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McNamee N, da Silva IP, Nagrial A, Gao B. Small-Cell Lung Cancer-An Update on Targeted and Immunotherapies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8129. [PMID: 37175833 PMCID: PMC10179261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive disease with distinct biological and clinical features. The clinical course of SCLC is generally characterised by initial sensitivity to DNA-damaging therapies, followed by early relapse and broad cross resistance to second line agents. Whilst there has been an enormous expansion of effective targeted and immune-based therapeutic options for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the last decade, little improvement has been achieved in SCLC treatment and survival due, at least in part, to underappreciated inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity. Here we review the current treatment paradigm of SCLC including recent advances made in utilizing immunotherapy and the challenges of identifying a predictive biomarker for immunotherapy response. We examine emerging new targeted therapies, combination immunotherapy and future directions of SCLC treatment research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ines Pires da Silva
- Blacktown and Westmead Hospitals, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Adnan Nagrial
- Blacktown and Westmead Hospitals, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Bo Gao
- Blacktown and Westmead Hospitals, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
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2
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Ando H, Eshima K, Ishida T. A polyethylene glycol-conjugate of deoxycytidine analog, DFP-14927, produces potential antitumor effects on pancreatic tumor-xenograft murine models via inducing G2/M arrest. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 950:175758. [PMID: 37121563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A deoxycytidine analog is a potential agent for the treatment of several cancers, which includes poorly prognostic pancreatic cancer. We previously developed deoxycytidine analog DFP-10917, and long-term/low-dose infusions of this analog has produced antitumor effects in leukemia cancer- and ovarian cancer-xenograft models. DFP-10917 is now undergoing clinical Phase III study in the United States for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia. PEG-drug conjugation has become a promising technique to improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of anti-cancer drugs. In the present study, we synthesized a novel PEG-drug conjugate of DFP-10917, referred to hereafter as DFP-14927, using a 4-armed CTPEG system to endow the DFP-10917 drug with favorable long-circulating properties that maximize its utility and antitumor efficacy. Intravenous injection of the synthesized DFP-14927 returned encouraging antitumor effects in a Panc-1 human pancreatic tumor- and a BxPC-3 human pancreatic tumor-xenograft models. These effects were comparable to that of free DFP-10917 as well as to that of gemcitabine, which is considered a standard in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. In vitro studies revealed that DFP-14927 inhibits cell division on human pancreatic cancer cell lines via arrest of the G2/M phase in the cell cycle, which is consistent with the effects of free DFP-10917. Intravenous administration of the newly synthesized DFP-14927 has induced G2/M arrest in human pancreatic tumor-xenograft murine models, which represents an improvement in the pharmacokinetics of DFP-10917. DFP-14927 could be an alternative for patients who cannot accept prolonged or continuous infusions of DFP-10917.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Ando
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuhiro Ishida
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
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3
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Leung ELH, Fan XX, Huang JM, Huang C, Lin H, Cao YB. Holistic immunomodulation for small cell lung cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 88:96-105. [PMID: 36470543 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is characterized by a high mortality rate, rapid growth, and early metastasis, which lead to a poor prognosis. Moreover, limited clinical treatment options further lower the survival rate of patients. Therefore, novel technology and agents are urgently required to enhance clinical efficacy. In this review, from a holistic perspective, we summarized the therapeutic targets, agents and strategies with the most potential for treating SCLC, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T therapy, immunomodulating antibodies, traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), and the microbiota, which have been found recently to improve the clinical outcomes and prognosis of SCLC. Multiomics technologies can be integrated to develop effective diagnostic methods and identify new targets for new drug discovery in SCLC. We discussed in depth the feasibility, potential, and challenges of these new strategies, as well as their combinational treatments, which may provide promising alternatives for enhancing the clinical efficacy of SCLC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Lai-Han Leung
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao Special Administrative Region of China; MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macao Special Administrative Region of China.
| | - Xing-Xing Fan
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Ju-Min Huang
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao Special Administrative Region of China; MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macao Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Chen Huang
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Hong Lin
- Zhuhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Ya-Bing Cao
- Department of Oncology, Kiang Wu Hospital, Macao Special Administrative Region of China.
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Hung MC, Wang WP, Chi YH. AKT phosphorylation as a predictive biomarker for PI3K/mTOR dual inhibition-induced proteolytic cleavage of mTOR companion proteins in small cell lung cancer. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:122. [PMID: 35918763 PMCID: PMC9344631 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00862-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Constitutive activation of PI3K signaling has been well recognized in a subset of small cell lung cancer (SCLC), the cancer type which has the most aggressive clinical course amongst pulmonary tumors. Whereas cancers that acquire a mutation/copy gain in PIK3CA or loss of PTEN have been implicated in enhanced sensitivity to inhibitors targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, the complexities of the pathway and corresponding feedback loops hamper clear predictions as to the response of tumors presenting these genomic features. Methods The correlation between the expression profile of proteins involved in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling and cell viability in response to treatment with small molecule inhibitors targeting isoform-specific PI3Ks, AKT, and mTOR was assessed in 13 SCLC cancer cell lines. Athymic nude mice were used to determine the effect of PI3K/mTOR dual inhibition on the growth of xenograft SCLC tumors in vivo. The activation of caspase signaling and proteolytic cleavages of mTOR companion proteins were assessed using recombinant caspases assays and Western blot analyses. Results Our results indicate that the sensitivity of these SCLC cell lines to GSK2126458, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, is positively correlated with the expression levels of phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) at Thr308 and Ser473. Inhibition of pan-class I PI3Ks or PI3K/mTOR dual inhibition was shown to induce proteolytic cleavage of RICTOR and RPTOR, which were respectively dependent on Caspase-6 and Caspase-3. A combination of a clinically approved PI3Kα-selective inhibitor and an mTORC1 inhibitor was shown to have synergistic effects in inducing the death of SCLC cells with high p-AKT. We observed no clear correlation between PTEN levels and the survival of SCLCs in response to PI3K/mTOR dual inhibition; however, PTEN depletion was shown to increase the susceptibility of low p-AKT SCLC cells to dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor-induced cell death as well as the proteolytic cleavage of RICTOR. Conclusions These results suggest the level of p-AKT can be a companion diagnostic biomarker for the treatment of SCLC involving the combinational use of clinically approved isoform-specific PI3K and mTOR inhibitors. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00862-y.
