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Zhou Y, Dong J, Wang M, Liu Y. New insights of platelet endocytosis and its implication for platelet function. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 10:1308170. [PMID: 38264257 PMCID: PMC10803655 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1308170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis constitutes a cellular process in which cells selectively encapsulate surface substances into endocytic vesicles, also known as endosomes, thereby modulating their interaction with the environment. Platelets, as pivotal hematologic elements, play a crucial role not only in regulating coagulation and thrombus formation but also in facilitating tumor invasion and metastasis. Functioning as critical components in the circulatory system, platelets can internalize various endosomal compartments, such as surface receptors, extracellular proteins, small molecules, and pathogens, from the extracellular environment through diverse endocytic pathways, including pinocytosis, phagocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis. We summarize recent advancements in platelet endocytosis, encompassing the catalog of cargoes, regulatory mechanisms, and internal trafficking routes. Furthermore, we describe the influence of endocytosis on platelet regulatory functions and related physiological and pathological processes, aiming to offer foundational insights for future research into platelet endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jianzeng Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Glendenning LM, Zhou JY, Kukan EN, Gao C, Cummings RD, Joshi S, Whiteheart SW, Cobb BA. Platelet-localized ST6Gal1 does not impact IgG sialylation. Glycobiology 2023; 33:943-953. [PMID: 37379323 PMCID: PMC10859628 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The IgG antibody class forms an important basis of the humoral immune response, conferring reciprocal protection from both pathogens and autoimmunity. IgG function is determined by the IgG subclass, as defined by the heavy chain, as well as the glycan composition at N297, the conserved site of N-glycosylation within the Fc domain. For example, lack of core fucose promotes increased antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, whereas α2,6-linked sialylation by the enzyme ST6Gal1 helps to drive immune quiescence. Despite the immunological significance of these carbohydrates, little is known about how IgG glycan composition is regulated. We previously reported that mice with ST6Gal1-deficient B cells have unaltered IgG sialylation. Likewise, ST6Gal1 released into the plasma by hepatocytes does not significantly impact overall IgG sialylation. Since IgG and ST6Gal1 have independently been shown to exist in platelet granules, it was possible that platelet granules could serve as a B cell-extrinsic site for IgG sialylation. To address this hypothesis, we used a platelet factor 4 (Pf4)-Cre mouse to delete ST6Gal1 in megakaryocytes and platelets alone or in combination with an albumin-Cre mouse to also remove it from hepatocytes and the plasma. The resulting mouse strains were viable and had no overt pathological phenotype. We also found that despite targeted ablation of ST6Gal1, no change in IgG sialylation was apparent. Together with our prior findings, we can conclude that in mice, neither B cells, the plasma, nor platelets have a substantial role in homeostatic IgG sialylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandre M Glendenning
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-7288, USA
| | - Julie Y Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-7288, USA
| | - Emily N Kukan
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-7288, USA
| | - Chao Gao
- Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Smita Joshi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, 741 S Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA
| | - Sidney W Whiteheart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, 741 S Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA
| | - Brian A Cobb
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-7288, USA
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3
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Yang W, Wang L, Fan L, Li W, Zhao Y, Shang L, Jiang M. Photothermal Responsive Microcarriers Encapsulated With Cangrelor and 5-Fu for Colorectal Cancer Treatment. SMALL METHODS 2023:e2301002. [PMID: 38127997 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Localized chemotherapy is emerging as a potential strategy for cancer treatment due to its low systemic toxicity. However, the immune evasion of tumor cells and the lack of an intelligent design of the delivery system limit its clinical application. Herein, photothermal responsive microcarriers are designed by microfluidic electrospray for colorectal tumor treatment. The microcarriers loaded with Cangrelor, 5-FU and MXene (G-M@F/C+NIR) show sustained delivery of antiplatelet drug Cangrelor, thus inhibiting the activity of platelets, interactions of platelet-tumor cell, as well as the tumor cells invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, the sustained delivery of chemotherapeutics 5-FU and the photothermal effect provided by MXene enable the microcarriers to inhibit tumor cells proliferation and migration. In vivo studies validate that the G-M@F/C+NIR microcarriers significantly inhibites tumor growth, decreased the expression of Ki-67 in tumor cells and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the tumor microenvironment, while increased the expression of E-cadherin. It is believe that by means of the proposed photothermal responsive microcarriers, the synergistic strategy of platelet inhibition, chemotherapy, and photothermal therapy can find practical applications in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Li Wang
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Lu Fan
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Wenzhao Li
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Luoran Shang
- Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics the International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Minghua Jiang
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
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Owen JS, Rackley RJ, Hummel MA, Roepcke S, Huang H, Liu M, Idris TA, Murugesan SMN, Marwah A, Loganathan S, Ranganna G, Barve A, Waller CF, Socinski MA. Population Pharmacokinetics of MYL-1402O, a Proposed Biosimilar to Bevacizumab and Reference Product (Avastin ®) in Patients with Non-squamous Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2023; 48:675-689. [PMID: 37792130 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-023-00855-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES MYL-1402O is a bevacizumab (Avastin®) biosimilar. Pharmacokinetic and safety similarity of MYL-1402O and reference Avastin® authorized in the European Union (EU-Avastin®) and the US (US-Avastin®) was demonstrated in healthy subjects (phase I, NCT02469987). The key objectives of this study were to establish a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model on pooled data from the phase I and phase III clinical studies to assess pharmacokinetic linearity of MYL-1402O and Avastin® across dose ranges, to assess the pharmacokinetic similarity of MYL-1402O and Avastin® in patients with non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (nsNSCLC), and to explore potential covariates to account for systematic sources of variability in bevacizumab exposure. METHODS Efficacy and safety of MYL-1402O compared with EU-Avastin® was investigated in a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study in patients with stage IV nsNSCLC (phase III, NCT04633564). PopPK models were developed using a nonlinear mixed effects approach (NONMEM® 7.3.0). RESULTS The pharmacokinetics of Avastin® and MYL-1402O were adequately described with a two-compartment linear model. Fourteen covariates were found to be statistically significant predictors of bevacizumab pharmacokinectics. The impact of each covariate on area under the concentration-time curve, half-life, and maximum plasma concentration was modest, and ranges were similar between the treatment groups, MYL-1402O and EU-Avastin®, in patients with nsNSCLC. The pharmacokinectics of bevacizumab appeared to be linear. CONCLUSIONS PopPK analysis revealed no significant differences between pharmacokinetics of MYL-1402O and Avastin® in patients with nsNSCLC. The developed PopPK model was considered robust, as it adequately described bevacizumab pharmacokinetics in healthy participants and nsNSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel S Owen
- Consulting Department, Cognigen Division of Simulations Plus, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | | | | | - Stefan Roepcke
- Pharmacometrics Department, Cognigen Division of Simulations Plus, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Hannah Huang
- Pharmacometrics Department, Cognigen Division of Simulations Plus, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Mark Liu
- Global PK/DM Department, Viatris Inc, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Tazeen A Idris
- Global Clinical Sciences Department, Viatris, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Ashwani Marwah
- Clinical Development & Medical Affairs Department, Biocon Biologics Ltd, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Subramanian Loganathan
- Clinical Development & Medical Affairs Department, Biocon Biologics Ltd, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Abhijit Barve
- Clinical Development & Medical Affairs, Viatris Inc, Canonsburg, PA, USA
| | - Cornelius F Waller
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Centre Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mark A Socinski
- Cancer Institute, Advent Health Cancer Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
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Cacic D, Hervig T, Reikvam H. Platelets for advanced drug delivery in cancer. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:673-688. [PMID: 37212640 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2217378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer-related drug expenses are rising with the increasing cancer incidence and cost may represent a severe challenge for drug access for patients with cancer. Consequently, strategies for increasing therapeutic efficacy of already available drugs may be essential for the future health-care system. AREAS COVERED In this review, we have investigated the potential for the use of platelets as drug-delivery systems. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar to identify relevant papers written in English and published up to January 2023. Papers were included at the authors' discretion to reflect an overview of state of the art. EXPERT OPINION It is known that cancer cells interact with platelets to gain functional advantages including immune evasion and metastasis development. This platelet-cancer interaction has been the inspiration for numerous platelet-based drug delivery systems using either drug-loaded or drug-bound platelets, or platelet membrane-containing hybrid vesicles combining platelet membranes with synthetic nanocarriers. Compared to treatment with free drug or synthetic drug vectors, these strategies may improve pharmacokinetics and selective cancer cell targeting. There are multiple studies showing improved therapeutic efficacy using animal models, however, no platelet-based drug delivery systems have been tested in humans, meaning the clinical relevance of this technology remains uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cacic
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Tor Hervig
- Irish Blood Transfusion Service, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Håkon Reikvam
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Targeting receptor tyrosine kinases in ovarian cancer: Genomic dysregulation, clinical evaluation of inhibitors, and potential for combinatorial therapies. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 28:293-306. [PMID: 36911068 PMCID: PMC9999170 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) have long been sought as therapeutic targets for EOC, as they are frequently hyperactivated in primary tumors and drive disease relapse, progression, and metastasis. More recently, these oncogenic drivers have been implicated in EOC response to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and epigenome-interfering agents. This evidence revives RTKs as promising targets for therapeutic intervention of EOC. This review summarizes recent studies on the role of RTKs in EOC malignancy and the use of their inhibitors for clinical treatment. Our focus is on the ERBB family, c-Met, and VEGFR, as they are linked to drug resistance and targetable using commercially available drugs. The importance of these RTKs and their inhibitors is highlighted by their impact on signal transduction and intratumoral heterogeneity in EOC and successful use as maintenance therapy in the clinic through suppression of the VEGF/VEGFR axis. Finally, the therapeutic potential of RTK inhibitors is discussed in the context of combinatorial targeting via co-inhibiting proliferative and anti-apoptotic pathways, epigenomic/transcriptional programs, and harnessing the efficacy of PARP inhibitors and programmed cell death 1/ligand 1 immune checkpoint therapies.
