1
|
Shigeta N, Yokose T, Murakami S, Isaka T, Shinada K, Yoshioka E, Narita A, Katakura K, Kondo T, Kato T, Nagashima T, Saito H, Ito H. Mutation profile and programmed death ligand 1 status of patients with non-small cell lung cancer diagnosed with "adenocarcinoma" and "non-small cell carcinoma favor adenocarcinoma". Thorac Cancer 2024; 15:458-465. [PMID: 38197164 PMCID: PMC10883860 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The terminology for lung cancer diagnosis in small biopsies was adopted in the 2015 World Health Organization classification. If non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has no clear adenocarcinoma (AD) or squamous cell carcinoma morphology, the tumor is further classified based on mucin or immunohistochemical staining as NSCLC favor AD (NFAD), NSCLC favor squamous cell carcinoma, or NSCLC not otherwise specified. Since this new term was defined, the difference between AD and NFAD has not yet been fully explored. This study aimed to examine the differences in clinical background, gene alteration frequency, and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. METHODS We included patients diagnosed with AD or NFAD with small samples, and who underwent testing with the Oncomine Dx target test between August 2019 and April 2023 in Kanagawa Cancer Center. RESULTS This study comprised 268 patients. A total of 96 patients underwent surgery after AD or NFAD diagnosis. The clinical stage was more advanced and pathological N0 was lower in NFAD than in AD. The pathology of the surgical specimens revealed that solid predominant AD was significantly more common in NFAD than in AD (p < 0.001). In both AD and NFAD, EGFR mutation was the most frequent gene alteration, followed by KRAS mutation. The frequency of EGFR mutations was significantly higher in AD than in NFAD. PD-L1 expression was significantly higher in NFAD than in AD (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study shows a clear difference between AD and NFAD in terms of cancer progression, pathological features of the main tumor, genetic characteristics, and PD-L1 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Shigeta
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaJapan
| | | | - Shuji Murakami
- Department of Thoracic OncologyKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Tetsuya Isaka
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Kanako Shinada
- Department of Thoracic OncologyKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Emi Yoshioka
- Department of PathologyKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Atsuya Narita
- Department of Thoracic OncologyKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Kengo Katakura
- Department of Thoracic OncologyKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Tetsuro Kondo
- Department of Thoracic OncologyKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Terufumi Kato
- Department of Thoracic OncologyKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Takuya Nagashima
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Haruhiro Saito
- Department of Thoracic OncologyKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Ito
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rai GP, Shanker A. Coevolution-based computational approach to detect resistance mechanism of epidermal growth factor receptor. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119592. [PMID: 37730130 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) correlates the neoplastic cell metastasis, angiogenesis, neoplastic incursion, and apoptosis. Due to the involvement of EGFR in these biological processes, it becomes a most potent target for treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have endorsed high efficacy and anticipation to patients but unfortunately, within a year of treatment, drug targets develop resistance due to mutations. The present study detected the compensatory mutations in EGFR to know the evolutionary mechanism of drug resistance. The results of this study demonstrate that compensatory mutations enlarge the drug-binding pocket which may lead to the altered orientation of the ligand (gefitinib and erlotinib) causing drug resistance. This indicates that coevolutionary forces play a significant role in fine-tuning the structure of EGFR protein against the drugs. The analysis provides insight into the evolution-induced structural aspects of drug resistance changes in EGFR which in turn be useful in designing drugs with better efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gyan Prakash Rai
- Department of Bioinformatics, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar 824236, India
| | - Asheesh Shanker
- Department of Bioinformatics, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar 824236, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chakraborty J, Chakraborty S, Chakraborty S, Narayan MN. Entanglement of MAPK pathways with gene expression and its omnipresence in the etiology for cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2023; 1866:194988. [PMID: 37739217 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2023.194988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) is one of the most well characterized cellular signaling pathways that controls fundamental cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. These cellular functions are consequences of transcription of regulatory genes that are influenced and regulated by the MAP-Kinase signaling cascade. MAP kinase components such as Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) sense external cues or ligands and transmit these signals via multiple protein complexes such as RAS-RAF, MEK, and ERKs and eventually modulate the transcription factors inside the nucleus to induce transcription and other regulatory functions. Aberrant activation, dysregulation of this signaling pathway, and genetic alterations in any of these components results in the developmental disorders, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. Over the years, the MAPK pathway has been a prime pharmacological target, to treat complex human disorders that are genetically linked such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The current review re-visits the mechanism of MAPK pathways in gene expression regulation. Further, a current update on the progress of the mechanistic understanding of MAPK components is discussed from a disease perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joydeep Chakraborty
- Institute for Advancing Health through Agriculture, Texas A&M Agrilife, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Sayan Chakraborty
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Sohag Chakraborty
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program (HOPP), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Mahesh N Narayan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas, El Paso, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lam DCL, Liam CK, Andarini S, Park S, Tan DSW, Singh N, Jang SH, Vardhanabhuti V, Ramos AB, Nakayama T, Nhung NV, Ashizawa K, Chang YC, Tscheikuna J, Van CC, Chan WY, Lai YH, Yang PC. Lung Cancer Screening in Asia: An Expert Consensus Report. J Thorac Oncol 2023; 18:1303-1322. [PMID: 37390982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The incidence and mortality of lung cancer are highest in Asia compared with Europe and USA, with the incidence and mortality rates being 34.4 and 28.1 per 100,000 respectively in East Asia. Diagnosing lung cancer at early stages makes the disease amenable to curative treatment and reduces mortality. In some areas in Asia, limited availability of robust diagnostic tools and treatment modalities, along with variations in specific health care investment and policies, make it necessary to have a more specific approach for screening, early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with lung cancer in Asia compared with the West. METHOD A group of 19 advisors across different specialties from 11 Asian countries, met on a virtual Steering Committee meeting, to discuss and recommend the most affordable and accessible lung cancer screening modalities and their implementation, for the Asian population. RESULTS Significant risk factors identified for lung cancer in smokers in Asia include age 50 to 75 years and smoking history of more than or equal to 20 pack-years. Family history is the most common risk factor for nonsmokers. Low-dose computed tomography screening is recommended once a year for patients with screening-detected abnormality and persistent exposure to risk factors. However, for high-risk heavy smokers and nonsmokers with risk factors, reassessment scans are recommended at an initial interval of 6 to 12 months with subsequent lengthening of reassessment intervals, and it should be stopped in patients more than 80 years of age or are unable or unwilling to undergo curative treatment. CONCLUSIONS Asian countries face several challenges in implementing low-dose computed tomography screening, such as economic limitations, lack of efforts for early detection, and lack of specific government programs. Various strategies are suggested to overcome these challenges in Asia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Chi-Leung Lam
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong-Kin Liam
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sita Andarini
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Samina Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Daniel S W Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore; Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Navneet Singh
- Lung Cancer Clinic, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Seung Hun Jang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Varut Vardhanabhuti
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Antonio B Ramos
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Anesthesia, Lung Center of the Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Tomio Nakayama
- Division of Screening Assessment and Management, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Japan
| | - Nguyen Viet Nhung
- Vietnam National Lung Hospital, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, VNU Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kazuto Ashizawa
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yeun-Chung Chang
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jamsak Tscheikuna
- Division of Respiratory Disease and Tuberculosis, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Wai Yee Chan
- Imaging Department, Gleneagles Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Jalan Ampang, 50450 Kuala Lumpur; Department of Biomedical Imaging, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yeur-Hur Lai
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan & National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Song Y, Zhou J, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Xu X, Zhang D, Pang J, Bao H, Ji Y, Zhan M, Wang Y, Ou Q, Hu J. Lineage tracing for multiple lung cancer by spatiotemporal heterogeneity using a multi-omics analysis method integrating genomic, transcriptomic, and immune-related features. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1237308. [PMID: 37799479 PMCID: PMC10548834 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1237308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The distinction between multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC) and intrapulmonary metastasis (IPM) holds clinical significance in staging, therapeutic intervention, and prognosis assessment for multiple lung cancer. Lineage tracing by clinicopathologic features alone remains a clinical challenge; thus, we aimed to develop a multi-omics analysis method delineating spatiotemporal heterogeneity based on tumor genomic profiling. Methods Between 2012 and 2022, 11 specimens were collected from two patients diagnosed with multiple lung cancer (LU1 and LU2) with synchronous/metachronous tumors. A novel multi-omics analysis method based on whole-exome sequencing, transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq), and tumor neoantigen prediction was developed to define the lineage. Traditional clinicopathologic reviews and an imaging-based algorithm were performed to verify the results. Results Seven tissue biopsies were collected from LU1. The multi-omics analysis method demonstrated that three synchronous tumors observed in 2018 (LU1B/C/D) had strong molecular heterogeneity, various RNA expression and immune microenvironment characteristics, and unique neoantigens. These results suggested that LU1B, LU1C, and LU1D were MPLC, consistent with traditional lineage tracing approaches. The high mutational landscape similarity score (75.1%), similar RNA expression features, and considerable shared neoantigens (n = 241) revealed the IPM relationship between LU1F and LU1G which were two samples detected simultaneously in 2021. Although the multi-omics analysis method aligned with the imaging-based algorithm, pathology and clinicopathologic approaches suggested MPLC owing to different histological types of LU1F/G. Moreover, controversial lineage or misclassification of LU2's synchronous/metachronous samples (LU2B/D and LU2C/E) traced by traditional approaches might be corrected by the multi-omics analysis method. Spatiotemporal heterogeneity profiled by the multi-omics analysis method suggested that LU2D possibly had the same lineage as LU2B (similarity score, 12.9%; shared neoantigens, n = 71); gefitinib treatment and EGFR, TP53, and RB1 mutations suggested the possibility that LU2E might result from histology transformation of LU2C despite the lack of LU2C biopsy and its histology. By contrast, histological interpretation was indeterminate for LU2D, and LU2E was defined as a primary or progression lesion of LU2C by histological, clinicopathologic, or imaging-based approaches. Conclusion This novel multi-omics analysis method improves the accuracy of lineage tracing by tracking the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of serial samples. Further validation is required for its clinical application in accurate diagnosis, disease management, and improving prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiebai Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhao
- Geneseeq Research Institute, Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobo Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Geriatric Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaohui Pang
- Geneseeq Research Institute, Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, China
| | - Hairong Bao
- Geneseeq Research Institute, Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Ji
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengna Zhan
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuxiang Ou
- Geneseeq Research Institute, Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Geriatric Center, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kuśnierczyk P. Genetic differences between smokers and never-smokers with lung cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1063716. [PMID: 36817482 PMCID: PMC9932279 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1063716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking is a major risk factor for lung cancer, therefore lung cancer epidemiological trends reflect the past trends of cigarette smoking to a great extent. The geographic patterns in mortality closely follow those in incidence. Although lung cancer is strongly associated with cigarette smoking, only about 15% of smokers get lung cancer, and also some never-smokers develop this malignancy. Although less frequent, lung cancer in never smokers is the seventh leading cause of cancer deaths in both sexes worldwide. Lung cancer in smokers and never-smokers differs in many aspects: in histological types, environmental factors representing a risk, and in genes associated with this disease. In this review, we will focus on the genetic differences between lung cancer in smokers versus never-smokers: gene expression, germ-line polymorphisms, gene mutations, as well as ethnic and gender differences. Finally, treatment options for smokers and never-smokers will be briefly reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kuśnierczyk
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Evaluating Real World Mutational Differences Between Hispanics and Asians in NSCLC at a Large Academic Institution in Los Angeles. Clin Lung Cancer 2022; 23:e443-e452. [PMID: 35902325 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hispanics living in the United States have higher rates of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) mutations compared with Non-Hispanic Whites. While this higher incidence is like Asian patients living in the United States, the outcomes for Hispanic patients differ. We looked to compare the variances in mutational profiles between Hispanics and Asians in Los Angeles. PATIENTS AND METHODS Three hundred ninety three non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated at Los Angeles County + University of Southern California (LAC + USC) Medical Center and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center who received comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) were evaluated from July 2017 to August 2020. CGP was done using tissue biopsies (n = 211) from Caris Life Sciences and liquid biopsies (n = 231) from Guardant Health. Multivariate logistic regression evaluated the role of race between Hispanics and Asians. RESULTS In the Hispanic cohort (n = 90), 50.0% were male, median age of diagnosis was 62, 54.5% were non-smokers, and 85.5% had adenocarcinoma. In Asians (n = 142), 47.5% were male, median age of diagnosis was 65, 59.6% were non-smokers, and 83.8% had adenocarcinoma. Hispanic patients had greater prevalence of Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) mutations (odds ratio [OR] 4.42, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.63-12.83) and lesser prevalence of EGFR mutations (OR 0.31, 95% CI: 0.16-0.59). There were a greater proportion of Hispanic smokers with KRAS mutations (14/41; 34.1%) than Asian smokers (4/58; 6.9%). CONCLUSION We saw a greater percentage of Hispanics with KRAS mutations despite similar smoking percentages along with a greater percentage of Asians with EGFR mutations. This study shows that ethnic and racial backgrounds of the patient can influence the effects of potentially carcinogenic exposures leading to variances of mutation frequency of NSCLC among different ethnicities.
