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Ma Z, Zhou Z, Wang S, Ji H, Zhao D, Wang L, Chen J. Clinical significance of postoperative folate receptor-positive circulating tumor cells (FR + CTCs) for long-term prognosis in patients with invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) of the lung. Thorac Cancer 2024; 15:1060-1071. [PMID: 38532562 PMCID: PMC11062873 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to evaluate the prognostic value of postoperative folate receptor-positive circulating tumor cell (FR + CTC) detection in patients with stage I-III invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) treated with surgery. METHODS Patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) who underwent surgical resection in Peking University Cancer Hospital and received postoperative FR + CTC analysis from July 2016 to January 2021 were retrospectively collected. Comparisons between or among groups were made using the Kruskal-Wallis or Mann-Whitney U tests. Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were performed to explore the factors predicting recurrence and survival. RESULTS There were significant differences between the high and low groups in terms of age (p = 0.002), postoperative CA199 (p = 0.038), and postoperative SCC (p = 0.024). There were no significant differences in the other indicators (all p>0.05). N stage 1, N stage 2, and neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) were independent risk factors for disease recurrence and death; pleural invasion (PI), and nerve invasion were independent risk factors for death. The Kaplan-Meier curve showed a notable trend for a worse disease-free survival (DFS) or overall survival (OS) for patients with high levels of FR + CTCs in our study, but none of these were statistically significant. CONCLUSION The detection of FR + CTCs postoperatively was an independent predictor of recurrence in patients treated for stage I-III IAC. Standardized detection methods and optimal time points for assessment should be established in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shijie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Dachuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
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Xu J, Zhao Y, Chen Z, Wei L. Clinical Application of Different Liquid Biopsy Components in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Pers Med 2024; 14:420. [PMID: 38673047 PMCID: PMC11051574 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14040420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of primary liver cancer, usually occurring in the background of chronic liver disease. HCC lethality rate is in the third highest place in the world. Patients with HCC have concealed early symptoms and possess a high-level of heterogeneity. Once diagnosed, most of the tumors are in advanced stages and have a poor prognosis. The sensitivity and specificity of existing detection modalities and protocols are suboptimal. HCC calls for more sophisticated and individualized therapeutic regimens. Liquid biopsy is non-invasive, repeatable, unaffected by location, and can be monitored dynamically. It has emerged as a useable aid in achieving precision malignant tumor treatment. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating nucleic acids, exosomes and tumor-educated platelets are the commonest components of a liquid biopsy. It possesses the theoretical ability to conquer the high heterogeneity and the difficulty of early detection for HCC patients. In this review, we summarize the common enrichment techniques and the clinical applications in HCC for different liquid biopsy components. Tumor recurrence after HCC-related liver transplantation is more insidious and difficult to treat. The clinical use of liquid biopsy in HCC-related liver transplantation is also summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lai Wei
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China; (J.X.); (Y.Z.); (Z.C.)
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Smit DJ, Pantel K. Circulating tumor cells as liquid biopsy markers in cancer patients. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 96:101258. [PMID: 38387225 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2024.101258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, novel methods for enrichment and identification of cancer cells circulating in the blood have been established. Blood-based detection of cancer cells and other tumor-associated products can be summarized under the term of Liquid Biopsy. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been used for diagnosis, risk stratification and treatment selection as well as treatment monitoring in several studies over the past years, thus representing a valuable biomarker for cancer patients. A plethora of methods to enrich, detect and analyze CTCs has been established. In contrast to other liquid biopsy analytes (e.g. ctDNA), CTCs represent a viable analyte that provides a unique opportunity to understand the underlaying biology of cancer and the metastatic cascade on the molecular level. In this review, we provide an overview on the current methods used for enrichment, detection, molecular and functional characterization of CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Smit
- Institute of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Institute of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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4
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Yakar M, Etiz D. Circulating tumor cells as prognostic marker in pancreatic cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2024; 15:165-168. [PMID: 38455127 PMCID: PMC10915936 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v15.i2.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In this editorial we comment on the article by Zhang et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Clinical Oncology. Pancreatic cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related mortality and has the lowest survival rate among all solid cancers. It causes 227000 deaths annually worldwide, and the 5-year survival rate is very low due to early metastasis, which is 4.6%. Cancer survival increases with better knowledge of risk factors and early and accurate diagnosis. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are tumor cells that intravasate from the primary tumor or metastasis foci into the peripheral blood circulation system spontaneously or during surgical operations. Detection of CTC in blood is promising for early diagnosis. In addition, studies have associated high CTC levels with a more advanced stage, and more intensive treatments should be considered in cases with high CTC. In tumors that are considered radiologically resectable, it may be of critical importance in detecting occult metastases and preventing unnecessary surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melek Yakar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osmangazi University, Eskişehir 26040, Turkey
| | - Durmuş Etiz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir 26040, Turkey
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5
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Smit DJ, Schneegans S, Pantel K. Clinical applications of circulating tumor cells in patients with solid tumors. Clin Exp Metastasis 2024:10.1007/s10585-024-10267-5. [PMID: 38281256 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-024-10267-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The concept of liquid biopsy analysis has been established more than a decade ago. Since the establishment of the term, tremendous advances have been achieved and plenty of methods as well as analytes have been investigated in basic research as well in clinical trials. Liquid biopsy refers to a body fluid-based biopsy that is minimal-invasive, and most importantly, allows dense monitoring of tumor responses by sequential blood sampling. Blood is the most important analyte for liquid biopsy analyses, providing an easily accessible source for a plethora of cells, cell-derived products, free nucleic acids, proteins as well as vesicles. More than 12,000 publications are listed in PubMed as of today including the term liquid biopsy. In this manuscript, we critically review the current implications of liquid biopsy, with special focus on circulating tumor cells, and describe the hurdles that need to be addressed before liquid biopsy can be implemented in clinical standard of care guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Smit
- Institute of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Fleur Hiege Center for Skin Cancer Research, Institute of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Svenja Schneegans
- Institute of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Institute of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
- Fleur Hiege Center for Skin Cancer Research, Institute of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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6
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Kolbeinsson HM, Chandana S, Wright GP, Chung M. Pancreatic Cancer: A Review of Current Treatment and Novel Therapies. J INVEST SURG 2023; 36:2129884. [PMID: 36191926 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2022.2129884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes for cancer-related deaths in the United States. Majority of patients present with unresectable or metastatic disease. For those that present with localized disease, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary to maximize survival and optimize outcomes. The quality and safety of surgery for pancreatic cancer have improved in recent years with increasing adoption of minimally invasive techniques and surgical adjuncts. Systemic chemotherapy has also evolved to impact survival. It is now increasingly being utilized in the neoadjuvant setting, often with concomitant radiation. Increased utilization of genomic testing in metastatic pancreatic cancer has led to better understanding of their biology, thereby allowing clinicians to consider potential targeted therapies. Similarly, targeted agents such as PARP inhibitors and immune checkpoint- inhibitors have emerged with promising results. In summary, pancreatic cancer remains a disease with poor long-term survival. However, recent developments have led to improved outcomes and have changed practice in the past decade. This review summarizes current practices in pancreatic cancer treatment and the milestones that brought us to where we are today, along with emerging therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hordur Mar Kolbeinsson
- Spectrum Health General Surgery Residency, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.,Department of Surgery, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Sreenivasa Chandana
- Department of Surgery, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.,Cancer and Hematology Centers of Western Michigan, PC, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - G Paul Wright
- Spectrum Health General Surgery Residency, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.,Department of Surgery, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.,Division of Surgical Oncology, Spectrum Health Medical Group, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Mathew Chung
- Spectrum Health General Surgery Residency, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.,Department of Surgery, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.,Division of Surgical Oncology, Spectrum Health Medical Group, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
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7
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Nguyen TNA, Huang PS, Chu PY, Hsieh CH, Wu MH. Recent Progress in Enhanced Cancer Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Monitoring Using a Combined Analysis of the Number of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) and Other Clinical Parameters. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5372. [PMID: 38001632 PMCID: PMC10670359 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) holds promise to diagnose cancer or monitor its development. Among the methods, counting CTC numbers in blood samples could be the simplest way to implement it. Nevertheless, its clinical utility has not yet been fully accepted. The reasons could be due to the rarity and heterogeneity of CTCs in blood samples that could lead to misleading results from assays only based on single CTC counts. To address this issue, a feasible direction is to combine the CTC counts with other clinical data for analysis. Recent studies have demonstrated the use of this new strategy for early detection and prognosis evaluation of cancers, or even for the distinguishment of cancers with different stages. Overall, this approach could pave a new path to improve the technical problems in the clinical applications of CTC counting techniques. In this review, the information relevant to CTCs, including their characteristics, clinical use of CTC counting, and technologies for CTC enrichment, were first introduced. This was followed by discussing the challenges and new perspectives of CTC counting techniques for clinical applications. Finally, the advantages and the recent progress in combining CTC counts with other clinical parameters for clinical applications have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Ngoc Anh Nguyen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; (T.N.A.N.); (P.-S.H.); (P.-Y.C.)
| | - Po-Shuan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; (T.N.A.N.); (P.-S.H.); (P.-Y.C.)
| | - Po-Yu Chu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; (T.N.A.N.); (P.-S.H.); (P.-Y.C.)
| | - Chia-Hsun Hsieh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei City Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City 23652, Taiwan;
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsien Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; (T.N.A.N.); (P.-S.H.); (P.-Y.C.)
