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Szabó I, Biri-Kovács B, Vári B, Ranđelović I, Vári-Mező D, Juhász É, Halmos G, Bősze S, Tóvári J, Mező G. Targeting the Melanocortin 1 Receptor in Melanoma: Biological Activity of α-MSH-Peptide Conjugates. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1095. [PMID: 38256168 PMCID: PMC10816934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive and resistant tumor types, with high metastatic properties. Because of the lack of suitable chemotherapeutic agents for treatment, the 5-year survival rate of melanoma patients with regional and distant metastases is lower than 10%. Targeted tumor therapy that provides several promising results might be a good option for the treatment of malignant melanomas. Our goal was to develop novel melanoma-specific peptide-drug conjugates for targeted tumor therapy. Melanocortin-1-receptor (MC1R) is a cell surface receptor responsible for melanogenesis and it is overexpressed on the surface of melanoma cells, providing a good target. Its native ligand, α-MSH (α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone) peptide, or its derivatives, might be potential homing devices for this purpose. Therefore, we prepared three α-MSH derivative-daunomycin (Dau) conjugates and their in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities were compared. Dau has an autofluorescence property; therefore, it is suitable for preparing conjugates for in vitro (e.g., cellular uptake) and in vivo experiments. Dau was attached to the peptides via a non-cleavable oxime linkage that was applied efficiently in our previous experiments, resulting in conjugates with high tumor growth inhibition activity. The results indicated that the most promising conjugate was the compound in which Dau was connected to the side chain of Lys (Ac-SYSNleEHFRWGK(Dau=Aoa)PV-NH2). The highest cellular uptake by melanoma cells was demonstrated using the compound, with the highest tumor growth inhibition detected both on mouse (38.6% on B16) and human uveal melanoma (55% on OMC-1) cells. The effect of the compound was more pronounced than that of the free drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Szabó
- HUN-REN–ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (I.S.); (B.B.-K.); (D.V.-M.); (S.B.)
- MTA-TTK “Momentum” Peptide-Based Vaccines Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Biri-Kovács
- HUN-REN–ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (I.S.); (B.B.-K.); (D.V.-M.); (S.B.)
| | - Balázs Vári
- National Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (B.V.); (I.R.); (J.T.)
- School of Ph.D. Studies, Doctoral School of Pathological Sciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ivan Ranđelović
- National Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (B.V.); (I.R.); (J.T.)
| | - Diána Vári-Mező
- HUN-REN–ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (I.S.); (B.B.-K.); (D.V.-M.); (S.B.)
- National Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (B.V.); (I.R.); (J.T.)
- School of Ph.D. Studies, Doctoral School of Pathological Sciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Juhász
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Gábor Halmos
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Szilvia Bősze
- HUN-REN–ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (I.S.); (B.B.-K.); (D.V.-M.); (S.B.)
| | - József Tóvári
- National Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (B.V.); (I.R.); (J.T.)
- School of Ph.D. Studies, Doctoral School of Pathological Sciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mező
- HUN-REN–ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (I.S.); (B.B.-K.); (D.V.-M.); (S.B.)
- Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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Nelson BJB, Wilson J, Andersson JD, Wuest F. Theranostic Imaging Surrogates for Targeted Alpha Therapy: Progress in Production, Purification, and Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1622. [PMID: 38004486 PMCID: PMC10674391 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This article highlights recent developments of SPECT and PET diagnostic imaging surrogates for targeted alpha particle therapy (TAT) radiopharmaceuticals. It outlines the rationale for using imaging surrogates to improve diagnostic-scan accuracy and facilitate research, and the properties an imaging-surrogate candidate should possess. It evaluates the strengths and limitations of each potential imaging surrogate. Thirteen surrogates for TAT are explored: 133La, 132La, 134Ce/134La, and 226Ac for 225Ac TAT; 203Pb for 212Pb TAT; 131Ba for 223Ra and 224Ra TAT; 123I, 124I, 131I and 209At for 211At TAT; 134Ce/134La for 227Th TAT; and 155Tb and 152Tb for 149Tb TAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce J. B. Nelson
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Ave., Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (B.J.B.N.); (J.W.); (J.D.A.)
| | - John Wilson
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Ave., Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (B.J.B.N.); (J.W.); (J.D.A.)
| | - Jan D. Andersson
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Ave., Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (B.J.B.N.); (J.W.); (J.D.A.)
- Edmonton Radiopharmaceutical Center, Alberta Health Services, 11560 University Ave., Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Frank Wuest
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Ave., Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (B.J.B.N.); (J.W.); (J.D.A.)
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
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Zaid NRR, Kletting P, Beer AJ, Stallons TAR, Torgue JJ, Glatting G. Mathematical Modeling of In Vivo Alpha Particle Generators and Chelator Stability. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2023; 38:528-535. [PMID: 33481653 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2020.4112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Targeted α particle therapy using long-lived in vivo α particle generators is cytotoxic to target tissues. However, the redistribution of released radioactive daughters through the circulation should be considered. A mathematical model was developed to describe the physicochemical kinetics of 212Pb-labeled pharmaceuticals and its radioactive daughters. Materials and Methods: A bolus of 212Pb-labeled pharmaceuticals injected in a developed compartmental model was simulated. The contributions of chelated and free radionuclides to the total released energy were investigated for different dissociation fractions of 212Bi for different chelators, for example, 36% for DOTA. The compartmental model was applied to describe a 212Bi retention study and to assess the stability of the 212Bi-1,4,7,10-tetrakis(carbamoylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (212Bi-DOTAM) complex after β- decay of 212Pb. Results: The simulation of the injection showed that α emissions contribute 75% to the total released energy, mostly from 212Po (72%). The simulation of the 212Bi retention study showed that (16 ± 5)% of 212Bi atoms dissociate from the 212Bi-DOTAM complexes. The fractions of energies released by free radionuclides were 21% and 38% for DOTAM and DOTA chelators, respectively. Conclusion: The developed α particle generator model allows for simulating the radioactive kinetics of labeled and unlabeled pharmaceuticals being released from the chelating system due to a preceding disintegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouran R R Zaid
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biophysics and Medical Imaging Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Peter Kletting
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ambros J Beer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Gerhard Glatting
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Jiao R, Allen KJH, Malo ME, Yilmaz O, Wilson J, Nelson BJB, Wuest F, Dadachova E. A Theranostic Approach to Imaging and Treating Melanoma with 203Pb/ 212Pb-Labeled Antibody Targeting Melanin. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3856. [PMID: 37568672 PMCID: PMC10416844 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is a deadly disease that claims thousands of lives each year despite the introduction of several immunotherapeutic agents into the clinic over the past decade, inspiring the development of novel therapeutics and the exploration of combination therapies. Our investigations target melanin pigment with melanin-specific radiolabeled antibodies as a strategy to treat metastatic melanoma. In this study, a theranostic approach was applied by first labeling a chimeric antibody targeting melanin, c8C3, with the SPECT radionuclide 203Pb for microSPECT/CT imaging of C57Bl6 mice bearing B16-F10 melanoma tumors. Imaging was followed by radioimmunotherapy (RIT), whereby the c8C3 antibody is radiolabeled with a 212Pb/212Bi "in vivo generator", which emits cytotoxic alpha particles. Using microSPECT/CT, we collected sequential images of B16-F10 murine tumors to investigate antibody biodistribution. Treatment with the 212Pb/212Bi-labeled c8C3 antibody demonstrated a dose-response in tumor growth rate in the 5-10 µCi dose range when compared to the untreated and radiolabeled control antibody and a significant prolongation in survival. No hematologic or systemic toxicity of the treatment was observed. However, administration of higher doses resulted in a biphasic tumor dose response, with the efficacy of treatment decreasing when the administered doses exceeded 10 µCi. These results underline the need for more pre-clinical investigation of targeting melanin with 212Pb-labeled antibodies before the clinical utility of such an approach can be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubin Jiao
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (R.J.); (K.J.H.A.); (M.E.M.); (O.Y.)
| | - Kevin J. H. Allen
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (R.J.); (K.J.H.A.); (M.E.M.); (O.Y.)
| | - Mackenzie E. Malo
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (R.J.); (K.J.H.A.); (M.E.M.); (O.Y.)
| | - Orhan Yilmaz
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (R.J.); (K.J.H.A.); (M.E.M.); (O.Y.)
| | - John Wilson
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (J.W.); (B.J.B.N.); (F.W.)
| | - Bryce J. B. Nelson
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (J.W.); (B.J.B.N.); (F.W.)
| | - Frank Wuest
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (J.W.); (B.J.B.N.); (F.W.)
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Dadachova
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (R.J.); (K.J.H.A.); (M.E.M.); (O.Y.)
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Kálmán-Szabó I, Képes Z, Fekete A, Vágner A, Nagy G, Szücs D, Gyuricza B, Arató V, Varga J, Kárpáti L, Garai I, Mándity I, Bruchertseifer F, Elek J, Szikra D, Trencsényi G. In Vivo evaluation of newly synthesized 213Bi-conjugated alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) peptide analogues in melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1-R) positive experimental melanoma model. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 229:115374. [PMID: 37001274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Given the rising pervasiveness of melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1-R) positive melanoma malignum (MM) and pertinent metastases, radiolabelled receptor-affine alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone-analogue (α-MSH analogue) imaging probes would be of crucial importance in timely tumor diagnostic assessment. Herein we aimed at investigating the biodistribution and the MM targeting potential of newly synthesized 213Bi-conjugated MC1-R specific peptide-based radioligands with the establishment of MC1-R overexpressing MM preclinical model. DOTA-conjugated NAP, -HOLD, -FOLD, -and MARSamide were labelled with 213Bi. Ex vivo biodistribution studies were conducted post-administration of 3.81 ± 0.32 MBq [213Bi]Bi-DOTA conjugated deriva-tives into twenty B16-F10 tumor-bearing C57BL/6 J and healthy mice. Organ Level Internal Dose Assessment (OLINDA) and IDAC-Dose were used to calculate translational data-based absorbed radiation dose in human organs. Moderate or low %ID/g uptake of [213Bi]Bi-DOTA conjugated NAP, -HOLD, -and MARSamide and significantly increased [213Bi]Bi-DOTA-FOLDamide accumulation was observed in the thoracic and abdominal organs (p ≤ 0.01). High [213Bi]Bi-DOTA-NAP (%ID/g:3.76 ± 0.96), -and FOLDamide (%ID/g:3.28 ± 0.95) tumor tracer activity confirmed their MC1-R-affinity. The bladder wall received the highest radiation absorbed dose followed by the kidneys (bladder wall: 1.95·10-2 and 8.97·10-2 mSv/MBq; kidneys: 7.47·10-3 vs. 5.88·10-2 mSv/MBq measured by IDAC and OLINDA; respectively) indicating the suitability of the NAPamide derivative for clinical use. These novel [213Bi]Bi-DOTA-linked peptide probes displaying meaningful MC1-R affinity could be promising molecular probes in MM imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibolya Kálmán-Szabó
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; Gyula Petrányi Doctoral School of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zita Képes
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Anikó Fekete
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Vágner
- Scanomed Ltd., Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Nagy
- Scanomed Ltd., Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dániel Szücs
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem square 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; Doctoral School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem square 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Barbara Gyuricza
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; Doctoral School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem square 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Viktória Arató
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Varga
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Levente Kárpáti
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Endre St. 7, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Garai
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; Scanomed Ltd., Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Mándity
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Endre St. 7, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary; Artificial Transporters Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok boulevard 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - János Elek
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; Science Port Ltd., Debrecen, Elek St. 166, H-4225 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dezs Szikra
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Trencsényi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; Gyula Petrányi Doctoral School of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Therapeutic Performance Evaluation of 213Bi-Labelled Aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13)-Affine NGR-Motif ([ 213Bi]Bi-DOTAGA-cKNGRE) in Experimental Tumour Model: A Treasured Tailor for Oncology. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020491. [PMID: 36839813 PMCID: PMC9968005 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Since NGR-tripeptides (asparagine-glycine-arginine) selectively target neoangiogenesis-associated Aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13) on cancer cells, we aimed to evaluate the in vivo tumour targeting capability of radiolabelled, NGR-containing, ANP/CD13-selective [213Bi]Bi-DOTAGA-cKNGRE in CD13pos. HT1080 fibrosarcoma-bearing severe combined immunodeficient CB17 mice. 10 ± 1 days after cancer cell inoculation, positron emission tomography (PET) was performed applying [68Ga]Ga-DOTAGA-cKNGRE for tumour verification. On the 7th, 8th, 10th and 12th days the treated group of tumourous mice were intraperitoneally administered with 4.68 ± 0.10 MBq [213Bi]Bi-DOTAGA-cKNGRE, while the untreated tumour-bearing animals received 150 μL saline solution. In addition to body weight (BW) and tumour volume measurements, ex vivo biodistribution studies were conducted 30 and 90 min postinjection (pi.). The following quantitative standardised uptake values (SUV) confirmed the detectability of the HT1080 tumours: SUVmean and SUVmax: 0.37 ± 0.09 and 0.86 ± 0.14, respectively. Although no significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) was encountered between the BW of the treated and untreated mice, their tumour volumes measured on the 9th, 10th and 12th days differed significantly (p ≤ 0.01). Relatively higher [213Bi]Bi-DOTAGA-cKNGRE accumulation of the HT1080 neoplasms (%ID/g: 0.80 ± 0.16) compared with the other organs at 90 min time point yields better tumour-to-background ratios. Therefore, the therapeutic application of APN/CD13-affine [213Bi]Bi-DOTAGA- cKNGRE seems to be promising in receptor-positive fibrosarcoma treatment.