Collapse
|
8
|
Mousavi N, Truelsen SLB, Bernth-Andersen S, Koch A, Heegaard S. Mutation of KRAS in colorectal adenocarcinoma in Greenland. APMIS 2022; 130:493-497. [PMID: 35655437 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
KRAS mutation is one of the most frequent driver mutations in colorectal cancer (CRC) and is also a prognostic biomarker. The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of KRAS mutations over time in the Greenlandic population diagnosed with CRC. In total, 578 patients with the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma between 1988 and 2017 were identified. The status of KRAS and the mutational subtypes of KRAS mutations were determined in 102 representative samples by the Idylla™ platform in the time periods 1988-1990, 2002-2004, and 2015-2017. The results showed that the frequency of the KRAS mutations increased significantly, from 27% in 1988-1990 to 43% in 2015-2017 (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the most frequent subtypes of KRAS mutations in Greenland were G12D (c.35G > A) with 14%, G12V (c.35G > T) with 7%, and G13D (c.38G > A) with 6%. In conclusion, this study showed that the frequency of KRAS mutations in CRC has been increasing in recent decades in the specific population of Greenland. The results of this study may be used in initiatives related to targeted therapy of CRC in specific ethnicities and in investigations focusing on the environmental factors of cancer-related somatic mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nabi Mousavi
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Anders Koch
- Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Ilisimatusarfik, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen Heegaard
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Subbarayan K, Massa C, Leisz S, Steven A, Bethmann D, Biehl K, Wickenhauser C, Seliger B. Biglycan as a potential regulator of tumorgenicity and immunogenicity in K-RAS-transformed cells. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2069214. [PMID: 35529675 PMCID: PMC9067524 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2069214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix component biglycan (BGN) plays an essential role in various physiological and pathophysiological processes. A deficient BGN expression associated with reduced immunogenicity was found in HER-2/neu-overexpressing cells. To determine whether BGN is suppressed by oncogene-driven regulatory networks, the expression and function of BGN was analyzed in murine and human BGNlow/BGNhigh K-RASG12V-transformed model systems as well as in different patients' datasets of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) lesions. K-RAS-mutated CRC tissues expressed low BGN mRNA and protein levels when compared to normal colon epithelial cells, which was associated with a reduced patients' survival. Transfection of BGN in murine and human BGNlow K-RAS-expressing cells resulted in a reduced growth and migration of BGNhigh vs BGNlow K-RAS cells. In addition, increased MHC class I surface antigens as a consequence of an enhanced antigen processing machinery component expression was found upon restoration of BGN, which was confirmed by RNA-sequencing of BGNlow vs. BGNhigh K-RAS models. Furthermore, a reduced tumor formation of BGNhigh versus BGNlow K-RAS-transformed fibroblasts associated with an enhanced MHC class I expression and an increased frequency of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in tumor lesions was found. Our data provide for the first time an inverse link between BGN and K-RAS expression in murine and human K-RAS-overexpressing models and CRC lesions associated with altered growth properties, reduced immunogenicity and worse patients' outcome. Therefore, reversion of BGN might be a novel therapeutic option for K-RAS-associated malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Subbarayan
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Chiara Massa
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Sandra Leisz
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - André Steven
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Daniel Bethmann
- Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Katharina Biehl
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Claudia Wickenhauser
- Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li HS, Liu CM, Wang Y. Limited role of KRAS mutation in guiding immunotherapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Future Oncol 2022; 18:2433-2443. [PMID: 35440164 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-1488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of sotorasib (AMG-510) and adagrasib (MRTX-849) has resolved the problem of non-availability of drugs for patients with KRASG12C-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer. However, more research is required before these drugs can be introduced as a first-line treatment for those patients, and there are no available drugs for other non-G12C-mutated patients so far; therefore, immunotherapy remains the optimal first-line treatment in this situation. The role of KRAS in affecting the response to immunotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this review was to summarize the impact of KRAS mutations, a highly heterogeneous group, on immunotherapy to provide clinicians and researchers with relevant information that can help guide decision-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Shuai Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Cheng-Ming Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
DNAzymes, Novel Therapeutic Agents in Cancer Therapy: A Review of Concepts to Applications. J Nucleic Acids 2021; 2021:9365081. [PMID: 34760318 PMCID: PMC8575636 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9365081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed a rapid evolution in cancer drug research which is aimed at developing active biological interventions to regulate cancer-specific molecular targets. Nucleic acid-based therapeutics, including ribozymes, antisense oligonucleotides, small interference RNA (siRNA), aptamer, and DNAzymes, have emerged as promising candidates regulating cancer-specific genes at either the transcriptional or posttranscriptional level. Gene-specific catalytic DNA molecules, or DNAzymes, have shown promise as a therapeutic intervention against cancer in various in vitro and in vivo models, expediting towards clinical applications. DNAzymes are single-stranded catalytic DNA that has not been observed in nature, and they are synthesized through in vitro selection processes from a large pool of random DNA libraries. The intrinsic properties of DNAzymes like small molecular weight, higher stability, excellent programmability, diversity, and low cost have brought them to the forefront of the nucleic acid-based therapeutic arsenal available for cancers. In recent years, considerable efforts have been undertaken to assess a variety of DNAzymes against different cancers. However, their therapeutic application is constrained by the low delivery efficiency, cellular uptake, and target detection within the tumour microenvironment. Thus, there is a pursuit to identify efficient delivery methods in vivo before the full potential of DNAzymes in cancer therapy is realized. In this light, a review of the recent advances in the use of DNAzymes against cancers in preclinical and clinical settings is valuable to understand its potential as effective cancer therapy. We have thus sought to firstly provide a brief overview of construction and recent improvements in the design of DNAzymes. Secondly, this review stipulates the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of DNAzymes developed against major hallmarks of cancers tested in preclinical and clinical settings. Lastly, the recent advances in DNAzyme delivery systems along with the challenges and prospects for the clinical application of DNAzymes as cancer therapy are also discussed.
Collapse
|
12
|
Serna-Blasco R, Sánchez-Herrero E, Sanz-Moreno S, Rodriguez-Festa A, García-Veros E, Casarrubios M, Sierra-Rodero B, Laza-Briviesca R, Cruz-Bermúdez A, Mielgo-Rubio X, Sánchez-Hernández A, Uribelarrea EA, Calvo V, Romero A, Provencio M. KRAS p.G12C mutation occurs in 1% of EGFR-mutated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients progressing on a first-line treatment with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. ESMO Open 2021; 6:100279. [PMID: 34607284 PMCID: PMC8493588 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background KRAS is mutated in ∼30% of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) but it has also been identified as one of the mechanisms underlying resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in EGFR-positive NSCLC patients. Novel KRAS inhibitors targeting KRAS p.G12C mutation have been developed recently with promising results. The proportion of EGFR-positive NSCLC tumours harbouring the KRAS p.G12C mutation upon disease progression is completely unexplored. Materials and methods Plasma samples from 512 EGFR-positive advanced NSCLC patients progressing on a first first-line treatment with a TKI were collected. The presence of KRAS p.G12C mutation was assessed by digital PCR. Results Overall, KRAS p.G12C mutation was detected in 1.17% of the samples (n = 6). In two of these cases, we could confirm that the KRAS p.G12C mutation was not present in the pre-treatment plasma samples, supporting its role as an acquired resistance mutation. According to our data, KRASG12C patients showed similar clinicopathological characteristics to those of the rest of the study cohort and no statistically significant associations between any clinical features and the presence of the mutation were found. However, two out of six KRASG12C tumours harboured less common EGFR driver mutations (p.G719X/p.L861Q). All KRASG12C patients tested negative for the presence of p.T790M resistance mutation. Conclusions The KRAS p.G12C mutation is detected in 1% of EGFR-positive NSCLC patients who progress on a first line with a TKI. All KRASG12C patients were negative for the presence of the p.T790M mutation and they did not show any distinctive clinical feature. Novel KRAS G12C inhibitors provide a new therapeutic opportunity for NSCLC patients. One percent of EGFR-mutated NSCLC tumours progressing on a first-line TKI harbour the KRAS p.G12C mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Serna-Blasco
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda University Hospital, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - E Sánchez-Herrero
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda University Hospital, Majadahonda, Spain; Atrys Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Sanz-Moreno
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda University Hospital, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - A Rodriguez-Festa
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda University Hospital, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - E García-Veros
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda University Hospital, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - M Casarrubios
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda University Hospital, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - B Sierra-Rodero
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda University Hospital, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - R Laza-Briviesca
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda University Hospital, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - A Cruz-Bermúdez
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda University Hospital, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - X Mielgo-Rubio
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Sánchez-Hernández
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Provincial Centre de Castelló, Castellón de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - E A Uribelarrea
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario de Cruces, Barakaldo, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - V Calvo
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Romero
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda University Hospital, Majadahonda, Spain; Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Provencio
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda University Hospital, Majadahonda, Spain; Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nemesure B, Albano D, Nemesure A. Short- and long-term survival outcomes among never smokers who developed lung cancer. Cancer Epidemiol 2021; 75:102042. [PMID: 34571392 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2021.102042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the US. While an extensive literature exists detailing lung cancer risk factors and mortality among patients with a history of tobacco use, the data are more limited among individuals who have never smoked. The purpose of this investigation is to compare survival rates between the two groups and evaluate potential risk factors among never smokers. METHODS This retrospective study included 3380 smokers and 334 never smokers who were diagnosed with lung cancer at Stony Brook University Hospital between 2003 and 2016. 1-, 3-, 5- and 10-year survival outcomes, stratified by smoking status, were compared and Kaplan-Meier curves for overall survival are provided. Cox Proportional Hazard models were used to evaluate factors influencing survival among never smokers. RESULTS Never smokers with lung cancer were more likely to be female, be diagnosed with adenocarcinoma histology, and had fewer comorbidities than lung cancer patients who smoked. Although 60% of patients were diagnosed at a later stage of disease development, regardless of smoking status, overall short- and long-term survival was significantly higher among never smokers compared to those with a history of tobacco use. In addition to age and stage at diagnosis, a history of diabetes was found to be a significant prognostic factor for decreased survival among never smokers (HR=3.15, 95% CI (1.74, 5.71)). CONCLUSIONS Data from the present investigation suggest that, regardless of smoking status, approximately three of every five lung cancer patients are diagnosed at a later stage, and that both short- and long-term survival outcomes are significantly better among never smokers compared to those with a history of tobacco use. Additional studies are required to validate these findings and better explain the mechanistic drivers for the improved outcomes among never smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Nemesure
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook Medicine, 100 Nicolls Road - Health Sciences Center, Level 3, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8036, United States.