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei City Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City 23652, Taiwan;
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
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8
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Cai S, Deng Y, Wang Z, Zhu J, Huang C, Du L, Wang C, Yu X, Liu W, Yang C, Wang Z, Wang L, Ma K, Huang R, Zhou X, Zou H, Zhang W, Huang Y, Li Z, Qin T, Xu T, Guo X, Yu Z. Development and clinical validation of a microfluidic-based platform for CTC enrichment and downstream molecular analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1238332. [PMID: 37849806 PMCID: PMC10578963 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1238332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although many CTC isolation and detection methods can provide information on cancer cell counts, downstream gene and protein analysis remain incomplete. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a technology that can provide comprehensive information on both the number and profile of CTC. Methods In this study, we developed a novel microfluidics-based CTC separation and enrichment platform that provided detailed information about CTC. Results This platform exhibits exceptional functionality, achieving high rates of CTC recovery (87.1%) and purification (∼4 log depletion of WBCs), as well as accurate detection (95.10%), providing intact and viable CTCs for downstream analysis. This platform enables successful separation and enrichment of CTCs from a 4 mL whole-blood sample within 15 minutes. Additionally, CTC subtypes, selected protein expression levels on the CTC surface, and target mutations in selected genes can be directly analyzed for clinical utility using immunofluorescence and real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the detected PD-L1 expression in CTCs is consistent with immunohistochemical assay results. Conclusion The microfluidic-based CTC enrichment platform and downstream molecular analysis together provide a possible alternative to tissue biopsy for precision cancer management, especially for patients whose tissue biopsies are unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhua Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Youjun Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyu Zhu
- Institute of Cancer Control, Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Chujian Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Longde Du
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunguang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangyang Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenyi Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenglin Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lixu Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Medical Affairs, Cellomics (ShenZhen) Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Heng Zou
- Department of Medical Affairs, Cellomics (ShenZhen) Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenchong Zhang
- Department of Medical Affairs, Cellomics (ShenZhen) Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Medical Affairs, Cellomics (ShenZhen) Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Medical Affairs, Cellomics (ShenZhen) Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tiaoping Qin
- Department of Medical Affairs, Cellomics (ShenZhen) Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Medical Affairs, Cellomics (ShenZhen) Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaotong Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhentao Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
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Lawrence R, Watters M, Davies CR, Pantel K, Lu YJ. Circulating tumour cells for early detection of clinically relevant cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2023:10.1038/s41571-023-00781-y. [PMID: 37268719 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-023-00781-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Given that cancer mortality is usually a result of late diagnosis, efforts in the field of early detection are paramount to reducing cancer-related deaths and improving patient outcomes. Increasing evidence indicates that metastasis is an early event in patients with aggressive cancers, often occurring even before primary lesions are clinically detectable. Metastases are usually formed from cancer cells that spread to distant non-malignant tissues via the blood circulation, termed circulating tumour cells (CTCs). CTCs have been detected in patients with early stage cancers and, owing to their association with metastasis, might indicate the presence of aggressive disease, thus providing a possible means to expedite diagnosis and treatment initiation for such patients while avoiding overdiagnosis and overtreatment of those with slow-growing, indolent tumours. The utility of CTCs as an early diagnostic tool has been investigated, although further improvements in the efficiency of CTC detection are required. In this Perspective, we discuss the clinical significance of early haematogenous dissemination of cancer cells, the potential of CTCs to facilitate early detection of clinically relevant cancers, and the technological advances that might improve CTC capture and, thus, diagnostic performance in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Lawrence
- Centre for Biomarkers and Therapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Melissa Watters
- Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Caitlin R Davies
- Centre for Biomarkers and Therapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Department of Tumour Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Yong-Jie Lu
- Centre for Biomarkers and Therapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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10
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Javed AA, Ding D, Hasanain A, van Oosten F, Yu J, Cameron JL, Burkhart RA, Zheng L, He J, Wolfgang CL. Persistent Circulating Tumor Cells at 1 Year After Oncologic Resection Predict Late Recurrence in Pancreatic Cancer. Ann Surg 2023; 277:859-865. [PMID: 36111892 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000005708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess the association between persistent circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and subsequent recurrence in patients who were clinically recurrence free ~12 months postoperatively. BACKGROUND Circulating tumor cells have been proposed as biomarkers to predict survival in pancreatic cancer. Some patients demonstrate persistent CTCs postoperatively, which could represent minimal residual disease. METHODS Patients from previously published prospective circulating tumor cell in pancreatic cancer trial without clinical evidence of recurrence 12 months postoperatively and CTC testing performed 9 to 15 months postoperatively were included. The presence of epithelial and transitional CTCs (trCTCs) was evaluated as predictor of recurrence. Kaplan-Meier curve, log-rank test, and Cox model were used for survival analysis. RESULTS Thirty-three of 129 eligible patients (circulating tumor cell in pancreatic cancer trial) were included. The trCTC-positive and negative patients were well balanced in clinicopathologic features. Patients with trCTCs had a recurrence rate per-person-month of 10.3% compared with 3.1% in trCTCs-negative patients with a median time to recurrence of 3.9 versus 27.1 months, respectively. On multivariable analysis, trCTCs positivity was associated with higher risk of late recurrence (hazard ratio: 4.7, 95% CI, 1.2-18.3, P =0.024). Fourteen (42.4%) patients recurred during the second postoperative year. One-year postoperative trCTCs positivity was associated with a higher rate of recurrence during the second year (odds ratio:13.1, 95% CI, 1.6-1953.4, P =0.028, area under curve=0.72). Integrating clinicopathologic features with trCTCs increased the area under curve to 0.80. A majority of trCTCs-positive patients (N=5, 62.5%) had multisite recurrence, followed by local-only (N=2, 25.0%) and liver-only (N=1, 12.5%) recurrence. This was in striking contrast to trCTCs-negative patients, where a majority (N=6, 66.7%) had a local-only recurrence, followed by liver-only (N=2, 22.2%) and multisite (N=1, 11.1%) recurrence. CONCLUSIONS In patients deemed to be clinically disease-free 12 months postoperatively, trCTCs positivity is associated with higher rates of subsequent recurrence with distinct patterns of recurrence. CTCs could be used a putative biomarker to guide patient prognostication and management in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar A Javed
- Department of Surgery, New York University Langone Hospital, New York City, NY
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ding Ding
- Department of Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Alina Hasanain
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Floortje van Oosten
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center & St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - John L Cameron
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Richard A Burkhart
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jin He
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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11
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Zheng S, Girgis MD, Tomlinson JS. Circulating Tumor Cells: Metastases Caught in the Act. Ann Surg 2023; 277:873-876. [PMID: 36994706 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000005846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Zheng
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Mark D Girgis
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles
- Department of Surgery, Greater Los Angeles VA Medical Center, Los Angeles
| | - James S Tomlinson
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles
- Department of Surgery, Greater Los Angeles VA Medical Center, Los Angeles
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12
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Raufi AG, May MS, Hadfield MJ, Seyhan AA, El-Deiry WS. Advances in Liquid Biopsy Technology and Implications for Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4238. [PMID: 36835649 PMCID: PMC9958987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy with a climbing incidence. The majority of cases are detected late, with incurable locally advanced or metastatic disease. Even in individuals who undergo resection, recurrence is unfortunately very common. There is no universally accepted screening modality for the general population and diagnosis, evaluation of treatment response, and detection of recurrence relies primarily on the use of imaging. Identification of minimally invasive techniques to help diagnose, prognosticate, predict response or resistance to therapy, and detect recurrence are desperately needed. Liquid biopsies represent an emerging group of technologies which allow for non-invasive serial sampling of tumor material. Although not yet approved for routine use in pancreatic cancer, the increasing sensitivity and specificity of contemporary liquid biopsy platforms will likely change clinical practice in the near future. In this review, we discuss the recent technological advances in liquid biopsy, focusing on circulating tumor DNA, exosomes, microRNAs, and circulating tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G. Raufi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Michael S. May
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Matthew J. Hadfield
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Attila A. Seyhan
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Wafik S. El-Deiry
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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Kung H, Yu J. Targeted therapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Mechanisms and clinical study. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e216. [PMID: 36814688 PMCID: PMC9939368 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive and lethal malignancy with a high rate of recurrence and a dismal 5-year survival rate. Contributing to the poor prognosis of PDAC is the lack of early detection, a complex network of signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms, a dense and desmoplastic stroma, and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. A recent shift toward a neoadjuvant approach to treating PDAC has been sparked by the numerous benefits neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) has to offer compared with upfront surgery. However, certain aspects of NAT against PDAC, including the optimal regimen, the use of radiotherapy, and the selection of patients that would benefit from NAT, have yet to be fully elucidated. This review describes the major signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in PDAC initiation and progression in addition to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment of PDAC. We then review current guidelines, ongoing research, and future research directions on the use of NAT based on randomized clinical trials and other studies. Finally, the current use of and research regarding targeted therapy for PDAC are examined. This review bridges the molecular understanding of PDAC with its clinical significance, development of novel therapies, and shifting directions in treatment paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng‐Chung Kung
- Krieger School of Arts and SciencesJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jun Yu
- Departments of Medicine and OncologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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14
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A Defucosylated Anti-EpCAM Monoclonal Antibody (EpMab-37-mG 2a-f) Exerts Antitumor Activity in Xenograft Model. Antibodies (Basel) 2022; 11:antib11040074. [PMID: 36546899 PMCID: PMC9774109 DOI: 10.3390/antib11040074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a stem cell and carcinoma antigen, which mediates cellular adhesion and proliferative signaling by the proteolytic cleavage. In contrast to low expression in normal epithelium, EpCAM is frequently overexpressed in various carcinomas, which correlates with poor prognosis. Therefore, EpCAM has been considered as a promising target for tumor diagnosis and therapy. Using the Cell-Based Immunization and Screening (CBIS) method, we previously established an anti-EpCAM monoclonal antibody (EpMab-37; mouse IgG1, kappa). In this study, we investigated the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), and an antitumor activity by a defucosylated mouse IgG2a-type of EpMab-37 (EpMab-37-mG2a-f) against a breast cancer cell line (BT-474) and a pancreatic cancer cell line (Capan-2), both of which express EpCAM. EpMab-37-mG2a-f recognized BT-474 and Capan-2 cells with a moderate binding-affinity [apparent dissociation constant (KD): 2.9 × 10-8 M and 1.8 × 10-8 M, respectively] by flow cytometry. EpMab-37-mG2a-f exhibited ADCC and CDC for both cells by murine splenocytes and complements, respectively. Furthermore, administration of EpMab-37-mG2a-f significantly suppressed the xenograft tumor development compared with the control mouse IgG. These results indicated that EpMab-37-mG2a-f exerts antitumor activities and could provide valuable therapeutic regimen for breast and pancreatic cancers.
