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Chen C, Hernandez JC, Uthaya Kumar DB, Machida T, Tahara SM, El‐Khoueiry A, Li M, Punj V, Swaminathan SK, Kirtane A, Chen Y, Panyam J, Machida K. Profiling of Circulating Tumor Cells for Screening of Selective Inhibitors of Tumor-Initiating Stem-Like Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206812. [PMID: 36949364 PMCID: PMC10190641 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A critical barrier to effective cancer therapy is the improvement of drug selectivity, toxicity, and reduced recurrence of tumors expanded from tumor-initiating stem-like cells (TICs). The aim is to identify circulating tumor cell (CTC)-biomarkers and to identify an effective combination of TIC-specific, repurposed federal drug administration (FDA)-approved drugs. Three different types of high-throughput screens targeting the TIC population are employed: these include a CD133 (+) cell viability screen, a NANOG expression screen, and a drug combination screen. When combined in a refined secondary screening approach that targets Nanog expression with the same FDA-approved drug library, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor(s) combined with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) demonstrate the highest efficacy for inhibition of TIC growth in vitro and in vivo. Addition of immune checkpoint inhibitor further decreases recurrence and extends PDX mouse survival. RNA-seq analysis of TICs reveals that combined drug treatment reduces many Toll-like receptors (TLR) and stemness genes through repression of the lncRNA MIR22HG. This downregulation induces PTEN and TET2, leading to loss of the self-renewal property of TICs. Thus, CTC biomarker analysis would predict the prognosis and therapy response to this drug combination. In general, biomarker-guided stratification of HCC patients and TIC-targeted therapy should eradicate TICs to extend HCC patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia‐Lin Chen
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90033USA
- Present address:
Department of Life Sciences & Institute of Genome SciencesNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung University110TaipeiTaiwan
| | - Juan Carlos Hernandez
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90033USA
- California State UniversityChannel IslandsCamarilloCAUSA
| | - Dinesh Babu Uthaya Kumar
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90033USA
| | - Tatsuya Machida
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90033USA
| | - Stanley M. Tahara
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90033USA
| | - Anthony El‐Khoueiry
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Southern CaliforniaKeck School of MedicineLos AngelesCA90033USA
| | - Meng Li
- Norris Medical Library2003 Zonal AveLos AngelesCA90089USA
| | - Vasu Punj
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer CenterLos AngelesCA90089USA
| | | | - Ameya Kirtane
- Department of PharmaceuticsUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
| | - Yibu Chen
- Norris Medical Library2003 Zonal AveLos AngelesCA90089USA
| | - Jayanth Panyam
- Department of PharmaceuticsUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
| | - Keigo Machida
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90033USA
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and CirrhosisLos AngelesCA90033USA
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β-Carboline tethered cinnamoyl 2-aminobenzamides as class I selective HDAC inhibitors: Design, synthesis, biological activities and modelling studies. Bioorg Chem 2021; 117:105461. [PMID: 34753060 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of β-carboline motif as cap for HDAC inhibitors containing cinnamic acid as linker and benzamides as zinc binding group was examined in this study. A series of β-carboline-cinnamide conjugates have been synthesized and evaluated for their HDAC inhibitory activity and in vitro cytotoxicity against different human cancer cell lines. Almost all the compounds exhibited superior HDAC inhibitory activity than the standard drug Entinostat for in vitro enzymatic assay. Among the tested compounds, 7h displayed a noteworthy potency with an IC50 value of 0.70 ± 0.15 µM against HCT-15 cell line when compared to the standard drug Entinostat (IC50 of 3.87 ± 0.62 µM). The traditional apoptosis assays such as nuclear morphological alterations, AO/EB, DAPI, and Annexin-V/PI staining revealed the antiproliferative activity of 7h while depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential by JC-1 was observed in dose-dependent manner. Cell cycle analysis also unveiled the typical accumulation of cells in G2M phase and sub-G1/S phase arrest. In addition, immunoblot analysis for compound 7h on HCT-15 indicated selective inhibition of the protein expression of class I HDAC 2 and 3 isoforms. Molecular docking analysis of compound 7h revealed that it can prominent binding with the active pocket of the HDAC 2. These finding suggest that the compound 7h can be a promising lead candidate for further investigation in the development of novel anti-cancer drug potentially inhibiting HDACs.
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Almotairy ARZ, Montagner D, Morrison L, Devereux M, Howe O, Erxleben A. Pt(IV) pro-drugs with an axial HDAC inhibitor demonstrate multimodal mechanisms involving DNA damage and apoptosis independent of cisplatin resistance in A2780/A2780cis cells. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 210:111125. [PMID: 32521289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic agents such as histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are widely investigated for use in combined anticancer therapy and the co-administration of Pt drugs with HDAC inhibitors has shown promise for the treatment of resistant cancers. Coordination of an HDAC inhibitor to an axial position of a Pt(IV) derivative of cisplatin allows the combination of the epigenetic drug and the Pt chemotherapeutic into a single molecule. In this work we carry out mechanistic studies on the known Pt(IV) complex cis,cis,trans-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2(PBA)2] (B) with the HDAC inhibitor 4-phenylbutyrate (PBA) and its derivatives cis,cis,trans-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2(PBA)(OH)] (A), cis,cis,trans-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2(PBA)(Bz)] (C), and cis,cis,trans-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2(PBA)(Suc)] (D) (Bz = benzoate, Suc = succinate). The comparison of the cytotoxicity, effect on HDAC activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, γ-H2AX (histone 2A-family member X) foci generation and induction of apoptosis in cisplatin-sensitive and cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells shows that A - C exhibit multimodal mechanisms involving DNA damage and apoptosis independent of cisplatin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awatif Rashed Z Almotairy
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; School of Biological & Health Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Diego Montagner
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Liam Morrison
- Earth and Ocean Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael Devereux
- School of Biological & Health Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orla Howe
- School of Biological & Health Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Andrea Erxleben
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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Androutsopoulos VP, Spandidos DA. Antiproliferative effects of TSA, PXD‑101 and MS‑275 in A2780 and MCF7 cells: Acetylated histone H4 and acetylated tubulin as markers for HDACi potency and selectivity. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:3412-3418. [PMID: 29039546 PMCID: PMC5783587 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.6015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of histone deacetylase enzymes (HDACs) has been well documented as an attractive target for the development of chemotherapeutic drugs. The present study investigated the effects of two prototype hydroxamic acid HDAC inhibitors, namely Trichostatin A (TSA) and Belinostat (PXD-101) and the benzamide Entinostat (MS-275) in A2780 ovarian carcinoma and MCF7 breast adenocarcinoma cells. The three HDACi inhibited the proliferation of A2780 and MCF7 cells at comparable levels, below the µM range. Enzyme inhibition assays in a cell-free system showed that TSA was the most potent inhibitor of total HDAC enzyme activity followed by PXD-101 and MS-275. Incubation of A2780 and MCF7 cells with the hydroxamates TSA and PXD-101 for 24 h resulted in a dramatic increase of acetylated tubulin induction (up to 30-fold for TSA). In contrast to acetylated tubulin, western blot analysis and flow cytometry indicated that the induction of acetylated histone H4 was considerably smaller. The benzamide MS-275 exhibited nearly a 2-fold induction of acetylated histone H4 and an even smaller induction of acetylated tubulin in A2780 and MCF7 cells. Taken together, these data suggest that although the three HDACi were equipotent in inhibiting proliferation of MCF7 and A2780 cells, only the benzamide MS-275 did not induce acetylated tubulin expression, a marker of class IIb HDACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis P Androutsopoulos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Voutes 71003, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Voutes 71003, Greece
