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Yadav R, Mahajan S, Singh H, Mehra NK, Madan J, Doijad N, Singh PK, Guru SK. Emerging In Vitro and In Vivo Models: Hope for the Better Understanding of Cancer Progression and Treatment. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024:e2300487. [PMID: 38581078 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Various cancer models have been developed to aid the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of tumor development and evaluate the effectiveness of various anticancer drugs in preclinical studies. These models accurately reproduce the critical stages of tumor initiation and development to mimic the tumor microenvironment better. Using these models for target validation, tumor response evaluation, resistance modeling, and toxicity comprehension can significantly enhance the drug development process. Herein, various in vivo or animal models are presented, typically consisting of several mice and in vitro models ranging in complexity from transwell models to spheroids and CRISPR-Cas9 technologies. While in vitro models have been used for decades and dominate the early stages of drug development, they are still limited primary to simplistic tests based on testing on a single cell type cultivated in Petri dishes. Recent advancements in developing new cancer therapies necessitate the generation of complicated animal models that accurately mimic the tumor's complexity and microenvironment. Mice make effective tumor models as they are affordable, have a short reproductive cycle, exhibit rapid tumor growth, and are simple to manipulate genetically. Human cancer mouse models are crucial to understanding the neoplastic process and basic and clinical research improvements. The following review summarizes different in vitro and in vivo metastasis models, their advantages and disadvantages, and their ability to serve as a model for cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Srushti Mahajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Hoshiyar Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Neelesh Kumar Mehra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Jitender Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Nandkumar Doijad
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Guru
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
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Files R, Santos C, Queiroga FL, Silva F, Delgado L, Pires I, Prada J. Investigating Cox-2 and EGFR as Biomarkers in Canine Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Implications for Diagnosis and Therapy. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:485-497. [PMID: 38248333 PMCID: PMC10814971 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common and highly aggressive dog tumor known for its local invasiveness and metastatic potential. Understanding the molecular mechanisms driving the development and progression of OSCC is crucial for improving diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Additionally, spontaneous oral squamous cell carcinomas in dogs are an excellent model for studying human counterparts. In this study, we aimed to investigate the significance of two key molecular components, Cox-2 and EGFR, in canine OSCC. We examined 34 tumor sections from various dog breeds to assess the immunoexpression of Cox-2 and EGFR. Our findings revealed that Cox-2 was highly expressed in 70.6% of cases, while EGFR overexpression was observed in 44.1%. Cox-2 overexpression showed association with histological grade of malignancy (HGM) (p = 0.006) and EGFR with vascular invasion (p = 0.006). COX-2 and EGFR concurrent expression was associated with HGM (p = 0.002), as well as with the presence of vascular invasion (p = 0.002). These data suggest that Cox-2 and EGFR could be promising biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets, opening avenues for developing novel treatment strategies for dogs affected by OSCC. Further studies are warranted to delve deeper into these findings and translate them into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Files
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (R.F.); (C.S.); (F.L.Q.); (F.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Catarina Santos
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (R.F.); (C.S.); (F.L.Q.); (F.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Felisbina L. Queiroga
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (R.F.); (C.S.); (F.L.Q.); (F.S.); (J.P.)
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre for the Study of Animal Science, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, 4200-427 Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipe Silva
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (R.F.); (C.S.); (F.L.Q.); (F.S.); (J.P.)
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Leonor Delgado
- UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU (IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal;
- Pathology Department, INNO Serviços Especializados em Veterinária, 4710-503 Braga, Portugal
| | - Isabel Pires
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (R.F.); (C.S.); (F.L.Q.); (F.S.); (J.P.)
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Justina Prada
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (R.F.); (C.S.); (F.L.Q.); (F.S.); (J.P.)
