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Zhou Y, Yue Y, Fan S, Jia Q, Ding X. Advances in Pathophysiology of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: The Potential of lncRNAs for Clinical Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognostic Monitoring. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 63:1093-1102. [PMID: 34245439 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00368-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in several gene expression regulation processes, including epigenetic regulation, transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional regulation, and translation regulation. It also plays a crucial role in the regulation of several characteristics of cancer biology, and the dysregulation of lncRNA expression in cancer may be part of the cause of cancer progression. Meanwhile, more and more studies are trying to determine the association between lncRNA expression and TNBC, as well as the functional role and molecular mechanism of the abnormally expressed lncRNA. Therefore, this review lists some abnormal lncRNAs in TNBC, further analyzes their molecular mechanisms and biological roles in the development of TNBC, and summarizes the potential of lncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets of TNBC, so as to provide ideas for clinical diagnosis, targeted therapy, and prognosis monitoring of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangkun Zhou
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yang Yue
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Siyu Fan
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Qiaojun Jia
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xianfeng Ding
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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2
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Ruan H, Zhou Y, Shen J, Zhai Y, Xu Y, Pi L, Huang R, Chen K, Li X, Ma W, Wu Z, Deng X, Wang X, Zhang C, Guan M. Circulating tumor cell characterization of lung cancer brain metastases in the cerebrospinal fluid through single-cell transcriptome analysis. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:e246. [PMID: 33377642 PMCID: PMC7737787 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain metastases explain the majority of mortality associated with lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer death. Cytology analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) remains the diagnostic gold standard, however, the circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in CSF (CSF-CTCs) are not well defined at the molecular and transcriptome levels. METHODS We established an effective CSF-CTCs collection procedure and isolated individual CSF cells from five lung adenocarcinoma leptomeningeal metastases (LUAD-LM) patients and three controls. Three thousand seven hundred ninety-two single-cell transcriptomes were sequenced, and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) gene expression analysis was used to perform a comprehensive characterization of CSF cells. RESULTS Through clustering and expression analysis, we defined CSF-CTCs at the transcriptome level based on epithelial markers, proliferation markers, and genes with lung origin. The metastatic-CTC signature genes are enriched for metabolic pathway and cell adhesion molecule categories, which are crucial for the survival and metastases of tumor cells. We discovered substantial heterogeneity in patient CSF-CTCs. We quantified the degree of heterogeneity and found significantly greater among-patient heterogeneity compared to among-cell heterogeneity within a patient. This observation could be explained by spatial heterogeneity of metastatic sites, cell-cycle gene, and cancer-testis antigen (CTA) expression profiles as well as the proportion of CTCs displaying mesenchymal and cancer stem cell properties. In addition, our CSF-CTCs transcriptome profiling allowed us to determine the biomarkers during the progression of an LM patient with cancer of unknown primary site (CUP). CONCLUSIONS Our results will provide candidate genes for an RNA-based digital detection of CSF-CTCs from LUAD-LM and CUP-LM cases, and shed light on the therapy and mechanism of LUAD-LM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Ruan
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yihang Zhou
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative MedicineShanghai East HospitalShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of PathobiologyAuburn UniversityAuburnAlabama
| | - Jie Shen
- 10K Genomics Technology Co., Ltd.ShanghaiChina
| | - Yue Zhai
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative MedicineShanghai East HospitalShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ying Xu
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative MedicineShanghai East HospitalShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Linyu Pi
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative MedicineShanghai East HospitalShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ruofan Huang
- Department of OncologyHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryHuashan Hospital NorthFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryHuashan Hospital NorthFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Weizhe Ma
- Central LaboratoryHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryHuashan Hospital NorthFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xuan Deng
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of PathobiologyAuburn UniversityAuburnAlabama
- HudsonAlpha Institute for BiotechnologyHuntsvilleAlabama
- Alabama Agricultural Experiment StationAuburn UniversityAuburnAlabama
| | - Chao Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative MedicineShanghai East HospitalShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ming Guan
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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3
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Chen C, Yang L, Rivandi M, Franken A, Fehm T, Neubauer H. Bioinformatic Identification of a Breast-Specific Transcript Profile. Proteomics Clin Appl 2020; 14:e2000007. [PMID: 32558282 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify a breast-specific transcript profile for the first time, and present an updated bioinformatics strategy for searching tissue-specific transcripts and predicting their significance in cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The RNA-seq data of 49 311 transcripts in 88 human tissues from the GTEx, the Illumina Body Map, and the RIKEN FANTOM5 project are integrated to screen breast-specific transcripts. Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, TGCA, and Kaplan-Meier Plotter are used to examine their expression in cancer tissues and values for prognosis prediction. RESULTS Only 96 transcripts in human genome are breast-specific for women. Among them, ankyrin repeat domain 30A (ANKRD30A) and long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 993 (LINC00993) are further analyzed. The two transcripts are also breast-specific in 33 types of common female cancer and are often dysregulated in breast cancer tissues. Their expression is higher in the luminal breast cancer while significantly downregulated in triple-negative breast cancer. Moreover, the high expression levels of ANKRD30A and LINC0993 in breast cancer tissues indicate a better prognosis of patients with breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Breast-specific transcripts in human genome are rare and poorly understood currently. The data indicate that these breast-specific biomarkers are promising candidates for screening early cancer, assessing treatment response, monitoring recurrence, identifying metastatic tumor origin, and serving as potential targets for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heinrich Heine University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, 40225, Germany.,Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Liwen Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heinrich Heine University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Mahdi Rivandi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heinrich Heine University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - André Franken