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Gatla HR, Zou Y, Uddin MM, Singha B, Bu P, Vancura A, Vancurova I. Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Inhibition Induces IκB Kinase (IKK)-dependent Interleukin-8/CXCL8 Expression in Ovarian Cancer Cells. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:5043-5054. [PMID: 28167529 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.771014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the pro-angiogenic chemokine IL-8 (CXCL8) is associated with a poor prognosis in several solid tumors, including epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Even though histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition has shown remarkable antitumor activity in hematological malignancies, it has been less effective in solid tumors, including EOC. Here we report results that may explain the decreased efficiency of HDAC inhibition in EOC, based on our data demonstrating that HDAC inhibition specifically induces expression of IL-8/CXCL8 in SKOV3, CAOV3, and OVCAR3 cells. Suppression or neutralization of vorinostat-induced IL-8/CXCL8 potentiates the vorinostat inhibitory effect on cell viability and proliferation. The IL-8/CXCL8 expression induced by vorinostat in EOC cells is dependent on IκB kinase (IKK) activity and associated with a gene-specific recruitment of IKKβ and IKK-dependent recruitment of p65 NFκB to the IL-8/CXCL8 promoter. In addition, HDAC inhibition induces acetylation of p65 and histone H3 and their IL-8/CXCL8 promoter occupancy. In vivo results demonstrate that combining vorinostat and the IKK inhibitor Bay 117085 significantly reduces tumor growth in nude mice compared with control untreated mice or either drug alone. Mice in the combination group had the lowest IL-8/CXCL8 tumor levels and the lowest tumor expression of the murine neutrophil [7/4] antigen, indicating reduced neutrophil infiltration. Together, our results demonstrate that HDAC inhibition specifically induces IL-8/CXCL8 expression in EOC cells and that the mechanism involves IKK, suggesting that using IKK inhibitors may increase the effectiveness of HDAC inhibitors when treating ovarian cancer and other solid tumors characterized by increased IL-8/CXCL8 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himavanth R Gatla
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, New York, New York 11439 and
| | - Yue Zou
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, New York, New York 11439 and
| | - Mohammad M Uddin
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, New York, New York 11439 and
| | | | - Pengli Bu
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, New York, New York 11439 and
| | - Ales Vancura
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, New York, New York 11439 and
| | - Ivana Vancurova
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, New York, New York 11439 and
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Akiyama M, Sowa Y, Taniguchi T, Watanabe M, Yogosawa S, Kitawaki J, Sakai T. Three Combined Treatments, a Novel HDAC Inhibitor OBP-801/YM753, 5-Fluorouracil, and Paclitaxel, Induce G₂ Phase Arrest Through the p38 Pathway in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells. Oncol Res 2017; 25:1245-1252. [PMID: 28117030 PMCID: PMC7841106 DOI: 10.3727/096504017x14850164661097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal disease among gynecological malignancies. More effective therapy is required to counter high recurrence rates and chemotherapy resistance. We investigated the efficacy and molecular mechanisms of three combined treatments (TCTs)—a novel histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor OBP-801/YM753, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and paclitaxel (PTX)—in human ovarian cancer SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 cells. The inhibition of cell growth was stronger with TCTs than with each single agent and with two combined treatments. The TCTs significantly induce G2 phase arrest in both cell lines. We then analyzed the molecular mechanisms and found that the TCTs increased the phosphorylation of p38 (Thr180/Tyr182), decreased the expression of CDC25C, and increased the phosphorylation of CDC2 (Tyr15), an inactive form of CDC2. To examine the responsibilities of the p38 pathway for G2 phase arrest induced by the TCTs, we employed the p38 inhibitor SB203580. SB203580 inhibited G2 phase arrest, suppression of CDC25C, and phosphorylation of CDC2 (Tyr15) induced by the TCTs. These results suggest that the TCTs can induce G2 phase arrest through activation of the p38 signaling pathway. We therefore believe that this combination is promising as a novel therapeutic strategy against ovarian cancer.
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Zhao H, Yu Z, Zhao L, He M, Ren J, Wu H, Chen Q, Yao W, Wei M. HDAC2 overexpression is a poor prognostic factor of breast cancer patients with increased multidrug resistance-associated protein expression who received anthracyclines therapy. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2016; 46:893-902. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyw096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haishan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, P. R. China
| | - Zhaojin Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, P. R. China
| | - Miao He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, P. R. China
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, P. R. China
| | - Huizhe Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, P. R. China
| | - Qiuchen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, P. R. China
| | - Weifan Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, P. R. China
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, P. R. China
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Asgar MA, Senawong G, Sripa B, Senawong T. Synergistic anticancer effects of cisplatin and histone deacetylase inhibitors (SAHA and TSA) on cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. Int J Oncol 2015; 48:409-20. [PMID: 26575528 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical application of cisplatin against cholangiocarcinoma is often associated with resistance and toxicity posing urgent demand for combination therapy. In this study, we evaluated the combined anticancer effect of cisplatin and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs), suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and trichostatin A (TSA), on the cholangiocarcinoma KKU-100 and KKU-M214 cell lines. Antiproliferative activity was evaluated using MTT assay. Apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cell cycle and apoptosis regulating proteins were evaluated by western blot analysis. MTT assay showed that cisplatin, SAHA and TSA dose-dependently reduced the viability of KKU-100 and KKU-M214 cells. The combination of cisplatin and HDACIs exerted significantly more cytotoxicity than the single drugs. Combination indices below 1.0 reflect synergism between cisplatin and HDACIs, leading to positive dose reductions of cisplatin and HDACIs. Cisplatin and HDACIs alone induced G0/G1 phase arrest in KKU-100 cells, but the drug combinations increased sub-G1 percent more than either drug. However, cisplatin and HDACIs alone or in combination increased only the sub-G1 percent in KKU-M214 cells. Annexin V-FITC staining revealed that cisplatin and HDACIs combinations induced more apoptotic cell death of both KKU-100 and KKU-M214 cells than the single drug. In KKU-100 cells, growth inhibition was accompanied by upregulation of p53 and p21 and downregulation of CDK4 and Bcl-2 due to exposure to cisplatin, SAHA and TSA alone or in combination. Moreover, combination of agents exerted higher impacts on protein expression. Single agents or combination did not affect p53 expression, however, combination of cisplatin and HDACIs increased the expression of p21 in KKU-M214 cells. Taken together, cisplatin and HDACIs combination may improve the therapeutic outcome in cholangiocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ali Asgar
- Program in Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Gulsiri Senawong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Banchob Sripa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Thanaset Senawong
- Program in Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Stengel KR, Hiebert SW. Class I HDACs Affect DNA Replication, Repair, and Chromatin Structure: Implications for Cancer Therapy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:51-65. [PMID: 24730655 PMCID: PMC4492608 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The contribution of epigenetic alterations to cancer development and progression is becoming increasingly clear, prompting the development of epigenetic therapies. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs) represent one of the first classes of such therapy. Two HDIs, Vorinostat and Romidepsin, are broad-spectrum inhibitors that target multiple histone deacetylases (HDACs) and are FDA approved for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. However, the mechanism of action and the basis for the cancer-selective effects of these inhibitors are still unclear. RECENT ADVANCES While the anti-tumor effects of HDIs have traditionally been attributed to their ability to modify gene expression after the accumulation of histone acetylation, recent studies have identified the effects of HDACs on DNA replication, DNA repair, and genome stability. In addition, the HDIs available in the clinic target multiple HDACs, making it difficult to assign either their anti-tumor effects or their associated toxicities to the inhibition of a single protein. However, recent studies in mouse models provide insights into the tissue-specific functions of individual HDACs and their involvement in mediating the effects of HDI therapy. CRITICAL ISSUES Here, we describe how altered replication contributes to the efficacy of HDAC-targeted therapies as well as discuss what knowledge mouse models have provided to our understanding of the specific functions of class I HDACs, their potential involvement in tumorigenesis, and how their disruption may contribute to toxicities associated with HDI treatment. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Impairment of DNA replication by HDIs has important therapeutic implications. Future studies should assess how best to exploit these findings for therapeutic gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy R. Stengel
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Scott W. Hiebert
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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Transcriptional regulation of chemokine expression in ovarian cancer. Biomolecules 2015; 5:223-43. [PMID: 25790431 PMCID: PMC4384120 DOI: 10.3390/biom5010223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic chemokines contributes to ovarian cancer progression through the induction of tumor cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The substantial potential of these chemokines to facilitate the progression and metastasis of ovarian cancer underscores the need for their stringent transcriptional regulation. In this Review, we highlight the key mechanisms that regulate the transcription of pro-inflammatory chemokines in ovarian cancer cells, and that have important roles in controlling ovarian cancer progression. We further discuss the potential mechanisms underlying the increased chemokine expression in drug resistance, along with our perspective for future studies.
