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Papp O, Jordán V, Hetey S, Balázs R, Kaszás V, Bartha Á, Ordasi NN, Kamp S, Farkas B, Mettetal J, Dry JR, Young D, Sidders B, Bulusu KC, Veres DV. Network-driven cancer cell avatars for combination discovery and biomarker identification for DNA damage response inhibitors. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2024; 10:68. [PMID: 38906870 PMCID: PMC11192759 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-024-00394-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Combination therapy is well established as a key intervention strategy for cancer treatment, with the potential to overcome monotherapy resistance and deliver a more durable efficacy. However, given the scale of unexplored potential target space and the resulting combinatorial explosion, identifying efficacious drug combinations is a critical unmet need that is still evolving. In this paper, we demonstrate a network biology-driven, simulation-based solution, the Simulated Cell™. Integration of omics data with a curated signaling network enables the accurate and interpretable prediction of 66,348 combination-cell line pairs obtained from a large-scale combinatorial drug sensitivity screen of 684 combinations across 97 cancer cell lines (BAC = 0.62, AUC = 0.7). We highlight drug combination pairs that interact with DNA Damage Response pathways and are predicted to be synergistic, and deep network insight to identify biomarkers driving combination synergy. We demonstrate that the cancer cell 'avatars' capture the biological complexity of their in vitro counterparts, enabling the identification of pathway-level mechanisms of combination benefit to guide clinical translatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Papp
- Turbine Simulated Cell Technologies, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Róbert Balázs
- Turbine Simulated Cell Technologies, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Valér Kaszás
- Turbine Simulated Cell Technologies, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Árpád Bartha
- Turbine Simulated Cell Technologies, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra N Ordasi
- Turbine Simulated Cell Technologies, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Bálint Farkas
- Turbine Simulated Cell Technologies, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jay Mettetal
- Oncology Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan R Dry
- Early Data Science, Oncology Data Science, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Duncan Young
- Search and Evaluation, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ben Sidders
- Early Data Science, Oncology Data Science, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Krishna C Bulusu
- Early Data Science, Oncology Data Science, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
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2
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Mamar H, Fajka-Boja R, Mórocz M, Jurado EP, Zentout S, Mihuţ A, Kopasz AG, Mérey M, Smith R, Sharma AB, Lakin ND, Bowman AJ, Haracska L, Huet S, Timinszky G. The loss of DNA polymerase epsilon accessory subunits POLE3-POLE4 leads to BRCA1-independent PARP inhibitor sensitivity. Nucleic Acids Res 2024:gkae439. [PMID: 38828775 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The clinical success of PARP1/2 inhibitors (PARPi) prompts the expansion of their applicability beyond homologous recombination deficiency. Here, we demonstrate that the loss of the accessory subunits of DNA polymerase epsilon, POLE3 and POLE4, sensitizes cells to PARPi. We show that the sensitivity of POLE4 knockouts is not due to compromised response to DNA damage or homologous recombination deficiency. Instead, POLE4 loss affects replication speed leading to the accumulation of single-stranded DNA gaps behind replication forks upon PARPi treatment, due to impaired post-replicative repair. POLE4 knockouts elicit elevated replication stress signaling involving ATR and DNA-PK. We find POLE4 to act parallel to BRCA1 in inducing sensitivity to PARPi and counteracts acquired resistance associated with restoration of homologous recombination. Altogether, our findings establish POLE4 as a promising target to improve PARPi driven therapies and hamper acquired PARPi resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Mamar
- Laboratory of DNA Damage and Nuclear Dynamics, Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6276 Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Roberta Fajka-Boja
- Laboratory of DNA Damage and Nuclear Dynamics, Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6276 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Immunology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mónika Mórocz
- HCEMM-BRC Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6276 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eva Pinto Jurado
- Laboratory of DNA Damage and Nuclear Dynamics, Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6276 Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Multidisciplinary Medical Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, BIOSITUMS 3480 Rennes, France
| | - Siham Zentout
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, BIOSITUMS 3480 Rennes, France
| | - Alexandra Mihuţ
- Laboratory of DNA Damage and Nuclear Dynamics, Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6276 Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Multidisciplinary Medical Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anna Georgina Kopasz
- Laboratory of DNA Damage and Nuclear Dynamics, Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6276 Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Multidisciplinary Medical Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mihály Mérey
- Laboratory of DNA Damage and Nuclear Dynamics, Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6276 Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Multidisciplinary Medical Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rebecca Smith
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, BIOSITUMS 3480 Rennes, France
| | | | - Nicholas D Lakin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew James Bowman
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UK
| | - Lajos Haracska
- HCEMM-BRC Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6276 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sébastien Huet
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, BIOSITUMS 3480 Rennes, France
| | - Gyula Timinszky
- Laboratory of DNA Damage and Nuclear Dynamics, Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6276 Szeged, Hungary
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3
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Bulanova D, Akimov Y, Senkowski W, Oikkonen J, Gall-Mas L, Timonen S, Elmadani M, Hynninen J, Hautaniemi S, Aittokallio T, Wennerberg K. A synthetic lethal dependency on casein kinase 2 in response to replication-perturbing therapeutics in RB1-deficient cancer cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj1564. [PMID: 38781347 PMCID: PMC11114247 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj1564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Resistance to therapy commonly develops in patients with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), urging the search for improved therapeutic combinations and their predictive biomarkers. Starting from a CRISPR knockout screen, we identified that loss of RB1 in TNBC or HGSC cells generates a synthetic lethal dependency on casein kinase 2 (CK2) for surviving the treatment with replication-perturbing therapeutics such as carboplatin, gemcitabine, or PARP inhibitors. CK2 inhibition in RB1-deficient cells resulted in the degradation of another RB family cell cycle regulator, p130, which led to S phase accumulation, micronuclei formation, and accelerated PARP inhibition-induced aneuploidy and mitotic cell death. CK2 inhibition was also effective in primary patient-derived cells. It selectively prevented the regrowth of RB1-deficient patient HGSC organoids after treatment with carboplatin or niraparib. As about 25% of HGSCs and 40% of TNBCs have lost RB1 expression, CK2 inhibition is a promising approach to overcome resistance to standard therapeutics in large strata of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Bulanova
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute for Life Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yevhen Akimov
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute for Life Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wojciech Senkowski
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jaana Oikkonen
- Research Program in Systems Oncology (ONCOSYS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Gall-Mas
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sanna Timonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute for Life Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Johanna Hynninen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sampsa Hautaniemi
- Research Program in Systems Oncology (ONCOSYS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute for Life Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cancer Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology (OCBE), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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4
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Dyshlovoy SA, Mansour WY, Ramm NA, Hauschild J, Zhidkov ME, Kriegs M, Zielinski A, Hoffer K, Busenbender T, Glumakova KA, Spirin PV, Prassolov VS, Tilki D, Graefen M, Bokemeyer C, von Amsberg G. Synthesis and new DNA targeting activity of 6- and 7-tert-butylfascaplysins. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11788. [PMID: 38783016 PMCID: PMC11116464 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62358-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fascaplysin is a red cytotoxic pigment with anticancer properties isolated from the marine sponge Fascaplysinopsis sp. Recently, structure-activity relationship analysis reported by our group suggested that selective cytotoxicity of fascaplysin derivatives towards tumor cells negatively correlates with their ability to intercalate into DNA. To validate this hypothesis, we synthesized 6- and 7-tert-butylfascaplysins which reveal mitigated DNA-intercalating properties. These derivatives were found to be strongly cytotoxic to drug-resistant human prostate cancer cells, albeit did not demonstrate improved selectivity towards cancer cells when compared to fascaplysin. At the same time, kinome analysis suggested an activation of CHK1/ATR axis in cancer cells shortly after the drug exposure. Further experiments revealed induction of replication stress that is eventually converted to the toxic DNA double-strand breaks, resulting in caspase-independent apoptosis-like cell death. Our observations highlight new DNA-targeting effect of some fascaplysin derivatives and indicate more complex structure-activity relationships within the fascaplysin family, suggesting that cytotoxicity and selectivity of these alkaloids are influenced by multiple factors. Furthermore, combination with clinically-approved inhibitors of ATR/CHK1 as well as testing in tumors particularly sensitive to the DNA damage should be considered in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A Dyshlovoy
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation With Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Wael Y Mansour
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natalia A Ramm
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, Far Eastern Federal University, FEFU Campus, Ajax Bay 10, 690922, Vladivostok, Russky Island, Russian Federation
| | - Jessica Hauschild
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation With Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maxim E Zhidkov
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, Far Eastern Federal University, FEFU Campus, Ajax Bay 10, 690922, Vladivostok, Russky Island, Russian Federation
| | - Malte Kriegs
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- UCCH Kinomics Core Facility, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Zielinski
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Hoffer
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- UCCH Kinomics Core Facility, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Busenbender
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation With Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ksenia A Glumakova
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel V Spirin
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir S Prassolov
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Derya Tilki
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Urology, Koc University Hospital, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey
- Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation With Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gunhild von Amsberg
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation With Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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Zhou Y, Tao L, Qiu J, Xu J, Yang X, Zhang Y, Tian X, Guan X, Cen X, Zhao Y. Tumor biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:132. [PMID: 38763973 PMCID: PMC11102923 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor biomarkers, the substances which are produced by tumors or the body's responses to tumors during tumorigenesis and progression, have been demonstrated to possess critical and encouraging value in screening and early diagnosis, prognosis prediction, recurrence detection, and therapeutic efficacy monitoring of cancers. Over the past decades, continuous progress has been made in exploring and discovering novel, sensitive, specific, and accurate tumor biomarkers, which has significantly promoted personalized medicine and improved the outcomes of cancer patients, especially advances in molecular biology technologies developed for the detection of tumor biomarkers. Herein, we summarize the discovery and development of tumor biomarkers, including the history of tumor biomarkers, the conventional and innovative technologies used for biomarker discovery and detection, the classification of tumor biomarkers based on tissue origins, and the application of tumor biomarkers in clinical cancer management. In particular, we highlight the recent advancements in biomarker-based anticancer-targeted therapies which are emerging as breakthroughs and promising cancer therapeutic strategies. We also discuss limitations and challenges that need to be addressed and provide insights and perspectives to turn challenges into opportunities in this field. Collectively, the discovery and application of multiple tumor biomarkers emphasized in this review may provide guidance on improved precision medicine, broaden horizons in future research directions, and expedite the clinical classification of cancer patients according to their molecular biomarkers rather than organs of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiahao Qiu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Medicine, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Xinyu Tian
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinqi Guan
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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6