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Oh W, Kim AMJ, Dhawan D, Kirkham PM, Ostafe R, Franco J, Aryal UK, Carnahan RH, Patsekin V, Robinson JP, Knapp DW, Lim SO. Development of an Anti-canine PD-L1 Antibody and Caninized PD-L1 Mouse Model as Translational Research Tools for the Study of Immunotherapy in Humans. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:860-873. [PMID: 37377896 PMCID: PMC10184575 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade therapy, one of the most promising cancer immunotherapies, has shown remarkable clinical impact in multiple cancer types. Despite the recent success of immune checkpoint blockade therapy, however, the response rates in patients with cancer are limited (∼20%-40%). To improve the success of immune checkpoint blockade therapy, relevant preclinical animal models are essential for the development and testing of multiple combination approaches and strategies. Companion dogs naturally develop several types of cancer that in many respects resemble clinical cancer in human patients. Therefore, the canine studies of immuno-oncology drugs can generate knowledge that informs and prioritizes new immuno-oncology therapy in humans. The challenge has been, however, that immunotherapeutic antibodies targeting canine immune checkpoint molecules such as canine PD-L1 (cPD-L1) have not been commercially available. Here, we developed a new cPD-L1 antibody as an immuno-oncology drug and characterized its functional and biological properties in multiple assays. We also evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of cPD-L1 antibodies in our unique caninized PD-L1 mice. Together, these in vitro and in vivo data, which include an initial safety profile in laboratory dogs, support development of this cPD-L1 antibody as an immune checkpoint inhibitor for studies in dogs with naturally occurring cancer for translational research. Our new therapeutic antibody and caninized PD-L1 mouse model will be essential translational research tools in raising the success rate of immunotherapy in both dogs and humans. Significance Our cPD-L1 antibody and unique caninized mouse model will be critical research tools to improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapy in both dogs and humans. Furthermore, these tools will open new perspectives for immunotherapy applications in cancer as well as other autoimmune diseases that could benefit a diverse and broader patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonkyung Oh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Alyssa Min Jung Kim
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Deepika Dhawan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Perry M. Kirkham
- Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Raluca Ostafe
- Molecular Evolution, Protein Engineering and Production, Purdue Institute for Inflammation Immunology and Infection Diseases, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Jackeline Franco
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Uma K. Aryal
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Robert H. Carnahan
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Valery Patsekin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - J. Paul Robinson
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Deborah W. Knapp
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Seung-Oe Lim
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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Uddin MJ, Niitsu H, Coffey RJ, Marnett LJ. Development of Pluoronic nanoparticles of fluorocoxib A for endoscopic fluorescence imaging of colonic adenomas. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2023; 28:040501. [PMID: 37091910 PMCID: PMC10118138 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.4.040501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Significance Current white light colonoscopy suffers from many limitations that allow 22% to 32% of preneoplastic lesions to remain undetected. This high number of false negatives contributes to the appearance of interval malignancies, defined as neoplasms diagnosed between screening colonoscopies at a rate of 2% to 6%. Aim The shortcomings of today's white light-based colorectal cancer screening are addressed by colonoscopic fluorescence imaging of preneoplastic lesions using targeted fluorescent agents to enhance contrast between the lesion and the surrounding normal colonic epithelium. Approach We describe the development of Pluronic® nanoparticles of fluorocoxib A (FA), a fluorescent cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor that enables targeted imaging of inflammation and cancer in numerous animal models, for endoscopic florescence imaging of colonic adenomas. Results We formulated FA, a fluorescent COX-2 inhibitor, or fluorocoxib negative control (FNC), a nontargeted fluorophore and a negative control for FA, in micellar nanoparticles of FDA approved Pluronic tri-block co-polymer using a bulk solvent evaporation method. This afforded FA-loaded micellar nanoparticles (FA-NPs) or FNC-loaded micellar nanoparticles (FNC-NPs) with the hydrodynamic diameters (D h ) of 45.7 ± 2.5 nm and 44.9 ± 3.8 nm and the zeta potentials ( ζ ) of - 1.47 ± 0.3 mV and - 1.64 ± 0.5 mV , respectively. We intravenously injected B6;129 mice bearing colonic adenomas induced by azoxymethane and dextran-sodium sulfate with FA-loaded Pluronic nanoparticles (FA-NPs). The diffusion-mediated local FA release and its binding to COX-2 enzyme allowed for clear detection of adenomas with high signal-to-noise ratios. The COX-2 targeted delivery and tumor retention were validated by negligible tumor fluorescence detected upon colonoscopic imaging of adenoma-bearing mice injected with Pluronic nanoparticles of FNC or of animals predosed with the COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, followed by intravenous dosing of FA-NPs. Conclusions These results demonstrate that the formulation of FA in Pluronic nanoparticles overcomes a significant hurdle to its clinical development for early detection of colorectal neoplasms by fluorescence endoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Jashim Uddin
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Hiroaki Niitsu
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Robert J. Coffey
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Lawrence J. Marnett