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heinrich Heine University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Tanja Fehm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heinrich Heine University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Hans Neubauer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heinrich Heine University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, 40225, Germany
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4
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Site- and structure-specific quantitative N-glycoproteomics study of differential N-glycosylation in MCF-7 cancer cells. J Proteomics 2020; 212:103594. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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5
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Wang Y, Li H, Ma J, Fang T, Li X, Liu J, Afewerky HK, Li X, Gao Q. Integrated Bioinformatics Data Analysis Reveals Prognostic Significance Of SIDT1 In Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:8401-8410. [PMID: 31632087 PMCID: PMC6792947 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s215898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease with a worse prognosis. However, current therapies have rarely improved the outcome of patients with TNBC. Here we sought to identify novel biomarkers or targets for TNBC. Materials and methods Patients GSE76275 clinic traits and their corresponding mRNA profiles for 198 TNBC and 67 non-TNBC were obtained from the GEO database. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of the GSE76275 keyed out hub genes, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified with the cut-off of adjusted P (adj. P) <0.01 and |log2 fold-change (FC)| > 1.5. The hub - DEGs overlapping genes, as key genes, were considered for further study using Kaplan-Meier plotter online analysis. Subsequently, Breast Cancer Gene-Expression Miner v4.0 and tissue microarray analysis were applied to determine the transcriptional and translational levels of every key gene. Following plasmid transfection for overexpression, the proliferation of TNBC cells was determined by CCK8 and colony formation assay. Moreover, xenograft tumor models were canvassed to investigate their effect upon in vivo tumor growth. Results Four genes (SIDT1, ANKRD30A, GPR160, and CA12) were found to be associated with relapse-free survival (RFS) in TNBC through WGCNA and DEGs integrated analysis. Patients with a higher level of SIDT1 had significantly better RFS compared to those with lower levels. The transcriptional and translational levels of SIDT1 were validated as downregulated in patients with triple-negative status, negative estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Furthermore, SIDT1 inhibited proliferation of breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468) and xenograft studies demonstrated that SIDT1 can suppress tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion This study suggests that SIDT1 may play a crucial role in TNBC progression and has the potential as a prognostic biomarker of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanning Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Fang
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Henok Kessete Afewerky
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinglei Gao
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Rodríguez Bautista R, Ortega Gómez A, Hidalgo Miranda A, Zentella Dehesa A, Villarreal-Garza C, Ávila-Moreno F, Arrieta O. Long non-coding RNAs: implications in targeted diagnoses, prognosis, and improved therapeutic strategies in human non- and triple-negative breast cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:88. [PMID: 29983835 PMCID: PMC6020372 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0514-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has been clinically difficult to manage because of tumor aggressiveness, cellular and histological heterogeneity, and molecular mechanisms’ complexity. All this in turn leads us to evaluate that tumor biological behavior is not yet fully understood. Additionally, the heterogeneity of tumor cells represents a great biomedicine challenge in terms of the complex molecular—genetical-transcriptional and epigenetical—mechanisms, which have not been fully elucidated on human solid tumors. Recently, human breast cancer, but specifically TNBC is under basic and clinical-oncology research in the discovery of new molecular biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets to improve treatment responses, as well as for seeking algorithms for patient stratification, seeking a positive impact in clinical-oncology outcomes and life quality on breast cancer patients. In this sense, important knowledge is emerging regarding several cancer molecular aberrations, including higher genetic mutational rates, LOH, CNV, chromosomal, and epigenetic alterations, as well as transcriptome aberrations in terms of the total gene-coding ribonucleic acids (RNAs), known as mRNAs, as well as non-coding RNA (ncRNA) sequences. In this regard, novel investigation fields have included microRNAs (miRNAs), as well as long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), which have been importantly related and are likely involved in the induction, promotion, progression, and/or clinical therapeutic response trackers of TNBC. Based on this, in general terms according with the five functional archetype classification, the lncRNAs may be involved in the regulation of several molecular mechanisms which include genetic expression, epigenetic, transcriptional, and/or post-transcriptional mechanisms, which are nowadays not totally understood. Here, we have reviewed the main dis-regulated and functionally non- and well-characterized lncRNAs and their likely involvement, from a molecular enrichment and mechanistic point of view, as tumor biomarkers for breast cancer and its specific histological subtype, TNBC. In reference to the abovementioned, it has been described that some lncRNA expression profiles correspond or are associated with the TNBC histological subtype, potentially granting their use for TNBC malignant progression, diagnosis, tumor clinical stage, and likely therapy. Based on this, lncRNAs have been proposed as potential biomarkers which might represent potential predictive tools in the differentiated breast carcinomas versus TNBC malignant disease. Finally, elucidation of the specific or multi-functional archetypal of lncRNAs in breast cancer and TNBC could be fundamental, as these molecular intermediary-regulator “lncRNAs” are widely involved in the genome expression, epigenome regulation, and transcriptional and post-transcriptional tumor biology, which in turn will probably represent a new prospect in clinical and/or therapeutic molecular targets for the oncological management of breast carcinomas in general and also for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Rodríguez Bautista
- Thoracic Oncology Unit and Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), San Fernando #22, Section XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.,Biomedical Science Doctorate Program, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alette Ortega Gómez
- Thoracic Oncology Unit and Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), San Fernando #22, Section XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | | | - Alejandro Zentella Dehesa
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico D.F, Mexico
| | | | - Federico Ávila-Moreno
- Lung Diseases And Cancer Epigenomics Laboratory, Biomedicine Research Unit (UBIMED), Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES) Iztacala, National University Autonomous of México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.,Research Unit, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases (INER) "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Oscar Arrieta