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Nelson BJB, Wilson J, Schultz MK, Andersson JD, Wuest F. High-yield cyclotron production of 203Pb using a sealed 205Tl solid target. Nucl Med Biol 2023; 116-117:108314. [PMID: 36708660 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2023.108314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION 203Pb (t1/2 = 51.9 h, 279 keV (81 %)) is a diagnostic SPECT imaging radionuclide ideally suited for theranostic applications in combination with 212Pb for targeted alpha particle therapy. Our objectives were to develop a high-yield solid target 203Pb cyclotron production route using isotopically enriched 205Tl target material and the 205Tl(p,3n)203Pb reaction as an alternative to lower energy production via the 203Tl(p,n)203Pb reaction. METHODS 250 mg 205Tl metal (99.9 % isotopic enrichment) was pressed using a hardened stainless steel die. Aluminum target discs were machined with a central depression and annulus groove. The flattened 205Tl pellet was placed into the central depression of the Al disc and a circle of indium wire was laid in the machined annulus surrounding the pellet. An aluminum foil cover was then pressed onto the target disc to create an airtight bond. Targets were irradiated at 23.3 MeV for up to 516 min on a TR-24 cyclotron at currents up to 60 μA to produce 203Pb via the 205Tl(p,3n)203Pb nuclear reaction. Following a cool-down period of >12 h, the target was removed and 205Tl dissolved in 4 M HNO3. A NEPTIS Mosaic-LC synthesis unit performed automated separation using Eichrom Pb resin, and 203Pb was eluted using 8 M HCl or 1 M NH4OAc. 205Tl was diverted to a vial for recovery in an electrolytic cell. 203Pb product radionuclidic purity was assessed by HPGe gamma spectroscopy, while elemental purity was assessed by ICP-OES. Radiolabeling and stability studies were performed with PSC, TCMC, and DOTA chelators, and 203Pb incorporation was verified by radio-TLC analysis. RESULTS Cyclotron irradiations performed at 60 μA proton beam current and 23.3 MeV (205Tl incident energy) had a 203Pb saturated yield of 4658 ± 62 MBq/μA (n = 3). Automated NEPTIS separation took <4 h from the start of target dissolution to product elution, yielding >85 % decay-corrected [203Pb]PbCl2 with a radionuclidic purity of >99.9 %. Purified [203Pb]PbCl2 yields of up to 12 GBq 203Pb were attained (15.8 GBq at EOB). The [203Pb]PbCl2 and [203Pb]Pb(OAc)2 products contained no detectable radionuclidic impurities besides 201Pb (<0.1 %), and <0.4 ppm stable Pb. 205Tl metal was recovered with a 92 % batch yield. Aliquots of 100 μL [203Pb]Pb(OAc)2 were used for radiolabeling PSC-Bn-NCS, TCMC-NCS, and DOTA-NCS chelators at pH 4.5 and 22 °C for 30 min, with maximum respective molar activities of 461 ± 30 GBq/μmol, 195 ± 37 GBq/μmol, and 83 ± 12 GBq/μmol. PSC, TCMC, and DOTA chelators exhibited >99.9 % incorporation after a 120-hour incubation in human serum at 37 °C. CONCLUSIONS Nuclear medicine centers with access to higher energy cyclotrons can produce large 203Pb activities sufficient for clinical applications, with a convenient separation technique producing highly pure [203Pb]PbCl2 or [203Pb]Pb(OAc)2 for direct radiolabeling. This represents an attractive route to produce 203Pb for diagnostic SPECT imaging alongside 212Pb targeted alpha particle therapy. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE Our high-yield 203Pb production technique significantly enhances 203Pb production capabilities to meet the growing preclinical and clinical demand for 203Pb radiopharmaceuticals alongside 212Pb target alpha particle therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce J B Nelson
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - John Wilson
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Michael K Schultz
- Viewpoint Molecular Targeting, Inc., Coralville, IA 52241, USA; Department of Radiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52240, USA
| | - Jan D Andersson
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada; Edmonton Radiopharmaceutical Center, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Frank Wuest
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada; Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada.
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Bergeron DE, Cessna JT, Fitzgerald RP, Laureano-Pérez L, Pibida L, Zimmerman BE. Primary standardization of 212Pb activity by liquid scintillation counting. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 190:110473. [PMID: 36201936 PMCID: PMC9827475 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
An activity standard for 212Pb in equilibrium with its progeny was realized, based on triple-to-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) liquid scintillation (LS) counting. A Monte Carlo-based approach to estimating uncertainties due to nuclear decay data (branching ratios, beta endpoint energies, γ-ray energies, and conversion coefficients for 212Pb and 208Tl) led to combined standard uncertainties ≤ 0.20 %. Confirmatory primary measurements were made by LS efficiency tracing with tritium and 4παβ(LS)-γ(NaI(Tl)) anticoincidence counting. The standard is discussed in relation to current approaches to 212Pb activity calibration. In particular, potential biases encountered when using inappropriate radionuclide calibrator settings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis E Bergeron
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
| | - Jeffrey T Cessna
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Ryan P Fitzgerald
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Lizbeth Laureano-Pérez
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Leticia Pibida
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Brian E Zimmerman
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
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9
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Kokov KV, Egorova BV, German MN, Klabukov ID, Krasheninnikov ME, Larkin-Kondrov AA, Makoveeva KA, Ovchinnikov MV, Sidorova MV, Chuvilin DY. 212Pb: Production Approaches and Targeted Therapy Applications. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010189. [PMID: 35057083 PMCID: PMC8777968 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, targeted alpha therapy has demonstrated its high effectiveness in treating various oncological diseases. Lead-212, with a convenient half-life of 10.64 h, and daughter alpha-emitter short-lived 212Bi (T1/2 = 1 h), provides the possibility for the synthesis and purification of complex radiopharmaceuticals with minimum loss of radioactivity during preparation. As a benefit for clinical implementation, it can be milked from a radionuclide generator in different ways. The main approaches applied for these purposes are considered and described in this review, including chromatographic, solution, and other techniques to isolate 212Pb from its parent radionuclide. Furthermore, molecules used for lead’s binding and radiochemical features of preparation and stability of compounds labeled with 212Pb are discussed. The results of preclinical studies with an estimation of therapeutic and tolerant doses as well as recently initiated clinical trials of targeted radiopharmaceuticals are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin V. Kokov
- Physical and Chemical Technology Center, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (K.V.K.); (M.N.G.); (A.A.L.-K.); (K.A.M.); (D.Y.C.)
| | - Bayirta V. Egorova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: or
| | - Marina N. German
- Physical and Chemical Technology Center, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (K.V.K.); (M.N.G.); (A.A.L.-K.); (K.A.M.); (D.Y.C.)
| | - Ilya D. Klabukov
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, National Medical Research Radiological Center, 249036 Obninsk, Russia;
| | - Michael E. Krasheninnikov
- Research and Educational Resource Center for Cellular Technologies, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Antonius A. Larkin-Kondrov
- Physical and Chemical Technology Center, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (K.V.K.); (M.N.G.); (A.A.L.-K.); (K.A.M.); (D.Y.C.)
| | - Kseniya A. Makoveeva
- Physical and Chemical Technology Center, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (K.V.K.); (M.N.G.); (A.A.L.-K.); (K.A.M.); (D.Y.C.)
| | - Michael V. Ovchinnikov
- Laboratory of Peptide Synthesis, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.O.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Maria V. Sidorova
- Laboratory of Peptide Synthesis, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.O.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Dmitry Y. Chuvilin
- Physical and Chemical Technology Center, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (K.V.K.); (M.N.G.); (A.A.L.-K.); (K.A.M.); (D.Y.C.)