| | - Denise Albano
- Department of Surgery, Stony Brook Medicine, 100 Nicolls Road - Health Sciences Center, Level 19, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8191, United States.
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Basdemirci M, Zamani A, Zamani AG, Findik S, Yildirim MS. Extended-spectrum of KRAS and NRAS mutations in lung cancer tissue specimens obtained with bronchoscopy. Indian J Cancer 2021; 59:236-243. [PMID: 34380837 DOI: 10.4103/ijc.ijc_766_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Mutations in the RAS genes, HRAS, KRAS, and NRAS, are the most common modifications in many types of human tumors and are found in approximately 30% of all human cancers. These mutations are usually found in codons 12, 13, or 61. Methods The aim of this study is to evaluate mutations in codons 59, 117, and 146 of KRAS and NRAS genes in addition to codons 12,13, and 61 of KRAS gene in lung cancer tissue specimens obtained with bronchoscopy. KRAS and NRAS mutation analyses with pyrosequencing were performed on DNA isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples of 64 patients histopathologically diagnosed as lung cancer after bronchoscopic biopsy. Results In all, 20 patients (31.2%) had mutations in KRAS gene (8/27 squamous cell carcinoma, 8/11 adenocarcinoma, 3/16 small cell carcinoma, and 1/1 pleomorphic carcinoma). The most common mutation in codon 12 was in c.35G>T (G12V). When the mutation rate of adenocarcinoma (72.7%) and squamous cell carcinoma (22.9%) patients was compared with each other, a statistically significant difference was observed (P = 0.008). There were no mutations in codons 59, 117, or 146 of KRAS and NRAS genes in patients with lung cancer. Conclusion In this study, we firstly examined mutations in codons 59, 117, and 146 of KRAS and NRAS genes in addition to codons 12, 13, and 61 of KRAS gene in Turkish lung cancer patients both in non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. Although no mutation was detected in codons 59, 117, and 146 of KRAS and NRAS genes, the frequency of KRAS gene mutation was higher than the rate of mutation in both Asian and Western countries, and multicenter studies including more cases should be performed to further explore our results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muserref Basdemirci
- Department of Medical Genetics, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Adil Zamani
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ayse G Zamani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Siddika Findik
- Department of Pathology, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mahmut S Yildirim
- Department of Medical Genetics, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wu S, Haltom J, Zhao W, Yang J, Zhou Z, Gu X. Evolution and functional divergence of the ERBB receptor family. Pharmacogenomics 2021; 22:473-484. [PMID: 34036795 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2020-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The ERBB gene family plays an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation, and aberrant activations could result in tumorigenesis, which makes this gene family an attractive drug target in the area of precision oncology. Materials & methods: Functional divergence analysis and conservation analysis were performed using ClustalW, MEGA7 and DIVERGE3 software. Results: One hundred and forty five functional divergence residues sites, 94 totally conserved sites and averagely 345 conserved sites of individual gene member were obtained. Some have been reported to play role in drug binding, tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Conclusion: Functional divergence residues with high posterior probabilities and conserved residues may possess certain functions, and aberrant alterations may confer drug resistance or contribute to tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wu
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, China
| | - Jeffrey Haltom
- Department of Genetics, Development & Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Wenyi Zhao
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jingwen Yang
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhan Zhou
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xun Gu
- Department of Genetics, Development & Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pathogenic Role of Epstein-Barr Virus in Lung Cancers. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050877. [PMID: 34064727 PMCID: PMC8151745 DOI: 10.3390/v13050877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human oncogenic viruses account for at least 12% of total cancer cases worldwide. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is the first identified human oncogenic virus and it alone causes ~200,000 cancer cases and ~1.8% of total cancer-related death annually. Over the past 40 years, increasing lines of evidence have supported a causal link between EBV infection and a subgroup of lung cancers (LCs). In this article, we review the current understanding of the EBV-LC association and the etiological role of EBV in lung carcinogenesis. We also discuss the clinical impact of the knowledge gained from previous research, challenges, and future directions in this field. Given the high clinical relevance of EBV-LC association, there is an urgent need for further investigation on this topic.
Collapse
|
17
|
Kim JH, Yoon S, Lee DH, Jang SJ, Chun SM, Kim SW. Real-world utility of next-generation sequencing for targeted gene analysis and its application to treatment in lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Med 2021; 10:3197-3204. [PMID: 33960703 PMCID: PMC8124124 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the clinical utility of next-generation sequencing (NGS) for detection of genetic alterations and its implications on treatment of lung adenocarcinoma in real-world practice. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data were reviewed for 391 patients with lung adenocarcinoma who underwent NGS between March 2017 and October 2018. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival samples were used for performing NGS targeting 382 genes, including all exons of 199 genes, 184 hotspots, and the partial introns of 8 genes often rearranged in cancer. Survival analysis was performed for stage IV disease. RESULTS Among the 391 patients, at least one actionable mutation was identified in 294 patients (75.2%). The most commonly mutated gene was EGFR (n = 130, 33.2%), involving EGFR exon 19 deletion (n = 48, 12.3%), L858R (n = 47, 12%), and others (n = 35, 9%), followed by KRAS (n = 48, 12.3%), ALK (n = 40, 10.2%), RET (6%), MET (3%), ROS-1 (3%), and BRAF (2%) mutations. TP53 (46.9%) and CDKN2A (12.6%) mutations were common co-mutations in patients with AMs. With a median follow-up duration of 16.8 months, median overall survival was 36.8 months in patients with stage IV disease. Patients treated with the corresponding targeted therapy for AMs based on NGS reports lived significantly longer than those not treated with such therapy (p < 0.001). After multivariate analysis, targeted therapy for AM was a significantly favorable factor for survival (AM without targeted therapy vs. AM with targeted therapy, hazard ratio 2.58, 95% confidence interval 1.57-4.25; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study revealed that AMs could be comparably detected using NGS. Based on these NGS results, a suitable targeted therapy can be selected, which may improve survival in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. This NGS-based approach is useful in real-world practice to provide guidance when selecting targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jwa Hoon Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinkyo Yoon
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Ho Lee
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Jang
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Chun
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-We Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wilunda C, Sawada N, Yamaji T, Iwasaki M, Inoue M, Tsugane S. Reproductive Factors and Lung Cancer Risk among Never-Smoking Japanese Women with 21 Years of Follow-Up: A Cohort Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:1185-1192. [PMID: 33827981 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-1399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported inconsistent associations between reproductive factors and lung cancer. METHODS We used data from the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study, which included 400 incident lung cancer cases (305 adenocarcinoma) among 42,615 never-smoking women followed for a median of 21 years, to examine the associations of reproductive and hormonal factors with lung cancer by histological type using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Longer fertility span (≥36 years vs. ≤32 years) was associated with increased risk of lung adenocarcinoma (HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.07-2.06, P trend = 0.01) but not with all lung cancer or nonadenocarcinoma. Similarly, late age at menopause (≥ 50 years) was associated with increased adenocarcinoma risk (vs. ≤ 47 years, HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.01-1.96, P trend 0.04). Compared with premenopausal women, women with natural menopause (HR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.02-3.88) or surgical menopause (HR, 2.75; 95% CI, 1.33-5.67) were at increased risk of adenocarcinoma. In contrast, breastfeeding was associated with reduced risk of nonadenocarcinoma (HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.28-0.92). No significant association with parity, age at first birth, exogenous hormone use, or length of menstrual cycle was detected. CONCLUSIONS Reproductive factors may play a role in lung carcinogenesis. Future studies that include estrogen and progesterone biomarkers may help clarify the role of endogenous hormones in lung carcinogenesis. IMPACT Fertility span and age at menopause may be useful variables in developing risk prediction models for lung adenocarcinoma among nonsmoking women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Calistus Wilunda
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.,African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Inoue
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Detection of Somatic Mutations with ddPCR from Liquid Biopsy of Colorectal Cancer Patients. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020289. [PMID: 33669856 PMCID: PMC7923234 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) show great promise in cancer diagnostics. In this study, we designed a custom droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay for the quantification and quality control of cfDNA isolated from serum. The assay was validated on a group of locally advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and two control groups-patients with hemorrhoids and healthy individuals. The assay shows a high correlation with Qubit measurement (r = 0.976) but offers a higher dynamic range. Mean concentrations of cfDNA were 12.36 ng/µL, 5.17 ng/µL, and 0.29 ng/µL for CRC, hemorrhoid patients, and healthy controls, respectively. The quality of cfDNA was assessed with the measurement of B-cell DNA contamination. On a subset of CRC patients, we compared the mutation status on KRAS (G12A, G12D, G12V, G13D) and BRAF (V600E) genes in the primary tumor and cfDNA isolated from the serum. A total of 70.6% of primary tumor samples were mutated, and the mean fractional abundance of mutations was 9.50%. The matching serum samples were mutated in 38% cases with an average fractional abundance of 0.23%. We conclude that any decisions based solely on the amount of cfDNA present in patient serum must be interpreted carefully and in the context of co-morbidities. This study explores the potential of ddPCR somatic mutations detection from liquid biopsy as a supplement to tissue biopsy in targeted personalized CRC patient management.