- Thoracic Oncology Unit and Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), San Fernando #22, Section XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
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Vital D, Ikenberg K, Moch H, Roessle M, Huber GF. The expression of the cancer testis antigen MAGE A4: A favorable prognostic biomarker in salivary gland carcinomas related to low tumor grading. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2018; 3:182-190. [PMID: 30062133 PMCID: PMC6057220 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aim was to analyze the expression of different cancer testis antigens (CTA) and to assess its prognostic value in salivary gland carcinomas. Methods Patients with salivary gland carcinomas diagnosed 1994 to 2010 were included. Baseline characteristics, pathohistological, clinical, and outcome data were assessed. Tissue microarrays were constructed and immunohistochemistry for different CTA (NY-ESO1, NY-BR1, MAGE A1, MAGE A3, MAGE A4, MAGE C1/CT7, and MAGE C2/CT10) was performed. CTA expression was assessed and statistically correlated with pathological and outcome data. Results Expression rates of CTA in salivary gland tumors ranged from 0% to 40%. MAGE A4 expression was associated with a lower tumor grade tumor grading (P = .017), and a favorable recurrence-free (P = .003), disease-specific (P = .046) and overall survival (P = .028). Conclusions MAGE A4 is a highly significant prognostic marker in salivary gland carcinoma; its expression is associated with low-grade histology, a low rate of distant metastasis and a favorable survival. Level of Evidence 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenic Vital
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Kristian Ikenberg
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Holger Moch
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Matthias Roessle
- University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland.,Institute of Pathology, Kantonsspital Graubuenden Chur Switzerland
| | - Gerhard F Huber
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Kantonsspital St. Gallen St. Gallen Switzerland
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Zombori T, Cserni G. Immunohistochemical Analysis of the Expression of Breast Markers in Basal-like Breast Carcinomas Defined as Triple Negative Cancers Expressing Keratin 5. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 24:259-267. [PMID: 28470571 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-017-0246-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen and progesterone receptors are possible markers for suggesting a mammary origin of metastatic carcinoma, but are useless in cases of triple negative breast cancers (TNBC). Five other potential markers of breast origin were investigated on tissue microarrays in a series of TNBCs showing keratin 5 expression, consistent with a basal-like phenotype. GATA-3 staining was observed in 82 of 115 triple negative cases (71.3%) including 23 cases with >5% staining. Mammaglobin staining was detected in 30 cases (26.0%) including 12 with >5% staining. GCDFP-15 was seen in 23 cases (20.0%) including 9 with >5% staining. NY-BR-1 positivity was present in 7 cases (6.0%) including 3 patients with >5% staining. BCA-225 staining was observed in 74 cases (64.3%); however this latter marker lacks also specificity owing to the reported widespread staining in other malignancies. GATA-3, mammaglobin and GCDFP-15 coexpression was seen in one case (0.9%), whereas GATA-3 and mammaglobin or mammaglobin and GCDFP-15 coexpression was present in 2 and 2 cases (1.7%), respectively. Using at least 5% staining as cut-off, the expression of any of the last 4 markers was 34.7%. The expression of GATA-3, mammaglobin, GCDFP-15 and NY-BR-1 is lower in TNBC-s than in breast carcinomas in general, and this may be even lower in basal-like carcinomas. Although these markers are not fully specific, by using them, a subset of basal-like TNBC-s can be identified as of mammary origin. However, a substantial proportion will not show any staining with any of these markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Zombori
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine, Állomás u. 1, Szeged, 6725, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Cserni
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine, Állomás u. 1, Szeged, 6725, Hungary
- Department of Pathology, Bács-Kiskun County Teaching Hospital, Kecskemét, Hungary
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9
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Biserni GB, Di Oto E, Moskovszky LE, Foschini MP, Varga Z. Preferential expression of NY-BR-1 and GATA-3 in male breast cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:199-204. [PMID: 29116378 PMCID: PMC5794829 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2542-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male breast cancer is an uncommon disease often discovered in advanced stage; thus, in the setting of metastatic adenocarcinoma, breast origin must be taken to account. Breast markers as NY-BR-1, GATA-3, mammaglobin, and BRST-2 are established tools for labelling primary and metastatic female breast cancer; however, none of them has been sufficiently studied in male breast cancer. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of these markers in male breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty consecutive cases of male breast cancer and eight loco-regional metastases were re-revaluated, assembled in tissue micro array (TMA), and stained with immunohistochemistry (IHC) for NY-BR-1, GATA-3, mammaglobin, and BRST-2. The IHC stains were scored either positive or negative. In addition, concordant expression patterns of primary tumors and matched metastasis were noted. RESULTS 30 of 30 (100%) primary tumors and 8 of 8 (100%) metastases were positive for NY-BR-1. 30 of 30 (100%) primary tumors and 6 of 8 (75%) metastases were positive for GATA-3. 22 of 30 (73.3%) primary tumors and 6 of 8 (75%) metastases were positive for Mammaglobin. 18 of 30 (60%) primary tumors and 5 of 8 (62.5%) metastases were positive for BRST-2. Differences in staining percentage were not significant with Fisher's exact test. CONCLUSION We found a high sensitivity for all the markers analyzed. Moreover, the expression of NY-BR-1 and GATA-3 seemed the most effective for labelling male breast cancer in primary and metastatic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Battista Biserni
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology "M. Malpighi", Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, at Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Di Oto
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology "M. Malpighi", Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, at Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Linda Eszter Moskovszky
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Pia Foschini
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology "M. Malpighi", Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, at Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Zsuzsanna Varga
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
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10