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Oral administration of sodium bicarbonate can enhance the therapeutic outcome of Doxil® via neutralizing the acidic tumor microenvironment. J Control Release 2022; 350:414-420. [PMID: 35988781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The pH of the tumor microenvironment in solid tumors is reported to be more acidic than that of normal tissues. The pH is controlled by over-expression of several transporters that are associated with the progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis of solid tumors. Antitumor effects of weak-base anticancer agents, such as doxorubicin (DXR), could be reduced in an acidic environment because of increases in the ionized form of the drug under these conditions, reducing its membrane penetrability. In our previous studies, we demonstrated that oral administration of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) can neutralize the acidic tumor microenvironment and enhance the effects of small molecule anticancer drugs. However, it is not known whether or not increasing the tumor pH by oral administration of NaHCO3 leads to enhanced antitumor effects of lipidic nanoparticle formulations of weak-base anticancer drugs, such as Doxil®. In this study, we investigated the antitumor efficacy of Doxil® in combination with oral administration of NaHCO3 in a Colon26 tumor-bearing mouse model. NaHCO3 clearly enhanced the tumor-growth inhibitory effect of Doxil® without exacerbating any systemic side effects. In vitro studies indicated that high levels of DXR were internalized into cells at neutral pH. These studies demonstrate that the neutralization of acidic tumor microenvironment by an oral administration of NaHCO3 could be a promising approach to enhance the therapeutic outcomes of Doxil®.
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Valadares BN, Stephano MA. Small cell lung cancer: an overview of the targets. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e19114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Li Z, Zhou S, Yang X, Li X, Yang GX, Chant J, Snyder M, Wang X. Broad Anti-Cancer Activity Produced by Targeted Nutrients Deprivation (TND) of Multiple Non-Essential Amino Acids. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:2607-2621. [PMID: 34905997 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.2013904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been known for close to 100 years that the metabolism of cancer cells is altered and different than that of healthy cells in the body. On that basis, we have developed an entirely novel approach to managing cancer, termed Targeted Nutrients Deprivation (TND). TND employs a formulated diet depleted of multiple non-essential amino acids (NEAAs) that are required by tumor cells but not by normal cells. Cancer cells specifically require those NEAAs due to their heightened and rewired metabolism. We demonstrated that our first proprietary formulated TND diet-FTN203-significantly reduced the growth of multiple human tumor xenografts in mouse. In combination with chemotherapy and immunotherapy, FTN203 further enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Reliance on FTN203 as the sole nutrition source was shown to be safe without causing detrimental body-weight loss or internal organ damage. Our findings indicate that TND is a novel and safe approach to managing cancer.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2021.2013904 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Li
- Filtricine, Inc, Santa Clara, California, USA
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Filtricine, Inc, Santa Clara, California, USA
| | | | - Xiyan Li
- Filtricine, Inc, Santa Clara, California, USA
| | | | - John Chant
- Filtricine, Inc, Santa Clara, California, USA
| | | | - Xin Wang
- Filtricine, Inc, Santa Clara, California, USA
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8
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Ando H, Murakami Y, Eshima K, Ishida T. A novel polyethylene glycol (PEG)-drug conjugate of Venetoclax, a Bcl-2 inhibitor, for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021; 5:e1485. [PMID: 34173723 PMCID: PMC8955075 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Venetoclax (VTX) is an anticancer drug. It is a selective Bcl‐2 inhibitor that is clinically used for the treatment of patients with lymphomas and leukemias. Treatment with VTX, however, is accompanied by severe adverse events such as tumor lysis syndrome and neutropenia, because VTX readily binds to serum proteins, which results in poor pharmacokinetics and poor tumor tissue concentration. To avoid such adverse events, VTX is administered using a daily or weekly ramp‐up schedule that is cumbersome in clinical situations. Aims To overcome these shortcomings, we prepared a novel polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐drug conjugate of VTX (PEG‐VTX) and evaluated its cytotoxic effects on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) both in vitro and in vivo. Methods and results VTX and 4‐armed PEG derivatives were covalently attached through an amide bond linker. In a series of in vitro studies, PEG‐VTX selectively induced potent growth inhibition of MV4‐11 human AML cells via the inducement of Bcl‐2‐mediated apoptosis. PEG‐VTX had the effect of free VTX, presumably due to the protease‐mediated release of VTX from the conjugates. In in vivo studies with AML tumor‐xenograft mice models, intravenous PEG‐VTX promoted sufficient tumor growth suppression. Compared with a regimen of oral free VTX, the intravenous regimen in those studies used a VTX dosage that was 15–30 times smaller for an OCI‐AML‐2 xenograft model and a dosing regimen that was less frequent for an MV4‐11 xenograft model. The most important development, however, was the absence of weight loss related to severe side effects throughout the treatments. An increase in water solubility and the resultant hydrodynamic size of VTX via PEGylation improved the pharmacokinetics of VTX by avoiding protein interactions and lessening the extravasation from blood. The result was an increase in tumor accumulation and a decrease in the nonspecific distribution of VTX. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that PEG‐VTX could be an alternative therapeutic option for the safe and effective treatment of patients with AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Ando
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuta Murakami
- Biotechnology & Medical Division, Planning Department, Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuhiro Ishida
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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9