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10
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Radiobiology of Targeted Alpha Therapy. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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11
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Yang H, Wilson JJ, Orvig C, Li Y, Wilbur DS, Ramogida CF, Radchenko V, Schaffer P. Harnessing α-Emitting Radionuclides for Therapy: Radiolabeling Method Review. J Nucl Med 2022; 63:5-13. [PMID: 34503958 PMCID: PMC8717181 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.262687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted α-therapy (TAT) is an emerging powerful tool treating late-stage cancers for which therapeutic options are limited. At the core of TAT are targeted radiopharmaceuticals, where isotopes are paired with targeting vectors to enable tissue- or cell-specific delivery of α-emitters. DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) and DTPA (diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid) are commonly used to chelate metallic radionuclides but have limitations. Significant efforts are underway to develop effective stable chelators for α-emitters and are at various stages of development and community adoption. Isotopes such as 149Tb, 212/213Bi, 212Pb (for 212Bi), 225Ac, and 226/227Th have found suitable chelators, although further studies, especially in vivo studies, are required. For others, including 223Ra, 230U, and, arguably 211At, the ideal chemistry remains elusive. This review summarizes the methods reported to date for the incorporation of 149Tb, 211At, 212/213Bi, 212Pb (for 212Bi), 223Ra, 225Ac, 226/227Th, and 230U into radiopharmaceuticals, with a focus on new discoveries and remaining challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Justin J Wilson
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yawen Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - D Scott Wilbur
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Caterina F Ramogida
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and
| | - Paul Schaffer
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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12
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Choiński J, Łyczko M. Prospects for the production of radioisotopes and radiobioconjugates for theranostics. BIO-ALGORITHMS AND MED-SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/bams-2021-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The development of diagnostic methods in medicine as well as the progress in the synthesis of biologically active compounds allows the use of selected radioisotopes for the simultaneous diagnosis and treatment of diseases, especially cancerous ones, in patients. This approach is called theranostic. This review article includes chemical and physical characterization of chosen theranostic radioisotopes and their compounds that are or could be useful in nuclear medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Łyczko
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology , Warsaw , Poland
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13
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Farzipour S, Shaghaghi Z, Abbasi S, Albooyeh H, Alvandi M. Recent Achievements about Targeted Alpha Therapy-Based Targeting Vectors and Chelating Agents. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1496-1510. [PMID: 34315393 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210727120308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the most rapidly growing options in the management of cancer therapy is Targeted Alpha Therapy (TAT) through which lethal α-emitting radionuclides conjugated to tumor-targeting vectors selectively deliver high amount of radiation to cancer cells.225Ac, 212Bi, 211At, 213Bi, and 223Ra have been investigated by plenty of clinical trials and preclinical researches for the treatment of smaller tumor burdens, micro-metastatic disease, and post-surgery residual disease. In order to send maximum radiation to tumor cells while minimizing toxicity in normal cells, a high affinity of targeting vectors to cancer tissue is essential. Besides that, the stable and specific complex between chelating agent and α-emitters was found as a crucial parameter. The present review was planned to highlight recent achievements about TAT-based targeting vectors and chelating agents and provide further insight for future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soghra Farzipour
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Zahra Shaghaghi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Clinical Development Research Unit of Farshchian Heart Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sahar Abbasi
- Department of Radiology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hajar Albooyeh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Alvandi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Clinical Development Research Unit of Farshchian Heart Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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14
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Li M, Liu D, Lee D, Cheng Y, Baumhover NJ, Marks BM, Sagastume EA, Ballas ZK, Johnson FL, Morris ZS, Schultz MK. Targeted Alpha-Particle Radiotherapy and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Induces Cooperative Inhibition on Tumor Growth of Malignant Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153676. [PMID: 34359580 PMCID: PMC8345035 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Radiation therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been demonstrated to cooperatively activate adaptive anti-tumor immunity with curative potential in preclinical models of melanoma. Receptor-targeted radionuclide therapy can be systemically injected to selectively deliver ionizing radiation to tumor sites throughout the body, potentially rendering all tumor sites more susceptible to anti-tumor immune response. In this study, we demonstrated the feasibility of delivering alpha-particle radiation to murine melanoma tumors using a 212Pb radiolabeled peptide [212Pb]VMT01 that targets the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R). Our data showed anti-tumor cooperation between [212Pb]VMT01 and ICIs in melanoma, mediated by induction of tumor-specific immunity. The immunogenicity of [212Pb]VMT01 in melanoma was also evidenced by enhanced tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and tumor vaccination assays. Abstract Radiotherapy can facilitate the immune recognition of immunologically “cold” tumors and enhance the efficacy of anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in melanoma. Systemic administration of receptor-targeted radionuclide therapy has the potential to selectively deliver radionuclides to multiple tumors throughout the body in metastatic settings. By triggering immunologic cell death and increasing the immune susceptibility of surviving tumor cells in these locations, targeted radionuclide therapies may overcome resistance to ICIs and render immunologically “cold” tumors throughout the body responsive to ICIs and immunologically “hot”. Here, we show the anti-tumor cooperation of targeted α-particle radionuclide therapy (α-TRT) and ICIs in preclinical models of melanoma. Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R)-targeted radiopeptide [212Pb]VMT01 was employed to deliver α-radiation to melanoma tumors in mice. A single injection of 4.1 MBq [212Pb]VMT01 significantly slowed the tumor growth of B16-F10 melanoma and the combination of [212Pb]VMT01 and ICIs induced a cooperative anti-tumor effect leading to 43% complete tumor response with no sign of malignancy on autopsy. Animals with complete response developed anti-tumor immunity to reject further tumor inoculations. This therapeutic cooperation was completely abolished in RAG1 KO mice, which are deficient in T-cell maturation. In addition, the anti-tumor cooperation was compromised when fractionated [212Pb]VMT01 was used in the combination. We also demonstrated that [212Pb]VMT01 induced immunogenic cell death in tumor vaccination assays and in vitro exposure to [212Pb]VMT01 sensitized immunotolerant melanoma to ICIs treatment in vivo. Enhanced tumor infiltrating CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ lymphocytes were observed following injection of 1.4 MBq [212Pb]VMT01. Overall, we demonstrated anti-tumor cooperation between α-TRT and ICIs in melanoma that is mediated by tumor specific immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshi Li
- Viewpoint Molecular Targeting, Inc., Coralville, IA 52241, USA; (M.L.); (D.L.); (N.J.B.); (B.M.M.); (E.A.S.); (F.L.J.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Dijie Liu
- Viewpoint Molecular Targeting, Inc., Coralville, IA 52241, USA; (M.L.); (D.L.); (N.J.B.); (B.M.M.); (E.A.S.); (F.L.J.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Dongyoul Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Yinwen Cheng
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Baumhover
- Viewpoint Molecular Targeting, Inc., Coralville, IA 52241, USA; (M.L.); (D.L.); (N.J.B.); (B.M.M.); (E.A.S.); (F.L.J.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Brenna M. Marks
- Viewpoint Molecular Targeting, Inc., Coralville, IA 52241, USA; (M.L.); (D.L.); (N.J.B.); (B.M.M.); (E.A.S.); (F.L.J.)
| | - Edwin A. Sagastume
- Viewpoint Molecular Targeting, Inc., Coralville, IA 52241, USA; (M.L.); (D.L.); (N.J.B.); (B.M.M.); (E.A.S.); (F.L.J.)
| | - Zuhair K. Ballas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Frances L. Johnson
- Viewpoint Molecular Targeting, Inc., Coralville, IA 52241, USA; (M.L.); (D.L.); (N.J.B.); (B.M.M.); (E.A.S.); (F.L.J.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Zachary S. Morris
- Department of Human Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - Michael K. Schultz
- Viewpoint Molecular Targeting, Inc., Coralville, IA 52241, USA; (M.L.); (D.L.); (N.J.B.); (B.M.M.); (E.A.S.); (F.L.J.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(865)-356-1861
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15
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Rouanet J, Quintana M, Auzeloux P, Cachin F, Degoul F. Benzamide derivative radiotracers targeting melanin for melanoma imaging and therapy: Preclinical/clinical development and combination with other treatments. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 224:107829. [PMID: 33662452 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma arises from proliferating melanocytes, cells specialized in the production of melanin. This property means melanin can be considered as a target for monitoring melanoma patients using nuclear imaging or targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT). Since the 1970s, many researchers have shown that specific molecules can interfere with melanin. This paper reviews some such molecules: benzamide structures improved to increase their pharmacokinetics for imaging or TRT. We first describe the characteristics and biosynthesis of melanin, and the main features of melanin tracers. The second part summarizes the preclinical and corresponding clinical studies on imaging. The last section presents TRT results from ongoing protocols and discusses combinations with other therapies as an opportunity for melanoma non-responders or patients resistant to treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Rouanet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR1240, 58 Rue Montalembert, 63005 Clermont-Ferrand, Cedex, France; Department of Dermatology and Oncodermatology, CHU Estaing, 1 place Lucie et Raymond Aubrac, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand F-63011, France.
| | - Mercedes Quintana
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR1240, 58 Rue Montalembert, 63005 Clermont-Ferrand, Cedex, France.
| | - Philippe Auzeloux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR1240, 58 Rue Montalembert, 63005 Clermont-Ferrand, Cedex, France.
| | - Florent Cachin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR1240, 58 Rue Montalembert, 63005 Clermont-Ferrand, Cedex, France; Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand F-63011, France.
| | - Françoise Degoul
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR1240, 58 Rue Montalembert, 63005 Clermont-Ferrand, Cedex, France.
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16
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McNeil BL, Robertson AKH, Fu W, Yang H, Hoehr C, Ramogida CF, Schaffer P. Production, purification, and radiolabeling of the 203Pb/ 212Pb theranostic pair. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2021; 6:6. [PMID: 33527221 PMCID: PMC7851237 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-021-00121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lead-212 (212Pb, t1/2 = 10.6 h) and lead-203 (203Pb, t1/2 = 51.9 h) are an element-equivalent, or a matched theranostic radioisotope pair that show great potential for application in targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), respectively. At TRIUMF we have produced both 203Pb and 212Pb using TRIUMF’s TR13 (13 MeV) and 500 MeV cyclotrons, and subsequently purified and evaluated both radioisotopes using a series of pyridine-modified DOTA analogues in comparison to the commercially available chelates DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) and TCMC (1,4,7,10-tetraaza-1,4,7,10-tetra(2-carbamoylmethyl)cyclododecane). Results Proton irradiation (12.8 MeV) of natural and enriched thallium-203 (203Tl) targets gave 203Pb saturation yields of 134 ± 25 and 483 ± 3 MBq/μA, respectively. Thorium-228 (228Th, t1/2 = 1.9 y), a by-product of 232Th proton spallation on TRIUMF’s main 500 MeV beamline (beamline 1A, BL1A), was recovered to build a 228Th/212Pb generator with the ability to deliver up to 9–10 MBq of 212Pb daily. Both lead isotopes were purified via solid phase extraction chromatography (Pb resin), and isolated in an acetate form ([203/212Pb]Pb(OAc)2) suitable for direct radiolabeling of chelators and bioconjugates. A series of cyclen-based chelators (herein referred to as DOTA-1Py, -2Py, and -3Py) along with established chelates DOTA and TCMC were evaluated for their ability to complex both 203Pb and 212Pb. All chelates incorporated 212Pb/203Pb efficiently, with higher radiolabeling yields observed for the 212Pb-complexes. Conclusion The production of 203Pb and 212Pb was established using TRIUMF 13 MeV and 500 MeV cyclotrons, respectively. Both production methods provided radiometals suitable for subsequent radiolabeling reactions using known and novel chelates. Furthermore, the novel chelate DOTA-3Py may be a good candidate for biomolecule conjugation and further theranostic 212Pb/203Pb studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41181-021-00121-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke L McNeil
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew K H Robertson
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Winnie Fu
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hua Yang
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Caterina F Ramogida
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
| | - Paul Schaffer
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada. .,Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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17
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Grieve ML, Paterson BM. The Evolving Coordination Chemistry of Radiometals for Targeted Alpha Therapy. Aust J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/ch21184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Miao Y, Quinn TP. Advances in Receptor-Targeted Radiolabeled Peptides for Melanoma Imaging and Therapy. J Nucl Med 2020; 62:313-318. [PMID: 33277401 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.243840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) and very late antigen-4 (VLA-4, integrin α4β1) are 2 attractive molecular targets for developing peptide radiopharmaceuticals for melanoma imaging and therapy. MC1R- and VLA-4-targeting peptides and peptide-conjugated Cornell prime dots (C' dots) can serve as delivery vehicles to target both diagnostic and therapeutic radionuclides to melanoma cells for imaging and therapy. This review highlights the advances of MC1R- and VLA-4-targeted radiolabeled peptides and peptide-conjugated C' dots for melanoma imaging and therapy. The promising preclinical and clinical results of these new peptide radiopharmaceuticals present an optimistic outlook for clinical translation into receptor-targeting melanoma imaging and radionuclide therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Miao
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Thomas P Quinn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, and Harry S. Truman Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
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19
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Tichacek CJ, Tafreshi NK, Kil H, Engelman RW, Doligalski ML, Budzevich MM, Gage KL, McLaughlin ML, Wadas TJ, Silva A, Moros E, Morse DL. Biodistribution and Multicompartment Pharmacokinetic Analysis of a Targeted α Particle Therapy. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:4180-4188. [PMID: 32960613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Targeted α particle therapy (TAT) is ideal for treating disease while minimizing damage to surrounding nontargeted tissues due to short path length and high linear energy transfer (LET). We developed a TAT for metastatic uveal melanoma, targeting the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R), which is expressed in 94% of uveal melanomas. Two versions of the therapy are being investigated: 225Ac-DOTA-Ahx-MC1RL (225Ac-Ahx) and 225Ac-DOTA-di-d-Glu-MC1RL (225Ac-di-d-Glu). The biodistribution (BD) from each was studied and a multicompartment pharmacokinetic (PK) model was developed to describe drug distribution rates. Two groups of 16 severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice bearing high MC1R expressing tumors were intravenously injected with 225Ac-Ahx or 225Ac-di-d-Glu. After injection, four groups (n = 4) were euthanized at 24, 96, 144, and 288 h time points for each cohort. Tumors and 13 other organs were harvested at each time point. Isomeric γ spectra were measured in tissue samples using a scintillation γ detector and converted to α activity using factors for γ ray abundance per α decay. Time activity curves were calculated for each organ. A five-compartment PK model was built with the following compartments: blood, tumor, normal tissue, kidney, and liver. This model is characterized by a system of five ordinary differential equations using mass action kinetics, which describe uptake, intercompartmental transitions, and clearance rates. The ordinary differential equations were simultaneously solved and fit to experimental data using a genetic algorithm for optimization. The BD data show that both compounds have minimal distribution to organs at risk other than the kidney and liver. The PK parameter estimates had less than 5% error. From these data, 225Ac-Ahx showed larger and faster uptake in the liver. Both compounds had comparable uptake and clearance rates for other compartments. The BD and PK behavior for two targeted radiopharmaceuticals were investigated. The PK model fit the experimental data and provided insight into the kinetics of the compounds systematically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Tichacek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States.,Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States.,Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Narges K Tafreshi
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - HyunJoo Kil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Robert W Engelman
- Department of Pediatrics, Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Michael L Doligalski
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Mikalai M Budzevich
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States.,Small Animal Imaging Laboratory, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Kenneth L Gage
- Department of Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Mark L McLaughlin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States.,Modulation Therapeutics Inc., Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Thaddeus J Wadas
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Ariosto Silva
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Eduardo Moros
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States.,Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States.,Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - David L Morse
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States.,Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
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20
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Calibration of sodium iodide detectors and reentrant ionization chambers for 212Pb activity in different geometries by HPGe activity determined samples. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 166:109362. [PMID: 32979756 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Lead-212 is a promising radionuclide for cancer therapy, but no primary 212Pb activity standardization has been published. A need therefore exists for accurate estimation of injected doses of 212Pb activity in equilibrium with progeny, when it comes to preclinical and clinical trials. In this study, 212Pb activity was determined using a high purity germanium (HPGe) detector, which allowed the determination of geometry-specific calibration factors for commercially available reentrant ionization chambers (ICs) and sodium iodide (NaI) detectors.