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Abstract
The formation of new blood and lymphatic vessels is essential for both the development of multicellular organisms and (patho)physiological processes like wound repair and tumor growth. In the 1990s, circulating blood platelets were first postulated to regulate tumor angiogenesis by interacting with the endothelium and releasing angiogenic regulators from specialized α granules. Since then, many studies have validated the contributions of platelets to tumor angiogenesis, while uncovering novel roles for platelets in other angiogenic processes like wound resolution and retinal vascular disease. Although the majority of (lymph)angiogenesis occurs during development, platelets appear necessary for lymphatic but not vascular growth, implying their particular importance in pathological cases of adult angiogenesis. Future work is required to determine whether drugs targeting platelet production or function offer a clinically relevant tool to limit detrimental angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey G Roweth
- Hematology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Elisabeth M Battinelli
- Hematology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Schlüter J, Cunningham S, Zimmermann R, Achenbach S, Kramer R, Erdmann M, Beckmann M, Heinzerling L, Hackstein H. Characterization of the impact of immune checkpoint inhibitors on platelet activation and aggregation. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152311. [PMID: 36495598 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are effective oncological drugs which block cellular check-point receptors typically targeted by tumor immune evasion strategies. Despite their benefits, clinicians have reported treatment-associated thromboembolism during ICI therapy in recent years. Though several theories on this ICI-associated pathogenesis exist, the direct effects of ICIs on platelets remains unknown. We therefore investigated the potential direct and indirect effect of PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4-targeting ICIs on platelet functionality in multifaceted in vitro experiments. Interestingly, we could not observe a clear effect of ICI on platelet aggregation and primary hemostasis in whole blood and platelet concentrate-based assays. Furthermore, the presence of ICIs in toll-like receptor stimulation had no significant impact on platelet surface marker expression. In a second approach, we investigated the indirect immunological impact of ICIs on platelet activation by exposing platelets to supernatants from ICI- and Staphylococcal enterotoxin B-exposed PBMCs. Whereas ICIs affected IL-2 levels in supernatants, we could not detect clear differences in the secretion of pro-thrombogenic factors and platelet responses. The obtained data suggest that the direct influence of ICIs on platelet activation or the influence of altered T cell function on platelet activation cannot be considered a major factor in the development of thrombotic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schlüter
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Sarah Cunningham
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany.
| | - Robert Zimmermann
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Susanne Achenbach
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Rafaela Kramer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Michael Erdmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Malte Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Lucie Heinzerling
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich 80539, Germany
| | - Holger Hackstein
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
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Rehman S, Ullah H, Nagarajan JS, Sukaina M, Ghafoor B, Shaik Masthan S, Shahrukh S, Min Allah H, Qureshi MH. Pneumothorax as a Complication of Bevacizumab-Containing Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review of Case Reports. Cureus 2022; 14:e27338. [PMID: 36043019 PMCID: PMC9414787 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bevacizumab is a monoclonal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody that binds to and makes all of the VEGF isoforms inactive, and thus prevents angiogenesis, development, and the spread of the tumor. The most reported side effects after administering bevacizumab include bleeding, high blood pressure, heart failure, proteinuria, thrombosis, and gastrointestinal perforation. Pneumothorax has rarely been reported as a complication of bevacizumab, but with an unclear mechanism. This article aims to explore the occurrence of pneumothorax as a side effect after using bevacizumab through a systematic review of current case reports published on the topic. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Directory of Open Access through the utilization of appropriate keywords, and case reports were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Our results encompass five case reports that were further evaluated for demographic, clinical, and treatment parameters. This systematic review concludes that pneumothorax can occur after bevacizumab-containing chemotherapy although this side effect is relatively rare. Awareness regarding this possible side effect can assist clinicians during their practice in considering pneumothorax as a possible differential diagnosis when encountering patients presenting with pulmonary symptoms after starting bevacizumab-containing chemotherapy; hence, timely diagnosis and treatment can save a life.
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Tullemans BME, Brouns SLN, Swieringa F, Sabrkhany S, van den Berkmortel FWPJ, Peters NAJB, de Bruijn P, Koolen SLW, Heemskerk JWM, Aarts MJB, Kuijpers MJE. Quantitative and qualitative changes in platelet traits of sunitinib-treated patients with renal cell carcinoma in relation to circulating sunitinib levels: a proof-of-concept study. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:653. [PMID: 35698081 PMCID: PMC9195440 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09676-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as sunitinib, are used for cancer treatment, but may also affect platelet count and function with possible hemostatic consequences. Here, we investigated whether patient treatment with the TKI sunitinib affected quantitative and qualitative platelet traits as a function of the sunitinib level and the occurrence of bleeding. Methods Blood was collected from 20 metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients before treatment, and at 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 3 months after sunitinib administration. We measured blood cell counts, platelet aggregation, and concentrations of sunitinib as well as its N-desethyl metabolite in plasma, serum and isolated platelets. Progression of disease (PD) and bleeding were monitored after 3 months. Results In sunitinib-treated mRCC patients, concentrations of (N-desethyl-)sunitinib in plasma and serum were highly correlated. In the patients’ platelets the active metabolite levels were relatively increased as compared to sunitinib. On average, a sustained reduction in platelet count was observed on-treatment, which was significantly related to the inhibitor levels in plasma/serum. Principal component and correlational analysis showed that the (N-desethyl-)sunitinib levels in plasma/serum were linked to a reduction in both platelet count and collagen-induced platelet aggregation. The reduced aggregation associated in part with reported bleeding, but did not correlate to PD. Conclusion The sunitinib-induced reduction in quantitative and qualitative platelet traits may reflect the effective sunitinib levels in the patient. These novel results may serve as a proof-of-principle for other TKI-related drugs, where both platelet count and functions are affected, which could be used for therapeutic drug monitoring. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09676-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibian M E Tullemans
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne L N Brouns
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frauke Swieringa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Siamack Sabrkhany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Peter de Bruijn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stijn L W Koolen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan W M Heemskerk
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maureen J B Aarts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marijke J E Kuijpers
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,Thrombosis Expertise Centre, Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Sánchez Ramírez J, Morera Díaz Y, Bequet-Romero M, Ayala Ávila M. Potential mechanisms involved on how systemic IgG antibodies specific to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and induced by active immunotherapy decrease platelet derived free-VEGF. Platelets 2022; 33:964-968. [DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2022.2042235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Sánchez Ramírez
- Department of Pharmaceuticals, Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Playa, Cuba
| | - Yanelys Morera Díaz
- Department of Pharmaceuticals, Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Playa, Cuba
| | - Mónica Bequet-Romero
- Department of Pharmaceuticals, Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Playa, Cuba
| | - Marta Ayala Ávila
- Department of Pharmaceuticals, Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Playa, Cuba
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12
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Effects of Cancer Presence and Therapy on the Platelet Proteome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158236. [PMID: 34361002 PMCID: PMC8347210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are involved in tumor angiogenesis and cancer progression. Previous studies indicated that cancer could affect platelet content. In the current study, we investigated whether cancer-associated proteins can be discerned in the platelets of cancer patients, and whether antitumor treatment may affect the platelet proteome. Platelets were isolated from nine patients with different cancer types and ten healthy volunteers. From three patients, platelets were isolated before and after the start of antitumor treatment. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics of gel-fractionated platelet proteins were used to compare patients versus controls and before and after treatment initiation. A total of 4059 proteins were detected, of which 50 were significantly more abundant in patients, and 36 more in healthy volunteers. Eight of these proteins overlapped with our previous cancer platelet proteomics study. From these data, we selected potential biomarkers of cancer including six upregulated proteins (RNF213, CTSG, PGLYRP1, RPL8, S100A8, S100A9) and two downregulated proteins (GPX1, TNS1). Antitumor treatment resulted in increased levels of 432 proteins and decreased levels of 189 proteins. In conclusion, the platelet proteome may be affected in cancer patients and platelets are a potential source of cancer biomarkers. In addition, we found in a small group of patients that anticancer treatment significantly changes the platelet proteome.
