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Yan M, Zhang Z, Wang L, Huang H, Wang J, Zhu C, Li Z, Xu Z. Cross-talk of Three Molecular Subtypes of Telomere Maintenance Defines Clinical Characteristics and Tumor Microenvironment in Gastric Cancer. J Cancer 2024; 15:3227-3241. [PMID: 38706908 PMCID: PMC11064253 DOI: 10.7150/jca.92207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Telomere maintenance takes part in the regulation of gastric cancer (GC) pathogenesis and is essential for patients' clinical features. Though the correlation between a single telomere maintenance-related gene and GC has previously been published, comprehensive exploration and systematic analysis remain to be studied. Our study is aimed at determining telomere maintenance-related molecular subtypes and examining their role in GC. Methods: By analyzing the transcriptome data, we identified three telomere maintenance-associated clusters (TMCs) with heterogeneity in clinical features and tumor microenvironment (TME). Then, we screened five prognostic telomere maintenance-related genes and established corresponding TM scores. Additionally, the expression level and biological function of tubulin beta 6 class V (TUBB6) were validated in GC tissues and cells. Results: TMC1 was correlated with EMT and TGF-beta pathway and predicted low tumor mutation burden (TMB) as well as bad prognostic outcomes. TMC3 was associated with cell cycle and DNA repair. In terms of TMB and overall survival, TMC3 exhibited opposite results against TMC1. Significant heterogeneity was observed between TMCs. TUBB6 was upregulated and could promote GC proliferation, migration, and invasion. Conclusion: Altogether, combining bioinformatics and functional experiments, we identified three molecular subtypes based on telomere maintenance-associated genes in GC, which could bring new ideas and novel biomarkers to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengpei Yan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongxin Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jihuan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chengjun Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- The Institute of Gastric Cancer, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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2
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Wen S, Zou R, Du X, Pan R, Li R, Xia J, Xu C, Wang R, Jiang F, Zhou G, Feng J, Zhu M, Wang X, Shen B. Identification of macrophage-related genes correlated with prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27170. [PMID: 38500993 PMCID: PMC10945138 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant tumours, particularly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), pose a significant threat to human health due to their prevalence and lethality. Treatment methods for NSCLC vary greatly among individuals, making it crucial to identify predictive markers. Moreover, during tumour initiation and progression, tumour cells can release signaling molecules to induce polarization of macrophages towards a more tumour friendly M2 phenotype, which can promote tumour growth, metastasis, and drug resistance. Methods We employed a comprehensive approach, combining bulk RNA-seq and single-cell sequencing analysis. Results In our study, we used bulk RNA-seq and single-cell sequencing methods to analyze differential cells in NSCLC and adjacent tissues, searching for relevant marker genes that can predict prognosis and drug efficacy. We scrutinized biological phenomena such as macrophage-related gene methylation, copy number variation, and alternative splicing. Additionally, we utilized a co-culture technique of immune and tumour cells to explore the role of these genes in macrophage polarization. Our findings revealed distinct differences in macrophages between cancerous and adjacent tissues. We identified ANP32A, CCL20, ERAP2, MYD88, TMEM126B, TUBB6, and ZNF655 as macrophage-related genes that correlate with NSCLC patient prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy. Notably, ERAP2, TUBB6, CCL20, and TMEM126B can induce macrophage M0 to M2 polarization, promoting tumour proliferation. Conclusion These findings significantly contribute to our understanding of the NSCLC tumour immune microenvironment. They pave the way for further research into the potential of these genes as targets for regulating tumour occurrence and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaoyue Du
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Jiangsu, Nanjing 21000, China
| | - Rongtian Pan
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Jiangsu, Nanjing 21000, China
| | - Rutao Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Jiangsu, Nanjing 21000, China
| | - Jingwei Xia
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Jiangsu, Nanjing 21000, China
| | - Cong Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Jiangsu, Nanjing 21000, China
| | - Ruotong Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Jiangsu, Nanjing 21000, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Jiangsu, Nanjing 21000, China
| | - Guoren Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Jiangsu, Nanjing 21000, China
| | - Jifeng Feng
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Jiangsu, Nanjing 21000, China
| | - Miaolin Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Jiangsu, Nanjing 21000, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Jiangsu, Nanjing 21000, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Jiangsu, Nanjing 21000, China
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3
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Greenwood A, Woodruff ER, Nguyen C, Piper C, Clauset A, Brubaker LW, Behbakht K, Bitler BG. Early Ovarian Cancer Detection in the Age of Fallopian Tube Precursors: A Systematic Review. Obstet Gynecol 2024; 143:e63-e77. [PMID: 38176019 PMCID: PMC10922166 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000005496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine biomarkers other than CA 125 that could be used in identifying early-stage ovarian cancer. DATA SOURCES Ovid MEDLINE ALL, EMBASE, Web of Science Core Collection, ScienceDirect, Clinicaltrials.gov , and CAB Direct were searched for English-language studies between January 2008 and April 2023 for the concepts of high-grade serous ovarian cancer, testing, and prevention or early diagnosis. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION The 5,523 related articles were uploaded to Covidence. Screening by two independent reviewers of the article abstracts led to the identification of 245 peer-reviewed primary research articles for full-text review. Full-text review by those reviewers led to the identification of 131 peer-reviewed primary research articles used for this review. TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS Of 131 studies, only 55 reported sensitivity, specificity, or area under the curve (AUC), with 36 of the studies reporting at least one biomarker with a specificity of 80% or greater specificity or 0.9 or greater AUC. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that although many types of biomarkers are being tested in ovarian cancer, most have similar or worse detection rates compared with CA 125 and have the same limitations of poor detection rates in early-stage disease. However, 27.5% of articles (36/131) reported biomarkers with better sensitivity and an AUC greater than 0.9 compared with CA 125 alone and deserve further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Greenwood
- Divisions of Reproductive Sciences and Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and the Strauss Library, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, and the Department of Computer Science and the BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado; and the Santa Fe Institute, New Mexico
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4
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Wang Y, Douville C, Chien YW, Wang BG, Chen CL, Pinto A, Smith SA, Drapkin R, Chui MH, Numan T, Vang R, Papadopoulos N, Wang TL, Shih IM. Aneuploidy Landscape in Precursors of Ovarian Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:600-615. [PMID: 38048050 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) is now recognized as the main precursor of ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). Other potential tubal lesions include p53 signatures and tubal intraepithelial lesions. We aimed to investigate the extent and pattern of aneuploidy in these epithelial lesions and HGSC to define the features that characterize stages of tumor initiation and progression. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We applied RealSeqS to compare genome-wide aneuploidy patterns among the precursors, HGSC (cases, n = 85), and histologically unremarkable fallopian tube epithelium (HU-FTE; control, n = 65). On the basis of a discovery set (n = 67), we developed an aneuploidy-based algorithm, REAL-FAST (Repetitive Element AneupLoidy Sequencing Fallopian Tube Aneuploidy in STIC), to correlate the molecular data with pathology diagnoses. We validated the result in an independent validation set (n = 83) to determine its performance. We correlated the molecularly defined precursor subgroups with proliferative activity and histology. RESULTS We found that nearly all p53 signatures lost the entire Chr17, offering a "two-hit" mechanism involving both TP53 and BRCA1 in BRCA1 germline mutation carriers. Proliferatively active STICs harbor gains of 19q12 (CCNE1), 19q13.2, 8q24 (MYC), or 8q arm, whereas proliferatively dormant STICs show 22q loss. REAL-FAST classified HU-FTE and STICs into 5 clusters and identified a STIC subgroup harboring unique aneuploidy that is associated with increased proliferation and discohesive growth. On the basis of a validation set, REAL-FAST showed 95.8% sensitivity and 97.1% specificity in detecting STIC/HGSC. CONCLUSIONS Morphologically similar STICs are molecularly distinct. The REAL-FAST assay identifies a potentially "aggressive" STIC subgroup harboring unique DNA aneuploidy that is associated with increased cellular proliferation and discohesive growth. REAL-FAST offers a highly reproducible adjunct technique to assist the diagnosis of STIC lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeh Wang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christopher Douville
- Department of Oncology, the Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- The Ludwig Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yen-Wei Chien
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brant G Wang
- Department of Pathology, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia
- School of Medicine Inova Campus, University of Virginia, Falls Church, Virginia
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Chi-Long Chen
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Andre Pinto
- University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, Florida
| | - Saron Ann Smith
- Cascade Pathology Services, Legacy Health System, Portland, Oregon