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Chemistry, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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Yamasaki H, Uematsu Y, Okano K, Ichikawa M, Tei M, Hirabayashi M, Uchida K, Ono K, Hirao H. Establishment and characterization of urothelial carcinoma cell lines with and without BRAF mutation (V595E) in dogs. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2022; 58:898-911. [PMID: 36477686 PMCID: PMC9780145 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-022-00736-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Each 5 urothelial carcinoma (UC) cell lines with and without the v-Raf murine sarcoma virus oncogene homolog B (BRAF) gene mutation (V595E) were established and examined V595E-related tumorigenic characteristics in dogs. No typical morphological features were observed in cloned cells with and without V595E. The cell proliferation of both cloned cells showed logarithmic growth curve and those doubling time were 24.9 ± 4.1 h in V595E ( +) and 29.3 ± 11.3 h in V595E ( -). On the growth curve of xenotransplanted tumor in severe combined immunodeficiency mice, 3 out of 5 V595E ( +) and 2 out of 5 V595E ( -) cloned cells revealed gradually and remarkably increasing curve, indicating clearly tumorigenicity. The xenotransplanted tumors with V595E ( +) showed typical features of UC, such as solid proliferation of pleomorphic tumor cells, formation of papillary structure, and glandular structure. Additionally, various vascular formation was observed, probably indicating an advanced growth phase of UC. In mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, cytoplasmic phosphorylated-BRAF (pBRAF) and cytoplasmic and nuclear phosphorylated-ERK1/2 (pERK1/2) were detected in all 4 tumors with V595E ( +), whereas only cytoplasmic and nuclear pERK1/2 was detected in tumors with V595E ( -). Since V595E can directly activate MAPK signaling pathway, coincidence of V595E with pBRAF (phosphor Thr598/Ser601) indicates acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitors. These established UC cell lines, especially V595E ( +) cell lines, are useful tool for understanding pathophysiological states and controlling therapeutic manners of UC in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Yamasaki
- Japan Animal Referral Medical Center, 2-5-8 Kuji, Takatsu-Ku, Kawasaki-Shi, Kanagawa, 213-0032, Japan
| | - Yosuke Uematsu
- Canine-Lab, 3-5-2 Ueno, Taito-Ku, Tokyo, 110-0005, Japan
| | - Kumiko Okano
- Japan Animal Referral Medical Center, 2-5-8 Kuji, Takatsu-Ku, Kawasaki-Shi, Kanagawa, 213-0032, Japan
| | - Mika Ichikawa
- Japan Animal Referral Medical Center, 2-5-8 Kuji, Takatsu-Ku, Kawasaki-Shi, Kanagawa, 213-0032, Japan
| | - Meina Tei
- Japan Animal Referral Medical Center, 2-5-8 Kuji, Takatsu-Ku, Kawasaki-Shi, Kanagawa, 213-0032, Japan
| | - Miyuki Hirabayashi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Ono
- Japan Animal Referral Medical Center, 2-5-8 Kuji, Takatsu-Ku, Kawasaki-Shi, Kanagawa, 213-0032, Japan.
| | - Hidehiro Hirao
- Japan Animal Referral Medical Center, 2-5-8 Kuji, Takatsu-Ku, Kawasaki-Shi, Kanagawa, 213-0032, Japan
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Dhawan D, Ramos-Vara JA, Utturkar SM, Ruple A, Tersey SA, Nelson JB, Cooper B, Heng HG, Ostrander EA, Parker HG, Hahn NM, Adams LG, Fulkerson CM, Childress MO, Bonney P, Royce C, Fourez LM, Enstrom AW, Ambrosius LA, Knapp DW. Identification of a naturally-occurring canine model for early detection and intervention research in high grade urothelial carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1011969. [PMID: 36439482 PMCID: PMC9692095 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1011969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection and intervention research is expected to improve the outcomes for patients with high grade muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma (InvUC). With limited patients in suitable high-risk study cohorts, relevant animal model research is critical. Experimental animal models often fail to adequately represent human cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the suitability of dogs with high breed-associated risk for naturally-occurring InvUC to serve as relevant models for early detection and intervention research. The feasibility of screening and early intervention, and similarities and differences between canine and human tumors, and early and later canine tumors were determined. METHODS STs (n=120) ≥ 6 years old with no outward evidence of urinary disease were screened at 6-month intervals for 3 years with physical exam, ultrasonography, and urinalysis with sediment exam. Cystoscopic biopsy was performed in dogs with positive screening tests. The pathological, clinical, and molecular characteristics of the "early" cancer detected by screening were determined. Transcriptomic signatures were compared between the early tumors and published findings in human InvUC, and to more advanced "later" canine tumors from STs who had the typical presentation of hematuria and urinary dysfunction. An early intervention trial of an oral cyclooxygenase inhibitor, deracoxib, was conducted in dogs with cancer detected through screening. RESULTS Biopsy-confirmed bladder cancer was detected in 32 (27%) of 120 STs including InvUC (n=29, three starting as dysplasia), grade 1 noninvasive cancer (n=2), and carcinoma in situ (n=1). Transcriptomic signatures including druggable targets such as EGFR and the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway, were very similar between canine and human InvUC, especially within luminal and basal molecular subtypes. Marked transcriptomic differences were noted between early and later canine tumors, particularly within luminal subtype tumors. The deracoxib remission rate (42% CR+PR) compared very favorably to that with single-agent cyclooxygenase inhibitors in more advanced canine InvUC (17-25%), supporting the value of early intervention. CONCLUSIONS The study defined a novel naturally-occurring animal model to complement experimental models for early detection and intervention research in InvUC. Research incorporating the canine model is expected to lead to improved outcomes for humans, as well as pet dogs, facing bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Dhawan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - José A. Ramos-Vara
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Sagar M. Utturkar
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Audrey Ruple
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Department of Public Health, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Sarah A. Tersey
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jennifer B. Nelson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Bruce R. Cooper
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Hock Gan Heng
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Elaine A. Ostrander
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Heidi G. Parker