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15
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Nitschke C, Markmann B, Konczalla L, Kropidlowski J, Pereira-Veiga T, Scognamiglio P, Schönrock M, Sinn M, Tölle M, Izbicki J, Pantel K, Uzunoglu FG, Wikman H. Circulating Cancer Associated Macrophage-like Cells as a Potential New Prognostic Marker in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112955. [PMID: 36428523 PMCID: PMC9687633 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating Cancer Associated Macrophage-like cells (CAMLs) have been described as novel liquid biopsy analytes and unfavorable prognostic markers in some tumor entities, with scarce data for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinomas (PDAC). METHODS Baseline and follow-up blood was drawn from resected curative (n = 36) and palliative (n = 19) PDAC patients. A microfluidic size-based cell enrichment approach (ParsortixTM) was used for CAML detection, followed by immunofluorescence staining using pan-keratin, CD14, and CD45 antibodies to differentiate between CAMLs, circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and leukocytes. RESULTS CAMLs were detectable at baseline in 36.1% of resected patients and 47.4% of palliative PDAC patients. CAML detection was tumor stage independent. Follow-up data indicated that detection of CAMLs (in 45.5% of curative patients) was an independent prognostic factor for shorter recurrence-free survival (RFS) (HR: 4.3, p = 0.023). Furthermore, a combined analysis with CTCs showed the detectability of at least one of these cell populations in 68.2% of resected patients at follow-up. The combined detection of CAMLs and CTCs was also significantly associated with short RFS (HR: 8.7, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS This pilot study shows that detection of CAMLs in PDAC patients can provide prognostic information, either alone or even more pronounced in combination with CTCs, which indicates the power of liquid biopsy marker analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Nitschke
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Markmann
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leonie Konczalla
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jolanthe Kropidlowski
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thais Pereira-Veiga
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pasquale Scognamiglio
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schönrock
- II Medical Clinic and Polyclinic (Oncology), University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marianne Sinn
- II Medical Clinic and Polyclinic (Oncology), University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marie Tölle
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Faik G. Uzunoglu
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Harriet Wikman
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-40-7510-51913
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16
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Cheng H, Yang J, Fu X, Mao L, Chu X, Lu C, Li G, Qiu Y, He W. Folate receptor-positive circulating tumor cells predict survival and recurrence patterns in patients undergoing resection for pancreatic cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1012609. [PMID: 36313690 PMCID: PMC9606765 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1012609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the prognostic impact of folate receptor (FR)-positive circulating tumor cells (FR+ CTCs) for patients with pancreatic cancer (PC). Background Risk stratification before surgery for PC patients remains challenging as there are no reliable prognostic markers currently. FR+ CTCs, detected by ligand-targeted polymerase chain reaction (LT-PCR), have shown excellent diagnostic value for PC in our previous study and prognostic value in a variety of cancer types. Methods Peripheral blood samples from 44 consecutive patients diagnosed with PC were analyzed for FR+ CTCs. 25 patients underwent tumor resection and were assigned to the surgical group. 19 patients failed to undergo radical resection because of local advance or distant metastasis and were assigned to the non-surgical group. The impact of CTCs on relapse and survival were explored. Results For the prognostic stratification, the optimal cut-off value of CTCs analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 14.49 folate units (FU)/3 ml. High CTC levels (> 14.49 FU/3 ml) were detected in 52.0% (13/25) of the patients in the surgical group and 63.2% (12/19) in the non-surgical group. In the surgical group, median disease-free survival (DFS) for patients with high CTC levels versus low CTC levels (< 14.49 FU/3 ml) was 8.0 versus 26.0 months (P = 0.008). In multivariable analysis, CTCs were an independent risk factor for DFS (HR: 4.589, P = 0.012). Concerning the recurrence patterns, patients with high CTC levels showed a significantly frequent rate of distant and early recurrence (P = 0.017 and P = 0.011). CTC levels remained an independent predictor for both distant (OR: 8.375, P = 0.014) and early recurrence (OR: 8.412, P = 0.013) confirmed by multivariable logistic regression. However, CTCs did not predict survival in the non-surgical group (P = 0.220). Conclusion FR+ CTCs in resected PC patients could predict impaired survival and recurrence patterns after surgery. Preoperative CTC levels detected by LT-PCR may help guide treatment strategies and further studies in a larger cohort are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Mao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuehui Chu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenglin Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yudong Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yudong Qiu, ; Wei He,
| | - Wei He
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yudong Qiu, ; Wei He,
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Characterization of RARRES1 Expression on Circulating Tumor Cells as Unfavorable Prognostic Marker in Resected Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184405. [PMID: 36139565 PMCID: PMC9497091 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Our explorative study used a microfluidic-based approach for circulating tumor cell (CTC) detection in 55 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients before treatment initiation (baseline) and during follow-up (FUP). For the first time, we assessed the expression of retinoic acid receptor responder 1 (RARRES1) on CTCs. CTCs were detected in 25.5% of patients at baseline, while the detection rate during FUP was higher (45.5%). Especially high CTC counts during FUP in resected patients were associated with early tumor relapse (p = 0.02). Combining CTC detection and RARRES1 protein expression showed that RARRES1-positive patients with high CTCs counts after curative operation during FUP had a worse prognosis (p = 0.001). In conclusion, RARRES1 is a new marker of interest for further research investigations on subtypes of CTCs in PDAC. Abstract Background: In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) opens new insights into cancer metastasis as the leading cause of cancer-related death. Here, we focused on the expression of retinoic acid receptor responder 1 (RARRES1) on CTCs as a novel marker for treatment failure and early relapse. Methods: The stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)—approach was applied for identifying and quantifying new biomarker proteins in PDAC cell lines HPDE and its chemoresistant counterpart, L3.6pl-Res. Fifty-five baseline and 36 follow-up (FUP) peripheral blood samples were processed via a marker-independent microfluidic-based CTC detection approach using RARRES1 as an additional marker. Results: SILAC-based proteomics identified RARRES1 as an abundantly expressed protein in more aggressive chemoresistant PDAC cells. At baseline, CTCs were detected in 25.5% of all PDAC patients, while FUP analysis (median: 11 months FUP) showed CTC detection in 45.5% of the resected patients. CTC positivity (≥3 CTC) at FUP was significantly associated with short recurrence-free survival (p = 0.002). Furthermore, detection of RARRES1 positive CTCs was indicative of an even earlier relapse after surgery (p = 0.001). Conclusions: CTC detection in resected PDAC patients during FUP is associated with a worse prognosis, and RARRES1 expression might identify an aggressive subtype of CTCs that deserves further investigation.
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Lu L, Wang H, Fang J, Zheng J, Liu B, Xia L, Li D. Overexpression of OAS1 Is Correlated With Poor Prognosis in Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:944194. [PMID: 35898870 PMCID: PMC9309611 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.944194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background OAS1 expression in pancreatic cancer has been confirmed by many studies. However, the prognostic value and mechanism of OAS1 in pancreatic cancer have not been analyzed. Methods The RNA-seq in pancreatic cancer were obtained by UCSC XENA and GEO database. In addition, immunohistochemical validation and analysis were performed using samples from the 900th hospital. The prognosis of OAS1 was evaluated by timeROC package, Cox regression analysis, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Then, the main functional and biological signaling pathways enrichment and its relationship with the abundance of immune cells were analyzed by bioinformatics. Results OAS1 was highly expressed in pancreatic cancer compared with normal pancreatic tissue. High OAS1 expression was associated with poor overall survival (p<0.05). The OAS1 was significantly correlated to TNM staging (p=0.014). The timeROC analysis showed that the AUC of OAS1 was 0.734 for 3-year OS. In addition, the expression of OAS1 was significantly correlated with the abundance of a variety of immune markers. GSEA showed that enhanced signaling pathways associated with OAS1 include Apoptosis, Notch signaling pathway, and P53 signaling pathway. Conclusions OAS1 is a valuable prognostic factor in pancreatic cancer. Moreover, it may be a potential immunotherapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Lu
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huaxiang Wang
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Jian Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Medicine, The Third Affiliated People's Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiaolong Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Disease, The 900th Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bang Liu
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Department of Hepatobiliary Medicine, The Third Affiliated People's Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dongliang Li
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Disease, The 900th Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dongliang Li,
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Luo K, Wang X, Zhang X, Liu Z, Huang S, Li R. The Value of Circulating Tumor Cells in the Prognosis and Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:933645. [PMID: 35860591 PMCID: PMC9293050 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.933645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, tumor diagnosis and treatment theory have developed in a variety of directions. The number of people dying from pancreatic cancer increases while the mortality rate of other common tumors decreases. Traditional imaging methods show the boundaries of pancreatic tumor, but they are not sufficient to judge early micrometastasis. Although carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen19-9 (CA19-9) have the obvious advantages of simplicity and minimal invasiveness, these biomarkers obviously lack sensitivity and specificity. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have attracted attention as a non-invasive, dynamic, and real-time liquid biopsy technique for analyzing tumor characteristics. With the continuous development of new CTCs enrichment technologies, substantial progress has been made in the basic research of CTCs clinical application prospects. In many metastatic cancers, CTCs have been studied as an independent prognostic factor. This article reviews the research progress of CTCs in the treatment and prognosis of pancreatic cancer.