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Abstract
Purpose Growing evidence suggests different systemic exposure of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents with repeated intravitreal application. Since the penetration of anti-VEGF agents through vascular barrier was reported, the interaction of anti-VEGF with nonresident platelets has become a topic of interest. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, with the help of visualization techniques, whether platelets take up the anti-VEGF agents ranibizumab, aflibercept, and bevacizumab. Methods The uptake of anti-VEGF agents with or without VEGF treatment was investigated using immunofluorescence and immunogold staining in human platelets. The role of actin filaments and clathrin-coated vesicles in the transport of ranibizumab, aflibercept, and bevacizumab was evaluated by two pharmacologic inhibitors: staurosporine (protein kinase C inhibitor) and cytochalasin D. Results All three anti-VEGF agents were taken up by platelets and colocalized with VEGF. Ranibizumab and aflibercept were mainly detected in alpha-granules; however, bevacizumab was equally localized in alpha-granules and in platelet vesicles. Both staurosporine and cytochalasin D completely inhibited the uptake of aflibercept into platelets. Both pharmacological inhibitors also decreased the transport of ranibizumab and bevacizumab into platelets. Bevacizumab was significantly more frequently colocalized within clathrin-coated vesicles than ranibizumab and aflibercept. Conclusion All three anti-VEGF agents are taken up by platelets and internalized in alpha-granules, which may result in a higher local exposure of anti-VEGF after the activation of platelets, potentially contributing to arterial thromboembolic events. Clathrin-coated vesicles seem to be more prominent in the transport of bevacizumab than ranibizumab and aflibercept. Nevertheless, whether the different localization and transport of bevacizumab are truly related to specific differences of receptor-mediated endocytosis has to be revealed by further research.
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Okutucu M, Fındık H, Aslan MG, Arpa M. Increased serum concentration of netrin-1 after intravitreal bevacizumab injection: is it a compensatory mechanism to counteract drug side effects? BMC Ophthalmol 2021; 21:243. [PMID: 34058994 PMCID: PMC8167956 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-021-01989-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate alterations in the serum concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and netrin-1 after intravitreal bevacizumab (BCZ) injection for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME). METHODS This prospective case-control study included a total of 50 participants assigned to one of three groups, including 10 individuals with DME and non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), 13 with DME, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and 27 healthy individuals as a control group. Serum VEGF and netrin-1 concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) immediately before, as well as 1 week and 1 month after, intravitreal BCZ injection. RESULTS The mean VEGF serum concentrations in the PDR and NPDR groups were 388.4 and 196.9 pg/mL at baseline, respectively. After 1 week, these concentrations changed to 193.41 and 150.23 pg/mL, respectively (P = 0.001 and P = 0.005, respectively); after 1 month, the concentrations were 97.89 and 76.46 pg/mL, respectively (P = 0.001 and P = 0.009, respectively). The mean netrin-1 serum concentrations in the PDR patients and NPDR groups were 318.2 and 252.7 pg/mL at baseline, respectively. After 1 week, these concentrations increased to 476.6 and 416.3 pg/mL, respectively (P = 0.033 and P = 0.005, respectively), and after 1 month, they were 676.6 and 747.5 pg/mL, respectively (P = 0.001 and P = 0.005, respectively). The correlation analysis revealed a significant inverse relationship between changes in serum VEGF and netrin-1 concentrations in both the PDR and NPDR groups (r = - 0.685, P = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS Intravitreal BCZ injections work systemically to significantly decrease serum VEGF levels, leading to a significant upregulation in the concentration of another angiogenic mediator, netrin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Okutucu
- Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Zihni Derin Yerleşkesi - Fener Mahallesi, 53100, Merkez/Rize, Turkey.
| | - Hüseyin Fındık
- Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Zihni Derin Yerleşkesi - Fener Mahallesi, 53100, Merkez/Rize, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Gökhan Aslan
- Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Zihni Derin Yerleşkesi - Fener Mahallesi, 53100, Merkez/Rize, Turkey
| | - Medeni Arpa
- Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Zihni Derin Yerleşkesi - Fener Mahallesi, 53100, Merkez/Rize, Turkey
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Hwang K, Yoon JH, Lee JH, Lee S. Recent Advances in Monoclonal Antibody Therapy for Colorectal Cancers. Biomedicines 2021; 9:39. [PMID: 33466394 PMCID: PMC7824816 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide. Recent advances in recombinant DNA technology have led to the development of numerous therapeutic antibodies as major sources of blockbuster drugs for CRC therapy. Simultaneously, increasing numbers of therapeutic targets in CRC have been identified. In this review, we first highlight the physiological and pathophysiological roles and signaling mechanisms of currently known and emerging therapeutic targets, including growth factors and their receptors as well as immune checkpoint proteins, in CRC. Additionally, we discuss the current status of monoclonal antibodies in clinical development and approved by US Food and Drug Administration for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sukmook Lee
- Biopharmaceutical Chemistry Major, School of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea; (K.H.); (J.H.Y.); (J.H.L.)
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Goedegebuure RSA, Wentink MQ, van der Vliet HJ, Timmerman P, Griffioen AW, de Gruijl TD, Verheul HMW. A Phase I Open-Label Clinical Trial Evaluating the Therapeutic Vaccine hVEGF26-104/RFASE in Patients with Advanced Solid Malignancies. Oncologist 2020; 26:e218-e229. [PMID: 33105058 PMCID: PMC7873342 DOI: 10.1002/onco.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
LESSONS LEARNED The novel therapeutic vaccine hVEGF26-104 /RFASE was found to be safe and well tolerated in patients with cancer. hVEGF26-104 /RFASE failed to induce seroconversion against native hVEGF165 and, accordingly, neither a decrease in circulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels nor clinical benefit was observed. Remarkably, hVEGF26-104 /RFASE induced VEGF165 -neutralizing antibodies in a nonhuman primate model. The absence of seroconversion in human calls for caution in the interpretation of efficacy of human vaccines in nonhuman primates. BACKGROUND Targeting vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF) is a well-established anticancer therapy. We designed a first-in-human clinical trial to investigate the safety and immunogenicity of the novel vaccine hVEGF26-104 /RFASE. METHODS Patients with advanced solid malignancies with no standard treatment options available were eligible for this phase I study with a 3+3 dose-escalation design. On days 0, 14, and 28, patients received intramuscular hVEGF26-104 , a truncated synthetic three-dimensional (3D)-structured peptide mimic covering the amino acids 26-104 of the human VEGF165 isoform, emulsified in the novel adjuvant Raffinose Fatty Acid Sulphate Ester (RFASE), a sulpholipopolysaccharide. Objectives were to determine safety, induction of VEGF-neutralizing antibodies, and the maximum tolerated dose. Blood was sampled to measure VEGF levels and antibody titers. RESULTS Eighteen of 27 enrolled patients received three immunizations in six different dose-levels up to 1,000 μg hVEGF26-104 and 40 mg RFASE. No dose-limiting toxicity was observed. Although in four patients an antibody titer against hVEGF26-104 was induced (highest titer: 2.77 10 log), neither a reduction in VEGF levels nor neutralizing antibodies against native VEGF165 were detected. CONCLUSION Despite having an attractive safety profile, hVEGF26-104 /RFASE was not able to elicit seroconversions against native VEGF165 and, consequently, did not decrease circulating VEGF levels. Deficient RFASE adjuvant activity, as well as dominant immunoreactivity toward neoepitopes, may have impeded hVEGF26-104 /RFASE's efficacy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben S A Goedegebuure
- Amsterdam UMC, VUmc location, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Madelon Q Wentink
- Amsterdam UMC, VUmc location, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J van der Vliet
- Amsterdam UMC, VUmc location, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Lava Therapeutics, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Amsterdam UMC, VUmc location, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Amsterdam UMC, VUmc location, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk M W Verheul
- Radboud UMC, Department of Medical Oncology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Platelet and hemoglobin count at diagnosis are associated with survival in African American and Caucasian patients with colorectal cancer. Cancer Epidemiol 2020; 67:101746. [PMID: 32521488 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2020.101746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND African Americans (AAs) compared to Caucasian Americans (CAs) with colorectal cancer (CRC) have lower stage-specific survival. CRC patients often present with several hematopathologies (such as thrombocytosis, thrombocytopenia, anemia) at diagnosis, which is associated with poorer survival. However, whether these measures impact the racial disparity in survival is not known. METHODS The study population was composed of 581 histologically confirmed CRCs at the Medical University of South Carolina (393 CA, 188 AA) diagnosed between 01/01/2000 and 06/30/2013. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the association between thrombocytosis, thrombocytopenia, or anemia at diagnosis and risk of death by race. This analysis was adjusted for age, sex, stage and first-line treatment. RESULTS In all patients combined, thrombocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and anemia (vs. the normal ranges) were associated with significantly higher risks of death. In the race-specific analyses, AAs (HR 2.51 [95 % CI: 1.52-4.15]) vs. CAs (HR 1.15 [95 % CI: 0.75-1.75]) with thrombocytosis compared to normal had a higher risk of death (p for difference = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Abnormal thrombocyte and hemoglobin levels at diagnosis were associated with poorer survival. AAs compared to CAs with elevated platelets at diagnosis had a higher risk of death. Our study is the first to examine the role of race, hematologic measures at diagnosis, and risk of death in colorectal cancer patients. These results suggest that the racial differences in the immune response may contribute to the racial disparity in survival.