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhao H, Chen J. [Clinical Analysis of Primary Pulmonary Lymphoepithelioma-like Carcinoma in 8 Patients]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2021; 23:168-175. [PMID: 32209185 PMCID: PMC7118332 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2020.03.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
背景与目的 淋巴上皮瘤样癌为罕见的上皮肿瘤,多来源于鼻咽部,也发生在前肠起源器官,如肺、胃、唾液腺和胸腺。原发性肺淋巴上皮瘤样癌(primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma, PPLELC)是一种罕见的非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC),约占肺癌的0.9%。本文目的在于探讨PPLELC的临床病理特点、治疗方法以及预后情况。 方法 回顾性分析湖南省肿瘤医院2013年10月-2016年6月收治的PPLELC患者8例,对其临床资料及预后进行临床分析,以深入研究这种罕见的肺癌亚型。 结果 8例患者中,62.5%(5/8)为女性,中位年龄为51.5岁(41岁-64岁),大多数(87.5%)患者不吸烟,50.0%患者无症状,约37.5%为Ⅰ期,50.0%为Ⅲ期,12.5%为Ⅳ期。PPLELC的典型病理特征与未分化的鼻咽癌相同,其特点是分化较差的肿瘤细胞,具有大的泡状核和核仁突出,呈合胞体生长,伴有淋巴细胞浸润。免疫表型:癌细胞P63(100.0%, 6/6)、CK5/6(100.0%, 5/5)、CK(100.0%, 5/5)阳性。对8例患者的程序性死亡配体-1(programmed cell death-ligand 1, PD-L1)表达进行了检测,当≥5%的细胞膜染色时定义为PD-L1阳性,PD-L1表达频率为50.0%(4/8),肿瘤细胞阳性比例分数(tumor proportion score, TPS)波动在20.0%-70.0%。3例行表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR)基因突变检测,结果呈阴性;2例行EML4-ALK融合基因检测,结果呈阴性;1例行KRAS、B-raf、C-kit、HER2、VEGFR1、VEGFR2检测,结果示KRAS野生型,B-raf、C-kit无突变,HER2、VEGFR1、VEGFR2中等表达。所有患者均接受了手术治疗,其中接受了辅助化疗者5例,其中Ib期2例,Ⅲa期2例,Ⅳ期1例;辅助放化疗者1例,分期为Ⅲa期,接受了新辅助化疗者1例,分期为Ⅲa期。截止至随访截止期,所有患者均存活,中位存活时间为57个月,3年和5年总生存率(overall survival, OS)分别为87.5%和50.0%;无病生存率(disease-free survival, DFS)分别为87.5%和50.0%。 结论 PPLELC是一种罕见但独特的NSCLC亚型,具有明显的临床病理学特征,通常发生于年轻的非吸烟患者,无性别倾向,并与EB病毒(Epstein-Barr virus, EBV)感染有关,组织形态及免疫组化是诊断的主要手段。大多数患者缺乏EGFR和ALK等常见基因突变,提示这些基因的突变与PPLELC的发生无关。PD-1和PD-L1可能是潜在的治疗靶点。与其他类型的NSCLC相比,大多数患者处于早期或局部晚期,预后较好。目前还没有针对这种罕见肿瘤的标准化治疗方案。早期以手术切除为主,中晚期或转移阶段则采用手术、化疗、放疗等多种治疗方式。由于其发病率低,为了确定其生物学特性和最佳治疗方案,还需要进一步的研究。
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha 410006, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha 410006, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Salgia R, Pharaon R, Mambetsariev I, Nam A, Sattler M. The improbable targeted therapy: KRAS as an emerging target in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100186. [PMID: 33521700 PMCID: PMC7817862 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
KRAS is a frequent oncogenic driver in solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It was previously thought to be an "undruggable" target due to the lack of deep binding pockets for specific small-molecule inhibitors. A better understanding of the mechanisms that drive KRAS transformation, improved KRAS-targeted drugs, and immunological approaches that aim at yielding immune responses against KRAS neoantigens have sparked a race for approved therapies. Few treatments are available for KRAS mutant NSCLC patients, and several approaches are being tested in clinicals trials to fill this void. Here, we review promising therapeutics tested for KRAS mutant NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Rebecca Pharaon
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Isa Mambetsariev
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Arin Nam
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Martin Sattler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ji G, Bao T, Li Z, Tang H, Liu D, Yang P, Li W, Huang Y. Current lung cancer screening guidelines may miss high-risk population: a real-world study. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:50. [PMID: 33430831 PMCID: PMC7802250 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07750-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite much research published on lung cancer screening, China has had no large-scale study on the missed diagnosis of lung cancer in a health examination population. We therefore did a real-world study using the current lung cancer screening guidelines to a health examination population in China to determine the proportion of lung cancer cases that have been missed. METHODS A real-world cohort study of screening, with the use of low-dose computed tomography, was conducted among people who took yearly health checkup in health management center of West China Hospital between 2006 and 2017. We respectively used current guidelines including lung cancer screening guidelines of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) and expert consensus on low dose spiral CT lung cancer screening in China. RESULTS In a total of 15,996 participants with health examination who completed the baseline screening, 6779 (42.4%) subjects had at least one positive finding, and 142 (2.1%) cases of lung cancer were screened positive. The false positive rate was 97.9%. Of 142 lung cancer cases detected in our study, only 9.2% met the lung cancer screening guidelines proposed by the USPSTF, and 24.4% met that of China. The rates of missed diagnosis were as high as 90.8 and 75.6% respectively. In addition, we did an in-depth analysis by gender. We found that among male patients with lung cancer, the proportion of smokers was 75%, and the proportion of young people under 50 was 23.2%. Among female patients with lung cancer, the proportion of smokers was only 5.8%, and the proportion of young people under 50 was up to 33.3%. CONCLUSIONS The rate of missed diagnosis was as high as 90.8% applying the current lung cancer screening guidelines to the health examination population in China. Further study to determine screening guidelines for targeted populations, is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guiyi Ji
- Health Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Bao
- Health Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Health Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huairong Tang
- Health Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Weimin Li
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Health Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang Y, Zeng Z, Tang M, Zhang M, Bai Y, Cui H, Xu Y, Guo X, Ma W, Xu G, Qi L, Wang J, Chen S, Gu D, Mao M, Wang X, Zhang C. Sex Disparities in the Clinical Characteristics, Synchronous Distant Metastasis Occurrence and Prognosis: A Pan-cancer Analysis. J Cancer 2021; 12:498-507. [PMID: 33391446 PMCID: PMC7739003 DOI: 10.7150/jca.50536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aims to assess the sex disparities in clinical characteristics and synchronous distant metastasis occurrence at diagnosis, as well as the subsequent prognosis in non-sex-specific cancers. Methods: The study included details from patients diagnosed with non-sex-specific cancers, during the period from 2010 to 2016, in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. The distant metastasis prevalence and subsequent survival time were summarized in the total population and the population with specific cancers of different systems. The multivariable logistic and the Cox proportional hazards regressions were applied to evaluate the sex effect on distant metastasis occurrence and prognosis. The results were combined using meta-analysis. Results: Across all non-sex-specific cancers, the pooled prevalence of distant metastasis was 15.2% (95% CI: 14.7-15.7%) and 7.1% (95% CI: 6.8-7.3%) for males and females, respectively. The pooled median survival time was 8.40 months (95% CI: 7.99-8.81) for male patients and 9.40 months (95% CI: 8.84-10.02) for female patients. After combining all non-sex-specific cancers, male patients displayed a higher distant metastasis occurrence than females (pooled OR=1.06, 95% CI: 1.04-1.08; P<0.01), as well as worse overall survival after distant metastasis (pooled HR=1.08, 95% CI: 1.05-1.10; P<0.01). The sex differences were more significant in patients younger than 65 years (P<0.01). Additionally, the sex influence on prognosis was most predominant amongst patients from Asian or Pacific Islander ethnic groups. Conclusion: Male gender appears to be an independent risk factor associated with the occurrence and prognosis of synchronous distant metastasis. Therefore, sex-specific preventions and treatments should become the focus of future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Wang
- Department of Health Management Center (Epidemiology and Biostatistics), First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ziqian Zeng
- Department of Health Management Center (Epidemiology and Biostatistics), First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,Department of Epidemiology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610599, Sichuan province, China
| | - Mingshuang Tang
- Department of Health Management Center (Epidemiology and Biostatistics), First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ye Bai
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Huijie Cui
- Department of Health Management Center (Epidemiology and Biostatistics), First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumours, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xu Guo
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumours, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, 061000, China
| | - Wenjuan Ma
- Department of Breast Imaging, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Guijun Xu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumours, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Lisha Qi
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Health Management Center (Epidemiology and Biostatistics), First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Dongqing Gu
- Department of Health Management Center (Epidemiology and Biostatistics), First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Min Mao
- Department of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Health Management Center (Epidemiology and Biostatistics), First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumours, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chen J, Gu C, Chen X, Dai C, Zhao S, Xie H, Fei K, Chen C. Clinicopathological and prognostic analyses of 86 resected pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas. J Surg Oncol 2020; 123:544-552. [PMID: 33125732 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) is a rare subtype of primary lung cancer. The present study aims at investigating clinicopathological features and prognostic characteristics of the resected pulmonary LELC. METHODS Patients with resected pulmonary LELC were identified in our hospital from December 2008 to December 2018. Data of these patients were retrospectively reviewed, clinicopathological features and prognostic characteristics were analyzed subsequently. RESULTS In total, 86 patients were enrolled in the study, including 39 (45.3%) males and 47 (54.7%) females. Most of the serum tumor markers were normal. Immunohistochemical staining result showed frequent differentiation traits of epithelial tissue such. Positive PD-L1 (15 of 19, 78.9%) and PD-1 (13 of 17, 76.5%) were also common, but cancer-related genetic mutation was scarce (1 of 47, 2.1%). Survival analyses demonstrated that the N stage (p = .011) and extent of resection (p = .023) were identified as independent predictive factors for overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Pulmonary LELC is a distinctive subtype of lung cancer with several exclusive traits, such as the trend to happen among nonsmoking young people, epithelial origin of tumor differentiation, frequent expression of the immune checkpoint, and scarce presence of driver mutation. In addition, pulmonary LELC was apt to get a favorable outcome, especially in cases diagnosed and treated in the early stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiafei Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojian Chen
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyang Dai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengnan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huikang Xie
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Fei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, East China Sanatorium, Wuxi, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
S UK, R B, D TK, Doss CGP, Zayed H. Mutational landscape of K-Ras substitutions at 12th position-a systematic molecular dynamics approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:1571-1585. [PMID: 33034275 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1830177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
K-Ras is a small GTPase and acts as a molecular switch by recruiting GEFs and GAPs, and alternates between the inert GDP-bound and the dynamic GTP-bound forms. The amino acid at position 12 of K-Ras is a hot spot for oncogenic mutations (G12A, G12C, G12D, G12R, G12S, and G12V), disturbing the active fold of the protein, leading to cancer development. This study aimed to investigate the potential conformational changes induced by these oncogenic mutations at the 12th position, impairing GAP-mediated GTP hydrolysis. Comprehensive computational tools (iStable, FoldX, SNPeffect, DynaMut, and CUPSAT) were used to evaluate the effect of these six mutations on the stability of wild type K-Ras protein. The docking of GTP with K-Ras was carried out using AutoDock4.2, followed by molecular dynamics simulations. Furthermore, on comparison of binding energies between the wild type K-Ras and the six mutants, we have demonstrated that the G12A and G12V mutants exhibited the strongest binding efficiency compared to the other four mutants. Trajectory analyses of these mutations revealed that G12A encountered the least deviation, fluctuation, intermolecular H-bonds, and compactness compared to the wildtype, which was supported by the lower Gibbs free energy value. Our study investigates the molecular dynamics simulations of the mutant K-Ras forms at the 12th position, which expects to provide insights about the molecular mechanisms involved in cancer development, and may serve as a platform for targeted therapies against cancer. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Udhaya Kumar S
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bithia R
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thirumal Kumar D
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C George Priya Doss