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Kim DY, Yun H, You JE, Lee JU, Kang DH, Ryu YS, Koh DI, Jin DH. Inactivation of VRK1 sensitizes ovarian cancer to PARP inhibition through regulating DNA-PK stability. Exp Cell Res 2024; 438:114036. [PMID: 38614421 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of gynecologic cancer death. Among the most innovative anti-cancer approaches, the genetic concept of synthetic lethality is that mutations in multiple genes work synergistically to effect cell death. Previous studies found that although vaccinia-related kinase-1 (VRK1) associates with DNA damage repair proteins, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we found high VRK1 expression in ovarian tumors, and that VRK1 depletion can significantly promote apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The effect of VRK1 knockdown on apoptosis was manifested by increased DNA damage, genomic instability, and apoptosis, and also blocked non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) by destabilizing DNA-PK. Further, we verified that VRK1 depletion enhanced sensitivity to a PARP inhibitor (PARPi), olaparib, promoting apoptosis through DNA damage, especially in ovarian cancer cell lines with high VRK1 expression. Proteins implicated in DNA damage responses are suitable targets for the development of new anti-cancer therapeutic strategies, and their combination could represent an alternative form of synthetic lethality. Therefore, normal protective DNA damage responses are impaired by combining olaparib with elimination of VRK1 and could be used to reduce drug dose and its associated toxicity. In summary, VRK1 represents both a potential biomarker for PARPi sensitivity, and a new DDR-associated therapeutic target, in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Yeon Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeseon Yun
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun You
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-U Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Kang
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea Seong Ryu
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-In Koh
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Jin
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Pusch FF, Dorado García H, Xu R, Gürgen D, Bei Y, Brückner L, Röefzaad C, von Stebut J, Bardinet V, Chamorro Gonzalez R, Eggert A, Schulte JH, Hundsdörfer P, Seifert G, Haase K, Schäfer BW, Wachtel M, Kühl AA, Ortiz MV, Wengner AM, Scheer M, Henssen AG. Elimusertib has Antitumor Activity in Preclinical Patient-Derived Pediatric Solid Tumor Models. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:507-519. [PMID: 38159110 PMCID: PMC10985474 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The small-molecule inhibitor of ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR), elimusertib, is currently being tested clinically in various cancer entities in adults and children. Its preclinical antitumor activity in pediatric malignancies, however, is largely unknown. We here assessed the preclinical activity of elimusertib in 38 cell lines and 32 patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models derived from common pediatric solid tumor entities. Detailed in vitro and in vivo molecular characterization of the treated models enabled the evaluation of response biomarkers. Pronounced objective response rates were observed for elimusertib monotherapy in PDX, when treated with a regimen currently used in clinical trials. Strikingly, elimusertib showed stronger antitumor effects than some standard-of-care chemotherapies, particularly in alveolar rhabdomysarcoma PDX. Thus, elimusertib has strong preclinical antitumor activity in pediatric solid tumor models, which may translate to clinically meaningful responses in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian F. Pusch
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heathcliff Dorado García
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robin Xu
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dennis Gürgen
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology (EPO), Berlin, Germany
| | - Yi Bei
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lotte Brückner
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (BIMSB/BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Röefzaad
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jennifer von Stebut
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor Bardinet
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rocío Chamorro Gonzalez
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angelika Eggert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes H. Schulte
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Hundsdörfer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Helios Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Seifert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Haase
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Anja A. Kühl
- iPATH.Berlin—Core Unit Immunopathology for Experimental Models, Charité Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael V. Ortiz
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York
| | | | - Monika Scheer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anton G. Henssen
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (BIMSB/BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Ngoi NYL, Pilié PG, McGrail DJ, Zimmermann M, Schlacher K, Yap TA. Targeting ATR in patients with cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:278-293. [PMID: 38378898 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-024-00863-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Pharmacological inhibition of the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein serine/threonine kinase (ATR; also known as FRAP-related protein (FRP1)) has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment that exploits synthetic lethal interactions with proteins involved in DNA damage repair, overcomes resistance to other therapies and enhances antitumour immunity. Multiple novel, potent ATR inhibitors are being tested in clinical trials using biomarker-directed approaches and involving patients across a broad range of solid cancer types; some of these inhibitors have now entered phase III trials. Further insight into the complex interactions of ATR with other DNA replication stress response pathway components and with the immune system is necessary in order to optimally harness the potential of ATR inhibitors in the clinic and achieve hypomorphic targeting of the various ATR functions. Furthermore, a deeper understanding of the diverse range of predictive biomarkers of response to ATR inhibitors and of the intraclass differences between these agents could help to refine trial design and patient selection strategies. Key challenges that remain in the clinical development of ATR inhibitors include the optimization of their therapeutic index and the development of rational combinations with these agents. In this Review, we detail the molecular mechanisms regulated by ATR and their clinical relevance, and discuss the challenges that must be addressed to extend the benefit of ATR inhibitors to a broad population of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Y L Ngoi
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Patrick G Pilié
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel J McGrail
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Katharina Schlacher
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Timothy A Yap
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Therapeutics Discovery Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Khalifa Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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9
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Giudice E, Huang TT, Nair JR, Zurcher G, McCoy A, Nousome D, Radke MR, Swisher EM, Lipkowitz S, Ibanez K, Donohue D, Malys T, Lee MJ, Redd B, Levy E, Rastogi S, Sato N, Trepel JB, Lee JM. The CHK1 inhibitor prexasertib in BRCA wild-type platinum-resistant recurrent high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma: a phase 2 trial. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2805. [PMID: 38555285 PMCID: PMC10981752 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47215-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The multi-cohort phase 2 trial NCT02203513 was designed to evaluate the clinical activity of the CHK1 inhibitor (CHK1i) prexasertib in patients with breast or ovarian cancer. Here we report the activity of CHK1i in platinum-resistant high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) with measurable and biopsiable disease (cohort 5), or without biopsiable disease (cohort 6). The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR). Secondary outcomes were safety and progression-free survival (PFS). 49 heavily pretreated patients were enrolled (24 in cohort 5, 25 in cohort 6). Among the 39 RECISTv1.1-evaluable patients, ORR was 33.3% in cohort 5 and 28.6% in cohort 6. Primary endpoint was not evaluable due to early stop of the trial. The median PFS was 4 months in cohort 5 and 6 months in cohort 6. Toxicity was manageable. Translational research was an exploratory endpoint. Potential biomarkers were investigated using pre-treatment fresh biopsies and serial blood samples. Transcriptomic analysis revealed high levels of DNA replication-related genes (POLA1, POLE, GINS3) associated with lack of clinical benefit [defined post-hoc as PFS < 6 months]. Subsequent preclinical experiments demonstrated significant cytotoxicity of POLA1 silencing in combination with CHK1i in platinum-resistant HGSOC cell line models. Therefore, POLA1 expression may be predictive for CHK1i resistance, and the concurrent POLA1 inhibition may improve the efficacy of CHK1i monotherapy in this hard-to-treat population, deserving further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Giudice
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Tzu-Ting Huang
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jayakumar R Nair
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Grant Zurcher
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ann McCoy
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Darryl Nousome
- Center for Cancer Research Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Marc R Radke
- Department of Ob/Gyn, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | | | - Stanley Lipkowitz
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kristen Ibanez
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Duncan Donohue
- Statistical Consulting and Scientific Programming Group, Computer and Statistical Services, Data Management Services, Inc. (a BRMI company), NCI, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Tyler Malys
- Statistical Consulting and Scientific Programming Group, Computer and Statistical Services, Data Management Services, Inc. (a BRMI company), NCI, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Min-Jung Lee
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Bernadette Redd
- Clinical Image Processing Service, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Elliot Levy
- Interventional Radiology, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Shraddha Rastogi
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nahoko Sato
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jane B Trepel
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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10
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Mihanfar A, Asghari F, Majidinia M. Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) inhibition by VE-822 potently reversed 5-flourouracil resistance in colorectal cancer cells through targeting DNA damage response. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:474. [PMID: 38553623 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09431-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND VE-822 is a novel inhibitor of ATR, a key kinase involved in the DNA damage response pathway. The role of ATR inhibition in reversing drug resistance in various cancer types has been investigated. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of ATR inhibition by VE-822 on reversing 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance in colorectal cancer cell line (Caco-2). METHODS Caco-2 and 5-FU resistance Caco-2 (Caco-2/5-FU) cells were treated with 5-FU and VE-822, alone and in combination. Cell proliferation and viability were assessed by MTT assay and Trypan Blue staining. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) activities were measured by Rhodamine123 accumulation and uptake assay. The mRNA levels of P-gp, MRP-1, ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) and checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) were measured by qRT-PCR. Western blot was used to measure the protein levels of P-gp, MRP-1, γ-H2AX, ATR and CHK1 in cells. 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) levels were determined via ELISA. Apoptosis was evaluated by ELISA death assay, DAPI staining and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. RESULTS The Caco-2/5-FU cells showed lower levels of 5-FU mediated proliferation inhibition in comparison to Caco-2 cells. VE-822 decreased the IC50 value of 5-FU on resistant cells. In addition, the expression levels and activity of P-gp and MRP-1 were significantly decreased in resistant cells treated with VE-822 (P < 0.05). The combination of 5-FU and VE-822 increased apoptosis in Caco-2/5-FU cells by downregulating CHK1 and ATR and upregulating γ-H2AX and 8-oxo-dG. CONCLUSION The simultaneous treatment of resistant colorectal cancer cells with 5-FU and ATR inhibitor, VE-822, was demonstrated to be effective in reversing drug resistance and potentiating 5-FU mediated anticancer effects via targeting DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainaz Mihanfar
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Faezeh Asghari
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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11
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Huang TT, Chiang CY, Nair JR, Wilson KM, Cheng K, Lee JM. AKT1 interacts with DHX9 to Mitigate R Loop-Induced Replication Stress in Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Res 2024; 84:887-904. [PMID: 38241710 PMCID: PMC10947874 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-1908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
PARP inhibitor (PARPi)-resistant BRCA-mutant (BRCAm) high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) represents a new clinical challenge with unmet therapeutic needs. Here, we performed a quantitative high-throughput drug combination screen that identified the combination of an ATR inhibitor (ATRi) and an AKT inhibitor (AKTi) as an effective treatment strategy for both PARPi-sensitive and PARPi-resistant BRCAm HGSOC. The ATRi and AKTi combination induced DNA damage and R loop-mediated replication stress (RS). Mechanistically, the kinase domain of AKT1 directly interacted with DHX9 and facilitated recruitment of DHX9 to R loops. AKTi increased ATRi-induced R loop-mediated RS by mitigating recruitment of DHX9 to R loops. Moreover, DHX9 was upregulated in tumors from patients with PARPi-resistant BRCAm HGSOC, and high coexpression of DHX9 and AKT1 correlated with worse survival. Together, this study reveals an interaction between AKT1 and DHX9 that facilitates R loop resolution and identifies combining ATRi and AKTi as a rational treatment strategy for BRCAm HGSOC irrespective of PARPi resistance status. SIGNIFICANCE Inhibition of the AKT and ATR pathways cooperatively induces R loop-associated replication stress in high-grade serous ovarian cancer, providing rationale to support the clinical development of AKT and ATR inhibitor combinations. See related commentary by Ramanarayanan and Oberdoerffer, p. 793.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ting Huang
