1
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Uccella S. Molecular Classification of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Are We Ready for That? Endocr Pathol 2024; 35:91-106. [PMID: 38470548 PMCID: PMC11176254 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-024-09807-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
In the last two decades, the increasing availability of technologies for molecular analyses has allowed an insight in the genomic alterations of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. This knowledge has confirmed, supported, and informed the pathological classification of NEN, clarifying the differences between neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC) and neuroendocrine tumors (NET) and helping to define the G3 NET category. At the same time, the identification genomic alterations, in terms of gene mutation, structural abnormalities, and epigenetic changes differentially involved in the pathogenesis of NEC and NET has identified potential molecular targets for precision therapy. This review critically recapitulates the available molecular features of digestive NEC and NET, highlighting their correlates with pathological aspects and clinical characteristics of these neoplasms and revising their role as predictive biomarkers for targeted therapy. In this context, the feasibility and applicability of a molecular classification of gastrointestinal and pancreatic NEN will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Uccella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.
- Pathology Service IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
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2
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Wang X, Chiang AC. Big Decisions on Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Focus on Clinical Care Updates and Patient Perspectives. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2024; 44:e432520. [PMID: 38830134 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_432520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an uncommon, aggressive high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma, associated with tobacco use. It is a highly chemosensitive disease that initially responds quickly to systemic therapy, although patients with SCLC tend to develop relapse. Although the landscape of SCLC treatment has remained stagnant for many decades, the field has seen notable advances in the past few years, including the use of immunotherapy, the development of further lines of systemic therapy, the refinement of thoracic and intracranial radiotherapy, and-most recently-the promise of more targeted therapies. Patients with SCLC also must face unique psychosocial burdens in their experience with their cancer, distinct from patients with other lung cancer. In this article, we review the latest literature and future directions in the management and investigation of SCLC, as well as the critical decisions that providers and patients must navigate in the current landscape. We also present the perspectives of several patients with SCLC in conjunction with this summary, to spotlight their individual journeys in the context of this challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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3
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La Salvia A, Meyer ML, Hirsch FR, Kerr KM, Landi L, Tsao MS, Cappuzzo F. Rediscovering immunohistochemistry in lung cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 200:104401. [PMID: 38815876 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Several observations indicate that protein expression analysis by immunohistochemistry (IHC) remains relevant in individuals with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) when considering targeted therapy, as an early step in diagnosis and for therapy selection. Since the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS), the role of IHC in testing for NSCLC biomarkers has been forgotten or ignored. We discuss how protein-level investigations maintain a critical role in defining sensitivity to lung cancer therapies in oncogene- and non-oncogene-addicted cases and in patients eligible for immunotherapy, suggesting that IHC testing should be reconsidered in clinical practice. We also argue how a panel of IHC tests should be considered complementary to NGS and other genomic assays. This is relevant to current clinical diagnostic practice but with potential future roles to optimize the selection of patients for innovative therapies. At the same time, strict validation of antibodies, assays, scoring systems, and intra- and interobserver reproducibility is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna La Salvia
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome 00161, Italy
| | - May-Lucie Meyer
- Center for Thoracic Oncology/Tisch Cancer Institute and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fred R Hirsch
- Center for Thoracic Oncology/Tisch Cancer Institute and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Keith M Kerr
- Aberdeen University School of Medicine & Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Lorenza Landi
- Medical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Regina Elena", Rome, Italy
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Federico Cappuzzo
- Medical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Regina Elena", Rome, Italy.
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4
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Shi Q, Xue C, Zeng Y, Yuan X, Chu Q, Jiang S, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhu D, Li L. Notch signaling pathway in cancer: from mechanistic insights to targeted therapies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:128. [PMID: 38797752 PMCID: PMC11128457 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01828-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling, renowned for its role in regulating cell fate, organ development, and tissue homeostasis across metazoans, is highly conserved throughout evolution. The Notch receptor and its ligands are transmembrane proteins containing epidermal growth factor-like repeat sequences, typically necessitating receptor-ligand interaction to initiate classical Notch signaling transduction. Accumulating evidence indicates that the Notch signaling pathway serves as both an oncogenic factor and a tumor suppressor in various cancer types. Dysregulation of this pathway promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis in malignancies, closely linked to cancer proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Furthermore, the Notch signaling pathway contributes to maintaining stem-like properties in cancer cells, thereby enhancing cancer invasiveness. The regulatory role of the Notch signaling pathway in cancer metabolic reprogramming and the tumor microenvironment suggests its pivotal involvement in balancing oncogenic and tumor suppressive effects. Moreover, the Notch signaling pathway is implicated in conferring chemoresistance to tumor cells. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of these biological processes is crucial for developing innovative therapeutic strategies targeting Notch signaling. This review focuses on the research progress of the Notch signaling pathway in cancers, providing in-depth insights into the potential mechanisms of Notch signaling regulation in the occurrence and progression of cancer. Additionally, the review summarizes pharmaceutical clinical trials targeting Notch signaling for cancer therapy, aiming to offer new insights into therapeutic strategies for human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Chen Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yifan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Qingfei Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Shuwen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jinzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Danhua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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5
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Su PL, Chakravarthy K, Furuya N, Brownstein J, Yu J, Long M, Carbone D, Li Z, He K. DLL3-guided therapies in small-cell lung cancer: from antibody-drug conjugate to precision immunotherapy and radioimmunotherapy. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:97. [PMID: 38730427 PMCID: PMC11084107 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
DLL3 acts as an inhibitory ligand that downregulates Notch signaling and is upregulated by ASCL1, a transcription factor prevalent in the small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) subtype SCLC-A. Currently, the therapeutic strategies targeting DLL3 are varied, including antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs), and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies. Although rovalpituzumab tesirine (Rova-T) showed promise in a phase II study, it failed to produce favorable results in subsequent phase III trials, leading to the cessation of its development. Conversely, DLL3-targeted BiTEs have garnered significant clinical interest. Tarlatamab, for instance, demonstrated enhanced response rates and progression-free survival compared to the standard of care in a phase II trial; its biologics license application (BLA) is currently under US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) review. Numerous ongoing phase III studies aim to further evaluate tarlatamab's clinical efficacy, alongside the development of novel DLL3-targeted T-cell engagers, both bispecific and trispecific. CAR-T cell therapies targeting DLL3 have recently emerged and are undergoing various preclinical and early-phase clinical studies. Additionally, preclinical studies have shown promising efficacy for DLL3-targeted radiotherapy, which employs β-particle-emitting therapeutic radioisotopes conjugated to DLL3-targeting antibodies. DLL3-targeted therapies hold substantial potential for SCLC management. Future clinical trials will be crucial for comparing treatment outcomes among various approaches and exploring combination therapies to improve patient survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Lan Su
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 494 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 W 10th Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Rd., North District, Tainan, 704, Taiwan
| | - Karthik Chakravarthy
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 494 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 W 10th Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- The Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 460 W 10th Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Naoki Furuya
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 494 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 W 10th Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Jeremy Brownstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W 10th Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Meixiao Long
- The Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 460 W 10th Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 460 W 10th Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - David Carbone
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 494 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 W 10th Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- The Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 460 W 10th Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Zihai Li
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 494 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 W 10th Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- The Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 460 W 10th Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Kai He
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 494 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 W 10th Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- The Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 460 W 10th Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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6
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Mallmann MR, Tamir S, Alfter K, Ratiu D, Quaas A, Domroese CM. Expression of Potential Antibody-Drug Conjugate Targets in Cervical Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1787. [PMID: 38730739 PMCID: PMC11083445 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: There is a huge unmet clinical need for novel treatment strategies in advanced and recurrent cervical cancer. Several cell membrane-bound molecules are up-regulated in cancer cells as compared to normal tissue and have revived interest with the introduction of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). (2) Methods: In this study, we characterize the expression of 10 potential ADC targets, TROP2, mesotheline, CEACAM5, DLL3, folate receptor alpha, guanylatcyclase, glycoprotein NMB, CD56, CD70 and CD138, on the gene expression level. Of these, the three ADC targets TROP2, CEACAM5 and CD138 were further analyzed on the protein level. (3) Results: TROP2 shows expression in 98.5% (66/67) of cervical cancer samples. CEACAM5 shows a stable gene expression profile and overall, 68.7% (46/67) of cervical cancer samples are CEACAM-positive with 34.3% (23/67) of cervical cancer samples showing at least moderate or high expression. Overall, 73.1% (49/67) of cervical cancer samples are CD138-positive with 38.8% (26/67) of cervical cancer samples showing at least moderate or high expression. (4) Conclusions: TROP2, CEACAM5 or CD138 do seem suitable for further clinical research and the data presented here might be used to guide further clinical trials with ADCs in advanced and recurrent cervical cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Mallmann
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (D.R.); (A.Q.); (C.M.D.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of the City of Cologne, 51069 Cologne, Germany; (S.T.); (K.A.)
| | - Sina Tamir
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of the City of Cologne, 51069 Cologne, Germany; (S.T.); (K.A.)
| | - Katharina Alfter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of the City of Cologne, 51069 Cologne, Germany; (S.T.); (K.A.)
| | - Dominik Ratiu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (D.R.); (A.Q.); (C.M.D.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (D.R.); (A.Q.); (C.M.D.)