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Basser Center for BRCA, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - M Herman Chui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Tricia Numan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pathology, Sibley Memorial Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Russell Vang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nickolas Papadopoulos
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, the Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- The Ludwig Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tian-Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ie-Ming Shih
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
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5
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Avramenko AS, Flanagan JM. An epigenetic hypothesis for ovarian cancer prevention by oral contraceptive pill use. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:165. [PMID: 37853473 PMCID: PMC10585871 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01584-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the second most common gynecological cancer type after uterine cancers. In 2020, according to worldwide statistics, there were more than 313,000 new cases of ovarian cancer. Most concerning with ovarian cancer is the poor overall survival, with only 30% of patients surviving for longer than 5 years after diagnosis. The reason for this poor outcome includes late diagnosis due to non-specific symptoms and a lack of any highly effective biomarkers of the early stages of ovarian carcinogenesis. However, it is important to note that some modifiable lifestyle factors can be preventative [pregnancy, breastfeeding and combined oral contraceptives pill (COCP) use]. RESULTS There is now increasing data reporting the role of epigenetic changes, which are detectable in ovarian cancer tumors, suggesting the possibility that epigenetics may also play a key role in the mechanism of long-term effective prevention of ovarian cancer. To our knowledge, there is a lack of high-quality data on the molecular mechanisms of ovarian cancer prevention, although several hypotheses have been proposed. CONCLUSIONS This review focusses on the evidence for a proposed novel hypothesis-that COCPs act as a chemoprevention through the impact on the epigenome of the cells of origin of ovarian cancer-fallopian tubes epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Avramenko
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, 4th Floor IRDB, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - James M Flanagan
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, 4th Floor IRDB, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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6
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Ferrari AJ, Rawat P, Rendulich HS, Annapragada AV, Kinose Y, Zhang X, Devins K, Budina A, Scharpf RB, Mitchell MA, Tanyi JL, Morgan MA, Schwartz LE, Soong TR, Velculescu VE, Drapkin R. H2Bub1 loss is an early contributor to clear cell ovarian cancer progression. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e164995. [PMID: 37345659 PMCID: PMC10371241 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.164995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic aberrations, including posttranslational modifications of core histones, are major contributors to cancer. Here, we define the status of histone H2B monoubiquitylation (H2Bub1) in clear cell ovarian carcinoma (CCOC), low-grade serous carcinoma, and endometrioid carcinomas. We report that clear cell carcinomas exhibited profound loss, with nearly all cases showing low or negative H2Bub1 expression. Moreover, we found that H2Bub1 loss occurred in endometriosis and atypical endometriosis, which are established precursors to CCOCs. To examine whether dysregulation of a specific E3 ligase contributes to the loss of H2Bub1, we explored expression of ring finger protein 40 (RNF40), ARID1A, and UBR7 in the same case cohort. Loss of RNF40 was significantly and profoundly correlated with loss of H2Bub1. Using genome-wide DNA methylation profiles of 230 patients with CCOC, we identified hypermethylation of RNF40 in CCOC as a likely mechanism underlying the loss of H2Bub1. Finally, we demonstrated that H2Bub1 depletion promoted cell proliferation and clonogenicity in an endometriosis cell line. Collectively, our results indicate that H2Bub1 plays a tumor-suppressive role in CCOCs and that its loss contributes to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Ferrari
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology; and
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Priyanka Rawat
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | - Hannah S. Rendulich
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | - Akshaya V. Annapragada
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yasuto Kinose
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kyle Devins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna Budina
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert B. Scharpf
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marilyn A. Mitchell
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | - Janos L. Tanyi
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | - Mark A. Morgan
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | - Lauren E. Schwartz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - T. Rinda Soong
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Victor E. Velculescu
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology; and
- Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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7
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Bakkum-Gamez JN, Sherman ME, Slettedahl SW, Mahoney DW, Lemens MA, Laughlin-Tommaso SK, Hopkins MR, VanOosten A, Shridhar V, Staub JK, Cao X, Foote PH, Clarke MA, Burger KN, Berger CK, O'Connell MC, Doering KA, Podratz KC, DeStephano CC, Schoolmeester JK, Kerr SE, Wentzensen N, Taylor WR, Kisiel JB. Detection of endometrial cancer using tampon-based collection and methylated DNA markers. Gynecol Oncol 2023; 174:11-20. [PMID: 37141817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2023.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alterations in DNA methylation are early events in endometrial cancer (EC) development and may have utility in EC detection via tampon-collected vaginal fluid. METHODS For discovery, DNA from frozen EC, benign endometrium (BE), and benign cervicovaginal (BCV) tissues underwent reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) to identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs). Candidate DMRs were selected based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) discrimination, methylation level fold-change between cancers and controls, and absence of background CpG methylation. Methylated DNA marker (MDM) validation was performed using qMSP on DNA from independent EC and BE FFPE tissue sets. Women ≥45 years of age with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) or postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) or any age with biopsy-proven EC self-collected vaginal fluid using a tampon prior to clinically indicated endometrial sampling or hysterectomy. Vaginal fluid DNA was assayed by qMSP for EC-associated MDMs. Random forest modeling analysis was performed to generate predictive probability of underlying disease; results were 500-fold in-silico cross-validated. RESULTS Thirty-three candidate MDMs met performance criteria in tissue. For the tampon pilot, 100 EC cases were frequency matched by menopausal status and tampon collection date to 92 BE controls. A 28-MDM panel highly discriminated between EC and BE (96% (95%CI 89-99%) specificity; 76% (66-84%) sensitivity (AUC 0.88). In PBS/EDTA tampon buffer, the panel yielded 96% (95% CI 87-99%) specificity and 82% (70-91%) sensitivity (AUC 0.91). CONCLUSION Next generation methylome sequencing, stringent filtering criteria, and independent validation yielded excellent candidate MDMs for EC. EC-associated MDMs performed with promisingly high sensitivity and specificity in tampon-collected vaginal fluid; PBS-based tampon buffer with added EDTA improved sensitivity. Larger tampon-based EC MDM testing studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie N Bakkum-Gamez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
| | - Mark E Sherman
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
| | - Seth W Slettedahl
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Douglas W Mahoney
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Maureen A Lemens
- Surgery Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Shannon K Laughlin-Tommaso
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Matthew R Hopkins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Ann VanOosten
- Surgery Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Viji Shridhar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Julie K Staub
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Xiaoming Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Patrick H Foote
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Megan A Clarke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Kelli N Burger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Calise K Berger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Maria C O'Connell
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Karen A Doering
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Karl C Podratz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Christopher C DeStephano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Minimally Invasive Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
| | - J Kenneth Schoolmeester
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Sarah E Kerr
- Hospital Pathology Associates, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - William R Taylor
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - John B Kisiel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
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8
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Ferrari A, Fiocca R, Bonora E, Domizio C, Fonzi E, Angeli D, Domenico Raulli G, Mattioli S, Martinelli G, Molinari C. Detection of a Novel MSI2-C17orf64 Transcript in a Patient with Aggressive Adenocarcinoma of the Gastroesophageal Junction: A Case Report. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040918. [PMID: 37107676 PMCID: PMC10137952 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus (EAC) and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ-AC) is associated with poor prognosis, treatment resistance and limited systemic therapeutic options. To deeply understand the genomic landscape of this cancer type, and potentially identify a therapeutic target in a neoadjuvant chemotherapy non-responder 48-year-old man, we adopted a multi-omic approach. We simultaneously evaluated gene rearrangements, mutations, copy number status, microsatellite instability and tumor mutation burden. The patient displayed pathogenic mutations of the TP53 and ATM genes and variants of uncertain significance of three kinases genes (ERBB3, CSNK1A1 and RPS6KB2), along with FGFR2 and KRAS high copy number amplification. Interestingly, transcriptomic analysis revealed the Musashi-2 (MSI2)-C17orf64 fusion that has never been reported before. Rearrangements of the RNA-binding protein MSI2 with a number of partner genes have been described across solid and hematological tumors. MSI2 regulates several biological processes involved in cancer initiation, development and resistance to treatment, and deserves further investigation as a potential therapeutic target. In conclusion, our extensive genomic characterization of a gastroesophageal tumor refractory to all therapeutic approaches led to the discovery of the MSI2-C17orf64 fusion. The results underlie the importance of deep molecular analyses enabling the identification of novel patient-specific markers to be monitored during therapy or even targeted at disease evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ferrari