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Filippo LDD, Dos Santos KC, Hanck-Silva G, de Lima FT, Gremião MPD, Chorilli M. A Critical Review of Biological Properties, Delivery Systems and Analytical/Bioanalytical Methods for Determination of Bevacizumab. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 51:445-453. [PMID: 32295395 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1743641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Bevacizumab is a chimeric monoclonal human-murine antibody originated from murine monoclonal antibody (muMAb A4.6.1) with the human immunoglobulin IgG1. BVZ binds the extracellular portion of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR), which have tyrosine kinase activity. The mechanism of action of BVZ involves binding to VEGFR, Flt-1 (VEGFR-1) and KDR/Flk-1 (VEGFR-2), inducing homodimerization of two receptor subunits, and, consequently, autophosphorylation of their tyrosine kinase domains located inside the cytoplasm. With the advent of nanostructured systems it is increasingly necessary to look for safe analytical methods, ensuring the reliability of the results obtained by them, becoming essential to ensure the quality of medicines. In this work, the incorporation of bevacizumab in to different drug delivery systems was presented. Moreover, detailed investigation was performed about methods for qualitative and quantitative analyses of bevacizumab, including, biological fluids, and drug delivery systems, were investigated. Most recently high performance liquid chromatography coupled with various detectors, liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry and ELISA were used for this purpose. Thus, this review was performed to evaluate the benefits of bevacizumab carried by nanostructured systems and the analytical methods available for detection and quantification of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Cristina Dos Santos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilmar Hanck-Silva
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe Tita de Lima
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Valverde A, Ciria R, Caballero-Villarraso J, Aguilar-Melero P, Ferrín G, Ranchal I, Linares C, Herencia C, González-Rubio S, de la Mata M, Naranjo Á, Briceño J. Bevacizumab Allows Preservation of Liver Function and its Regenerative Capacity after Major Hepatectomy. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:1388-1398. [PMID: 31038079 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190417162409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parallel to the safety of liver resections, new chemotherapy drugs have emerged for the control of liver metastases. However, there is unclear evidence about the combination of intensive BVZ-therapy and extended resections. The main aim was to analyse the impact of Bevacizumab (BVZ) in terms of liver safety and tolerability in two experimental models: a basal-toxicity situation and after major hepatectomy. METHODS Eighty male-Wistar rats were grouped as toxicity analysis (sham-operated rats-OS-) and regeneration after- surgery analysis (hepatectomy rats-H-). Eight further subgroups were created according to sacrifice (6- hours-6h- or 24-hours-24h-) and dose (μg) of BVZ (none, 100, 200, 400). Several measurements were performed, including biochemical serum samples, histopathological analysis, cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β), oxidative-stress (GSH/GSSG, ATP), lipid-peroxidation (TBARS) and epidermal and vascular endothelium growth-factors (EGF and VEGF). RESULTS In the toxicity analysis, safe results with BVZ were observed, with no significant differences among the groups. A trend towards a lower oxidative status was observed in the OS 6 h-100, -200 and -400 versus the OS 6 h-none group. Similar results were observed in the hepatectomy model, with stable oxidative-stress-index and IL-6, TNF- α, and TGF- β levels. Despite higher lipid peroxidation status, overall regeneration was preserved. As expected, VEGF was almost undetectable in BVZ-treated groups after resection, but not in the non-resection group. CONCLUSION It was concluded that liver status was not impaired by BVZ even at the high-dose. Similarly, liver regeneration after extended hepatectomy in BVZ-treated animals was well-preserved. Extended liver resections may be encouraged in BVZ-treated patients due to its excellent tolerability and good liver regeneration status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amparo Valverde
- Unit of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia Hospital/University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rubén Ciria
- Unit of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia Hospital/University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Javier Caballero-Villarraso
- Clinical Analyses Service & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia Hospital/University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Gustavo Ferrín
- Liver Research Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Isidora Ranchal
- Liver Research Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Clara Linares
- Liver Research Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Carmen Herencia
- Liver Research Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Sandra González-Rubio
- Liver Research Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel de la Mata
- Liver Research Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Álvaro Naranjo
- Unit of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia Hospital/University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Javier Briceño
- Unit of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia Hospital/University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
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Gastrointestinal Perforations with Biologics in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Implications for Clinicians. Drug Saf 2018; 41:545-553. [PMID: 29392593 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-018-0639-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) perforations are rare events in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, but cause significant morbidity and mortality. Several studies indicate that RA patients may be at higher risk of GI perforation. Traditional RA treatments such as glucocorticoids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increase the risk of perforation. In the past two decades, a new class of therapeutic agents called biologics has been added to the RA treatment armamentarium. Biologics are effective in controlling disease activity and are generally well tolerated; however, reports of GI perforations in association with biologics have arisen. In particular, drugs that inhibit the interleukin (IL)-6 cytokine receptor have demonstrated a higher risk of perforation compared with other therapies. Recent reports also suggest that janus kinase inhibitors may increase the risk of perforation, perhaps via downstream effects on IL-6 signaling. In this review, we discuss current data on the risk of GI perforations among RA patients receiving targeted therapies and its clinical relevance.
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Tullemans BME, Heemskerk JWM, Kuijpers MJE. Acquired platelet antagonism: off-target antiplatelet effects of malignancy treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:1686-1699. [PMID: 29975003 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Platelets can contribute to tumor progression and metastasis. Cancer patients are at increased risk of thrombosis, and advanced stages of cancer are associated with thrombocytosis or increased platelet reactivity. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are widely used as a targeted strategy for cancer treatment, with the aim of prolonging progression-free survival of the patients. Because of their broad kinase target spectrum, most TKIs inevitably have off-target effects. Platelets rely on tyrosine kinase activity for their activation. Frequently observed side effects are lowering of platelet count and inhibition of platelet functions, whether or not accompanied by an increased bleeding risk. In this review, we aim to give insights into: (i) 38 TKIs that are currently used for the treatment of different types of cancer, either on the market or in clinical trials; (ii) how distinct TKIs can inhibit activation mechanisms in platelets; and (iii) the clinical consequences of the antiplatelet effects of TKI treatment. For several TKIs, the knowledge on affinity for their targets does not align with the published effects on platelets and reported bleeding events. This review should raise awareness of the potential antiplatelet effects of several TKIs, which will be enhanced in the presence of antithrombotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M E Tullemans
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - J W M Heemskerk
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - M J E Kuijpers
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Agarwal M, Thareja N, Benjamin M, Akhondi A, Mitchell GD. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Induced Hypertension. Curr Oncol Rep 2018; 20:65. [DOI: 10.1007/s11912-018-0708-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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23
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Influence of aflibercept on platelet activation profile. Exp Eye Res 2018; 175:166-172. [PMID: 29908884 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aflibercept appears to accumulate in systemic circulation following intravitreal injections in therapy of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. This gives raise to the question of whether aflibercept affects platelets and their function such as activation and aggregation, which are substantial in the pathogenesis of an arterial thromboembolic event (ATE). In order to determine the effect of aflibercept in platelet activation, platelets from healthy volunteers were treated with aflibercept and its solvents at equal concentrations (0.04 μg/mL - 4 μg/mL - 40 μg/mL - 400 μg/mL - 4 mg/mL) for 10 and 30 min before addition of agonists. IgG1 antibody was used as a control. The surface expression of GPIIb/IIIa, P-selectin, and platelet-bound stromal-cell-derived factor-1, which are potential blood biomarkers for ATEs, was determined on resting and activated platelets by the multispectral imaging flow cytometry, combining the features of flow cytometry with fluorescence microscopy. Platelet aggregation was assessed with light transmission aggregometry. To determine whether aflibercept directly interacts with platelets, aflibercept was labeled with the fluorescence FITC. Co-treatment of platelets with thrombin or PAR-4-AP and aflibercept resulted in increased activation of the fibrinogen receptor GPIIb/IIIa in comparison to controls (P < 0.05). Interestingly, the expression of platelet-derived P-selectin and SDF-1 was not affected by aflibercept, except thrombin-activated CD62P with 0.04 μg/mL aflibercept (aflibercept vs. its solvent: MSI = 1.54, IC = 1.201-1.879 vs. MSI = 1.37, IC = 1.136-1.604 [P = 0.031]) and SDF-1 with 4 mg/mL aflibercept (aflibercept vs. its solvent: MSI = 1.971, IC = 1.206-2.737 vs. MSI = 1.200, IC = 0.738-1.662 [P = 0.041]). Although the levels of platelet-bound aflibercept-FITC were significantly increased in all activated platelets, no effect was observed in platelet aggregation. Albeit no impact of aflibercept was found on platelet aggregation under the studied experimental conditions, the increased activation of the fibrinogen receptor GPIIb/IIIa and the presence of a direct interaction between aflibercept and platelets may partially explain the risk of ATE in patients under aflibercept treatment due to FcγRIIa mediated αIIbβ3 outside-in integrin signaling and transport of aflibercept into platelets. Therefore, the Fc domain seems to be involved in interactions between aflibercept and platelets. Further research is needed to explain the role of Fc containing aflibercept in the pathogenesis of drug-associated vascular events involving platelets, coagulation cascade, extracellular matrix proteins and other cells.