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chih-Yuan Chiang
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jayakumar R. Nair
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kelli M. Wilson
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Ken Cheng
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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12
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Black WC, Abdoli A, An X, Auger A, Beaulieu P, Bernatchez M, Caron C, Chefson A, Crane S, Diallo M, Dorich S, Fader LD, Ferraro GB, Fournier S, Gao Q, Ginzburg Y, Hamel M, Han Y, Jones P, Lanoix S, Lacbay CM, Leclaire ME, Levy M, Mamane Y, Mulani A, Papp R, Pellerin C, Picard A, Skeldon A, Skorey K, Stocco R, St-Onge M, Truchon JF, Truong VL, Zimmermann M, Zinda M, Roulston A. Discovery of the Potent and Selective ATR Inhibitor Camonsertib (RP-3500). J Med Chem 2024; 67:2349-2368. [PMID: 38299539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
ATR is a key kinase in the DNA-damage response (DDR) that is synthetic lethal with several other DDR proteins, making it an attractive target for the treatment of genetically selected solid tumors. Herein we describe the discovery of a novel ATR inhibitor guided by a pharmacophore model to position a key hydrogen bond. Optimization was driven by potency and selectivity over the related kinase mTOR, resulting in the identification of camonsertib (RP-3500) with high potency and excellent ADME properties. Preclinical evaluation focused on the impact of camonsertib on myelosuppression, and an exploration of intermittent dosing schedules to allow recovery of the erythroid compartment and mitigate anemia. Camonsertib is currently undergoing clinical evaluation both as a single agent and in combination with talazoparib, olaparib, niraparib, lunresertib, or gemcitabine (NCT04497116, NCT04972110, NCT04855656). A preliminary recommended phase 2 dose for monotherapy was identified as 160 mg QD given 3 days/week.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Cameron Black
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Abbas Abdoli
- Nuchem Sciences, Inc., 2350 Rue Cohen, Suite 201, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4R 2N6, Canada
| | - Xiuli An
- New York Blood Center Enterprises, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Anick Auger
- Ventus Therapeutics, Inc., 7150 Frederick-Banting, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 2A1, Canada
| | | | | | - Cathy Caron
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Amandine Chefson
- Ventus Therapeutics, Inc., 7150 Frederick-Banting, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 2A1, Canada
| | - Sheldon Crane
- Nuchem Sciences, Inc., 2350 Rue Cohen, Suite 201, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4R 2N6, Canada
| | - Mohamed Diallo
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Stéphane Dorich
- Ventus Therapeutics, Inc., 7150 Frederick-Banting, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 2A1, Canada
| | - Lee D Fader
- Ventus Therapeutics, Inc., 7150 Frederick-Banting, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 2A1, Canada
| | - Gino B Ferraro
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Sara Fournier
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Qi Gao
- J-Star Research, Inc., 3001 Hadley Road, Suites 1-5A, South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, United States
| | - Yelena Ginzburg
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Martine Hamel
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Yongshuai Han
- New York Blood Center Enterprises, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Paul Jones
- Nuchem Sciences, Inc., 2350 Rue Cohen, Suite 201, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4R 2N6, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Lanoix
- Nuchem Sciences, Inc., 2350 Rue Cohen, Suite 201, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4R 2N6, Canada
| | - Cyrus M Lacbay
- Nuchem Sciences, Inc., 2350 Rue Cohen, Suite 201, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4R 2N6, Canada
| | - Marie-Eve Leclaire
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Maayan Levy
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Yael Mamane
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Amina Mulani
- Nuchem Sciences, Inc., 2350 Rue Cohen, Suite 201, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4R 2N6, Canada
| | - Robert Papp
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Charles Pellerin
- Ventus Therapeutics, Inc., 7150 Frederick-Banting, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 2A1, Canada
| | - Audrey Picard
- Ventus Therapeutics, Inc., 7150 Frederick-Banting, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 2A1, Canada
| | - Alexander Skeldon
- Ventus Therapeutics, Inc., 7150 Frederick-Banting, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 2A1, Canada
| | - Kathryn Skorey
- Nuchem Sciences, Inc., 2350 Rue Cohen, Suite 201, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4R 2N6, Canada
| | - Rino Stocco
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Miguel St-Onge
- Ventus Therapeutics, Inc., 7150 Frederick-Banting, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 2A1, Canada
| | - Jean-François Truchon
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Vouy Linh Truong
- Nuchem Sciences, Inc., 2350 Rue Cohen, Suite 201, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4R 2N6, Canada
| | - Michal Zimmermann
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Michael Zinda
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Anne Roulston
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
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13
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Xu H, George E, Gallo D, Medvedev S, Wang X, Kryczka R, Hyer ML, Fourtounis J, Stocco R, Aguado-Fraile E, Petrone A, Yin SY, Shiwram A, Anderson M, Kim H, Liu F, Marshall CG, Simpkins F. Targeting CCNE1 amplified ovarian and endometrial cancers by combined inhibition of PKMYT1 and ATR. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3854682. [PMID: 38410486 PMCID: PMC10896384 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3854682/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancers (OVCAs) and endometrial cancers (EMCAs) with CCNE1-amplification are often resistant to standard of care treatment and represent an unmet clinical need. Previously, synthetic-lethal screening identified loss of the CDK1 regulator, PKMYT1, as synthetically lethal with CCNE1-amplification. We hypothesized that CCNE1-amplification associated replication stress will be more effectively targeted by combining the PKMYT1 inhibitor, lunresertib (RP-6306), with the ATR inhibitor, camonsertib (RP-3500/RG6526). Low dose combination RP-6306 with RP-3500 synergistically increased cytotoxicity more in CCNE1 amplified compared to non-amplified cells. Combination treatment produced durable antitumor activity and increased survival in CCNE1 amplified patient-derived and cell line-derived xenografts. Mechanistically, low doses of RP-6306 with RP-3500 increase CDK1 activation more so than monotherapy, triggering rapid and robust induction of premature mitosis, DNA damage and apoptosis in a CCNE1-dependent manner. These findings suggest that targeting CDK1 activity by combining RP-6306 with RP-3500 is a novel therapeutic approach to treat CCNE1-amplifed OVCAs and EMCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haineng Xu
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Erin George
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David Gallo
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Ville St-Laurent, QC, Canada
| | - Sergey Medvedev
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rosie Kryczka
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Ville St-Laurent, QC, Canada
| | | | - Jimmy Fourtounis
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Ville St-Laurent, QC, Canada
| | - Rino Stocco
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Ville St-Laurent, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Shou Yun Yin
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Ville St-Laurent, QC, Canada
| | - Ariya Shiwram
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Ville St-Laurent, QC, Canada
| | - Matthew Anderson
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hyoung Kim
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Fang Liu
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Fiona Simpkins
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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14
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Kanev PB, Atemin A, Stoynov S, Aleksandrov R. PARP1 roles in DNA repair and DNA replication: The basi(c)s of PARP inhibitor efficacy and resistance. Semin Oncol 2024; 51:2-18. [PMID: 37714792 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Genome integrity is under constant insult from endogenous and exogenous sources. In order to cope, eukaryotic cells have evolved an elaborate network of DNA repair that can deal with diverse lesion types and exhibits considerable functional redundancy. PARP1 is a major sensor of DNA breaks with established and putative roles in a number of pathways within the DNA repair network, including repair of single- and double-strand breaks as well as protection of the DNA replication fork. Importantly, PARP1 is the major target of small-molecule PARP inhibitors (PARPi), which are employed in the treatment of homologous recombination (HR)-deficient tumors, as the latter are particularly susceptible to the accumulation of DNA damage due to an inability to efficiently repair highly toxic double-strand DNA breaks. The clinical success of PARPi has fostered extensive research into PARP biology, which has shed light on the involvement of PARP1 in various genomic transactions. A major goal within the field has been to understand the relationship between catalytic inhibition and PARP1 trapping. The specific consequences of inhibition and trapping on genomic stability as a basis for the cytotoxicity of PARP inhibitors remain a matter of debate. Finally, PARP inhibition is increasingly recognized for its capacity to elicit/modulate anti-tumor immunity. The clinical potential of PARP inhibition is, however, hindered by the development of resistance. Hence, extensive efforts are invested in identifying factors that promote resistance or sensitize cells to PARPi. The current review provides a summary of advances in our understanding of PARP1 biology, the mechanistic nature, and molecular consequences of PARP inhibition, as well as the mechanisms that give rise to PARPi resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar-Bogomil Kanev
- Laboratory of Genomic Stability, Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Aleksandar Atemin
- Laboratory of Genomic Stability, Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stoyno Stoynov
- Laboratory of Genomic Stability, Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Radoslav Aleksandrov
- Laboratory of Genomic Stability, Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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15
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Lim PX, Zaman M, Feng W, Jasin M. BRCA2 promotes genomic integrity and therapy resistance primarily through its role in homology-directed repair. Mol Cell 2024; 84:447-462.e10. [PMID: 38244544 PMCID: PMC11188060 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Tumor suppressor BRCA2 functions in homology-directed repair (HDR), the protection of stalled replication forks, and the suppression of replicative gaps, but their relative contributions to genome integrity and chemotherapy response are under scrutiny. Here, we report that mouse and human cells require a RAD51 filament stabilization motif in BRCA2 for fork protection and gap suppression but not HDR. In mice, the loss of fork protection/gap suppression does not compromise genome stability or shorten tumor latency. By contrast, HDR deficiency increases spontaneous and replication stress-induced chromosome aberrations and tumor predisposition. Unlike with HDR, fork protection/gap suppression defects are also observed in Brca2 heterozygous cells, likely due to reduced RAD51 stabilization at stalled forks/gaps. Gaps arise from PRIMPOL activity, which is associated with 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine sensitivity due to the formation of SMUG1-generated abasic sites and is exacerbated by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition. However, HDR proficiency has the major role in mitigating sensitivity to chemotherapeutics, including PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Xin Lim
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mahdia Zaman
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Weiran Feng
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Maria Jasin
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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16
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Khamidullina AI, Abramenko YE, Bruter AV, Tatarskiy VV. Key Proteins of Replication Stress Response and Cell Cycle Control as Cancer Therapy Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1263. [PMID: 38279263 PMCID: PMC10816012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Replication stress (RS) is a characteristic state of cancer cells as they tend to exchange precision of replication for fast proliferation and increased genomic instability. To overcome the consequences of improper replication control, malignant cells frequently inactivate parts of their DNA damage response (DDR) pathways (the ATM-CHK2-p53 pathway), while relying on other pathways which help to maintain replication fork stability (ATR-CHK1). This creates a dependency on the remaining DDR pathways, vulnerability to further destabilization of replication and synthetic lethality of DDR inhibitors with common oncogenic alterations such as mutations of TP53, RB1, ATM, amplifications of MYC, CCNE1 and others. The response to RS is normally limited by coordination of cell cycle, transcription and replication. Inhibition of WEE1 and PKMYT1 kinases, which prevent unscheduled mitosis entry, leads to fragility of under-replicated sites. Recent evidence also shows that inhibition of Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), such as CDK4/6, CDK2, CDK8/19 and CDK12/13 can contribute to RS through disruption of DNA repair and replication control. Here, we review the main causes of RS in cancers as well as main therapeutic targets-ATR, CHK1, PARP and their inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvina I. Khamidullina
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncobiology, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (Y.E.A.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yaroslav E. Abramenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncobiology, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (Y.E.A.)