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Kirchweger P, Wundsam HV, Rumpold H. Circulating tumor DNA for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of gastrointestinal malignancies. World J Clin Oncol 2022; 13:473-484. [PMID: 35949436 PMCID: PMC9244970 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v13.i6.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Minimally invasive detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in peripheral blood or other body fluids of patients with gastrointestinal malignancies via liquid biopsy has emerged as a promising biomarker. This is urgently needed, as conventional imaging and plasma protein-derived biomarkers lack sensitivity and specificity in prognosis, early detection of relapse or treatment monitoring. This review summarizes the potential role of liquid biopsy in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment monitoring of gastrointestinal malignancies, including upper gastrointestinal, liver, bile duct, pancreatic and colorectal cancer. CtDNA can now be part of the clinical routine as a promising, highly sensitive and specific biomarker with a broad range of applicability. Liquid-biopsy based postoperative relapse prediction could lead to improved survival by intensification of adjuvant treatment in patients identified to be at risk of early recurrence. Moreover, ctDNA allows monitoring of antineoplastic treatment success, with identification of potentially developed resistance or therapeutic targets during the course of treatment. It may also assist in early change of chemotherapy in metastatic gastrointestinal malignancies prior to imaging findings of relapse. Nevertheless, clinical utility is dependent on the tumor’s entity and burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Kirchweger
- Department of Surgery, Ordensklinikum Linz, Linz 4010, Austria
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Ordensklinikum Linz, Linz 4010, Austria
- Medical Faculty, JKU University Linz, Linz 4040, Austria
| | | | - Holger Rumpold
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Ordensklinikum Linz, Linz 4010, Austria
- Medical Faculty, JKU University Linz, Linz 4040, Austria
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21
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Götze J, Nitschke C, Uzunoglu FG, Pantel K, Sinn M, Wikman H. Tumor-Stroma Interaction in PDAC as a New Approach for Liquid Biopsy and its Potential Clinical Implications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:918795. [PMID: 35712663 PMCID: PMC9197075 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.918795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The extremely poor prognosis for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has remained unchanged for decades. As a hallmark of PDAC histology, the distinct desmoplastic response in the tumor microenvironment is considered a key factor exerting pro- and antitumor effects. Increasing emphasis has been placed on cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), whose heterogeneity and functional diversity is reflected in the numerous subtypes. The myofibroblastic CAFs (myCAFs), inflammatory CAFs (iCAFs) and antigen presenting CAFs (apCAFs) are functionally divergent CAF subtypes with tumor promoting as well as repressing effects. Precise knowledge of the underlying interactions is the basis for a variety of treatment approaches, which are subsumed under the term antistromal therapy. Clinical implementation is still pending due to the lack of benefit-as well as paradoxical preclinical findings. While the prominent significance of CAFs in the immediate environment of the tumor is becoming clear, less is known about the circulating (c)CAFs. cCAFs are of particular interest as they seem not only to be potential new liquid biopsy biomarkers but also to support the survival of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in the bloodstream. In PDAC, CTCs correlate with an unfavorable outcome and can also be employed to monitor treatment response, but the current clinical relevance is limited. In this review, we discuss CTCs, cCAFs, secretomes that include EVs or fragments of collagen turnover as liquid biopsy biomarkers, and clinical approaches to target tumor stroma in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Götze
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christine Nitschke
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Faik G Uzunoglu
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Institute of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marianne Sinn
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Harriet Wikman
- Institute of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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22
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Prognostic Implications of Portal Venous Circulating Tumor Cells in Resectable Pancreatic Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061289. [PMID: 35740311 PMCID: PMC9219704 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a promising prognostic biomarker for cancers. However, the paucity of CTCs in peripheral blood in early-stage cancer is a major challenge. Our study aimed to investigate whether portal venous CTCs can be a biomarker for early recurrence and poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer. Patients who underwent upfront curative surgery for resectable pancreatic cancer were consecutively enrolled in this prospective study. Intraoperatively, 7.5 mL of portal and peripheral blood was collected, and CTC detection and identification were performed using immunofluorescence staining. Peripheral blood CTC sampling was performed in 33 patients, of which portal vein CTC sampling was performed in 28. The median portal venous CTCs (2.5, interquartile ranges (IQR) 1−7.75) were significantly higher than the median peripheral venous CTCs (1, IQR 0−2, p < 0.001). Higher stage and regional lymph node metastasis were related with a larger number of CTCs (≥3) in portal venous blood. Patients with low portal venous CTCs (≤2) showed better overall (p = 0.002) and recurrence-free (p = 0.007) survival than those with high portal venous CTCs (≥3). If validated, portal CTCs can be used as a prognostic biomarker in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer.
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Gardner KP, Tsai S, Aldakkak M, Gironda S, Adams DL. CXCR4 expression in tumor associated cells in blood is prognostic for progression and survival in pancreatic cancer. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264763. [PMID: 35259193 PMCID: PMC8903256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aggressive nature and metastatic potential of pancreatic cancer (PC) results in poor prognosis and high mortality. A better understanding of the underlying biology of PC and the ability of tumor cells to spread to distant sites is needed to advance the treatment of PC. The chemokine receptor CXCR4 has been heavily implicated in the spread and mobility of many solid cancers based on its role in cancer cell chemotaxis as well as increased metastatic potential. To better elucidate CXCR4's role in the metastatic spread of PC, we examined its expression on various tumor associated cells (TACs) in the peripheral blood of PC patients, including circulating tumor cells (CTCs), epithelial to mesenchymal transition cells (EMTs), and cancer associated macrophage-like cells (CAMLs). In this pilot study, blood samples were procured from 30 PC patients prior to the start of therapeutic intent. CXCR4 expression was analyzed on TACs captured from the blood samples and evaluated in relation to cell migration as well as patient clinical outcomes. In total, CTCs, EMTs, and CAMLs were found in 27%, 60%, and 97% of PC patients, respectively. High CXCR4 expression in CTCs, CAMLs, and EMTs was found to significantly relate to their increased numbers in circulation. Further, higher expression of CXCR4 in CAMLs and EMTs was significantly related to faster progression and worse survival. These data suggest that CXCR4 expression in PC is strongly related to the intravasation and presence of TACs into circulation, as well as being a possible biomarker for aggressive metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirby P. Gardner
- Creatv MicroTech, Inc., Monmouth Junction, NJ, United States of America
- Rutgers University, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - Susan Tsai
- The Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Mohammed Aldakkak
- The Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Stephen Gironda
- Creatv MicroTech, Inc., Monmouth Junction, NJ, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Daniel L. Adams
- Creatv MicroTech, Inc., Monmouth Junction, NJ, United States of America
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Rupp B, Ball H, Wuchu F, Nagrath D, Nagrath S. Circulating tumor cells in precision medicine: challenges and opportunities. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2022; 43:378-391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Exploring the Clinical Utility of Pancreatic Cancer Circulating Tumor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031671. [PMID: 35163592 PMCID: PMC8836025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most frequent pancreatic cancer type, characterized by a dismal prognosis due to late diagnosis, frequent metastases, and limited therapeutic response to standard chemotherapy. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a rare subset of tumor cells found in the blood of cancer patients. CTCs has the potential utility for screening, early and definitive diagnosis, prognostic and predictive assessment, and offers the potential for personalized management. However, a gold-standard CTC detection and enrichment method remains elusive, hindering comprehensive comparisons between studies. In this review, we summarize data regarding the utility of CTCs at different stages of PDAC from early to metastatic disease and discuss the molecular profiling and culture of CTCs. The characterization of CTCs brings us closer to defining the specific CTC subpopulation responsible for metastasis with the potential to uncover new therapies and more effective management options for PDAC.
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Abdalla TSA, Almanfalouti V, Effenberger K, Uzunoglu FG, Ghadban T, Dupreé A, Izbicki JR, Pantel K, Reeh M. Evaluation of the Hamburg-Glasgow Classification in Pancreatic Cancer: Preoperative Staging by Combining Disseminated Tumor Load and Systemic Inflammation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235942. [PMID: 34885052 PMCID: PMC8657182 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to compare the Hamburg Glasgow Classification (HGC) to Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) classification in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). As adequate tumor classification is only possible after tumor resection and histological evaluation, only 20% of patients with PDAC receive accurate tumor staging. Thus, an accurate preoperative staging system is still missing but urgently needed. Systemic inflammation and tumor dissemination are important factors regarding the oncological outcome. HGC integrates both into a preoperative staging system, by combining C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, and disseminated tumor cells (DTC) in the bone marrow. In this prospective study, 109 patients underwent surgical exploration for suspected PDAC. All patients underwent a preoperative bone marrow aspiration for DTC detection. HGC showed significant preoperative risk stratification for overall survival (OS) (p-value < 0.001) and progression-free survival (PFS) (p-value < 0.001). These results were comparable to the UICC survival stratification for OS and PFS (p-value = 0.001 and 0.006). Additionally, in non-metastatic PDAC, HGC III-IV was associated with shorter OS and PFS (p-value < 0.001, respectively) when compared to HGC I-II. Therefore, the HGC is a promising preoperative prognostic staging classification for accurate and simple outcome stratification in patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaer S. A. Abdalla
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (T.S.A.A.); (V.A.); (F.G.U.); (T.G.); (A.D.); (J.R.I.)
| | - Valeria Almanfalouti
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (T.S.A.A.); (V.A.); (F.G.U.); (T.G.); (A.D.); (J.R.I.)
| | - Katharina Effenberger
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Cancer Center Hamburg, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (K.E.); (K.P.)
| | - Faik G. Uzunoglu
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (T.S.A.A.); (V.A.); (F.G.U.); (T.G.); (A.D.); (J.R.I.)
| | - Tarik Ghadban
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (T.S.A.A.); (V.A.); (F.G.U.); (T.G.); (A.D.); (J.R.I.)
| | - Anna Dupreé
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (T.S.A.A.); (V.A.); (F.G.U.); (T.G.); (A.D.); (J.R.I.)
| | - Jakob R. Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (T.S.A.A.); (V.A.); (F.G.U.); (T.G.); (A.D.); (J.R.I.)
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Cancer Center Hamburg, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (K.E.); (K.P.)
| | - Matthias Reeh
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (T.S.A.A.); (V.A.); (F.G.U.); (T.G.); (A.D.); (J.R.I.)