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Haemmerle M, Stone RL, Menter DG, Afshar-Kharghan V, Sood AK. The Platelet Lifeline to Cancer: Challenges and Opportunities. Cancer Cell 2018; 33:965-983. [PMID: 29657130 PMCID: PMC5997503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Besides their function in limiting blood loss and promoting wound healing, experimental evidence has highlighted platelets as active players in all steps of tumorigenesis including tumor growth, tumor cell extravasation, and metastasis. Additionally, thrombocytosis in cancer patients is associated with adverse patient survival. Due to the secretion of large amounts of microparticles and exosomes, platelets are well positioned to coordinate both local and distant tumor-host crosstalk. Here, we present a review of recent discoveries in the field of platelet biology and the role of platelets in cancer progression as well as challenges in targeting platelets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Haemmerle
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle, Germany
| | - Rebecca L Stone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287-1281, USA
| | - David G Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vahid Afshar-Kharghan
- Division of Internal Medicine, Benign Hematology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Cereda V, Formica V, Roselli M. Issues and promises of bevacizumab in prostate cancer treatment. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2018; 18:707-717. [PMID: 29781343 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1479737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is general agreement that increased angiogenesis is an important factor in determining prostate cancer development and prognosis. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is thought to play a primary role in the molecular events that lead to prostate cancer progression, from androgen-dependency to castration-resistance until dissemination to the skeleton. Bevacizumab is a recombinant anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody that has exhibited clinical activity in different cancer types. Areas covered: In this review we summarize the data of clinical trials, investigating the effects of bevacizumab in prostate cancer patients. Until now, the drug has demonstrated anti-tumoral activity although with no improvements in overall survival (OS) and a wide range of alarming side effects in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Recently, promising results were achieved, using bevacizumab in combination with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in patients with recurrent prostate cancer after definitive local therapy. Expert opinion: The suboptimal efficacy of bevacizumab may relate to molecular events triggered during disease progression, such as redundancy of angiogenic factors or the interfering influence of androgens on angiogenic pathways. Further studies, using bevacizumab in combination with ADT and/or inhibitors of other key pathways on the subset of patients with low burden, hormone sensitive prostate cancer, need to be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittore Cereda
- a Department of Systems Medicine, Medical Oncology Unit , University of Rome Tor Vergata, Tor Vergata Clinical Center , Rome , Italy
| | - Vincenzo Formica
- a Department of Systems Medicine, Medical Oncology Unit , University of Rome Tor Vergata, Tor Vergata Clinical Center , Rome , Italy
| | - Mario Roselli
- a Department of Systems Medicine, Medical Oncology Unit , University of Rome Tor Vergata, Tor Vergata Clinical Center , Rome , Italy
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Wentink MQ, Verheul HM, Griffioen AW, Schafer KA, McPherson S, Early RJ, van der Vliet HJ, de Gruijl TD. A safety and immunogenicity study of immunization with hVEGF 26-104 /RFASE in cynomolgus monkeys. Vaccine 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION At the clinical introduction of antiangiogenic agents as anticancer agents, no major toxicities were expected as merely just endothelial cells (ECs) in tumors would be affected. However, several (serious) toxicities became apparent, of which underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. We investigated to what extent sunitinib (multitargeted antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)), sorafenib (TKI) and bevacizumab [specific antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] may impair platelet function, which might explain treatment-related bleedings. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro, the influence of sunitinib, sorafenib, and bevacizumab on platelet aggregation, P-selectin expression and fibrinogen binding, platelet-EC interaction, and tyrosine phosphorylation of c-Src was studied by optical aggregation, flow cytometry, real-time perfusion, and western blotting. Ex vivo, platelet aggregation was analyzed in 25 patients upon sunitinib or bevacizumab treatment. Concentrations of sunitinib, VEGF, and platelet and EC activation markers were measured by LC-MS/MS and ELISA. RESULTS In vitro, sunitinib and sorafenib significantly inhibited platelet aggregation (20 μM sunitinib: 71.3%, p < 0.001; 25 μM sorafenib: 55.8%, p = 0.042). Sorafenib and sunitinib significantly inhibited P-selectin expression on platelets. Exposure to both TKIs resulted in a reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of c-Src. Ex vivo, within 24 h sunitinib impaired platelet aggregation (83.0%, p = 0.001, N = 8). Plasma concentrations of sunitinib, VEGF, and platelet/EC activation markers were not correlated with disturbed aggregation. In contrast, bevacizumab only significantly impaired platelet aggregation in vitro at high concentrations, but not ex vivo. CONCLUSION Sunitinib significantly inhibits platelet aggregation in patients already after 24 h of first administration, whereas bevacizumab had no effect on aggregation. These findings may explain the clinically observed bleedings during treatment with antiangiogenic TKIs.
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Goto H, Nishioka Y. Fibrocytes: A Novel Stromal Cells to Regulate Resistance to Anti-Angiogenic Therapy and Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:E98. [PMID: 29286323 PMCID: PMC5796048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An adequate blood supply is essential for cancer cells to survive and grow; thus, the concept of inhibiting tumor angiogenesis has been applied to cancer therapy, and several drugs are already in clinical use. It has been shown that treatment with those anti-angiogenic drugs improved the response rate and prolonged the survival of patients with various types of cancer; however, it is also true that the effect was mostly limited. Currently, the disappointing clinical results are explained by the existence of intrinsic or acquired resistance to the therapy mediated by both tumor cells and stromal cells. This article reviews the mechanisms of resistance mediated by stromal cells such as endothelial cells, pericytes, fibroblasts and myeloid cells, with an emphasis on fibrocytes, which were recently identified as the cell type responsible for regulating acquired resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy. In addition, the other emerging role of fibrocytes as mediator-producing cells in tumor progression is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisatsugu Goto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiko Nishioka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
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Elaskalani O, Berndt MC, Falasca M, Metharom P. Targeting Platelets for the Treatment of Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:E94. [PMID: 28737696 PMCID: PMC5532630 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9070094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of cancer-associated mortality results from the ability of tumour cells to metastasise leading to multifunctional organ failure and death. Disseminated tumour cells in the blood circulation are faced with major challenges such as rheological shear stresses and cell-mediated cytotoxicity mediated by natural killer cells. Nevertheless, circulating tumour cells with metastatic ability appear equipped to exploit host cells to aid their survival. Despite the long interest in targeting tumour-associated host cells such as platelets for cancer treatment, the clinical benefit of this strategy is still under question. In this review, we provide a summary of the latest mechanistic and clinical evidence to evaluate the validity of targeting platelets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Elaskalani
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth 6100, Australia.
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI), Curtin University, Perth 6100, Australia.
| | - Michael C Berndt
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth 6100, Australia.
| | - Marco Falasca
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth 6100, Australia.
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI), Curtin University, Perth 6100, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth 6100, Australia.
| | - Pat Metharom
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth 6100, Australia.
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI), Curtin University, Perth 6100, Australia.
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Wentink MQ, Verheul HMW, Pal SK, George S, Voortman J, Danchaivijitr P, Adelaiye R, Poslinski D, Groman A, Hutson A, Pili R. Phase I Study of Dalteparin in Combination With Sunitinib in Patients With Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2017; 16:S1558-7673(17)30201-X. [PMID: 28781191 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on the tumor-driven concomitant activation of angiogenesis and coagulation we conducted a phase I combination study of sunitinib with the low molecular weight heparin dalteparin in patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients received standard treatment with sunitinib (50 mg daily, 4 weeks on, 2 weeks off). During the second week of no sunitinib in the first cycle (week 6) patients received dalteparin monotherapy (in escalating doses). Combination therapy of the 2 agents was administered from the second cycle onward. Seventeen patients were enrolled at 3 dose levels of dalteparin. RESULTS Diarrhea and fatigue were the most frequent reported drug-related toxicities (41%). One dose-limiting toxicity (grade 3 anemia) was observed at the highest dose level of dalteparin. There were 4 partial responses (24%) and the median progression-free survival in this study was 14 months (95% confidence interval, 8.0-23.4). Anti-factor Xa levels were increased during combination therapy compared with dalteparin monotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Combination therapy of sunitinib with therapeutic doses of dalteparin is safe and well tolerated. The increased anti-factor Xa levels during combination treatment suggest that sunitinib might increase the anticoagulation activity of dalteparin. The positive safety profile warrants prospective evaluation of the clinical benefit of this combination strategy in patients with ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelon Q Wentink
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk M W Verheul
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sumanta K Pal
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Saby George
- Genitourinary Program, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Johannes Voortman
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Remi Adelaiye
- Genitourinary Program, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Diane Poslinski
- Department of Clinical Research Services, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Adrienne Groman
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Alan Hutson
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Roberto Pili
- Genitourinary Program, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN.