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Noah M. Hahn
- Department of Oncology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Larry G. Adams
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Christopher M. Fulkerson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Michael O. Childress
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Patty L. Bonney
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Christine Royce
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Lindsey M. Fourez
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Alexander W. Enstrom
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Lisbeth A. Ambrosius
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Deborah W. Knapp
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Aayush A, Darji S, Dhawan D, Enstrom A, Broman MM, Idrees MT, Kaimakliotis H, Ratliff T, Knapp D, Thompson D. Targeted elastin-like polypeptide fusion protein for near-infrared imaging of human and canine urothelial carcinoma. Oncotarget 2022; 13:1004-1016. [PMID: 36082359 PMCID: PMC9447490 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystoscopic visualization of bladder cancer is an essential method for initial bladder cancer detection and diagnosis, transurethral resection, and monitoring for recurrence. We sought to develop a new intravesical imaging agent that is more specific and sensitive using a polypeptide based NIR (near-infrared) probe designed to detect cells bearing epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) that are overexpressed in 80% of urothelial carcinoma (UC) cases. The NIR imaging agent consisted of an elastin like polypeptide (ELP) fused with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and conjugated to Cy5.5 to give Cy5.5-N24-EGF as a NIR contrast agent. In addition to evaluation in human cells and tissues, the agent was tested in canine cell lines and tissue samples with naturally occurring invasive UC. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy were used to test cell-associated fluorescence of the probe in T24 human UC cells, and in K9TCC-SH (high EGFR expression) and K9TCC-Original (low EGF expression) canine cell lines. The probe specifically engages these cells through EGFR within 15 min of incubation and reached saturation within a clinically relevant 1 h timeframe. Furthermore, ex vivo studies with resected canine and human bladder tissues showed minimal signal from normal adjacent tissue and significant NIR fluorescence labeling of tumor tissue, in good agreement with our in vitro findings. Differential expression of EGFR ex vivo was revealed by our probe and confirmed by anti-EGFR immunohistochemical staining. Taken together, our data suggests Cy5.5-ELP-EGF is a NIR probe with improved sensitivity and selectivity towards BC that shows excellent potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayush Aayush
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, Bindley Bioscience Center, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Saloni Darji
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, Bindley Bioscience Center, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Deepika Dhawan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Alexander Enstrom
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Meaghan M. Broman
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Muhammad T. Idrees
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hristos Kaimakliotis
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Timothy Ratliff
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Deborah Knapp
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - David Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, Bindley Bioscience Center, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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8
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Uddin MJ, Lo JHJ, Oltman CG, Crews BC, Huda T, Liu J, Kingsley PJ, Lin S, Milad M, Aleem AM, Asaduzzaman A, McIntyre JO, Duvall CL, Marnett LJ. Discovery of a Redox-Activatable Chemical Probe for Detection of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Cells and Animals. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:1714-1722. [PMID: 35786843 PMCID: PMC10464600 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is up-regulated in inflammatory tissues and many premalignant and malignant tumors. Assessment of COX-2 protein in vivo, therefore, promises to be a powerful strategy to distinguish pathologic cells from normal cells in a complex disease setting. Herein, we report the first redox-activatable COX-2 probe, fluorocoxib Q (FQ), for in vivo molecular imaging of pathogenesis. FQ inhibits COX-2 selectively in purified enzyme and cell-based assays. FQ exhibits extremely low fluorescence and displays time- and concentration-dependent fluorescence enhancement upon exposure to a redox environment. FQ enters the cells freely and binds to the COX-2 enzyme. FQ exhibits high circulation half-life and metabolic stability sufficient for target site accumulation and demonstrates COX-2-targeted uptake and retention in cancer cells and pathologic tissues. Once taken up, it undergoes redox-mediated transformation into a fluorescent compound fluorocoxib Q-H that results in high signal-to-noise contrast and differentiates pathologic tissues from non-pathologic tissues for real-time in vivo imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Jashim Uddin
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232 USA
| | - Justin Han-Je Lo
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232 USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Connor G. Oltman
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232 USA
| | - Brenda C. Crews
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232 USA
| | - Tamanna Huda
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232 USA
| | - Justin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232 USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York City, New York, 10027 USA
| | - Philip J. Kingsley
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232 USA
| | - Shuyang Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232 USA
| | - Mathew Milad
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232 USA
| | - Ansari M. Aleem
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232 USA
| | - Abu Asaduzzaman
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260 USA
| | - J. Oliver McIntyre
- Departments of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232 USA
| | - Craig L. Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232 USA
| | - Lawrence J. Marnett
- Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232 USA
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9
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Nance RL, Sajib AM, Smith BF. Canine models of human cancer: Bridging the gap to improve precision medicine. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 189:67-99. [PMID: 35595353 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dogs are remarkable, adaptable, and dependable creatures that have evolved alongside humans while contributing tremendously to our survival. Our canine companions share many similarities to human disease, particularly cancer. With the advancement of next-generation sequencing technology, we are beginning to unravel the complexity of cancer and the vast intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity that makes treatment difficult. Consequently, precision medicine has emerged as a therapeutic approach to improve patient survival by evaluating and classifying an individual tumor's molecular profile. Many canine and human cancers share striking similarities in terms of genotypic, phenotypic, clinical, and histological presentations. Dogs are superior to rodent models of cancer because they are a naturally heterogeneous population in which tumors occur spontaneously, are exposed to similar environmental conditions, and show more similarities in key modulators of tumorigenesis and clinical response, including the immune system, drug metabolism, and gut microbiome. In this chapter, we will explore various canine models of human cancers and emphasize the dog's critical role in advancing precision medicine and improving the survival of both man and man's best friend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Nance
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, United States; Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Abdul Mohin Sajib
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Bruce F Smith
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, United States; Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, United States.
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10
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Wang H, Shao Z, Xu Z, Ye B, Li M, Zheng Q, Ma X, Shi P. Antiproliferative and apoptotic activity of gemcitabine-lauric acid conjugate on human bladder cancer cells. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:536-542. [PMID: 35656081 PMCID: PMC9150810 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.61118.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Gemcitabine is a first-line drug for the treatment of bladder cancer. One of the most important mechanisms of gemcitabine resistance is the low expression of cellular membrane transporter hENT1. Various derivatives containing fatty acid side chains have been developed in order to facilitate gemcitabine uptake and prolong its retention in cells, such as CP-4126. In this study, the anti-tumor effect and mechanism of a new derivative of gemcitabine named SZY-200 on bladder cancer cells were investigated. SZY-200 was assembled from the gemcitabine-lauric acid conjugate. Materials and Methods Antiproliferative activities of SZY-200 and lauric acid were evaluated using CCK-8 assay and clonogenic survival assay. The hENT1 inhibitor NBMPR was employed to determine the role of hENT1 in the apoptotic activity of GEM, CP-4126, and SZY-200. RT-qPCR, flow cytometry, fluorescence microscope, western blotting, and wound healing assay were used to study the mechanisms of SZY-200. The target genes were predicted using the BATMAN-TCM database. Results Our data showed that SZY-200 could inhibit the proliferation of bladder cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The inhibitory effects were comparable to gemcitabine and CP-4126. SZY-200 does not rely on hENT1 to help it enter bladder cancer cells. Also, we found that lauric acid could inhibit the proliferation of bladder cancer cells. SZY-200 could down-regulate the expressions of PPARG and PTGS2 which were related to the occurrence and development of bladder cancer. Conclusion SZY-200 has the same or more advantages as CP-4126 and could be an ideal candidate drug for further in vivo investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhiyu Shao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Binghao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xingyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China,Corresponding author: Ping Shi. State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China. Tel: +86-2164251655; Fax: +86-264252920;
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11
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Tsamouri MM, Steele TM, Mudryj M, Kent MS, Ghosh PM. Comparative Cancer Cell Signaling in Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder in Dogs and Humans. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1472. [PMID: 34680588 PMCID: PMC8533305 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (MIUC) is the most common type of bladder malignancy in humans, but also in dogs that represent a naturally occurring model for this disease. Dogs are immunocompetent animals that share risk factors, pathophysiological features, clinical signs and response to chemotherapeutics with human cancer patients. This review summarizes the fundamental pathways for canine MIUC initiation, progression, and metastasis, emerging therapeutic targets and mechanisms of drug resistance, and proposes new opportunities for potential prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutics. Identifying similarities and differences between cancer signaling in dogs and humans is of utmost importance for the efficient translation of in vitro research to successful clinical trials for both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Malvina Tsamouri
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health System, Mather, CA 95655, USA; (T.M.S.); (M.M.)
- Department of Urologic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95718, USA
- Graduate Group in Integrative Pathobiology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Thomas M. Steele
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health System, Mather, CA 95655, USA; (T.M.S.); (M.M.)
- Department of Urologic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95718, USA
| | - Maria Mudryj
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health System, Mather, CA 95655, USA; (T.M.S.); (M.M.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michael S. Kent
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Paramita M. Ghosh
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health System, Mather, CA 95655, USA; (T.M.S.); (M.M.)