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Abdel-Rahman SA, Wafa EI, Ebeid K, Geary SM, Naguib YW, El-Damasy AK, Salem AK. Thiophene derivative-loaded nanoparticles mediate anticancer activity through the inhibition of kinases and microtubule assembly. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021; 4. [PMID: 34423112 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Different tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene derivatives were explored as new tubulin polymerization destabilizers to arrest tumor cell mitosis. A series of compounds incorporating the tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene scaffold were synthesized, and their biological activities were investigated. The cytotoxicity of each of the synthesized compounds was assessed against a range of cell lines. Specifically, the benzyl urea tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene derivative, 1-benzyl-3-(3-cyano-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)urea (BU17), was identified as the most potent compound with broad-spectrum antitumor activity against several cancer cell lines. The potential mechanism(s) of action were investigated where dose-dependent G2/M accumulation and A549 cell cycle arrest were detected. Additionally, A549 cells treated with BU17 expressed enhanced levels of caspase 3 and 9, indicating the induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, it was found that BU17 inhibits WEE1 kinase and targets tubulin by blocking its polymerization. BU17 was also formulated into PLGA nanoparticles, and it was demonstrated that BU17-loaded nanoparticles could significantly enhance antitumor activity compared to the soluble counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaya A Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Emad I Wafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kareem Ebeid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia City, Minia, 61519 Egypt
| | - Sean M Geary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Youssef W Naguib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia City, Minia, 61519 Egypt
| | - Ashraf K El-Damasy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Aliasger K Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Ando H, Eshima K, Ishida T. Neutralization of Acidic Tumor Microenvironment (TME) with Daily Oral Dosing of Sodium Potassium Citrate (K/Na Citrate) Increases Therapeutic Effect of Anti-cancer Agent in Pancreatic Cancer Xenograft Mice Model. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:266-270. [PMID: 33518679 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular pH (pHe) of tumor cells is characteristic of tumor microenvironment (TME). Acidic TME impairs the responses of tumors to some anti-cancer chemotherapies. In this study, we showed that daily oral dosing of sodium potassium citrate (K/Na citrate) increased blood HCO3- concentrations, corresponding to increase of HCO3- concentrations and pHs in urine, and neutralized the tumor pHe. Neutralization of acidic TME by alkaline substance like HCO3-, an active metabolite of K/Na citrate, well potentiated the therapeutic effect of anticancer agent TS-1®, an orally active 5-fuluoro-uracil derivative, in Panc-1 pancreatic cancer-xenograft murine model. Neutralization of acidic TME by using an alkaline K/Na citrate is a smart approach for enhancement of the therapeutic effects of anticancer agents for pancreatic cancer in the end stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Ando
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | | | - Tatsuhiro Ishida
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
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11
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Abdel-Rahman SA, El-Damasy AK, Hassan GS, Wafa EI, Geary SM, Maarouf AR, Salem AK. Cyclohepta[ b]thiophenes as Potential Antiproliferative Agents: Design, Synthesis, In Vitro, and In Vivo Anticancer Evaluation. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:965-977. [PMID: 33073194 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Several thiophene featuring compounds are known for their promising antiproliferative activity. Prompted by the urgent need to identify new potent anticancer agents, 16 compounds of benzamides, benzylamines, and urea analogues incorporating a cyclohepta[b]thiophene scaffold were synthesized and biologically evaluated with a cell proliferation assay using the A549 nonsmall cell lung cancer cell line. Compound 17 demonstrated both potent and broad-spectrum anticancer activity with submicromolar 50% growth inhibition (GI50) values. It also showed superior antiproliferative activity (vs nocodazole) in OVACAR-4, OVACAR-5, CAKI-1, and T47D cell lines with GI50 values of 2.01 (vs 22.28), 2.27 (vs 20.75), 0.69 (vs 1.11), and 0.362 (vs 81.283) μM, respectively. Additionally, compound 17 displayed minimal cytotoxicity based on 50% lethal concentration (LC50) values toward all tested cell lines. Further cell-based mechanistic studies of compound 17 revealed its ability to induce cell cycle arrest of A549 cells as evidenced by dose dependent G2/M accumulation. Furthermore, induction of early apoptosis along with activation of caspase 3, 8, and 9 were confirmed in A549 cells treated with compound 17. Targeting tubulin polymerization may explain the mechanism of the antiproliferative activity of compound 17 based on cell cycle analysis, detected apoptosis, and in vitro inhibition of tubulin polymerization. In vitro data were further supported by in vivo antitumor efficacy studies of compound 17 in a CT26 murine model for which the results showed a reduction in the tumor growth compared to untreated mice. Overall, compound 17 has the potential to function as a promising candidate for further development of potent anticancer chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaya A Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ashraf K El-Damasy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ghada S Hassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Emad I Wafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Sean M Geary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Azza R Maarouf
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Aliasger K Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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Perino S, Moreau B, Freda J, Cirello A, White BH, Quinn JM, Kriksciukaite K, Someshwar A, Romagnoli J, Robinson M, Movassaghian S, Cipriani T, Wooster R, Bilodeau MT, Whalen KA. Novel Miniaturized Drug Conjugate Leverages HSP90-driven Tumor Accumulation to Overcome PI3K Inhibitor Delivery Challenges to Solid Tumors. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1613-1622. [PMID: 32499300 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The PI3K pathway is considered a master regulator for cancer due to its frequent activation, making it an attractive target for pharmacologic intervention. While substantial efforts have been made to develop drugs targeting PI3K signaling, few drugs have been able to achieve the inhibition necessary for effective tumor control at tolerated doses. HSP90 is a chaperone protein that is overexpressed and activated in many tumors and as a consequence, small-molecule ligands of HSP90 are preferentially retained in tumors up to 20 times longer than in normal tissue. We hypothesize that the generation of conjugates that use a HSP90-targeting ligand and a payload such as copanlisib, may open the narrow therapeutic window of this and other PI3K inhibitors. In support of this hypothesis, we have generated a HSP90-PI3K drug conjugate, T-2143 and utilizing xenograft models, demonstrate rapid and sustained tumor accumulation of the conjugate, deep pathway inhibition, and superior efficacy than the PI3K inhibitor on its own. Selective delivery of T-2143 and the masking of the inhibitor active site was also able to mitigate a potentially dose-limiting side effect of copanlisib, hyperglycemia. These data demonstrate that by leveraging the preferential accumulation of HSP90-targeting ligands in tumors, we can selectively deliver a PI3K inhibitor leading to efficacy in multiple tumor models without hyperglycemia in mice. These data highlight a novel drug delivery strategy that allows for the potential opening of a narrow therapeutic window through specific tumor delivery of anticancer payloads and reduction of toxicity.