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Selective tumor cell killing by triptolide in p53 wild-type and p53 mutant ovarian carcinomas. Med Oncol 2014; 31:14. [PMID: 24880464 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Triptolide is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb-derived antineoplastic agent. However, its antitumor activity against gynecologic carcinomas has not yet been well described. It is the purpose of this article to investigate the effect and mechanism of triptolide in human ovarian cancer using both A2780 (p53 wild) and OVCAR-3 (p53 mutated) cells. Our results showed that triptolide exerted a potent inhibitory effect on the growth and proliferation of both cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner and that the effect was independent of the expression of p53. In contrast, triptolide had only a marginal cytotoxicity in noncancerous ovary cells, lung fibroblast cells, and macrophage cells, indicating differential inhibitory effects of the drug on cell growth between ovarian cancer cells and normal tissue cells. Exposure of the ovarian cancer cells to triptolide induced apoptosis, as evaluated by annexin V/propidium iodide-labeled flow cytometry. Triptolide-induced apoptosis was accompanied by cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation and was associated with downregulation of Bcl-2 and upregulation of Bax. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that treatment with triptolide induced cell cycle S phase arrest in A2780 cells and G2/M phase arrest in OVCAR-3 cells. Further detection by Western blotting revealed that the cell cycle arrest by triptolide in both cell lines occurred in concert with increased expression of p21(CIP1/WAF1). This study shows that triptolide selectively kills ovarian cancer cells with different p53 status predominantly through regulating the coordinate and dynamic cellular processes of proliferation and apoptosis, thereby making it a promising chemotherapeutic agent against a broad spectrum of ovarian carcinomas.
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12
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Marchion D, Münster P. Development of histone deacetylase inhibitors for cancer treatment. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 7:583-98. [PMID: 17428177 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.7.4.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are an exciting new addition to the arsenal of cancer therapeutics. The inhibition of HDAC enzymes by HDAC inhibitors shifts the balance between the deacetylation activity of HDAC enzymes and the acetylation activity of histone acetyltransferases, resulting in hyperacetylation of core histones. Exposure of cancer cells to HDAC inhibitors has been associated with a multitude of molecular and biological effects, ranging from transcriptional control, chromatin plasticity, protein-DNA interaction to cellular differentiation, growth arrest and apoptosis. In addition to the antitumor effects seen with HDAC inhibitors alone, these compounds may also potentiate cytotoxic agents or synergize with other targeted anticancer agents. The exact mechanism by which HDAC inhibitors cause cell death is still unclear and the specific roles of individual HDAC enzymes as therapeutic targets has not been established. However, emerging evidence suggests that the effects of HDAC inhibitors on tumor cells may not only depend on the specificity and selectivity of the HDAC inhibitor, but also on the expression patterns of HDAC enzymes in the tumor tissue. In this review, the recent advances in the understanding and clinical development of HDAC inhibitors, as well as their current role in cancer therapy, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Marchion
- H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Experimental Therapeutics Program, Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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13
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Woods DM, Woan K, Cheng F, Wang H, Perez-Villarroel P, Lee C, Lienlaf M, Atadja P, Seto E, Weber J, Sotomayor EM, Villagra A. The antimelanoma activity of the histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat (LBH589) is mediated by direct tumor cytotoxicity and increased tumor immunogenicity. Melanoma Res 2013; 23:341-8. [PMID: 23963286 PMCID: PMC4012016 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0b013e328364c0ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest skin cancer, and its incidence has been increasing faster than any other cancer. Although immunogenic, melanoma is not effectively cleared by host immunity. In this study, we investigate the therapeutic, antimelanoma potential of the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) panobinostat (LBH589) by assessing both its cytotoxic effects on melanoma cells as well as enhancement of immune recognition of melanoma. Utilizing murine and human melanoma cell lines, we analyzed the effects of LBH589 on proliferation and survival. In addition, we analyzed the expression of several immunologically relevant surface markers and melanoma differentiation antigens, and the ability of LBH589-treated melanoma to activate antigen-specific T cells. Finally, we assessed the in-vivo effects of LBH589 in a mouse melanoma model. Low nanomolar concentrations of LBH589 inhibit the growth of all melanoma cell lines tested, but not normal melanocytes. This inhibition is characterized by increased apoptosis as well as a G1 cell cycle arrest. In addition, LBH589 augments the expression of major histocompatibility complex and costimulatory molecules on melanoma cells leading to an increased ability to activate antigen-specific T cells. Treatment also increases expression of melanoma differentiation antigens. In vivo, LBH589 treatment of melanoma-bearing mice results in a significant increase in survival. However, in immunodeficient mice, the therapeutic effect of LBH589 is lost. Taken together, LBH589 exerts a dual effect upon melanoma cells by affecting not only growth/survival but also by increasing melanoma immunogenicity. These effects provide the framework for future evaluation of this HDAC inhibitor in melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Woods
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Karrune Woan
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- College of Medicine at the University of South Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Fengdong Cheng
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Calvin Lee
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Maritza Lienlaf
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Peter Atadja
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | - Edward Seto
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey Weber
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology and the Donald A. Adam Comprehensive Melanoma Research Center, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Eduardo M. Sotomayor
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Alejandro Villagra
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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Coleman RL, Monk BJ, Sood AK, Herzog TJ. Latest research and treatment of advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2013; 10:211-24. [PMID: 23381004 PMCID: PMC3786558 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2013.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The natural history of ovarian cancer continues to be characterized by late-stage presentation, metastatic bulky disease burden and stagnant mortality statistics, despite prolific drug development. Robust clinical investigation, particularly with modifications to primary treatment surgical goals and adjuvant therapy are increasing median progression-free survival and overall survival, although the cure rates have been affected only modestly. Maintenance therapy holds promise, but studies have yet to identify an agent and/or strategy that can affect survival. Recurrent disease is largely an incurable state; however, current intervention with selected surgery, combination and targeted therapy and investigational protocols are impacting progression-free survival. Ovarian cancer is a diverse and genomically complex disease, which commands global attention. Rational investigation must balance the high rate of discovery with lagging clinical investigation and limited patient resources. Nevertheless, growth in our armamentarium offers unprecedented opportunities for patients suffering with this disease. This Review presents and reviews the contemporary management of the disease spectrum termed epithelial 'ovarian' cancer and describes the direction and early results of clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Coleman
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology & Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Herman Pressler Drive, Houston, TX 77030, USA. rcoleman@ mdanderson.org
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15
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Matthews GM, Newbold A, Johnstone RW. Intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathway signaling as determinants of histone deacetylase inhibitor antitumor activity. Adv Cancer Res 2013; 116:165-97. [PMID: 23088871 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394387-3.00005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) can elicit a range of biological responses that impede the growth and/or survival of tumor cells. Depending on the physiological context, HDACi can induce apoptosis via two well-defined apoptotic pathways; the intrinsic/mitochondrial pathway and the death receptor (DR)/extrinsic pathway. A number of groups have demonstrated that overexpression of prosurvival Bcl-2 family members significantly reduces HDACi-mediated tumor cell death and therapeutic efficacy in preclinical models. In many cases, HDACi activate the intrinsic pathway via upregulation of a number of proapoptotic BH3-only Bcl-2 family genes including Bim, Bid, and Bmf. Additionally, HDACi can engage the extrinsic pathway through upregulation of DR expression, reductions in c-FLIP, and upregulation of ligands such as TRAIL. Overall, it appears that activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway is the predominant mechanism of HDACi-induced tumor cell death; however, the DR pathway may also be engaged, either to amplify the apoptotic signal through the intrinsic pathway or to directly induce cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey M Matthews
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Gene Regulation Laboratory, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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16
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Epigenetic targeting therapies to overcome chemotherapy resistance. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 754:285-311. [PMID: 22956507 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-9967-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is now well established that epigenetic aberrations occur early in malignant transformation, raising the possibility of identifying chemopreventive compounds or reliable diagnostic screening using epigenetic biomarkers. Combinatorial therapies effective for the reexpression of tumor suppressors, facilitating resensitization to conventional chemotherapies, hold great promise for the future therapy of cancer. This approach may also perturb cancer stem cells and thus represent an effective means for managing a number of solid tumors. We believe that in the near future, anticancer drug regimens will routinely include epigenetic therapies, possibly in conjunction with inhibitors of "stemness" signal pathways, to effectively reduce the devastating occurrence of cancer chemotherapy resistance.