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pathology, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian M. Domroese
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (D.R.); (A.Q.); (C.M.D.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Germany
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7
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Maris M, Salles G, Kim WS, Kim TM, Lyons RM, Arellano M, Karmali R, Schiller G, Cull E, Abboud CN, Batlevi C, Kagiampakis I, Rebelatto MC, Lee Y, Kirby LC, Wang F, Bothos J, Townsley DM, Fathi AT, Ribrag V. ASCT2-Targeting Antibody-Drug Conjugate MEDI7247 in Adult Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Hematological Malignancies: A First-in-Human, Phase 1 Study. Target Oncol 2024; 19:321-332. [PMID: 38683495 PMCID: PMC11111564 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-024-01054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MEDI7247 is a first-in-class antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) consisting of an anti-sodium-dependent alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 2 antibody-conjugated to a pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimer. OBJECTIVE This first-in-human phase 1 trial evaluated MEDI7247 in patients with hematological malignancies. PATIENTS AND METHODS Adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), multiple myeloma (MM), or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) relapsed or refractory (R/R) to standard therapies, or for whom no standard therapy exists, were eligible. Primary endpoints were safety and determination of the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Secondary endpoints included assessments of antitumor activity, pharmacokinetics (PK), and immunogenicity. RESULTS As of 26 March 2020, 67 patients were treated (AML: n = 27; MM: n = 18; DLBCL: n = 22). The most common MEDI7247-related adverse events (AEs) were thrombocytopenia (41.8%), neutropenia (35.8%), and anemia (28.4%). The most common treatment-related grade 3/4 AEs were thrombocytopenia (38.8%), neutropenia (34.3%), and anemia (22.4%). Anticancer activity (number of responders/total patients evaluated) was observed in 11/67 (16.4%) patients. No correlation was observed between ASCT2 expression and clinical response. Between-patient variability of systemic exposure of MEDI7247 ADC and total antibody were high (AUCinf geometric CV%: 62.3-134.2, and 74.8-126.1, respectively). SG3199 (PBD dimer) plasma concentrations were below the limit of quantification for all patients after Study Day 8. Anti-drug antibody (ADA) prevalence was 7.7%, ADA incidence was 1.9%, and persistent-positive ADA was 5.8%. CONCLUSIONS Thrombocytopenia and neutropenia limited repeat dosing. Although limited clinical activity was detected, the dose-escalation phase was stopped early without establishing an MTD. The study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03106428).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Maris
- Colorado Blood Cancer Institute and Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Won Seog Kim
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Min Kim
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Martha Arellano
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Reem Karmali
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gary Schiller
- David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Cull
- Prisma Health, Cancer Institute-Eastside, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Camille N Abboud
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Connie Batlevi
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Marlon C Rebelatto
- Early Oncology Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Young Lee
- Early Oncology Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Lyndon C Kirby
- Early Oncology Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Fujun Wang
- Biostatistics, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - John Bothos
- Early Oncology Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Amir T Fathi
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vincent Ribrag
- Department of Hematology, Drug Development Department (DITEP), Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif Cedex, France.
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Gitto SB, Whicker M, Davies G, Kumar S, Kinneer K, Xu H, Lewis A, Mamidi S, Medvedev S, Kim H, Anderton J, Tang EJ, Ferman B, Coats S, Wilkinson RW, Brown E, Powell DJ, Simpkins F. A B7-H4-Targeting Antibody-Drug Conjugate Shows Antitumor Activity in PARPi and Platinum-Resistant Cancers with B7-H4 Expression. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:1567-1581. [PMID: 37882675 PMCID: PMC11034955 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Platinum and PARP inhibitors (PARPi) demonstrate activity in breast and ovarian cancers, but drug resistance ultimately emerges. Here, we examine B7-H4 expression in primary and recurrent high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) and the activity of a B7-H4-directed antibody-drug conjugate (B7-H4-ADC), using a pyrrolobenzodiazepine-dimer payload, in PARPi- and platinum-resistant HGSOC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN B7-H4 expression was quantified by flow cytometry and IHC. B7-H4-ADC efficacy was tested against multiple cell lines in vitro and PDX in vivo. The effect of B7-H4-ADC on cell cycle, DNA damage, and apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry. RESULTS B7-H4 is overexpressed in 92% of HGSOC tumors at diagnosis (n = 12), persisted in recurrent matched samples after platinum treatment, and was expressed at similar levels across metastatic sites after acquired multi-drug resistance (n = 4). Treatment with B7-H4-ADC resulted in target-specific growth inhibition of multiple ovarian and breast cancer cell lines. In platinum- or PARPi-resistant ovarian cancer cells, B7-H4-ADC significantly decreased viability and colony formation while increasing cell-cycle arrest and DNA damage, ultimately leading to apoptosis. Single-dose B7-H4-ADC led to tumor regression in 65.5% of breast and ovarian PDX models (n = 29), with reduced activity in B7-H4 low or negative models. In PARPi and platinum-resistant HGSOC PDX models, scheduled B7-H4-ADC dosing led to sustained tumor regression and increased survival. CONCLUSIONS These data support B7-H4 as an attractive ADC target for treatment of drug-resistant HGSOC and provide evidence for activity of an ADC with a DNA-damaging payload in this population. See related commentary by Veneziani et al., p. 1434.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B. Gitto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Margaret Whicker
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | | | - Sushil Kumar
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | | | - Haineng Xu
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | | | | | - Sergey Medvedev
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Hyoung Kim
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | | | - E. Jessica Tang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Benjamin Ferman
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | | | | | - Eric Brown
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Daniel J. Powell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Fiona Simpkins
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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9
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Wang S, Gu S, Chen J, Yuan Z, Liang P, Cui H. Mechanism of Notch Signaling Pathway in Malignant Progression of Glioblastoma and Targeted Therapy. Biomolecules 2024; 14:480. [PMID: 38672496 PMCID: PMC11048644 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive form of glioma and the most common primary tumor of the central nervous system. Despite significant advances in clinical management strategies and diagnostic techniques for GBM in recent years, it remains a fatal disease. The current standard of care includes surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, but the five-year survival rate for patients is less than 5%. The search for a more precise diagnosis and earlier intervention remains a critical and urgent challenge in clinical practice. The Notch signaling pathway is a critical signaling system that has been extensively studied in the malignant progression of glioblastoma. This highly conserved signaling cascade is central to a variety of biological processes, including growth, proliferation, self-renewal, migration, apoptosis, and metabolism. In GBM, accumulating data suggest that the Notch signaling pathway is hyperactive and contributes to GBM initiation, progression, and treatment resistance. This review summarizes the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of the Notch signaling pathway in GBM, as well as some clinical advances targeting the Notch signaling pathway in cancer and glioblastoma, highlighting its potential as a focus for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghao Wang
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China;
| | - Sikuan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (S.G.); (J.C.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Junfan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (S.G.); (J.C.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhiqiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (S.G.); (J.C.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (S.G.); (J.C.); (Z.Y.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
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10
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MacLean MR, Walker OL, Arun RP, Fernando W, Marcato P. Informed by Cancer Stem Cells of Solid Tumors: Advances in Treatments Targeting Tumor-Promoting Factors and Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4102. [PMID: 38612911 PMCID: PMC11012648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a subpopulation within tumors that promote cancer progression, metastasis, and recurrence due to their self-renewal capacity and resistance to conventional therapies. CSC-specific markers and signaling pathways highly active in CSCs have emerged as a promising strategy for improving patient outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the therapeutic targets associated with CSCs of solid tumors across various cancer types, including key molecular markers aldehyde dehydrogenases, CD44, epithelial cellular adhesion molecule, and CD133 and signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, and Sonic Hedgehog. We discuss a wide array of therapeutic modalities ranging from targeted antibodies, small molecule inhibitors, and near-infrared photoimmunotherapy to advanced genetic approaches like RNA interference, CRISPR/Cas9 technology, aptamers, antisense oligonucleotides, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, CAR natural killer cells, bispecific T cell engagers, immunotoxins, drug-antibody conjugates, therapeutic peptides, and dendritic cell vaccines. This review spans developments from preclinical investigations to ongoing clinical trials, highlighting the innovative targeting strategies that have been informed by CSC-associated pathways and molecules to overcome therapeutic resistance. We aim to provide insights into the potential of these therapies to revolutionize cancer treatment, underscoring the critical need for a multi-faceted approach in the battle against cancer. This comprehensive analysis demonstrates how advances made in the CSC field have informed significant developments in novel targeted therapeutic approaches, with the ultimate goal of achieving more effective and durable responses in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya R. MacLean
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (M.R.M.); (O.L.W.); (R.P.A.); (W.F.)
| | - Olivia L. Walker
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (M.R.M.); (O.L.W.); (R.P.A.); (W.F.)
| | - Raj Pranap Arun
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (M.R.M.); (O.L.W.); (R.P.A.); (W.F.)
| | - Wasundara Fernando
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (M.R.M.); (O.L.W.); (R.P.A.); (W.F.)
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Paola Marcato
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (M.R.M.); (O.L.W.); (R.P.A.); (W.F.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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11
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Bernal A, Bechler AJ, Mohan K, Rizzino A, Mathew G. The Current Therapeutic Landscape for Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:351. [PMID: 38543137 PMCID: PMC10974045 DOI: 10.3390/ph17030351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2024, there will be an estimated 1,466,718 cases of prostate cancer (PC) diagnosed globally, of which 299,010 cases are estimated to be from the US. The typical clinical approach for PC involves routine screening, diagnosis, and standard lines of treatment. However, not all patients respond to therapy and are subsequently diagnosed with treatment emergent neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). There are currently no approved treatments for this form of aggressive PC. In this review, a compilation of the clinical trials regimen to treat late-stage NEPC using novel targets and/or a combination approach is presented. The novel targets assessed include DLL3, EZH2, B7-H3, Aurora-kinase-A (AURKA), receptor tyrosine kinases, PD-L1, and PD-1. Among these, the trials administering drugs Alisertib or Cabozantinib, which target AURKA or receptor tyrosine kinases, respectively, appear to have promising results. The least effective trials appear to be ones that target the immune checkpoint pathways PD-1/PD-L1. Many promising clinical trials are currently in progress. Consequently, the landscape of successful treatment regimens for NEPC is extremely limited. These trial results and the literature on the topic emphasize the need for new preventative measures, diagnostics, disease specific biomarkers, and a thorough clinical understanding of NEPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Bernal
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA; (A.B.); (A.J.B.); (K.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Alivia Jane Bechler
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA; (A.B.); (A.J.B.); (K.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Kabhilan Mohan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA; (A.B.); (A.J.B.); (K.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Angie Rizzino
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA; (A.B.); (A.J.B.); (K.M.); (A.R.)
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA
| | - Grinu Mathew
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA; (A.B.); (A.J.B.); (K.M.); (A.R.)