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pandey RK, Shukla S, Hadi R, Husain N, Islam MH, Singhal A, Tripathi SK, Garg R. Kirsten rat sarcoma virus protein overexpression in adenocarcinoma lung: Association with clinicopathological and histomorphological features. J Carcinog 2020; 19:9. [PMID: 33679239 PMCID: PMC7921778 DOI: 10.4103/jcar.jcar_11_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The constitutive activation of multiple signaling pathways is the major cause of carcinogenesis. AIMS The study evaluates the frequency of Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) protein overexpression and correlates with clinicopathological and histomorphological features in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC)-adenocarcinoma. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Tertiary hospital-based retrospective and prospective case series included 100 cases of NSCLC-adenocarcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS The basic panel of Immunohistochemistry including Napsin-A, thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), and markers for squamous differentiation, p-40 was used in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks. The KRAS monoclonal antibody (9.13, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) was used. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED The IBM-Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) (SPSS, International Business Machines Corporation, New York, NY, USA) analysis software, version 16 was used for all statistical calculations. RESULTS KRAS protein expressed in 28.0% (28/100) cases. Cases were grouped as KRAS positive and negative. TTF-1 and Napsin-A were expressed in 89.25% (n = 25) and 92.86% (n = 26) cases, respectively. Stage IV clinical disease was identified in 55% of cases, and 36.84% of cases had a mean survival between 6 and 12 months. In KRAS positive group, the most common pattern of cellular arrangement was acinar/loose clusters pattern present in 64.29% (n = 21) and 75.0% (n = 18) cases followed by the solid pattern present in 42.86% of cases (n = 12), respectively. Necrosis was identified in 57.14% (n = 16) cases. Mucin pattern was present in 32.14% of cases (n = 9), which was significantly different when compared with the KRAS negative group (P = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS This finding may imply that KRAS mutations may not be entirely triggered by alterations induced by carcinogens in smoke. KRAS gene is frequently mutated in pulmonary tumors. It should be tested in NSCLC owing to its predictive and prognostic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar Pandey
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saumya Shukla
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rahat Hadi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nuzhat Husain
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Ashish Singhal
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Surya Kant Tripathi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajiv Garg
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Circulating Tumor DNA in KRAS positive colorectal cancer patients as a prognostic factor - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 154:103065. [PMID: 32763752 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liquid biopsy is a novel tool in oncology. It provides minimally invasive detection of tumor specific DNA. This review summarizes data on presence of circulating tumor DNA in serum or plasma of CRC patients as a potential negative prognostic factor. MATERIALS AND METHODS The systematic review was performed according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). The search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. RESULTS In total 18 articles with a total of 1779 patients met the inclusion criteria. Six out of 8 studies found that presence of ctDNA in plasma/serum was associated with inferior overall survival. All 6 studies found that high concentrations of ctDNA in plasma/serum was associated with inferior overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Presence or high concentrations of KRAS mutation in plasma or serum were associated with inferior prognosis. Establishing cut-off concentrations is warranted for further clinical implementation of liquid biopsy.
Collapse
|
28
|
Distinct Molecular Landscape of Epstein-Barr Virus Associated Pulmonary Lymphoepithelioma-Like Carcinoma Revealed by Genomic Sequencing. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082065. [PMID: 32726920 PMCID: PMC7463519 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) is a subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) characterized by marked lymphocytic infiltration and association with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). The molecular basis underlying the disease remains unclear. We sought to study the molecular landscape by multiple approaches including whole genomic sequencing, capture-based targeted sequencing, fluorescent in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Tumor cells from 57 EBV-positive pulmonary LELCs were isolated by careful microdissection prior to genomic sequencing. Integrated analysis revealed a distinct genomic landscape of low TP53 mutation rate (11%), low incidence of known drivers in the RTK/RAS/RAF (11%) and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways (7%), but enriched for loss-of-function mutations in multiple negative regulators of the NF-κB pathway. High level programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression was shown with 47% and 79% of the cases showing positive PD-L1 immunoreactivity at ≥50% and ≥1% tumor proportion score, respectively. Subsets of the patients with actionable fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) aberrations (4%) and mismatch repair deficiency (4%) were potentially eligible for precision medicine. Pulmonary LELC showed a distinct genomic landscape, different from major NSCLC subtypes but resembled that of EBV-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Our work facilitated the understanding of molecular basis underlying pulmonary LELC to explore potential therapeutic options.
Collapse
|
29
|
Chen X, Xu B, Li Q, Xu X, Li X, You X, Yu Z. Genetic profile of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A hospital-based survey in Jinhua. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1398. [PMID: 32657049 PMCID: PMC7507563 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We describe the clinical features, genetic profile, and their correlation in NSCLC patients. Methods A total of 256 Chinese patients with NSCLC were enrolled in this study. NGS‐based genomic profiling of major lung cancer‐related genes was performed on formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tumor samples. Results Of 256 patients with NSCLC, 219 were adenocarcinoma and most of them were in the early stage. Among patients, 63.3% patients have more than two gene mutations. By analyzing variant allele frequency (VAF), we found that the median VAF has significant differences between squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, as well as early stage and advanced stage. The frequency of mutations in EGFR, MET, and RET were significantly higher in nonsmokers than in smokers. Besides, Pearson correlation analysis found that ALK, BRAF, and MET mutations had a strong correlation with age. Notably, higher frequencies of ALK and BRAF alterations were associated with younger age, while more frequent MET mutations appear in the patients at age 55 or older. Conclusion More unique features of cancer driver genes in Chinese NSCLC were identified by next‐generation sequencing. These findings highlighted that it is necessary to carry out targeted detection according to different clinical features for NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianguo Chen
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryJinhua Municipal Central HospitalJinhua Hospital of Zhejiang UniversityJinhuaChina
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryJinhua Municipal Central HospitalJinhua Hospital of Zhejiang UniversityJinhuaChina
| | - Qiang Li
- Hangzhou D.A. Medical LaboratoryHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoyi Xu
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryJinhua Municipal Central HospitalJinhua Hospital of Zhejiang UniversityJinhuaChina
| | - Xianshuai Li
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryJinhua Municipal Central HospitalJinhua Hospital of Zhejiang UniversityJinhuaChina
| | - Xia You
- Hangzhou D.A. Medical LaboratoryHangzhouChina
| | - Zhaonan Yu
- Hangzhou D.A. Medical LaboratoryHangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tang Z, Fang R, Tong G, Liu P, Ou Z, Tang Y. Overcoming resistance to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma: A case report and review of the literature. Lung Cancer 2020; 146:335-340. [PMID: 32623076 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) is a rare subtype of non-small-cell lung cancer with no established treatment protocols. Immunotherapy is rarely used as a second-line choice in patients with advanced LELC, and more cases of this condition should be presented. MATERIALS AND METHODS We present a patient with advanced primary pulmonary LELC overcoming the resistance to second-line anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) immunotherapy. We also review the literature to summarize the current immunotherapy landscape of this rare disorder. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The LELC patient progressed after first-line chemotherapy, was treated by immunotherapy alone and progressed again. To overcome the developed resistance to immunotherapy, chemotherapy with nedaplatin plus paclitaxel in addition to nivolumab was administered and a progression-free survival (PFS) of 5 months was achieved. It was also observed that the blood levels of neuron-specific enolase may act as an efficacy biomarker in LELC. Patients with this rare disorder resistant to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy might benefit from therapy based on PD-1 inhibition; this is a future avenue of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwu Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Rui Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guihui Tong
- Pathology Department, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhu'an Ou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hu Y, Ren S, Liu Y, Han W, Liu W. Pulmonary Lymphoepithelioma-Like Carcinoma: A Mini-Review. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:3921-3929. [PMID: 32494151 PMCID: PMC7227818 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s241337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (PLELC) is a rare and distinct subtype of non-small-cell lung carcinoma associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. We systematically reviewed the recent research that expands our knowledge about PLELC, with main focus on its genetic profile, tumor-infiltrating environment, PD-L1 expression, circulating EBV-DNA, clinical utility of 18F-FDG PET/CT, and treatment strategy. A low frequency of typical driver mutations and widespread existence of copy number variations was detected in PLELC. Persistent EBV infection may trigger intense infiltration of lymphocytes, representing enhanced tumor immunity and possibly resulting in a better prognosis. Circulating EBV-DNA in the plasma of patients with PLELC may predict disease progression and response to therapy. PLELC is 18F-FDG avid, and 18F-FDG PET may help refine palliation strategies and subsequently improve the prognosis. Most of the reported patients present at early and resectable stage, and surgical resection with curative intent is the preferred approach. There is currently no consensus on the regimen of chemotherapy for patients with advanced stages. EGFR-targeted therapies seem to have no therapeutic effect, and the clinical impact of PD-1/PD-L1 therapy is uncertain but worthy of further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Siying Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yukang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenliang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Velazquez AI, McCoach CE. Tumor evolution in epidermal growth factor receptor mutated non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:2896-2909. [PMID: 32642202 PMCID: PMC7330358 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.08.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As the incidence of cancer increases worldwide there is an unmet need to understand cancer evolution to improve patient outcomes. Our growing knowledge of cancer cells' clonal expansion, heterogeneity, adaptation, and relationships within the tumor immune compartment and with the tumor microenvironment has made clear that cancer is a disease that benefits from heterogeneity and evolution. This review outlines recent knowledge of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) pathogenesis and tumor progression from an evolutionary standpoint, focused on the role of oncogenic driver mutations as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Understanding lung cancer evolution during tumor development, growth, and under treatment pressures is crucial to improve therapeutic interventions and patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Velazquez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Caroline E McCoach
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kauffmann-Guerrero D, Tufman A, Kahnert K, Bollmann BA, Reu S, Syunyaeva Z, Schneider C, Manapov F, Huber RM, Golpon H. Response to Checkpoint Inhibition in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Molecular Driver Alterations. Oncol Res Treat 2020; 43:289-298. [PMID: 32268332 DOI: 10.1159/000506842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR mutations do not respond well to checkpoint inhibitors. However, little is known about the activity of immunotherapy in NSCLC with other driver mutations. The increasing use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) leads to molecular findings that face the clinician with problems while choosing the best treatment. This study aims at analyzing response of NSCLC with driver mutations to immunotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively included 84 NSCLC patients diagnosed and treated at 2 German tertiary-care lung cancer centers using NGS and treatment with immunotherapy. Response to immunotherapy was analyzed in correlation to molecular findings. RESULTS 51 patients harbored at least 1 driver mutation. PIK3CA, EGFR, and STK11 mutations did not respond to immunotherapy. KRAS, TP53, and MET exon 14 skipping mutations responded well. One patient with NF-1 mutation showed durable response. CONCLUSIONS Molecular testing may be of use in guiding treatment decision making in NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Kauffmann-Guerrero