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17
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Balch C, Matei DE, Huang THM, Nephew KP. Role of epigenomics in ovarian and endometrial cancers. Epigenomics 2012; 2:419-47. [PMID: 22121902 DOI: 10.2217/epi.10.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy and while constituting only 3% of all female cancers, it causes 14,600 deaths in the USA annually. Endometrial cancer, the most diagnosed and second-most fatal gynecologic cancer, afflicts over 40,000 US women annually, causing an estimated 7780 deaths in 2009. In both advanced ovarian and endometrial carcinomas, the majority of initially therapy-responsive tumors eventually evolve to a fully drug-resistant phenotype. In addition to genetic mutations, epigenetic anomalies are frequent in both gynecologic malignancies, including aberrant DNA methylation, atypical histone modifications and dysregulated expression of distinct microRNAs, resulting in altered gene-expression patterns favoring cell survival. In this article, we summarize the most recent hypotheses regarding the role of epigenetics in ovarian and endometrial cancers, including a possible role in tumor 'stemness' and also evaluate the possible therapeutic benefits of reversal of these oncogenic chromatin aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis Balch
- Medical Sciences Program, Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Jordan Hall 302, 1001 East Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
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18
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Yan G, Graham K, Lanza-Jacoby S. Curcumin enhances the anticancer effects of trichostatin a in breast cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2012; 52:404-11. [PMID: 22290509 DOI: 10.1002/mc.21875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer patients with HER-2 positive or estrogen receptor negative tumors have a poor prognosis because these tumors are aggressive and respond poorly to standard therapies. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have been shown to decreased cell survival, which suggests that HDAC inhibitors may be developed for preventing and treating breast cancer. Curcumin has anti-inflammatory and proapoptotic effects in cancer cells. We determined whether the HDAC inhibitor, Tricostatin A (TSA) in combination with curcumin would produce greater antiproliferative and apoptotic effects than either agent alone. Increasing the concentration of curcumin from 10 to 20 µM enhanced the growth inhibitory effects of the combination in SkBr3 and 435eB breast cancer cells, which was accompanied by decreased viability along with decreased phosphorylation of ERK and Akt. The decreased cell viability observed in SkBr3 cells when curcumin was combined with TSA led to a G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and increased p21 and p27, and decreased Cyclin D1 protein expression. The combination induced cleavage of caspase 3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1, suggesting that cell death occurred by apoptosis. There were no changes in protein expression of Bcl2, Bax, or Bcl-xL and decreased expression of p53. The combination increased protein expression of phosphorylated JNK and phosphorylated p38. Pharmacological inhibition of JNK, but not p38, attenuated the decreased viability induced by the curcumin and TSA combination. We conclude that p53 independent apoptosis induced by combining curcumin and TSA involves JNK activation. These findings provide a rationale for exploring the potential benefits of the combination of curcumin with TSA for treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yan
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
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Brest P, Lassalle S, Hofman V, Bordone O, Gavric Tanga V, Bonnetaud C, Moreilhon C, Rios G, Santini J, Barbry P, Svanborg C, Mograbi B, Mari B, Hofman P. MiR-129-5p is required for histone deacetylase inhibitor-induced cell death in thyroid cancer cells. Endocr Relat Cancer 2011; 18:711-9. [PMID: 21946411 DOI: 10.1530/erc-10-0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism responsible for the antitumor activity of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) remains elusive. As HDACi have been described to alter miRNA expression, the aim of this study was to characterize HDACi-induced miRNAs and to determine their functional importance in the induction of cell death alone or in combination with other cancer drugs. Two HDACi, trichostatin A and vorinostat, induced miR-129-5p overexpression, histone acetylation and cell death in BCPAP, TPC-1, 8505C, and CAL62 cell lines and in primary cultures of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) cells. In addition, miR-129-5p alone was sufficient to induce cell death and knockdown experiments showed that expression of this miRNA was required for HDACi-induced cell death. Moreover, miR-129-5p accentuated the anti-proliferative effects of other cancer drugs such as etoposide or human α-lactalbumin made lethal for tumor cells (HAMLET). Taken together, our data show that miR-129-5p is involved in the antitumor activity of HDACi and highlight a miRNA-driven cell death mechanism.