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Kosaloglu Z, Bitzer J, Halama N, Huang Z, Zapatka M, Schneeweiss A, Jäger D, Zörnig I. In silico SNP analysis of the breast cancer antigen NY-BR-1. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:901. [PMID: 27863482 PMCID: PMC5116164 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2924-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies with increasing incidences every year and a leading cause of death among women. Although early stage breast cancer can be effectively treated, there are limited numbers of treatment options available for patients with advanced and metastatic disease. The novel breast cancer associated antigen NY-BR-1 was identified by SEREX analysis and is expressed in the majority (>70%) of breast tumors as well as metastases, in normal breast tissue, in testis and occasionally in prostate tissue. The biological function and regulation of NY-BR-1 is up to date unknown. Methods We performed an in silico analysis on the genetic variations of the NY-BR-1 gene using data available in public SNP databases and the tools SIFT, Polyphen and Provean to find possible functional SNPs. Additionally, we considered the allele frequency of the found damaging SNPs and also analyzed data from an in-house sequencing project of 55 breast cancer samples for recurring SNPs, recorded in dbSNP. Results Over 2800 SNPs are recorded in the dbSNP and NHLBI ESP databases for the NY-BR-1 gene. Of these, 65 (2.07%) are synonymous SNPs, 191 (6.09%) are non-synoymous SNPs, and 2430 (77.48%) are noncoding intronic SNPs. As a result, 69 non-synoymous SNPs were predicted to be damaging by at least two, and 16 SNPs were predicted as damaging by all three of the used tools. The SNPs rs200639888, rs367841401 and rs377750885 were categorized as highly damaging by all three tools. Eight damaging SNPs are located in the ankyrin repeat domain (ANK), a domain known for its frequent involvement in protein-protein interactions. No distinctive features could be observed in the allele frequency of the analyzed SNPs. Conclusion Considering these results we expect to gain more insights into the variations of the NY-BR-1 gene and their possible impact on giving rise to splice variants and therefore influence the function of NY-BR-1 in healthy tissue as well as in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Kosaloglu
- Clinical Cooperation Unit "Applied Tumor Immunity", National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Bitzer
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niels Halama
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zhiqin Huang
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Zapatka
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Jäger
- Clinical Cooperation Unit "Applied Tumor Immunity", National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Inka Zörnig
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. .,, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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11
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Chen C, Li Z, Yang Y, Xiang T, Song W, Liu S. Microarray expression profiling of dysregulated long non-coding RNAs in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 16:856-65. [PMID: 25996380 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1040957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a collection of malignant breast tumors that are often aggressive and have an increased risk of metastasis and relapse. Long non-coding RNAs are generally defined as RNA transcripts measuring 200 nucleotides or longer that do not encode for any protein. During the past decade, increasing evidence has shown that lncRNAs play important roles in oncogenesis and tumor suppression; however, the roles of lncRNAs in TNBC are poorly understood. To address this issue, we used Agilent human lncRNA microarray chips and bioinformatics tools, including Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), to assess lncRNA expression in 3 pairs of TNBC tissues. A dysregulated lncRNA expression profile was identified by microarray and verified by qRT-PCR in 48 pairs of breast cancer subtype tissues. Metastasis is the major cause of cancer-related deaths, including those in TNBC, and the presence of dormant residual disseminated tumor cells (DTC) may be a key factor leading to metastasis. ANKRD30A, a potential target for breast cancer immunotherapy, is currently one of the most used DTC markers. Notably, we found the expression levels of the novel intergenic lncRNA LINC00993 to be associated with the expression levels of ANKRD30A. Furthermore, our qRT-PCR data indicated that the expression of LINC00993 was also associated with the expression of the estrogen receptor. In conclusion, our study identified a set of lncRNAs that were consistently aberrantly expressed in TNBC, and these dysregulated lncRNAs may be involved in the development and/or progression of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- a Department of Surgery ; The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University ; Chongqing , China
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12
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Rodríguez-Iglesias B, Novella-Maestre E, Herraiz S, Díaz-García C, Pellicer N, Pellicer A. New methods to improve the safety assessment of cryopreserved ovarian tissue for fertility preservation in breast cancer patients. Fertil Steril 2015; 104:1493-502.e1-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Immunohistochemical profile of breast cancer with respect to estrogen receptor and HER2 status. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2015; 23:202-8. [PMID: 25356941 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There are a few studies that have evaluated a panel of stains on a single large data set of breast cancers, which is required for direct comparison between antibodies. The immunohistochemical panel in this study was chosen to include breast-specific markers and markers that are expressed in tumors resembling breast cancer. The individual marker positivity in decreasing order was 95% (177/186) for GATA-3, 92% (172/186) for cytokeratin (CK)7, 80% (151/189) for AR, 80% for estrogen receptor (158/198), 69% for progesterone receptor (137/198), 55% (105/190) for NY-BR-1, 52% (99/189) for mammaglobin, 31% (59/191) for vimentin, 26% (51/195) for GCDFP-15, 0.5% (1/186) for CK20, and 0% (0/188) for PAX-8. When tumors were categorized based on estrogen receptor and HER2 status; a total of 45 profiles were identified. In addition, some tumors showed an unconventional profile-although the majority of breast carcinomas were CK7-positive/CK20-negative, a CK7-negative/CK20-negative profile was seen in ∼8% of the cases. Such a profile can create confusion in investigation of a carcinoma of unknown origin. The results define the individual sensitivity of each marker and establish a baseline diagnostic profile of breast cancer in a large data set. In addition, the results support the use of immunohistochemical panel for confirming or determining breast as the source of metastasis.
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14
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Novel genes associated with lymph node metastasis in triple negative breast cancer. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15832. [PMID: 26537449 PMCID: PMC4633580 DOI: 10.1038/srep15832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype with the worst prognosis and no targeted treatments. TNBC patients are more likely to develop metastases and relapse than patients with other breast cancer subtypes. We aimed to identify TNBC-specific genes and genes associated with lymph node metastasis, one of the first signs of metastatic spread. A total of 33 TNBCs were used; 17 of which had matched normal adjacent tissues available, and 15 with matched lymph node metastases. Gene expression microarray analysis was used to reveal genes that were differentially expressed between these groups. We identified and validated 66 genes that are significantly altered when comparing tumours to normal adjacent samples. Further, we identified 83 genes that are associated with lymph node metastasis and correlated these with miRNA-expression. Pathway analysis revealed their involvement in DNA repair, recombination and cell death, chromosomal instability and other known cancer-related pathways. Finally, four genes were identified that were specific for TNBC, of which one was associated with overall survival. This study has identified novel genes involved in LN metastases in TNBC and genes that are TNBC specific that may be used as treatment targets or prognostic indicators in the future.