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA
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12
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Zhou L, Lu Y, Liu W, Wang S, Wang L, Zheng P, Zi G, Liu H, Liu W, Wei S. Drug conjugates for the treatment of lung cancer: from drug discovery to clinical practice. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:26. [PMID: 38429828 PMCID: PMC10908151 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
A drug conjugate consists of a cytotoxic drug bound via a linker to a targeted ligand, allowing the targeted delivery of the drug to one or more tumor sites. This approach simultaneously reduces drug toxicity and increases efficacy, with a powerful combination of efficient killing and precise targeting. Antibody‒drug conjugates (ADCs) are the best-known type of drug conjugate, combining the specificity of antibodies with the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs to reduce adverse reactions by preferentially targeting the payload to the tumor. The structure of ADCs has also provided inspiration for the development of additional drug conjugates. In recent years, drug conjugates such as ADCs, peptide‒drug conjugates (PDCs) and radionuclide drug conjugates (RDCs) have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The scope and application of drug conjugates have been expanding, including combination therapy and precise drug delivery, and a variety of new conjugation technology concepts have emerged. Additionally, new conjugation technology-based drugs have been developed in industry. In addition to chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy, drug conjugate therapy has undergone continuous development and made significant progress in treating lung cancer in recent years, offering a promising strategy for the treatment of this disease. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the use of drug conjugates for lung cancer treatment, including structure-based drug design, mechanisms of action, clinical trials, and side effects. Furthermore, challenges, potential approaches and future prospects are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunlong Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shanglong Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengdou Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guisha Zi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiguo Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wukun Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China.
| | - Shuang Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China.
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13
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Solta A, Ernhofer B, Boettiger K, Megyesfalvi Z, Heeke S, Hoda MA, Lang C, Aigner C, Hirsch FR, Schelch K, Döme B. Small cells - big issues: biological implications and preclinical advancements in small cell lung cancer. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:41. [PMID: 38395864 PMCID: PMC10893629 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01953-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Current treatment guidelines refer to small cell lung cancer (SCLC), one of the deadliest human malignancies, as a homogeneous disease. Accordingly, SCLC therapy comprises chemoradiation with or without immunotherapy. Meanwhile, recent studies have made significant advances in subclassifying SCLC based on the elevated expression of the transcription factors ASCL1, NEUROD1, and POU2F3, as well as on certain inflammatory characteristics. The role of the transcription regulator YAP1 in defining a unique SCLC subset remains to be established. Although preclinical analyses have described numerous subtype-specific characteristics and vulnerabilities, the so far non-existing clinical subtype distinction may be a contributor to negative clinical trial outcomes. This comprehensive review aims to provide a framework for the development of novel personalized therapeutic approaches by compiling the most recent discoveries achieved by preclinical SCLC research. We highlight the challenges faced due to limited access to patient material as well as the advances accomplished by implementing state-of-the-art models and methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Solta
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Büsra Ernhofer
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristiina Boettiger
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zsolt Megyesfalvi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Semmelweis University and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Simon Heeke
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mir Alireza Hoda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Lang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Aigner
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fred R Hirsch
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Mount Sinai Health System, Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Karin Schelch
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Balazs Döme
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Semmelweis University and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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14
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Miyahira AK, Soule HR. The 29th Annual Prostate Cancer Foundation Scientific Retreat Report. Prostate 2024; 84:113-130. [PMID: 37915138 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 29th Annual Prostate Cancer Foundation (PCF) Scientific Retreat was held from October 27 to 29, 2022, at the Omni La Costa Resort in Carlsbad, CA. This was the first-ever hybrid PCF Retreat. METHODS The Annual PCF Scientific Retreat is a prominent international scientific gathering centered on groundbreaking, unpublished, and influential studies in basic, translational, and clinical prostate cancer research. It also covers research from related fields with a strong potential for influencing prostate cancer research and patient care. RESULTS Key areas of research that were focused on at the 2022 PCF Retreat included: (i) the contributions of molecular and genomic factors to prostate cancer disparities; (ii) novel clinical trial updates; (iii) lessons from primary prostate cancer; (iv) lessons from single-cell studies; (v) genetic, epigenetic, epitranscriptomic and posttranslational mechanisms and clinical heterogeneity in prostate cancer; (vi) biology of neuroendocrine and lineage-plastic prostate cancer; (vii) next generation prostate cancer theranostics and combination therapies; (viii) the biology and therapeutic potential of targeting phosphoinositide 3-kinases pathways; (ix) combining immunomodulatory treatments for prostate cancer; (x) novel gamma delta (γδ) T-cell therapy platforms for oncology; and (xi) lessons from other cancers. CONCLUSIONS This article provides a summary of the presentations from the 2022 PCF Scientific Retreat. By disseminating this knowledge, we hope to enhance our understanding of the present research landscape and guide future strides in both prostate cancer research and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea K Miyahira
- Science Department, Prostate Cancer Foundation, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | - Howard R Soule
- Science Department, Prostate Cancer Foundation, Santa Monica, California, USA
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15
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Tone M, Iwahori K. PD-1 expression on tumor cells: a new target for cancer therapy. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2024; 13:186-189. [PMID: 38404990 PMCID: PMC10891413 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-23-683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Tone
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kota Iwahori
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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16
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Zhou J, Du Z, Liang Y, Zhang S. Benefits and risks of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for recurrent small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 193:104222. [PMID: 38036155 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs) has revolutionized the progress of solid tumors. Ongoing clinical trials are exploring the use of checkpoint inhibitors in recurrent small-cell lung cancer and achieving specific results. Although studies have been conducted to systematically review this issue, we conducted this single-arm meta-analysis in light of the emergence of several new clinical studies. In total, 854 individuals from 11 clinical investigations were enrolled in this single-arm meta-analysis. Median progression-free survival, median overall survival, and objective response rate were 1.65 months, 6.83 months, and 20.5%, respectively, according to pooled analyses. The best treatment regimen in the subgroup analysis was a dual checkpoint inhibitor combined with other treatments, and the drug that worked well for treatment was pembrolizumab. The benefit of programmed death 1/programmed cell death-ligand 1(PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors alone is limited, and their combination with other therapies is a promising treatment option. Among PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, pembrolizumab is the recommended drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyue Zhou
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhonghai Du
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, Shandong, China.
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Sensen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, Shandong, China
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17
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Aryal S, Park S, Park H, Park C, Kim WC, Thakur D, Won YJ, Key J. Clinical Trials for Oral, Inhaled and Intravenous Drug Delivery System for Lung Cancer and Emerging Nanomedicine-Based Approaches. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:7865-7888. [PMID: 38146467 PMCID: PMC10749572 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s432839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide and is characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates and a poor prognosis. It is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States and worldwide. Most patients with lung cancer are treated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or surgery; however, effective treatment options remain limited. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of clinical trials, ranging from Phase I to III, conducted on drug delivery systems for lung cancer treatment. The trials included oral, inhaled, and intravenous administration of therapeutics. Furthermore, the study also talks about the evolving paradigm of targeted therapy and immunotherapy providing promising directions for personalized treatment. In addition, we summarize the best results and limitations of these drug delivery systems and discuss the potential capacity of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Aryal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon Province, 26493, Korea
| | - Sanghyo Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon Province, 26493, Korea
| | - Hyungkyu Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon Province, 26493, Korea
| | - Chaewon Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon Province, 26493, Korea
| | - Woo Cheol Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon Province, 26493, Korea
| | - Deepika Thakur
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon Province, 26493, Korea
| | - Young-Joo Won
- Division of Health Administration, College of Software Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon State, 26493, Korea
| | - Jaehong Key
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon Province, 26493, Korea
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18
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Filis P, Zerdes I, Soumala T, Matikas A, Foukakis T. The ever-expanding landscape of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in solid tumors: A systematic review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 192:104189. [PMID: 37866413 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The advent of targeted therapies signaled novel avenues for more optimal oncological outcomes. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have risen as a cornerstone of the ever-expanding targeted therapy era. The purpose of this systematic review is to delineate the rapidly evolving clinical landscape of ADCs for solid tumors. METHODS A literature search was performed in Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases for phase II and III clinical trials. Outcomes of interest were the objective response rate, overall survival, progression-free survival and adverse events. RESULTS A total of 92 clinical trials (76 phase II and 16 phase III) evaluated the efficacy and safety of ADCs for a plethora of solid tumors. Out of the 30 investigated ADCs, 8 have received approval by regulatory organizations for solid tumors. Currently, 52 phase III clinical trials for ADCs are ongoing. CONCLUSION ADCs have shown promising results for several solid tumors and various cancer settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Filis
- Department of Oncology/Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Ioannis Zerdes
- Department of Oncology/Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Breast Center, Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Theodora Soumala
- Department of Oncology/Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexios Matikas
- Department of Oncology/Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Breast Center, Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Theodoros Foukakis
- Department of Oncology/Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Breast Center, Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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19
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Shirasawa M, Yoshida T, Shiraishi K, Goto N, Yagishita S, Imabayashi T, Matsumoto Y, Masuda K, Shinno Y, Okuma Y, Goto Y, Horinouchi H, Yotsukura M, Yoshida Y, Nakagawa K, Naoki K, Tsuchida T, Hamamoto R, Yamamoto N, Motoi N, Kohno T, Watanabe SI, Ohe Y. Tumor microenvironment-mediated immune profiles and efficacy of anti-PD-L1 antibody plus chemotherapy stratified by DLL3 expression in small-cell lung cancer. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:2003-2013. [PMID: 37731022 PMCID: PMC10703835 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02427-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3) is a therapeutic target in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). However, how DLL3 expression status affects the tumor microenvironment (TME) and clinical outcomes in SCLC remains unclear. METHODS This retrospective study included patients with postoperative limited-stage (LS)-SCLC and extensive-stage (ES)-SCLC treated with platinum and etoposide (PE) plus anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody. We investigated the relationship of DLL3 expression with TME, mutation status, tumor neoantigens, and immunochemotherapy. RESULTS In the LS-SCLC cohort (n = 59), whole-exome sequencing revealed that DLL3High cases had significantly more neoantigens (P = 0.004) and a significantly higher rate of the signature SBS4 associated with smoking (P = 0.02) than DLL3Low cases. Transcriptome analysis in the LS-SCLC cohort revealed that DLL3High cases had significantly suppressed immune-related pathways and dendritic cell (DC) function. SCLC with DLL3High had significantly lower proportions of T cells, macrophages, and DCs than those with DLL3Low. In the ES-SCLC cohort (n = 30), the progression-free survival associated with PE plus anti-PD-L1 antibody was significantly worse in DLL3High cases than in DLL3Low cases (4.7 vs. 7.4 months, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Although SCLC with DLL3High had a higher neoantigen load, these tumors were resistant to immunochemotherapy due to suppressed tumor immunity by inhibiting antigen-presenting functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Shirasawa