- Department of Urologic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95718, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95718, USA
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12
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Almeida J, Zhang G, Wang M, Queirós C, Cerqueira AFR, Tomé AC, Barone G, Vicente MGH, Hey-Hawkins E, Silva AMG, Rangel M. Synthesis, characterization, and cellular investigations of porphyrin- and chlorin-indomethacin conjugates for photodynamic therapy of cancer. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6501-6512. [PMID: 34254099 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01015h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Indomethacin is a potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with a strong selective inhibitor activity towards cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an enzyme that is highly overexpressed in various tumour cells, being involved in tumourigenesis. Concomitantly, porphyrins have gained much attention as promising photosensitizers (PSs) for the non-invasive photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. Herein, we report the design, and determine the singlet oxygen generation capacity and in vitro cellular toxicity of porphyrin- and chlorin-indomethacin conjugates (P2-Ind and C2-Ind). Both the conjugates were obtained in high yields and were characterized by 1H, 19F and 13C NMR as well as by high resolution mass spectrometry. The singlet oxygen generation properties were assessed by the 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran singlet oxygen trap method, which showed that C2 and C2-Ind are the best singlet oxygen photosensitizers. In addition, it was found that the presence of indomethacin did not influence the singlet oxygen generation of porphyrin or chlorin. Cytotoxicity studies of the conjugate in human HEp2 cells revealed that the porphyrin- and chlorin-indomethacin conjugates have similar dark cytotoxicities, while chlorin C2 was shown to be the most phototoxic. Despite having lower cellular uptake than C2-Ind after 24 hours, chlorin C2 had a broad localization in HEp2 cells while the chlorin-indomethacin conjugate C2-Ind could be detected in the form of small aggregates. DFT calculations were performed to shed light on the reaction energy involved in the formation of the indomethacin conjugates and to compare the relative stability of selected isomers in solution. Moreover, the calculated energy of their first excited triplet state structures confirmed their use as suitable photosensitizers to generate singlet oxygen for PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Almeida
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Guanyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Maodie Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Carla Queirós
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana F R Cerqueira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Augusto C Tomé
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Giampaolo Barone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - M Graça H Vicente
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ana M G Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria Rangel
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal
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13
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Maeda S, Yoshitake R, Chambers JK, Uchida K, Eto S, Ikeda N, Nakagawa T, Nishimura R, Goto-Koshino Y, Yonezawa T, Momoi Y. BRAF V595E Mutation Associates CCL17 Expression and Regulatory T Cell Recruitment in Urothelial Carcinoma of Dogs. Vet Pathol 2020; 58:971-980. [PMID: 33205710 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820967449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells may serve as targets in cancer immunotherapy. A previous study showed that the chemokine CCL17 and the receptor CCR4 play roles in regulatory T cell recruitment in canine urothelial carcinoma. In this article, we show that the BRAFV595E mutation is associated with tumor-produced CCL17 and regulatory T cell infiltration in dogs with urothelial carcinoma. In comparison with healthy dogs, dogs with urothelial carcinoma showed increased CCL17 mRNA expression in the bladder and elevated CCL17 protein concentration in urine. Immunohistochemistry showed increased levels of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the tumor tissues of urothelial carcinoma. The density of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells was positively correlated with CCL17 concentration in urine, indicating that CCL17 is involved in regulatory T cell recruitment. Moreover, tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells and urine CCL17 concentration were associated with poor prognosis in dogs with urothelial carcinoma. The number of tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells, CCL17 mRNA expression, and urine CCL17 concentration in cases with BRAFV595E mutation were higher than those in cases with wild-type BRAF. In vitro, high CCL17 production was detected in a canine urothelial carcinoma cell line with BRAFV595E mutation but not in an urothelial carcinoma cell line with wild-type BRAF. Dabrafenib, a BRAF inhibitor, decreased CCL17 production in the cell line with BRAFV595E mutation. These results suggest that BRAFV595E mutation induced CCL17 production and contributed to regulatory T cell recruitment in canine urothelial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, 13143The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryohei Yoshitake
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, 13143The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - James K Chambers
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, 13143The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, 13143The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shotaro Eto
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, 13143The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Namiko Ikeda
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, 13143The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, 13143The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nishimura
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, 13143The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Goto-Koshino
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Veterinary Medical Center, 13143The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yonezawa