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21
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Maaland AF, Saidi A, Torgue J, Heyerdahl H, Stallons TAR, Kolstad A, Dahle J. Targeted alpha therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with the anti-CD37 radioimmunoconjugate 212Pb-NNV003. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230526. [PMID: 32187209 PMCID: PMC7080250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Relapse of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after standard of care treatment is common and new therapies are needed. The targeted alpha therapy with 212Pb-NNV003 presented in this study combines cytotoxic α-particles from 212Pb, with the anti-CD37 antibody NNV003, targeting B-cell malignancies. The goal of this study was to explore 212Pb-NNV003 for treatment of CD37 positive chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in preclinical mouse models.An anti-proliferative effect of 212Pb-NNV003 was observed in both chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (MEC-2) and Burkitt's lymphoma (Daudi) cells in vitro. In biodistribution experiments, accumulation of 212Pb-NNV003 was 23%ID/g and 16%ID/g in Daudi and MEC-2 tumours 24 h post injection. In two intravenous animal models 90% of the mice treated with a single injection of 212Pb-NNV003 were alive 28 weeks post cell injection. Median survival times of control groups were 5-9 weeks. There was no significant difference between different specific activities of 212Pb-NNV003 with regards to therapeutic effect or toxicity. For therapeutically effective activities, a transient haematological toxicity was observed. This study shows that 212Pb-NNV003 is effective and safe in preclinical models of CD37 positive chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, warranting future clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astri Fjelde Maaland
- Nordic Nanovector ASA, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Julien Torgue
- Orano Med LLC, Plano, Texas, United States of America
| | | | | | - Arne Kolstad
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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22
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Zhang X, Chen F, Turker MZ, Ma K, Zanzonico P, Gallazzi F, Shah MA, Prater AR, Wiesner U, Bradbury MS, McDevitt MR, Quinn TP. Targeted melanoma radiotherapy using ultrasmall 177Lu-labeled α-melanocyte stimulating hormone-functionalized core-shell silica nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2020; 241:119858. [PMID: 32120314 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lutetium-177 (177Lu) radiolabeled ultrasmall (~6 nm dia.) fluorescent core-shell silica nanoparticles (Cornell prime dots or C' dots) were developed for improving efficacy of targeted radiotherapy in melanoma models. PEGylated C' dots were surface engineered to display 10-15 alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone (αMSH) cyclic peptide analogs for targeting the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1-R) over-expressed on melanoma tumor cells. The 177Lu-DOTA-αMSH-PEG-C' dot product was radiochemically stable, biologically active, and exhibited high affinity cellular binding properties and internalization. Selective tumor uptake and favorable biodistribution properties were also demonstrated, in addition to bulk renal clearance, in syngeneic B16F10 and human M21 xenografted models. Prolonged survival was observed in the treated cohorts relative to controls. Dosimetric analysis showed no excessively high absorbed dose among normal organs. Correlative histopathology of ex vivo treated tumor specimens revealed expected necrotic changes; no acute pathologic findings were noted in the liver or kidneys. Collectively, these results demonstrated that 177Lu-DOTA-αMSH-PEG-C' dot targeted melanoma therapy overcame the unfavorable biological properties and dose-limiting toxicities associated with existing mono-molecular treatments. The unique and tunable surface chemistries of this targeted ultrasmall radiotherapeutic, coupled with its favorable pharmacokinetic properties, substantially improved treatment efficacy and demonstrated a clear survival benefit in melanoma models, which supports its further clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Zhang
- Harry S. Truman Veterans' Hospital, 800 Hospital Dr., Columbia, MO 65201, United States; Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Radiology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Melik Z Turker
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Kai Ma
- Elucida Oncology, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Pat Zanzonico
- Department of Medical Physics, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Fabio Gallazzi
- Department of Chemistry and Research Core Facilities, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Manankumar A Shah
- Harry S. Truman Veterans' Hospital, 800 Hospital Dr., Columbia, MO 65201, United States; Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Austin R Prater
- Harry S. Truman Veterans' Hospital, 800 Hospital Dr., Columbia, MO 65201, United States; Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Ulrich Wiesner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Michelle S Bradbury
- Department of Radiology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, United States; Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Michael R McDevitt
- Department of Radiology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Thomas P Quinn
- Harry S. Truman Veterans' Hospital, 800 Hospital Dr., Columbia, MO 65201, United States; Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
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23
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Li M, Sagastume EE, Lee D, McAlister D, DeGraffenreid AJ, Olewine KR, Graves S, Copping R, Mirzadeh S, Zimmerman BE, Larsen R, Johnson FL, Schultz MK. 203/212Pb Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals for Image-guided Radionuclide Therapy for Cancer. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:7003-7031. [PMID: 32720598 PMCID: PMC10613023 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327999200727190423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-targeted image-guided Radionuclide Therapy (TRT) is increasingly recognized as a promising approach to cancer treatment. In particular, the potential for clinical translation of receptor-targeted alpha-particle therapy is receiving considerable attention as an approach that can improve outcomes for cancer patients. Higher Linear-energy Transfer (LET) of alpha-particles (compared to beta particles) for this purpose results in an increased incidence of double-strand DNA breaks and improved-localized cancer-cell damage. Recent clinical studies provide compelling evidence that alpha-TRT has the potential to deliver a significantly more potent anti-cancer effect compared with beta-TRT. Generator-produced 212Pb (which decays to alpha emitters 212Bi and 212Po) is a particularly promising radionuclide for receptor-targeted alpha-particle therapy. A second attractive feature that distinguishes 212Pb alpha-TRT from other available radionuclides is the possibility to employ elementallymatched isotope 203Pb as an imaging surrogate in place of the therapeutic radionuclide. As direct non-invasive measurement of alpha-particle emissions cannot be conducted using current medical scanner technology, the imaging surrogate allows for a pharmacologically-inactive determination of the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of TRT candidate ligands in advance of treatment. Thus, elementally-matched 203Pb labeled radiopharmaceuticals can be used to identify patients who may benefit from 212Pb alpha-TRT and apply appropriate dosimetry and treatment planning in advance of the therapy. In this review, we provide a brief history on the use of these isotopes for cancer therapy; describe the decay and chemical characteristics of 203/212Pb for their use in cancer theranostics and methodologies applied for production and purification of these isotopes for radiopharmaceutical production. In addition, a medical physics and dosimetry perspective is provided that highlights the potential of 212Pb for alpha-TRT and the expected safety for 203Pb surrogate imaging. Recent and current preclinical and clinical studies are presented. The sum of the findings herein and observations presented provide evidence that the 203Pb/212Pb theranostic pair has a promising future for use in radiopharmaceutical theranostic therapies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshi Li
- Department of Radiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
- Viewpoint Molecular Targeting, Inc., Coralville, IA USA
| | | | - Dongyoul Lee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Stephen Graves
- Department of Radiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Roy Copping
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, The US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge TN USA
| | - Saed Mirzadeh
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, The US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge TN USA
| | - Brian E. Zimmerman
- The National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Frances L. Johnson
- Viewpoint Molecular Targeting, Inc., Coralville, IA USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa USA
| | - Michael K. Schultz
- Department of Radiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
- Viewpoint Molecular Targeting, Inc., Coralville, IA USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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24
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Tafreshi NK, Doligalski ML, Tichacek CJ, Pandya DN, Budzevich MM, El-Haddad G, Khushalani NI, Moros EG, McLaughlin ML, Wadas TJ, Morse DL. Development of Targeted Alpha Particle Therapy for Solid Tumors. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234314. [PMID: 31779154 PMCID: PMC6930656 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted alpha-particle therapy (TAT) aims to selectively deliver radionuclides emitting α-particles (cytotoxic payload) to tumors by chelation to monoclonal antibodies, peptides or small molecules that recognize tumor-associated antigens or cell-surface receptors. Because of the high linear energy transfer (LET) and short range of alpha (α) particles in tissue, cancer cells can be significantly damaged while causing minimal toxicity to surrounding healthy cells. Recent clinical studies have demonstrated the remarkable efficacy of TAT in the treatment of metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the current consensus regarding the properties of the α-particle-emitting radionuclides that are potentially relevant for use in the clinic; the TAT-mediated mechanisms responsible for cell death; the different classes of targeting moieties and radiometal chelators available for TAT development; current approaches to calculating radiation dosimetry for TATs; and lead optimization via medicinal chemistry to improve the TAT radiopharmaceutical properties. We have also summarized the use of TATs in pre-clinical and clinical studies to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges K. Tafreshi
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (N.K.T.); (M.L.D.); (C.J.T.); (E.G.M.)
| | - Michael L. Doligalski
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (N.K.T.); (M.L.D.); (C.J.T.); (E.G.M.)
| | - Christopher J. Tichacek
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (N.K.T.); (M.L.D.); (C.J.T.); (E.G.M.)
| | - Darpan N. Pandya
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (D.N.P.); (T.J.W.)
| | - Mikalai M. Budzevich
- Small Animal Imaging Laboratory, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Ghassan El-Haddad
- Depts. of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Nikhil I. Khushalani
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Eduardo G. Moros
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (N.K.T.); (M.L.D.); (C.J.T.); (E.G.M.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Mark L. McLaughlin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV & Modulation Therapeutics Inc., 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
| | - Thaddeus J. Wadas
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (D.N.P.); (T.J.W.)
| | - David L. Morse
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (N.K.T.); (M.L.D.); (C.J.T.); (E.G.M.)