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara city, Kanagawa, 252-0375, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yoshida
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Kouya Shiraishi
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Naoko Goto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yagishita
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Imabayashi
- Department of Endoscopy, Respiratory Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yuji Matsumoto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Endoscopy, Respiratory Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Ken Masuda
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yuki Shinno
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okuma
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yasushi Goto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hidehito Horinouchi
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Masaya Yotsukura
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yoshida
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuo Nakagawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Naoki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara city, Kanagawa, 252-0375, Japan
| | - Takaaki Tsuchida
- Department of Endoscopy, Respiratory Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Ryuji Hamamoto
- Division of Medical AI Research and Development, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Noboru Yamamoto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Noriko Motoi
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Watanabe
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ohe
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
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Song Z, Ma H, Sun H, Li Q, Liu Y, Xie J, Feng Y, Shang Y, Ma K, Zhang N, Wang J. Construction and validation of a nomogram to predict the overall survival of small cell lung cancer: a multicenter retrospective study in Shandong province, China. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1182. [PMID: 38041067 PMCID: PMC10693064 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11692-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients diagnosed with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) typically experience a poor prognosis, and it is essential to predict overall survival (OS) and stratify patients based on distinct prognostic risks. METHODS Totally 2309 SCLC patients from the hospitals in 15 cities of Shandong from 2010 - 2014 were included in this multicenter, population-based retrospective study. The data of SCLC patients during 2010-2013 and in 2014 SCLC were used for model development and validation, respectively. OS served as the primary outcome. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression were applied to identify the independent prognostic factors of SCLC, and a prognostic model was developed based on these factors. The discrimination and calibration of this model were assessed by the time-dependent C-index, time-dependent receiver operator characteristic curves (ROC), and calibration curves. Additionally, Decision Curve Analysis (DCA) curves, Net Reclassification Improvement (NRI), and Integrated Discriminant Improvement (IDI) were used to assess the enhanced clinical utility and predictive accuracy of the model compared to TNM staging systems. RESULTS Multivariate analysis showed that region (Southern/Eastern, hazard ratio [HR] = 1.305 [1.046 - 1.629]; Western/Eastern, HR = 0.727 [0.617 - 0.856]; Northern/Eastern, HR = 0.927 [0.800 - 1.074]), sex (female/male, HR = 0.838 [0.737 - 0.952]), age (46-60/≤45, HR = 1.401 [1.104 - 1.778]; 61-75/≤45, HR = 1.500 [1.182 - 1.902]; >75/≤45, HR = 1.869 [1.382 - 2.523]), TNM stage (II/I, HR = 1.119[0.800 - 1.565]; III/I, HR = 1.478 [1.100 - 1.985]; IV/I, HR = 1.986 [1.477 - 2.670], surgery (yes/no, HR = 0.677 [0.521 - 0.881]), chemotherapy (yes/no, HR = 0.708 [0.616 - 0.813]), and radiotherapy (yes/no, HR = 0.802 [0.702 - 0.917]) were independent prognostic factors of SCLC patients and were included in the nomogram. The time-dependent AUCs of this model in the training set were 0.699, 0.683, and 0.683 for predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS, and 0.698, 0.698, and 0.639 in the validation set, respectively. The predicted calibration curves aligned with the ideal curves, and the DCA curves, the IDI, and the NRI collectively demonstrated that the prognostic model had a superior net benefit than the TNM staging system. CONCLUSION The nomogram using SCLC patients in Shandong surpassed the TNM staging system in survival prediction accuracy and enabled the stratification of patients with distinct prognostic risks based on nomogram scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqian Song
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Hengmin Ma
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Qiuxia Li
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yukun Feng
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Yuwang Shang
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Kena Ma
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, China.
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Belluomini L, Sposito M, Avancini A, Insolda J, Milella M, Rossi A, Pilotto S. Unlocking New Horizons in Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treatment: The Onset of Antibody-Drug Conjugates. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5368. [PMID: 38001628 PMCID: PMC10670928 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive disease, accounting for about 15% of all lung cancer cases. Despite initial responses to chemoimmunotherapy, SCLC recurs and becomes resistant to treatment. Recently, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic option for SCLC. ADCs consist of an antibody that specifically targets a tumor antigen linked to a cytotoxic drug. The antibody delivers the drug directly to the cancer cells, minimizing off-target toxicity and improving the therapeutic index. Several ADCs targeting different tumor antigens are currently being evaluated in clinical trials for SCLC. Despite the negative results of rovalpituzumab tesirine (Rova-T), other ADCs targeting different antigens, such as B7-H3, seizure-related homolog 6 (SEZ6), and CEACAM5, have also been investigated in clinical trials, including for SCLC, and their results suggest preliminary activity, either alone or in combination with other therapies. More recently, sacituzumab govitecan, an anti-TROP2 ADC, demonstrated promising activity in lung cancer, including SCLC. Furthermore, an anti-B7-H3 (CD276), ifinatamab deruxtecan (DS7300A), showed a high response rate and durable responses in heavily pretreated SCLC. Overall, ADCs represent an intriguing approach to treating SCLC, particularly in the relapsed or refractory setting. Further studies are needed to determine their efficacy and safety and the best location in the treatment algorithm for SCLC. In this review, we aim to collect and describe the results regarding the past, the present, and the future of ADCs in SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Belluomini
- Section of Innovation Biomedicine—Oncology Area, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine (DIMI), University of Verona and University and Hospital Trust (AOUI) of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.B.); (M.S.); (A.A.); (J.I.); (M.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Marco Sposito
- Section of Innovation Biomedicine—Oncology Area, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine (DIMI), University of Verona and University and Hospital Trust (AOUI) of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.B.); (M.S.); (A.A.); (J.I.); (M.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Alice Avancini
- Section of Innovation Biomedicine—Oncology Area, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine (DIMI), University of Verona and University and Hospital Trust (AOUI) of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.B.); (M.S.); (A.A.); (J.I.); (M.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Jessica Insolda
- Section of Innovation Biomedicine—Oncology Area, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine (DIMI), University of Verona and University and Hospital Trust (AOUI) of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.B.); (M.S.); (A.A.); (J.I.); (M.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Michele Milella
- Section of Innovation Biomedicine—Oncology Area, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine (DIMI), University of Verona and University and Hospital Trust (AOUI) of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.B.); (M.S.); (A.A.); (J.I.); (M.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Antonio Rossi
- Therapeutic Science & Strategy Unit, Oncology Centre of Excellence, IQVIA, 20019 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Pilotto
- Section of Innovation Biomedicine—Oncology Area, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine (DIMI), University of Verona and University and Hospital Trust (AOUI) of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.B.); (M.S.); (A.A.); (J.I.); (M.M.); (S.P.)
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Bylsma LC, Pundole X, Ju CH, Hooda N, Movva N, Elkhouly E, Bebb G, Fryzek J, Martinez P, Balasubramanian A, Dingemans AMC. Systematic Literature Review of the Prevalence and Prognostic Value of Delta-Like Ligand 3 Protein Expression in Small Cell Lung Cancer. Target Oncol 2023; 18:821-835. [PMID: 37930513 PMCID: PMC10663197 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-023-01008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3), a member of the Notch pathway, has been identified as a potential therapeutic target as it is highly expressed in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), a subtype accounting for 15% of lung cancer cases. OBJECTIVE A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to understand the prevalence and prognostic impact of DLL3 expression on survival of patients with SCLC and treatment response. PATIENTS AND METHODS Systematic literature searches were conducted across multiple databases to capture studies of any SCLC population that evaluated DLL3 expression. Specific outcomes of interest included prevalence of DLL3 expression, method of expression analysis, and impact on outcome, including treatment response and survival (overall, progression-free, disease-free) according to varying levels of DLL3 expression/positivity. Standard risk of bias tools were used to evaluate study quality. RESULTS Among the 30 included studies, the most common DLL3 testing method was immunohistochemistry (N = 26, 86.7%). For comparability, results focused on the 13 (22.3%) studies that used the Ventana DLL3 (SP347) immunohistochemistry assay. The prevalence of DLL3 positivity ranged from 80.0-93.5% for studies using a threshold of ≥ 1% of tumor cells (N = 4) and 58.3-91.1% for studies with a ≥ 25% threshold (N = 4). DLL3 expression was generally categorized as high using cutoffs of ≥ 50% (prevalence range: 45.8-79.5%; N = 6) or ≥ 75% (prevalence range: 47.3-75.6%; N = 5) of cells with positivity. Two studies used an H-score of ≥ 150 to define high DLL3 expression with prevalence ranging from 33.3-53.1%. No consistent associations were seen between DLL3 expression level and patient age, sex, smoking history, or disease stage. Two studies reported change in DLL3 expression category (high versus low) before and after chemotherapy. No statistically significant differences were reported between DLL3 expression groups and survival (overall, progression-free, or disease-free) or treatment response. CONCLUSIONS There is a high prevalence of DLL3 expression in SCLC. Further research and analytical methods may help to characterize different populations of patients with SCLC based on DLL3 expression. While no significant prognostic factor in the included studies was identified, additional cohort studies using standardized methodology, with longer follow-up, are needed to better characterize any potential differences in patient survival or response by DLL3 expression level in SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C Bylsma
- EpidStrategies, A Division of ToxStrategies, LLC, Mission Viejo, CA, USA.
| | | | | | - Naushin Hooda
- EpidStrategies, A Division of ToxStrategies, LLC, Mission Viejo, CA, USA
| | - Naimisha Movva
- EpidStrategies, A Division of ToxStrategies, LLC, Mission Viejo, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Jon Fryzek
- EpidStrategies, A Division of ToxStrategies, LLC, Mission Viejo, CA, USA
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Canova S, Trevisan B, Abbate MI, Colonese F, Sala L, Baggi A, Bianchi SP, D'Agostino A, Cortinovis DL. Novel Therapeutic Options for Small Cell Lung Cancer. Curr Oncol Rep 2023; 25:1277-1294. [PMID: 37870696 PMCID: PMC10640463 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-023-01465-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this review is to focus on the recent advances in the molecular knowledge of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and potential promising new treatment strategies, like targeting the DNA damage pathway, epigenetics, angiogenesis, and oncogenic drivers. RECENT FINDINGS In the last few years, the addition of immunotherapy to chemotherapy has led to significant improvements in clinical outcomes in this complex neoplasia. Nevertheless, the prognosis remains dismal. Recently, numerous genomic alterations have been identified, and they may be useful to classify SCLC into different molecular subtypes (SCLC-A, SCLC-I, SCLC-Y, SCLC-P). SCLC accounts for 10-20% of all lung cancers, most patients have an extensive disease at the diagnosis, and it is characterized by poor prognosis. Despite the progresses in the knowledge of the disease, efficacious targeted treatments are still lacking. In the near future, the molecular characterisation of SCLC will be fundamental to find more effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Canova
- SC Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Benedetta Trevisan
- SC Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Brescia, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Ida Abbate
- SC Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Francesca Colonese
- SC Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Luca Sala
- SC Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Alice Baggi
- SC Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Brescia, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sofia Paola Bianchi
- Radiation Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna D'Agostino
- SC Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Diego Luigi Cortinovis
- SC Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy.
- Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
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24
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Yang W, Wang W, Li Z, Wu J, Huang X, Li J, Zhang X, Ye X. Delta-like ligand 3 in small cell lung cancer: Potential mechanism and treatment progress. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 191:104136. [PMID: 37716517 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of a pathological type of lung cancer, and it is characterized by invasiveness, high malignancy and refractoriness. The mortality rate of SCLC is significantly higher than other types of lung cancer, and the treatment options for SCLC patients are limited. Delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3) is a Notch signaling ligand that plays a role in regulating the proliferation, development and metastasis of SCLC cells. Mnay studies have shown that DLL3 is overexpressed on the surface of SCLC cells, suggesting that DLL3 is a potential target for SCLC patients. A series of drug trials targeting DLL3 are underway. The Phase III clinical trials of Rova-T, a drug targeting DLL3, have not yielded the expected results. However, other drugs that target DLL3, such as AMG119, AMG757 and DLL3-targeted NIR-PIT, bring new ideas for SCLC treatment. Overall, DLL3 remains a valuable target for SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichang Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhouhua Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Juan Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaotian Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jinbo Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoqun Ye
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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25
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Lacalle-Gonzalez C, Florez-Cespedes M, Sanz-Criado L, Ochieng’ Otieno M, Ramos-Muñoz E, Fernandez-Aceñero MJ, Ortega-Medina L, Garcia-Foncillas J, Martinez-Useros J. DLL3 Is a Prognostic and Potentially Predictive Biomarker for Immunotherapy Linked to PD/PD-L Axis and NOTCH1 in Pancreatic Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2812. [PMID: 37893184 PMCID: PMC10604228 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive neoplasm with very poor patient survival outcomes despite available treatments. There is an urgent need for new potential treatment options and novel biomarkers for these patients. Delta-like canonical Notch ligand 3 (DLL3) interacts with the Notch receptor and causes inhibition of Notch signaling, which confers a survival advantage to PDAC cells. Thus, DLL3 expression could affect cell survival, and its inhibition could increase a patient's survival. To test this hypothesis, a survival analysis was conducted using the progression-free and overall survival from two independent datasets of PDAC patients, with one using mRNA z-score levels and the other using the Hscore protein expression level; both were carried out using a log-rank test and plotted using Kaplan-Meier curves. DLL3 at the mRNA expression level showed an association between high mRNA expression and both a longer progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients. Then, we designed a retrospective study with resected PDAC samples. Our primary objective with this dataset was to assess the relationship between PFS and OS and DLL3 protein expression. The secondary assessment was to provide a rationale for the use of anti-DLL3-based treatments in combination with immunotherapy that is supported by the link between DLL3 and other factors that are involved in immune checkpoints. The survival analyses revealed a protective effect of high DLL3 protein expression levels in both PFS and OS. Interestingly, high DLL3 protein expression levels were significantly correlated with PD-L1/2 and negatively correlated with NOTCH1. Therefore, DLL3 could be considered a biomarker for better prognosis in resectable PDAC patients as well as a therapeutic biomarker for immunotherapy response. These facts set a rationale for testing anti-DLL3-based treatments either alone or combined with immunotherapy or other NOTCH1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Lacalle-Gonzalez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Lara Sanz-Criado
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, Fundacion Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-C.); (M.O.O.)
| | - Michael Ochieng’ Otieno
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, Fundacion Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-C.); (M.O.O.)
| | - Edurne Ramos-Muñoz
- Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets Group and Core Facility, RICORS2040, EATRIS, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute, (IRYCIS), C/Carretera Colmenar Km 9,100, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Maria Jesus Fernandez-Aceñero
- Pathology Department, Clinico San Carlos University Hospital, C/Profesor Martin Lagos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.J.F.-A.); (L.O.-M.)
| | - Luis Ortega-Medina
- Pathology Department, Clinico San Carlos University Hospital, C/Profesor Martin Lagos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.J.F.-A.); (L.O.-M.)
| | - Jesus Garcia-Foncillas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, Fundacion Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-C.); (M.O.O.)
| | - Javier Martinez-Useros
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, Fundacion Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-C.); (M.O.O.)
- Area of Physiology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Madrid, Spain
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26
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Kong C, Pu J, Zhao Q, Weng W, Ma L, Qian Y, Hu W, Meng X, Meng T. MTX-13, a Novel PTK7-Directed Antibody-Drug Conjugate with Widened Therapeutic Index Shows Sustained Tumor Regressions for a Broader Spectrum of PTK7-Positive Tumors. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:1128-1143. [PMID: 37352387 PMCID: PMC10544008 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) is a Wnt signaling pathway protein implicated in cancer development and metastasis. When using a potent microtubule inhibitor (Aur0101), PTK7-targeting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), h6M24-vc0101 (PF-06647020/cofetuzumab pelidotin) is efficacious only in limited tumor types with low response rates in a phase I trial. To improve patient response and to expand responding tumor types, we designed MTX-13, a PTK7-targeting ADC consisting of a novel antibody (Ab13) conjugated to eight molecules of topoisomerase I inhibitor exatecan through T1000, a novel self-immolative moiety. MTX-13 exhibited PTK7-specific cell binding, efficient internalization, and exatecan release to cause cytotoxic activity through DNA damage and apoptosis induction, and a strong bystander killing. MTX-13 displayed potent antitumor activities on cell line-derived xenograft and patient-derived xenograft models from a wide range of solid tumors, significantly outperforming h6M24-vc0101. PTK7 was shown to be an actionable target in small cell lung cancer for which MTX-13 showed complete and durable responses. With a consistent overexpression of PTK7 in squamous cell carcinomas derived from diverse anatomic sites, strong potency of MTX-13 in this group of heterogenous tumors suggested a common treatment strategy. Finally, MTX-13 inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in an orthotopic colon cancer xenograft model. MTX-13 displayed a favorable pharmacokinetic and safety profile in monkeys with the highest non-severely toxic dose (HNSTD) of ≥30 mg/kg, significantly higher than 3-5 mg/kg of HNSTD for h6M24-vc0101. The higher therapeutic index of MTX-13 bodes well for its clinical translation with the potential to expand the responding patient population beyond that of current PTK7-targeting ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Kong
- Multitude Therapeutics, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyi Pu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Multitude Therapeutics, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Weining Weng
- Multitude Therapeutics, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linjie Ma
- Multitude Therapeutics, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xun Meng
- Multitude Therapeutics, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Meng
- MabCare Therapeutics, Shanghai, China
- HySlink Therapeutics, Shanghai, China
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Fazio N, La Salvia A. Precision medicine in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: Where are we in 2023? Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 37:101794. [PMID: 37414651 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2023.101794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Precision medicine describes a target-related approach to tailoring diagnosis and treatment of the individual patient. While this personalized approach is revoluzionizing many areas of oncology, it is quite late in the field of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs), in which there are few molecular alterations to be therapeutically targeted. We critically reviewed the current evidence about precision medicine in GEP NENs, focusing on potential clinically relevant actionable targets for GEP NENs, such as the mTOR pathway, MGMT, hypoxia markers, RET, DLL-3, and some general agnostic targets. We analysed the main investigational approaches with solid and liquid biopsies. Furthermore, we reviewed a model of precision medicine more specific for NENs that is the theragnostic use of radionuclides. Overall, currently no true predictive factors for therapy have been validated so far in GEP NENs, and the personalized approach is based more on clinical thinking within a NEN-dedicated multidisciplinary team. However, there is a robust background to suppose that precision medicine, with the theragnostic model will yield new insights in this context soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Fazio
- Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - Anna La Salvia
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy
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Patel SR, Das M. Small Cell Lung Cancer: Emerging Targets and Strategies for Precision Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4016. [PMID: 37627044 PMCID: PMC10452729 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer is an aggressive subtype of lung cancer with limited treatment options. Precision medicine has revolutionized cancer treatment for many tumor types but progress in SCLC has been slower due to the lack of targetable biomarkers. This review article provides an overview of emerging strategies for precision therapy in SCLC. Targeted therapies include targeted kinase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, angiogenesis inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates, PARP inhibitors, and epigenetic modulators. Angiogenesis inhibitors and DNA-damaging agents, such as PARP and ATR inhibitors, have been explored in SCLC with limited success to date although trials are ongoing. The potential of targeting DLL3, a NOTCH ligand, through antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific T-cell engagers, and CAR T-cell therapy, has opened up new therapeutic options moving forward. Additionally, new research in epigenetic therapeutics in reversing transcriptional repression, modulating anti-tumor immunity, and utilizing antibody-drug conjugates to target cell surface-specific targets in SCLC are also being investigated. While progress in precision therapy for SCLC has been challenging, recent advancements provide optimism for improved treatment outcomes. However, several challenges remain and will need to be addressed, including drug resistance and tumor heterogeneity. Further research and biomarker-selected clinical trials are necessary to develop effective precision therapies for SCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti R. Patel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Millie Das
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Oncology Section, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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Dumontet C, Reichert JM, Senter PD, Lambert JM, Beck A. Antibody-drug conjugates come of age in oncology. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:641-661. [PMID: 37308581 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00709-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) combine the specificity of monoclonal antibodies with the potency of highly cytotoxic agents, potentially reducing the severity of side effects by preferentially targeting their payload to the tumour site. ADCs are being increasingly used in combination with other agents, including as first-line cancer therapies. As the technology to produce these complex therapeutics has matured, many more ADCs have been approved or are in late-phase clinical trials. The diversification of antigenic targets as well as bioactive payloads is rapidly broadening the scope of tumour indications for ADCs. Moreover, novel vector protein formats as well as warheads targeting the tumour microenvironment are expected to improve the intratumour distribution or activation of ADCs, and consequently their anticancer activity for difficult-to-treat tumour types. However, toxicity remains a key issue in the development of these agents, and better understanding and management of ADC-related toxicities will be essential for further optimization. This Review provides a broad overview of the recent advances and challenges in ADC development for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Dumontet
- CRCL INSERM 1052/CNRS 5286, University of Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
| | | | | | | | - Alain Beck
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, CIPF, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
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Lee JH, Saxena A, Giaccone G. Advancements in small cell lung cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 93:123-128. [PMID: 37236329 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a recalcitrant cancer with an urgent need for novel therapeutics, preclinical models, and elucidation of the molecular pathways responsible for its rapid resistance. Recently, there have been many significant advancements in our knowledge of SCLC that led to the development of novel treatments. This review will go over the recent attempts to provide new molecular subcategorization of SCLC, recent breakthroughs in various systemic treatments including immunotherapy, targeted therapy, cellular therapy, as well as advancements in radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Ashish Saxena
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Giuseppe Giaccone
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
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31
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Zhang C, Zhang C, Wang K, Wang H. Orchestrating smart therapeutics to achieve optimal treatment in small cell lung cancer: recent progress and future directions. J Transl Med 2023; 21:468. [PMID: 37452395 PMCID: PMC10349514 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04338-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a recalcitrant malignancy with elusive mechanism of pathogenesis and dismal prognosis. Over the past decades, platinum-based chemotherapy has been the backbone treatment for SCLC. However, subsequent chemoresistance after initial effectiveness urges researchers to explore novel therapeutic targets of SCLC. Recent years have witnessed significant improvements in targeted therapy in SCLC. New molecular candidates such as Ataxia telangiectasia and RAD3-related protein (ATR), WEE1, checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) have shown promising therapeutic utility in SCLC. While immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) has emerged as an indispensable treatment modality for SCLC, approaches to boost efficacy and reduce toxicity as well as selection of reliable biomarkers for ICI in SCLC have remained elusive and warrants our further investigation. Given the increasing importance of precision medicine in SCLC, optimal subtyping of SCLC using multi-omics have gradually applied into clinical practice, which may identify more drug targets and better tailor treatment strategies to each individual patient. The present review summarizes recent progress and future directions in SCLC. In addition to the emerging new therapeutics, we also focus on the establishment of predictive model for early detection of SCLC. More importantly, we also propose a multi-dimensional model in the prognosis of SCLC to ultimately attain the goal of accurate treatment of SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyue Zhang
- Department of Integrated Therapy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenxing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Number 440, Ji Yan Road, Jinan, China.