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, 13143The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Momoi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, 13143The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Uddin MJ, Vemulapalli A, Niitsu H, Crews BC, Oltman CG, Kingsley PJ, Kavanaugh TE, Bedingfield SK, Mcintyre JO, Milad M, Aleem AM, Coffey RJ, Duvall CL, Marnett LJ. Molecular Imaging of Inflammation in Osteoarthritis Using a Water-Soluble Fluorocoxib. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1875-1880. [PMID: 33062167 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical imaging approaches to detect inflammatory biomarkers, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), may facilitate the diagnosis and therapy of inflammatory diseases. To this end, we report the discovery of N-[(rhodamin-X-yl)but-4-yl]-2-[1-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl]acetamide chloride salt (fluorocoxib D), a hydrophilic analog of fluorocoxib A. Fluorocoxib D inhibits COX-2 selectively in purified enzyme preparations and cells. It exhibits adequate photophysical properties to enable detection of COX-2 in intact cells, in a mouse model of carrageenan-induced acute footpad inflammation and inflammation in a mouse model of osteoarthritis. COX-2-selectivity was verified either by blocking the enzyme's active site with celecoxib or by molecular imaging with nontargeted 5-carboxy-X-rhodamine dye. These data indicate that fluorocoxib D is an ideal candidate for early detection of inflammatory or neoplastic lesions expressing elevated levels of COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Jashim Uddin
- A. B. Hancock, Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Anoop Vemulapalli
- A. B. Hancock, Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Hiroaki Niitsu
- Department of Medicine, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Brenda C. Crews
- A. B. Hancock, Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Connor G. Oltman
- A. B. Hancock, Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Philip J. Kingsley
- A. B. Hancock, Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Taylor E. Kavanaugh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Sean K. Bedingfield
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - J. Oliver Mcintyre
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Matthew Milad
- A. B. Hancock, Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Ansari M. Aleem
- A. B. Hancock, Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Robert J. Coffey
- Department of Medicine, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Craig L. Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Lawrence J. Marnett
- A. B. Hancock, Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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15
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Cekanova M, Pandey S, Olin S, Ryan P, Stokes JE, Hecht S, Martin-Jimenez T, Uddin MJ, Marnett LJ. Pharmacokinetic characterization of fluorocoxib D, a cyclooxygenase-2-targeted optical imaging agent for detection of cancer. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:JBO-200044R. [PMID: 32860356 PMCID: PMC7456637 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.8.086005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Fluorocoxib D, N-[(rhodamin-X-yl)but-4-yl]-2-[1-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl]acetamide, is a water-soluble optical imaging agent to detect cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-expressing cancer cells. AIM We evaluated the pharmacokinetic and safety properties of fluorocoxib D and its ability to detect cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. APPROACH Pharmacokinetic parameters of fluorocoxib D were assessed from plasma collected at designated time points after intravenous administration of 1 mg / kg fluorocoxib D in six research dogs using a high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Safety of fluorocoxib D was assessed for 3 days after its administration using physical assessment, complete blood count, serum chemistry profile, and complete urinalysis in six research dogs. The ability of fluorocoxib D to detect COX-2-expressing cancer cells was performed using human 5637 cells in vitro and during rhinoscopy evaluation of specific fluorocoxib D uptake by canine cancer cells in vivo. RESULTS No evidence of toxicity and no clinically relevant adverse events were noted in dogs. Peak concentration of fluorocoxib D (114.8 ± 50.5 ng / ml) was detected in plasma collected at 0.5 h after its administration. Pretreatment of celecoxib blocked specific uptake of fluorocoxib D in COX-2-expressing human 5637 cancer cells. Fluorocoxib D uptake was detected in histology-confirmed COX-2-expressing head and neck cancer during rhinoscopy in a client-owned dog in vivo. Specific tumor-to-normal tissue ratio of detected fluorocoxib D signal was in an average of 3.7 ± 0.9 using Image J analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that fluorocoxib D is a safe optical imaging agent used for detection of COX-2-expressing cancers and their margins during image-guided minimally invasive biopsy and surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cekanova
- The University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
- The University of Tennessee, UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome, Science and Technology, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Sony Pandey
- The University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Shelly Olin
- The University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Phillip Ryan
- The University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jennifer E. Stokes
- The University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Silke Hecht
- The University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Tomas Martin-Jimenez
- The University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Md. Jashim Uddin
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, A. B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacology, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Lawrence J. Marnett
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, A. B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacology, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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16