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Pili R, Liu G, Chintala S, Verheul H, Rehman S, Attwood K, Lodge MA, Wahl R, Martin JI, Miles KM, Paesante S, Adelaiye R, Godoy A, King S, Zwiebel J, Carducci MA. Combination of the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat with bevacizumab in patients with clear-cell renal cell carcinoma: a multicentre, single-arm phase I/II clinical trial. Br J Cancer 2017; 116:874-883. [PMID: 28222071 PMCID: PMC5379145 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Class II histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors induce hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and -2α degradation and have antitumour effects in combination with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors. In this study, we tested the safety and efficacy of the HDAC inhibitor vorinostat and the VEGF blocker bevacizumab in metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients previously treated with different drugs including sunitinib, sorafenib, axitinib, interleukin-2, interferon, and temsirolimus. METHODS Patients with up to two prior regimens were eligible for treatment, consisting of vorinostat 200 mg orally two times daily × 2 weeks, and bevacizumab 15 mg kg-1 intravenously every 3 weeks. The primary end points were safety and tolerability, and the proportion of patients with 6 months of progression-free survival (PFS). Correlative studies included immunohistochemistry, FDG PET/CT scans, and serum analyses for chemokines and microRNAs. RESULTS Thirty-six patients were enrolled, with 33 evaluable for toxicity and efficacy. Eighteen patients had 1 prior treatment, 13 patients had 2 prior treatments, and 2 patients were treatment naïve. Two patients experienced grade 4 thrombocytopenia and three patients had grade 3 thromboembolic events during the course of exposure. We observed six objective responses (18%), including one complete response and five partial responses. The proportion of patients with PFS at 6 months was 48%. The median PFS and overall survival were 5.7 months (confidence interval (CI): 4.1-11.0) and 13.9 months (CI: 9.8-20.7), respectively. Correlative studies showed that modulation of specific chemokines and microRNAs were associated with clinical benefit. CONCLUSIONS The combination of vorinostat with bevacizumab as described is relatively well tolerated. Response rate and median PFS suggest clinical activity for this combination strategy in previously treated ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Pili
- Genitourinary Program, Indiana University-Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Glenn Liu
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Wisconsin, WI, USA
| | - Sreenivasulu Chintala
- Genitourinary Program, Indiana University-Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hendrick Verheul
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Richard Wahl
- Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Remi Adelaiye
- Genitourinary Program, Indiana University-Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Serina King
- Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Tan C, Lu X, Chen W, Chen S. Serum ubiquitin via CXC chemokine receptor 4 triggered cyclooxygenase-1 ubiquitination possibly involved in the pathogenesis of aspirin resistance. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2016; 61:59-81. [PMID: 25267459 DOI: 10.3233/ch-141900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular ubiquitin (Ub) with platelet aggregation property was found higher in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. Here we detected the platelet functions and serum Ub levels in 250 AMI patients and 50 healthy volunteers before and after aspirin treatment. The influence of serum Ub on platelet functions was determined in vitro. We found that 47 out of 250 AMI patients showed aspirin resistance (AR) and 203 showed aspirin sensitivity (AS). During hospitalization, AR group had higher serum Ub levels than the AS group or the healthy group, and the serum Ub levels was related to the rates of thrombosis events. The patients with higher serum Ub levels showed that the platelets had more ubiquitinated platelets, higher contents of ubiquitinated proteins and ubiquitinated cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1). The levels of ubiquitinated COX-1 in the platelets was inversely correlated with acetylated COX-1, the separated ubiquitinated COX-1 activity was approximately twofold or fourfold higher than the total COX-1(ubiquitinated COX-1 and COX-1) or COX-1. In vitro, we found that extracellular Ub, via the CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) pathway, facilitated COX-1 to be ubiquitined and prevented aspirin to acetylate its target. Platelets had higher levels of ubiquitinated COX-1 showing poor response to aspirin. Such results were not detected in Ub-free serum or ovalbumin incubated platelets. Serum Ub, via the CXCR4 pathway, facilitated COX-1 to be ubiquitined and activated the platelets possibly involved in the pathogenesis of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjiang Tan
- Fujian Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- Fujian Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian, China
| | - Wenlie Chen
- Fujian Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian, China
| | - Songming Chen
- Cardiovascular Department of First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Shantou University, Guangdong, China
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Wentink MQ, Broxterman HJ, Lam SW, Boven E, Walraven M, Griffioen AW, Pili R, van der Vliet HJ, de Gruijl TD, Verheul HMW. A functional bioassay to determine the activity of anti-VEGF antibody therapy in blood of patients with cancer. Br J Cancer 2016; 115:940-948. [PMID: 27575850 PMCID: PMC5061906 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Only a small proportion of patients respond to anti-VEGF therapy, pressing the need for a reliable biomarker that can identify patients who will benefit. We studied the biological activity of anti-VEGF antibodies in patients' blood during anti-VEGF therapy by using the Ba/F3-VEGFR2 cell line, which is dependent on VEGF for its growth. Methods: Serum samples from 22 patients with cancer before and during treatment with bevacizumab were tested for their effect on proliferation of Ba/F3-VEGFR2 cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor as well as bevacizumab concentrations in serum samples from these patients were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The hVEGF-driven cell proliferation was effectively blocked by bevacizumab (IC50 3.7 μg ml−1; 95% CI 1.7–8.3 μg ml−1). Cell proliferation was significantly reduced when patients' serum during treatment with bevacizumab was added (22–103% inhibition compared with pre-treatment). Although bevacizumab levels were not related, on-treatment serum VEGF levels were correlated with Ba/F3-VEGFR2 cell proliferation. Conclusions: We found that the neutralising effect of anti-VEGF antibody therapy on the biological activity of circulating VEGF can be accurately determined with a Ba/F3-VEGFR2 bioassay. The value of this bioassay to predict clinical benefit of anti-VEGF antibody therapy needs further clinical evaluation in a larger randomised cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelon Q Wentink
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk J Broxterman
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Siu W Lam
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Epie Boven
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maudy Walraven
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roberto Pili
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Hans J van der Vliet
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk M W Verheul
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Sabrkhany S, Griffioen AW, Pineda S, Sanders L, Mattheij N, van Geffen JP, Aarts MJ, Heemskerk JWM, Oude Egbrink MGA, Kuijpers MJE. Sunitinib uptake inhibits platelet function in cancer patients. Eur J Cancer 2016; 66:47-54. [PMID: 27525572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sunitinib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for cancer treatment. Patients treated with sunitinib are at higher bleeding risk. As tyrosine kinases are essential for platelet signalling, the effects of sunitinib on platelet function in vitro and in cancer patients on treatment were investigated. PATIENTS AND METHODS Blood samples were collected from eight healthy volunteers and eight patients diagnosed with metastatic renal cell cancer (RCC) before and 2 weeks on treatment with sunitinib. Platelets from 15 additional healthy individuals were preincubated with sunitinib or vehicle to perform in vitro experiments. Immunofluorescence imaging, western blotting, light transmission aggregometry, whole blood perfusion over collagen, flow cytometry and ELISA were performed. RESULTS Confocal microscopy indicated that platelets sequester sunitinib in vitro and in patients. In platelets from healthy controls, tyrosine phosphorylation was inhibited by sunitinib. Also, sunitinib dose dependently reduced collagen- and ADP-induced aggregation, collagen-dependent thrombus formation and collagen-induced secretion of platelet-derived growth factor and β-thromboglobulin. In blood from RCC patients before treatment, thrombus formation and procoagulant activity under flow were 47% and 80% higher than in healthy controls. After 14 d of sunitinib treatment, platelet count was moderately, but significantly decreased (from 243 to 144 × 10(9)/l). At the same time, collagen-induced platelet aggregation as well as thrombus formation and phosphatidylserine exposure under flow were significantly reduced (by 45%, 16% and 61%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Sunitinib uptake by platelets inhibits collagen receptor-induced aggregation and thrombus formation via reduction of protein tyrosine phosphorylation and α-granule secretion. This dysfunction may contribute to the higher bleeding tendency observed in sunitinib-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamack Sabrkhany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sharo Pineda
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Sanders
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nadine Mattheij
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna P van Geffen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maureen J Aarts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan W M Heemskerk
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam G A Oude Egbrink
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marijke J E Kuijpers