| | - Alexandra V. Bruter
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor V. Tatarskiy
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncobiology, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (Y.E.A.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
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17
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Ghosh M, Kang MS, Katuwal NB, Hong SD, Jeong YG, Park SM, Kim SG, Moon YW. PSPC1 Inhibition Synergizes with Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors in a Preclinical Model of BRCA-Mutated Breast/Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17086. [PMID: 38069409 PMCID: PMC10707354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are effective against BRCA1/2-mutated cancers through synthetic lethality. Unfortunately, most cases ultimately develop acquired resistance. Therefore, enhancing PARP inhibitor sensitivity and preventing resistance in those cells are an unmet clinical need. Here, we investigated the ability of paraspeckle component 1 (PSPC1), as an additional synthetic lethal partner with BRCA1/2, to enhance olaparib sensitivity in preclinical models of BRCA1/2-mutated breast and ovarian cancers. In vitro, the combined olaparib and PSPC1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) exhibited synergistic anti-proliferative activity in BRCA1/2-mutated breast and ovarian cancer cells. The combination therapy also demonstrated synergistic tumor inhibition in a xenograft mouse model. Mechanistically, olaparib monotherapy increased the expressions of p-ATM and DNA-PKcs, suggesting the activation of a DNA repair pathway, whereas combining PSPC1 siRNA with olaparib decreased the expressions of p-ATM and DNA-PKcs again. As such, the combination increased the formation of γH2AX foci, indicating stronger DNA double-strand breaks. Subsequently, these DNA-damaged cells escaped G2/M checkpoint activation, as indicated by the suppression of p-cdc25C (Ser216) and p-cdc2 (Tyr15) after combination treatment. Finally, these cells entered mitosis, which induced increased apoptosis. Thus, this proves that PSPC1 inhibition enhances olaparib sensitivity by targeting DNA damage response in our preclinical model. The combination of olaparib and PSPC1 inhibition merits further clinical investigation to enhance PARP inhibitor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sil Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Nar Bahadur Katuwal
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Sa Deok Hong
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Gyu Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Min Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Gi Kim
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Wha Moon
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Republic of Korea
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18
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Wei W, Shi F, Xu Y, Jiao Y, Zhang Y, Ou Q, Wu X, Yang L, Lai J. The enrichment of Fanconi anemia/homologous recombination pathway aberrations in ATM/ATR-mutated NSCLC was accompanied by unique molecular features and poor prognosis. J Transl Med 2023; 21:874. [PMID: 38041093 PMCID: PMC10690992 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04634-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ATM and ATR are two critical factors to regulate DNA damage response (DDR), and their mutations were frequently observed in different types of cancer, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Given that the majority of identified ATM/ATR mutations were variants of uncertain significance, the clinical/molecular features of pathogenic ATM/ATR aberrations have not been comprehensively investigated in NSCLC. METHODS Next-generation sequencing (NGS) analyses were conducted to investigate the molecular features in 191 NSCLC patients who harbored pathogenic/likely pathogenic ATM/ATR mutations and 308 NSCLC patients who did not have any types of ATM/ATR variants. The results were validated using an external cohort of 2727 NSCLC patients (including 48 with ATM/ATR pathogenic mutations). RESULTS Most pathogenic ATM/ATR genetic alterations were frameshift and nonsense mutations that disrupt critical domains of the two proteins. ATM/ATR-mutated patients had significantly higher tumor mutational burdens (TMB; P < 0.001) and microsatellite instabilities (MSI; P = 0.023), but not chromosomal instabilities, than those without any ATM/ATR variations. In particular, KRAS mutations were significantly enriched in ATM-mutated patients (P = 0.014), whereas BRCA2 mutations (P = 0.014), TP53 mutations (P = 0.014), and ZNF703 amplification (P = 0.008) were enriched in ATR-mutated patients. Notably, patients with ATM/ATR pathogenic genetic alterations were likely to be accompanied by mutations in Fanconi anemia (FA) and homologous recombination (HR) pathways, which were confirmed using both the study (P < 0.001) and validation (P < 0.001) cohorts. Furthermore, the co-occurrence of FA/HR aberrations could contribute to increased TMB and MSI, and patients with both ATM/ATR and FA/HR mutations tended to have worse overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated the unique clinical and molecular features of pathogenic ATM/ATR mutations in NSCLC, which helps better understand the cancerous involvement of these DDR regulators, as well as directing targeted therapies and/or immunotherapies to treat ATM/ATR-mutated NSCLC, especially those with co-existing FA/HR aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Fangfang Shi
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Geneseeq Research Institute, Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, 210032, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuxiang Ou
- Geneseeq Research Institute, Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, 210032, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Geneseeq Research Institute, Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, 210032, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingyi Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jinhuo Lai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350025, Fujian, China.
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19
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Du Y, Luo L, Xu X, Yang X, Yang X, Xiong S, Yu J, Liang T, Guo L. Unleashing the Power of Synthetic Lethality: Augmenting Treatment Efficacy through Synergistic Integration with Chemotherapy Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2433. [PMID: 37896193 PMCID: PMC10610204 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world, and chemotherapy is one of the main methods of cancer treatment. However, the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs has always been the main reason affecting the therapeutic effect. Synthetic lethality has emerged as a promising approach to augment the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy agents. Synthetic lethality (SL) refers to the specific cell death resulting from the simultaneous mutation of two non-lethal genes, which individually allow cell survival. This comprehensive review explores the classification of SL, screening methods, and research advancements in SL inhibitors, including Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) inhibitors, WEE1 G2 checkpoint kinase (WEE1) inhibitors, and protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) inhibitors. Emphasizing their combined use with chemotherapy drugs, we aim to unveil more effective treatment strategies for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (Y.D.); (L.L.); (X.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Lulu Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (Y.D.); (L.L.); (X.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xinru Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (Y.D.); (L.L.); (X.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xinbing Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (Y.D.); (L.L.); (X.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xueni Yang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Lab of Jiangsu Province, School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China; (X.Y.); (S.X.)
| | - Shizheng Xiong
- Department of Bioinformatics, Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Lab of Jiangsu Province, School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China; (X.Y.); (S.X.)
| | - Jiafeng Yu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China;
| | - Tingming Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (Y.D.); (L.L.); (X.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Bioinformatics, Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Lab of Jiangsu Province, School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China; (X.Y.); (S.X.)
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20
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Soung YH, Chung J. Combination Treatment Strategies to Overcome PARP Inhibitor Resistance. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1480. [PMID: 37892162 PMCID: PMC10604269 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes have been shown to be essential for DNA repair pathways, including homologous recombination repair (HRR). Cancers with HRR defects (e.g., BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations) are targets for PARP inhibitors (PARPis) based on the exploitation of "synthetic lethality". As a result, PARPis offer a promising treatment option for advanced ovarian and breast cancers with deficiencies in HRR. However, acquired resistance to PARPis has been reported for most tumors, and not all patients with BRCA1/2 mutations respond to PARPis. Therefore, the formulation of effective treatment strategies to overcome resistance to PARPis is urgently necessary. This review summarizes the molecular mechanism of therapeutic action and resistance to PARPis, in addition to emerging combination treatment options involving PARPis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Chung
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
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21
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Igarashi T, Mazevet M, Yasuhara T, Yano K, Mochizuki A, Nishino M, Yoshida T, Yoshida Y, Takamatsu N, Yoshimi A, Shiraishi K, Horinouchi H, Kohno T, Hamamoto R, Adachi J, Zou L, Shiotani B. An ATR-PrimPol pathway confers tolerance to oncogenic KRAS-induced and heterochromatin-associated replication stress. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4991. [PMID: 37591859 PMCID: PMC10435487 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40578-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the KRAS oncogene is a source of replication stress, but how this stress is generated and how it is tolerated by cancer cells remain poorly understood. Here we show that induction of KRASG12V expression in untransformed cells triggers H3K27me3 and HP1-associated chromatin compaction in an RNA transcription dependent manner, resulting in replication fork slowing and cell death. Furthermore, elevated ATR expression is necessary and sufficient for tolerance of KRASG12V-induced replication stress to expand replication stress-tolerant cells (RSTCs). PrimPol is phosphorylated at Ser255, a potential Chk1 substrate site, under KRASG12V-induced replication stress and promotes repriming to maintain fork progression and cell survival in an ATR/Chk1-dependent manner. However, ssDNA gaps are generated at heterochromatin by PrimPol-dependent repriming, leading to genomic instability. These results reveal a role of ATR-PrimPol in enabling precancerous cells to survive KRAS-induced replication stress and expand clonally with accumulation of genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Igarashi
- Laboratory of Genome Stress Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, Minami-ku, Sagamihara-city, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Marianne Mazevet
- Laboratory of Genome Stress Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takaaki Yasuhara
- Department of Late Effects Studies, Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kimiyoshi Yano
- Laboratory of Genome Stress Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Akifumi Mochizuki
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishino
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yoshida
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yoshida
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Takamatsu
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, Minami-ku, Sagamihara-city, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Akihide Yoshimi
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, Minami-ku, Sagamihara-city, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
- Division of Cancer RNA Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kouya Shiraishi
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Clinical Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hidehito Horinouchi
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Ryuji Hamamoto
- Division of Medical AI Research and Development, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Jun Adachi
- Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, Laboratory of Clinical and Analytical Chemistry, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki-city, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Lee Zou
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Bunsyo Shiotani
- Laboratory of Genome Stress Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
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22
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Wethington SL, Shah PD, Martin L, Tanyi JL, Latif N, Morgan M, Torigian DA, Rodriguez D, Smith SA, Dean E, Domchek SM, Drapkin R, Shih IM, Brown EJ, Hwang WT, Armstrong DK, Gaillard S, Giuntoli R, Simpkins F. Combination ATR (ceralasertib) and PARP (olaparib) Inhibitor (CAPRI) Trial in Acquired PARP Inhibitor-Resistant Homologous Recombination-Deficient Ovarian Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:2800-2807. [PMID: 37097611 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-2444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Addition of ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related kinase inhibitors (ATRi) to PARP inhibitors (PARPi) overcomes PARPi resistance in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) cell and mouse models. We present the results of an investigator-initiated study of combination PARPi (olaparib) and ATRi (ceralasertib) in patients with acquired PARPi-resistant HGSOC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligible patients had recurrent, platinum-sensitive BRCA1/2 mutated or homologous recombination (HR)-deficient (HRD) HGSOC and clinically benefited from PARPi (response by imaging/CA-125 or duration of maintenance therapy; > 12 months first-line or > 6 months ≥ second-line) before progression. No intervening chemotherapy was permitted. Patients received olaparib 300 mg twice daily and ceralasertib 160 mg daily on days 1 to 7 of a 28-day cycle. Primary objectives were safety and objective response rate (ORR). RESULTS Thirteen patients enrolled were evaluable for safety and 12 for efficacy; 62% (n = 8) had germline BRCA1/2 mutations, 23% (n = 3) somatic BRCA1/2 mutations, and 15% (n = 2) tumors with positive HRD assay. Prior PARPi indication was treatment for recurrence (54%, n = 7), second-line maintenance (38%, n = 5) and first-line treatment with carboplatin/paclitaxel (8%, n = 1). There were 6 partial responses yielding an ORR of 50% (95% confidence interval, 0.15-0.72). Median treatment duration was 8 cycles (range 4-23+). Grade (G) 3/4 toxicities were 38% (n = 5); 15% (n = 2) G3 anemia, 23% (n = 3) G3 thrombocytopenia, 8% (n = 1) G4 neutropenia. Four patients required dose reductions. No patient discontinued treatment due to toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Combination olaparib and ceralasertib is tolerable and shows activity in HR-deficient platinum-sensitive recurrent HGSOC that benefited and then progressed with PARPi as the penultimate regimen. These data suggest that ceralasertib resensitizes PARPi-resistant HGSOCs to olaparib, warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Wethington
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Payal D Shah
- Basser Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Medical Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lainie Martin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Janos L Tanyi
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nawar Latif
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark Morgan
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Drew A Torigian
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Diego Rodriguez
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Simon A Smith
- AstraZeneca, R&D Oncology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Dean
- AstraZeneca, R&D Oncology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Susan M Domchek
- Basser Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Medical Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Basser Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ie-Ming Shih
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eric J Brown
- Department of Cancer Biology and the Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Wei-Ting Hwang
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Deborah K Armstrong