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Small Animal Imaging Laboratory, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-813-745-8948; Fax: +1-813-745-8375
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25
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Alpha-Emitters and Targeted Alpha Therapy in Oncology: from Basic Science to Clinical Investigations. Target Oncol 2019; 13:189-203. [PMID: 29423595 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-018-0550-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-emitters are radionuclides that decay through the emission of high linear energy transfer α-particles and possess favorable pharmacologic profiles for cancer treatment. When coupled with monoclonal antibodies, peptides, small molecules, or nanoparticles, the excellent cytotoxic capability of α-particle emissions has generated a strong interest in exploring targeted α-therapy in the pre-clinical setting and more recently in clinical trials in oncology. Multiple obstacles have been overcome by researchers and clinicians to accelerate the development of targeted α-therapies, especially with the recent improvement in isotope production and purification, but also with the development of innovative strategies for optimized targeting. Numerous studies have demonstrated the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of the targeted α-therapy. Radium-223 (223Ra) dichloride (Xofigo®) is the first α-emitter to have received FDA approval for the treatment of prostate cancer with metastatic bone lesions. There is a significant increase in the number of clinical trials in oncology using several radionuclides such as Actinium-225 (225Ac), Bismuth-213 (213Bi), Lead-212 (212Pb), Astatine (211At) or Radium-223 (223Ra) assessing their safety and preliminary activity. This review will cover their therapeutic application as well as summarize the investigations that provide the foundation for further clinical development.
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26
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Egorova BV, Fedorova OA, Kalmykov SN. Cationic radionuclides and ligands for targeted therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This review considers the already used and potential α- and β-emitting cationic radionuclides for targeted radionuclide therapy. Recent results of laboratory, preclinical and clinical applications of these radionuclides are discussed. As opposed to β-emitters, which are already used in nuclear medicine, α-emitters involved in targeted radiopharmaceuticals were subjected to clinical trials only recently and were found to be therapeutically effective. The review summarizes recent trends in the development of ligands as components of radiopharmaceuticals addressing specific features of short-lived cationic radionuclides applied in medicine. Despite a steadily growing number of chelating ligands, 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) remain the most widely used agents in nuclear medicine. The drawbacks of these compounds restrict the application of radionuclides in medicine. Variations in the macrocycle size, the introduction and modification of substituents can significantly improve the chelating ability of ligands, enhance stability of radionuclide complexes with these ligands and eliminate the influence of ligands on the affinity of biological targeting vectors.
The bibliography includes 189 references.
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27
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Zhang Y, Fang C, Wang RE, Wang Y, Guo H, Guo C, Zhao L, Li S, Li X, Schultz PG, Cao YJ, Wang F. A tumor-targeted immune checkpoint blocker. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:15889-15894. [PMID: 31332018 PMCID: PMC6689898 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1905646116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
To direct checkpoint inhibition to the tumor microenvironment, while avoiding systemic immune activation, we have synthesized a bispecific antibody [norleucine4, d-Phe7]-melanocyte stimulating hormone (NDP-MSH)-antiprogrammed cell death-ligand 1 antibody (αPD-L1) by conjugating a melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) analog to the antiprogrammed cell death-ligand 1 to (αPD-L1) antibody avelumab. This bispecific antibody can bind to both the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) and to PD-L1 expressed on melanoma cells and shows enhanced specific antitumor efficacy in a syngeneic B16-SIY melanoma mouse model compared with the parental antibody at a 5 mg/kg dose. Moreover, the bispecific antibody showed increased infiltrated T cells in the tumor microenvironment. These results suggest that a tumor-targeted PD-L1-blocking bispecific antibody could have a therapeutic advantage in vivo, especially when used in combination with other checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Changming Fang
- California Institute for Biomedical Research (Calibr), La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Rongsheng E Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Ying Wang
- California Institute for Biomedical Research (Calibr), La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Hui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
- School of Ocean, Shandong University, 264209 Weihai, China
| | - Lijun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Ocean, Shandong University, 264209 Weihai, China
| | - Peter G Schultz
- California Institute for Biomedical Research (Calibr), La Jolla, CA 92037;
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Yu J Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China;
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28
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Li M, Liu D, Lee D, Kapoor S, Gibson-Corley KN, Quinn TP, Sagastume EA, Mott SL, Walsh SA, Acevedo MR, Johnson FL, Schultz MK. Enhancing the Efficacy of Melanocortin 1 Receptor-Targeted Radiotherapy by Pharmacologically Upregulating the Receptor in Metastatic Melanoma. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:3904-3915. [PMID: 31318566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) is under investigation as a target for drug delivery for metastatic melanoma therapy and imaging. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of using BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) to enhance the delivery of MC1R-targeted radiolabeled peptide ([212Pb]DOTA-MC1L) by pharmacologically upregulating the MC1R expression in metastatic melanoma cells and tumors. MC1R expression was analyzed in de-identified melanoma biopsies by immunohistochemical staining. Upregulation of MC1R expression was determined in BRAFV600E cells (A2058) and BRAF wild-type melanoma cells (MEWO) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, and receptor-ligand binding assays. The role of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) in the upregulation of MC1R was also examined in A2058 and MEWO cells. The effectiveness of [212Pb]DOTA-MC1L α-particle radiotherapy in combination with BRAFi and/or HDACi was determined in athymic nu/nu mice bearing A2058 and MEWO human melanoma xenografts. High expression of MC1R was observed in situ in clinical melanoma biopsies. BRAFi and HDACi significantly increased the MC1R expression (up to 10-fold in mRNA and 4-fold in protein levels) via MITF-dependent pathways, and this increase led to enhanced ligand binding on the cell surface. Inhibition of MITF expression antagonized the upregulation of MC1R in both BRAFV600E and BRAFWT cells. Combining [212Pb]DOTA-MC1L with BRAFi and/or HDACi improved the tumor response by increasing the delivery of 212Pb α-particle emissions to melanoma tumors via augmented MC1R expression. These data suggest that FDA-approved HDACi and BRAFi could improve the effectiveness of MC1R-targeted therapies by enhancing drug delivery via upregulated MC1R.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas P Quinn
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Missouri , Columbia , Missouri 65211 , United States
| | - Edwin A Sagastume
- Viewpoint Molecular Targeting, Inc. , Coralville , Iowa 52241 , United States
| | | | | | | | - Frances L Johnson
- Viewpoint Molecular Targeting, Inc. , Coralville , Iowa 52241 , United States
| | - Michael K Schultz
- Viewpoint Molecular Targeting, Inc. , Coralville , Iowa 52241 , United States
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29
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Banerjee SR, Minn I, Kumar V, Josefsson A, Lisok A, Brummet M, Chen J, Kiess AP, Baidoo K, Brayton C, Mease RC, Brechbiel M, Sgouros G, Hobbs RF, Pomper MG. Preclinical Evaluation of 203/212Pb-Labeled Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds for Targeted Radiopharmaceutical Therapy of Prostate Cancer. J Nucl Med 2019; 61:80-88. [PMID: 31253744 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.229393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted radiopharmaceutical therapy (TRT) using α-particle radiation is a promising approach for treating both large and micrometastatic lesions. We developed prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted low-molecular-weight agents for 212Pb-based TRT of patients with prostate cancer (PC) by evaluating the matching γ-emitting surrogate, 203Pb. Methods: Five rationally designed low-molecular-weight ligands (L1-L5) were synthesized using the lysine-urea-glutamate scaffold, and PSMA inhibition constants were determined. Tissue biodistribution and SPECT/CT imaging of 203Pb-L1-203Pb-L5 were performed on mice bearing PSMA(+) PC3 PIP and PSMA(-) PC3 flu flank xenografts. The absorbed radiation dose of the corresponding 212Pb-labeled analogs was determined using the biodistribution data. Antitumor efficacy of 212Pb-L2 was evaluated in PSMA(+) PC3 PIP and PSMA(-) PC3 flu tumor models and in the PSMA(+) luciferase-expressing micrometastatic model. 212Pb-L2 was also evaluated for dose-escalated, long-term toxicity. Results: All new ligands were obtained in high yield and purity. PSMA inhibitory activities ranged from 0.10 to 17 nM. 203Pb-L1-203Pb-L5 were synthesized in high radiochemical yield and specific activity. Whole-body clearance of 203Pb-L1-203Pb-L5 was fast. The absorbed dose coefficients (mGy/kBq) of the tumor and kidneys were highest for 203Pb-L5 (31.0, 15.2) and lowest for 203Pb-L2 (8.0, 4.2). The tumor-to-kidney absorbed dose ratio was higher for 203Pb-L3 (3.2) and 203Pb-L4 (3.6) than for the other agents, but with lower tumor-to-blood ratios. PSMA(+) tumor lesions were visualized through SPECT/CT as early as 0.5 h after injection. A proof-of-concept therapy study with a single administration of 212Pb-L2 demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth in the PSMA(+) flank tumor model. 212Pb-L2 also demonstrated an increased survival benefit in the micrometastatic model compared with 177Lu-PSMA-617. Long-term toxicity studies in healthy, immunocompetent CD-1 mice revealed kidney as the dose-limiting organ. Conclusion: 203Pb-L1-203Pb-L5 demonstrated favorable pharmacokinetics for 212Pb-based TRT. The antitumor efficacy of 212Pb-L2 supports the corresponding 203Pb/212Pb theranostic pair for PSMA-based α-particle TRT in advanced PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Ray Banerjee
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland .,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Il Minn
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Anders Josefsson
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ala Lisok
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mary Brummet
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jian Chen
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ana P Kiess
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Cory Brayton
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ronnie C Mease
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - George Sgouros
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert F Hobbs
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Martin G Pomper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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30