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20
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Wilson AJ, Holson E, Wagner F, Zhang YL, Fass DM, Haggarty SJ, Bhaskara S, Hiebert SW, Schreiber SL, Khabele D. The DNA damage mark pH2AX differentiates the cytotoxic effects of small molecule HDAC inhibitors in ovarian cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2011; 12:484-93. [PMID: 21738006 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.12.6.15956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High grade epithelial ovarian cancers are relatively sensitive to DNA damaging platinum-based chemotherapy, suggesting that the dependencies of ovarian tumors on DNA damage response pathways can be harnessed for therapeutic purposes. Our goal was to determine if the DNA damage mark gamma-H2AX phosphorylation (pH2AX) could be used to identify suitable cytotoxic histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) for ovarian cancer treatment. Nineteen chemically diverse HDACi compounds were tested in 7 ovarian cancer cell lines. Fluorescent, biochemical and cell-based assays were performed to assess DNA damage by induction of pH2AX and to measure cell viability and apoptosis. The relationships between pH2AX and the cellular effects of cell viability and apoptosis were calculated. Selected HDACi were tested in combination with cisplatin and other DNA damaging agents to determine if the HDACi improved upon the effects of the DNA damaging agents. The HDACi compounds induced differing levels of pH2AX expression. High levels of pH2AX in HDACi-treated ovarian cancer cells were tightly associated with decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis. Consequently, a ketone-based HDACi was chosen and found to enhance the effects of cisplatin, even in ovarian cancer cells with extreme resistance to DNA damaging drugs. In conclusion, a fluorescent-based assay for pH2AX can be used to determine cellular responses to HDACi in vitro and may be a useful tool to identify potentially more effective HDACi for the treatment of ovarian cancer. In addition, these results lend support to the inclusion of ketone-derived HDACi compounds for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Wilson
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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21
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Weberpals JI, O'Brien AM, Niknejad N, Garbuio KD, Clark-Knowles KV, Dimitroulakos J. The effect of the histone deacetylase inhibitor M344 on BRCA1 expression in breast and ovarian cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2011; 11:29. [PMID: 21854619 PMCID: PMC3175148 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-11-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The inhibition of Breast Cancer 1 (BRCA1) expression sensitizes breast and ovarian cancer cells to platinum chemotherapy. However, therapeutically relevant agents that target BRCA1 expression have not been identified. Our recent report suggested the potential of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, M344, to inhibit BRCA1 expression. In this study, we further evaluated the effect of M344 on BRCA1 mRNA and protein expression, as well as its effect on cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in various breast (MCF7, T-47D and HCC1937) and ovarian (A2780s, A2780cp and OVCAR-4) cancer cell lines. Results With the addition of M344, the platinum-sensitive breast and ovarian cancer cell lines that displayed relatively high BRCA1 protein levels demonstrated significant potentiation of cisplatin cytotoxicity in association with a reduction of BRCA1 protein. The cisplatin-resistant cell lines, T-47D and A2780s, elicited increased cytotoxicity of cisplatin with M344 and down regulation of BRCA1 protein levels. A2780s cells subjected to combination platinum and M344 treatment, demonstrated increased DNA damage as assessed by the presence of phosphorylated H2A.X foci in comparison to either treatment alone. Using Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, A2780s and MCF7 cells exposed to M344 alone and in combination with cisplatin, did not demonstrate enhanced acetylated Histone 4 at the BRCA1 promoter, suggesting an indirect effect on this promoter. Conclusions The enhanced sensitivity of HDAC inhibition to platinum may be mediated through a BRCA1-dependent mechanism in breast and ovarian cancer cells. The findings of this study may be important in the future design of clinical trials involving HDAC inhibitors using BRCA1 as a tumour biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne I Weberpals
- Division of Gynaecologic Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, K1H 8L6, Canada.
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Shih KK, Qin LX, Tanner EJ, Zhou Q, Bisogna M, Dao F, Olvera N, Viale A, Barakat RR, Levine DA. A microRNA survival signature (MiSS) for advanced ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2011; 121:444-50. [PMID: 21354599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression primarily through post-transcriptional modification. We tested the hypothesis that miRNA expression is associated with overall survival in advanced ovarian cancer. METHODS Cases included newly diagnosed patients with stage III or IV serous ovarian cancer. RNA from a training set of 62 cases was hybridized to an miRNA microarray containing 470 mature human transcripts. Cox Regression was performed to identify miRNAs associated with overall survival. External validation was performed using quantitative RT-PCR miRNA assays in an independent test set of 123 samples. MiRNA targets and associated biologic pathways were predicted in silico. RESULTS Of all patients, 80% had high-grade, stage IIIC tumors and 64% underwent optimal cytoreduction. The median survival for the entire cohort was 49±4 months. The training set identified 3 miRNAs associated with survival--miR-337, miR-410, and miR-645. An miRNA signature containing miR-410 and miR-645 was most strongly associated with overall survival in the training set (HR=2.96, 95% CI: 1.51-5.78). This miRNA survival signature (MiSS) was validated in the test set (HR=1.71, 95% CI: 1.05-2.78). The MiSS was independent of FIGO stage and surgical debulking. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that an MiSS that contains miR-410 and miR-645 is negatively associated with overall survival in advanced serous ovarian cancer. This signature, when further validated, may be useful in individualizing care for the ovarian cancer patient. Pathway analyses identify biologically plausible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin K Shih
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Yoon CY, Park MJ, Lee JS, Lee SC, Oh JJ, Park H, Chung CW, Abdullajanov MM, Jeong SJ, Hong SK, Byun SS, Lee ES, Lee SE. The histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A synergistically resensitizes a cisplatin resistant human bladder cancer cell line. J Urol 2011; 185:1102-11. [PMID: 21255805 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2010.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cisplatin is the mainstay of treatment for advanced bladder cancer. However, intrinsic or acquired resistance to cisplatin is common, which severely limits its therapeutic potential. We determined the synergistic antitumor effect of cisplatin and the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A in cisplatin resistant human bladder cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cisplatin resistant human bladder cancer cell line T24R2 was exposed to cisplatin and/or trichostatin A. Tumor cell proliferation was examined by cell counting kit assay. Synergism between 2 drugs was examined by the combination index. Changes in cell cycle and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry. We analyzed the expression of caspase-3, 8 and 9, poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase, p21WAF1/CIP1, cyclin A, B1 and D1, Cdc2c, p-Cdc2c, Cdc25c, p-Cdc25c, cytochrome c, p-Akt, t-Akt, Bcl-2, Bax, Bad, vascular endothelial growth factor and fetal liver kinase-1 by Western blot and colorimetric assay. RESULTS Based on the combination index and isobole analysis of the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay we observed a strong synergistic antitumor effect between cisplatin and trichostatin A, allowing a 3.5 and 4.9-fold dose reduction in cisplatin and trichostatin A, respectively, while achieving an estimated 90% kill of T24R2 cells. The underlying mechanism could be synergistic cell cycle arrest, induction of caspase mediated apoptosis or up-regulated expression of pro-apoptotic Bad and Bax. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that trichostatin A may synergistically enhance the antitumor effect of cisplatin and resensitize cisplatin resistant bladder cancer cells. These findings suggest the potential use of histone deacetylase inhibitor as a combination agent to enhance the antitumor effect of cisplatin in patients with advanced bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Yong Yoon
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Seoul National University, Bndang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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Yoshikawa M, Hishikawa K, Idei M, Fujita T. Trichostatin a prevents TGF-beta1-induced apoptosis by inhibiting ERK activation in human renal tubular epithelial cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 642:28-36. [PMID: 20553909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Revised: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have recently been reported to have possible reno-protective effects in the last few years. In this study, we found that tricostatin A (TSA), an HDAC inhibitor, prevented transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1)-induced apoptosis in cultured human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (RPTECs). TGF-beta1-induced apoptosis via the activation of both caspase-8 and caspase-9 but did not activate the Fas receptor and did not alter Bcl-2 or Bax protein expression. TSA prevented TGF-beta1-induced apoptosis and the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-9 in RPTECs but did not inhibit the TGF-beta1-induced phosphorylation of Smad3 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). However, TSA inhibited the TGF-beta1-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), and the MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitor U0126, which specifically inhibits ERK, also prevented TGF-beta1-induced apoptosis. Our results show, for the first time, that TSA inhibits TGF-beta1-induced ERK activation and overrides pro-apoptotic signals like Smad3 and p38 in human RPTECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yoshikawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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Close P, Creppe C, Gillard M, Ladang A, Chapelle JP, Nguyen L, Chariot A. The emerging role of lysine acetylation of non-nuclear proteins. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:1255-64. [PMID: 20082207 PMCID: PMC11115803 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0252-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Revised: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 12/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lysine acetylation is a post-translational modification that critically regulates gene transcription by targeting histones as well as a variety of transcription factors in the nucleus. More recent reports have also demonstrated that numerous proteins located outside the nucleus are also acetylated and that this modification has profound consequences on their functions. This review describes the latest findings on the substrates acetylated outside the nucleus and on the acetylases and deacetylates that catalyse these modifications. Protein acetylation is emerging as a major mechanism by which key proteins are regulated in many physiological processes such as migration, metabolism and aging as well as in pathological circumstances such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Close
- Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- GIGA-Signal Transduction, Laboratory of Medical Chemistry, GIGA-R Tour GIGA, University of Liège, +2 B34, C.H.U. Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Catherine Creppe
- Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- GIGA-Signal Transduction, Laboratory of Medical Chemistry, GIGA-R Tour GIGA, University of Liège, +2 B34, C.H.U. Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Magali Gillard
- Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- GIGA-Signal Transduction, Laboratory of Medical Chemistry, GIGA-R Tour GIGA, University of Liège, +2 B34, C.H.U. Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Ladang
- Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- GIGA-Signal Transduction, Laboratory of Medical Chemistry, GIGA-R Tour GIGA, University of Liège, +2 B34, C.H.U. Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Chapelle
- Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- GIGA-Signal Transduction, Laboratory of Medical Chemistry, GIGA-R Tour GIGA, University of Liège, +2 B34, C.H.U. Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurent Nguyen
- Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alain Chariot
- Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- GIGA-Signal Transduction, Laboratory of Medical Chemistry, GIGA-R Tour GIGA, University of Liège, +2 B34, C.H.U. Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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BRCA1 as a Therapeutic Target in Sporadic Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2010; 2010:891059. [PMID: 20182637 PMCID: PMC2825770 DOI: 10.1155/2010/891059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In sporadic epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), the inactivation of BRCA1 through various mechanisms is a relatively common event. BRCA1 protein dysfunction results in the breakdown of various critical pathways in the cell, notably, the DNA damage response and repair pathway. Tumors from patients with BRCA1 germline mutations have an increased sensitivity to DNA damaging chemotherapeutic agents, such as cisplatin, due to defective DNA repair. Thus, inhibiting BRCA1 in sporadic EOC using novel targeted therapies is an attractive strategy for the treatment of advanced or recurrent EOC. Several classes of small molecule inhibitors that affect BRCA1 have now been tested in preclinical and clinical studies suggesting that this is a rational therapeutic approach. The aim of this paper is to provide an understanding of how BRCA1 has evolved into a promising target for the treatment of sporadic disease and to outline the main potential small molecule inhibitors of BRCA1 in EOC.