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", 47014 Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Roberto Fiocca
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, 16125 Genova, Italy
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (DISC), University of Genova, 16125 Genova, Italy
| | - Elena Bonora
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Domizio
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Ferrara University, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eugenio Fonzi
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", 47014 Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Davide Angeli
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", 47014 Meldola, FC, Italy
| | | | - Sandro Mattioli
- GVM Care & Research Group, Division of Thoracic Surgery-Maria Cecilia Hospital, 48022 Cotignola, RA, Italy
- Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", 47014 Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Chiara Molinari
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", 47014 Meldola, FC, Italy
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9
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Li N, Zhu X, Nian W, Li Y, Sun Y, Yuan G, Zhang Z, Yang W, Xu J, Lizaso A, Li B, Zhang Z, Wu L, Zhang Y. Blood-based DNA methylation profiling for the detection of ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2022; 167:295-305. [PMID: 36096974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ovarian cancer is a fatal gynecological cancer due to the lack of effective screening strategies at early stage. This study explored the utility of DNA methylation profiling of blood samples for the detection of ovarian cancer. METHODS Targeted bisulfite sequencing was performed on tissue (n = 152) and blood samples (n = 373) obtained from healthy women, women with benign ovarian tumors, or malignant epithelial ovarian tumors. Based on the tissue-derived differentially-methylated regions, a supervised machine learning algorithm was implemented and cross-validated using the blood-derived DNA methylation profiles of the training cohort (n = 178) to predict and classify each blood sample as malignant or non-malignant. The model was further evaluated using an independent test cohort (n = 184). RESULTS Comparison of the DNA methylation profiles of normal/benign and malignant tumor samples identified 1272 differentially-methylated regions, with 49.4% hypermethylated regions and 50.6% hypomethylated regions. Five-fold cross-validation of the model using the training dataset yielded an area under the curve of 0.94. Using the test dataset, the model accurately predicted non-malignancy in 96.2% of healthy women (n = 53) and 93.5% of women with benign tumors (n = 46). For patients with malignant tumors, the model accurately predicted malignancy in 44.4% of stage I-II (n = 9), 86.4% of stage III (n = 59), 100.0% of stage IV tumors (n = 6), and 81.8% of tumors with unknown stage (n = 11). Overall, the model yielded a predictive accuracy of 89.5%. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates the potential clinical application of blood-based DNA methylation profiling for the detection of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xin Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Gynecological Oncology Research and Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Weiqi Nian
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yangchun Sun
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Guangwen Yuan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zhenjing Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wenqing Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Gynecological Oncology Research and Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jiayue Xu
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | | | - Bingsi Li
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | | | - Lingying Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Gynecological Oncology Research and Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
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10
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DDTC Suppresses Ovarian Cancer Development via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:1941077. [PMID: 35978887 PMCID: PMC9377914 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1941077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In prior research, 6,12-diphenyl-3,9-diazatetraasterane-1, 5, 7, 11-tetracarboxylate (DDTC) has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of the growth of the SKOV3 and A2780 ovarian cancer (OC) cell lines. Flow cytometry analyses indicated that DDTC was able to suppress P-CNA expression at the protein level within OC cells, while RNA-seq indicated that DDTC treatment was associated with marked changes in gene expression profiles within A2780 cells. Molecular docking analyses suggested that DDTC has the potential to readily dock with key signaling proteins including PI3K, AKT, and mTOR. In line with these findings, DDTC treatment inhibited the growth of xenograft tumors in a mouse model system. Such treatment was also associated with reduced p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, p-mTOR/mTOR, and CyclinD1 (CCND1) expressions and with the increased expression of PTEN in vitro and in vivo. Together, these results suggest that DDTC is capable of readily inhibiting OC development at least in part via targeting and modulating signaling via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis.
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11
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Liberto JM, Chen SY, Shih IM, Wang TH, Wang TL, Pisanic TR. Current and Emerging Methods for Ovarian Cancer Screening and Diagnostics: A Comprehensive Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2885. [PMID: 35740550 PMCID: PMC9221480 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
With a 5-year survival rate of less than 50%, ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is one of the most highly aggressive gynecological malignancies affecting women today. The high mortality rate of HGSC is largely attributable to delays in diagnosis, as most patients remain undiagnosed until the late stages of -disease. There are currently no recommended screening tests for ovarian cancer and there thus remains an urgent need for new diagnostic methods, particularly those that can detect the disease at early stages when clinical intervention remains effective. While diagnostics for ovarian cancer share many of the same technical hurdles as for other cancer types, the low prevalence of the disease in the general population, coupled with a notable lack of sensitive and specific biomarkers, have made the development of a clinically useful screening strategy particularly challenging. Here, we present a detailed review of the overall landscape of ovarian cancer diagnostics, with emphasis on emerging methods that employ novel protein, genetic, epigenetic and imaging-based biomarkers and/or advanced diagnostic technologies for the noninvasive detection of HGSC, particularly in women at high risk due to germline mutations such as BRCA1/2. Lastly, we discuss the translational potential of these approaches for achieving a clinically implementable solution for screening and diagnostics of early-stage ovarian cancer as a means of ultimately improving patient outcomes in both the general and high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane M. Liberto
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (J.M.L.); (I.-M.S.); (T.-L.W.)
| | - Sheng-Yin Chen
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 33302 Taoyuan, Taiwan;
| | - Ie-Ming Shih
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (J.M.L.); (I.-M.S.); (T.-L.W.)
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;
| | - Tza-Huei Wang
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Tian-Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (J.M.L.); (I.-M.S.); (T.-L.W.)
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;
| | - Thomas R. Pisanic
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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12
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Ghose A, Gullapalli SVN, Chohan N, Bolina A, Moschetta M, Rassy E, Boussios S. Applications of Proteomics in Ovarian Cancer: Dawn of a New Era. Proteomes 2022; 10:proteomes10020016. [PMID: 35645374 PMCID: PMC9150001 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes10020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to identify ovarian cancer (OC) at its earliest stages remains a challenge. The patients present an advanced stage at diagnosis. This heterogeneous disease has distinguishable etiology and molecular biology. Next-generation sequencing changed clinical diagnostic testing, allowing assessment of multiple genes, simultaneously, in a faster and cheaper manner than sequential single gene analysis. Technologies of proteomics, such as mass spectrometry (MS) and protein array analysis, have advanced the dissection of the underlying molecular signaling events and the proteomic characterization of OC. Proteomics analysis of OC, as well as their adaptive responses to therapy, can uncover new therapeutic choices, which can reduce the emergence of drug resistance and potentially improve patient outcomes. There is an urgent need to better understand how the genomic and epigenomic heterogeneity intrinsic to OC is reflected at the protein level, and how this information could potentially lead to prolonged survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruni Ghose
- Department of Medical Oncology, Barts Cancer Centre, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, UK; (A.G.); (N.C.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Northwood HA6 2RN, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK
- Division of Research, Academics and Cancer Control, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Kolkata 700063, India
| | | | - Naila Chohan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Barts Cancer Centre, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, UK; (A.G.); (N.C.)