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Poimenidi E, Theodoropoulou C, Koutsioumpa M, Skondra L, Droggiti E, van den Broek M, Koolwijk P, Papadimitriou E. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) decreases expression and secretion of pleiotrophin in a VEGF receptor-independent manner. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 80:11-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Role of the tumor stroma in resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy. Drug Resist Updat 2016; 25:26-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Iida T, Yabana T, Nakagaki S, Adachi T, Kondo Y. A Rupture of a Lung Metastatic Lesion of Colon Cancer, Leading to Pneumothorax Caused by Bevacizumab. Intern Med 2016; 55:3125-3129. [PMID: 27803405 PMCID: PMC5140860 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.55.7155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The patient was a 57-year-old man who was diagnosed with multiple lung metastases of sigmoid colon cancer. The patient developed progressive disease after 8 courses of bevacizumab + capecitabine and oxaliplatin therapy, therefore, bevacizumab + irinotecan, leucovorin, and 5-fluorouracil therapy was started. During the fifth course, he experienced pain on the left side of his chest. On computed tomography, bleeding from the pulmonary metastatic lesions was suspected. Two days later, a pneumothorax was detected. Although several cases of pneumothorax induced by bevacizumab have been reported, this case is the first documentation that bevacizumab caused a rupture of the lung metastatic lesion, leading to a pneumothorax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Iida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Otaru City General Hospital, Japan
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Sobolewska B, Grimmel C, Gatsiou A, Sopova K, Klein J, Biedermann T, Stellos K, Ziemssen F. Different Effects of Ranibizumab and Bevacizumab on Platelet Activation Profile. Ophthalmologica 2015; 234:195-210. [PMID: 26305017 DOI: 10.1159/000437057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential influence of ranibizumab and bevacizumab on platelet activation and aggregation, which are critical processes in the pathogenesis of arterial thromboembolic events (ATEs). METHODS For the assessment of platelet function, flow cytometry and aggregometry were employed. Platelets were isolated from healthy volunteers and exposed to ranibizumab (1 mg/ml and 150 ng/ml) and bevacizumab (2.5 mg/ml and 3 μg/ml) or their solvents for 10 and 30 min prior to the addition of TRAP (25 μM), PAR-4-AP (25 μM) or thrombin (0.02 U/ml). The surface expression of activated GP IIb/IIIa, P-selectin (CD62P) and platelet-bound stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) was measured on resting (nonactivated) and activated platelets by flow cytometry. The platelet aggregation capacity was examined using light transmission aggregometry. RESULTS The expression of surface activation markers did not differ significantly between nonstimulated and TRAP-, PAR-4-AP- or thrombin-activated platelets after incubating with ranibizumab. However, GP IIb/IIIa, CD62P and SDF-1 were significantly downregulated in PAR-4-AP- and thrombin-activated platelets after exposure to bevacizumab 2.5 mg/ml. In addition, ranibizumab- and bevacizumab-FITC were significantly increased in all activated platelets. No significant differences were observed in the aggregation of activated platelets after incubation with ranibizumab or bevacizumab. CONCLUSION All ranibizumab concentrations as well as the bevacizumab concentration of 3 μg/ml had no influence on platelet activation and aggregation. Therefore, this in vitro study did not show any relationship between the exposition of activated platelets to ranibizumab or bevacizumab and the development of ATEs. However, the highest level of bevacizumab interfered with platelet activation, leading to downregulation of platelet activation markers. This observation might explain why the systemic treatment with high-dose bevacizumab could be associated with an increased risk of bleeding. Regarding the use of lower intravitreal dosages, further research should focus on the complex interactions between platelets and other cells, such as endothelial cells, which might stronger relate to a potentially increased risk of ATEs and depend on systemic vascular endothelial growth factor levels. Facing the different activation profiles, the diverse effects of the drugs on the cellular level have to be critically scrutinized for their clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianka Sobolewska
- Center for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University, Tx00FC;bingen, Germany
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Colucciello M. Current intravitreal pharmacologic therapies for diabetic macular edema. Postgrad Med 2015; 127:640-53. [PMID: 26036708 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2015.1052523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of vision loss in working-age adults; it is a highly prevalent cause of vision loss overall and has a potent impact on the quality of life in those with diabetes mellitus and public health in general. Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the most common cause of vision loss from diabetic retinopathy. In patients with diabetes mellitus, chronic hyperglycemia leads to activation of the inflammatory cascade and retinal capillary damage that result in microaneurysm formation in the retina. In addition to the possibility of associated ischemia, microaneurysms are hyperpermeable; the resultant loss of the blood-retinal barrier leads to vision loss if consequent edema involves the center of the fovea. The standard of DME therapy for >25 years was focal laser photocoagulation applied to or near the microaneurysms. However, results from clinical trials of intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) blockers and corticosteroids for the treatment of DME have led to a dramatic paradigm shift away from laser therapy to primary treatment with these pharmacologic agents. METHODS Medline literature search of approaches for treating DME. RESULTS Intravitreal pharmacologic treatments with anti-VEGF agents and corticosteroids have recently been shown to be superior to laser treatment of DME. CONCLUSION The existence of pharmacologic treatment of DME, shown to be superior to laser monotherapy, has created a seismic change in the approach of treatment of these patients. This review provides a summary of the therapies and the rationale regarding the current pharmacologic therapy of DME.
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Panoilia E, Schindler E, Samantas E, Aravantinos G, Kalofonos HP, Christodoulou C, Patrinos GP, Friberg LE, Sivolapenko G. A pharmacokinetic binding model for bevacizumab and VEGF165 in colorectal cancer patients. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2015; 75:791-803. [PMID: 25687989 PMCID: PMC4365273 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-015-2701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the population pharmacokinetics of bevacizumab, its binding properties to VEGF165 and the effect of demographic data and VEGF-A polymorphisms on the interplay between bevacizumab serum pharmacokinetics and VEGF165 serum concentrations in patients with colorectal cancer stage IV. METHODS Bevacizumab and VEGF165 data were collected from 19 adult patients with metastatic colorectal cancer enrolled in an observational clinical study. Bevacizumab was administered with one of the following combinations: 5-FU/Leucovorin/Irinotecan, 5-FU/Leucovorin/Oxaliplatin, Capecitabine/Irinotecan at doses ranging from 5 to 10 mg/kg every 2 or 3 weeks. Data analysis was performed using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling implemented in NONMEM 7.3. RESULTS A target-mediated drug disposition model adequately described bevacizumab concentration changes over time and its binding characteristics to VEGF165. The estimated clearance of bevacizumab was 0.18 L/day, the free VEGF165 levels at baseline were 212 ng/L, and the elimination rate constant of free VEGF165 was 0.401 day(-1). Body weight was allometrically included in all PK parameters. CONCLUSION The final model adequately described the pre- and post-dose concentrations of total bevacizumab and free VEGF165 in patients with colorectal cancer. Model parameters were consistent with those previously reported for patients with solid tumors. Correlations between the binding affinity of bevacizumab and the VEGF-2578C/A and VEGF-634G/C polymorphisms were noticed.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/blood
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/blood
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacokinetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/blood
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacokinetics
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Bevacizumab
- Colorectal Neoplasms/blood
- Colorectal Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Models, Biological
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Protein Binding
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/blood
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Panoilia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Rio-Patras, Greece,
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Tykhomyrov AA. Dynamics of thrombin-induced exposition of actin on the platelet surface. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2015; 86:74-81. [PMID: 25816590 DOI: 10.15407/ubj86.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets play the key role in thrombosis and are also involved in angiogenesis as well as immune and reparative responses. In the function cascade, platelets undergo a complex cell processing, and subcellular fragments, not detectable in the resting state, are exposed on platelet surface after stimulation with agonists. This study has been performed to evaluate dynamic characteristics of actin exposition on the surface of plasma membrane of thrombin-activated platelets. Using flow-cytometric assay, it has been observed that the level of actin presented on activated platelets directly depends on agonist concentration. In the case of platelet stimulation with thrombin in the highest concentration (1.0 U/ml) taken for this study, the level of actin exposed on activated platelets was up to 4.4 times higher as compared with resting cells. Confirmation of the flow cytometry data for cell-surface actin on thrombin-activated platelets was achieved by direct visualization using a confocal laser scanning microscopy. Period of actin exposition appeared to be longer than the time phase corresponding to platelet secretion stage. Functional role of platelet surface actin has required further detailed studying, however, it is thought that superficial actin could interact with various blood plasma proteins, including plasminogen and its activators, serving as a binding site and/or center for their pericellular processing.