- Correspondence:
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Circulating Tumor Cell Clusters Are Cloaked with Platelets and Correlate with Poor Prognosis in Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215272. [PMID: 34771436 PMCID: PMC8582483 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are known to be heterogeneous and clustered with tumor-associated cells, such as macrophages, neutrophils, fibroblasts, and platelets. However, their molecular profile and clinical significance remain largely unknown. Thus, we aimed to perform a comprehensive gene expression analysis of single CTCs and CTC clusters in patients with pancreatic cancer and to identify their potential clinical relevance to provide personalized medicine. Epitope-independent, rapid (>3 mL of whole blood/min) isolation of single CTCs and CTC clusters was achieved from a prospective cohort of 16 patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer using a centrifugal microfluidic device. Forty-eight mRNA expressions of individual CTCs and CTC clusters were analyzed to identify pancreatic CTC phenotype. CTC clusters had a larger proportion of mesenchymal expression than single CTCs (p = 0.0004). The presence of CTC clusters positively correlated with poor prognosis (progression-free survival, p = 0.0159; overall survival, p = 0.0186). Furthermore, we found that most CTCs in these patients (90.7%) were cloaked with platelets and found the presence of a positive correlation between the increase in CTC clusters and rapid disease progression during follow-ups. Efficient CTC cluster isolation and analysis techniques will enhance the understanding of complex tumor metastasis processes and can facilitate personalized disease management.
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Perales S, Torres C, Jimenez-Luna C, Prados J, Martinez-Galan J, Sanchez-Manas JM, Caba O. Liquid biopsy approach to pancreatic cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:1263-1287. [PMID: 34721766 PMCID: PMC8529923 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i10.1263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) continues to pose a major clinical challenge. There has been little improvement in patient survival over the past few decades, and it is projected to become the second leading cause of cancer mortality by 2030. The dismal 5-year survival rate of less than 10% after the diagnosis is attributable to the lack of early symptoms, the absence of specific biomarkers for an early diagnosis, and the inadequacy of available chemotherapies. Most patients are diagnosed when the disease has already metastasized and cannot be treated. Cancer interception is vital, actively intervening in the malignization process before the development of a full-blown advanced tumor. An early diagnosis of PC has a dramatic impact on the survival of patients, and improved techniques are urgently needed to detect and evaluate this disease at an early stage. It is difficult to obtain tissue biopsies from the pancreas due to its anatomical position; however, liquid biopsies are readily available and can provide useful information for the diagnosis, prognosis, stratification, and follow-up of patients with PC and for the design of individually tailored treatments. The aim of this review was to provide an update of the latest advances in knowledge on the application of carbohydrates, proteins, cell-free nucleic acids, circulating tumor cells, metabolome compounds, exosomes, and platelets in blood as potential biomarkers for PC, focusing on their clinical relevance and potential for improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Perales
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Carolina Torres
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Cristina Jimenez-Luna
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada 18100, Spain
| | - Jose Prados
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada 18100, Spain
| | - Joaquina Martinez-Galan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada 18011, Spain
| | | | - Octavio Caba
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada 18100, Spain
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29
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Wang X, Hu L, Yang X, Chen F, Xu H, Yu H, Song Z, Fei J, Zhong Z. Clinical prognostic value of circulating tumor cells in the treatment of pancreatic cancer with gemcitabine chemotherapy. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1140. [PMID: 34504586 PMCID: PMC8394002 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly malignant tumor type with a high early metastasis rate and no obvious symptoms. Gemcitabine is a first-line chemotherapeutic drug for PC. Since there is no distinct method to determine the efficacy of chemotherapy with gemcitabine in patients with PC, the purpose of the present study was to determine whether positivity for circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patients with advanced PC is associated with response to gemcitabine chemotherapy and to explore whether CTCs may be used as a predictor of prognosis of patients with advanced PC undergoing chemotherapy. First, immunomagnetic microspheres (magnetic beads; MIL) were prepared to detect CTCs. The patients' clinical characteristics and survival data, as well as efficacy and adverse effects of chemotherapy, were prospectively obtained and their association with CTCs was analyzed. The results indicated that CTC-positive patients with advanced PC had a higher probability of developing resistance to gemcitabine chemotherapy than CTC-negative patients. Survival in the CTC-negative group was significantly higher than in the CTC-positive group (χ2=14.58, P<0.001). CTC-positive patients with advanced PC also had shorter progression-free survival (PFS) after chemotherapy with gemcitabine (P=0.01). In conclusion, CTC-positive patients with PC are more likely to develop gemcitabine resistance, have poor PFS and low incidence of thrombocytopenia. CTCs are expected to become a prognostic indicator for chemotherapy response in patients with PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Wang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Lingyu Hu
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodan Yang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Haokai Xu
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Yu
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Zhengwei Song
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Jianguo Fei
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Zhengxiang Zhong
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
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30
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Pappalardo A, Giunta EF, Tirino G, Pompella L, Federico P, Daniele B, De Vita F, Petrillo A. Adjuvant Treatment in Pancreatic Cancer: Shaping the Future of the Curative Setting. Front Oncol 2021; 11:695627. [PMID: 34485130 PMCID: PMC8415474 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.695627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease even in the early stages, despite progresses in surgical and pharmacological treatment in recent years. High potential for metastases is the main cause of therapeutic failure in localized disease, highlighting the current limited knowledge of underlying pathological processes. However, nowadays research is focusing on the search for personalized approaches also in the adjuvant setting for PDAC, by implementing the use of biomarkers and investigating new therapeutic targets. In this context, the aim of this narrative review is to summarize the current treatment scenario and new potential therapeutic approaches in early stage PDAC, from both a preclinical and clinical point of view. Additionally, the review examines the role of target therapies in localized PDAC and the influence of neoadjuvant treatments on survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Pappalardo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale del Mare, Naples, Italy
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of study of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Emilio Francesco Giunta
- Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale del Mare, Naples, Italy
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of study of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tirino
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of study of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Pompella
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of study of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Bruno Daniele
- Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale del Mare, Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando De Vita
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of study of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelica Petrillo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale del Mare, Naples, Italy
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of study of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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Wang S, Zheng Y, Yang F, Zhu L, Zhu XQ, Wang ZF, Wu XL, Zhou CH, Yan JY, Hu BY, Kong B, Fu DL, Bruns C, Zhao Y, Qin LX, Dong QZ. The molecular biology of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: translational challenges and clinical perspectives. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:249. [PMID: 34219130 PMCID: PMC8255319 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an increasingly common cause of cancer mortality with a tight correspondence between disease mortality and incidence. Furthermore, it is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage with a very dismal prognosis. Due to the high heterogeneity, metabolic reprogramming, and dense stromal environment associated with pancreatic cancer, patients benefit little from current conventional therapy. Recent insight into the biology and genetics of pancreatic cancer has supported its molecular classification, thus expanding clinical therapeutic options. In this review, we summarize how the biological features of pancreatic cancer and its metabolic reprogramming as well as the tumor microenvironment regulate its development and progression. We further discuss potential biomarkers for pancreatic cancer diagnosis, prediction, and surveillance based on novel liquid biopsies. We also outline recent advances in defining pancreatic cancer subtypes and subtype-specific therapeutic responses and current preclinical therapeutic models. Finally, we discuss prospects and challenges in the clinical development of pancreatic cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Zhu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhe-Fang Wang
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Xiao-Lin Wu
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Cheng-Hui Zhou
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jia-Yan Yan
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei-Yuan Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Kong
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - De-Liang Fu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Christiane Bruns
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yue Zhao
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Lun-Xiu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qiong-Zhu Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Key laboratory of whole-period monitoring and precise intervention of digestive cancer, Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (SMHC), Shanghai, China.