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stephanie Gaillard
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert Giuntoli
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fiona Simpkins
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Rana M, Thakur A, Kaur C, Pan CH, Lee SB, Liou JP, Nepali K. Prudent tactics to sail the boat of PARP inhibitors as therapeutics for diverse malignancies. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023; 18:1169-1193. [PMID: 37525475 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2241818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION PARP inhibitors block the DNA-repairing mechanism of PARP and represent a promising class of anti-cancer therapy. The last decade has witnessed FDA approvals of several PARP inhibitors, with some undergoing advanced-stage clinical investigation. Medicinal chemists have invested much effort to expand the structure pool of PARP inhibitors. Issues associated with the use of PARP inhibitors that make their standing disconcerting in the pharmaceutical sector have been addressed via the design of new structural assemblages. AREA COVERED In this review, the authors present a detailed account of the medicinal chemistry campaigns conducted in the recent past for the construction of PARP1/PARP2 inhibitors, PARP1 biased inhibitors, and PARP targeting bifunctional inhibitors as well as PARP targeting degraders (PROTACs). Limitations associated with FDA-approved PARP inhibitors and strategies to outwit the limitations are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION The PARP inhibitory field has been rejuvenated with numerous tractable entries in the last decade. With numerous magic bullets in hand coupled with unfolded tactics to outwit the notoriety of cancer cells developing resistance toward PARP inhibitors, the dominance of PARP inhibitors as a sagacious option of targeted therapy is highly likely to be witnessed soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Rana
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Amandeep Thakur
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Charanjit Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Chun-Hsu Pan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical, University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Bau Lee
- Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical, University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Master Program in Clinical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical, University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kunal Nepali
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical, University, Taipei, Taiwan
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24
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Dey G, Bharti R, Braley C, Alluri R, Esakov E, Crean-Tate K, McCrae K, Joehlin-Price A, Rose PG, Lathia J, Gong Z, Reizes O. LCK facilitates DNA damage repair by stabilizing RAD51 and BRCA1 in the nucleus of chemoresistant ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:122. [PMID: 37370140 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01194-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly-ADP Ribose Polymerase (PARP) targeted therapy is clinically approved for the treatment of homologous recombination (HR) repair deficient tumors. The remarkable success of this therapy in the treatment of HR repair deficient cancers has not translated to HR-proficient cancers. Our studies identify the novel role of non-receptor lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK) in the regulation of HR repair in endometrioid epithelial ovarian cancer (eEOC) model. We show that DNA damage leads to direct interaction of LCK with the HR repair proteins RAD51 and BRCA1 in a kinase dependent manner RAD51 and BRCA1 stabilization. LCK expression is induced and activated in the nucleus in response to DNA damage insult. Disruption of LCK expression attenuates RAD51, BRCA1, and BRCA2 protein expression by hampering there stability and results in inhibition of HR-mediated DNA repair including suppression of RAD51 foci formation, and augmentation of γH2AX foci formation. In contrast LCK overexpression leads to increased RAD51 and BRCA1 expression with a concomitant increase in HR DNA damage repair. Importantly, attenuation of LCK sensitizes HR-proficient eEOC cells to PARP inhibitor in cells and pre-clinical mouse studies. Collectively, our findings identify a novel therapeutic strategy to expand the utility of PARP targeted therapy in HR proficient ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Dey
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Rashmi Bharti
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Chad Braley
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Ravi Alluri
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Emily Esakov
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Katie Crean-Tate
- Division of Gynecologic Cancer, Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Keith McCrae
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Peter G Rose
- Division of Gynecologic Cancer, Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Justin Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Zihua Gong
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ofer Reizes
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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25
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Gupta N, Huang TT, Nair JR, An D, Zurcher G, Lampert EJ, McCoy A, Cimino-Mathews A, Swisher EM, Radke MR, Lockwood CM, Reichel JB, Chiang CY, Wilson KM, Chih-Chien Cheng K, Nousome D, Lee JM. BLM overexpression as a predictive biomarker for CHK1 inhibitor response in PARP inhibitor-resistant BRCA-mutant ovarian cancer. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadd7872. [PMID: 37343085 PMCID: PMC10758289 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.add7872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) have changed the treatment paradigm in breast cancer gene (BRCA)-mutant high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC). However, most patients eventually develop resistance to PARPis, highlighting an unmet need for improved therapeutic strategies. Using high-throughput drug screens, we identified ataxia telangiectasia and rad3-related protein/checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) pathway inhibitors as cytotoxic and further validated the activity of the CHK1 inhibitor (CHK1i) prexasertib in PARPi-sensitive and -resistant BRCA-mutant HGSC cells and xenograft mouse models. CHK1i monotherapy induced DNA damage, apoptosis, and tumor size reduction. We then conducted a phase 2 study (NCT02203513) of prexasertib in patients with BRCA-mutant HGSC. The treatment was well tolerated but yielded an objective response rate of 6% (1 of 17; one partial response) in patients with previous PARPi treatment. Exploratory biomarker analyses revealed that replication stress and fork stabilization were associated with clinical benefit to CHK1i. In particular, overexpression of Bloom syndrome RecQ helicase (BLM) and cyclin E1 (CCNE1) overexpression or copy number gain/amplification were seen in patients who derived durable benefit from CHK1i. BRCA reversion mutation in previously PARPi-treated BRCA-mutant patients was not associated with resistance to CHK1i. Our findings suggest that replication fork-related genes should be further evaluated as biomarkers for CHK1i sensitivity in patients with BRCA-mutant HGSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitasha Gupta
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tzu-Ting Huang
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jayakumar R. Nair
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel An
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Grant Zurcher
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Erika J. Lampert
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ann McCoy
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ashley Cimino-Mathews
- Departments of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Swisher
- Brotman Baty Institute of Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Marc R. Radke
- Brotman Baty Institute of Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Christina M. Lockwood
- Brotman Baty Institute of Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jonathan B. Reichel
- Brotman Baty Institute of Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Chih-Yuan Chiang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kelli M. Wilson
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ken Chih-Chien Cheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Darryl Nousome
- Center for Cancer Research Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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26
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Keane F, O’Connor CA, Park W, Seufferlein T, O’Reilly EM. Pancreatic Cancer: BRCA Targeted Therapy and Beyond. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2955. [PMID: 37296917 PMCID: PMC10251879 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is projected to become the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the US by 2030, despite accounting for only 5% of all cancer diagnoses. Germline gBRCA1/2-mutated PDAC represents a key subgroup with a favorable prognosis, due at least in part to additional approved and guideline-endorsed therapeutic options compared with an unselected PDAC cohort. The relatively recent incorporation of PARP inhibition into the treatment paradigm for such patients has resulted in renewed optimism for a biomarker-based approach to the management of this disease. However, gBRCA1/2 represents a small subgroup of patients with PDAC, and efforts to extend the indication for PARPi beyond BRCA1/2 mutations to patients with PDAC and other genomic alterations associated with deficient DNA damage repair (DDR) are ongoing, with several clinical trials underway. In addition, despite an array of approved therapeutic options for patients with BRCA1/2-associated PDAC, both primary and acquired resistance to platinum-based chemotherapies and PARPi presents a significant challenge in improving long-term outcomes. Herein, we review the current treatment landscape of PDAC for patients with BRCA1/2 and other DDR gene mutations, experimental approaches under investigation or in development, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergus Keane
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (F.K.); (C.A.O.); (W.P.)
- David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Catherine A. O’Connor
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (F.K.); (C.A.O.); (W.P.)
- David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wungki Park
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (F.K.); (C.A.O.); (W.P.)
- David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Eileen M. O’Reilly
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (F.K.); (C.A.O.); (W.P.)
- David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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27
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Hockings H, Miller RE. The role of PARP inhibitor combination therapy in ovarian cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2023; 15:17588359231173183. [PMID: 37215065 PMCID: PMC10196552 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231173183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of PARP inhibitors (PARPi) has transformed the care of advanced high-grade serous/endometrioid ovarian cancer. PARPi are now available to patients in both the first-line and recurrent platinum-sensitive disease settings; therefore, most patients will receive PARPi at some point in their treatment pathway. The majority of this expanding population of patients eventually acquire resistance to PARPi, in addition to those with primary PARPi resistance. We discuss the rationale behind developing combination therapies, to work synergistically with PARPi and overcome mechanisms of resistance to restore drug sensitivity, and clinical evidence of their efficacy to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Hockings
- Department of Medical Oncology, St
Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, UK
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28
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Chien W, Tyner JW, Gery S, Zheng Y, Li LY, Gopinatha Pillai MS, Nam C, Bhowmick NA, Lin DC, Koeffler HP. Treatment for ovarian clear cell carcinoma with combined inhibition of WEE1 and ATR. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:80. [PMID: 37087441 PMCID: PMC10122390 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01160-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Standard platinum-based therapy for ovarian cancer is inefficient against ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC). OCCC is a distinct subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer. OCCC constitutes 25% of ovarian cancers in East Asia (Japan, Korea, China, Singapore) and 6-10% in Europe and North America. The cancer is characterized by frequent inactivation of ARID1A and 10% of cases of endometriosis progression to OCCC. The aim of this study was to identify drugs that are either FDA-approved or in clinical trials for the treatment of OCCC. RESULTS High throughput screening of 166 compounds that are either FDA-approved, in clinical trials or are in pre-clinical studies identified several cytotoxic compounds against OCCC. ARID1A knockdown cells were more sensitive to inhibitors of either mTOR (PP242), dual mTOR/PI3K (GDC0941), ATR (AZD6738) or MDM2 (RG7388) compared to control cells. Also, compounds targeting BH3 domain (AZD4320) and SRC (AZD0530) displayed preferential cytotoxicity against ARID1A mutant cell lines. In addition, WEE1 inhibitor (AZD1775) showed broad cytotoxicity toward OCCC cell lines, irrespective of ARID1A status. CONCLUSIONS In a selection of 166 compounds we showed that inhibitors of ATR and WEE1 were cytotoxic against a panel of OCCC cell lines. These two drugs are already in other clinical trials, making them ideal candidates for treatment of OCCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Chien
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| | - Jeffrey W Tyner
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Oregon Health and Science University, 2720 S.W. Moody Avenue, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Sigal Gery
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Yueyuan Zheng
- Clinical Big Data Research Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
| | - Li-Yan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Mohan Shankar Gopinatha Pillai
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Chehyun Nam
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Neil A Bhowmick
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - De-Chen Lin
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - H Phillip Koeffler
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Hospital, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
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29
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Biegała Ł, Gajek A, Marczak A, Rogalska A. Olaparib-Resistant BRCA2MUT Ovarian Cancer Cells with Restored BRCA2 Abrogate Olaparib-Induced DNA Damage and G2/M Arrest Controlled by the ATR/CHK1 Pathway for Survival. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071038. [PMID: 37048111 PMCID: PMC10093185 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The PARP inhibitor (PARPi) olaparib is currently the drug of choice for serous ovarian cancer (OC), especially in patients with homologous recombination (HR) repair deficiency associated with deleterious BRCA1/2 mutations. Unfortunately, OC patients who fail to respond to PARPi or relapse after treatment have limited therapeutic options. To elucidate olaparib resistance and enhance the efficacy of olaparib, intracellular factors exploited by OC cells to achieve decreased sensitivity to PARPi were examined. An olaparib-resistant OC cell line, PEO1-OR, was established from BRCA2MUT PEO1 cells. The anticancer activity and action of olaparib combined with inhibitors of the ATR/CHK1 pathway (ceralasertib as ATRi, MK-8776 as CHK1i) in olaparib-sensitive and -resistant OC cell lines were evaluated. Whole-exome sequencing revealed that PEO1-OR cells acquire resistance through subclonal enrichment of BRCA2 secondary mutations that restore functional full-length protein. Moreover, PEO1-OR cells upregulate HR repair-promoting factors (BRCA1, BRCA2, RAD51) and PARP1. Olaparib-inducible activation of the ATR/CHK1 pathway and G2/M arrest is abrogated in olaparib-resistant cells. Drug sensitivity assays revealed that PEO1-OR cells are less sensitive to ATRi and CHK1i agents. Combined treatment is less effective in olaparib-resistant cells considering inhibition of metabolic activity, colony formation, survival, accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks, and chromosomal aberrations. However, synergistic antitumor activity between compounds is achievable in PEO1-OR cells. Collectively, olaparib-resistant cells display co-existing HR repair-related mechanisms that confer resistance to olaparib, which may be effectively utilized to resensitize them to PARPi via combination therapy. Importantly, the addition of ATR/CHK1 pathway inhibitors to olaparib has the potential to overcome acquired resistance to PARPi.