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15
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Milioli HH, Vimieiro R, Riveros C, Tishchenko I, Berretta R, Moscato P. The Discovery of Novel Biomarkers Improves Breast Cancer Intrinsic Subtype Prediction and Reconciles the Labels in the METABRIC Data Set. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129711. [PMID: 26132585 PMCID: PMC4488510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prediction of breast cancer intrinsic subtypes has been introduced as a valuable strategy to determine patient diagnosis and prognosis, and therapy response. The PAM50 method, based on the expression levels of 50 genes, uses a single sample predictor model to assign subtype labels to samples. Intrinsic errors reported within this assay demonstrate the challenge of identifying and understanding the breast cancer groups. In this study, we aim to: a) identify novel biomarkers for subtype individuation by exploring the competence of a newly proposed method named CM1 score, and b) apply an ensemble learning, as opposed to the use of a single classifier, for sample subtype assignment. The overarching objective is to improve class prediction. METHODS AND FINDINGS The microarray transcriptome data sets used in this study are: the METABRIC breast cancer data recorded for over 2000 patients, and the public integrated source from ROCK database with 1570 samples. We first computed the CM1 score to identify the probes with highly discriminative patterns of expression across samples of each intrinsic subtype. We further assessed the ability of 42 selected probes on assigning correct subtype labels using 24 different classifiers from the Weka software suite. For comparison, the same method was applied on the list of 50 genes from the PAM50 method. CONCLUSIONS The CM1 score portrayed 30 novel biomarkers for predicting breast cancer subtypes, with the confirmation of the role of 12 well-established genes. Intrinsic subtypes assigned using the CM1 list and the ensemble of classifiers are more consistent and homogeneous than the original PAM50 labels. The new subtypes show accurate distributions of current clinical markers ER, PR and HER2, and survival curves in the METABRIC and ROCK data sets. Remarkably, the paradoxical attribution of the original labels reinforces the limitations of employing a single sample classifiers to predict breast cancer intrinsic subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloisa Helena Milioli
- Priority Research Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Environmental and Life Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Renato Vimieiro
- Priority Research Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Centro de Informática, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Carlos Riveros
- Priority Research Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Inna Tishchenko
- Priority Research Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Regina Berretta
- Priority Research Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Pablo Moscato
- Priority Research Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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16
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Liu H. Application of immunohistochemistry in breast pathology: a review and update. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2015; 138:1629-42. [PMID: 25427042 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2014-0094-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Immunohistochemistry is a valuable tool in routine breast pathology, used for both diagnostic and prognostic parameters. The diagnostic immunomarkers are the scope of this review. Most breast lesions can be diagnosed on routine hematoxylin-eosin sections; however, in several scenarios, such as morphologically equivocal cases or metastatic tumors of unknown primary, the appropriate application of immunohistochemistry adds true value in reaching an accurate diagnosis. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic utility of the most commonly studied immunomarkers in the field of breast pathology by review of the literature, using the database of indexed articles in PubMed (US National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland) from 1976 to 2013. DATA SOURCES Literature review, and author's research data and personal practice experience. CONCLUSIONS The appropriate use of immunohistochemistry by applying a panel of immunomarkers and using a standardized technical and interpretational method will complement the morphologic assessment and aid in the accurate classification of difficult breast lesions and the identification of metastasis from a breast primary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Liu
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania
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17
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Gardyan A, Osen W, Zörnig I, Podola L, Agarwal M, Aulmann S, Ruggiero E, Schmidt M, Halama N, Leuchs B, von Kalle C, Beckhove P, Schneeweiss A, Jäger D, Eichmüller SB. Identification of NY-BR-1-specific CD4(+) T cell epitopes using HLA-transgenic mice. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:2588-97. [PMID: 25387692 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer represents the second most common cancer type worldwide and has remained the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women. The differentiation antigen NY-BR-1 appears overexpressed in invasive mammary carcinomas compared to healthy breast tissue, thus representing a promising target antigen for T cell based tumor immunotherapy approaches. Since efficient immune attack of tumors depends on the activity of tumor antigen-specific CD4(+) effector T cells, NY-BR-1 was screened for the presence of HLA-restricted CD4(+) T cell epitopes that could be included in immunological treatment approaches. Upon NY-BR-1-specific DNA immunization of HLA-transgenic mice and functional ex vivo analysis, a panel of NY-BR-1-derived library peptides was determined that specifically stimulated IFNγ secretion among splenocytes of immunized mice. Following in silico analyses, four candidate epitopes were determined which were successfully used for peptide immunization to establish NY-BR-1-specific, HLA-DRB1*0301- or HLA-DRB1*0401-restricted CD4(+) T cell lines from splenocytes of peptide immunized HLA-transgenic mice. Notably, all four CD4(+) T cell lines recognized human HLA-DR-matched dendritic cells (DC) pulsed with lysates of NY-BR-1 expressing human tumor cells, demonstrating natural processing of these epitopes also within the human system. Finally, CD4(+) T cells specific for all four CD4(+) T cell epitopes were detectable among PBMC of breast cancer patients, showing that CD4(+) T cell responses against the new epitopes are not deleted nor inactivated by self-tolerance mechanisms. Our results present the first NY-BR-1-specific HLA-DRB1*0301- and HLA-DRB1*0401-restricted T cell epitopes that could be exploited for therapeutic intervention against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriane Gardyan
- Department of Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ), Germany
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18