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13
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Huang HL, Lin WJ. Dual Peptide-Modified Nanoparticles Improve Combination Chemotherapy of Etoposide and siPIK3CA Against Drug-Resistant Small Cell Lung Carcinoma. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12030254. [PMID: 32178266 PMCID: PMC7150975 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is a highly aggressive form of malignancy with rapid recurrence and poor prognosis. The dual peptide-modified nanoparticles (NPs) for improving chemotherapy against drug-resistant small cell lung carcinoma cells has been developed. In this study, the SCLC targeting ligand, antagonist G peptide (AG), and cell-penetrating peptide, TAT, modified NPs were used to encapsulate both anticancer drugs etoposide (ETP) and PIK3CA small-interfering RNA (siPIK3CA). The ETP@NPs and siRNA@NPs had particle size 201.0 ± 1.9-206.5 ± 0.7 nm and 155.3 ± 12.4-169.1 ± 11.2 nm, respectively. The lyophilized ETP@NPs and siRNA@NPs maintained their particle size and zeta potential during 28-day storage without severe aggregation or dissociation. Either ETP@NPs or siRNA@NPs significantly reduced the IC50 of drugs by 2.5-5.5 folds and 2.4-3.9 folds, respectively, as compared to free ETP and siRNA/PEI nanocomplex in drug-resistant CD133(+) H69 cells. Herein, the IC50 of dual-peptide modified ETP@NPs and siRNA@NPs were prominently lower than single-peptide modified NPs. The synergistic effect (CI < 1) was further observed in co-treatment of ETP and siPIK3CA particularly delivered by dual-peptide modified NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Lin Huang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10050, Taiwan
| | - Wen Jen Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10050, Taiwan
- Drug Research Center, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10050, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-33668765; Fax: +886-2-23919098
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Quach ND, Kaur SP, Eggert MW, Ingram L, Ghosh D, Sheth S, Nagy T, Dawson MR, Arnold RD, Cummings BS. Paradoxical Role of Glypican-1 in Prostate Cancer Cell and Tumor Growth. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11478. [PMID: 31391540 PMCID: PMC6685992 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47874-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that glypican-1 (GPC-1) is a biomarker for prostate cancer, but there are few studies elucidating the role of GPC-1 in prostate cancer progression. We observed high expression of GPC-1 in more aggressive prostate cancer cell lines such as PC-3 and DU-145. While inhibition of GPC-1 expression in PC-3 cells decreased cell growth and migration in vitro, it surprisingly increased cell proliferation and migration in DU-145 cells, suggesting that the role of GPC-1 is cell type-dependent. Further, GPC-1 inhibition increased PC-3 tumor size in NCr nude mice xenografts. We hypothesized that the discrepancy between the in vitro and in vivo data is mediated by stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment. Thus, we tested the effect of tumor conditioned media (TCM) on gene expression in human mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblasts. Treatment of stromal cells with TCM from PC-3 cells transfected with GPC-1 shRNA increased the expression of migration markers, endocrine/paracrine biomolecules, and extracellular matrix components. Additionally, the decreased cell growth in GPC-1 knockdown PC-3 cells was rescued by coculturing with stromal cells. These data demonstrate the paradoxical role that GPC-1 plays in prostate cancer cell growth by interacting with stromal cells and through ECM remodeling and endocrine/paracrine signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhat D Quach
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, & Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sukhneeraj Pal Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Matthew W Eggert
- Department of Drug Discovery & Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Lishann Ingram
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Deepraj Ghosh
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, & Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sheela Sheth
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Tamas Nagy
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Michelle R Dawson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, & Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Robert D Arnold
- Department of Drug Discovery & Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Brian S Cummings
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA. .,Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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15
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Rabin-Court A, Rodrigues MR, Zhang XM, Perry RJ. Obesity-associated, but not obesity-independent, tumors respond to insulin by increasing mitochondrial glucose oxidation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218126. [PMID: 31188872 PMCID: PMC6561592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased incidence and worse prognosis of more than one dozen tumor types; however, the molecular mechanisms for this association remain under debate. We hypothesized that insulin, which is elevated in obesity-driven insulin resistance, would increase tumor glucose oxidation in obesity-associated tumors. To test this hypothesis, we applied and validated a stable isotope method to measure the ratio of pyruvate dehydrogenase flux to citrate synthase flux (VPDH/VCS, i.e. the percent of total mitochondrial oxidation fueled by glucose) in tumor cells. Using this method, we found that three tumor cell lines associated with obesity (colon cancer [MC38], breast cancer [4T1], and prostate cancer [TRAMP-C3] cells) increase VPDH/VCS in response to physiologic concentrations of insulin. In contrast, three tumor cell lines that are not associated with obesity (melanoma [YUMM1.7], B cell lymphoma [BCL1 clone 5B1b], and small cell lung cancer [NCI-H69] cells) exhibited no oxidative response to insulin. The observed increase in glucose oxidation in response to insulin correlated with a dose-dependent increase in cell division in obesity-associated tumor cell lines when grown in insulin, whereas no alteration in cell division was seen in tumor types not associated with obesity. These data reveal that a shift in substrate preference in the setting of physiologic insulin may comprise a metabolic signature of obesity-associated tumors that differs from that of those not associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviva Rabin-Court
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Marcos R. Rodrigues
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Xian-Man Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Rachel J. Perry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Schwartz CJ, Hickman R, Zhang X, Galvao Neto A, Adler E. Primary Esophageal Mixed Sarcomatoid and Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma With Brain Metastasis: A Challenging Diagnosis on Biopsy. Int J Surg Pathol 2018; 27:84-88. [PMID: 30009659 DOI: 10.1177/1066896918782426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mixed carcinomas in the esophagus are highly uncommon neoplasms that represent a diagnostic challenge on small tissue biopsies. We present a case of a primary mixed sarcomatoid–small cell carcinoma of the esophagus that was diagnosed after repeat sampling of the lesion. The components were morphologically distinct and could be further classified by immunohistochemistry. Next-generation sequencing identified mutations in PIK3CA and CDKN2A. The small cell component morphology was also identified in brain metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Esther Adler
- New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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17
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Lu HY, Qin J, Han N, Lei L, Xie F, Li C. EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, PTEN, and PIK3CA mutation in plasma of small cell lung cancer patients. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:2217-2226. [PMID: 29720878 PMCID: PMC5916454 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s159612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive and deadly neuroendocrine tumor derived from bronchial epithelial cells. Although it results in a 95% mortality rate, the development of targeted therapies for SCLCs has lagged behind. The aim of this study is to better research mutation characteristics of SCLC and identify potential biomarkers for target therapy. Methods We utilized high-resolution melting analysis to identify the mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS), v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase catalytic (PIK3CA) from the blood. A cohort of 99 SCLC patients including 44 limited-stage disease patients and 55 extensive-stage disease patients were prospectively collected. Results EGFR 18 (G719X) mutation was found in 5 patients, EGFR 19 (del) mutation in 2, EGFR 20 (T790M) in 3, EGFR 21 (L858R) in 2, KRAS 2 (G13D) in 5, BRAF 15 (V600E) in 1, PIK3CA 9 (E542K) in 1, and no mutations in PTEN 5 (R130G), PTEN 6 (R173C), PTEN 8 (T319fs*1), and PIK3CA 20 (H1047R) were identified. Among these patients, two harbored EGFR double mutation, one patient with EGFR double mutation and KRAS 2 (G13D) mutation. Conclusion The mutation form of EGFR may differ from lung adenocarcinoma, and mutations of KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA were rare in SCLC. These results aided us in comprehensively analyzing genetic features and laid the foundation for exploring the possibility of target therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yang Lu
- Department of Oncology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Qin
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Han