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Yang J, Xu J, Cheuy L, Gonzalez R, Fisher DR, Miao Y. Evaluation of a Novel Pb-203-Labeled Lactam-Cyclized Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Peptide for Melanoma Targeting. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:1694-1702. [PMID: 30763112 PMCID: PMC6443429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) targeting and specificity of 203Pb-DOTA-GGNle-CycMSHhex in melanoma cells and tumors to facilitate its potential therapeutic application when labeled with 212Pb. The MC1R-specific targeting and imaging properties of 203Pb-DOTA-GGNle-CycMSHhex were determined on B16/F1 and B16/F10 murine melanoma cells and in B16/F1 flank melanoma-, B16/F10 flank melanoma-, and B16/F10 pulmonary metastatic melanoma-bearing C57 mice. 203Pb-DOTA-GGNle-CycMSHhex displayed MC1R-specific binding on B16/F1 and B16/F10 melanoma cells and tumors. B16/F1 flank melanoma, B16/F10 flank melanoma, and B16/F10 pulmonary metastatic melanoma lesions could be clearly imaged by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using 203Pb-DOTA-GGNle-CycMSHhex as an imaging probe. The favorable melanoma targeting and imaging properties highlighted the potential of 203Pb-DOTA-GGNle-CycMSHhex as a MC1R-targeting melanoma imaging probe and warranted the evaluation of 212Pb-DOTA-GGNle-CycMSHhex for melanoma therapy in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianquan Yang
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jingli Xu
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lina Cheuy
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rene Gonzalez
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Darrell R. Fisher
- Versant Medical Physics and Radiation Safety, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Yubin Miao
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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31
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Tafreshi NK, Tichacek CJ, Pandya DN, Doligalski ML, Budzevich MM, Kil H, Bhatt NB, Kock ND, Messina JL, Ruiz EE, Delva NC, Weaver A, Gibbons WR, Boulware DC, Khushalani NI, El-Haddad G, Triozzi PL, Moros EG, McLaughlin ML, Wadas TJ, Morse DL. Melanocortin 1 Receptor-Targeted α-Particle Therapy for Metastatic Uveal Melanoma. J Nucl Med 2019; 60:1124-1133. [PMID: 30733316 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.217240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
New effective therapies are greatly needed for metastatic uveal melanoma, which has a very poor prognosis with a median survival of less than 1 y. The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) is expressed in 94% of uveal melanoma metastases, and a MC1R-specific ligand (MC1RL) with high affinity and selectivity for MC1R was previously developed. Methods: The 225Ac-DOTA-MC1RL conjugate was synthesized in high radiochemical yield and purity and was tested in vitro for biostability and for MC1R-specific cytotoxicity in uveal melanoma cells, and the lanthanum-DOTA-MC1RL analog was tested for binding affinity. Non-tumor-bearing BALB/c mice were tested for maximum tolerated dose and biodistribution. Severe combined immunodeficient mice bearing uveal melanoma tumors or engineered MC1R-positive and -negative tumors were studied for biodistribution and efficacy. Radiation dosimetry was calculated using mouse biodistribution data and blood clearance kinetics from Sprague-Dawley rat data. Results: High biostability, MC1R-specific cytotoxicity, and high binding affinity were observed. Limiting toxicities were not observed at even the highest administered activities. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution studies revealed rapid blood clearance (<15 min), renal and hepatobillary excretion, MC1R-specific tumor uptake, and minimal retention in other normal tissues. Radiation dosimetry calculations determined pharmacokinetics parameters and absorbed α-emission dosages from 225Ac and its daughters. Efficacy studies demonstrated significantly prolonged survival and decreased metastasis burden after a single administration of 225Ac-DOTA-MC1RL in treated mice relative to controls. Conclusion: These results suggest significant potential for the clinical translation of 225Ac-DOTA-MC1RL as a novel therapy for metastatic uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges K Tafreshi
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Christopher J Tichacek
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.,Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.,Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Darpan N Pandya
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Michael L Doligalski
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Mikalai M Budzevich
- Small Animal Imaging Laboratory, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - HyunJoo Kil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, and Modulation Therapeutics Inc., Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Nikunj B Bhatt
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Nancy D Kock
- Section on Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jane L Messina
- Departments of Anatomic Pathology and Cutaneous Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.,Department of Dermatology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Epifanio E Ruiz
- Small Animal Imaging Laboratory, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Nella C Delva
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Adam Weaver
- Division of Research Integrity and Compliance, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - William R Gibbons
- Division of Research Integrity and Compliance, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - David C Boulware
- Biostatistics Core Facility, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Nikhil I Khushalani
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Ghassan El-Haddad
- Departments of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida; and
| | - Pierre L Triozzi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Eduardo G Moros
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.,Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.,Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Mark L McLaughlin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, and Modulation Therapeutics Inc., Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Thaddeus J Wadas
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - David L Morse
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida .,Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.,Small Animal Imaging Laboratory, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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32
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Dos Santos JC, Schäfer M, Bauder-Wüst U, Lehnert W, Leotta K, Morgenstern A, Kopka K, Haberkorn U, Mier W, Kratochwil C. Development and dosimetry of 203Pb/ 212Pb-labelled PSMA ligands: bringing "the lead" into PSMA-targeted alpha therapy? Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 46:1081-1091. [PMID: 30603987 PMCID: PMC6451745 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-018-4220-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The aims of this study were to develop a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligand for labelling with different radioisotopes of lead and to obtain an approximation of the dosimetry of a simulated 212Pb-based alpha therapy using its 203Pb imaging analogue. Methods Four novel Glu-urea-based ligands containing the chelators p-SCN-Bn-TCMC or DO3AM were synthesized. Affinity and PSMA-specific internalization were studied in C4-2 cells, and biodistribution in C4-2 tumour-bearing mice. The most promising compound, 203Pb-CA012, was transferred to clinical use. Two patients underwent planar scintigraphy scans at 0.4, 4, 18, 28 and 42 h after injection, together with urine and blood sampling. The time–activity curves of source organs were extrapolated from 203Pb to 212Pb and the calculated residence times of 212Pb were forwarded to its unstable daughter nuclides. QDOSE and OLINDA were used for dosimetry calculations. Results In vitro, all ligands showed low nanomolar binding affinities for PSMA. CA09 and CA012 additionally showed specific ligand-induced internalization of 27.4 ± 2.4 and 15.6 ± 2.1 %ID/106 cells, respectively. The 203Pb-labelled PSMA ligands were stable in serum for 72 h. In vivo, CA012 showed higher specific uptake in tumours than in other organs, and particularly showed rapid kidney clearance from 5.1 ± 2.5%ID/g at 1 h after injection to 0.9 ± 0.1%ID/g at 24 h. In patients, the estimated effective dose from 250–300 MBq of diagnostic 203Pb-CA012 was 6–7 mSv. Assuming instant decay of daughter nuclides, the equivalent doses projected from a therapeutic activity of 100 MBq of 212Pb-CA012 were 0.6 SvRBE5 to the red marrow, 4.3 SvRBE5 to the salivary glands, 4.9 SvRBE5 to the kidneys, 0.7 SvRBE5 to the liver and 0.2 SvRBE5 to other organs; representative tumour lesions averaged 13.2 SvRBE5 (where RBE5 is relative biological effectiveness factor 5). Compared to clinical experience with 213Bi-PSMA-617 and 225Ac-PSMA-617, the projected maximum tolerable dose was about 150 MBq per cycle. Conclusion 212Pb-CA012 is a promising candidate for PSMA-targeted alpha therapy of prostate cancer. The dosimetry estimate for radiopharmaceuticals decaying with the release of unstable daughter nuclides has some inherent limitations, thus clinical translation should be done cautiously. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00259-018-4220-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Dos Santos
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schäfer
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Bauder-Wüst
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Karin Leotta
- Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alfred Morgenstern
- Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, European Commission - Joint Research Centre, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Haberkorn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter Mier
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clemens Kratochwil
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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33
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Zhang C, Lin KS, Bénard F. Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy of Melanoma Targeting the Melanocortin 1 Receptor. Mol Imaging 2018; 16:1536012117737919. [PMID: 29182034 PMCID: PMC5714078 DOI: 10.1177/1536012117737919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a deadly disease at late metastatic stage, and early diagnosis and accurate staging remain the key aspects for managing melanoma. The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1 R) is overexpressed in primary and metastatic melanomas, and its endogenous ligand, the α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (αMSH), has been extensively studied for the development of MC1 R-targeted molecular imaging and therapy of melanoma. Natural αMSH is not well suited for this purpose due to low stability in vivo. Unnatural amino acid substitutions substantially stabilized the peptide, while cyclization via lactam bridge and metal coordination further improved binding affinity and stability. In this study, we summarized the development and the in vitro and in vivo characteristics of the radiolabeled αMSH analogues, including 99mTc-, 111In-, 67 Ga-, or 125I-labeled αMSH analogues for imaging with single-photon emission computed tomography; 68Ga-, 64Cu-, or 18F-labeled αMSH analogues for imaging with positron emission tomography; and 188Re-, 177Lu-, 90Y-, or 212Pb-labeled αMSH analogues for radionuclide therapy. These radiolabeled αMSH analogues showed promising results with high tumor uptake and rapid normal tissue activity clearance in the preclinical model of B16F1 and B16F10 mouse melanomas. These results highlight the potential of using radiolabeled αMSH analogues in clinical applications for molecular imaging and radionuclide therapy of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Zhang
- 1 Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- 1 Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,2 Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- 1 Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,2 Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Vera Aguilera J, Rao RD, Allred JB, Suman VJ, Windschitl HE, Kaur JS, Maples WJ, Lowe VJ, Creagan ET, Erickson LA, Markovic S. Phase II Study of Everolimus in Metastatic Malignant Melanoma (NCCTG-N0377, Alliance). Oncologist 2018; 23:887-e94. [PMID: 29666297 PMCID: PMC6156180 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2018-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lessons Learned. Everolimus does not have sufficient activity to justify its use as single agent in metastatic melanoma. Patients treated with 10 mg per day dose were most likely to require dose reductions. Everolimus appeared to reduce the numbers of regulatory T cells in approximately half of the treated patients; unfortunately, these effects were not correlated with clinical outcomes.