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Liu H, Shi J, Prichard JW, Gong Y, Lin F. Immunohistochemical evaluation of GATA-3 expression in ER-negative breast carcinomas. Am J Clin Pathol 2014; 141:648-55. [PMID: 24713735 DOI: 10.1309/ajcp0q9uqteeslhn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Estrogen receptor (ER), gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (GCDFP-15), and mammaglobin (MGB) are commonly used breast-specific immunomarkers; however, about half of metastatic breast carcinomas are negative for all three. GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA-3) has emerged recently as a sensitive and relatively specific immunomarker for breast and urothelial carcinomas, but the data documenting its expression in ER-negative breast carcinomas are limited; this often poses a dilemma in the setting of metastases. The purpose of this study is to investigate expression of GATA-3 in ER-negative breast carcinomas. METHODS Immunohistochemical evaluation of GATA-3, GCDFP-15, and MGB on 96 ER-negative breast carcinomas was performed. RESULTS Overall, 69% (66/96), 15% (14/96), and 35% (34/96) of ER-negative breast carcinomas expressed GATA-3, GCDFP-15, and MGB, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that GATA-3 is, so far, the best breast-specific immunomarker, especially when encountering ER-negative metastatic breast carcinomas. GATA-3 should be included in the panel of immunomarkers in the workup of tumors of unknown primary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yun Gong
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Fan Lin
- Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA
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19
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Balafoutas D, zur Hausen A, Mayer S, Hirschfeld M, Jaeger M, Denschlag D, Gitsch G, Jungbluth A, Stickeler E. Cancer testis antigens and NY-BR-1 expression in primary breast cancer: prognostic and therapeutic implications. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:271. [PMID: 23731661 PMCID: PMC3700769 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-testis antigens (CTA) comprise a family of proteins, which are physiologically expressed in adult human tissues solely in testicular germ cells and occasionally placenta. However, CTA expression has been reported in various malignancies. CTAs have been identified by their ability to elicit autologous cellular and or serological immune responses, and are considered potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. The breast differentiation antigen NY-BR-1, expressed specifically in normal and malignant breast tissue, has also immunogenic properties. Here we evaluated the expression patterns of CTAs and NY-BR-1 in breast cancer in correlation to clinico-pathological parameters in order to determine their possible impact as prognostic factors. METHODS The reactivity pattern of various mAbs (6C1, MA454, M3H67, 57B, E978, GAGE #26 and NY-BR-1 #5) were assessed by immunohistochemistry in a tissue micro array series of 210 randomly selected primary invasive breast cancers in order to study the diversity of different CTAs (e.g. MAGE-A, NY-ESO-1, GAGE) and NY-BR-1. These expression data were correlated to clinico-pathological parameters and outcome data including disease-free and overall survival. RESULTS Expression of at least one CTA was detectable in the cytoplasm of tumor cells in 37.2% of the cases. NY-BR-1 expression was found in 46.6% of tumors, respectively. Overall, CTA expression seemed to be linked to adverse prognosis and M3H67 immunoreactivity specifically was significantly correlated to shorter overall and disease-free survival (p=0.000 and 0.024, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that M3H67 immunoreactivity could serve as potential prognostic marker in primary breast cancer patients. The exclusive expression of CTAs in tumor tissues as well as the frequent expression of NY-BR-1 could define new targets for specific breast cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Balafoutas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Freiburg, Hugstetterstraße 55, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Axel zur Hausen
- Department of Pathology, GROW- School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Postbus 5800, Maastricht 6202 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Mayer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Freiburg, Hugstetterstraße 55, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Marc Hirschfeld
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Freiburg, Hugstetterstraße 55, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Jaeger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Freiburg, Hugstetterstraße 55, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Dominik Denschlag
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Freiburg, Hugstetterstraße 55, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Gerald Gitsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Freiburg, Hugstetterstraße 55, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Achim Jungbluth
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, BOX 32, New York, NY 10021-6007, USA
| | - Elmar Stickeler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Freiburg, Hugstetterstraße 55, Freiburg 79106, Germany
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20
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Woodard AH, Yu J, Dabbs DJ, Beriwal S, Florea AV, Elishaev E, Davison JM, Krasinskas AM, Bhargava R. NY-BR-1 and PAX8 immunoreactivity in breast, gynecologic tract, and other CK7+ carcinomas: potential use for determining site of origin. Am J Clin Pathol 2011; 136:428-35. [PMID: 21846919 DOI: 10.1309/ajcpufnmez3mk1bk] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The distinction between breast and müllerian carcinomas from each other and from tumors with a similar cytokeratin profile can be difficult. We tested the usefulness of 2 new markers, NY-BR-1 and PAX8, by staining a variety of breast and gynecologic carcinomas, along with tumors of pancreas, bile ducts, stomach, and gastroesophageal junction. NY-BR-1 expression (ie, H score >10) was seen in 58.4% of breast carcinomas (111/190), 5.6% of müllerian carcinomas (8/142), 7% of pancreatic tumors (1/15), 0% of cholangiocarcinomas (0/22), 0% of gastric tumors (0/36), and 0% of gastroesophageal carcinomas (0/25). All 188 breast carcinomas were negative for PAX8. PAX8 expression was seen in 72.4% of müllerian tumors (105/145). All pancreatic tumors (n = 15), cholangiocarcinomas (n = 23), and gastric (n = 35) and gastroesophageal junction (n = 25) carcinomas were negative for PAX8. Addition of NY-BR-1 and PAX8 in a panel would be useful in distinguishing breast cancer, gynecologic tumors, and tumors of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna H. Woodard
- Department of Pathology, Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Pathology, Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - David J. Dabbs
- Department of Pathology, Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sushil Beriwal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Anca V. Florea
- Department of Pathology, Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Esther Elishaev
- Department of Pathology, Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jon M. Davison
- Department of Pathology, Presbyterian Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Alyssa M. Krasinskas
- Department of Pathology, Presbyterian Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Rohit Bhargava
- Department of Pathology, Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
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21
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Hwang JY, Lee SH, Go MJ, Kim BJ, Kim YJ, Kim DJ, Oh JH, Koo HJ, Cha MJ, Lee MH, Yun JY, Yoo HS, Kang YA, Oh KW, Kang MI, Son HY, Kim SY, Kim GS, Han BG, Cho YS, Koh JM, Lee JY. Genome-wide Association Study Identification of a New Genetic Locus with Susceptibility to Osteoporotic Fracture in the Korean Population. Genomics Inform 2011. [DOI: 10.5808/gi.2011.9.2.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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22