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Lei
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fajun Xie
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenghui Li
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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18
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Lochmann TL, Floros KV, Naseri M, Powell KM, Cook W, March RJ, Stein GT, Greninger P, Maves YK, Saunders LR, Dylla SJ, Costa C, Boikos SA, Leverson JD, Souers AJ, Krystal GW, Harada H, Benes CH, Faber AC. Venetoclax Is Effective in Small-Cell Lung Cancers with High BCL-2 Expression. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 24:360-369. [PMID: 29118061 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an often-fatal neuroendocrine carcinoma usually presenting as extensive disease, carrying a 3% 5-year survival. Despite notable advances in SCLC genomics, new therapies remain elusive, largely due to a lack of druggable targets.Experimental Design: We used a high-throughput drug screen to identify a venetoclax-sensitive SCLC subpopulation and validated the findings with multiple patient-derived xenografts of SCLC.Results: Our drug screen consisting of a very large collection of cell lines demonstrated that venetoclax, an FDA-approved BCL-2 inhibitor, was found to be active in a substantial fraction of SCLC cell lines. Venetoclax induced BIM-dependent apoptosis in vitro and blocked tumor growth and induced tumor regressions in mice bearing high BCL-2-expressing SCLC tumors in vivo BCL-2 expression was a predictive biomarker for sensitivity in SCLC cell lines and was highly expressed in a subset of SCLC cell lines and tumors, suggesting that a substantial fraction of patients with SCLC could benefit from venetoclax. Mechanistically, we uncover a novel role for gene methylation that helped discriminate high BCL-2-expressing SCLCs.Conclusions: Altogether, our findings identify venetoclax as a promising new therapy for high BCL-2-expressing SCLCs. Clin Cancer Res; 24(2); 360-9. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy L Lochmann
- VCU Philips Institute, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center; Richmond, Virginia
| | - Konstantinos V Floros
- VCU Philips Institute, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center; Richmond, Virginia
| | - Mitra Naseri
- VCU Philips Institute, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center; Richmond, Virginia
| | - Krista M Powell
- VCU Philips Institute, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center; Richmond, Virginia
| | - Wade Cook
- VCU Philips Institute, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center; Richmond, Virginia
| | - Ryan J March
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Giovanna T Stein
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Patricia Greninger
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Scott J Dylla
- AbbVie Stemcentrx LLC, South San Francisco, California
| | - Carlotta Costa
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Sosipatros A Boikos
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, & Palliative Care, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | | | | | - Geoffrey W Krystal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Hisashi Harada
- VCU Philips Institute, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center; Richmond, Virginia.
| | - Cyril H Benes
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts.
| | - Anthony C Faber
- VCU Philips Institute, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center; Richmond, Virginia.
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19
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Zeng SX, Zhu Y, Ma AH, Yu W, Zhang H, Lin TY, Shi W, Tepper CG, Henderson PT, Airhart S, Guo JM, Xu CL, deVere White RW, Pan CX. The Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Pathway as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Bladder Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:6580-6591. [PMID: 28808038 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Activation of the PI3K pathway occurs in over 40% of bladder urothelial cancers. The aim of this study is to determine the therapeutic potential, the underlying action, and the resistance mechanisms of drugs targeting the PI3K pathway.Experimental Design: Urothelial cancer cell lines and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) were analyzed for alterations of the PI3K pathway and for their sensitivity to the small-molecule inhibitor pictilisib alone and in combination with cisplatin and/or gemcitabine. Potential predictive biomarkers for pictilisib were evaluated, and RNA sequencing was performed to explore drug resistance mechanisms.Results: The bladder cancer cell line TCCSUP, which harbors a PIK3CA E545K mutation, was sensitive to pictilisib compared to cell lines with wild-type PIK3CA Pictilisib exhibited stronger antitumor activity in bladder cancer PDX models with PI3KCA H1047R mutation or amplification than the control PDX model. Pictilisib synergized with cisplatin and/or gemcitabine in vitro, significantly delayed tumor growth, and prolonged survival compared with single-drug treatment in the PDX models. The phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 correlated with response to pictilisib both in vitro and in vivo, and could potentially serve as a biomarker to predict response to pictilisib. Pictilisib activated the compensatory MEK/ERK pathway that likely contributed to pictilisib resistance, which was reversed by cotreatment with the RAF inhibitor sorafenib. RNA sequencing of tumors resistant to treatment suggested that LSP1 downregulation correlated with drug resistance.Conclusions: These preclinical results provide new insights into the therapeutic potential of targeting the PI3K pathway for the treatment of bladder cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 23(21); 6580-91. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Xiong Zeng
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California.,Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjun Zhu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California.,Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ai-Hong Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Weimin Yu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California.,Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hongyong Zhang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Tzu-Yin Lin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Wei Shi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California.,Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Clifford G Tepper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Paul T Henderson
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | | | - Jian-Ming Guo
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan-Liang Xu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ralph W deVere White
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Chong-Xian Pan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California. .,Department of Urology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, California.,VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California
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20
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Retraction: Targeting Small Cell Lung Cancer Harboring PIK3CA Mutation with a Selective Oral PI3K Inhibitor PF-4989216. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:4523. [PMID: 28765399 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Wu CP, Murakami M, Hsiao SH, Chou AW, Li YQ, Huang YH, Hung TH, Ambudkar SV. Overexpression of ATP-Binding Cassette Subfamily G Member 2 Confers Resistance to Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Inhibitor PF-4989216 in Cancer Cells. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:2368-2377. [PMID: 28597653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Deregulated activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is frequently found in human cancers, which plays a key role in promoting cancer proliferation and resistance to anticancer therapies. Therefore, developing inhibitors targeting key components of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway has great clinical significance. PF-4989216 is a novel, orally available small-molecule drug that was developed to selectively inhibit the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and subsequent cancer cell proliferation. PF-4989216 exhibited potent and selective inhibition against PI3K kinase activity in preclinical small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) models, and was especially effective against the proliferation of SCLCs harboring PIK3CA mutation. Unfortunately, in addition to innate resistance mechanisms, drug extrusion by the efflux pumps may also contribute to the development of acquired resistance to PI3K inhibitors in cancer cells. The overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug transporters ABCB1 and ABCG2 is one of the most common mechanisms for reducing intracellular drug concentration and developing multidrug resistance, which remains a substantial challenge to the effective treatment of cancer. In this study, we report the discovery of ABCG2 overexpression as a mechanism of resistance to PI3K inhibitor PF-4989216 in human cancer cells. We demonstrated that the inhibition of Akt and downstream S6RP phosphorylation by PF-4989216 were significantly reduced in ABCG2-overexpressing human cancer cells. Moreover, overexpression of ABCG2 in various cancer cell lines confers significant resistance to PF-4989216, which can be reversed by an inhibitor or competitive substrate of ABCG2, indicating that ABCG2-mediated transport alone can sufficiently reduce the intracellular concentration of PF-4989216.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Pu Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Tao-Yuan 105, Taiwan
| | - Megumi Murakami