| | - Anita Bolina
- Department of Haematology, Clatterbridge Cancer Centre Liverpool, The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L7 8YA, UK;
| | - Michele Moschetta
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4033 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Elie Rassy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Institut, 94805 Villejuif, France;
| | - Stergios Boussios
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- AELIA Organization, 9th Km Thessaloniki-Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: or or
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13
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Epigenomic Profiling of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Stem-Cell Differentiation Reveals GPD1 Associated Immune Suppressive Microenvironment and Poor Prognosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095120. [PMID: 35563509 PMCID: PMC9101898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraperitoneal metastasis is a challenging clinical scenario in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). As they are distinct from hematogenous metastasizing tumors, epithelial ovarian cancer cells primarily disseminate within the peritoneal cavity to form superficially invasive carcinomas. Unfavorable pharmacokinetics for peritoneal tumors and gut toxicity collectively lead to a narrow therapeutic window and therefore limit the opportunities for a favorable clinical outcome. New insights into tumor metastasis in the peritoneal microenvironment are keenly awaited to develop new therapeutic strategies. Epithelial ovarian cancer stem cell (OCSC) seeding is considered to be a critical component of the peritoneal spread. Using a unique and stepwise process of the OCSC differentiation model may provide insight into the intraperitoneal metastasis. The transcriptome and epigenome of OCSC differentiation were characterized by expression array and MethylCap-Seq. The TCGA, AOCS, and KM-Plotter databases were used to evaluate the association between survival outcomes and the methylation/expression levels of candidate genes in the EOC datasets. The STRING database was used to investigate the protein–protein interaction (PPI) for candidates and their associated genes. The infiltration level of immune cells in EOC patients and the association between clinical outcome and OCSCs differentiation genes were estimated using the TIDE and TIME2.0 algorithms. We established an EOC differentiation model using OCSCs. After an integrated transcriptomics and methylomics analysis of OCSCs differentiation, we revealed that the genes associated with earlier OCSC differentiation were better able to reflect the patient’s outcome. The OCSC differentiation genes were involved in regulating metabolism shift and the suppressive immune microenvironment. High GPD1 expression with high pro-tumorigenic immune cells (M2 macrophage, and cancer associated fibroblast) had worst survival. Moreover, we developed a methylation signature, constituted by GNPDA1, GPD1, GRASP, HOXC11, and MSLN, that may be useful for prognostic prediction in EOC. Our results revealed a novel role of epigenetic plasticity OCSC differentiation and suggested metabolic and immune intervention as a new therapeutic strategy.
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14
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Xiao Y, Bi M, Guo H, Li M. Multi-omics approaches for biomarker discovery in early ovarian cancer diagnosis. EBioMedicine 2022; 79:104001. [PMID: 35439677 PMCID: PMC9035645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a heterogeneous disease with the highest mortality rate and the poorest prognosis among gynecological malignancies. Because of the absence of specific early symptoms, most OC patients are often diagnosed at late stages. Thus, improved biomarkers of OC for use in research and clinical practice are urgently needed. The last decade has seen increasingly rapid advances in sequencing and biotechnological methodologies. Consequently, multiple omics technologies, including genomic/transcriptomic sequencings and proteomic/metabolomic mass spectra, have been widely applied to analyze tissue- and liquid-derived samples from OC patients. The integration of multi-omics data has increased our knowledge of the disease and identified valuable OC biomarkers. In this review, we summarize the recent advances and perspectives in the use of multi-omics technologies in OC research and highlight potential applications of multi-omics for identifying novel biomarkers and improving clinical assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Xiao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 10091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 10091, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 10091, China
| | - Meiyu Bi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 10091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 10091, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 10091, China
| | - Hongyan Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 10091, China
| | - Mo Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 10091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 10091, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 10091, China.
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15
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Dong K, Zhang W, Cheng S, Shu W, Zhao R, Wang H. The Progress of the Specific and Rapid Genetic Detection Methods for Ovarian Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221114497. [PMID: 36062718 PMCID: PMC9446467 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221114497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a public health problem that threatens human health. Due to the lack of
specific and rapid diagnosis and treatment methods, the 5-year survival rate of
patients has not been effectively improved in the past 10 years. Abnormal gene
expression is closely related to the occurrence and development of cancer.
Cancer diagnosis and treatment methods based on genetic testing have received
extensive attention in recent years. It is essential to explore specific and
rapid cancer genetic testing methods. Taking ovarian cancer as an example, we
reviewed the progress of specific and rapid nucleic acid detection methods
related to cancer risk assessment, low-abundance mutation detection, and
methylation detection, to provide new strategies and ideas for related
research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejun Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, 12403Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, 12403Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuangshuang Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, 12403Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wan Shu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, 12403Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, 12403Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, 12403Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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16
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El Bairi K, Al Jarroudi O, Le Page C, Afqir S. Does the "Devil" originate from the fallopian tubes? Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 77:56-66. [PMID: 33766647 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (OC) is a heterogeneous disease and continues to be mostly diagnosed in advanced stages. The high lethality, the high rate of platinum-resistance, and the poor survival outcomes are the principal factors for categorizing OC among the most aggressive gynecological cancers. Only recently, a substantial progress has been made in our latest understanding of the origins of OC, particularly of high-grade serous histology. For a long time, the accumulation of genetic alterations in epithelial single layer cells of ovarian cysts caused by cyclic ovulations was considered as the most important driver and the long-standing dogma of ovarian tumorigenesis. Besides, the unique biological features and high histological heterogeneity of OC did not support this hypothesis. Indeed, various extra-ovarian cells of origin and multiple sites to each histotype were proposed, supported by cogent evidence from clinical cohorts and animal studies. In light of this enigma, this review was conducted to discuss the recent evidence supporting the revised origins of ovarian carcinoma histotypes with a particular focus on high-grade serous OC which may impact diagnostic and preventive approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid El Bairi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Oujda, Morocco; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed I(st) University, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Ouissam Al Jarroudi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Oujda, Morocco; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed I(st) University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Cécile Le Page
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Said Afqir
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Oujda, Morocco; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed I(st) University, Oujda, Morocco
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17
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Li L, Facadio Antero M, Zhang M, Chu T, Seckin T, Ayhan A, Pisanic T, Wang TL, Cope L, Segars J, Shih IM. Mutation and methylation profiles of ectopic and eutopic endometrial tissues. J Pathol 2021; 255:387-398. [PMID: 34396532 PMCID: PMC9808974 DOI: 10.1002/path.5778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Adenomyosis and peritoneal endometriosis are common gynecologic lesions; they are characterized by aberrant locations of normal-appearing endometrium in myometrium and peritoneal surface, respectively. Both ectopic lesions are speculated to originate from uterine eutopic endometrium, which is composed of epithelium and stroma, but how these two different tissue types co-evolve in ectopic locations remains unclear. Here, we analyzed exome-wide mutations and global methylation in microdissected epithelium and stroma separately in paired adenomyosis, peritoneal endometriosis, and endometrium to investigate their relationship. Analyses of somatic mutations and their allele frequencies indicate monoclonal development not only in epithelium but also in the stroma of adenomyosis and peritoneal endometriosis. Our preliminary phylogenetic study suggests a plausible clonal derivation in epithelium and stroma of both ectopic and eutopic endometrium from the same founder epithelium-stroma progenitor cells. While a patient-specific methylation landscape is evident, adenomyosis epithelium and stroma can be distinguished from normal-appearing eutopic endometrium epigenetically. In summary, endometrial stroma, like its epithelial counterpart, could be clonal and both ectopic and eutopic endometrium following divergent evolutionary trajectories. Our data also warrant future investigations into the role of endometrial stroma in the pathobiology of endometrium-related disorders. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maria Facadio Antero