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Giger O, Caduff R, O'Meara A, Diener PA, Knuth A, Jäger D, Moch H, Varga Z. Frequent expression of the breast differentiation antigen NY-BR-1 in mammary and extramammary Paget's disease. Pathol Int 2010; 60:726-34. [PMID: 20946522 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2010.02591.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
While mammary Paget's disease (MPD) is clearly linked to breast cancer, the histogenesis of extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is controversial. Recently NY-BR-1, a differentiation antigen expressed in the breast and in skin adnexal structures was identified. Its protein expression is restricted to normal and neoplastic breast epithelium and to adnexal tumors of the skin. In this study, we examine NY-BR-1 expression by immunohistochemistry in 24 MPD cases with synchronous ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive breast cancer. Results were compared with 26 cases of EMPD of men (n= 4) and women (n= 22) as well as in apoeccrine glands of the axilla and mammary-like glands of the anogenital region. We found NY-BR-1 positivity in 18 of 24 MPD (75%) and in 21 of 26 EMPD (80.8%). All apoeccrine glands of the axilla and mammary-like glands of the anogenital region were NY-BR-1-positive. NY-BR-1 expression is a common finding in MPD and in EMPD. When considering the diagnosis of Paget's disease, NY-BR-1 is a useful diagnostic marker. Furthermore NY-BR-1 positivity in apoeccrine glands of the axilla and anogenital region suggests a potential histogenetic link between these structures and Paget's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Giger
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Department Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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23
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Kristiansen G, Fritzsche FR, Wassermann K, Jäger C, Tölls A, Lein M, Stephan C, Jung K, Pilarsky C, Dietel M, Moch H. GOLPH2 protein expression as a novel tissue biomarker for prostate cancer: implications for tissue-based diagnostics. Br J Cancer 2009; 99:939-48. [PMID: 18781151 PMCID: PMC2538754 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
GOLPH2 is coding the 73-kDa type II Golgi membrane antigen GOLPH2/GP73. Upregulation of GOLPH2 mRNA has been recently reported in expression array analyses of prostate cancer. As GOLPH2 protein expression in prostate tissues is currently unknown, this study aimed at a comprehensive analysis of GOLPH2 protein in benign and malignant prostate lesions. Immunohistochemically detected GOLPH2 protein expression was compared with the basal cell marker p63 and the prostate cancer marker alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) in 614 radical prostatectomy specimens. GOLPH2 exhibited a perinuclear Golgi-type staining pattern and was preferentially seen in prostatic gland epithelia. Using a semiquantitative staining intensity score, GOLPH2 expression was significantly higher in prostate cancer glands compared with normal glands (P<0.001). GOLPH2 protein was upregulated in 567 of 614 tumours (92.3%) and AMACR in 583 of 614 tumours (95%) (correlation coefficient 0.113, P = 0.005). Importantly, GOLPH2 immunohistochemistry exhibited a lower level of intratumoral heterogeneity (25 vs 45%). Further, GOLPH2 upregulation was detected in 26 of 31 (84%) AMACR-negative prostate cancer cases. These data clearly suggest GOLPH2 as an additional ancillary positive marker for tissue-based diagnosis of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kristiansen
- Department of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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24
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Belousov PV, Kuprash DV, Sazykin AY, Khlgatian SV, Penkov DN, Shebzukhov YV, Nedospasov SA. Cancer-associated antigens and antigen arrays in serological diagnostics of malignant tumors. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2008; 73:562-72. [PMID: 18605981 DOI: 10.1134/s000629790805009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The appearance of antibodies to cancer-associated antigens in biological fluids (particularly, in blood sera) of cancer patients is now a well-established fact, and their detection by immunochemical methods is a promising approach to diagnostics of malignant neoplasms. In this review, we consider some immunobiological aspects of the most extensively studied cancer-associated B-cell antigens, various applications of autoantibodies as cancer biomarkers, and prospects for the use of antigen arrays for improving diagnostic sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Belousov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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25
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Immunity to Growth Factor Receptor–Bound Protein 10, a Signal Transduction Molecule, Inhibits the Growth of Breast Cancer in Mice. Cancer Res 2008; 68:2463-70. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-5685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Theurillat JP, Zürrer-Härdi U, Varga Z, Barghorn A, Saller E, Frei C, Storz M, Behnke S, Seifert B, Fehr M, Fink D, Rageth C, Linsenmeier C, Pestalozzi B, Chen YT, Knuth A, Jäger D, Moch H. Distinct expression patterns of the immunogenic differentiation antigen NY-BR-1 in normal breast, testis and their malignant counterparts. Int J Cancer 2007; 122:1585-91. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Theurillat JP, Zürrer-Härdi U, Varga Z, Storz M, Probst-Hensch NM, Seifert B, Fehr MK, Fink D, Ferrone S, Pestalozzi B, Jungbluth AA, Chen YT, Jäger D, Knuth A, Moch H. NY-BR-1 protein expression in breast carcinoma: a mammary gland differentiation antigen as target for cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2007; 56:1723-31. [PMID: 17410359 PMCID: PMC11030863 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-007-0316-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2006] [Accepted: 03/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
NY-BR-1 is a recently identified differentiation antigen of the mammary gland. To use NY-BR-1 for T-cell-based immunotherapy, analysis of its co-expression with HLA class I antigens is required. In the present tissue microarray study, primary breast cancers (n = 1,444), recurrences (n = 88), lymph node (n = 525) and distant metastases (n = 91) were studied for NY-BR-1 expression using a novel monoclonal antibody. NY-BR-1 expression was compared with prognosis, estrogen receptor, HER2-status, EGFR and HLA class I antigen expression. NY-BR-1 was more frequently expressed in grade 1 (82%) than in grade 2 (69%) and grade 3 (46%) carcinomas (P < 0.0001). Moreover, NY-BR-1 expression correlated directly with estrogen receptor expression (P < 0.0001) and inversely correlated with HER2-status and EGFR expression (P < 0.0001 for both). Considering high expression level of co-expression, 198/1,321 (15%) primary breast carcinomas and 4/65 (6%) distant metastases expressed NY-BR-1 and HLA class I, suggesting that active immunotherapy can be applied to about 10% of breast cancer patients. Survival analysis showed an association of NY-BR-1 expression with better patient outcome (P = 0.015). No difference between NY-BR-1 expression of primary tumors and metastases could be found, indicating that the presence of NY-BR-1 in metastases can be deduced from their corresponding primary. Forty-three paired biopsies taken from patients before and after chemotherapy suggest that NY-BR-1 expression is not influenced by preceding chemotherapy (kappa = 0.89, P < 0.0001). In summary, the co-expression of NY-BR-1 with HLA class I antigens and its expression in metastases without modification by chemotherapy suggest that NY-BR-1 targeted immunotherapy represents a viable strategy in addition to other targeted cancer drug therapies of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Theurillat