Background. Everolimus (RAD‐001) is an orally active rapamycin analogue shown in preclinical data to produce cytostatic cell inhibition, which may be potentially beneficial in treating melanoma. We conducted a phase II study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of everolimus in patients with unresectable metastatic melanoma (MM). Methods. This study included two cohorts; cohort 1 received 30 mg of everolimus by mouth (PO) weekly, and cohort 2 was dosed with 10 mg of everolimus PO daily. The endpoints of the study were safety, 16‐week progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and measures of immunomodulatory/antiangiogenic properties with therapy. Tumor samples before therapy and at week 8 of treatment were analyzed. Peripheral blood plasma or mononuclear cell isolates collected prior to therapy and at weeks 8 and 16 and at time of tumor progression were analyzed for vascular endothelial growth factor and regulatory T‐cell (Treg) measurements. Results. A total of 53 patients were enrolled in cohort 1 (n = 24) and cohort 2 (n = 29). Only 2 patients of the first 20 patients enrolled in cohort 2 had treatment responses (25%; 95% confidence interval, 8.6%–49.1%); this result did not allow full accrual to cohort 2, as the study was terminated for futility. Median OS was 12.2 months for cohort 1 versus 8.1 months in cohort 2; no PFS advantage was seen in either group (2.1 months vs. 1.8 months). Dose‐limiting toxicities included grade 4 myocardial ischemia (3.4%); grade 3 fatigue, mucositis, and hyperglycemia (10.3%); and anorexia and anemia (6.9%). Everolimus significantly reduced the number of Tregs in approximately half of the treated patients; however, these effects were not correlated with clinical outcomes. Conclusion. Everolimus does not have sufficient single‐agent activity in MM; however, we have identified evidence of biological activity to provide a potential rationale for future combination studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ravi D Rao
- St. Agnes Cancer Center, Fresno, California
| | | | - Vera J Suman
- Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | | | - Val J Lowe
- Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota
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35
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Kasten BB, Oliver PG, Kim H, Fan J, Ferrone S, Zinn KR, Buchsbaum DJ. 212Pb-Labeled Antibody 225.28 Targeted to Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan 4 for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Therapy in Mouse Models. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19040925. [PMID: 29561763 PMCID: PMC5979285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with a poor prognosis. There is a clinical need for effective, targeted therapy strategies that destroy both differentiated TNBC cells and TNBC cancer initiating cells (CICs), as the latter are implicated in the metastasis and recurrence of TNBC. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) is overexpressed on differentiated tumor cells and CICs obtained from TNBC patient specimens, suggesting that CSPG4 may be a clinically relevant target for the imaging and therapy of TNBC. The purpose of this study was to determine whether α-particle radioimmunotherapy (RIT) targeting TNBC cells using the CSPG4-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) 225.28 as a carrier was effective at eliminating TNBC tumors in preclinical models. To this end, mAb 225.28 labeled with 212Pb (212Pb-225.28) as a source of α-particles for RIT was used for in vitro Scatchard assays and clonogenic survival assays with human TNBC cells (SUM159 and 2LMP) grown as adherent cells or non-adherent CIC-enriched mammospheres. Immune-deficient mice bearing orthotopic SUM159 or 2LMP xenografts were injected i.v. with the targeted (225.28) or irrelevant isotype-matched control (F3-C25) mAbs, labeled with 99mTc, 125I, or 212Pb for in vivo imaging, biodistribution, or tumor growth inhibition studies. 212Pb-225.28 bound to adherent SUM159 and 2LMP cells and to CICs from SUM159 and 2LMP mammospheres with a mean affinity of 0.5 nM. Nearly ten times more binding sites per cell were present on SUM159 cells and CICs compared with 2LMP cells. 212Pb-225.28 was six to seven times more effective than 212Pb-F3-C25 at inhibiting SUM159 cell and CIC clonogenic survival (p < 0.05). Radiolabeled mAb 225.28 showed significantly higher uptake than radiolabeled mAb F3-C25 in SUM159 and 2LMP xenografts (p < 0.05), and the uptake of 212Pb-225.28 in TNBC xenografts was correlated with target epitope expression. 212Pb-225.28 caused dose-dependent growth inhibition of SUM159 xenografts; 0.30 MBq 212Pb-225.28 was significantly more effective than 0.33 MBq 212Pb-F3-C25 at inhibiting tumor growth (p < 0.01). These results suggest that CSPG4-specific 212Pb-225.28 is a useful reagent for RIT of CSPG4-expressing tumors, including metastatic TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Kasten
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Patsy G Oliver
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Harrison Kim
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Jinda Fan
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Kurt R Zinn
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Donald J Buchsbaum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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36
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Kasten BB, Gangrade A, Kim H, Fan J, Ferrone S, Ferrone CR, Zinn KR, Buchsbaum DJ. 212Pb-labeled B7-H3-targeting antibody for pancreatic cancer therapy in mouse models. Nucl Med Biol 2017; 58:67-73. [PMID: 29413459 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We recently validated monoclonal antibody (mAb) 376.96 as an effective carrier for targeted α-particle radioimmunotherapy (RIT) with 212Pb in ovarian cancer mouse models. In this study, we tested the binding of radiolabeled mAb 376.96 to human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells and localization in xenografts in immune-deficient mice and evaluated 212Pb-labeled 376.96 (212Pb-376.96) for PDAC therapy. METHODS In vitro Scatchard assays assessed the specific binding of 212Pb-376.96 to human PDAC3 adherent differentiated cells and non-adherent cancer initiating cells (CICs) dissociated from tumorspheres. In vitro clonogenic assays were used to measure the proliferation of adherent PDAC3 cells and CIC-enriched tumorspheres treated with 212Pb-376.96 or the irrelevant isotype-matched 212Pb-F3-C25. Mice bearing patient derived pancreatic cancer Panc039 xenografts were i.v. injected with 0.17-0.70 MBq 212Pb-376.96 or isotype control 212Pb-F3-C25, and used for biodistribution and tumor growth inhibition studies. Mice bearing orthotopic PDAC3 xenografts were i.v. co-injected with 99mTc-376.96 and 125I-F3-C25 and used for biodistribution studies. RESULTS 212Pb-376.96 specifically bound to PDAC3 adherent and dissociated tumorsphere CICs; Kd values averaged 9.0 and 21.7 nM, respectively, with 104-105 binding sites/cell. 212Pb-376.96 inhibited the clonogenic survival of PDAC3 cells or CICs dissociated from tumorspheres 3-6 times more effectively than isotype-matched control 212Pb-F3-C25. Panc039 s.c. tumors showed significantly higher uptake of 212Pb-376.96 (14.0 ± 2.1% ID/g) compared to 212Pb-F3-C25 (6.5 ± 0.9% ID/g, p < .001) at 24 h after dosing. Orthotopic PDAC3 tumors showed significantly higher uptake of 99mTc-376.96 (6.4 ± 1.8% ID/g) compared to 125I-F3-C25 (3.9 ± 0.9% ID/g, p < .05) at 24 h after dosing. Panc039 tumor growth was significantly inhibited by 212Pb-376.96 compared to 212Pb-F3-C25 or non-treated control tumors (p < .05). CONCLUSION Our results provide evidence for the efficacy of B7-H3 targeted RIT against preclinical models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and support future studies with 212Pb-376.96 in combination with chemotherapy to potentiate efficacy against PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Kasten
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
| | - Abhishek Gangrade
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Harrison Kim
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jinda Fan
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cristina R Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kurt R Zinn
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Donald J Buchsbaum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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37
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Shah MA, Zhang X, Rossin R, Robillard MS, Fisher DR, Bueltmann T, Hoeben FJM, Quinn TP. Metal-Free Cycloaddition Chemistry Driven Pretargeted Radioimmunotherapy Using α-Particle Radiation. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:3007-3015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manankumar A. Shah
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Harry S. Truman Veterans Administration Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201, United States
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Harry S. Truman Veterans Administration Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201, United States
| | - Raffaella Rossin
- Tagworks Pharmaceuticals, Geert
Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc S. Robillard
- Tagworks Pharmaceuticals, Geert
Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Darrell R. Fisher
- Versant Medical Physics and Radiation Safety, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Tyler Bueltmann
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | | | - Thomas P. Quinn
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Harry S. Truman Veterans Administration Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201, United States
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38
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Li M, Zhang X, Quinn TP, Lee D, Liu D, Kunkel F, Zimmerman BE, McAlister D, Olewein K, Menda Y, Mirzadeh S, Copping R, Johnson FL, Schultz MK. Automated cassette-based production of high specific activity [ 203/212Pb]peptide-based theranostic radiopharmaceuticals for image-guided radionuclide therapy for cancer. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 127:52-60. [PMID: 28521118 PMCID: PMC6295910 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A method for preparation of Pb-212 and Pb-203 labeled chelator-modified peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals for cancer imaging and radionuclide therapy has been developed and adapted for automated clinical production. Pre-concentration and isolation of radioactive Pb2+ from interfering metals in dilute hydrochloric acid was optimized using a commercially-available Pb-specific chromatography resin packed in disposable plastic columns. The pre-concentrated radioactive Pb2+ is eluted in NaOAc buffer directly to the reaction vessel containing chelator-modified peptides. Radiolabeling was found to proceed efficiently at 85°C (45min; pH 5.5). The specific activity of radiolabeled conjugates was optimized by separation of radiolabeled conjugates from unlabeled peptide via HPLC. Preservation of bioactivity was confirmed by in vivo biodistribution of Pb-203 and Pb-212 labeled peptides in melanoma-tumor-bearing mice. The approach has been found to be robustly adaptable to automation and a cassette-based fluid-handling system (Modular Lab Pharm Tracer) has been customized for clinical radiopharmaceutical production. Our findings demonstrate that the Pb-203/Pb-212 combination is a promising elementally-matched radionuclide pair for image-guided radionuclide therapy for melanoma, neuroendocrine tumors, and potentially other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshi Li
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Thomas P Quinn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Dongyoul Lee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Dijie Liu
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Falk Kunkel
- Eckert & Ziegler Radiopharma GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brian E Zimmerman
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Yusuf Menda
- Department of Radiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Saed Mirzadeh
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, The US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Roy Copping
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, The US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Frances L Johnson
- Viewpoint Molecular Targeting, LLC, Coralville, IA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael K Schultz
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Radiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Viewpoint Molecular Targeting, LLC, Coralville, IA, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology (Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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Kossert K. Half-life measurement of 212 Pb by means of a liquid scintillator-based 220 Rn trap. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 125:15-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Vera-Aguilera J, Perez-Torres A, Beltran D, Villanueva-Ramos C, Wachtel M, Moreno-Aguilera E, Vera-Aguilera C, Ventolini G, Martínez-Zaguilán R, Sennoune SR. Novel Treatment of Melanoma: Combined Parasite-Derived Peptide GK-1 and Anti-Programmed Death Ligand 1 Therapy. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2017; 32:49-56. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2016.2123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Vera-Aguilera
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Division of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Internal Medicine, School of Medicine at the Permian Basin, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Odessa, Texas
| | - Armando Perez-Torres
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Diego Beltran
- Internal Medicine, School of Medicine at the Permian Basin, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Odessa, Texas
| | - Cynthia Villanueva-Ramos
- Family Medicine, School of Medicine at the Permian Basin, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Odessa, Texas
| | - Mitchell Wachtel
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Eduardo Moreno-Aguilera
- Servicio de Gastrocirugía, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Carlos Vera-Aguilera
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Gary Ventolini
- Internal Medicine, School of Medicine at the Permian Basin, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Odessa, Texas
| | - Raul Martínez-Zaguilán
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Souad R. Sennoune
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
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Abstract
An estimated 60,000 individuals in the United States and 132,000 worldwide are yearly diagnosed with melanoma. Until recently, treatment options for patients with stages III-IV metastatic disease were limited and offered marginal, if any, improvement in overall survival. The situation changed with the introduction of B-RAF inhibitors and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 and anti-programmed cell death protein 1 immunotherapies into the clinical practice. With only some patients responding well to the immune therapies and with very serious side effects and high costs of immunotherapy, there is still room for other approaches for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Targeted radionuclide therapy of melanoma could be divided into the domains of radioimmunotherapy (RIT), radiolabeled peptides, and radiolabeled small molecules. RIT of melanoma is currently experiencing a renaissance with the clinical trials of alpha-emitter (213)Bi-labeled and beta-emitter (188)Rhenium-labeled monoclonal antibodies in patients with metastatic melanoma producing encouraging results. The investigation of the mechanism of efficacy of melanoma RIT points at killing of melanoma stem cells by RIT and involvement of immune system such as complement-dependent cytotoxicity. The domain of radiolabeled peptides for targeted melanoma therapy has been preclinical so far, with work concentrated on radiolabeled peptide analogues of melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor and on melanin-binding peptides. The field of radiolabeled small molecule produced radioiodinated benzamides that cross the cellular membrane and bind to the intracellular melanin. The recent clinical trial demonstrated measurable antitumor effects and no acute or midterm toxicities. We are hopeful that the targeted radionuclide therapy of metastatic melanoma would become a clinical reality as a stand-alone therapy or in combination with the immunotherapies such as anti-PD1 programmed cell death protein 1 monoclonal antibodies within the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Norain
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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Sarkar K, Lahiri S, Sen K. Separation of no-carrier-added 203Pb, a surrogate radioisotope, from proton irradiated natTl2CO3 target using calcium alginate hydrogel beads. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2016-2622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
203Pb is a promising radioisotope in the field of medical science as an imaging surrogate of 212Pb. In the present investigation 203Pb was produced by proton irradiation of natural Tl2CO3 target and was separated from the bulk Tl target using calcium alginate (CA) hydrogel beads with a high separation factor (3.8×104 at 10−3 M HNO3). During the separation process 203Pb was encapsulated in CA beads and desorption of the radioisotope could only be achieved in 1M HNO3. Possibility of Tl uptake was also checked in Fe doped CA (Fe-CA) beads after oxidation of Tl(I) to Tl(III) by sodium bismuthate. No significant uptake of Tl(III) was noticed in the Fe-CA beads. The matrix is therefore suitable for isolation of 203Pb from the target as well as its storage in the bead for therapeutic as well as diagnostic purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkana Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, APC Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Susanta Lahiri
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Kamalika Sen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, APC Road, Kolkata 700009, India
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Carta D, Salvarese N, Morellato N, Gao F, Sihver W, Pietzsch HJ, Biondi B, Ruzza P, Refosco F, Carpanese D, Rosato A, Bolzati C. Melanoma targeting with [ 99mTc(N)(PNP3)]-labeled α-melanocyte stimulating hormone peptide analogs: Effects of cyclization on the radiopharmaceutical properties. Nucl Med Biol 2016; 43:788-801. [PMID: 27694057 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of cyclization on the biological profile of a [99mTc(N)(PNP3)]-labeled α-melanocyte stimulating hormone peptide analog. A lactam bridge-cyclized H-Cys-Ahx-βAla3-c[Lys4-Glu-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Glu10]-Arg11-Pro-Val-NH2 (NAP-NS2) and the corresponding linear H-Cys-Ahx-βAla-Nle-Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-NH2 (NAP-NS1) peptide were synthetized, characterized by ESI-MS spectroscopy and their melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) binding affinity was determined in B16/F10 melanoma cells. The consistent [99mTc(N)(PNP3)]-labeled compounds were readily obtained in high specific activity and their stability and biological properties were assessed. As an example, the chemical identity of [99mTc(N)(NAP-NS1)(PNP3)]+ was confirmed by carrier added experiments supported by radio/UV HPLC analysis combined with ESI(+)-MS. Compared with the linear peptide, cyclization negatively affected the biological properties of NAP-NS2 peptide by reducing its binding affinity for MC1R and by decreasing the overall excretion rate of the corresponding [99mTc(N)(PNP3)]-labeled peptide from the body as well as its in vivo stability. [99mTc(N)(NAP-NS1)(PNP3)]+ was evaluated for its potential as melanoma imaging probe in murine melanoma model. Data from in vitro and in vivo studies on B16/F10 melanoma model of [99mTc(N)(NAP-NS1)(PNP3)]+ clearly evidenced that the radiolabeled linear peptide keeps its biological properties up on the conjugation to the [99mTc(N)(PNP3)]-building block. The progressive increase of the tumor-to-nontarget ratios over the time indicates a quite stable interaction between the radio-complex and the MC1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Carta
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Nicolò Morellato
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Feng Gao
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wiebke Sihver
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans Jurgen Pietzsch
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Debora Carpanese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Gastroenterologiche, University of Padova, Via Gattamelata, 64, 35138 Padova
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Gastroenterologiche, University of Padova, Via Gattamelata, 64, 35138 Padova,; Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata, 64, 35128 Padova, Italy
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Máthé D, Szigeti K, Hegedűs N, Horváth I, Veres DS, Kovács B, Szűcs Z. Production and in vivo imaging of (203)Pb as a surrogate isotope for in vivo (212)Pb internal absorbed dose studies. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 114:1-6. [PMID: 27156049 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
(212)Pb is a clinically relevant therapeutic alpha emitter isotope. A surrogate, (203)Pb, if prepared with sufficiently high specific activity could be used to estimate (212)Pb in vivo absorbed doses. An improved production procedure of (203)Pb with a simple, new separation method and high specific radioactivity for imaging is reported. We determined the in-vivo biodistribution of (203)Pb in mice by SPECT/CT. This highlights application possibilities of (203)Pb for further in vivo and clinical uses (radiolabeled (212)Pb-peptide co-injection, dosimetry calculation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Domokos Máthé
- CROmed Research Centers Ltd., Baross utca 91-95, H-1047 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Krisztián Szigeti
- Dept. of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Nikolett Hegedűs
- Dept. of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ildikó Horváth
- Dept. of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Dániel S Veres
- Dept. of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Béla Kovács
- Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán Szűcs
- Dept. of Cyclotron Application, MTA Atomki, Bem tér 18/c, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary.