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Duerschmied D, Bode C, Ahrens I. Immune functions of platelets. Thromb Haemost 2014; 112:678-91. [PMID: 25209670 DOI: 10.1160/th14-02-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This review collects evidence about immune and inflammatory functions of platelets from a clinician's point of view. A focus on clinically relevant immune functions aims at stimulating further research, because the complexity of platelet immunity is incompletely understood and not yet translated into patient care. Platelets promote chronic inflammatory reactions (e.g. in atherosclerosis), modulate acute inflammatory disorders such as sepsis and other infections (participating in the host defense against pathogens), and contribute to exacerbations of autoimmune conditions (like asthma or arthritis). It would hence be obsolete to restrict a description of platelet functions to thrombosis and haemostasis--platelets clearly are the most abundant cells with immune functions in the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Duerschmied
- Daniel Duerschmied, MD, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany, Tel.: +49 761 207 34410, Fax: +49 761 270 37855, E-mail:
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Munster M, Fremder E, Miller V, Ben-Tsedek N, Davidi S, Scherer SJ, Shaked Y. Anti-VEGF-A affects the angiogenic properties of tumor-derived microparticles. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95983. [PMID: 24752333 PMCID: PMC3994111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor derived microparticles (TMPs) have recently been shown to contribute to tumor re-growth partially by inducing the mobilization and tumor homing of specific bone marrow derived pro-angiogenic cells (BMDCs). Since antiangiogenic drugs block proangiogenic BMDC mobilization and tumor homing, we asked whether TMPs from cells exposed to an antiangiogenic drug may affect BMDC activity and trafficking. Here we show that the level of VEGF-A is reduced in TMPs from EMT/6 breast carcinoma cells exposed to the anti-VEGF-A antibody, B20. Consequently, these TMPs exhibit reduced angiogenic potential as evaluated by a Matrigel plug and Boyden chamber assays. Consistently, BMDC mobilization, tumor angiogenesis, microvessel density and BMDC-colonization in growing tumors are reduced in mice inoculated with TMPs from B20-exposed cells as compared to mice inoculated with control TMPs. Collectively, our results suggest that the neutralization of VEGF-A in cultured tumor cells can block TMP-induced BMDC mobilization and colonization of tumors and hence provide another mechanism of action by which antiangiogenic drugs act to inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Munster
- Department of Molecular pharmacology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ella Fremder
- Department of Molecular pharmacology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Valeria Miller
- Department of Molecular pharmacology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Neta Ben-Tsedek
- Department of Molecular pharmacology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shiri Davidi
- Department of Molecular pharmacology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Yuval Shaked
- Department of Molecular pharmacology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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Khasraw M, Ameratunga M, Grommes C. Bevacizumab for the treatment of high-grade glioma: an update after phase III trials. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 14:729-40. [PMID: 24655021 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.898060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gliomas are highly vascular and rich in VEGF, which promotes angiogenesis. Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody against VEGF, inhibiting angiogenesis by preventing receptor activation. Early Phase II clinical trials using bevacizumab in both newly diagnosed and recurrent high-grade gliomas (HGG) showed promising results, but these have not been confirmed in recent Phase III trials. This review is an update including recently reported Phase II and III study results. AREAS COVERED This is a review of clinical trials investigating bevacizumab in newly diagnosed and recurrent HGG with a focus on outcome results. A future perspective about the expected future role of bevacizumab is given. Bevacizumab efficacy, safety and tolerability, the combination of radiation and bevacizumab, as well as the use of bevacizumab to treat pseudoprogression are discussed. Further criteria of response evaluation needed to be adjusted in the age of antiangiogenic therapy are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION Bevacizumab has been shown to be safe and tolerable in HGG. In the recurrent disease setting, bevacizumab might offer clinical benefits and is currently approved as a single agent for this indication. Although clinical trials demonstrate a prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) in bevacizumab-treated HGG, a benefit on overall survival has not been demonstrated. Research so far shows that bevacizumab appears to prolong PFS in newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Available data do not demonstrate a survival benefit in newly diagnosed patients. In the recurrent setting, there is no adequately powered randomized clinical trial to address whether there is a PFS or survival benefit with bevacizumab. Bevacizumab has also been introduced into other settings in neuro-oncology, including concurrent administration with re-irradiation for recurrent HGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Khasraw
- Geelong Hospital, Andrew Love Cancer Centre , 70 Swanston Street, Geelong, VIC 3220 , Australia +61 3 42152700 ; +61 3 42152836 ;
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Platelet adhesion involves a novel interaction between vimentin and von Willebrand factor under high shear stress. Blood 2014; 123:2715-21. [PMID: 24642750 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-10-530428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between platelet receptor glycoprotein Ibα and the A1 domain of von Willebrand factor (VWF) mediates tethering/translocation of platelets to sites of vascular injury. Unexpectedly, we observed platelets translocating over A1A2A3 domains protein slower than on A1 domain at high shear stress. This observation suggests an additional interaction between A domains and an adhesive receptor. We investigated vimentin because we have data showing the interaction of vimentin with the A2 domain of VWF. Moreover, vimentin is expressed on the platelet surface. This novel interaction was analyzed by using purified VWF, recombinant proteins, anti-vimentin antibodies, parallel flow chamber adhesion assays, flow cytometry, and vimentin-deficient murine platelets. The active form of VWF bound to vimentin, and the purified A2 domain blocked that binding. The interaction of a gain-of-function A1A2A3 mutant with platelet was reduced using anti-vimentin antibody. Platelet adhesion to wild-type (WT) A1A2A3 protein, collagen, and fibrin(ogen) was inhibited (32-75%) by anti-vimentin antibody under high shear stress. Compared with WT mice, platelets from vimentin-deficient mice had a reduced flow-dependent adhesion to both collagen and purified murine VWF. Last, the vimentin knockout mice had a prolonged tail bleeding time. The results describe that platelet vimentin engages VWF during platelet adhesion under high shear stress.
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Benazzi C, Al-Dissi A, Chau CH, Figg WD, Sarli G, de Oliveira JT, Gärtner F. Angiogenesis in spontaneous tumors and implications for comparative tumor biology. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:919570. [PMID: 24563633 PMCID: PMC3916025 DOI: 10.1155/2014/919570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood supply is essential for development and growth of tumors and angiogenesis is the fundamental process of new blood vessel formation from preexisting ones. Angiogenesis is a prognostic indicator for a variety of tumors, and it coincides with increased shedding of neoplastic cells into the circulation and metastasis. Several molecules such as cell surface receptors, growth factors, and enzymes are involved in this process. While antiangiogenic therapy for cancer has been proposed over 20 years ago, it has garnered much controversy in recent years within the scientific community. The complex relationships between the angiogenic signaling cascade and antiangiogenic substances have indicated the angiogenic pathway as a valid target for anticancer drug development and VEGF has become the primary antiangiogenic drug target. This review discusses the basic and clinical perspectives of angiogenesis highlighting the importance of comparative biology in understanding tumor angiogenesis and the integration of these model systems for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Benazzi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - A. Al-Dissi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5B4
| | - C. H. Chau
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - W. D. Figg
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - G. Sarli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - J. T. de Oliveira
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-456 Porto, Portugal
- Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4200-456 Porto, Portugal
| | - F. Gärtner
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-456 Porto, Portugal
- Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4200-456 Porto, Portugal
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Everds NE, Tarrant JM. Unexpected hematologic effects of biotherapeutics in nonclinical species and in humans. Toxicol Pathol 2013; 41:280-302. [PMID: 23471185 DOI: 10.1177/0192623312467400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biotherapeutics are expanding the arsenal of therapeutics available for treating and preventing disease. Although initially thought to have limited side effects due to the specificity of their binding, these drugs have now been shown to have potential for adverse drug reactions including effects on peripheral blood cell counts or function. Hematotoxicity caused by a biotherapeutic can be directly related to the activity of the biotherapeutic or can be indirect and due to autoimmunity, biological cascades, antidrug antibodies, or other immune system responses. Biotherapeutics can cause hematotoxicity primarily as a result of cellular activation, cytotoxicity, drug-dependent and independent immune responses, and sequelae from initiating cytokine and complement cascades. The underlying pathogenesis of biotherapeutic-induced hematotoxicity often is poorly understood. Nonclinical studies have generally predicted clinical hematotoxicity for recombinant cytokines and growth factors. However, most hematologic liabilities of biotherapeutics are not based on drug class but are species specific, immune-mediated, and of low incidence. Despite the potential for unexpected hematologic toxicity, the risk-benefit profile of most biotherapeutics is favorable; hematologic effects are readily monitorable and managed by dose modification, drug withdrawal, and/or therapeutic intervention. This article reviews examples of biotherapeutics that have unexpected hematotoxicity in nonclinical or clinical studies.
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Logsdon EA, Finley SD, Popel AS, Mac Gabhann F. A systems biology view of blood vessel growth and remodelling. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 18:1491-508. [PMID: 24237862 PMCID: PMC4190897 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood travels throughout the body in an extensive network of vessels – arteries, veins and capillaries. This vascular network is not static, but instead dynamically remodels in response to stimuli from cells in the nearby tissue. In particular, the smallest vessels – arterioles, venules and capillaries – can be extended, expanded or pruned, in response to exercise, ischaemic events, pharmacological interventions, or other physiological and pathophysiological events. In this review, we describe the multi-step morphogenic process of angiogenesis – the sprouting of new blood vessels – and the stability of vascular networks in vivo. In particular, we review the known interactions between endothelial cells and the various blood cells and plasma components they convey. We describe progress that has been made in applying computational modelling, quantitative biology and high-throughput experimentation to the angiogenesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Logsdon
- Institute for Computational Medicine and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Bakker JL, Meijers-Heijboer H, Verheul H. Novel strategies towards the use of anti-angiogenic agents in breast cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 717:36-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Finley SD, Popel AS. Effect of tumor microenvironment on tumor VEGF during anti-VEGF treatment: systems biology predictions. J Natl Cancer Inst 2013; 105:802-11. [PMID: 23670728 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djt093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is known to be a potent promoter of angiogenesis under both physiological and pathological conditions. Given its role in regulating tumor vascularization, VEGF has been targeted in various cancer treatments, and anti-VEGF therapy has been used clinically for treatment of several types of cancer. Systems biology approaches, particularly computational models, provide insight into the complexity of tumor angiogenesis. These models complement experimental studies and aid in the development of effective therapies targeting angiogenesis. METHODS We developed an experiment-based, molecular-detailed compartment model of VEGF kinetics and transport to investigate the distribution of two major VEGF isoforms (VEGF121 and VEGF165) in the body. The model is applied to predict the dynamics of tumor VEGF and, importantly, to gain insight into how tumor VEGF responds to an intravenous injection of an anti-VEGF agent. RESULTS The model predicts that free VEGF in the tumor interstitium is seven to 13 times higher than plasma VEGF and is predominantly in the form of VEGF121 (>70%), predictions that are validated by experimental data. The model also predicts that tumor VEGF can increase or decrease with anti-VEGF treatment depending on tumor microenvironment, pointing to the importance of personalized medicine. CONCLUSIONS This computational study suggests that the rate of VEGF secretion by tumor cells may serve as a biomarker to predict the patient population that is likely to respond to anti-VEGF treatment. Thus, the model predictions have important clinical relevance and may aid clinicians and clinical researchers seeking interpretation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic observations and optimization of anti-VEGF therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey D Finley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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