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Krpina K, Vranić S, Tomić K, Samaržija M, Batičić L. Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: Current Diagnosis, Biomarkers, and Treatment Options with Future Perspectives. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1982. [PMID: 37509621 PMCID: PMC10377361 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive malignancy characterized by rapid proliferation, early dissemination, acquired therapy resistance, and poor prognosis. Early diagnosis of SCLC is crucial since most patients present with advanced/metastatic disease, limiting the potential for curative treatment. While SCLC exhibits initial responsiveness to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, treatment resistance commonly emerges, leading to a five-year overall survival rate of up to 10%. New effective biomarkers, early detection, and advancements in therapeutic strategies are crucial for improving survival rates and reducing the impact of this devastating disease. This review aims to comprehensively summarize current knowledge on diagnostic options, well-known and emerging biomarkers, and SCLC treatment strategies and discuss future perspectives on this aggressive malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Krpina
- Clinic for Respiratory Diseases Jordanovac, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Semir Vranić
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Krešimir Tomić
- Department of Oncology, University Clinical Hospital Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Miroslav Samaržija
- Clinic for Respiratory Diseases Jordanovac, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lara Batičić
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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Rudin CM, Reck M, Johnson ML, Blackhall F, Hann CL, Yang JCH, Bailis JM, Bebb G, Goldrick A, Umejiego J, Paz-Ares L. Emerging therapies targeting the delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3) in small cell lung cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:66. [PMID: 37355629 PMCID: PMC10290806 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01464-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma with a poor prognosis. Initial responses to standard-of-care chemo-immunotherapy are, unfortunately, followed by rapid disease recurrence in most patients. Current treatment options are limited, with no therapies specifically approved as third-line or beyond. Delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3), a Notch inhibitory ligand, is an attractive therapeutic target because it is overexpressed on the surface of SCLC cells with minimal to no expression on normal cells. Several DLL3-targeted therapies are being developed for the treatment of SCLC and other neuroendocrine carcinomas, including antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), T-cell engager (TCE) molecules, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapies. First, we discuss the clinical experience with rovalpituzumab tesirine (Rova-T), a DLL3-targeting ADC, the development of which was halted due to a lack of efficacy in phase 3 studies, with a view to understanding the lessons that can be garnered for the rapidly evolving therapeutic landscape in SCLC. We then review preclinical and clinical data for several DLL3-targeting agents that are currently in development, including the TCE molecules-tarlatamab (formerly known as AMG 757), BI 764532, and HPN328-and the CAR T-cell therapy AMG 119. We conclude with a discussion of the future challenges and opportunities for DLL3-targeting therapies, including the utility of DLL3 as a biomarker for patient selection and disease progression, and the potential of rational combinatorial approaches that can enhance efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles M Rudin
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Martin Reck
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Melissa L Johnson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sarah Cannon Cancer Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, PLLC, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Fiona Blackhall
- Department of Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Christine L Hann
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James Chih-Hsin Yang
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Julie M Bailis
- Oncology Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gwyn Bebb
- Oncology TA-US, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Luis Paz-Ares
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, CNIO-H12o Lung Cancer Unit, Universidad Complutense and Ciberonc, Madrid, Spain
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Paz-Ares L, Champiat S, Lai WV, Izumi H, Govindan R, Boyer M, Hummel HD, Borghaei H, Johnson ML, Steeghs N, Blackhall F, Dowlati A, Reguart N, Yoshida T, He K, Gadgeel SM, Felip E, Zhang Y, Pati A, Minocha M, Mukherjee S, Goldrick A, Nagorsen D, Hashemi Sadraei N, Owonikoko TK. Tarlatamab, a First-in-Class DLL3-Targeted Bispecific T-Cell Engager, in Recurrent Small-Cell Lung Cancer: An Open-Label, Phase I Study. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:2893-2903. [PMID: 36689692 PMCID: PMC10414718 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.02823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive malignancy with limited treatments. Delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3) is aberrantly expressed in most SCLC. Tarlatamab (AMG 757), a bispecific T-cell engager molecule, binds both DLL3 and CD3 leading to T-cellb-mediated tumor lysis. Herein, we report phase I results of tarlatamab in patients with SCLC. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study evaluated tarlatamab in patients with relapsed/refractory SCLC. The primary end point was safety. Secondary end points included antitumor activity by modified RECIST 1.1, overall survival, and pharmacokinetics. RESULTS By July 19, 2022, 107 patients received tarlatamab in dose exploration (0.003 to 100 mg; n = 73) and expansion (100 mg; n = 34) cohorts. Median prior lines of anticancer therapy were 2 (range, 1-6); 49.5% received antiprogrammed death-1/programmed death ligand-1 therapy. Any-grade treatment-related adverse events occurred in 97 patients (90.7%) and grade b % 3 in 33 patients (30.8%). One patient (1%) had grade 5 pneumonitis. Cytokine release syndrome was the most common treatment-related adverse event, occurring in 56 patients (52%) including grade 3 in one patient (1%). Maximum tolerated dose was not reached. Objective response rate was 23.4% (95% CI, 15.7 to 32.5) including two complete and 23 partial responses. The median duration of response was 12.3 months (95% CI, 6.6 to 14.9). The disease control rate was 51.4% (95% CI, 41.5 to 61.2). The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 3.7 months (95% CI, 2.1 to 5.4) and 13.2 months (95% CI, 10.5 to not reached), respectively. Exploratory analysis suggests that selecting for increased DLL3 expression can result in increased clinical benefit. CONCLUSION In patients with heavily pretreated SCLC, tarlatamab demonstrated manageable safety with encouraging response durability. Further evaluation of this promising molecule is ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Paz-Ares
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, CNIO-H120 Lung Cancer Unit, Ciberonc and Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephane Champiat
- Gustave Roussy, DC(c)partement d'Innovation ThC(c)rapeutique et d'Essais PrC(c)coces (DITEP), Villejuif, France
| | - W. Victoria Lai
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Hiroki Izumi
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ramaswamy Govindan
- Divisions of Hematology and Oncology, Washington University Medical School, St Louis, MO
| | - Michael Boyer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Horst-Dieter Hummel
- Translational Oncology/Early Clinical Trial Unit (ECTU), Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Neeltje Steeghs
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fiona Blackhall
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Afshin Dowlati
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Noemi Reguart
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thoracic Oncology Unit, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona School of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tatsuya Yoshida
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kai He
- Division of Medical Oncology, James Thoracic Oncology Center, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Enriqueta Felip
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Taofeek K. Owonikoko
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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Tendler S, Rudin CM. Tarlatamab: New Star on the Horizon for Small-Cell Lung Cancer? J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:2877-2880. [PMID: 37098228 PMCID: PMC10414700 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Salomon Tendler
- Thoracic Oncology Service and the Druckenmiller Center for Lung Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Charles M. Rudin
- Thoracic Oncology Service and the Druckenmiller Center for Lung Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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Passaro A, Jänne PA, Peters S. Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Lung Cancer: Recent Advances and Implementing Strategies. J Clin Oncol 2023:JCO2300013. [PMID: 37224424 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are one of the fastest-growing oncology therapeutics, merging the cytotoxic effect of conjugated payload with the high specific ability and selectivity of monoclonal antibody targeted on a specific cancer cell membrane antigen. The main targets for ADC development are antigens commonly expressed by lung cancer cells, but not in normal tissues. They include human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 3, trophoblast cell surface antigen 2, c-MET, carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5, and B7-H3, each with one or more specific ADCs that showed encouraging results in the lung cancer field, more in non-small-cell lung cancer than in small-cell lung cancer histology. To date, multiple ADCs are under evaluation, alone or in combination with different molecules (eg, chemotherapy agents or immune checkpoint inhibitors), and the optimal strategy for selecting patients who may benefit from the treatment is evolving, including an improvement of biomarker understanding, involving markers of resistance or response to the payload, besides the antibody target. In this review, we discuss the available evidence and future perspectives on ADCs for lung cancer treatment, including a comprehensive discussion on structure-based drug design, mechanism of action, and resistance concepts. Data were summarized by specific target antigen, biology, efficacy, and safety, differing among ADCs according to the ADC payload and their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Passaro
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Pasi A Jänne
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Solange Peters
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Cani M, Napoli VM, Garbo E, Ferrari G, Del Rio B, Novello S, Passiglia F. Targeted Therapies in Small Cell Lung Cancer: From Old Failures to Novel Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108883. [PMID: 37240229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical management of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) treatment remains a major challenge for thoracic oncologists, with very few therapeutic advances significantly impacting patients' survival. The recent introduction of immunotherapy in the clinical setting produced a marginal benefit for a limited subset of metastatic patients, while the therapeutic scenario for relapsing extended-disease small cell lung cancers (ED-SCLCs) remains almost deserted. Recent efforts clarified the molecular features of this disease, leading to the identification of key signalling pathways which may serve as potential targets for clinical use. Despite the large number of molecules tested and the numerous therapeutic failures, some targeted therapies have recently shown interesting preliminary results. In this review, we describe the main molecular pathways involved in SCLC development/progression and provide an updated summary of the targeted therapies currently under investigation in SCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Cani
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
| | - Valerio Maria Napoli
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
| | - Edoardo Garbo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
| | - Giorgia Ferrari
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
| | - Benedetta Del Rio
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
| | - Silvia Novello
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
| | - Francesco Passiglia
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
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38
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Moliner L, Zhang B, Lamberti G, Ardizzoni A, Byers LA, Califano R. Novel therapeutic strategies for recurrent SCLC. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 186:104017. [PMID: 37150311 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic options for patients with relapsed SCLC are limited, and the prognosis in this setting remains poor. While clinical outcomes for frontline treatment have modestly improved with the introduction of immunotherapy, treatment in the second-line setting persists almost unchanged. In this review, current treatment options and recent advances in molecular biology are described. Emerging therapeutic options in this setting and potential strategies to improve clinical outcomes of these patients are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Moliner
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Bingnan Zhang
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Giuseppe Lamberti
- Department of Specialized, Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Lauren A Byers
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Raffaele Califano
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK; Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK.