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Thoracic Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine V, Thoracic Oncology Center Munich, University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany,
| | - Amanda Tufman
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Thoracic Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine V, Thoracic Oncology Center Munich, University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Kahnert
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Thoracic Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine V, Thoracic Oncology Center Munich, University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Simone Reu
- Institute for Pathology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Zulfiya Syunyaeva
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Thoracic Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine V, Thoracic Oncology Center Munich, University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Farkhad Manapov
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rudolf M Huber
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Thoracic Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine V, Thoracic Oncology Center Munich, University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Heiko Golpon
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Douglas JK, Callahan RE, Hothem ZA, Cousineau CS, Kawak S, Thibodeau BJ, Bergeron S, Li W, Peeples CE, Wasvary HJ. Genomic variation as a marker of response to neoadjuvant therapy in locally advanced rectal cancer. Mol Cell Oncol 2020; 7:1716618. [PMID: 32391418 PMCID: PMC7199754 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2020.1716618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is variation in the responsiveness of locally advanced rectal cancer to neoadjuvant chemoradiation, from complete response to total resistance. This study compared genetic variation in rectal cancer patients who had a complete response to chemoradiation versus poor response, using tumor tissue samples sequenced with genomics analysis software. Rectal cancer patients treated with chemoradiation and proctectomy June 2006-March 2017 were grouped based on response to chemoradiation: those with no residual tumor after surgery (CR, complete responders, AJCC-CPR tumor grade 0, n = 8), and those with poor response (PR, AJCC-CPR tumor grade two or three on surgical resection, n = 8). We identified 195 variants in 83 genes in tissue specimens implicated in colorectal cancer biopathways. PR patients showed mutations in four genes not mutated in complete responders: KDM6A, ABL1, DAXX-ZBTB22, and KRAS. Ten genes were mutated only in the CR group, including ARID1A, PMS2, JAK1, CREBBP, MTOR, RB1, PRKAR1A, FBXW7, ATM C11orf65, and KMT2D, with specific discriminating variants noted in DMNT3A, KDM6A, MTOR, APC, and TP53. Although conclusions may be limited by small sample size in this pilot study, we identified multiple genetic variations in tumor DNA from rectal cancer patients who are poor responders to neoadjuvant chemoradiation, compared to complete responders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rose E. Callahan
- Department of Surgical Research, Beaumont Research Institute, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Samer Kawak
- Department of Surgery, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Wei Li
- Department of Pathology, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yin K, Feng HB, Li LL, Chen Y, Xie Z, Lv ZY, Guo WB, Lu DX, Yang XN, Yan WQ, Wu YL, Zhang XC. Low frequency of mutation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and arrangement of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) in primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma. Thorac Cancer 2019; 11:346-352. [PMID: 31794146 PMCID: PMC6997003 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma (PLELC) is a rare and unique subtype of lung cancer. However, the prevalence of driver alterations, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements, and the response of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKIs) in PLELC has not been thoroughly investigated. Method We retrospectively reviewed the genetic profiles and treatment course of 330 PLELC patients at the Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute (GLCI) from 1st January, 2008 to 30th December, 2018. We searched and analyzed related literature published in PubMed and Web of Science from 1st January, 2000 and 31th August, 2019 based on their mention of “driver mutations” and “the response of TKIs to mutant PLELC”. Results Genetic alterations of EGFR/ALK were tested in 203 patients (203/330, 61.5%). Five patients (5/175, 2.9%) had EGFR mutation and three patients (3/140, 2.1%) had ALK alteration. From the total of 15 articles identified from electronic searches, 1071 PLELC cases mentioned the driver mutations. EGFR mutation and ALK rearrangement were detected in 15 patients and one patient, respectively. In total, there were four EGFR/ALK mutant PLELC patients who received targeted therapy as palliative treatment at the GLCI and in the literature. However, there was disease progression in all cases one month after use of TKIs. Conclusion The mutation rates of EGFR and ALK were low in PLELC. EGFR and ALK TKIs showed limited response in EGFR/ALK mutant PLELC. Further studies are needed to explore other molecular targets to optimize the therapeutic strategy for PLELC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yin
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Medical Research Center, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Bo Feng
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Medical Research Center, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin-Lin Li
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Medical Research Center, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Medical Research Center, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Xie
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Medical Research Center, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Yi Lv
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Medical Research Center, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Bang Guo
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Medical Research Center, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Xia Lu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Medical Research Center, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Ning Yang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Medical Research Center, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Qing Yan
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Medical Research Center, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Long Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Medical Research Center, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Chao Zhang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Medical Research Center, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Li M, Zhang L, Tang W, Duan JC, Jin YJ, Qi LL, Wu N. Dual-energy spectral CT characteristics in surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma: comparison between Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene mutations and epidermal growth factor receptor mutations. Cancer Imaging 2019; 19:77. [PMID: 31783917 PMCID: PMC6884869 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-019-0261-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are the two most frequent and well-known oncogene of lung adenocarcinoma. The purpose of this study is to compare the characteristics measured with dual-energy spectral computed tomography (DESCT) in lung adenocarcinoma patients who have KRAS and EGFR gene mutations. METHODS Patients with surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma (n = 72) were enrolled, including 12 patients with KRAS mutations and 60 patients with EGFR mutations. DESCT quantitative parameters, including the CT number at 70 keV, the slopes of the spectral attenuation curves (slope λ HU), normalized iodine concentration (NIC), normalized water concentration (NWC), and effective atomic number (effective Z), were analyzed. A multiple logistic regression model was applied to discriminate clinical and DESCT characteristics between the types of mutations. RESULTS The KRAS mutation was more common in people who smoked than the EGFR mutation. Nodule type differed significantly between the KRAS and EGFR groups (P = 0.035), and all KRAS mutation adenocarcinomas were solid nodules. Most DESCT quantitative parameters differed significantly between solid nodules and subsolid nodules. CT number at 70 keV, slope λ HU, NIC, and effective Z differed significantly between the KRAS and EGFR groups (P = 0.006, 0.017, 0.013 and 0.010) with solid lung adenocarcinoma. Multivariate logistic analysis of DESCT and clinical features indicated that besides smoking history, the CT value at 70 keV (OR = 0.938, P = 0.009) was significant independent factor that could be used to differentiate KRAS and EGFR mutations in solid lung adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS DESCT would be a potential tool to differentiate lung adenocarcinoma patients with a KRAS mutation from those with an EGFR mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jian-Chun Duan
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yu-Jing Jin
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Lin-Lin Qi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ning Wu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China. .,PET-CT Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Huang J, Chen M, Xu ES, Luo L, Ma Y, Huang W, Floyd W, Klann TS, Kim SY, Gersbach CA, Cardona DM, Kirsch DG. Genome-wide CRISPR Screen to Identify Genes that Suppress Transformation in the Presence of Endogenous Kras G12D. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17220. [PMID: 31748650 PMCID: PMC6868134 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53572-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cooperating gene mutations are typically required to transform normal cells enabling growth in soft agar or in immunodeficient mice. For example, mutations in Kras and transformation-related protein 53 (Trp53) are known to transform a variety of mesenchymal and epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. Identifying other genes that can cooperate with oncogenic Kras and substitute for Trp53 mutation has the potential to lead to new insights into mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Here, we applied a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen in KrasG12D immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) to search for genes that when mutated cooperate with oncogenic Kras to induce transformation. We also tested if mutation of the identified candidate genes could cooperate with KrasG12D to generate primary sarcomas in mice. In addition to identifying the well-known tumor suppressor cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (Cdkn2a), whose alternative reading frame product p19 activates Trp53, we also identified other putative tumor suppressors, such as F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 7 (Fbxw7) and solute carrier family 9 member 3 (Slc9a3). Remarkably, the TCGA database indicates that both FBXW7 and SLC9A3 are commonly co-mutated with KRAS in human cancers. However, we found that only mutation of Trp53 or Cdkn2a, but not Fbxw7 or Slc9a3 can cooperate with KrasG12D to generate primary sarcomas in mice. These results show that mutations in oncogenic Kras and either Fbxw7 or Slc9a3 are sufficient for transformation in vitro, but not for in vivo sarcomagenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
| | - Mark Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
| | - Eric S Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
| | - Lixia Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
| | - Wesley Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
| | - Warren Floyd
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
| | - Tyler S Klann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA.,Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
| | - Charles A Gersbach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA.,Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
| | - Diana M Cardona
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
| | - David G Kirsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ding Y, Zhang L, Guo L, Wu C, Zhou J, Zhou Y, Ma J, Li X, Ji P, Wang M, Zhu W, Shi C, Li S, Wu W, Zhu W, Xiao D, Fu C, He Q, Sun R, Mao X, Lizaso A, Li B, Han-Zhang H, Zhang Z. Comparative study on the mutational profile of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma predominant histologic subtypes in Chinese non-small cell lung cancer patients. Thorac Cancer 2019; 11:103-112. [PMID: 31692283 PMCID: PMC6938761 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distinction in the mutational profile between the common histological types, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous cell lung carcinoma (LUSC) has been well-established. However, comprehensive mutation profiles of the predominant histological subtypes within LUAD and LUSC remains elusive. METHODS We analyzed the mutational profile of 318 Chinese NSCLC patients of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma predominant subtypes from seven hospitals using capture-based ultra-deep sequencing of 68 lung cancer-related genes. RESULTS Of the 318 NSCLC patients, 215 were diagnosed with LUAD and 103 with LUSC. Adenocarcinoma in situ and acinar adenocarcinoma were the most predominant subtypes of LUAD. On the other hand, keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma was the most predominant subtype of LUSC. Among the LUAD subtypes, EGFR sensitizing mutations were most prevalent in the invasive lepidic subtype. More than half of the patients with preinvasive adenocarcinoma in situ, minimally invasive, acinar, micropapillary and papillary subtypes were also EGFR-mutants. Patients with colloidal, invasive mucinous, and fetal subtypes had the least number of EGFR mutations. Moreover, KRAS mutations were prevalent in patients with invasive mucinous, colloid, enteric and solid subtypes. A total of 90% of the LUSC patients harbor mutations in TP53, wherein all patients except five with nonkeratinizing were TP53 mutants. PIK3CA amplifications were most prevalent in keratinizing, followed by basaloid and nonkeratinizing subtypes. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the mutational profiles among the predominant histological subtypes were very distinct, which provided a reliable tool to improve treatment decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ding