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Department of Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
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28
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Seil I, Frei C, Sültmann H, Knauer SK, Engels K, Jäger E, Zatloukal K, Pfreundschuh M, Knuth A, Tseng-Chen Y, Jungbluth AA, Stauber RH, Jäger D. The differentiation antigen NY-BR-1 is a potential target for antibody-based therapies in breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2007; 120:2635-42. [PMID: 17330232 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-based cancer immunotherapy relies on the identification and characterization of target antigens and the development of potent antibodies recognizing the target. Here we report the expression analysis and molecular characterization of the differentiation antigen NY-BR-1, which we previously identified by using the SEREX (serological analysis of recombinant cDNA expression libraries) method. Corroborating methodologies, including mRNA quantitation and immunoblotting show that NY-BR-1 is strongly expressed in >70% of 129 breast tumors. Application of a NY-BR-1 specific antibody demonstrated NY-BR-1 expression in primary and metastastic breast cancers. In contrast, most of the breast cancer cell lines tested, expressed only low NY-BR-1 levels. Importantly, confocal microscopy revealed that ectopically expressed NY-BR-1 localizes to the cytoplasm and the cell membrane. NY-BR-1 localization in breast cancer specimens was also confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Bioinformatic analysis and deletion mutagenesis further show that NY-BR-1 membrane localization is mediated by 2 cis-active membrane targeting domains. Biochemical surface labeling and FACS analysis of live cells further characterize NY-BR-1 as a transmembrane protein, which can be specifically recognized by the anti-NY-BR-1 antibody on the surface of vital cells. The strong expression of NY-BR-1 in breast tumors, its cytoplasmic and membrane localization and accessibility to an ectopically applied antibody now suggest to pursue NY-BR-1 as a potential target for antibody-based therapies in breast cancer patients.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antigens, Differentiation/chemistry
- Antigens, Differentiation/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/chemistry
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Binding Sites
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cytoplasm/metabolism
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
- Immunoblotting
- Immunohistochemistry
- Membrane Proteins/chemistry
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Microscopy, Confocal
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Inka Seil
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Biomedical Research, Frankfurt, Germany
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29
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Giger OT, Lacoste E, Honegger C, Padberg B, Moch H, Varga Z. Expression of the breast differentiation antigen NY-BR-1 in a phyllodes tumor of the vulva. Virchows Arch 2007; 450:471-4. [PMID: 17318573 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-007-0377-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2006] [Accepted: 01/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We describe a phyllodes tumor of borderline malignancy in the labium majus of a 49-year-old woman. The histogenetic origin of phyllodes tumors in the vulva is controversial. Strong immunoreactivity for NY-BR-1, a novel breast differentiation antigen, was demonstrated within the epithelial components of the phyllodes tumor. A similar expression pattern was observed in mammary-like glands of the vulva. These findings provide further evidence that phyllodes tumors of the vulva might derive from mammary-like glands in the labium majus or from ectopic breast tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier T Giger
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, CH 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
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30
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Theurillat JP, Ingold F, Frei C, Zippelius A, Varga Z, Seifert B, Chen YT, Jäger D, Knuth A, Moch H. NY-ESO-1 protein expression in primary breast carcinoma and metastases—correlation with CD8+ T-cell and CD79a+ plasmacytic/B-cell infiltration. Int J Cancer 2007; 120:2411-7. [PMID: 17294444 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
NY-ESO-1 is a cancer testis antigen expressed in various malignancies and testicular germ cells. Because of its capacity to induce specific humoral and cellular immunity in patients with NY-ESO-1-positive carcinomas, it represents a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. In breast cancer, NY-ESO-1-mRNA was reported in up to 42%, but protein expression has not been determined to larger extent. In the present tissue microarray-based study, primary breast cancers (n = 1,444), in situ lesion (n = 148), recurrences (n = 88), lymph node (n = 525) and distant metastases (n = 91) were studied for NY-ESO-1 expression by immunohistochemistry. NY-ESO-1-protein expression was compared with mRNA expression by real-time PCR. NY-ESO-1-protein was detected in 3.1% (4/128) in situ lesions and in 2.1% (28/1355) invasive breast cancer. There were 1.8% (9/493) NY-ESO-1-positive lymph node and 5.1% (4/78) positive distant metastases. NY-ESO-1 was more frequently expressed in grade 3 (4.9%) than in grade 2 (0.8%) and grade 1 (0.5%) carcinomas (p < 0.0001). Presence of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T-cells correlated with NY-ESO-1 (p < 0.0001) on the tissue microarray. On randomly selected large sections, 4 out of 9 NY-ESO-1-positive tumors displayed a brisk infiltrate of CD79a+ plasmocytes/B-cells, but none of 10 NY-ESO-1-negative tumors (p < 0.05). NY-ESO-1-mRNA expression was detected in frozen samples of NY-ESO-1-protein positive (n = 6) and negative breast cancers (n = 8) and in normal testis. Comparison between mRNA and protein expression revealed that only breast cancers with NY-ESO-1-mRNA levels comparable or higher than testis expressed NY-ESO-1-protein. These findings suggest that NY-ESO-1-positive breast cancers represent a small subset of poorly differentiated tumors with evidence of cellular and humoral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Theurillat
- Department Pathology, Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Until recently, cancer therapy was based on three modalities: surgery, radiotherapy, and cytostatic chemotherapy. In most instances treatment of solid tumors was a surgical domain. For patients with incomplete resection or relapse after surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy usually offered only partial response and mostly of limited duration. By the mid-1990s visions of antibody-based therapies, vaccination strategies, and even gene-specific therapies existed but seemed far from clinical practice. United States Federal Drug Administration approval of the humanized antibody rituximab (1997) and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib (2001) has changed perceptions of oncologic treatment. These drugs turned visions into reality and led the pharmaceutical industry, clinicians, and patients to new perspectives. This article gives an overview of the development of this fourth modality in cancer therapy, so-called targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Stenner-Liewen
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Onkologie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zürich, Schweiz.
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