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, CCR, NCI, NIH , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | | | | | - Yan-Qing Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Tao-Yuan 105, Taiwan
| | | | - Tai-Ho Hung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Taipei 105, Taiwan
| | - Suresh V Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, CCR, NCI, NIH , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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22
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Nottegar A, Tabbò F, Luchini C, Guerrera F, Gaudiano M, Bria E, Brunelli M, Chilosi M, Inghirami G. Pulmonary adenocarcinoma with enteric differentiation: Dissecting oncogenic genes alterations with DNA sequencing and FISH analysis. Exp Mol Pathol 2017; 102:276-279. [PMID: 28237660 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma with Enteric Differentiation (PAED) is a rare subtype of adenocarcinoma of emerging interest, recently introduced in the 2015 WHO classification. However, little is known about major molecular signatures of this class of adenocarcinomas and information about new biomarkers totally lack. METHODS We examined the NRAS, PIK3CA, EGFR, KRAS and BRAF status through mass spectrometry sequencing and ALK rearrangement by FISH in a series of 8 PAEDs. RESULTS 1/8 (12.5%) case had a simultaneous PIK3CA mutation (E545K) and an EML4-ALK translocation. KRAS gene showed a mutation in the codon 12 in 4/8 of PAED (50%), NRAS, BRAF and EGFR genes were wild type in all tumor samples. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that PIK3CA mutations and ALK rearrangement occur also in PAEDs, while NRAS mutations might be a very rare event similarly to pulmonary adenocarcinomas of conventional type. KRAS is the prevailing gene mutated in this class of adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Nottegar
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Tabbò
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; Departments of Pathology and Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 10065 New York, NY, USA
| | - Claudio Luchini
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; Department of Pathology, Santa Chiara Hospital, 38122 Trento, Italy
| | | | - Marcello Gaudiano
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science and Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Emilio Bria
- Medical Oncology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Brunelli
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Chilosi
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Giorgio Inghirami
- Departments of Pathology and Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 10065 New York, NY, USA
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23
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Polley E, Kunkel M, Evans D, Silvers T, Delosh R, Laudeman J, Ogle C, Reinhart R, Selby M, Connelly J, Harris E, Fer N, Sonkin D, Kaur G, Monks A, Malik S, Morris J, Teicher BA. Small Cell Lung Cancer Screen of Oncology Drugs, Investigational Agents, and Gene and microRNA Expression. J Natl Cancer Inst 2016; 108:djw122. [PMID: 27247353 PMCID: PMC6279282 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djw122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is an aggressive, recalcitrant cancer, often metastatic at diagnosis and unresponsive to chemotherapy upon recurrence, thus it is challenging to treat. METHODS Sixty-three human SCLC lines and three NSCLC lines were screened for response to 103 US Food and Drug Administration-approved oncology agents and 423 investigational agents. The investigational agents library was a diverse set of small molecules that included multiple compounds targeting the same molecular entity. The compounds were screened in triplicate at nine concentrations with a 96-hour exposure time using an ATP Lite endpoint. Gene expression was assessed by exon array, and microRNA expression was derived by direct digital detection. Activity across the SCLC lines was associated with molecular characteristics using pair-wise Pearson correlations. RESULTS Results are presented for inhibitors of targets: BCL2, PARP1, mTOR, IGF1R, KSP/Eg5, PLK-1, AURK, and FGFR1. A relational map identified compounds with similar patterns of response. Unsupervised microRNA clustering resulted in three distinct SCLC subgroups. Associating drug response with micro-RNA expression indicated that lines most sensitive to etoposide and topotecan expressed high miR-200c-3p and low miR-140-5p and miR-9-5p. The BCL-2/BCL-XL inhibitors produced similar response patterns. Sensitivity to ABT-737 correlated with higher ASCL1 and BCL2. Several classes of compounds targeting nuclear proteins regulating mitosis produced a response pattern distinct from the etoposide response pattern. CONCLUSIONS Agents targeting nuclear kinases appear to be effective in SCLC lines. Confirmation of SCLC line findings in xenografts is needed. The drug and compound response, gene expression, and microRNA expression data are publicly available at http://sclccelllines.cancer.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Polley
- Affiliations of authors:
Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD (DE, TS, RD, JL, CO, RR, MS, JC, EH, NF, AM); Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (MK, GK, JM, BAT), Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (EP, DS), and Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (SM), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Mark Kunkel
- Affiliations of authors:
Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD (DE, TS, RD, JL, CO, RR, MS, JC, EH, NF, AM); Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (MK, GK, JM, BAT), Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (EP, DS), and Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (SM), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - David Evans
- Affiliations of authors:
Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD (DE, TS, RD, JL, CO, RR, MS, JC, EH, NF, AM); Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (MK, GK, JM, BAT), Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (EP, DS), and Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (SM), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Thomas Silvers
- Affiliations of authors:
Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD (DE, TS, RD, JL, CO, RR, MS, JC, EH, NF, AM); Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (MK, GK, JM, BAT), Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (EP, DS), and Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (SM), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Rene Delosh
- Affiliations of authors:
Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD (DE, TS, RD, JL, CO, RR, MS, JC, EH, NF, AM); Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (MK, GK, JM, BAT), Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (EP, DS), and Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (SM), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Julie Laudeman
- Affiliations of authors:
Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD (DE, TS, RD, JL, CO, RR, MS, JC, EH, NF, AM); Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (MK, GK, JM, BAT), Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (EP, DS), and Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (SM), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Chad Ogle
- Affiliations of authors:
Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD (DE, TS, RD, JL, CO, RR, MS, JC, EH, NF, AM); Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (MK, GK, JM, BAT), Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (EP, DS), and Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (SM), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Russell Reinhart
- Affiliations of authors:
Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD (DE, TS, RD, JL, CO, RR, MS, JC, EH, NF, AM); Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (MK, GK, JM, BAT), Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (EP, DS), and Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (SM), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Michael Selby
- Affiliations of authors:
Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD (DE, TS, RD, JL, CO, RR, MS, JC, EH, NF, AM); Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (MK, GK, JM, BAT), Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (EP, DS), and Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (SM), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - John Connelly
- Affiliations of authors:
Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD (DE, TS, RD, JL, CO, RR, MS, JC, EH, NF, AM); Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (MK, GK, JM, BAT), Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (EP, DS), and Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (SM), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Erik Harris
- Affiliations of authors:
Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD (DE, TS, RD, JL, CO, RR, MS, JC, EH, NF, AM); Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (MK, GK, JM, BAT), Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (EP, DS), and Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (SM), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Nicole Fer
- Affiliations of authors:
Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD (DE, TS, RD, JL, CO, RR, MS, JC, EH, NF, AM); Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (MK, GK, JM, BAT), Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (EP, DS), and Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (SM), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Dmitriy Sonkin
- Affiliations of authors:
Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD (DE, TS, RD, JL, CO, RR, MS, JC, EH, NF, AM); Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (MK, GK, JM, BAT), Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (EP, DS), and Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (SM), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Gurmeet Kaur