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Li X, Yan X, Wang Y, Kaur B, Han H, Yu J. The Notch signaling pathway: a potential target for cancer immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:45. [PMID: 37131214 PMCID: PMC10155406 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01439-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the Notch signaling pathway, which is highly conserved across species, can drive aberrant epigenetic modification, transcription, and translation. Defective gene regulation caused by dysregulated Notch signaling often affects networks controlling oncogenesis and tumor progression. Meanwhile, Notch signaling can modulate immune cells involved in anti- or pro-tumor responses and tumor immunogenicity. A comprehensive understanding of these processes can help with designing new drugs that target Notch signaling, thereby enhancing the effects of cancer immunotherapy. Here, we provide an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of how Notch signaling intrinsically regulates immune cells and how alterations in Notch signaling in tumor cells or stromal cells extrinsically regulate immune responses in the tumor microenvironment (TME). We also discuss the potential role of Notch signaling in tumor immunity mediated by gut microbiota. Finally, we propose strategies for targeting Notch signaling in cancer immunotherapy. These include oncolytic virotherapy combined with inhibition of Notch signaling, nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with Notch signaling regulators to specifically target tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to repolarize their functions and remodel the TME, combining specific and efficient inhibitors or activators of Notch signaling with immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) for synergistic anti-tumor therapy, and implementing a customized and effective synNotch circuit system to enhance safety of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) immune cells. Collectively, this review aims to summarize how Notch signaling intrinsically and extrinsically shapes immune responses to improve immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Li
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianchun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Cancer Institute, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Balveen Kaur
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77225, USA
| | - Hua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA.
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Song Y, Lv Y. Antibody-drug conjugate monotherapy refines the oncological efficacy as compared to therapy of physicians' choices in advanced breast cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. TRANSLATIONAL BREAST CANCER RESEARCH : A JOURNAL FOCUSING ON TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN BREAST CANCER 2023; 4:11. [PMID: 38751489 PMCID: PMC11093094 DOI: 10.21037/tbcr-23-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Background Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) is an emerging therapy that bestows advanced breast tumors with encouraging clinical activity and manageable toxicity; however, the outcomes of phase 2/3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are heterogeneous. Our study aims to assess the clinical utilities [i.e., objective response rate (ORR), clinical benefit rate (CBR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS)], and treatment-related adverse events (AEs) of ADC monotherapy (defined as the study cohort) versus the therapy of physician's choice (TPC) (defined as the control cohort) in participants with advanced breast tumors. Methods We conducted a computerized retrieval to identify RCTs from MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase databases, and ClinicalTrials.gov until April 4th, 2023. Screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed in duplicate. Results A total of 10 RCTs were involved, with 5,089 unique patients. A binary random-effect model Mantel-Haenszel method was employed to pool data due to the considerable heterogeneity. The primary outcome measure was odds ratio (OR) with the corresponding 95% confidential interval (CI) of ORR and CBR. The secondary outcome measure represented hazard ratio (HR) of PFS and OS and OR of the frequency of any grade/grade ≥3 AEs. The pooled results showed an insignificant difference of ORR (OR =1.64; 95% CI: 0.86-3.13; P=0.136) and CBR (OR =1.43; 95% CI: 0.89-2.31; P=0.142) in the study cohort than the control cohort. The pooled effect on PFS (HR =0.62; 95% CI: 0.50-0.74; P<0.001) and on OS (HR =0.70; 95% CI: 0.57-0.83; P<0.001) both indicated a significant superiority of the study cohort. The frequency of any grade AEs (OR =1.03; 95% CI: 0.75-1.41; P=0.849) and that of grade ≥3 AEs (OR =0.83; 95% CI: 0.57-1.21; P=0.342) were both observed a nonsignificant difference between the cohorts. These domains, i.e., allocation concealment, blinding of participants and personnel, and blinding of outcome assessment, had the high risk of bias over 50%. Conclusions Compared to physician's choice, ADC monotherapy overall confirms a considerable refinement in survival benefits plus a similar safety profile in advanced breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Song
- Breast Disease Center B Ward, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Lv
- Department of Oncology, An Qing First People’s Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anqing, China
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Cooper AJ, Heist RS. New Therapies on the Horizon. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2023; 37:623-658. [PMID: 37029036 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Although lung cancer treatment has been transformed by the advent of checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapies, there remains a high unmet need for new effective therapies for patients with progressive disease. Novel treatment strategies include combination therapies with currently available programmed death ligand 1 inhibitors, targeting alternative immune checkpoints, and the use of novel immunomodulatory therapies. In addition, antibody-drug conjugates offer great promise as potent management options. As these agents are further tested in clinical trials, we anticipate that more effective therapies for patients with lung cancer are integrated into regular clinical practice.
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Matera R, Chiang A. What Is New in Small Cell Lung Cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2023; 37:595-607. [PMID: 37024387 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a rare yet aggressive lung cancer subtype with an extremely poor prognosis of around 1 year. SCLC accounts for 15% of all newly diagnosed lung cancers and is characterized by rapid growth with high potential for metastatic spread and treatment resistance. In the article the authors review some of the most notable efforts to improve outcomes, including trials of novel immunotherapy agents, novel disease targets, and multiple drug combinations.
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Nguyen TT, Hamdan D, Angeli E, Feugeas JP, Le QV, Pamoukdjian F, Bousquet G. Genomics of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases: A Meta-Analysis and Therapeutic Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061728. [PMID: 36980614 PMCID: PMC10046845 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer brain metastases are a challenging daily practice, and the biological link between gene mutations and metastatic spread to the brain remains to be determined. Here, we performed a meta-analysis on genomic data obtained from primary tumors, extracerebral metastases and brain metastases, to identify gene alterations associated with metastatic processes in the brain. Articles with relevant findings were selected using Medline via PubMed, from January 1999 up to February 2022. A critical review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis statement (PRISMA). Fifty-seven publications were selected for this meta-analysis, including 37,218 patients in all, 11,906 primary tumor samples, 5541 extracerebral metastasis samples, and 1485 brain metastasis samples. We report the overall and sub-group prevalence of gene mutations, including comparisons between primary tumors, extracerebral metastases and brain metastases. In particular, we identified six genes with a higher mutation prevalence in brain metastases than in extracerebral metastases, with a potential role in metastatic processes in the brain: ESR1, ERBB2, EGFR, PTEN, BRCA2 and NOTCH1. We discuss here the therapeutic implications. Our results underline the added value of obtaining biopsies from brain metastases to fully explore their biology, in order to develop personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Thi Nguyen
- National Cancer Hospital, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Cité, UMR_S942 MASCOT, 75006 Paris, France (F.P.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanoi Medical University, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam
- Institut Galilée, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93439 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Diaddin Hamdan
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Cité, UMR_S942 MASCOT, 75006 Paris, France (F.P.)
- Hôpital La Porte Verte, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Eurydice Angeli
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Cité, UMR_S942 MASCOT, 75006 Paris, France (F.P.)
- Institut Galilée, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93439 Villetaneuse, France
- Service d’Oncologie Médicale, Hôpital Avicenne, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Jean-Paul Feugeas
- INSERM U1098, 25030 Besançon, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Université de Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
- Correspondence: (J.-P.F.); (G.B.)
| | - Quang Van Le
- National Cancer Hospital, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Cité, UMR_S942 MASCOT, 75006 Paris, France (F.P.)
| | - Frédéric Pamoukdjian
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Cité, UMR_S942 MASCOT, 75006 Paris, France (F.P.)
- Institut Galilée, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93439 Villetaneuse, France
- Service de Médecine Gériatrique, Hôpital Avicenne, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Guilhem Bousquet
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Cité, UMR_S942 MASCOT, 75006 Paris, France (F.P.)
- Institut Galilée, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93439 Villetaneuse, France
- Service d’Oncologie Médicale, Hôpital Avicenne, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 93000 Bobigny, France
- Correspondence: (J.-P.F.); (G.B.)
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Zhang H, Yang Y, Li X, Yuan X, Chu Q. Targeting the Notch signaling pathway and the Notch ligand, DLL3, in small cell lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114248. [PMID: 36645960 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive and poorly differentiated cancer with high-grade neuroendocrine (NE) features, accounting for approximately 15 % of all lung cancers. For decades, chemotherapy and radiotherapy have predominated the treatment strategy for SCLC, but relapses ensue quickly and result in poor survival of patients. Immunotherapy has brought novel insights, yet the efficacy is still restricted to a limited population with SCLC. Notch signaling is identified to play a key role in the initiation and development of SCLC, and the Notch ligand, Delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3) is found broadly and specifically expressed in SCLC cells. Thus, Notch signaling is under active exploration as a potential therapeutic target in SCLC. Herein, we summarized and updated the functional relevance of Notch signaling in SCLC, discussed Notch signaling-targeted therapy for SCLC and the correspondent preclinical and clinical trials, and investigated the promising synergy effects of Notch signaling targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China.
| | - Yunkai Yang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China.
| | - Xuchang Li
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China.
| | - Xun Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China.