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Southeast University, Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingchuan Guo
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongchun Zhou
- Molecular Diagnostic Center, Yunnan Cancer Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pan Ji
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Pathology, Southeast University, Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Weidong Zhu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chenxi Shi
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sanen Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Desheng Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunyan Fu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuyan He
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinru Mao
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Bing Li
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang S, Yang DM, Rong R, Zhan X, Fujimoto J, Liu H, Minna J, Wistuba II, Xie Y, Xiao G. Artificial Intelligence in Lung Cancer Pathology Image Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1673. [PMID: 31661863 PMCID: PMC6895901 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accurate diagnosis and prognosis are essential in lung cancer treatment selection and planning. With the rapid advance of medical imaging technology, whole slide imaging (WSI) in pathology is becoming a routine clinical procedure. An interplay of needs and challenges exists for computer-aided diagnosis based on accurate and efficient analysis of pathology images. Recently, artificial intelligence, especially deep learning, has shown great potential in pathology image analysis tasks such as tumor region identification, prognosis prediction, tumor microenvironment characterization, and metastasis detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this review, we aim to provide an overview of current and potential applications for AI methods in pathology image analysis, with an emphasis on lung cancer. RESULTS We outlined the current challenges and opportunities in lung cancer pathology image analysis, discussed the recent deep learning developments that could potentially impact digital pathology in lung cancer, and summarized the existing applications of deep learning algorithms in lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION With the advance of technology, digital pathology could have great potential impacts in lung cancer patient care. We point out some promising future directions for lung cancer pathology image analysis, including multi-task learning, transfer learning, and model interpretation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shidan Wang
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Donghan M Yang
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Ruichen Rong
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Junya Fujimoto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - John Minna
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Ignacio Ivan Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Yang Xie
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Guanghua Xiao
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
The Use of Genetically Engineered Mouse Models for Studying the Function of Mutated Driver Genes in Pancreatic Cancer. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091369. [PMID: 31480737 PMCID: PMC6780401 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is often treatment-resistant, with the emerging standard of care, gemcitabine, affording only a few months of incrementally-deteriorating survival. Reflecting on the history of failed clinical trials, genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) in oncology research provides the inspiration to discover new treatments for pancreatic cancer that come from better knowledge of pathogenesis mechanisms, not only of the derangements in and consequently acquired capabilities of the cancer cells, but also in the aberrant microenvironment that becomes established to support, sustain, and enhance neoplastic progression. On the other hand, the existing mutational profile of pancreatic cancer guides our understanding of the disease, but leaves many important questions of pancreatic cancer biology unanswered. Over the past decade, a series of transgenic and gene knockout mouse modes have been produced that develop pancreatic cancers with features reflective of metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in humans. Animal models of PDAC are likely to be essential to understanding the genetics and biology of the disease and may provide the foundation for advances in early diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
|
41
|
Whole Transcriptome Analysis Identifies TNS4 as a Key Effector of Cetuximab and a Regulator of the Oncogenic Activity of KRAS Mutant Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080878. [PMID: 31409052 PMCID: PMC6721647 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The targeting of activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with therapeutic anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) such as cetuximab and panitumumab has been used as an effective strategy in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, its clinical efficacy occurs only in a limited number of patients. Here, we performed whole-transcriptome analysis in xenograft mouse tumors induced by KRASG12D mutation-bearing LS174T CRC cells following treatment with either cetuximab or PBS. Through integrated analyses of differential gene expression with TCGA and CCLE public database, we identified TNS4, overexpressed in CRC patients and KRAS mutation-harboring CRC cell lines, significantly downregulated by cetuximab. While ablation of TNS4 expression via shRNA results in significant growth inhibition of LS174T, DLD1, WiDr, and DiFi CRC cell lines, conversely, its ectopic expression increases the oncogenic growth of these cells. Furthermore, TNS4 expression is transcriptionally regulated by MAP kinase signaling pathway. Consistent with this finding, selumetinib, a MEK1/2 inhibitor, suppressed oncogenic activity of CRC cells, and this effect is more profound in combination with cetuximab. Altogether, we propose that TNS4 plays a crucial role in CRC tumorigenesis, and that suppression of TNS4 would be an effective therapeutic strategy in treating a subset of cetuximab-refractory CRC patients including KRAS activating mutations.
Collapse
|
42
|
Association Between Smoking and Survival Benefit of Immunotherapy in Advanced Malignancies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Clin Oncol 2019; 42:711-716. [PMID: 31335350 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Smoking is associated with an increased tumor mutational burden. As tumor mutational burden has been shown to correlate with response to immunotherapy (IO), we hypothesized that a history of smoking may be associated with better response to IO. METHODS We utilized a systematic review with stratified meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials of IO versus standard of care in patients with advanced solid organ malignancies. RESULTS Among 9 relevant studies, we found no significant difference in the benefit of IO, compared with other systemic therapies, between ever smokers (hazard ratio [HR], 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58-1.04; P=0.09) and never smokers (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.67-0.86; P<0.0001) (test for difference P=0.83). We also observed no significant difference between current (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.63-1.34; P=0.66; I=67%) and never smokers (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.59-0.93; P=0.01; I=46%) (test for difference P=0.35). CONCLUSIONS Stratified meta-analysis demonstrates that smoking status is not significantly associated with the response to IO in the treatment of advanced solid organ malignancies.
Collapse
|
43
|
Hong S, Liu D, Luo S, Fang W, Zhan J, Fu S, Zhang Y, Wu X, Zhou H, Chen X, Chen G, Zhang Z, Zheng Q, Li X, Chen J, Liu X, Lei M, Ye C, Wang J, Yang H, Xu X, Zhu S, Yang Y, Zhao Y, Zhou N, Zhao H, Huang Y, Zhang L, Wu K, Zhang L. The genomic landscape of Epstein-Barr virus-associated pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3108. [PMID: 31311932 PMCID: PMC6635366 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10902-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) is a rare and distinct subtype of primary lung cancer characterized by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Herein, we reported the mutational landscape of pulmonary LELC using whole-exome sequencing, targeted deep sequencing and single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays. We identify a low degree of somatic mutation but widespread existence of copy number variations. We reveal predominant signature 2 mutations and frequent loss of type I interferon genes that are involved in the host-virus counteraction. Integrated analysis shows enrichment of genetic lesions affecting several critical pathways, including NF-κB, JAK/STAT, and cell cycle. Notably, multi-dimensional comparison unveils that pulmonary LELC resemble NPC but are clearly different from other lung cancers, natural killer/T-cell lymphoma or EBV-related gastric cancer in terms of genetic features. In all, our study illustrates a distinct genomic landscape of pulmonary LELC and provides a road map to facilitate genome-guided personalized treatment. The rare lung cancer subtype pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma is linked to Epstein-Barr virus infection. Here, the authors provide a mutational landscape for this cancer, showing a low burden of somatic mutations and high prevalence of copy number variations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaodong Hong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongbing Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuzhen Luo
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenfeng Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Zhan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sha Fu
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaxiong Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 518036, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huaqiang Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhonghan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiufan Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120, Shenzhen, China.,BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518083, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinghao Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120, Shenzhen, China.,BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518083, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Mengyue Lei
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chen Ye
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shida Zhu
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunpeng Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ningning Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyun Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kui Wu
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083, Shenzhen, China. .,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ho HL, Kao HL, Yeh YC, Chou TY. The importance of EGFR mutation testing in squamous cell carcinoma or non-small cell carcinoma favor squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed from small lung biopsies. Diagn Pathol 2019; 14:59. [PMID: 31221183 PMCID: PMC6587243 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-019-0840-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adenosquamous carcinoma (ADSC) of the lung, a rare but aggressive subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is defined as a carcinoma containing components of adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC). Mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are found at a frequency of 15 to 44% in Asian ADSC, and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are a more effective treatment for EGFR-mutated ADSC compared to chemotherapy. However, ADSC in small lung biopsies could be misdiagnosed as SqCC or non-small cell carcinoma (NSCC) favor SqCC due to undersampling, which may result in neglecting of EGFR mutation testing and affecting patients’ clinical management, particularly in Asian patients that relatively have high prevalence of EGFR mutation. Methods A total of 148 small lung biopsy cases with pathological diagnosis of SqCC or NSCC favor SqCC were retrospectively enrolled. The frequency of EGFR mutations and the correlation between patients’ EGFR mutation status and clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated. Results EGFR mutations were found in 8.8% (13 /148) of all cases with 5.2% (7/135) in SqCC and 46.2% (6/13) in NSCC favor SqCC. There were 7 (53.8%) L858R mutation, 4 (30.8%) exon 19 deletions, and 2 (15.4%) cases with coexistent L858R and T790 M mutations. Multivariate analysis showed that EGFR mutations were more prevalent in never-smokers (83.3% versus 16.7%, p = 0.006) and patients diagnosed as NSCC favor SqCC (46.2% versus 5.2%, p = 0.001). Moreover, 75% (3/4) of EGFR mutation-positive cases with subsequent surgical resection or rebiopsy were further diagnosed as ADSC. Conclusions EGFR mutation testing should be performed in Asian patients with SqCC diagnosed from small lung biopsies, especially in never-smokers and patients with diagnosis of NSCC favor SqCC, which have a high probability of being ADSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Ling Ho