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Imaging, biodistribution, and toxicology evaluation of (212)Pb-TCMC-trastuzumab in nonhuman primates. Nucl Med Biol 2016; 43:391-6. [PMID: 27179247 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The biodistribution and toxicology of a radiotherapeutic (212)Pb-trastuzumab conjugate were evaluated in nonhuman primates to meet the investigational new drug requirements prior to a phase I clinical trial in human subjects. METHODS Male cynomolgus monkeys (n=3/group) were injected intraperitoneally with the (212)Pb-trastuzumab conjugate and terminated at 8h, 10d, and 90d post-injection. Quantitative imaging studies in phantoms and monkeys were conducted using a planar gamma camera and a high purity germanium (HPGe) detector out to 48h following injection. Biodistribution analyses were conducted at 8h; all tissues and time points were evaluated for macroscopic and microscopic pathology. Blood samples were taken throughout the 90d study period for assessment of hematology parameters and serum chemistry parameters. RESULTS Quantitative gamma camera imaging and region-of-interest analyses of phantoms and monkeys indicated that 95.5±5.0% of the decay-corrected (212)Pb activity was retained in the peritoneal region up to 48h following administration of the (212)Pb-trastuzumab. Gamma-ray spectroscopy analyses confirmed that 87.6±4.5% of the decay-corrected (212)Bi activity was also retained in the peritoneal cavity during this time. Serum chemistry parameters for all groups always fell within normal ranges. Gross and histopathology evaluations showed no radiation-related toxicity in any tissue at any time. CONCLUSION In vivo imaging and biodistribution analyses showed that about 90% of both (212)Pb and decay product (212)Bi remained in the monkey peritoneal cavity. The imaging methods could also be applied to human subjects. The lack of toxicity observed in monkeys following intraperitoneal injection of the (212)Pb-trastuzumab conjugate supports its clinical assessment in humans.
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Vasiliev AN, Ostapenko VS, Lapshina EV, Ermolaev SV, Danilov SS, Zhuikov BL, Kalmykov SN. Recovery of Ra-223 from natural thorium irradiated by protons. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2015-2549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Irradiation of natural thorium with medium-energy protons is considered to be a prospective approach to large-scale production of 225Ac and 223Ra. In addition to the earlier-developed method of 225Ac isolation, the present work focuses on the simultaneous recovery of.223Ra from the same thorium target. Radiochemical procedure is based on liquid-liquid extraction, cation exchange and extraction chromatography. The procedure provides separation of radium from spallation and fission products generated in the thorium target. High chemical yield (85– 90%) and radionuclide purity of 223Ra (> 99.8% except 224Raand 225Ra isotopes) have been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr N. Vasiliev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow-Troitsk, Russia
| | - Valentina S. Ostapenko
- Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow-Troitsk, Russia
| | - Elena V. Lapshina
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow-Troitsk, Russia
| | - Stanislav V. Ermolaev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow-Troitsk, Russia
| | | | - Boris L. Zhuikov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow-Troitsk, Russia
| | - Stepan N. Kalmykov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow-Troitsk, Russia
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Brown MP, Bezak E, Allen BJ. The potential complementary role of targeted alpha therapy in the management of metastatic melanoma. Melanoma Manag 2015; 2:353-366. [PMID: 30190863 DOI: 10.2217/mmt.15.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Standard treatments for metastatic melanoma have recently extended survival although many patients still succumb. Targeted alpha therapy (TAT) is a new therapeutic approach in which a cancer-targeting vector is labeled with an alpha-emitting radioisotope. Alpha-particles have the shortest range and highest energy transfer, and produce localized, high-density and lethal ionization damage to DNA. Thus, the targeted radiation can kill isolated cancer cells circulating in blood and lymphatic vessels, regress metastatic cancer cell clusters, and disrupt the vasculature of solid tumors. Preclinical and clinical studies of TAT for metastatic melanoma demonstrate its safety and anti-tumor activity. We recommend ways in which TAT can be used to treat small-volume disease sometimes in conjunction with cytoreductive anti-melanoma therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Brown
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology & University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Cancer Clinical Trials Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology & University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Cancer Clinical Trials Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Eva Bezak
- International Centre for Allied Health Evidence, Sansom Insitute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,Sansom Insitute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,International Centre for Allied Health Evidence, Sansom Insitute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,Sansom Insitute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Barry J Allen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
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Extraction chromatographic behavior of actinium and REE on DGA, Ln and TRU resins in nitric acid solutions. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4331-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Tc-99m-labeled RGD-conjugated alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone hybrid peptides with reduced renal uptake. Amino Acids 2015; 47:813-23. [PMID: 25557051 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1911-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine whether the replacement of the positively-charged Lys or Arg linker with a neutral linker could reduce the renal uptake of Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-conjugated alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) hybrid peptide. The RGD motif {cyclic(Arg-Gly-Asp-DTyr-Asp)} was coupled to [Cys(3,4,10), D-Phe(7), Arg(11)]α-MSH3-13 {(Arg(11))CCMSH} through the neutral βAla or Ahx {aminohexanoic acid} linker (replacing the Lys or Arg linker) to generate novel RGD-βAla-(Arg(11))CCMSH and RGD-Ahx-(Arg(11))CCMSH hybrid peptides. The receptor-binding affinity and cytotoxicity of RGD-βAla-(Arg(11))CCMSH and RGD-Ahx-(Arg(11))CCMSH were determined in B16/F1 melanoma cells. The melanoma targeting and imaging properties of (99m)Tc-RGD-βAla-(Arg(11))CCMSH and (99m)Tc-RGD-Ahx-(Arg(11))CCMSH were determined in B16/F1 melanoma-bearing C57 mice. The replacement of the Lys or Arg linker with the βAla or Ahx linker retained nanomolar receptor-binding affinities and remarkable cytotoxicity of RGD-βAla-(Arg(11))CCMSH and RGD-Ahx-(Arg(11))CCMSH. The receptor-binding affinities of RGD-βAla-(Arg(11))CCMSH and RGD-Ahx-(Arg(11))CCMSH were 0.8 ± 0.05 and 1.3 ± 0.1 nM. Three-hour incubation with 0.1 µM of RGD-βAla-(Arg(11))CCMSH and RGD-Ahx-(Arg(11))CCMSH decreased the survival percentages of B16/F1 cells by 71 and 67 % as compared to the untreated control cells 5 days post the treatment. The replacement of the Arg linker with the βAla or Ahx linker reduced the non-specific renal uptake of (99m)Tc-RGD-βAla-(Arg(11))CCMSH and (99m)Tc-RGD-Ahx-(Arg(11))CCMSH by 62 and 61 % at 2 h post-injection. (99m)Tc-RGD-βAla-(Arg(11))CCMSH displayed higher melanoma uptake than (99m)Tc-RGD-Ahx-(Arg(11))CCMSH at 0.5, 2, 4, and 24 h post-injection. Enhanced tumor to kidney uptake ratio of (99m)Tc-RGD-βAla-(Arg(11))CCMSH warranted the further evaluation of (188)Re-labeled RGD-βAla-(Arg(11))CCMSH as a novel MC1 receptor-targeting therapeutic peptide for melanoma treatment in the future.
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Bu L, Shen B, Cheng Z. Fluorescent imaging of cancerous tissues for targeted surgery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 76:21-38. [PMID: 25064553 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To maximize tumor excision and minimize collateral damage are the primary goals of cancer surgery. Emerging molecular imaging techniques have made "image-guided surgery" developed into "molecular imaging-guided surgery", which is termed as "targeted surgery" in this review. Consequently, the precision of surgery can be advanced from tissue-scale to molecule-scale, enabling "targeted surgery" to be a component of "targeted therapy". Evidence from numerous experimental and clinical studies has demonstrated significant benefits of fluorescent imaging in targeted surgery with preoperative molecular diagnostic screening. Fluorescent imaging can help to improve intraoperative staging and enable more radical cytoreduction, detect obscure tumor lesions in special organs, highlight tumor margins, better map lymph node metastases, and identify important normal structures intraoperatively. Though limited tissue penetration of fluorescent imaging and tumor heterogeneity are two major hurdles for current targeted surgery, multimodality imaging and multiplex imaging may provide potential solutions to overcome these issues, respectively. Moreover, though many fluorescent imaging techniques and probes have been investigated, targeted surgery remains at a proof-of-principle stage. The impact of fluorescent imaging on cancer surgery will likely be realized through persistent interdisciplinary amalgamation of research in diverse fields.
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