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tiffany Chu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tamer Seckin
- Department of Gynecology, Lenox Hill Hospital and Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, USA
| | - Ayse Ayhan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Pisanic
- Johns Hopkins Institute of NanoBio Technology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tian-Li Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leslie Cope
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James Segars
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ie-Ming Shih
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Correspondence to: Ie-Ming Shih, Cancer Research Bldg-2, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions,
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18
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Zhou Y, Li J, Yang X, Song Y, Li H. Rhophilin rho GTPase binding protein 1-antisense RNA 1 (RHPN1-AS1) promotes ovarian carcinogenesis by sponging microRNA-485-5p and releasing DNA topoisomerase II alpha ( TOP2A). Bioengineered 2021; 12:12003-12022. [PMID: 34787052 PMCID: PMC8810118 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2002494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most common and lethal gynecological cancer worldwide. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and sponging microRNAs (miRNAs) serve as key regulators in the biological processes of OC. We sought to evaluate the effect of the RHPN1-AS1-miR-485-5p-DNA topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A) axis in regulating OC progression. RHPN1-AS1, miR-485-5p, and TOP2A levels in OC tissues and cells were determined by RT-qPCR. The interaction of RHPN1-AS1/miR-485-5p/TOP2A was assessed using luciferase, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA pull-down assays. RHPN1-AS1 silencing allowed us to explore its biological function by measuring cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis in OC cells. In vivo experiments were performed to verify the in vitro findings. We found that the RHPN1-AS1 and TOP2A levels were significantly enhanced, whereas the miR-485-5p levels were reduced in OC tissues and cells. RHPN1-AS1 silencing attenuated cell growth, facilitated apoptosis in OC cells, and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Notably, RHPN1-AS1 negatively regulating miR-485-5p promoted the TOP2A expression in OC cells. In conclusion, RHPN1-AS1 sponging miR-485-5p accelerated the progression of OC by elevating TOP2A expression, which makes it a promising target for the treatment of OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoxin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haigang Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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19
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Baranova I, Kovarikova H, Laco J, Sedlakova I, Vrbacky F, Kovarik D, Hejna P, Palicka V, Chmelarova M. Identification of a four-gene methylation biomarker panel in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 58:1332-1340. [PMID: 32145055 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background The lack of effective biomarkers for the screening and early detection of ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most pressing problems in oncogynecology. Because epigenetic alterations occur early in the cancer development, they provide great potential to serve as such biomarkers. In our study, we investigated a potential of a four-gene methylation panel (including CDH13, HNF1B, PCDH17 and GATA4 genes) for the early detection of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC). Methods For methylation detection we used methylation sensitive high-resolution melting analysis and real-time methylation specific analysis. We also investigated the relation between gene hypermethylation and gene relative expression using the 2-ΔΔCt method. Results The sensitivity of the examined panel reached 88.5%. We were able to detect methylation in 85.7% (12/14) of early stage tumors and in 89.4% (42/47) of late stage tumors. The total efficiency of the panel was 94.4% and negative predictive value reached 90.0%. The specificity and positive predictive value achieved 100% rates. Our results showed lower gene expression in the tumor samples in comparison to control samples. The more pronounced downregulation was measured in the group of samples with detected methylation. Conclusions In our study we designed the four-gene panel for HGSOC detection in ovarian tissue with 100% specificity and sensitivity of 88.5%. The next challenge is translation of the findings to the less invasive source for biomarker examination, such as plasma. Our results indicate that combination of examined genes deserve consideration for further testing in clinical molecular diagnosis of HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Baranova
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Charles University Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Kovarikova
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Charles University Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Laco
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Sedlakova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Charles University Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Vrbacky
- The 4th Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology, Charles University Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Kovarik
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Charles University Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hejna
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Charles University Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Palicka
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Charles University Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Chmelarova
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Charles University Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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The Mechanism of Xiaoyao San in the Treatment of Ovarian Cancer by Network Pharmacology and the Effect of Stigmasterol on the PI3K/Akt Pathway. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:4304507. [PMID: 34306252 PMCID: PMC8263223 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4304507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This study was aimed at exploring the regulatory mechanism of Xiaoyao San (XYS) and its main compound, Stigmasterol, in the biological network and signaling pathway of ovarian cancer (OC) through network pharmacology-based analyses and experimental validation. Methods The active compounds and targets of XYS were studied by the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). The GeneCards and OMIM databases were used to screen common targets of XYS in the treatment of OC. Combined with the STRING database and Cytoscape 3.6.0, the core compounds and targets of XYS were obtained. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of core target genes were carried out by using the Metascape and DAVID databases. Molecular docking has been achieved by using the AutoDock Vina program to discuss the interaction of the core targets and compounds of XYS in the treatment of OC. The effect of Stigmasterol on proliferation and migration were assessed by CCK8 and wound healing assay. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to analyze the protein and mRNA expressions of PI3K, Akt, and PTEN after treatment of Stigmasterol. Results A total of 113 common targets of XYS for the treatment of OC were obtained from 975 targets related to OC and 239 targets of XYS's effect. The main compounds of XYS include Quercetin, Naringenin, Isorhamnetin, and Stigmasterol, which mainly regulate the targets such as TP53, Akt1, and MYC and PI3K/Akt, p53, and cell cycle signal pathways. At the same time, molecular docking showed that Stigmasterol and Akt1 had good docking conformation. Stigmasterol inhibited OC cell proliferation and migration in vitro and reduced the protein and mRNA expressions of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Conclusion Stigmasterol as the one of the main compounds of XYS suppresses OC cell activities through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.
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21
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Mori S, Gotoh O, Kiyotani K, Low SK. Genomic alterations in gynecological malignancies: histotype-associated driver mutations, molecular subtyping schemes, and tumorigenic mechanisms. J Hum Genet 2021; 66:853-868. [PMID: 34092788 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-021-00940-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There are numerous histological subtypes (histotypes) of gynecological malignancies, with each histotype considered to largely reflect a feature of the "cell of origin," and to be tightly linked with the clinical behavior and biological phenotype of the tumor. The recent advances in massive parallel sequencing technologies have provided a more complete picture of the range of the genomic alterations that can persist within individual tumors, and have highlighted the types and frequencies of driver-gene mutations and molecular subtypes often associated with these histotypes. Several large-scale genomic cohorts, including the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), have been used to characterize the genomic features of a range of gynecological malignancies, including high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma, uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma, uterine cervical carcinoma, and uterine carcinosarcoma. These datasets have also been pivotal in identifying clinically relevant molecular targets and biomarkers, and in the construction of molecular subtyping schemes. In addition, the recent widespread use of clinical sequencing for the more ubiquitous types of gynecological cancer has manifested in a series of large genomic datasets that have allowed the characterization of the genomes, driver mutations, and histotypes of even rare cancer types, with sufficient statistical power. Here, we review the field of gynecological cancer, and seek to describe the genomic features by histotype. We also will demonstrate how these are linked with clinicopathological attributes and highlight the potential tumorigenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Mori
- Project for Development of Innovative Research on Cancer Therapeutics, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Osamu Gotoh
- Project for Development of Innovative Research on Cancer Therapeutics, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuma Kiyotani
- Project for Immunogenomics, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Siew Kee Low