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Liberko M, Kolostova K, Szabo A, Gurlich R, Oliverius M, Soumarova R. Circulating Tumor Cells, Circulating Tumor DNA and Other Blood-based Prognostic Scores in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma - Mini-Review. In Vivo 2021; 35:31-39. [PMID: 33402447 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma represents a disease with increasing incidence. Its prognosis is the worst among all malignancies despite the aggressive combined multimodal treatment across all stages. In metastatic disease, median survival is approximatelly one year. The mainstay of treatment is chemotherapy (neo/adjuvant, palliative) and in selected subgroups of patients even radiotherapy. Nevertheless, nowadays there are very few prognostic and/or predictive biomarkers available that can be used to identify and better stratify patients based on risk to tailored treatment. Potentially, promising areas of research are circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA, which can be easily obtained from peripheral blood - so called liquid biopsy. They may serve as a tool to assess response to applied treatment, and to detect the emergence of treatment-resistant clones or early disease relapse. Moreover, their study may allow identification of potentially tumor-specific alterations, which may serve as target structures for targeted (tailored) therapy. Alternatively, different prognostic indexes/scores calculated by analysis of selected parameters of blood and/or biochemistry can be used to better stratify patients based on risk and better predict prognosis. The aim of this mini-review is to provide a basic overview of the current state of the art in this area and its potential significance for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Liberko
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohorady, Prague, Czech Republic; .,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Kolostova
- Department of Laboratory Genetics, Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Arpad Szabo
- Department of Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Gurlich
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Oliverius
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Soumarova
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohorady, Prague, Czech Republic.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Fallahi H, Yadav S, Phan HP, Ta H, Zhang J, Nguyen NT. Size-tuneable isolation of cancer cells using stretchable inertial microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:2008-2018. [PMID: 34008666 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00082a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Inertial microfluidics is a simple, low cost, efficient size-based separation technique which is being widely investigated for rare-cell isolation and detection. Due to the fixed geometrical dimensions of the current rigid inertial microfluidic systems, most of them are only capable of isolating and separating cells with certain types and sizes. Herein, we report the design, fabrication, and validation of a stretchable inertial microfluidic device with a tuneable separation threshold that can be used for heterogenous mixtures of particles and cells. Stretchability allows for the fine-tuning of the critical sorting size, resulting in a high separation resolution that makes the separation of cells with small size differences possible. We validated the tunability of the separation threshold by stretching the length of a microchannel to separate the particle sizes of interest. We also evaluated the focusing efficiency, flow behaviour, and the positions of cancer cells and white blood cells (WBCs) in an elongated channel, separately. In addition, the performance of the device was verified by isolating cancer cells from WBCs which revealed a high recovery rate and purity. The stretchable chip showed promising results in the separation of cells with comparable sizes. Further validation of the chip using whole blood spiked with cancer cells delivered a 98.6% recovery rate with 90% purity. Elongating a stretchable microfluidic chip enables onsite modification of the dimensions of a microchannel leading to a precise tunability of the separation threshold as well as a high separation resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedieh Fallahi
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Sharda Yadav
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Hoang-Phuong Phan
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Hang Ta
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
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34
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Smit DJ, Pantel K, Jücker M. Circulating tumor cells as a promising target for individualized drug susceptibility tests in cancer therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 188:114589. [PMID: 33932470 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play a crucial role in metastasis and became an emerging topic in today's cancer research. In addition, the analysis of CTCs in liquid biopsies will be a valuable tool for prognosis prediction and real time therapy monitoring. The characterization of CTCs may open up a new field of treatment strategy to prevent metastasis or maintain a stable disease. In 2013, the first cell cultures of CTCs have been established in vitro. Additionally, functional studies have been successfully performed over the last years. Meanwhile, more than 300 short-term CTC cultures and 42 long-term CTC cultures from a variety of tumor entities have been described. More than 45 inhibitors have already been tested for their efficacy to target CTCs in several studies in vitro as well as in xenograft mouse models in vivo. Here, we summarize the currently available data of these inhibition experiments and their effects in targeting CTCs. The results suggest that CTCs may be useful for individualized drug susceptibility testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Smit
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Jücker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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Jiang SS, Mao CG, Feng YG, Jiang B, Tao SL, Tan QY, Deng B. Circulating tumor cells with epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of lung cancer. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:2721-2730. [PMID: 33969055 PMCID: PMC8058682 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i12.2721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can be clustered into three subtypes according to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers: CTCs with epithelial markers (E-CTCs), CTCs with mesenchymal markers (M-CTCs), and CTCs with both markers (E&M-CTCs). CTC detection has clinical implications in the diagnosis of lung cancer (LC).
AIM To clarify the diagnostic value of CTCs categorized by EMT markers in LC.
METHODS The study included 106 patients with lung adenocarcinoma, including 42 ground-glass opacities (GGO) and 64 solid lesions, who underwent surgery between July 2015 and December 2019. Eleven patients with benign tumors and seventeen healthy controls were included. CTCs in peripheral blood and associated EMT markers were detected preoperatively using the CanPatrolTM technique. The diagnostic power of CTCs for discriminating LC cases from controls was analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The CytoploRare technique was used in 20 cases and 18 controls for validation, and Kappa values were calculated to evaluate consistency between techniques.
RESULTS Of the 106 LC cases, 94 (89.6%) had at least one CTC. CTCs were detectable in 35 (83.3%) of 42 GGO cases. Total CTCs and E&M-CTCs were significantly more frequent in LC cases than in benign or healthy controls. The proportion of M-CTCs plus E&M-CTCs increased gradually from healthy controls, to benign controls, to LC cases. The area under the ROC curve of total CTCs and E&M-CTCs was > 0.8 and > 10.75, respectively. The combined sensitivity of total-CTCs and E&M-CTCs was 85.85% for LC patients (80.95% for GGO patients) and the specificity was 78.57%. The Kappa value was 0.415, indicating relative consistency between CanPatrolTM and CytoploRare.
CONCLUSION CTC detection is valuable for distinguishing LC from controls, and particularly E&M-CTC detection warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha-Sha Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Chun-Guo Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yong-Geng Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Shao-Lin Tao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Qun-You Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
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Alix-Panabières C, Pantel K. Liquid Biopsy: From Discovery to Clinical Application. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:858-873. [PMID: 33811121 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 122.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 10 years, circulating tumor cells (CTC) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) have received enormous attention as new biomarkers and subjects of translational research. Although both biomarkers are already used in numerous clinical trials, their clinical utility is still under investigation with promising first results. Clinical applications include early cancer detection, improved cancer staging, early detection of relapse, real-time monitoring of therapeutic efficacy, and detection of therapeutic targets and resistance mechanisms. Here, we propose a conceptual framework of CTC and ctDNA assays and point out current challenges of CTC and ctDNA research, which might structure this dynamic field of translational cancer research. SIGNIFICANCE: The analysis of blood for CTCs or cell-free nucleic acids called "liquid biopsy" has opened new avenues for cancer diagnostics, including early detection of tumors, improved risk assessment and staging, as well as early detection of relapse and monitoring of tumor evolution in the context of cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Alix-Panabières
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Centre of Montpellier, Montpellier, France. .,CREEC/CANECEV, MIVEGEC (CREES), University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Al-Shaheri FN, Alhamdani MSS, Bauer AS, Giese N, Büchler MW, Hackert T, Hoheisel JD. Blood biomarkers for differential diagnosis and early detection of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2021; 96:102193. [PMID: 33865174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2021.102193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is currently the most lethal tumor entity and case numbers are rising. It will soon be the second most frequent cause of cancer-related death in the Western world. Mortality is close to incidence and patient survival after diagnosis stands at about five months. Blood-based diagnostics could be one crucial factor for improving this dismal situation and is at a stage that could make this possible. Here, we are reviewing the current state of affairs with its problems and promises, looking at various molecule types. Reported results are evaluated in the overall context. Also, we are proposing steps toward clinical utility that should advance the development toward clinical application by improving biomarker quality but also by defining distinct clinical objectives and the respective diagnostic accuracies required to achieve them. Many of the discussed points and conclusions are highly relevant to other solid tumors, too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawaz N Al-Shaheri
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Mohamed S S Alhamdani
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea S Bauer
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathalia Giese
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus W Büchler
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg D Hoheisel
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Gardner KP, Aldakkak M, Tang CM, Tsai S, Adams DL. Circulating stromal cells in resectable pancreatic cancer correlates to pathological stage and predicts for poor clinical outcomes. NPJ Precis Oncol 2021; 5:25. [PMID: 33742084 PMCID: PMC7979885 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-021-00161-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is notoriously difficult to diagnosis and properly stage resulting in incorrect primary treatment. Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are desperately needed to more accurately stage patients and select proper treatments. Recently, a newly discovered circulating stromal cell, i.e. cancer associated macrophage-like cell (CAML), was found to accurately identify solid cancers and predict for worse prognosis. In this pilot study, blood samples were procured from 63 PC patients prior to start of therapeutic intent. CAMLs were found in 95% of samples tested, with ≥12 CAMLs/7.5 mL and ≥50 µm CAMLs both predicting for advanced pathological stage and progression free survival. These data suggest that CAML assessment prior to treatment of PC predicts patients with under-staged disease and with more aggressive PC less likely to respond to standard of care treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirby P Gardner
- Creatv MicroTech, Inc., Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA.,Rutgers University, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Susan Tsai
- The Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Cheng ML, Pectasides E, Hanna GJ, Parsons HA, Choudhury AD, Oxnard GR. Circulating tumor DNA in advanced solid tumors: Clinical relevance and future directions. CA Cancer J Clin 2021; 71:176-190. [PMID: 33165928 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of genomic profiling assays using plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is rapidly evolving in the management of patients with advanced solid tumors. Diverse plasma ctDNA technologies in both commercial and academic laboratories are in routine or emerging use. The increasing integration of such testing to inform treatment decision making by oncology clinicians has complexities and challenges but holds significant potential to substantially improve patient outcomes. In this review, the authors discuss the current role of plasma ctDNA assays in oncology care and provide an overview of ongoing research that may inform real-world clinical applications in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Cheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eirini Pectasides
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Glenn J Hanna
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Heather A Parsons
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Atish D Choudhury
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Geoffrey R Oxnard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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40
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Preoperative CTC-Detection by CellSearch ® Is Associated with Early Distant Metastasis and Impaired Survival in Resected Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030485. [PMID: 33513877 PMCID: PMC7865868 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with presumed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), biomarkers that may open for personalised, risk-adapted treatment are lacking. The study analysed the impact of CTCs-presence on the patterns of recurrence and survival in 98 patients resected for PDAC with 5-10 years of follow-up. Preoperative samples were analysed by the CellSearch® system for EpCAM+/DAPI+/CK+/CD45-CTCs. CTCs were detected in 7 of the 98 patients. CTCs predicted a significantly shorter median disease-free survival (DFS) of 3.3 vs. 9.2 months and a median cancer specific survival (CSS)of 6.3 vs. 18.5 months. Relapse status was confirmed by imaging for 87 patients. Of these, 58 patients developed distant metastases (DM) and 29 developed isolated local recurrence (ILR) as the first sign of cancer relapse. All patients with CTCs experienced DM. pN-status and histological grade >2 were other independent risk factors for DM, but only CTCs predicted significantly shorter cancer-specific, disease-free and post-recurrence survival. Preoperative parameters did not affect clinical outcome. We conclude that CTC presence in resected PDAC patients predicted early distant metastasis and impaired survival. Preoperative CTCs alone or in combination with histopathological factors may guide initial treatment decisions in patients with resectable PDAC in the future.