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Lin Kao
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Yeh
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Teh-Ying Chou
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Adhikari A, Jacob NK, Hansen AR, Wei Y, Snook K, Liu F, Zhang J. Pet ownership and the risk of dying from lung cancer, findings from an 18 year follow-up of a US national cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 173:379-386. [PMID: 30954911 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In contrast to the popularity of pets, research on the health effects of living with pets, particularly, on the risk of cancer, is minimal and inconclusive. We longitudinally examined relationships between pet ownership and the risk of dying from lung cancer. METHODS We analyzed nationally representative data of 13,725 adults aged ≥ 19 who answered the question about pet ownership in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994, as the baseline survey. Vital status was followed through December 31st, 2010. RESULTS About 43% of the study population owned pets, with 20.4% having cats and 4.6% having birds. A total of 213 lung cancer deaths were recorded by the end of 183,094 unweighted person-years of follow-up with a lung-cancer specific death rate of 1.00 per 1000 person-years. After adjustment for cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, body mass index, history of atopic conditions, and serum cotinine, owning a pet (any) was associated with a doubled mortality rate among women for lung cancer [hazard ratio (HR)= 2.31 (1.41-3.79)] over non-owners. This association was largely attributed to having a cat or a bird. The HR was 2.85 (1.62-5.01) for cats, and 2.67 (0.68-10.5) for birds. The HR for dogs was 1.01 (0.57-1.77). No significant patterns of association were observed among men either for any pets or for a subtype of pet. CONCLUSIONS Living with a pet, especially, a cat or a bird, was significantly associated with elevated hazard of dying from lung cancer among women. The detrimental effect that pets conferred was not explained by confounding from cigarette smoking or atopic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atin Adhikari
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
| | - Naduparambil K Jacob
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Andrew R Hansen
- Department of Community Health, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
| | - Yudan Wei
- Department of Community Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA 31027, USA
| | - Kassandra Snook
- Department of Epidemiology, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
| | - Fengqi Liu
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mansuet-Lupo A, Barritault M, Alifano M, Janet-Vendroux A, Zarmaev M, Biton J, Velut Y, Le Hay C, Cremer I, Régnard JF, Fournel L, Rance B, Wislez M, Laurent-Puig P, Herbst R, Damotte D, Blons H. Proposal for a Combined Histomolecular Algorithm to Distinguish Multiple Primary Adenocarcinomas from Intrapulmonary Metastasis in Patients with Multiple Lung Tumors. J Thorac Oncol 2019; 14:844-856. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
47
|
Pritchett MA, Camidge DR, Patel M, Khatri J, Boniol S, Friedman EK, Khomani A, Dalia S, Baker-Neblett K, Plagnol V, Howarth KD, Jones GR, Rosenfeld N, Morris CD, Govindan R. Prospective Clinical Validation of the InVisionFirst-Lung Circulating Tumor DNA Assay for Molecular Profiling of Patients With Advanced Nonsquamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. JCO Precis Oncol 2019; 3:PO.18.00299. [PMID: 32914040 PMCID: PMC7450945 DOI: 10.1200/po.18.00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Guidelines advocate molecular profiling in the evaluation of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and support the use of plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)-based profiling for patients with insufficient tissue. Thorough prospective clinical validation studies of next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based ctDNA assays are lacking. We report the multicentered prospective clinical validation of the InVision ctDNA assay in patients with advanced untreated NSCLC. METHODS A total of 264 patients with untreated advanced NSCLC were prospectively recruited, and their plasma was analyzed using a ctDNA NGS assay for detection of genomic alterations in 36 commonly mutated genes. Tumor tissue was available in 178 patients for molecular profiling for comparison with plasma profiling. The remaining 86 patients were included to compare ctDNA profiles in patients with and without tissue for profiling. RESULTS Concordance of InVisionFirst with matched tissue profiling was 97.8%, with 82.9% positive predictive value, 98.5% negative predictive value, 70.6% sensitivity, and 99.2% specificity. Considering specific alterations in eight genes that most influence patient management, the positive predictive value was 97.8%, with 97.1% negative predictive value, 73.9% sensitivity, and 99.8% specificity. Across the entire study, 48 patients with actionable alterations were identified by ctDNA testing compared with only 38 by tissue testing. ctDNA NGS reported either an actionable alteration or an alteration generally considered mutually exclusive for such actionable changes in 53% of patients. CONCLUSION The liquid biopsy NGS assay demonstrated excellent concordance with tissue profiling in this multicenter, prospective, clinical validation study, with sensitivity and specificity equivalent to Food and Drug Administration-approved single-gene ctDNA assays. The use of plasma-based molecular profiling using NGS led to the detection of 26% more actionable alterations compared with standard-of-care tissue testing in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manu Patel
- Jackson Oncology Associates, Jackson, MS
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nitzan Rosenfeld
- Inivata, Research Triangle Park, NC
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Xu K, Park D, Magis AT, Zhang J, Zhou W, Sica GL, Ramalingam SS, Curran WJ, Deng X. Small Molecule KRAS Agonist for Mutant KRAS Cancer Therapy. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:85. [PMID: 30971271 PMCID: PMC6456974 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer patients with KRAS mutation(s) have a poor prognosis due in part to the development of resistance to currently available therapeutic interventions. Development of a new class of anticancer agents that directly targets KRAS may provide a more attractive option for the treatment of KRAS-mutant lung cancer. Results Here we identified a small molecule KRAS agonist, KRA-533, that binds the GTP/GDP-binding pocket of KRAS. In vitro GDP/GTP exchange assay reveals that KRA-533 activates KRAS by preventing the cleavage of GTP into GDP, leading to the accumulation of GTP-KRAS, an active form of KRAS. Treatment of human lung cancer cells with KRA-533 resulted in increased KRAS activity and suppression of cell growth. Lung cancer cell lines with KRAS mutation were relatively more sensitive to KRA-533 than cell lines without KRAS mutation. Mutating one of the hydrogen-bonds among the KRA-533 binding amino acids in KRAS (mutant K117A) resulted in failure of KRAS to bind KRA-533. KRA-533 had no effect on the activity of K117A mutant KRAS, suggesting that KRA-533 binding to K117 is required for KRA-533 to enhance KRAS activity. Intriguingly, KRA-533-mediated KRAS activation not only promoted apoptosis but also autophagic cell death. In mutant KRAS lung cancer xenografts and genetically engineered mutant KRAS-driven lung cancer models, KRA-533 suppressed malignant growth without significant toxicity to normal tissues. Conclusions The development of this KRAS agonist as a new class of anticancer drug offers a potentially effective strategy for the treatment of lung cancer with KRAS mutation and/or mutant KRAS-driven lung cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12943-019-1012-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Dongkyoo Park
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | | | - Jun Zhang
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Gabriel L Sica
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Suresh S Ramalingam
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Walter J Curran
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Xingming Deng
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kuroda H, Yoshida T, Arimura T, Mizuno T, Sakakura N, Yatabe Y, Sakao Y. Contribution of smoking habit to the prognosis of stage I KRAS-mutated non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Biomark 2019; 23:419-426. [PMID: 30223391 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-181483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the known risk factors for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is somatic mutation in the Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) gene. The relationship with smoking is well known. METHODS We retrospectively studied the data of 92 patients who underwent pulmonary resection January 2003 and June 2012 and were diagnosed as KRAS-mutated pathological stage I adenocarcinoma. RESULTS Among them, 33 patients who were non to light smoker (NLS) (smoking index, 0 to 400) were compared with 59 middle to heavy smoker (MHS) (> 400). The 5-year overall survival (OS) was significantly better in NLS (96.9%) than in MHS (80.0%); however, no significant difference was observed compared with wild-type KRAS (92.8%) (p= 0.66). The presence of p53 was significantly associated with smoking history (p< 0.01). The 5-year OS for NLS with p53-negative KRAS codon 12-mutated NSCLC (n= 28) was significantly better (96.3%) than that for MHS with both p53-positive and -negative KRAS mutation (p= 0.03 and p< 0.03, respectively). CONCLUSIONS A non to light smoking habit might contribute to an improvement in prognosis that is equivalent to that of wild-type KRAS, and p53 mutation did not affect survival in smokers harboring KRAS codon 12.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kuroda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yoshida
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takaaki Arimura
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizuno
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Noriaki Sakakura
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yatabe
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukinori Sakao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Darrason M, Martin A, Soussan M, Chouahnia K, Pailler MC, Boudabous H, Brillet PY, Bousquet G, Zelek L, Duchemann B. Immunotherapy for LELC: Case Report and a Focused Review. Clin Lung Cancer 2018; 20:e393-e401. [PMID: 30691964 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the lung (LELC) is a rare, Epstein-Barr virus-associated tumor. LELC occurs mostly in young, Asian nonsmokers. A few hundred cases have been reported, mostly from retrospective Asian studies. Optimal treatment has not been clearly established. Treatment options are based on surgery for early stage and on cisplatin-based chemotherapy as first-line therapy for metastatic disease. Prognosis may seem better than for other types of non-small-cell lung cancer, but it remains poor in advanced disease, with a median survival of 24 months, and new treatments options are still warranted. Immunotherapies are now key players in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. However, few data are available for this rare histologic subgroup. We have reviewed the available data on LELC with a focus on the first few cases reported with a response to a programmed cell death 1 inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Darrason
- Oncologie Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Seine-Saint-Denis, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny Laboratoire d'Oncoim, Oncology, Bobigny, France
| | - Antoine Martin
- Oncologie Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Seine-Saint-Denis, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny Laboratoire d'Oncoim, Oncology, Bobigny, France
| | - Michael Soussan
- Oncologie Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Seine-Saint-Denis, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny Laboratoire d'Oncoim, Oncology, Bobigny, France
| | - Kader Chouahnia
- Oncologie Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Seine-Saint-Denis, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny Laboratoire d'Oncoim, Oncology, Bobigny, France
| | - Marie-Christine Pailler
- Oncologie Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Seine-Saint-Denis, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny Laboratoire d'Oncoim, Oncology, Bobigny, France
| | - Hanene Boudabous
- Oncologie Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Seine-Saint-Denis, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny Laboratoire d'Oncoim, Oncology, Bobigny, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Brillet
- Oncologie Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Seine-Saint-Denis, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny Laboratoire d'Oncoim, Oncology, Bobigny, France
| | - Guilhem Bousquet
- Oncologie Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Seine-Saint-Denis, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny Laboratoire d'Oncoim, Oncology, Bobigny, France
| | - Laurent Zelek
- Oncologie Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Seine-Saint-Denis, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny Laboratoire d'Oncoim, Oncology, Bobigny, France
| | - Boris Duchemann
- Oncologie Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Seine-Saint-Denis, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny Laboratoire d'Oncoim, Oncology, Bobigny, France.
| |
Collapse
|