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Chelerythrine, a novel small molecule targeting IL-2, inhibits melanoma progression by blocking the interaction between IL-2 and its receptor. Life Sci 2023; 320:121559. [PMID: 36893941 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In this study, we investigated the inhibition of IL-2 activity and anticancer efficacy of chelerythrine (CHE), a natural small molecule that targets IL-2 and inhibits CD25 binding, and elucidated the mechanism underlying the action of CHE on immune cells. MAIN METHODS CHE was discovered by competitive binding ELISA and SPR analysis. The effect of CHE on IL-2 activity was evaluated in CTLL-2, HEK-Blue reporter and immune cells, and in ex vivo generation of regulatory T cells (Treg cells). The antitumor activity of CHE was evaluated in B16F10 tumor-bearing C57BL/6 or BALB/c nude mice. KEY FINDINGS We identified that CHE, which acts as an IL-2 inhibitor, selectively inhibits the interaction between IL-2 and IL-2Rα and directly binds to IL-2. CHE inhibited the proliferation and signaling of CTLL-2 cells and suppressed IL-2 activity in HEK-Blue reporter and immune cells. CHE prevented the conversion of naive CD4+ T cells into CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells in response to IL-2. CHE reduced tumor growth in C57BL/6 mice but not in T-cell-deficient mice, upregulated the expression of IFN-γ and cytotoxic molecules, and limited Foxp3 expression. Furthermore, the combination of CHE and a PD-1 inhibitor synergistically increased antitumor activity in melanoma-bearing mice and almost completely regressed the implanted tumors. SIGNIFICANCE We found that CHE, which targets IL-2 and inhibits its binding to CD25, exhibits T cell-mediated antitumor activity and that combination therapy with CHE and PD-1 inhibitor induced synergistic antitumor effects, suggesting that CHE may be a promising anticancer agent for melanoma monotherapy and combination therapy.
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31
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Heyza JR, Ekinci E, Lindquist J, Lei W, Yunker C, Vinothkumar V, Rowbotham R, Polin L, Snider N, Van Buren E, Watza D, Back J, Chen W, Mamdani H, Schwartz A, Turchi J, Bepler G, Patrick S. ATR inhibition overcomes platinum tolerance associated with ERCC1- and p53-deficiency by inducing replication catastrophe. NAR Cancer 2023; 5:zcac045. [PMID: 36644397 PMCID: PMC9832712 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcac045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
ERCC1/XPF is a heterodimeric DNA endonuclease critical for repair of certain chemotherapeutic agents. We recently identified that ERCC1- and p53-deficient lung cancer cells are tolerant to platinum-based chemotherapy. ATR inhibition synergistically re-stored platinum sensitivity to platinum tolerant ERCC1-deficient cells. Mechanistically we show this effect is reliant upon several functions of ATR including replication fork protection and altered cell cycle checkpoints. Utilizing an inhibitor of replication protein A (RPA), we further demonstrate that replication fork protection and RPA availability are critical for platinum-based drug tolerance. Dual treatment led to increased formation of DNA double strand breaks and was associated with chromosome pulverization. Combination treatment was also associated with increased micronuclei formation which were capable of being bound by the innate immunomodulatory factor, cGAS, suggesting that combination platinum and ATR inhibition may also enhance response to immunotherapy in ERCC1-deficient tumors. In vivo studies demonstrate a significant effect on tumor growth delay with combination therapy compared with single agent treatment. Results of this study have led to the identification of a feasible therapeutic strategy combining ATR inhibition with platinum and potentially immune checkpoint blockade inhibitors to overcome platinum tolerance in ERCC1-deficient, p53-mutant lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Heyza
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Elmira Ekinci
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jacob Lindquist
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Wen Lei
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Christopher Yunker
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Vilvanathan Vinothkumar
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Rachelle Rowbotham
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Lisa Polin
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Natalie G Snider
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Eric Van Buren
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Donovan Watza
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jessica B Back
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Hirva Mamdani
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ann G Schwartz
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - John J Turchi
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- NERx Biosciences, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Gerold Bepler
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Steve M Patrick
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
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32
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ATR Inhibitor Synergizes PARP Inhibitor Cytotoxicity in Homologous Recombination Repair Deficiency TK6 Cell Lines. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:7891753. [PMID: 36794257 PMCID: PMC9925244 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7891753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) would be an alternative approach for cancer treatments. The aim of this study is to investigate the synergy of the different combinations of PARP inhibitors (olaparib, talazoparib, or veliparib) and ATR inhibitor AZD6738. A drug combinational synergy screen that combines olaparib, talazoparib, or veliparib with AZD6738 was performed to identify the synergistic interaction, and the combination index was calculated to verify synergy. TK6 isogenic cell lines with defects in different DNA repair genes were used as a model. Cell cycle analysis, micronucleus induction, and focus formation assays of serine-139 phosphorylation of the histone variant H2AX demonstrated that AZD6738 diminished G2/M checkpoint activation induced by PARP inhibitors and allowed DNA damage-containing cells to continue dividing, leading to greater increases in micronuclei as well as double-strand DNA breaks in mitotic cells. We also found that AZD6738 was likely to potentiate cytotoxicity of PARP inhibitors in homologous recombination repair deficiency cell lines. AZD6738 sensitized more genotypes of DNA repair-deficient cell lines to talazoparib than to olaparib and veliparib, respectively. The combinational approach of PARP and ATR inhibition to enhance response to PARP inhibitors could expand the utility of PARP inhibitors to cancer patients without BRCA1/2 mutations.
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Groelly FJ, Fawkes M, Dagg RA, Blackford AN, Tarsounas M. Targeting DNA damage response pathways in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2023; 23:78-94. [PMID: 36471053 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00535-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 163.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cells have evolved a complex network of biochemical pathways, collectively known as the DNA damage response (DDR), to prevent detrimental mutations from being passed on to their progeny. The DDR coordinates DNA repair with cell-cycle checkpoint activation and other global cellular responses. Genes encoding DDR factors are frequently mutated in cancer, causing genomic instability, an intrinsic feature of many tumours that underlies their ability to grow, metastasize and respond to treatments that inflict DNA damage (such as radiotherapy). One instance where we have greater insight into how genetic DDR abrogation impacts on therapy responses is in tumours with mutated BRCA1 or BRCA2. Due to compromised homologous recombination DNA repair, these tumours rely on alternative repair mechanisms and are susceptible to chemical inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), which specifically kill homologous recombination-deficient cancer cells, and have become a paradigm for targeted cancer therapy. It is now clear that many other synthetic-lethal relationships exist between DDR genes. Crucially, some of these interactions could be exploited in the clinic to target tumours that become resistant to PARP inhibition. In this Review, we discuss state-of-the-art strategies for DDR inactivation using small-molecule inhibitors and highlight those compounds currently being evaluated in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian J Groelly
- Genome Stability and Tumourigenesis Group, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew Fawkes
- Department of Oncology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Rebecca A Dagg
- Genome Stability and Tumourigenesis Group, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew N Blackford
- Department of Oncology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
| | - Madalena Tarsounas
- Genome Stability and Tumourigenesis Group, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Wang W, Xiong Y, Hu X, Lu F, Qin T, Zhang L, Guo E, Yang B, Fu Y, Hu D, Fan J, Qin X, Liu C, Xiao R, Chen G, Li Z, Sun C. Codelivery of adavosertib and olaparib by tumor-targeting nanoparticles for augmented efficacy and reduced toxicity. Acta Biomater 2023; 157:428-441. [PMID: 36549633 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) ranks first among gynecologic malignancies in terms of mortality. The benefits of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors appear to be limited to OC with BRCA mutations. Concurrent administration of WEE1 inhibitors (eg, adavosertib (Ada)) and PARP inhibitors (eg, olaparib (Ola)) effectively suppress ovarian tumor growth regardless of BRCA mutation status, but is poorly tolerated. Henceforth, we aimed to seek a strategy to reduce the toxic effects of this combination by taking advantage of the mesoporous polydopamine (MPDA) nanoparticles with good biocompatibility and high drug loading capacity. In this work, we designed a tumor-targeting peptide TMTP1 modified MPDA-based nano-drug delivery system (TPNPs) for targeted co-delivery of Ada and Ola to treat OC. Ada and Ola could be effectively loaded into MPDA nanoplatform and showed tumor microenvironment triggered release behavior. The nanoparticles induced more apoptosis in OC cells, and significantly enhanced the synergy of combination therapy with Ada plus Ola in murine OC models. Moreover, the precise drug delivery of TPNPs towards tumor cells significantly diminished the toxic side effects caused by concurrent administration of Ada and Ola. Co-delivery of WEE1 inhibitors and PARP inhibitors via TPNPs represents a promising approach for the treatment of OC. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Combination therapy of WEE1 inhibitors (eg, Ada) with PARP inhibitors (eg, Ola) effectively suppress ovarian tumor growth regardless of BRCA mutation status. However, poor tolerability limits its clinical application. To address this issue, we construct a tumor-targeting nano-drug delivery system (TPNP) for co-delivery of Ada and Ola. The nanoparticles specifically target ovarian cancer and effectively enhance the antitumor effect while minimizing undesired toxic side effects. As the first nanomedicine co-loaded with a WEE1 inhibitor and a PARP inhibitor, TPNP-Ada-Ola may provide a promising and generally applicable therapeutic strategy for ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yuxuan Xiong
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xingyuan Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Funian Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tianyu Qin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ensong Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dianxing Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - JunPeng Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xu Qin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - RouRou Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zifu Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Chaoyang Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Systemic Therapy for Hereditary Breast Cancers. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2023; 37:203-224. [PMID: 36435611 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2022.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 5% to 10% of all breast cancers are hereditary; many of which are caused by pathogenic variants in genes required for homologous recombination, including BRCA1 and BRCA2. Here we discuss systemic treatment for such breast cancers, including approved chemotherapeutic approaches and also targeted treatment approaches using poly-(ADP ribose) polymerase inhibitors. We also discuss experimental approaches to treating hereditary breast cancer, including new small molecule DNA repair inhibitors and also immunomodulatory agents. Finally, we discuss how drug resistance emerges in patients with hereditary breast cancer, how this might be delayed or prevented, and how biomarker-adapted treatment is molding the future management of hereditary breast cancer.