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Pang TCY, Po JW, Becker TM, Goldstein D, Pirola RC, Wilson JS, Apte MV. Circulating tumour cells in pancreatic cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinicopathological implications. Pancreatology 2021; 21:103-114. [PMID: 33309014 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2020.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The detection and quantification of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in pancreatic cancer (PC) has the potential to provide prognostic information. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of the literature surrounding CTCs in PC. METHODS A systematic literature review on CTCs in PC between 2005-2020 was performed. Data based on peripheral vein samples were used to determine the positivity rate of CTCs, their prognostic significance and their relative numbers compared to portal vein (PV) samples. RESULTS The overall CTC detection rate in forty-four articles was 65% (95%CI: 55-75%). Detection rate for CellSearch was 26% (95%CI: 14-38%), which was lower than for both filtration and microfluidic techniques. In nine studies with >50 patients, overall survival was worse with CTC positivity (HR 1.82; 95%CI: 1.61-2.05). Five of seven studies which described PV CTC collection provided patient-level data. PV CTC yield was 7.7-fold (95%CI 1.35-43.9) that of peripheral blood. CONCLUSIONS CTCs were detected in the peripheral circulation of most patients with PC and may be related to prognosis and disease stage. PV blood contains more CTCs than peripheral blood sampling. This review points to the maturation of techniques of CTC enrichment, and its evidence base for eventual clinical deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony C Y Pang
- Pancreatic Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Australia; Surgical Innovations Unit, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia; Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Joseph W Po
- Centre for Circulating Tumour Cell Diagnostics and Research, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, South Western Clinical School, University of New South Wales, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Australia; Surgical Innovations Unit, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia; Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Therese M Becker
- Centre for Circulating Tumour Cell Diagnostics and Research, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, South Western Clinical School, University of New South Wales, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Australia
| | - David Goldstein
- Pancreatic Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Romano C Pirola
- Pancreatic Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jeremy S Wilson
- Pancreatic Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Minoti V Apte
- Pancreatic Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Australia.
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Wang X, Qiu Z, Ji X, Ning W, An Y, Wang S, Zhang H. A novel workflow for cancer blood biomarker identification. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1430. [PMID: 33313175 PMCID: PMC7723582 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-2047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Over the last few years, great progress has been made in the development of key technologies to detect peripheral blood-based, tumor-specific biomarkers, such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating cell free tumor DNA (ctDNA). Despite the considerable advances and their multiple clinical values, liquid biopsies are challenged by the very low concentrations of CTCs and ctDNA in blood samples. Additionally, blood biomarkers which were found using data-driven methods may only be effective in few datasets. Methods We firstly collected the genes which have expression correlations between blood and the other tissues/organs using Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx). Survival hazard genes and differential expression genes of each cancer type in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were then selected by Cox regression model and Wilcoxon rank sum test, respectively. By combining the P values of two steps, several blood biomarkers can be inferred for each cancer type. After applying these potential blood biomarker sets to 13 datasets of blood samples from solid tumor patients using single sample gene set enrichment analyses (ssGSEA), we got an enrichment score (ES) for each sample. Results The inferred blood biomarker (BB infer) genes showed reliable predictive value in various malignancies. In all the blood samples that were analyzed, the ESs of positive BB Infer genes in cancer patients are higher than healthy people. Conversely, the ESs of negative BB Infer genes in cancer patients are lower than healthy people. Furthermore, lower ES of negative BB infer genes signify the dismal outcome of patients. Conclusions We developed a novel solid tumor blood biomarker inference workflow for cancer screening and diagnosis. Moreover, we demonstrated the utility of this inference method in a series of blood sample datasets of solid tumor patients. These results suggested the potential value of this method in the screening, diagnosis and prognosis of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangwen Ji
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Center for Noncoding RNA Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weihai Ning
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yihua An
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shengdian Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Yee NS, Zhang S, He HZ, Zheng SY. Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Biomarkers for Early Detection and Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120581. [PMID: 33297544 PMCID: PMC7762339 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic carcinoma (PC) is highly metastatic, and it tends to be detected at advanced stages. Identifying and developing biomarkers for early detection of PC is crucial for a potentially curative treatment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are bilayer lipid membrane-structured nanovesicles found in various human bodily fluids, and they play important roles in tumor biogenesis and metastasis. Cancer-derived EVs are enriched with DNA, RNA, protein, and lipid, and they have emerged as attractive diagnostic biomarkers for early detection of PC. In this article, we provided an overview of the cell biology of EVs and their isolation and analysis, and their roles in cancer pathogenesis and progression. Multiplatform analyses of plasma-based exosomes for genomic DNA, micro RNA, mRNA, circular RNA, and protein for diagnosis of PC were critically reviewed. Numerous lines of evidence demonstrate that liquid biopsy with analysis of EV-based biomarkers has variable performance for diagnosis of PC. Future investigation is indicated to optimize the methodology for isolating and analyzing EVs and to identify the combination of EV-based biomarkers and other clinical datasets, with the goal of improving the predictive value, sensitivity, and specificity of screening tests for early detection and diagnosis of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson S. Yee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Next-Generation Therapies Program, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Correspondence: (N.S.Y.); (H.-Z.H.); (S.-Y.Z.); Tel.: +1-717-531-8678 (N.S.Y.); +1-949-878-2679 (H.-Z.H.); +1-412-268-3684 (S.-Y.Z.)
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Micro & Nano Integrated Biosystem Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - Hong-Zhang He
- Micro & Nano Integrated Biosystem Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
- Captis Diagnostics, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Correspondence: (N.S.Y.); (H.-Z.H.); (S.-Y.Z.); Tel.: +1-717-531-8678 (N.S.Y.); +1-949-878-2679 (H.-Z.H.); +1-412-268-3684 (S.-Y.Z.)
| | - Si-Yang Zheng
- Micro & Nano Integrated Biosystem Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
- Correspondence: (N.S.Y.); (H.-Z.H.); (S.-Y.Z.); Tel.: +1-717-531-8678 (N.S.Y.); +1-949-878-2679 (H.-Z.H.); +1-412-268-3684 (S.-Y.Z.)
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Revenco T, Nicodème A, Pastushenko I, Sznurkowska MK, Latil M, Sotiropoulou PA, Dubois C, Moers V, Lemaire S, de Maertelaer V, Blanpain C. Context Dependency of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition for Metastasis. Cell Rep 2020; 29:1458-1468.e3. [PMID: 31693888 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been proposed to be important for metastatic dissemination. However, recent studies have challenged the requirement of EMT for metastasis. Here, we assessed in different models of primary skin squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) whether EMT is associated with metastasis. The incidence of metastasis was much higher in SCCs presenting EMT compared to SCCs without EMT, supporting the notion that a certain degree of EMT is required to initiate the metastatic cascade in primary skin SCCs. Most circulating tumor cells presented EMT, whereas most lung metastasis did not present EMT, showing that mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition is important for metastatic colonization. In contrast, immunodeficient mice transplanted with SCCs, whether displaying EMT or not, presented metastasis. Altogether, our data demonstrate that the association of EMT and metastasis is model dependent, and metastasis of primary skin SCCs is associated with EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Revenco
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Adeline Nicodème
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Ievgenia Pastushenko
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | | | - Mathilde Latil
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | | | - Christine Dubois
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Virginie Moers
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Sophie Lemaire
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | | | - Cédric Blanpain
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1070, Belgium; WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1070, Belgium.
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Frappart PO, Hofmann TG. Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) Organoids: The Shining Light at the End of the Tunnel for Drug Response Prediction and Personalized Medicine. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102750. [PMID: 32987786 PMCID: PMC7598647 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) causes massive medical problems because of late diagnosis and limited responsiveness to standard chemotherapeutic treatments. This makes PDAC one of the major causes of death by cancer. To address this problem, novel tools for early diagnosis and therapy are needed. The recent development of PDAC organoids, which represent micro-scale mini-tumors, offers promising new options for personalized drug-testing based on primary PDAC patient material. This overview article summarizes and discusses the current state-of-the-art in exploiting the organoid technology to improve clinical management of PDAC. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents 90% of pancreatic malignancies. In contrast to many other tumor entities, the prognosis of PDAC has not significantly improved during the past thirty years. Patients are often diagnosed too late, leading to an overall five-year survival rate below 10%. More dramatically, PDAC cases are on the rise and it is expected to become the second leading cause of death by cancer in western countries by 2030. Currently, the use of gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel or FOLFIRINOX remains the standard chemotherapy treatment but still with limited efficiency. There is an urgent need for the development of early diagnostic and therapeutic tools. To this point, in the past 5 years, organoid technology has emerged as a revolution in the field of PDAC personalized medicine. Here, we are reviewing and discussing the current technical and scientific knowledge on PDAC organoids, their future perspectives, and how they can represent a game change in the fight against PDAC by improving both diagnosis and treatment options.
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Smit DJ, Cayrefourcq L, Haider MT, Hinz N, Pantel K, Alix-Panabières C, Jücker M. High Sensitivity of Circulating Tumor Cells Derived from a Colorectal Cancer Patient for Dual Inhibition with AKT and mTOR Inhibitors. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092129. [PMID: 32962206 PMCID: PMC7566012 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cells shed from the primary tumor into the bloodstream. While many studies on solid tumor cells exist, data on CTCs are scarce. The mortality of cancer is mostly associated with metastasis and recent research identified CTCs as initiators of metastasis. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is an intracellular pathway that regulates essential functions including protein biosynthesis, cell growth, cell cycle control, survival and migration. Importantly, activating oncogenic mutations and amplifications in this pathway are frequently observed in a wide variety of cancer entities, underlining the significance of this signaling pathway. In this study, we analyzed the functional role of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in the CTC-MCC-41 line, derived from a patient with metastatic colorectal cancer. One striking finding in our study was the strong sensitivity of this CTC line against AKT inhibition using MK2206 and mTOR inhibition using RAD001 within the nanomolar range. This suggests that therapies targeting AKT and mTOR could have been beneficial for the patient from which the CTC line was isolated. Additionally, a dual targeting approach of AKT/mTOR inside the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in the colorectal CTCs showed synergistic effects in vitro. Depending on the phenotypical behavior of CTC-MCC-41 in cell culture (adherent vs. suspension), we identified altered phosphorylation levels inside the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. We observed a downregulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, but not of the RAS/RAF/MAPK pathway, in CTCs growing in suspension in comparison to adherent CTCs. Our results highlight distinct functions of AKT isoforms in CTC-MCC-41 cells with respect to cell proliferation. Knockdown of AKT1 and AKT2 leads to significantly impaired proliferation of CTC-MCC-41 cells in vitro. Therefore, our data demonstrate that the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway plays a key role in the proliferation of CTC-MCC-41.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Smit
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (D.J.S.); (N.H.)
| | - Laure Cayrefourcq
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Center of Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France; (L.C.); (C.A.-P.)
| | - Marie-Therese Haider
- Molecular Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Nico Hinz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (D.J.S.); (N.H.)