- Project for Immunogenomics, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Park JS, Pisanic T, Zhang Y, Wang TH. Ligation-Enabled Fluorescence-Coding PCR for High-Dimensional Fluorescence-Based Nucleic Acid Detection. Anal Chem 2021; 93:2351-2358. [PMID: 33427441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is by far the most commonly used method of nucleic acid amplification and has likewise been employed for a plethora of diagnostic purposes. Nonetheless, multiplexed PCR-based detection schemes have hitherto been largely limited by technical challenges associated with nonspecific interactions and other limitations inherent to traditional fluorescence-based assays. Here, we describe a novel strategy for multiplexed PCR-based analysis called Ligation-eNabled fluorescence-Coding PCR (LiNC PCR) that exponentially enhances the multiplexing capability of standard fluorescence-based PCR assays. The technique relies upon a simple, preliminary ligation reaction in which target DNA sequences are converted to PCR template molecules with distinct endpoint fluorescence signatures. Universal TaqMan probes are used to create target-specific multicolor fluorescence signals that can be readily decoded to identify amplified targets of interest. We demonstrate the LiNC PCR technique by implementing a two-color-based assay for detection of 10 ovarian cancer epigenetic biomarkers at analytical sensitivities as low as 60 template molecules with no detectable target cross-talk. Overall, LiNC PCR provides a simple and inexpensive method for achieving high-dimensional multiplexing that can be implemented in manifold molecular diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Soo Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Thomas Pisanic
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Tza-Huei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.,Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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23
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Shih IM, Wang Y, Wang TL. The Origin of Ovarian Cancer Species and Precancerous Landscape. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 191:26-39. [PMID: 33011111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Unlike other human cancers, in which all primary tumors arise de novo, ovarian epithelial cancers are primarily imported from either endometrial or fallopian tube epithelium. The prevailing paradigm in the genesis of high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), the most common ovarian cancer, posits to its development in fallopian tubes through stepwise tumor progression. Recent progress has been made not only in gathering terabytes of omics data but also in detailing the histologic-molecular correlations required for looking into, and making sense of, the tissue origin of HGSC. This emerging paradigm is changing many facets of ovarian cancer research and routine gynecology practice. The precancerous landscape in fallopian tubes contains multiple concurrent precursor lesions, including serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC), with genetic heterogeneity providing a platform for HGSC evolution. Mathematical models imply that a prolonged time (decades) elapses from the development of a TP53 mutation, the earliest known molecular alteration, to an STIC, followed by a shorter span (6 years) for progression to an HGSC. Genetic predisposition accelerates the trajectory. This timeline may allow for the early diagnosis of HGSC and STIC, followed by intent-to-cure surgery. This review discusses the recent advances in this tubal paradigm and its biological and clinical implications, alongside the promise and challenge of studying STIC and other precancerous lesions of HGSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ie-Ming Shih
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Pathobiology Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Yeh Wang
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tian-Li Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Pathobiology Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Ishak CA, De Carvalho DD. DNA Methylation Profiling of Premalignant Lesions as a Path to Ovarian Cancer Early Detection. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:6083-6085. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-3331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Pisanic TR, Wang Y, Sun H, Considine M, Li L, Wang TH, Wang TL, Shih IM. Methylomic Landscapes of Ovarian Cancer Precursor Lesions. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:6310-6320. [PMID: 32817081 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The current paradigm in the development of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) proposes that the majority of HGSCs arise from precursor serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) lesions of the fallopian tube. Here we survey genome-wide methylation in HGSC precursor lesions to identify genomic regions that exhibit high-specificity differential hypermethylation for potential use as biomarkers for detecting STIC and HGSC at stages when curative intervention likely remains feasible. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We first identified quality control criteria for performing reliable methylomic analysis of DNA-limited tubal precursor lesions with the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC array. We then used this platform to compare genome-wide methylation among 12 STICs with paired adjacent-normal epithelia, one p53 signature lesion and two samples of concurrent HGSC. The resulting methylomic data were analyzed by unsupervised hierarchical clustering and multidimensional analysis. Regions of high-confidence STIC-specific differential hypermethylation were identified using selective bioinformatic criteria and compared with published MethylationEPIC data from 23 HGSC tumors and 11 healthy fallopian tube mucosae. RESULTS Unsupervised analysis showed that STICs largely clustered with HGSCs, but were clearly distinct from adjacent-normal fallopian tube epithelia. Forty-two genomic regions exhibited high-confidence STIC-specific differential hypermethylation, of which 17 (40.5%) directly overlapped with HGSC-specific differentially methylated regions. Methylation at these shared loci was able to completely distinguish STIC and HGSC samples from normal and adjacent-normal specimens. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that most STICs are epigenetically similar to HGSCs and share regions of differential hypermethylation that warrant further evaluation for potential use as biomarkers for early detection of ovarian HGSC.See related commentary by Ishak and De Carvalho, p. 6083.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Pisanic
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Yeh Wang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hanru Sun
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael Considine
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lihong Li
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tza-Huei Wang
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tian-Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ie-Ming Shih
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. .,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Zhao L, Liu T, Zhang X, Zuo D, Liu C. lncRNA RHPN1-AS1 Promotes Ovarian Cancer Growth and Invasiveness Through Inhibiting miR-1299. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:5337-5344. [PMID: 32606751 PMCID: PMC7293985 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s248050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer (OC) is a big threat for public health. However, the molecular mechanism underlying OC development and progression remains unclear. Although the importance of lncRNA in cancer has been proven, how lncRNA is involved in OC is waiting for further investigation. Materials and Methods qRT-PCR was performed to test expression level. CCK8 and colony formation were conducted to analyze proliferation. Transwell was conducted to measure migration and invasion. Luciferase reporter assay and pulldown assay were utilized to validate RNA interaction. Results lncRNA RHPN1-AS1 was highly expressed in OC tissues. RHPN1-AS1 was positively correlated with OC progression and its high expression indicated a low survival rate. Moreover, knockdown of RHPN1-AS1 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of OC cells, and bioinformatics analysis identified that miR-1299 was sponged by RHPN1-AS1 in OC cells. Knockdown of RHPN1-AS1 markedly promoted miR-1299 expression. Of note, inhibition of miR-1299 reversed the roles of RHPN1-AS1 silencing on suppressing proliferation, migration and invasion. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that RHPN1-AS1 promotes OC progression via sponging miR-1299, suggesting RHPN1-AS1 may be a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Department of Gynaecology, Linyi Cancer Hospital, Linyi 276000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Gynaecology, Linyi Cancer Hospital, Linyi 276000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingna Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, Linyi Cancer Hospital, Linyi 276000, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghua Zuo
- Department of Gynaecology, Linyi Cancer Hospital, Linyi 276000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunna Liu
- Department of Gynaecology, Linyi Cancer Hospital, Linyi 276000, People's Republic of China
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27
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Song F, Li L, Zhang B, Zhao Y, Zheng H, Yang M, Li X, Tian J, Huang C, Liu L, Wang Q, Zhang W, Chen K. Tumor specific methylome in Chinese high-grade serous ovarian cancer characterized by gene expression profile and tumor genotype. Gynecol Oncol 2020; 158:178-187. [PMID: 32362568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.04.688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extensive genetic and limited epigenetics have been characterized by the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) among Western High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). The present study aimed to characterize Chinese HGSOC at genome scale. METHODS We used reduced representation bisulfite sequencing to investigate whole-genome and tumor-specific DNA methylation in 21 HGSOC tumors paired with their normal tissues, followed by a replication study involving additional 41 HGSOC patients. Altered methylation patterns in HGSOC were further characterized by gene expression profiles and whole-exome sequencing data. RESULTS Comparing HGSOC tumors with normal tissues we observed global hypomethylation but with more specific hypermethylation in gene promoter. Totally, we revealed 159,881 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and 4060 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). By integrating DNA methylation and mRNA expression data, we identified 153 negative (mainly in the upstream region) and 115 positive (mainly in the CDS regions) DMRs-DEGs correlated pairs, respectively. The negatively correlated DMRs-DEGs underlined Wnt and cell adhesion molecule binding as critical canonical pathways disrupted by DNA methylation. Eleven DMRs (in CAPS, FZD7, CDKN2A, PON3, KLF4, etc.), accompanied with a global DNA methylation marker, were validated in the replication samples. Whole-exome sequencing presented a relatively less dominated TP53 mutation in Chinese HGSOC compared to TCGA dataset. Unsupervised analysis of the three-level omics data identified differential methylation and expression subgroups based on tumor genetics, one of which presented increased DNA methylation and significantly associated with TP53 mutation. CONCLUSIONS Our individual and integrated analyses contribute details about the tissue-specific genetic and DNA methylation landscape of Chinese HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Lian Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | | | - Yanrui Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xiangchun Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Caiyun Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Luyang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Qinghua Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - Kexin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