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Dietrich CS, Greenberg VL, DeSimone CP, Modesitt SC, van Nagell JR, Craven R, Zimmer SG. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) potentiates paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cell lines. Gynecol Oncol 2010; 116:126-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2009.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Revised: 09/20/2009] [Accepted: 09/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Trichostatin A sensitizes cisplatin-resistant A549 cells to apoptosis by up-regulating death-associated protein kinase. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2010; 31:93-101. [PMID: 20048748 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2009.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the apoptosis-inducing effect of trichostatin A (TSA) in the human lung adenocarcinoma cisplatin-resistant cell line (A549/CDDP) and to examine whether TSA can enhance sensitivity to cisplatin treatment and the underlying molecular mechanisms of such an enhancement. METHODS Cell viability was evaluated using the Neutral Red assay. Apoptosis was assessed using Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry analysis. Protein expression was detected by Western blotting. To determine the role of Death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) in TSA-induced apoptosis in the A549/CDDP cell line, cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1(+)-DAPK, which has a higher expression level of DAPK compared to endogenous expression, and DAPK activity was inhibited by both over-expression C-terminal fragment of DAPK which may competitive binding DAPK substrates to inhibit the function of DAPK and RNA interference. RESULTS TSA induced apoptosis in both A549 cells and A549/CDDP cells. TSA enhanced the sensitivity of A549/CDDP cells to cisplatin, along with concomitant DAPK up-regulation. When DAPK was over-expressed, A549/CDDP cells became sensitive to cisplatin and the cytotoxicity of TSA could be increased. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of TSA could be alleviated by inhibition of DAPK activity by the expression of a recombinant C-terminal fragment of DAPK or RNA interference. CONCLUSION TSA induced sensitivity to cisplatin treatment in cisplatin-resistant A549 cells. The up-regulation of DAPK is one of the mechanisms mediating sensitization to TSA-induced apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant cells.
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A rationally designed histone deacetylase inhibitor with distinct antitumor activity against ovarian cancer. Neoplasia 2009; 11:552-63, 3 p following 563. [PMID: 19484144 DOI: 10.1593/neo.09204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Revised: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) are a class of antineoplastic agents previously demonstrating preclinical chemosensitizing activity against drug-resistant cancer cells and mouse xenografts. However, whereas clinical studies have shown efficacy against human hematologic malignancies, solid tumor trials have proved disappointing. We previously developed a novel HDACI, "OSU-HDAC42," and herein examine its activity against ovarian cancer cell lines and xenografts. OSU-HDAC42, (i) unlike most HDACIs, elicited a more than five-fold increase in G(2)-phase cells, at 2.5 microM, with G(2) arrest followed by apoptosis; (ii) at 1.0 microM, completely repressed messenger RNA expression of the cell cycle progression gene cdc2; (iii) at low doses (0.25-1.0 microM for 24 hours), induced tumor cell epithelial differentiation, as evidenced by morphology changes and a more than five-fold up-regulation of epithelium-specific cytokeratins; (iv) potently abrogated the growth of numerous ovarian cancer cells, with IC(50) values of 0.5 to 1.0 microM, whereas also remaining eight-fold less toxic (IC(50) of 8.6 microM) to normal ovarian surface epithelial cells; and (v) chemosensitizated platinum-resistant mouse xenografts to cisplatin. Compared with the clinically approved HDACI suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (vorinostat), 1.0 microM OSU-HDAC42 was more biochemically potent (i.e., enzyme-inhibitory), as suggested by greater gene up-regulation and acetylation of both histone and nonhistone proteins. In p53-dysfunctional cells, however, OSU-HDAC42 was two- to eight-fold less inductive of p53-regulated genes, whereas also having a two-fold higher IC(50) than p53-functional cells, demonstrating some interaction with p53 tumor-suppressive cascades. These findings establish OSU-HDAC42 as a promising therapeutic agent for drug-resistant ovarian cancer and justify its further investigation.
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Frew AJ, Johnstone RW, Bolden JE. Enhancing the apoptotic and therapeutic effects of HDAC inhibitors. Cancer Lett 2009; 280:125-33. [PMID: 19359091 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2008] [Revised: 12/12/2008] [Accepted: 02/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are anti-cancer drugs that have moved rapidly through clinical development and in 2006 vorinostat (SAHA, Zolinza) was given FDA approval for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Class I, II and IV HDACs that are targets for these compounds deacetylate histone proteins, resulting in chromatin remodelling and altered gene transcription. In addition, numerous non-histone proteins are modified by acetylation and the inhibition of HDAC activity can therefore affect various molecular processes. This broad effect on protein function may account for the pleiotropic anti-tumor responses elicited by HDACi that include induction of tumor cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, differentiation and senescence, modulation of immune responses and altered angiogenesis. The ability of HDACi to selectively induce tumor cells to undergo apoptosis is important for the therapeutic efficacy observed in pre-clinical models. Moreover, HDACi can augment the apoptotic effects of other anti-cancer agents that have diverse molecular targets. While HDACi are promising anti-cancer drugs, particularly given the scope to combine HDACi with other agents, identifying the key molecular events that determine the biological response of cells to HDACi treatment remains a challenge. Herein we focus on HDACi-induced apoptosis and discuss the various proteins and pathways that are affected by HDACi to mediate this programmed cell death response. In addition, we highlight the ability of HDACi to synergise with other anti-cancer agents to potently kill tumor cells and discuss the possible molecular processes that underpin the combination effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailsa J Frew
- Cancer Immunology Program, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Trescowthick Research Laboratories, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Expression of class I histone deacetylases indicates poor prognosis in endometrioid subtypes of ovarian and endometrial carcinomas. Neoplasia 2009; 10:1021-7. [PMID: 18714364 DOI: 10.1593/neo.08474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2008] [Revised: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are an emerging class of targeted cancer therapeutics, and little is known about HDAC expression in gynecologic malignancies. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis whether high-level expression of class 1 HDACs (HDAC1, 2, and 3) is associated with clinically distinct subsets of ovarian and endometrial carcinomas. Expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in a population-based cohort of 465 ovarian and 149 endometrial carcinomas and correlated with clinicopathologic parameters. Each of the HDACs was expressed at high levels in most ovarian (HDAC1, 61%; HDAC2, 93%; HDAC3, 84%) and endometrial (HDAC1, 61%; HDAC2, 95%; HDAC3, 83%) carcinomas. Further, 55% and 56% of ovarian and endometrial carcinomas, respectively, expressed all three HDACs at high levels. Such cases were less common among endometrioid subtypes of ovarian and endometrial carcinomas (36% and 52% positive cases, respectively) compared with high-grade serous subtypes (64 and 69%, respectively, P < .001). High-level expression of all three HDACs is associated with a poor prognosis in ovarian endometrioid carcinomas (hazard ratio, 6.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.9-23.3). The independent prognostic information and the overall high rate of expression for class I HDACs suggest that these targets should be explored as predictive factors in ovarian and endometrial carcinomas prospectively.