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Catherine Alix-Panabières
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Center of Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France; (L.C.); (C.A.-P.)
| | - Manfred Jücker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (D.J.S.); (N.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-40-7410-56339
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47
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Yu J, Gemenetzis G, Kinny-Köster B, Habib JR, Groot VP, Teinor J, Yin L, Pu N, Hasanain A, van Oosten F, Javed AA, Weiss MJ, Burkhart RA, Burns WR, Goggins M, He J, Wolfgang CL. Pancreatic circulating tumor cell detection by targeted single-cell next-generation sequencing. Cancer Lett 2020; 493:245-253. [PMID: 32896616 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Single-cell next-generation sequencing (scNGS) technology has been widely used in genomic profiling, which relies on whole-genome amplification (WGA). However, WGA introduces errors and is especially less accurate when applied to single nucleotide variant (SNV) analysis. Targeted scNGS for SNV without WGA has not been described. We aimed to develop a method to detect circulating tumor cells (CTCs) with DNA SNVs. METHODS We tested this targeted scNGS method with three driver mutant genes (KRAS/TP53/SMAD4) on one pancreatic cancer cell line AsPC-1 and then applied it to patients with metastatic PDAC for the validation. RESULTS All single-cell of AsPC-1 and spiked-in AsPC-1 cells in healthy donor blood, which were isolated by the filtration with size or by flow cytometry, were detected by targeted scNGS method. All blood samples from six patients with metastatic PDAC, for the validation of target scNGS method, showed CTCs with SNVs of KRAS/TP53/SMAD4 and the positive confirmation of immunofluorescent stainings with Pan-CK/Vimentin/CD45. Four patients with early stage disease, one patient with benign pancreatic cyst and a healthy control sample all showed concordant results between targeted scNGS and CTC enumeration. CONCLUSIONS The novel technique of targeted scNGS for SNV analysis, without pre-amplification, is a promising method for identifying and characterizing circulating tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yu
- Departments of Surgery, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Georgios Gemenetzis
- Departments of Surgery, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Benedict Kinny-Köster
- Departments of Surgery, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph R Habib
- Departments of Surgery, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vincent P Groot
- Departments of Surgery, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Teinor
- Departments of Surgery, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lingdi Yin
- Departments of Surgery, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ning Pu
- Departments of Surgery, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alina Hasanain
- Departments of Surgery, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Floortje van Oosten
- Departments of Surgery, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ammar A Javed
- Departments of Surgery, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew J Weiss
- Departments of Surgery, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard A Burkhart
- Departments of Surgery, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Departments of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William R Burns
- Departments of Surgery, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Departments of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Goggins
- Departments of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Departments of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Departments of Medicine, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jin He
- Departments of Surgery, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Departments of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Christopher L Wolfgang
- Departments of Surgery, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Departments of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Departments of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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48
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Ahrens TD, Bang-Christensen SR, Jørgensen AM, Løppke C, Spliid CB, Sand NT, Clausen TM, Salanti A, Agerbæk MØ. The Role of Proteoglycans in Cancer Metastasis and Circulating Tumor Cell Analysis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:749. [PMID: 32984308 PMCID: PMC7479181 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are accessible by liquid biopsies via an easy blood draw. They represent not only the primary tumor site, but also potential metastatic lesions, and could thus be an attractive supplement for cancer diagnostics. However, the analysis of rare CTCs in billions of normal blood cells is still technically challenging and novel specific CTC markers are needed. The formation of metastasis is a complex process supported by numerous molecular alterations, and thus novel CTC markers might be found by focusing on this process. One example of this is specific changes in the cancer cell glycocalyx, which is a network on the cell surface composed of carbohydrate structures. Proteoglycans are important glycocalyx components and consist of a protein core and covalently attached long glycosaminoglycan chains. A few CTC assays have already utilized proteoglycans for both enrichment and analysis of CTCs. Nonetheless, the biological function of proteoglycans on clinical CTCs has not been studied in detail so far. Therefore, the present review describes proteoglycan functions during the metastatic cascade to highlight their importance to CTCs. We also outline current approaches for CTC assays based on targeting proteoglycans by their protein cores or their glycosaminoglycan chains. Lastly, we briefly discuss important technical aspects, which should be considered for studying proteoglycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa D Ahrens
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara R Bang-Christensen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- VarCT Diagnostics, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Caroline Løppke
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte B Spliid
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Nicolai T Sand
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas M Clausen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ali Salanti
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Ø Agerbæk
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- VarCT Diagnostics, Copenhagen, Denmark
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49
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Yang Z, LaRiviere MJ, Ko J, Till JE, Christensen T, Yee SS, Black TA, Tien K, Lin A, Shen H, Bhagwat N, Herman D, Adallah A, O'Hara MH, Vollmer CM, Katona BW, Stanger BZ, Issadore D, Carpenter EL. A Multianalyte Panel Consisting of Extracellular Vesicle miRNAs and mRNAs, cfDNA, and CA19-9 Shows Utility for Diagnosis and Staging of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:3248-3258. [PMID: 32299821 PMCID: PMC7334066 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-3313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether a multianalyte liquid biopsy can improve the detection and staging of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We analyzed plasma from 204 subjects (71 healthy, 44 non-PDAC pancreatic disease, and 89 PDAC) for the following biomarkers: tumor-associated extracellular vesicle miRNA and mRNA isolated on a nanomagnetic platform that we developed and measured by next-generation sequencing or qPCR, circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) concentration measured by qPCR, ccfDNA KRAS G12D/V/R mutations detected by droplet digital PCR, and CA19-9 measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. We applied machine learning to training sets and subsequently evaluated model performance in independent, user-blinded test sets. RESULTS To identify patients with PDAC versus those without, we generated a classification model using a training set of 47 subjects (20 PDAC and 27 noncancer). When applied to a blinded test set (N = 136), the model achieved an AUC of 0.95 and accuracy of 92%, superior to the best individual biomarker, CA19-9 (89%). We next used a cohort of 20 patients with PDAC to train our model for disease staging and applied it to a blinded test set of 25 patients clinically staged by imaging as metastasis-free, including 9 subsequently determined to have had occult metastasis. Our workflow achieved significantly higher accuracy for disease staging (84%) than imaging alone (accuracy = 64%; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Algorithmically combining blood-based biomarkers may improve PDAC diagnostic accuracy and preoperative identification of nonmetastatic patients best suited for surgery, although larger validation studies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael J LaRiviere
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jina Ko
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jacob E Till
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Theresa Christensen
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephanie S Yee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Taylor A Black
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kyle Tien
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hanfei Shen
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Neha Bhagwat
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel Herman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew Adallah
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark H O'Hara
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Charles M Vollmer
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bryson W Katona
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ben Z Stanger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David Issadore
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Erica L Carpenter
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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50
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Hugenschmidt H, Labori KJ, Brunborg C, Verbeke CS, Seeberg LT, Schirmer CB, Renolen A, Borgen EF, Naume B, Wiedswang G. Circulating Tumor Cells are an Independent Predictor of Shorter Survival in Patients Undergoing Resection for Pancreatic and Periampullary Adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg 2020; 271:549-558. [PMID: 30216219 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000003035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated the prognostic impact of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) for patients with presumed resectable pancreatic and periampullary cancers. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Initial treatment decisions for this group are currently taken without a reliable prognostic marker. The CellSearch system allows standardized CTC-testing and has shown excellent specificity and prognostic value in other applications. METHODS Preoperative blood samples from 242 patients between September 2009 and December 2014 were analyzed. One hundred seventy-nine patients underwent tumor resection, of whom 30 with stage-I tumors and duodenal cancer were assigned to the low-risk group, and the others to the high-risk group. Further 33 had advanced disease, 30 benign histology. Observation ended in December 2016. Cancer-specific survival (CSS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were calculated by log-rank and Cox regression. RESULTS CTCs (CTC-positive; ≥1 CTC/7.5 mL) were detected in 6.8% (10/147) of the high-risk patients and 6.2% (2/33) with advanced disease. No CTCs (CTC-negative) were detected in the low-risk patients or benign disease. In high-risk patients, median CSS for CTC-positive versus CTC-negative was 8.1 versus 20.0 months (P < 0.0001), and DFS 4.0 versus 10.5 months (P < 0.001). Median CSS in advanced disease was 7.7 months. Univariate hazard ratio (HR) of CTC-positivity was 3.4 (P < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, CTC-status remained independent (HR: 2.4, P = 0.009) when corrected for histological type (HR: 2.7, P = 0.030), nodal status (HR: 1.7, P = 0.016), and vascular infiltration (HR: 1.7, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Patients testing CTC-positive preoperatively showed a detrimental outcome despite successful tumor resections. Although the low CTC-rate seems a limiting factor, results indicate high specificity. Thus, preoperative analysis of CTCs by this test may guide treatment decisions and warrants further testing in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Hugenschmidt
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Transplantation Surgery, Division of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of GI-Surgery, Division of Surgery and Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Jørgen Labori
- Department of GI-Surgery, Division of Surgery and Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Brunborg
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Caroline Sophie Verbeke
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Thomas Seeberg
- Department of GI-Surgery, Division of Surgery and Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | | | - Anne Renolen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Bjørn Naume
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gro Wiedswang
- Department of GI-Surgery, Division of Surgery and Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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