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Li J, Lu J, Xu M, Yang S, Yu T, Zheng C, Huang X, Pan Y, Chen Y, Long J, Zhang C, Huang H, Dai Q, Li B, Wang W, Yao S, Pan C. ODF2L acts as a synthetic lethal partner with WEE1 inhibition in epithelial ovarian cancer models. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:161544. [PMID: 36378528 PMCID: PMC9843051 DOI: 10.1172/jci161544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
WEE1 has emerged as an attractive target in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), but how EOC cells may alter their sensitivity to WEE1 inhibition remains unclear. Here, through a cell cycle machinery-related gene RNAi screen, we found that targeting outer dense fiber of sperm tails 2-like (ODF2L) was a synthetic lethal partner with WEE1 kinase inhibition in EOC cells. Knockdown of ODF2L robustly sensitized cells to treatment with the WEE1 inhibitor AZD1775 in EOC cell lines in vitro as well as in xenografts in vivo. Mechanistically, the increased sensitivity to WEE1 inhibition upon ODF2L loss was accompanied by accumulated DNA damage. ODF2L licensed the recruitment of PKMYT1, a functionally redundant kinase of WEE1, to the CDK1-cyclin B complex and thus restricted the activity of CDK1 when WEE1 was inhibited. Clinically, upregulation of ODF2L correlated with CDK1 activity, DNA damage levels, and sensitivity to WEE1 inhibition in patient-derived EOC cells. Moreover, ODF2L levels predicted the response to WEE1 inhibition in an EOC patient-derived xenograft model. Combination treatment with tumor-targeted lipid nanoparticles that packaged ODF2L siRNA and AZD1775 led to the synergistic attenuation of tumor growth in the ID8 ovarian cancer syngeneic mouse model. These data suggest that WEE1 inhibition is a promising precision therapeutic strategy for EOC cells expressing low levels of ODF2L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital
| | - Jingyi Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, and
| | - Manman Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital
| | - Shiyu Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, and
| | - Tiantian Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, and
| | - Cuimiao Zheng
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuwen Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital
| | - Yangyang Chen
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junming Long
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital
| | - Qingyuan Dai
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, and,Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital
| | - Shuzhong Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital
| | - Chaoyun Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, and,Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Ovejero-Sánchez M, González-Sarmiento R, Herrero AB. DNA Damage Response Alterations in Ovarian Cancer: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:448. [PMID: 36672401 PMCID: PMC9856346 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR), a set of signaling pathways for DNA damage detection and repair, maintains genomic stability when cells are exposed to endogenous or exogenous DNA-damaging agents. Alterations in these pathways are strongly associated with cancer development, including ovarian cancer (OC), the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. In OC, failures in the DDR have been related not only to the onset but also to progression and chemoresistance. It is known that approximately half of the most frequent subtype, high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), exhibit defects in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair by homologous recombination (HR), and current evidence indicates that probably all HGSCs harbor a defect in at least one DDR pathway. These defects are not restricted to HGSCs; mutations in ARID1A, which are present in 30% of endometrioid OCs and 50% of clear cell (CC) carcinomas, have also been found to confer deficiencies in DNA repair. Moreover, DDR alterations have been described in a variable percentage of the different OC subtypes. Here, we overview the main DNA repair pathways involved in the maintenance of genome stability and their deregulation in OC. We also recapitulate the preclinical and clinical data supporting the potential of targeting the DDR to fight the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ovejero-Sánchez
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer (IBMCC), University of Salamanca-Spanish National Research Council, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rogelio González-Sarmiento
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer (IBMCC), University of Salamanca-Spanish National Research Council, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Herrero
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer (IBMCC), University of Salamanca-Spanish National Research Council, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Wu Y, Xu S, Cheng S, Yang J, Wang Y. Clinical application of PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer: from molecular mechanisms to the current status. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:6. [PMID: 36611214 PMCID: PMC9826575 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As a kind of gynecological tumor, ovarian cancer is not as common as cervical cancer and breast cancer, but its malignant degree is higher. Despite the increasingly mature treatment of ovarian cancer, the five-year survival rate of patients is still less than 50%. Based on the concept of synthetic lethality, poly (ADP- ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors target tumor cells with defects in homologous recombination repair(HRR), the most significant being the target gene Breast cancer susceptibility genes(BRCA). PARP inhibitors capture PARP-1 protein at the site of DNA damage to destroy the original reaction, causing the accumulation of PARP-DNA nucleoprotein complexes, resulting in DNA double-strand breaks(DSBs) and cell death. PARP inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of ovarian cancer for several years and achieved good results. However, with the widespread use of PARP inhibitors, more and more attention has been paid to drug resistance and side effects. Therefore, further research is needed to understand the mechanism of PARP inhibitors, to be familiar with the adverse reactions of the drug, to explore the markers of its efficacy and prognosis, and to deal with its drug resistance. This review elaborates the use of PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsong Wu
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shilin Xu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Cheng
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiani Yang
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Yu Wang
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
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da Costa AABA, Chowdhury D, Shapiro GI, D'Andrea AD, Konstantinopoulos PA. Targeting replication stress in cancer therapy. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:38-58. [PMID: 36202931 PMCID: PMC11132912 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00558-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Replication stress is a major cause of genomic instability and a crucial vulnerability of cancer cells. This vulnerability can be therapeutically targeted by inhibiting kinases that coordinate the DNA damage response with cell cycle control, including ATR, CHK1, WEE1 and MYT1 checkpoint kinases. In addition, inhibiting the DNA damage response releases DNA fragments into the cytoplasm, eliciting an innate immune response. Therefore, several ATR, CHK1, WEE1 and MYT1 inhibitors are undergoing clinical evaluation as monotherapies or in combination with chemotherapy, poly[ADP-ribose]polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, or immune checkpoint inhibitors to capitalize on high replication stress, overcome therapeutic resistance and promote effective antitumour immunity. Here, we review current and emerging approaches for targeting replication stress in cancer, from preclinical and biomarker development to clinical trial evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dipanjan Chowdhury
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Geoffrey I Shapiro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alan D D'Andrea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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Salguero C, Valladolid C, Robinson HMR, Smith GCM, Yap TA. Targeting ATR in Cancer Medicine. Cancer Treat Res 2023; 186:239-283. [PMID: 37978140 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-30065-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
As a key component of the DNA Damage Response, the Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) protein is a promising druggable target that is currently widely evaluated in phase I-II-III clinical trials as monotherapy and in combinations with other rational antitumor agents, including immunotherapy, DNA repair inhibitors, chemo- and radiotherapy. Ongoing clinical studies for this drug class must address the optimization of the therapeutic window to limit overlapping toxicities and refine the target population that will most likely benefit from ATR inhibition. With advances in the development of personalized treatment strategies for patients with advanced solid tumors, many ongoing ATR inhibitor trials have been recruiting patients based on their germline and somatic molecular alterations, rather than relying solely on specific tumor subtypes. Although a spectrum of molecular alterations have already been identified as potential predictive biomarkers of response that may sensitize to ATR inhibition, these biomarkers must be analytically validated and feasible to measure robustly to allow for successful integration into the clinic. While several ATR inhibitors in development are poised to address a clinically unmet need, no ATR inhibitor has yet received FDA-approval. This chapter details the underlying rationale for targeting ATR and summarizes the current preclinical and clinical landscape of ATR inhibitors currently in evaluation, as their regulatory approval potentially lies close in sight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Salguero
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christian Valladolid
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Helen M R Robinson
- Artios Pharma, The Glenn Berge Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Graeme C M Smith
- Artios Pharma, The Glenn Berge Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Timothy A Yap
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- The Institute for Applied Cancer Science, and Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Holcombe Boulevard, TX, 77030, Houston, USA.
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Golan T, Raitses-Gurevich M, Beller T, Carroll J, Brody JR. Strategies for the Management of Patients with Pancreatic Cancer with PARP Inhibitors. Cancer Treat Res 2023; 186:125-142. [PMID: 37978134 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-30065-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
A subset of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinomas (PDAC) harbor mutations that are exploitable in the context of DNA-damage response and repair (DDR) inhibitory strategies. Between 8-18% of PDACs harbor specific mutations in the DDR pathway such as BRCA1/2 mutations, and a higher prevalence exists in high-risk populations (e.g., Ashkenazi Jews). Herein, we will review the current trials and data on the treatment of PDAC patients who harbor such mutations and who appear sensitive to platinum and/or poly ADP ribose polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) based therapies due to a concept known as synthetic lethality. Although this current best-in-class precision treatment shows clinical promise, the specter of resistance limits the extent of therapeutic responses. We therefore also evaluate promising pre-clinical and clinical approaches in the pipeline that may either work with existing therapies to break resistance or work separately with combination therapies against this subset of PDACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Golan
- Cancer Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Maria Raitses-Gurevich
- Cancer Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamar Beller
- Cancer Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - James Carroll
- Department of Surgery, Brenden Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jonathan R Brody
- Department of Surgery, Brenden Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Zhao Y, Zhou K, Xia X, Guo Y, Tao L. Chk1 inhibition-induced BRCAness synergizes with olaparib in p53-deficient cancer cells. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:200-212. [PMID: 35959961 PMCID: PMC9815235 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2111769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although targeting DNA-damage repair by inhibition of PARP exhibits weak or modest single-agent activity due to the existence of functional BRCA1/2 alleles, PARP inhibitors have been gradually applicable in BRCA-proficient cancers. Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) inhibition selectively disrupts homologous recombination (HR)-mediated DNA repair and confers synthetic lethality in p53-deficient tumors, we therefore aim at expounding the chemopotentiating effects of Chk1 inhibition on PARPi in BRCA-proficient and p53-deficient cancer cells. Initially, BRCA wild-type, p53-null cells including AsPC-1 and H1299 demonstrated innate resistance to PARP inhibitor olaparib compared to BRCA1-mutant, p53-null MDA-MB-436 cells. We quantified the interaction between olaparib and a selective Chk1 inhibitor MK-8776, which produced synergistic effects under sub-IC50 concentrations in p53-depleted AsPC-1 and H1299 cells. Olaparib in combination with MK-8776 showed enhanced antitumor effects through prohibiting proliferation and secondarily inducing apoptosis in two cell lines. Of note, we observed that MK-8776 significantly sensitized cells to olaparib by broad DNA and chromosomal breaks. Mechanistically, MK-8776 abrogated olaparib-induced BRCA1 intranuclear foci formation, MCM7-mediated replication machineries, and ultimately triggered an accumulation of γH2AX, a well-recognized marker of DNA double-strand breaks. Additionally, we established ectopic expression of hotspot mutant p53 in H1299 cells. Introduction of p53R175 H promoted olaparib resistance as single-agent treatment, but the synergy between olaparib and MK-8776 was still achievable and the region of synergy was produced by lower combination concentrations. These data provide insight into how Chk1 inhibition could be effectively targeted and confer sensitivity to olaparib toward p53-deficient and HR-proficient cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Medicine, Linfen Vocational and Technical College, Linfen, Shanxi, China
| | - Kehui Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyu Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yajie Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Li Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- The State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Toxic Pathogens-Based Therapeutic Approaches of Gastric Cancer, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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43
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Bian Y, Guan P, Li D, Tan L, Pang H, Wen Q, Chen P, Zhang Z. Interstitial brachytherapy combined with PARP inhibitors in the treatment of chemoresistant recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer: A case report. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1071383. [PMID: 36591480 PMCID: PMC9797826 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1071383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemoresistance generally develops in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer, and the prognosis is still very poor, with an expected survival time of less than one year. For this population of individuals, there is currently no standard protocol for clinical benefit. Case presentation We report a case of an elderly woman diagnosed with stage IIIC high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). During a follow-up time of 6 years, the patient initially received multiple sequential courses of chemotherapy with platinum-based regimens and with no maintenance therapy. Similar to most patients with advanced HGSOC, she developed platinum resistance and experienced poor treatment results with a short progression-free survival (PFS). Ultimately, we gave the patient traditional non-platinum-based chemotherapy with bevacizumab and high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy followed by olaparib as a maintenance therapy. Up to now, the patient did response well to the treatment, and the PFS had exceeded 12 months. Conclusion High-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy combination with PARP inhibitors may be an option for isolated chemoresistant recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Qinglian Wen