- Affiliations of authors:
Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD (DE, TS, RD, JL, CO, RR, MS, JC, EH, NF, AM); Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (MK, GK, JM, BAT), Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (EP, DS), and Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (SM), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Anne Monks
- Affiliations of authors:
Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD (DE, TS, RD, JL, CO, RR, MS, JC, EH, NF, AM); Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (MK, GK, JM, BAT), Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (EP, DS), and Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (SM), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Shakun Malik
- Affiliations of authors:
Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD (DE, TS, RD, JL, CO, RR, MS, JC, EH, NF, AM); Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (MK, GK, JM, BAT), Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (EP, DS), and Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (SM), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Joel Morris
- Affiliations of authors:
Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD (DE, TS, RD, JL, CO, RR, MS, JC, EH, NF, AM); Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (MK, GK, JM, BAT), Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (EP, DS), and Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (SM), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Beverly A. Teicher
- Affiliations of authors:
Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD (DE, TS, RD, JL, CO, RR, MS, JC, EH, NF, AM); Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (MK, GK, JM, BAT), Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (EP, DS), and Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (SM), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
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24
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Activation of the PI3K/mTOR Pathway following PARP Inhibition in Small Cell Lung Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152584. [PMID: 27055253 PMCID: PMC4824499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive malignancy with limited treatment options. We previously found that PARP is overexpressed in SCLC and that targeting PARP reduces cell line and tumor growth in preclinical models. However, SCLC cell lines with PI3K/mTOR pathway activation were relatively less sensitive to PARP inhibition. In this study, we investigated the proteomic changes in PI3K/mTOR and other pathways that occur following PAPR inhibition and/or knockdown in vitro and in vivo. Using reverse-phase protein array, we found the proteins most significantly upregulated following treatment with the PARP inhibitors olaparib and rucaparib were in the PI3K/mTOR pathway (p-mTOR, p-AKT, and pS6) (p≤0.02). Furthermore, amongst the most significantly down-regulated proteins were LKB1 and its targets AMPK and TSC, which negatively regulate the PI3K pathway (p≤0.042). Following PARP knockdown in cell lines, phosphorylated mTOR, AKT and S6 were elevated and LKB1 signaling was diminished. Global ATP concentrations increased following PARP inhibition (p≤0.02) leading us to hypothesize that the observed increased PI3K/mTOR pathway activation following PARP inhibition results from decreased ATP usage and a subsequent decrease in stress response signaling via LKB1. Based on these results, we then investigated whether co-targeting with a PARP and PI3K inhibitor (BKM-120) would work better than either single agent alone. A majority of SCLC cell lines were sensitive to BKM-120 at clinically achievable doses, and cMYC expression was the strongest biomarker of response. At clinically achievable doses of talazoparib (the most potent PARP inhibitor in SCLC clinical testing) and BKM-120, an additive effect was observed in vitro. When tested in two SCLC animal models, a greater than additive interaction was seen (p≤0.008). The data presented here suggest that combining PARP and PI3K inhibitors enhances the effect of either agent alone in preclinical models of SCLC, warranting further investigation of such combinations in SCLC patients.
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25
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Santarpia M, Daffinà MG, Karachaliou N, González-Cao M, Lazzari C, Altavilla G, Rosell R. Targeted drugs in small-cell lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2016; 5:51-70. [PMID: 26958493 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2218-6751.2016.01.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), few advances have been made in systemic treatment of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) in recent years. Most patients are diagnosed with extensive stage disease and are commonly treated with platinum-based chemotherapy which, although attaining high initial objective responses, has a limited impact on survival. Due to the dismal prognosis of SCLC, novel and more effective treatment strategies are urgently needed. A deeper characterization of the genomic landscape of SCLC has led to the development of rational and promising targeted agents. However, despite a large number of clinical trials, results have been disappointing and there are still no approved targeted drugs for SCLC. Recent comprehensive genomic studies suggest SCLC is a heterogeneous disease, characterized by genomic alterations targeting a broad variety of genes, including those involved in transcription regulation and chromatin modification which seem to be a hallmark of this specific lung cancer subtype. Current research efforts are focusing on further understanding of the cellular and molecular abnormalities underlying SCLC development, progression and resistance to chemotherapy. Unraveling the genomic complexity of SCLC could be the key to optimize existing treatments, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and for identifying those patients most likely to benefit from selected targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariacarmela Santarpia
- 1 Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy ; 2 Dr Rosell Oncology Institute, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain ; 3 Division of Thoracic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy ; 4 Pangaea Biotech, Barcelona, Spain ; 5 Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain ; 6 Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Institute and Hospital, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain ; 7 Molecular Oncology Research (MORe) Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Grazia Daffinà
- 1 Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy ; 2 Dr Rosell Oncology Institute, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain ; 3 Division of Thoracic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy ; 4 Pangaea Biotech, Barcelona, Spain ; 5 Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain ; 6 Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Institute and Hospital, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain ; 7 Molecular Oncology Research (MORe) Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Niki Karachaliou
- 1 Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy ; 2 Dr Rosell Oncology Institute, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain ; 3 Division of Thoracic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy ; 4 Pangaea Biotech, Barcelona, Spain ; 5 Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain ; 6 Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Institute and Hospital, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain ; 7 Molecular Oncology Research (MORe) Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria González-Cao
- 1 Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy ; 2 Dr Rosell Oncology Institute, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain ; 3 Division of Thoracic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy ; 4 Pangaea Biotech, Barcelona, Spain ; 5 Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain ; 6 Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Institute and Hospital, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain ; 7 Molecular Oncology Research (MORe) Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chiara Lazzari
- 1 Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy ; 2 Dr Rosell Oncology Institute, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain ; 3 Division of Thoracic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy ; 4 Pangaea Biotech, Barcelona, Spain ; 5 Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain ; 6 Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Institute and Hospital, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain ; 7 Molecular Oncology Research (MORe) Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Altavilla
- 1 Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy ; 2 Dr Rosell Oncology Institute, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain ; 3 Division of Thoracic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy ; 4 Pangaea Biotech, Barcelona, Spain ; 5 Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain ; 6 Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Institute and Hospital, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain ; 7 Molecular Oncology Research (MORe) Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Rosell