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Aubert N, Vaudry D, Falluel-Morel A, Desfeux A, Fisch C, Ancian P, de Jouffrey S, Le Bigot JF, Couvineau A, Laburthe M, Fournier A, Laudenbach V, Vaudry H, Gonzalez BJ. PACAP prevents toxicity induced by cisplatin in rat and primate neurons but not in proliferating ovary cells: involvement of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Neurobiol Dis 2008; 32:66-80. [PMID: 18652895 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2008.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2007] [Revised: 05/27/2008] [Accepted: 06/15/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent whose use is limited by side effects including neuropathies. In proliferating cells, toxic action of cisplatin is based on DNA interactions, while, in quiescent cells, it can induce apoptosis by interacting with proteins. In the present study, we compared cytotoxic mechanisms activated by cisplatin in primate and rodent neurons and in ovary cells in order to determine whether the anti-apoptotic peptide PACAP could selectively reduce neurotoxicity. In quiescent neurons, JNK and sphingomyelinase inhibitors blocked cisplatin-induced cell death. Toxicity was associated with DNA laddering, caspase-3 and -9 activations and Bax induction. These effects were prevented by PACAP. In proliferating cells, cisplatin activated caspase-8 but had no effect on caspase-9. PACAP exerted no protective effect. These data indicate that cisplatin activates distinct apoptotic pathways in quiescent neurons and proliferating cells and that PACAP may reduce neurotoxicity of cisplatin without affecting its chemotherapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Aubert
- INSERM U413, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23), University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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Trichostatin A up-regulates p73 and induces Bax-dependent apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:1410-9. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chung YL, Troy H, Kristeleit R, Aherne W, Jackson LE, Atadja P, Griffiths JR, Judson IR, Workman P, Leach MO, Beloueche-Babari M. Noninvasive magnetic resonance spectroscopic pharmacodynamic markers of a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, LAQ824, in human colon carcinoma cells and xenografts. Neoplasia 2008; 10:303-13. [PMID: 18392140 PMCID: PMC2288545 DOI: 10.1593/neo.07834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2007] [Revised: 01/27/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to use phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((31)P MRS) to investigate the pharmacodynamic effects of LAQ824, a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. Human HT29 colon carcinoma cells were examined by (31)P MRS after treatment with LAQ824 and another HDAC inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid. HT29 xenografts and tumor extracts were also examined using (31)P MRS, pre- and post-LAQ824 treatment. Histone H3 acetylation was determined using Western blot analysis, and tumor microvessel density by immunohistochemical staining of CD31. Phosphocholine showed a significant increase in HT29 cells after treatment with LAQ824 and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid. In vivo, the ratio of phosphomonoester/total phosphorus (TotP) signal was significantly increased in LAQ824-treated HT29 xenografts, and this ratio was inversely correlated with changes in tumor volume. Statistically significant decreases in intracellular pH, beta-nucleoside triphosphate (beta-NTP)/TotP, and beta-NTP/inorganic phosphate (Pi) and an increase in Pi/TotP were also seen in LAQ824-treated tumors. Tumor extracts showed many significant metabolic changes after LAQ824 treatment, in parallel with increased histone acetylation and decreased microvessel density. Treatment with LAQ824 resulted in altered phospholipid metabolism and compromised tumor bioenergetics. The phosphocholine and phosphomonoester increases may have the potential to act as pharmacodynamic markers for noninvasively monitoring tumor response after treatment with LAQ824 or other HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen-Li Chung
- Cancer Research UK, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, St. George's University of London, London, UK.
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Histone deacetylase inhibitors: mechanisms and clinical significance in cancer: HDAC inhibitor-induced apoptosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2008; 615:261-98. [PMID: 18437899 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6554-5_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epigenic modifications, mainly DNA methylation and acetylation, are recognized as the main mechanisms contributing to the malignant phenotype. Acetylation and deacetylation are catalyzed by specific enzymes, histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), respectively. While histones represent a primary target for the physiological function of HDACs, the antitumor effect of HDAC inhibitors might also be attributed to transcription-independent mechanisms by modulating the acetylation status of a series of non-histone proteins. HDAC inhibitors may act through the transcriptional reactivation of dormant tumor suppressor genes. They also modulate expression of several other genes related to cell cycle, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Several HDAC inhibitors are currently in clinical trials both for solid and hematologic malignancies. Thus, HDAC inhibitors, in combination with DNA-demethylating agents, chemopreventive, or classical chemotherapeutic drugs, could be promising candidates for cancer therapy. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential of HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of cancer.