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China.
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Zhang Y, Tacheva-Grigorova SK, Sutton J, Melton Z, Mak YSL, Lay C, Smith BA, Sai T, Van Blarcom T, Sasu BJ, Panowski SH. Allogeneic CAR T Cells Targeting DLL3 Are Efficacious and Safe in Preclinical Models of Small Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:971-985. [PMID: 36692420 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-2293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive disease with limited treatment options. Delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3) is highly expressed on SCLC and several other types of neuroendocrine cancers, with limited normal tissue RNA expression in brain, pituitary, and testis, making it a promising CAR T-cell target for SCLC and other solid tumor indications. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A large panel of anti-DLL3 scFv-based CARs were characterized for both in vitro and in vivo activity. To understand the potential for pituitary and brain toxicity, subcutaneous or intracranial tumors expressing DLL3 were implanted in mice and treated with mouse cross-reactive DLL3 CAR T cells. RESULTS A subset of CARs demonstrated high sensitivity for targets with low DLL3 density and long-term killing potential in vitro. Infusion of DLL3 CAR T cells led to robust antitumor efficacy, including complete responses, in subcutaneous and systemic SCLC in vivo models. CAR T-cell infiltration into intermediate and posterior pituitary was detected, but no tissue damage in brain or pituitary was observed, and the hormone-secretion function of the pituitary was not ablated. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the preclinical efficacy and safety data presented here support further evaluation of DLL3 CAR T cells as potential clinical candidates for the treatment of SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Zea Melton
- Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Cecilia Lay
- Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, California
| | - Bryan A Smith
- Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, California
| | - Tao Sai
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Barbra J Sasu
- Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, California
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Abstract
Importance Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive disease that is characterized by rapid growth and the early development of metastases. Patients typically respond to initial chemotherapy but quickly experience relapse, resulting in a poor long-term outcome. Therapeutic innovations that substantially improve survival have historically been limited, and reliable, predictive biomarkers are lacking. Observations This review examines the biologic characteristics of SCLC, the current treatment landscape, and ongoing efforts to identify novel therapeutic targets. Ongoing research has advanced the understanding of molecular categories and the immunologic microenvironment of SCLC, which in turn has helped improve disease classification and staging. Recently, immunotherapy-based regimens have become available for the management of SCLC, with 2 programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 inhibitors approved in combination with chemotherapy for first-line treatment of extensive-stage disease. For second-line treatment, a novel alkylating agent, lurbinectedin, which inhibits oncogenic transcription, has been approved for use in patients with metastatic SCLC. Furthermore, a wide variety of therapies and innovative combination regimens are being continuously evaluated. Potential therapeutic strategies, including aurora kinase A inhibitors, polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase inhibitors, ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related inhibitors, cyclin-dependent kinase 7 inhibitors, delta-like protein 3 agents, antiganglioside agents, CD47 inhibitors, and lysine-specific histone demethylase 1a inhibitors, are also being examined. Conclusions and Relevance Therapeutic optimization of SCLC remains a challenge, but recent trial results and drug approvals are encouraging. Advances in research have revealed critical information regarding biologic characteristics of the disease, which may lead to the identification of vulnerabilities and the development of new therapies. Further research focused on identifying biomarkers and evaluating innovative therapies will be paramount to improving treatment outcomes for patients with SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Jeffrey Petty
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Luis Paz-Ares
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- H120-CNIO Lung Cancer Unit, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Madrid, Spain
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Liu Z, Zhang J, Ge Y, Huang M, Wang Y. Rare Combined Small Cell Lung Carcinoma and Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Response to PD-1 Inhibitor as Third-Line Therapy: A Case Report. Cancer Manag Res 2023; 15:197-201. [PMID: 36860892 PMCID: PMC9968780 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s397711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Combined small cell lung cancer (c-SCLC) is a relatively rare subtype of SCLC, especially when SCLC is initially diagnosed and recurrent lesions are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Moreover, SCLC combined lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) has few been reported. Case Presentation Here, we report a 68-year-old man pathologically diagnosed as stage IV SCLC of right lung. With cisplatin and etoposide, the lesions were significantly reduced. It was not until three years later that a new lesion was found in his left lung, pathologically confirmed as LUSC. The patient was initiated with sintilimab based on high tumor mutational burden (TMB-H). Both lung tumors were stable, and PFS was 9.7 months. Conclusion This case provides a meaningful reference for the third-line treatment of SCLC combined LUCS patients. This case also provides valuable information on the response to PD-1 inhibition of patients with c-SCLC based on TMB-H and better understanding of PD-1 therapy applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisheng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Qingdao Hiser Hospital of Qingdao University (Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Qingdao, ShandongPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Junling Zhang
- Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunjie Ge
- Department of Healthcare Internal Medicine, Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, ShandongPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Mengli Huang
- Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Qingdao Hiser Hospital of Qingdao University (Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Qingdao, ShandongPeople’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Ye Wang, Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Qingdao Hiser Hospital of Qingdao University (Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Qingdao, Shandong, 266033, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Lahiri A, Maji A, Potdar PD, Singh N, Parikh P, Bisht B, Mukherjee A, Paul MK. Lung cancer immunotherapy: progress, pitfalls, and promises. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:40. [PMID: 36810079 PMCID: PMC9942077 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01740-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the primary cause of mortality in the United States and around the globe. Therapeutic options for lung cancer treatment include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted drug therapy. Medical management is often associated with the development of treatment resistance leading to relapse. Immunotherapy is profoundly altering the approach to cancer treatment owing to its tolerable safety profile, sustained therapeutic response due to immunological memory generation, and effectiveness across a broad patient population. Different tumor-specific vaccination strategies are gaining ground in the treatment of lung cancer. Recent advances in adoptive cell therapy (CAR T, TCR, TIL), the associated clinical trials on lung cancer, and associated hurdles are discussed in this review. Recent trials on lung cancer patients (without a targetable oncogenic driver alteration) reveal significant and sustained responses when treated with programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) checkpoint blockade immunotherapies. Accumulating evidence indicates that a loss of effective anti-tumor immunity is associated with lung tumor evolution. Therapeutic cancer vaccines combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) can achieve better therapeutic effects. To this end, the present article encompasses a detailed overview of the recent developments in the immunotherapeutic landscape in targeting small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Additionally, the review also explores the implication of nanomedicine in lung cancer immunotherapy as well as the combinatorial application of traditional therapy along with immunotherapy regimens. Finally, ongoing clinical trials, significant obstacles, and the future outlook of this treatment strategy are also highlighted to boost further research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritraa Lahiri
- grid.417960.d0000 0004 0614 7855Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Avik Maji
- grid.416241.4Department of Radiation Oncology, N. R. S. Medical College & Hospital, 138 A.J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata, 700014 India
| | - Pravin D. Potdar
- grid.414939.20000 0004 1766 8488Department of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, 400026 India
| | - Navneet Singh
- grid.415131.30000 0004 1767 2903Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Purvish Parikh
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302022 India ,grid.410871.b0000 0004 1769 5793Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400012 India
| | - Bharti Bisht
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Division of Thoracic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Anubhab Mukherjee
- Esperer Onco Nutrition Pvt Ltd, 4BA, 4Th Floor, B Wing, Gundecha Onclave, Khairani Road, Sakinaka, Andheri East, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400072, India.
| | - Manash K. Paul
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA ,grid.411639.80000 0001 0571 5193Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
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Bernabé-Caro R, Chen Y, Dowlati A, Eason P. Current and Emerging Treatment Options for Patients With Relapsed Small-cell Lung Carcinoma: A Systematic Literature Review. Clin Lung Cancer 2023; 24:185-208. [PMID: 36907793 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Second-line treatment options are limited for patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). We conducted a PRISMA-standard systematic literature review to evaluate the treatment landscape for patients with relapsed SCLC (PROSPERO number: CRD42022299759). Systematic searches of MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library were performed (October 2022) to identify publications (prior 5 years) from prospective studies of therapies for relapsed SCLC. Publications were screened against predetermined eligibility criteria; data were extracted to standardized fields. Publication quality was assessed using GRADE. The data were analyzed descriptively, grouped by drug class. Overall, 77 publications involving 6349 patients were included. Studies of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with established cancer indications accounted for 24 publications; topoisomerase I inhibitors for 15; checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) for 11, and alkylating agents for 9 publications. The remaining 18 publications featured chemotherapies, small-molecule inhibitors, investigational TKIs and monoclonal antibodies, and a cancer vaccine. According to GRADE assessment, 69% of the publications reported low-/very-low-quality evidence; quality limitations included lack of randomization and small sample sizes. Only 6 publications/6 trials reported phase 3 data; 5 publications/2 trials reported phase 2/3 results. Overall, the clinical potential of alkylating agents and CPIs remained unclear; investigations of combination approaches and biomarker-directed usage are warranted. Phase 2 data from TKI trials were consistently promising; no phase 3 data were available. Phase 2 data for a liposomal formulation of irinotecan were promising. We confirmed an absence of promising investigational drug/regimens in late-stage development; thus, relapsed SCLC remains an area of high unmet need.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuanbin Chen
- Cancer & Hematology Centers of Western Michigan, Grand Rapids, MI
| | - Afshin Dowlati
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
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Wang YY, Wang WD, Sun ZJ. Cancer stem cell-immune cell collusion in immunotherapy. Int J Cancer 2023. [PMID: 36602290 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has pioneered a new era of tumor treatment, in which the immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) exerts significant superiority in overcoming tumor immune escape. However, the formation of an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and the lack of effective activation of the immune response have become major obstacles limiting its development. Emerging reports indicate that cancer stem cells (CSCs) potentially play important roles in treatment resistance and progressive relapse, while current research is usually focused on CSCs themselves. In this review, we mainly emphasize the collusions between CSCs and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. We focus on the summary of CSC-immune cell crosstalk signaling pathways in ICB resistance and highlight the application of targeted drugs to improve the ICB response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Da Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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