- 1 Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy ; 2 Dr Rosell Oncology Institute, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain ; 3 Division of Thoracic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy ; 4 Pangaea Biotech, Barcelona, Spain ; 5 Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain ; 6 Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Institute and Hospital, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain ; 7 Molecular Oncology Research (MORe) Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Patel JN, Ersek JL, Kim ES. Lung cancer biomarkers, targeted therapies and clinical assays. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2015; 4:503-14. [PMID: 26629419 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2218-6751.2015.06.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, the majority of genomic cancer research has been in discovery and validation; however, as our knowledge of tumor molecular profiling improves, the idea of genomic application in the clinic becomes increasingly tangible, paralleled with the drug development of newer targeted therapies. A number of profiling methodologies exist to identify biomarkers found within the patient (germ-line DNA) and tumor (somatic DNA). Subsequently, commercially available clinical assays to test for both germ-line and somatic alterations that are prognostic and/or predictive of disease outcome, toxicity or treatment response have significantly increased. This review aims to summarize clinically relevant cancer biomarkers that serve as targets for therapy and their potential relationship to lung cancer. In order to realize the full potential of genomic cancer medicine, it is imperative that clinicians understand these intricate molecular pathways, the therapeutic implication of mutations within these pathways, and the availability of clinical assays to identify such biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai N Patel
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer L Ersek
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Edward S Kim
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
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27
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D’Haene N, Le Mercier M, De Nève N, Blanchard O, Delaunoy M, El Housni H, Dessars B, Heimann P, Remmelink M, Demetter P, Tejpar S, Salmon I. Clinical Validation of Targeted Next Generation Sequencing for Colon and Lung Cancers. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138245. [PMID: 26366557 PMCID: PMC4569137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Recently, Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) has begun to supplant other technologies for gene mutation testing that is now required for targeted therapies. However, transfer of NGS technology to clinical daily practice requires validation. Methods We validated the Ion Torrent AmpliSeq Colon and Lung cancer panel interrogating 1850 hotspots in 22 genes using the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine. First, we used commercial reference standards that carry mutations at defined allelic frequency (AF). Then, 51 colorectal adenocarcinomas (CRC) and 39 non small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) were retrospectively analyzed. Results Sensitivity and accuracy for detecting variants at an AF >4% was 100% for commercial reference standards. Among the 90 cases, 89 (98.9%) were successfully sequenced. Among the 86 samples for which NGS and the reference test were both informative, 83 showed concordant results between NGS and the reference test; i.e. KRAS and BRAF for CRC and EGFR for NSCLC, with the 3 discordant cases each characterized by an AF <10%. Conclusions Overall, the AmpliSeq colon/lung cancer panel was specific and sensitive for mutation analysis of gene panels and can be incorporated into clinical daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky D’Haene
- Department of Pathology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie Le Mercier
- Department of Pathology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nancy De Nève
- Department of Pathology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Oriane Blanchard
- Department of Pathology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mélanie Delaunoy
- Department of Genetics, Erasme Hospital,Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hakim El Housni
- Department of Genetics, Erasme Hospital,Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Barbara Dessars
- Department of Genetics, Erasme Hospital,Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Heimann
- Department of Genetics, Erasme Hospital,Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Myriam Remmelink
- Department of Pathology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pieter Demetter
- Department of Pathology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sabine Tejpar
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Salmon
- Department of Pathology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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28
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Dorr C, Janik C, Weg M, Been RA, Bader J, Kang R, Ng B, Foran L, Landman SR, O'Sullivan MG, Steinbach M, Sarver AL, Silverstein KAT, Largaespada DA, Starr TK. Transposon Mutagenesis Screen Identifies Potential Lung Cancer Drivers and CUL3 as a Tumor Suppressor. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:1238-47. [PMID: 25995385 PMCID: PMC4543426 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0674-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) harbor thousands of passenger events that hide genetic drivers. Even highly recurrent events in NSCLC, such as mutations in PTEN, EGFR, KRAS, and ALK, are detected, at most, in only 30% of patients. Thus, many unidentified low-penetrant events are causing a significant portion of lung cancers. To detect low-penetrance drivers of NSCLC, a forward genetic screen was performed in mice using the Sleeping Beauty (SB) DNA transposon as a random mutagen to generate lung tumors in a Pten-deficient background. SB mutations coupled with Pten deficiency were sufficient to produce lung tumors in 29% of mice. Pten deficiency alone, without SB mutations, resulted in lung tumors in 11% of mice, whereas the rate in control mice was approximately 3%. In addition, thyroid cancer and other carcinomas, as well as the presence of bronchiolar and alveolar epithelialization, in mice deficient for Pten were also identified. Analysis of common transposon insertion sites identified 76 candidate cancer driver genes. These genes are frequently dysregulated in human lung cancers and implicate several signaling pathways. Cullin3 (Cul3), a member of a ubiquitin ligase complex that plays a role in the oxidative stress response pathway, was identified in the screen and evidence demonstrates that Cul3 functions as a tumor suppressor. IMPLICATIONS This study identifies many novel candidate genetic drivers of lung cancer and demonstrates that CUL3 acts as a tumor suppressor by regulating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Dorr
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Callie Janik
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Madison Weg
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Raha A Been
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Department of Comparative and Molecular Biosciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Justin Bader
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ryan Kang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Brandon Ng
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Lindsey Foran
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sean R Landman
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - M Gerard O'Sullivan
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota. Comparative Pathology Shared Resource, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Michael Steinbach
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Aaron L Sarver
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - David A Largaespada
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Department of Genetic, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Timothy K Starr
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Department of Genetic, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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29
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Arcaro A. Targeted therapies for small cell lung cancer: Where do we stand? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 95:154-64. [PMID: 25800975 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for 15% of lung cancer cases and is associated with a dismal prognosis. Standard therapeutic regimens have been improved over the past decades, but without a major impact on patient survival. The development of targeted therapies based on a better understanding of the molecular basis of the disease is urgently needed. At the genetic level, SCLC appears very heterogenous, although somatic mutations targeting classical oncogenes and tumor suppressors have been reported. SCLC also possesses somatic mutations in many other cancer genes, including transcription factors, enzymes involved in chromatin modification, receptor tyrosine kinases and their downstream signaling components. Several avenues have been explored to develop targeted therapies for SCLC. So far, however, there has been limited success with these targeted approaches in clinical trials. Further progress in the optimization of targeted therapies for SCLC will require the development of more personalized approaches for the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Arcaro
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
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30
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Cardnell RJG, Byers LA. Proteomic markers of DNA repair and PI3K pathway activation predict response to the PARP inhibitor BMN 673 in small cell lung cancer--response. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:2237. [PMID: 24687924 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-3391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J G Cardnell
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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