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Qin J, Fu M, Wang J, Huang F, Liu H, Huangfu M, Yu D, Liu H, Li X, Guan X, Chen X. PTEN/AKT/mTOR signaling mediates anticancer effects of epigallocatechin‑3‑gallate in ovarian cancer. Oncol Rep 2020; 43:1885-1896. [PMID: 32236585 PMCID: PMC7160558 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin‑3‑gallate (EGCG), a polyphenol present in green tea, exhibits anticancer effects in various types of cancer. A number of studies have focused on the effects of EGCG on lung cancer, but not ovarian cancer. Previous reports have implicated that EGCG suppressed ovarian cancer cell proliferation and induced apoptosis, but its potential anticancer mechanisms and signaling pathways remain unclear. Thus, it is necessary to determine the anti‑ovarian cancer effects of EGCG and explore the underlying mechanisms. In the present study, EGCG exerted stronger proliferation inhibition on SKOV3 cells compared with A549 cells and induced apoptosis in SKOV3 cells, as well as upregulated PTEN expression and downregulated the expression of phosphoinositide‑dependent kinase‑1 (PDK1), phosphor (p)‑AKT and p‑mTOR. These effects were reversed by the PTEN inhibitor VO‑Ohpic trihydrate. The results of the mouse xenograft experiment demonstrated that 50 mg/kg EGCG exhibited increased tumor growth inhibition compared with 5 mg/kg paclitaxel. In addition, PTEN expression was upregulated, whereas the expression levels of PDK1, p‑AKT and p‑mTOR were downregulated in the EGCG treatment group compared with those in untreated mice in vivo. In conclusion, the results of the present study provided a new underlying mechanism of the effect of EGCG on ovarian cancer and may lead to the development of EGCG as a candidate drug for ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Minglei Fu
- Dispensary, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Research Center for Science, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Fengxiang Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Haiping Liu
- Science and Technology Department, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Mengjie Huangfu
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Dan Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Haowei Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Xumei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Guan
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Xu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
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29
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Reavis HD, Drapkin R. The tubal epigenome - An emerging target for ovarian cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 210:107524. [PMID: 32197795 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in the United States. The mortality of this disease is primarily attributed to challenges in early detection and therapeutic resistance. Recent studies indicate that the majority of high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSCs) originate from aberrant fallopian tube epithelial (FTE) cells. This shift in thinking about ovarian cancer pathogenesis has been met with an effort to identify the early genetic and epigenetic changes that underlie the transformation of normal FTE cells and prompt them to migrate and colonize the ovary, ultimately giving rise to aggressive HGSC. While identification of these early changes is important for biomarker discovery, the emergence of epigenetic alterations in FTE chromatin may also provide new opportunities for early detection, prevention, and therapeutic intervention. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge regarding early epigenetic reprogramming that precedes HGSC tumor development, the way that these alterations affect both intrinsic and extrinsic tumor properties, and how the epigenome may be targeted to thwart HGSC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter D Reavis
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Bachert SE, McDowell A, Piecoro D, Baldwin Branch L. Serous Tubal Intraepithelial Carcinoma: A Concise Review for the Practicing Pathologist and Clinician. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10020102. [PMID: 32069831 PMCID: PMC7168247 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecologic malignancy, accounting for more than 14,000 deaths each year. With no established way to prevent or screen for it, the vast majority of cases are diagnosed as International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage III or higher. Individuals with germline BRCA mutations are at particularly high risk for epithelial ovarian cancer and have been the subject of many risk-reducing strategies. In the past ten years, studies looking at risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) in this population have uncovered an interesting association: up to 8% of women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations who underwent RRSO had an associated serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC). The importance of this finding is highlighted by the fact that up to 60% of ovarian cancer patients will also have an associated STIC. These studies have led to a paradigm shift that a subset of epithelial ovarian cancer originates not in the ovarian epithelium, but rather in the distal fallopian tube. In response to this, many providers have changed their practice by expanding the role of routine salpingectomy, hysterectomy, and sterilization procedures. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) has acknowledged opportunistic salpingectomy as a safe strategy to reduce the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer in Committee Opinion #774. It is thus important for pathologists and clinicians to understand the definition of STIC; how it is diagnosed; and, most importantly, its clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Emily Bachert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (S.E.B.); (D.P.)
| | - Anthony McDowell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - Dava Piecoro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (S.E.B.); (D.P.)
| | - Lauren Baldwin Branch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Lin W, Ye H, You K, Chen L. Up-regulation of circ_LARP4 suppresses cell proliferation and migration in ovarian cancer by regulating miR-513b-5p/LARP4 axis. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:5. [PMID: 31911757 PMCID: PMC6945592 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-1071-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer (OC) is a common fatal malignant tumor of female reproductive system worldwide. Growing studies have proofed that circular RNAs (circRNAs) engage in the regulation of various types of cancers. However, the underlying biological functions and effect mechanism of circular RNA_LARP4 (circ_LARP4) in OC have not been explored. Methods Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis was used to detect the expression of circ_LARP4 in OC cells. The function of circ_LARP4 was measured by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation assay and transwell assay. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay and luciferase reporter assays assessed the binding correlation between miR-513b-5p and circ_LARP4 (or LARP4). Results The expression of circ_LARP4 in OC cells was much lower than that in human normal ovarian epithelial cells. Overexpressing circ_LARP4 impaired cell proliferation, invasion and migration abilities. Circ_LARP4 worked as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to sponge miR-513b-5p. Furthermore, LARP4 was indirectly modulated by circ_LARP4 as the downstream target of miR-513b-5p, as well as the host gene of circ_LARP4. Conclusion Circ_LARP4 could hamper cell proliferation and migration by sponging miR-513b-5p to regulate the expression of LARP4. This research may provide some referential value to OC treatment.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wumei Lin
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.106 Zhongshan 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Haiyan Ye
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.106 Zhongshan 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Keli You
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.106 Zhongshan 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Le Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.106 Zhongshan 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
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Differential DNA methylation in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is associated with tumor behavior. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17996. [PMID: 31784612 PMCID: PMC6884482 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54401-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The epigenome offers an additional facet of cancer that can help categorize patients into those at risk of disease, recurrence, or treatment failure. We conducted a retrospective, nested, case-control study of advanced and recurrent high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) patients in which we assessed epigenome-wide association using Illumina methylationEPIC arrays to characterize DNA methylation status and RNAseq to evaluate gene expression. Comparing HGSOC tumors with normal fallopian tube tissues we observe global hypomethylation but with skewing towards hypermethylation when interrogating gene promoters. In total, 5,852 gene interrogating probes revealed significantly different methylation. Within HGSOC, 57 probes highlighting 17 genes displayed significant differential DNA methylation between primary and recurrent disease. Between optimal vs suboptimal surgical outcomes 99 probes displayed significantly different methylation but only 29 genes showed an inverse correlation between methylation status and gene expression. Overall, differentially methylated genes point to several pathways including RAS as well as hippo signaling in normal vs primary HGSOC; valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation and endocytosis in primary vs recurrent HGSOC; and pathways containing immune driver genes in optimal vs suboptimal surgical outcomes. Thus, differential DNA methylation identified numerous genes that could serve as potential biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets in HGSOC.