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Qian X, LaRochelle WJ, Ara G, Wu F, Petersen KD, Thougaard A, Sehested M, Lichenstein HS, Jeffers M. Activity of PXD101, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, in preclinical ovarian cancer studies. Mol Cancer Ther 2006; 5:2086-95. [PMID: 16928830 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-06-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors represent a promising new class of anticancer agents. In the current investigation, we examined the activity of PXD101, a potent histone deacetylase inhibitor, used alone or in combination with clinically relevant chemotherapeutics (docetaxel, paclitaxel, and carboplatin), in preclinical in vitro and in vivo models of ovarian cancer. In vitro activity was examined in ovarian cancer and multidrug-resistant cell lines grown in monolayer culture, and in primary clinical ovarian cancer specimens grown in three-dimensional organoid culture. PXD101 was found to inhibit in vitro cancer cell growth at sub- to low micromolar IC(50) potency, exhibited synergistic activity when used in combination with relevant chemotherapeutics, and effectively inhibited the growth of multidrug-resistant cells. In vivo, PXD101 displayed single-agent antitumor activity on human A2780 ovarian cancer s.c. xenografts which was enhanced via combination therapy with carboplatin. In support of these findings, PXD101 was shown to increase the acetylation of alpha-tubulin induced by docetaxel and the phosphorylation of H2AX induced by carboplatin. Taken together, these results support the clinical evaluation of PXD101 used alone or in combination therapy for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhong Qian
- CuraGen Corporation, 322 East Main Street, Branford, CT 06405, USA
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Yoshikawa M, Hishikawa K, Marumo T, Fujita T. Inhibition of histone deacetylase activity suppresses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition induced by TGF-beta1 in human renal epithelial cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 18:58-65. [PMID: 17135397 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2005111187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone acetylation plays an important role in regulating gene expressions by modulating chromatin structure. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have been reported to have an antifibrogenic effect in some organs, such as the liver, skin, and lung, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be clarified. In the kidney, bone morphologic protein 7 (BMP-7) and hepatocyte growth factor are reported to antagonize TGF-beta1-induced tubular epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), but nothing is known concerning the effect of HDAC inhibitors on EMT. It was shown that trichostatin A (TSA), an HDAC inhibitor, prevented TGF-beta1-induced EMT in cultured human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. Treatment with TGF-beta1 induced morphologic changes such as EMT in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. However, co-treatment with TSA completely prevented TGF-beta1-induced morphologic changes and significantly prevented TGF-beta1-induced downregulation of E-cadherin and upregulation of collagen type I. Treatment with TSA did not alter TGF-beta1-induced phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 but induced several inhibitory factors of TGF-beta1 signals, such as inhibitors of DNA binding/differentiation 2 (Id2) and BMP-7. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay confirmed that histone acetylation was involved in the downregulation of E-cadherin and upregulation of Id2 and BMP-7. These results suggest that TSA and other HDAC inhibitors could be new therapeutic agents for tubular EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yoshikawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University Hospital of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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Huang X, Guo B. Adenomatous polyposis coli determines sensitivity to histone deacetylase inhibitor-induced apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Cancer Res 2006; 66:9245-51. [PMID: 16982769 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-0887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDAC) inhibit malignant cell growth and induce apoptosis through unknown mechanisms. Here, we report that the expression status of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein determines the relative sensitivity of colon cancer cells to HDAC inhibitor-induced apoptosis. HCA-7 cells (expressing wild-type beta-catenin and APC proteins) are more sensitive to apoptosis induced by HDAC inhibitors valproic acid (VPA) and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid than SW620 or HT-29 cells (both expressing mutant APC). When wild-type APC protein was expressed using an inducible expression system, HT-29 cells became sensitive to apoptosis in response to VPA. Conversely, knocking down of endogenous APC protein by small interfering RNA (siRNA) blocked VPA-induced apoptosis in HCA-7 cells. APC mediated VPA-induced apoptosis through down-regulation of survivin. The level of survivin protein decreased in HCA-7 and HT-29/APC cells, but not in SW620 and HT-29/beta-Gal cells after VPA treatment. Whereas knocking down of survivin by siRNA sensitized SW620 cells to VPA-induced apoptosis, overexpression of survivin blocked VPA-induced apoptosis in HCA-7 cells. Down-regulation of survivin transcription occurred through changes in GSK-3beta/beta-catenin/Tcf-4 signaling molecules. VPA also induced proteasome-mediated degradation of survivin protein in HCA-7 cells. Furthermore, we have shown that APC mutation-mediated resistance to apoptosis can be overcome by cotreatment with Flavopiridol, which promotes survivin degradation. These results suggest that APC is a critical determinant of HDAC inhibitor-induced apoptosis in colon cancer cells and survivin is a potential target to enhance apoptotic response to HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, USA
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Leyton J, Alao JP, Da Costa M, Stavropoulou AV, Latigo JR, Perumal M, Pillai R, He Q, Atadja P, Lam EWF, Workman P, Vigushin DM, Aboagye EO. In vivoBiological Activity of the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor LAQ824 Is detectable with 3′-Deoxy-3′-[18F]Fluorothymidine Positron Emission Tomography. Cancer Res 2006; 66:7621-9. [PMID: 16885362 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-3962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACI) are emerging as growth inhibitory compounds that modulate gene expression and inhibit tumor cell proliferation. We assessed whether 3'-deoxy-3'-[(18)F]fluorothymidine-positron emission tomography ([18F]FLT-PET) could be used to noninvasively measure the biological activity of a novel HDACI LAQ824 in vivo. We initially showed that thymidine kinase 1 (TK1; EC2.7.1.21), the enzyme responsible for [18F]FLT retention in cells, was regulated by LAQ824 in a drug concentration-dependent manner in vitro. In HCT116 colon carcinoma xenograft-bearing mice, LAQ824 significantly decreased tumor [18F]FLT uptake in a dose-dependent manner. At day 4 of treatment, [18F]FLT tumor-to-heart ratios at 60 minutes (NUV60) were 2.16 +/- 0.15, 1.86 +/- 0.13, and 1.45 +/- 0.20 in vehicle, and 5 and 25 mg/kg LAQ824 treatment groups, respectively (P < or = 0.05). LAQ825 at 5 mg/kg also significantly reduced both TK1 levels and [18F]FLT uptake at day 10 but not at day 2 (P < or = 0.05). [18F]FLT NUV60 correlated significantly with cellular proliferation (r = 0.68; P = 0.0019) and was associated with drug-induced histone H4 hyperacetylation. Of interest to [18F]FLT-PET imaging, both TK1 mRNA copy numbers and protein levels decreased in the order vehicle >5 mg/kg LAQ824 > 25 mg/kg LAQ824, providing a rationale for the use of [18F]FLT-PET in this setting. We also observed increases in Rb hypophosphorylation and p21 levels, factors that could have contributed to the alteration in TK1 transcription in vivo. In conclusion, we have shown the utility of [18F]FLT-PET for monitoring the biological activity of the HDACI, LAQ824. Drug-induced changes in tumor [18F]FLT uptake were due, at least in part, to reductions in TK1 transcription and translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Leyton
- Molecular Therapy and Cancer Cell Biology, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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Sonnemann J, Gänge J, Pilz S, Stötzer C, Ohlinger R, Belau A, Lorenz G, Beck JF. Comparative evaluation of the treatment efficacy of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and paclitaxel in ovarian cancer cell lines and primary ovarian cancer cells from patients. BMC Cancer 2006; 6:183. [PMID: 16834771 PMCID: PMC1539015 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-6-183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2006] [Accepted: 07/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In most patients with ovarian cancer, diagnosis occurs after the tumour has disseminated beyond the ovaries. In these cases, post-surgical taxane/platinum combination chemotherapy is the "gold standard". However, most of the patients experience disease relapse and eventually die due to the emergence of chemotherapy resistance. Histone deacetylase inhibitors are novel anticancer agents that hold promise to improve patient outcome. Methods We compared a prototypic histone deacetylase inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), and paclitaxel for their treatment efficacy in ovarian cancer cell lines and in primary patient-derived ovarian cancer cells. The primary cancer cells were isolated from malignant ascites collected from five patients with stage III ovarian carcinomas. Cytotoxic activities were evaluated by Alamar Blue assay and by caspase-3 activation. The ability of SAHA to kill drug-resistant 2780AD cells was also assessed. Results By employing the cell lines OVCAR-3, SK-OV-3, and A2780, we established SAHA at concentrations of 1 to 20 μM to be as efficient in inducing cell death as paclitaxel at concentrations of 3 to 300 nM. Consequently, we treated the patient-derived cancer cells with these doses of the drugs. All five isolates were sensitive to SAHA, with cell killing ranging from 21% to 63% after a 72-h exposure to 20 μM SAHA, while four of them were resistant to paclitaxel (i.e., <10% cell death at 300 nM paclitaxel for 72 hours). Likewise, treatment with SAHA led to an increase in caspase-3 activity in all five isolates, whereas treatment with paclitaxel had no effect on caspase-3 activity in three of them. 2780AD cells were responsive to SAHA but resistant to paclitaxel. Conclusion These ex vivo findings raise the possibility that SAHA may prove effective in the treatment of paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Sonnemann
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Friedrich-Loeffler-Str. 23d, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jennifer Gänge
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Friedrich-Loeffler-Str. 23d, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sabine Pilz
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Friedrich-Loeffler-Str. 23d, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christine Stötzer
- Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Soldmannstr. 15, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ralf Ohlinger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Wollweberstr. 1, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Antje Belau
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Wollweberstr. 1, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gerd Lorenz
- Department of Pathology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Friedrich-Loeffler-Str. 23e, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - James F Beck
- Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Soldmannstr. 15, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
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