- *Correspondence: Zhenhua Zhang, ; Ping Chen, ; Qinglian Wen,
| | - Ping Chen
- *Correspondence: Zhenhua Zhang, ; Ping Chen, ; Qinglian Wen,
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- *Correspondence: Zhenhua Zhang, ; Ping Chen, ; Qinglian Wen,
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44
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Jackson LM, Moldovan GL. Mechanisms of PARP1 inhibitor resistance and their implications for cancer treatment. NAR Cancer 2022; 4:zcac042. [PMID: 36568963 PMCID: PMC9773381 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of synthetic lethality as a result of the combined loss of PARP1 and BRCA has revolutionized the treatment of DNA repair-deficient cancers. With the development of PARP inhibitors, patients displaying germline or somatic mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 were presented with a novel therapeutic strategy. However, a large subset of patients do not respond to PARP inhibitors. Furthermore, many of those who do respond eventually acquire resistance. As such, combating de novo and acquired resistance to PARP inhibitors remains an obstacle in achieving durable responses in patients. In this review, we touch on some of the key mechanisms of PARP inhibitor resistance, including restoration of homologous recombination, replication fork stabilization and suppression of single-stranded DNA gap accumulation, as well as address novel approaches for overcoming PARP inhibitor resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey M Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - George-Lucian Moldovan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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45
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Li S, Wang T, Fei X, Zhang M. ATR Inhibitors in Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235902. [PMID: 36497387 PMCID: PMC9740197 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (PROC) is one of the deadliest types of epithelial ovarian cancer, and it is associated with a poor prognosis as the median overall survival (OS) is less than 12 months. Targeted therapy is a popular emerging treatment method. Several targeted therapies, including those using bevacizumab and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi), have been used to treat PROC. Ataxia telangiectasia and RAD3-Related Protein Kinase inhibitors (ATRi) have attracted attention as a promising class of targeted drugs that can regulate the cell cycle and influence homologous recombination (HR) repair. In recent years, many preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of ATRis in PROC. This review focuses on the anticancer mechanism of ATRis and the progress of research on ATRis for PROC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, China
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, China
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xichang Fei
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, China
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, China
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, China
- Correspondence:
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46
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DNA Damage Response in Cancer Therapy and Resistance: Challenges and Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314672. [PMID: 36499000 PMCID: PMC9735783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy is a common event among cancer patients and a reason why new cancer therapies and therapeutic strategies need to be in continuous investigation and development. DNA damage response (DDR) comprises several pathways that eliminate DNA damage to maintain genomic stability and integrity, but different types of cancers are associated with DDR machinery defects. Many improvements have been made in recent years, providing several drugs and therapeutic strategies for cancer patients, including those targeting the DDR pathways. Currently, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARP inhibitors) are the DDR inhibitors (DDRi) approved for several cancers, including breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancer. However, PARPi resistance is a growing issue in clinical settings that increases disease relapse and aggravate patients' prognosis. Additionally, resistance to other DDRi is also being found and investigated. The resistance mechanisms to DDRi include reversion mutations, epigenetic modification, stabilization of the replication fork, and increased drug efflux. This review highlights the DDR pathways in cancer therapy, its role in the resistance to conventional treatments, and its exploitation for anticancer treatment. Biomarkers of treatment response, combination strategies with other anticancer agents, resistance mechanisms, and liabilities of treatment with DDR inhibitors are also discussed.
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47
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Li S, Wang L, Wang Y, Zhang C, Hong Z, Han Z. The synthetic lethality of targeting cell cycle checkpoints and PARPs in cancer treatment. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:147. [PMID: 36253861 PMCID: PMC9578258 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01360-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous cell division is a hallmark of cancer, and the underlying mechanism is tumor genomics instability. Cell cycle checkpoints are critical for enabling an orderly cell cycle and maintaining genome stability during cell division. Based on their distinct functions in cell cycle control, cell cycle checkpoints are classified into two groups: DNA damage checkpoints and DNA replication stress checkpoints. The DNA damage checkpoints (ATM-CHK2-p53) primarily monitor genetic errors and arrest cell cycle progression to facilitate DNA repair. Unfortunately, genes involved in DNA damage checkpoints are frequently mutated in human malignancies. In contrast, genes associated with DNA replication stress checkpoints (ATR-CHK1-WEE1) are rarely mutated in tumors, and cancer cells are highly dependent on these genes to prevent replication catastrophe and secure genome integrity. At present, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) operate through “synthetic lethality” mechanism with mutant DNA repair pathways genes in cancer cells. However, an increasing number of patients are acquiring PARP inhibitor resistance after prolonged treatment. Recent work suggests that a combination therapy of targeting cell cycle checkpoints and PARPs act synergistically to increase the number of DNA errors, compromise the DNA repair machinery, and disrupt the cell cycle, thereby increasing the death rate of cancer cells with DNA repair deficiency or PARP inhibitor resistance. We highlight a combinational strategy involving PARP inhibitors and inhibition of two major cell cycle checkpoint pathways, ATM-CHK2-TP53 and ATR-CHK1-WEE1. The biological functions, resistance mechanisms against PARP inhibitors, advances in preclinical research, and clinical trials are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangying Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Changyi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenya Hong
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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48
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Huang TT, Burkett SS, Tandon M, Yamamoto TM, Gupta N, Bitler BG, Lee JM, Nair JR. Distinct roles of treatment schemes and BRCA2 on the restoration of homologous recombination DNA repair and PARP inhibitor resistance in ovarian cancer. Oncogene 2022; 41:5020-5031. [PMID: 36224341 PMCID: PMC9669252 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02491-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) represent a major advance in ovarian cancer, now as a treatment and as a maintenance therapy in the upfront and recurrent settings. However, patients often develop resistance to PARPis, underlining the importance of dissecting resistance mechanisms. Here, we report different dosing/timing schemes of PARPi treatment in BRCA2-mutant PEO1 cells, resulting in the simultaneous development of distinct resistance mechanisms. PARPi-resistant variants PEO1/OlaJR, established by higher initial doses and short-term PARPi treatment, develops PARPi resistance by rapidly restoring functional BRCA2 and promoting drug efflux activity. In contrast, PEO1/OlaR, developed by lower initial doses with long-term PARPi exposure, shows no regained BRCA2 function but a mesenchymal-like phenotype with greater invasion ability, and exhibits activated ATR/CHK1 and suppressed EZH2/MUS81 signaling cascades to regain HR repair and fork stabilization, respectively. Our study suggests that PARPi resistance mechanisms can be governed by treatment strategies and have a molecular basis on BRCA2 functionality. Further, we define different mechanisms that may serve as useful biomarkers to assess subsequent treatment strategies in PARPi-resistant ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ting Huang
- Women's Malignancies Branch (WMB), Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Mayank Tandon
- Center for Cancer Research Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tomomi M Yamamoto
- Department of OB/GYN, Division of Reproductive Sciences, The University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nitasha Gupta
- Women's Malignancies Branch (WMB), Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin G Bitler
- Department of OB/GYN, Division of Reproductive Sciences, The University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Women's Malignancies Branch (WMB), Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Jayakumar R Nair
- Women's Malignancies Branch (WMB), Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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49
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Xiao X, Wang Y, Chen J, Qin P, Chen P, Zhou D, Pan Y. Self-targeting platinum(IV) amphiphilic prodrug nano-assembly as radiosensitizer for synergistic and safe chemoradiotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomaterials 2022; 289:121793. [PMID: 36126545 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemoradiotherapy is a widely used treatment for patients with malignancies such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, it remains challenging to realize safe and synergistic chemotherapy and radiation sensitization. Herein, we design a self-targeting nano-assembly (STNA) based on platinum(IV)-lactose amphiphilic prodrug for synergistic and safe chemoradiotherapy of HCC. The Pt STNA would improve the tumor accumulation due to the targeting ability of lactose to HCC cells. After receptor-mediated endocytosis, Pt STNA would release cisplatin(II) in cancer cells to form DNA-binding, thus inducing DNA damage and cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, the DNA-binding also causes cell cycle arrest in the radiation-sensitive G2/M phase by the up-regulation of phosphorylated checkpoint kinase 1 (p-Chk1) expression. Furthermore, under X-ray irradiation, Pt STNA as radiosensitizer possesses a strong X-ray attenuation ability to deposit more energy, thus elevating the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to amplify the cell-killing effect of radiotherapy in the G2/M phase with increased DNA damage. As a result, Pt STNA exhibits significant synergistic therapeutic effects in chemoradiotherapy with no adverse effects in vitro and in vivo. Overall, we present a novel self-targeting nano-assembly strategy based on widely used Pt drugs for synergistic chemotherapy and radiation sensitization of HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Yupeng Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China; Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, PR China
| | - Jieyao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Peng Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Peiyao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Dongfang Zhou
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China; Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, PR China.
| | - Yue Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China.
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50
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Turpin A, Neuzillet C, Colle E, Dusetti N, Nicolle R, Cros J, de Mestier L, Bachet JB, Hammel P. Therapeutic advances in metastatic pancreatic cancer: a focus on targeted therapies. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2022; 14:17588359221118019. [PMID: 36090800 PMCID: PMC9459481 DOI: 10.1177/17588359221118019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mortality from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is increasing worldwide and effective new treatments are urgently needed. The current treatment of metastatic PDAC in fit patients is based on two chemotherapy combinations (FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel) which were validated more than 8 years ago. Although almost all treatments targeting specific molecular alterations have failed so far when administered to unselected patients, encouraging results were observed in the small subpopulations of patients with germline BRCA 1/2 mutations, and somatic gene fusions (neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase, Neuregulin 1, which are enriched in KRAS wild-type PDAC), KRAS G12C mutations, or microsatellite instability. While targeted tumor metabolism therapies and immunotherapy have been disappointing, they are still under investigation in combination with other drugs. Optimizing pharmacokinetics and adapting available chemotherapies based on molecular signatures are other promising avenues of research. This review evaluates the current expectations and limits of available treatments and analyses the existing trials. A permanent search for actionable vulnerabilities in PDAC tumor cells and microenvironments will probably result in a more personalized therapeutic approach, keeping in mind that supportive care must also play a major role if real clinical efficacy is to be achieved in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Turpin
- Department of Medical Oncology, CNRS UMR9020,
Inserm UMR-S 1277-Canther-Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to
Therapies, University Lille, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Cindy Neuzillet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Curie
Institute, Versailles Saint-Quentin University, Paris-Saclay University,
Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Elise Colle
- Department of Digestive and Medical Oncology,
Hospital Paul Brousse (AP-HP), Villejuif, University of Paris Saclay,
France
| | - Nelson Dusetti
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, CRCM,
Inserm, CNRS, Paoli-Calmettes Institut, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille,
France
| | - Rémy Nicolle
- Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation, INSERM,
U1149, CNRS, ERL 8252, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Cros
- Department of Pathology, University of Paris
Cité, Hospital Beaujon (AP-HP), Clichy, France
| | - Louis de Mestier
- Department of Gastroenterology and
Pancreatology, University of Paris Cité, Hospital Beaujon (AP-HP), Clichy,
France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Bachet
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive
Oncology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, UPMC University,
Paris, France
| | - Pascal Hammel
- Department of Digestive and Medical Oncology,
Hôpital Paul Brousse (AP-HP), 12 Avenue Paul Vaillant-Couturier, Villejuif
94800, University of Paris Saclay, France
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