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Reavis H, Drapkin R. H2Bub1: Guardian of chromatin accessibility in ovarian cancer. Oncoscience 2019; 6:349-350. [PMID: 31608296 PMCID: PMC6768845 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hunter Reavis
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Dvorská D, Braný D, Nagy B, Grendár M, Poka R, Soltész B, Jagelková M, Zelinová K, Lasabová Z, Zubor P, Danková Z. Aberrant Methylation Status of Tumour Suppressor Genes in Ovarian Cancer Tissue and Paired Plasma Samples. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174119. [PMID: 31450846 PMCID: PMC6747242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease and its formation is affected by many epidemiological factors. It has typical lack of early signs and symptoms, and almost 70% of ovarian cancers are diagnosed in advanced stages. Robust, early and non-invasive ovarian cancer diagnosis will certainly be beneficial. Herein we analysed the regulatory sequence methylation profiles of the RASSF1, PTEN, CDH1 and PAX1 tumour suppressor genes by pyrosequencing in healthy, benign and malignant ovarian tissues, and corresponding plasma samples. We recorded statistically significant higher methylation levels (p < 0.05) in the CDH1 and PAX1 genes in malignant tissues than in controls (39.06 ± 18.78 versus 24.22 ± 6.93; 13.55 ± 10.65 versus 5.73 ± 2.19). Higher values in the CDH1 gene were also found in plasma samples (22.25 ± 14.13 versus 46.42 ± 20.91). A similar methylation pattern with positive correlation between plasma and benign lesions was noted in the CDH1 gene (r = 0.886, p = 0.019) and malignant lesions in the PAX1 gene (r = 0.771, p < 0.001). The random forest algorithm combining methylation indices of all four genes and age determined 0.932 AUC (area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve) prediction power in the model classifying malignant lesions and controls. Our study results indicate the effects of methylation changes in ovarian cancer development and suggest that the CDH1 gene is a potential candidate for non-invasive diagnosis of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Dvorská
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Dušan Braný
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Bálint Nagy
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Marián Grendár
- Bioinformatic Unit, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Robert Poka
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Beáta Soltész
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Marianna Jagelková
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Martin University Hospital, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
- Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Zelinová
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Martin University Hospital, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
- Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Zora Lasabová
- Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Zubor
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Martin University Hospital, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Danková
- Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
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Yang M, Zhai Z, Zhang Y, Wang Y. Clinical significance and oncogene function of long noncoding RNA HAGLROS overexpression in ovarian cancer. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2019; 300:703-710. [PMID: 31197441 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-019-05218-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the clinical significance and mechanism of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) HAGLROS in ovarian cancer. METHODS The expression of HAGLROS in ovarian cancer was verified by online databases and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters was analysed. Pearson correlation analysis was used to study the correlation between HAGLROS and miR-100 in ovarian cancer. Meta-analysis was used to explore the expression of miR-100 in ovarian cancer. In addition, we used bioinformatics to explore the target genes of miR-100 and perform functional analysis. RESULTS HAGLROS was significantly upregulated in ovarian cancer (P < 0.001) and was closely related to disease stage (P = 0.033), tumour size (P = 0.032) and poor prognosis (P = 0.019). HAGLROS had a certain diagnostic value in ovarian cancer (area under the curve = 0.751). MiR-100 was negatively correlated with HAGLROS (r = 0.167, P = 0.001) and significantly downregulated in ovarian cancer. Bioinformatics analysis predicted a total of 31 potential target genes that interact with miR-100. These target genes were mainly involved in the regulation of cellular catabolic process, proteoglycan biosynthetic process and positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process. Among them, mTOR and ZNRF2 are hub genes. CONCLUSION HAGLROS is a potential biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of ovarian cancer. It can be used as a molecular sponge of miR-100 to regulate the expression of mTOR and ZNRF2 and affect the signal transduction of the mTOR pathway. HAGLROS is expected to be a new target for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqin Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Zhensheng Zhai
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
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Yang M, Zhai Z, Guo S, Li X, Zhu Y, Wang Y. Long non-coding RNA FLJ33360 participates in ovarian cancer progression by sponging miR-30b-3p. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:4469-4480. [PMID: 31239715 PMCID: PMC6560195 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s205622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play a key role in the development and progression of human malignancies. FLJ33360 is an lncRNA with unknown functions. This study was designed to determine the clinical significance and mechanism of FLJ33360 in ovarian cancer. Materials and methods The clinical significance of FLJ33360 in ovarian cancer was determined using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database, Kaplan-Meier Plotter database, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and statistical analysis. The regulatory relationships between FLJ33360 and miR-30b-3p were explored through bioinformatics, the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, the ArrayExpress database and meta-analysis. The possible pathways were predicted using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. In addition, the key target genes were identified using a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and correlation analysis. Results FLJ33360 expression was significantly downregulated in ovarian cancer tissue (P=0.0011) and was closely associated with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage (P=0.027) and recurrence (P=0.002). FLJ33360 may have potential value in detecting ovarian cancer (area under the curve =0.793). Function analysis demonstrated that FLJ33360 can act as a molecular sponge of miR-30b-3p to regulate the expression of target genes that are mainly involved in positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration, the unsaturated fatty acid metabolic process, and positive regulation of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Among these target genes, BCL2 is the hub gene. Conclusion FLJ33360 is a potential biomarker for early diagnosis and prognostic assessment in ovarian cancer and may regulate the expression of genes by sponging miR-30b-3p and thus participate in the development of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqin Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhensheng Zhai
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzho 450000, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxi Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxia Zhu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, People's Republic of China
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Gu S, Lin S, Ye D, Qian S, Jiang D, Zhang X, Li Q, Yang J, Ying X, Li Z, Tang M, Wang J, Jin M, Chen K. Genome-wide methylation profiling identified novel differentially hypermethylated biomarker MPPED2 in colorectal cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:41. [PMID: 30846004 PMCID: PMC6407227 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0628-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic alternation is a common contributing factor to neoplastic transformation. Although previous studies have reported a cluster of aberrant promoter methylation changes associated with silencing of tumor suppressor genes, little is known concerning their sequential DNA methylation changes during the carcinogenetic process. The aim of the present study was to address a genome-wide search for identifying potentially important methylated changes and investigate the onset and pattern of methylation changes during the progression of colorectal neoplasia. METHODS A three-phase design was employed in this study. In the screening phase, DNA methylation profile of 12 pairs of colorectal cancer (CRC) and adjacent normal tissues was analyzed by using the Illumina MethylationEPIC BeadChip. Significant CpG sites were selected based on a cross-validation analysis from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Methylation levels of candidate CpGs were assessed using pyrosequencing in the training dataset (tumor lesions and adjacent normal tissues from 46 CRCs) and the validation dataset (tumor lesions and paired normal tissues from 13 hyperplastic polyps, 129 adenomas, and 256 CRCs). A linear mixed-effects model was used to examine the incremental changes of DNA methylation during the progression of colorectal neoplasia. RESULTS The comparisons between normal and tumor samples in the screening phase revealed an extensive CRC-specific methylomic pattern with 174,006 (21%) methylated CpG sites, of which 22,232 (13%) were hyermethylated and 151,774 (87%) were hypomethylated. Hypermethylation mostly occurred in CpG islands with an overlap of gene promoters, while hypomethylation tended to be mapped far away from functional regions. Further cross validation analysis from TCGA dataset confirmed 265 hypermethylated promoters coupling with downregulated gene expression. Among which, hypermethylated changes in MEEPD2 promoter was successfully replicated in both training and validation phase. Significant hypermethylation appeared since precursor lesions with an extensive modification in CRCs. The linear mixed-effects modeling analysis found that a cumulative pattern of MPPED2 methylation changes from normal mucosa to hyperplastic polyp to adenoma, and to carcinoma (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that epigenetic alterations of MPPED2 promoter region appear sequentially during the colorectal neoplastic progression. It might be able to serve as a promising biomarker for early diagnosis and stage surveillance of colorectal tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Gu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shujuan Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ding Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University School of Public Health, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Sangni Qian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Danjie Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaocong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qilong Li
- Jiashan Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, 345 Jiefangdong Road, Jiashan, 314100, China
| | - Jinhua Yang
- Jiashan Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, 345 Jiefangdong Road, Jiashan, 314100, China
| | - Xiaojiang Ying
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, 568 Zhongxingbei Road, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Zhenjun Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, 568 Zhongxingbei Road, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Mengling Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jianbing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mingjuan Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Cancer Institute, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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Pisanic TR, Asaka S, Lin SF, Yen TT, Sun H, Bahadirli-Talbott A, Wang TH, Burns KH, Wang TL, Shih IM. Long Interspersed Nuclear Element 1 Retrotransposons Become Deregulated during the Development of Ovarian Cancer Precursor Lesions. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:513-520. [PMID: 30553834 PMCID: PMC6412403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that most high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas likely arise from local dissemination of precursor lesions of the fallopian tube. Evolution of these lesions from early p53 signatures to latter-stage, serous tubal intraepithelial carcinomas (STICs) is characterized by cytologic atypia, accumulation of somatic mutations, and genomic instability, the etiologies of which remain unclear. Long interspersed element 1 (LINE-1) retrotransposon is expressed in many carcinomas, including high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma, where it contributes to genomic instability; however, the timing of LINE-1 activation during this evolution has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we assessed LINE-1 open reading frame 1 protein expression in 12 p53 signature lesions, 32 STICs, and 112 various types of ovarian cancers via immunohistochemical staining and examined LINE-1 promoter methylation in representative cases. We found that 78% and 57% of STICs, with and without concurrent ovarian carcinomas, respectively, exhibited intense LINE-1 immunoreactivity compared with adjacent, normal-appearing fallopian tube epithelium. Hypomethylation of the LINE-1 promoter was found in all STICs exhibiting overexpression. None of the 12 p53 signatures demonstrated significant LINE-1 expression. In ovarian cancer, 84 (75%) of 112 ovarian carcinomas overexpressed LINE-1. Our results indicate that LINE-1 retrotransposons often become deregulated during progression of ovarian cancer precursor lesions from the p53 signature to STIC stages and remain highly expressed in carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Pisanic
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shiho Asaka
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shiou-Fu Lin
- Department of Pathology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ting-Tai Yen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hanru Sun
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Tza-Huei Wang
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kathleen H Burns
- Department of Pathology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland; McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tian-Li Wang
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Pathology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ie-Ming Shih
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Pathology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland.
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