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Knapp DW, Dhawan D, Ramos-Vara JA, Ratliff TL, Cresswell GM, Utturkar S, Sommer BC, Fulkerson CM, Hahn NM. Naturally-Occurring Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma in Dogs, a Unique Model to Drive Advances in Managing Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer in Humans. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1493. [PMID: 32039002 PMCID: PMC6985458 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a great need to improve the outlook for people facing urinary bladder cancer, especially for patients with invasive urothelial carcinoma (InvUC) which is lethal in 50% of cases. Improved outcomes for patients with InvUC could come from advances on several fronts including emerging immunotherapies, targeted therapies, and new drug combinations; selection of patients most likely to respond to a given treatment based on molecular subtypes, immune signatures, and other characteristics; and prevention, early detection, and early intervention. Progress on all of these fronts will require clinically relevant animal models for translational research. The animal model(s) should possess key features that drive success or failure of cancer drugs in humans including tumor heterogeneity, genetic-epigenetic crosstalk, immune cell responsiveness, invasive and metastatic behavior, and molecular subtypes (e.g., luminal, basal). Experimental animal models, while essential in bladder cancer research, do not possess these collective features to accurately predict outcomes in humans. These key features, however, are present in naturally-occurring InvUC in pet dogs. Canine InvUC closely mimics muscle-invasive bladder cancer in humans in cellular and molecular features, molecular subtypes, immune response patterns, biological behavior (sites and frequency of metastasis), and response to therapy. Thus, dogs can offer a highly relevant animal model to complement other models in research for new therapies for bladder cancer. Clinical treatment trials in pet dogs with InvUC are considered a win-win-win scenario; the individual dog benefits from effective treatment, the results are expected to help other dogs, and the findings are expected to translate to better treatment outcomes in humans. In addition, the high breed-associated risk for InvUC in dogs (e.g., 20-fold increased risk in Scottish Terriers) offers an unparalleled opportunity to test new strategies in primary prevention, early detection, and early intervention. This review will provide an overview of canine InvUC, summarize the similarities (and differences) between canine and human InvUC, and provide evidence for the expanding value of this canine model in bladder cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah W Knapp
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Deepika Dhawan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - José A Ramos-Vara
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Timothy L Ratliff
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Gregory M Cresswell
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Sagar Utturkar
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Breann C Sommer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Christopher M Fulkerson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Noah M Hahn
- Department of Oncology and Urology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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17
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Woolbright BL, Pilbeam CC, Taylor JA. Prostaglandin E2 as a therapeutic target in bladder cancer: From basic science to clinical trials. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 148:106409. [PMID: 31931078 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) is a common solid tumor marked by high rates of recurrence, especially in non-muscle invasive disease. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a ubiquitously present lipid mediator responsible for numerous physiological actions. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes by the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) class of drugs results in reduced PGE2 levels. NSAID usage has been associated with reductions in cancers such as BCa. Clinical trials using NSAIDs to prevent recurrence have had mixed results, but largely converge on issues with cardiotoxicity. The purpose of this review is to understand the basic science behind how and why inhibitors of PGE2 may be effective against BCa, and to explore alternate therapeutic modalities for addressing the role of PGE2 without the associated cardiotoxicity. We will address the role of PGE2 in a diverse array of cancer-related functions including stemness, immunosuppression, proliferation, cellular signaling and more.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carol C Pilbeam
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - John A Taylor
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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18
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Bourn J, Rathore K, Donnell R, White W, Uddin MJ, Marnett L, Cekanova M. Detection of carcinogen-induced bladder cancer by fluorocoxib A. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1152. [PMID: 31775672 PMCID: PMC6882158 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6366-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional cystoscopy can detect advanced stages of bladder cancer; however, it has limitations to detect bladder cancer at the early stages. Fluorocoxib A, a rhodamine-conjugated analog of indomethacin, is a novel fluorescent imaging agent that selectively targets cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-expressing cancers. METHODS In this study, we have used a carcinogen N-butyl-N-4-hydroxybutyl nitrosamine (BBN)-induced bladder cancer immunocompetent mouse B6D2F1 model that resembles human high-grade invasive urothelial carcinoma. We evaluated the ability of fluorocoxib A to detect the progression of carcinogen-induced bladder cancer in mice. Fluorocoxib A uptake by bladder tumors was detected ex vivo using IVIS optical imaging system and Cox-2 expression was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and western blotting analysis. After ex vivo imaging, the progression of bladder carcinogenesis from normal urothelium to hyperplasia, carcinoma-in-situ and carcinoma with increased Ki67 and decreased uroplakin-1A expression was confirmed by histology and immunohistochemistry analysis. RESULTS The specific uptake of fluorocoxib A correlated with increased Cox-2 expression in progressing bladder cancer. In conclusion, fluorocoxib A detected the progression of bladder carcinogenesis in a mouse model with selective uptake in Cox-2-expressing bladder hyperplasia, CIS and carcinoma by 4- and 8-fold, respectively, as compared to normal bladder urothelium, where no fluorocoxib A was detected. CONCLUSIONS Fluorocoxib A is a targeted optical imaging agent that could be applied for the detection of Cox-2 expressing human bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bourn
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.,UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.,Present address: Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Kusum Rathore
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.,Present address: The University of Tennessee Research Foundation, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Robert Donnell
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Wesley White
- Department of Urology, The University of Tennessee, Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, 37920, USA
| | - Md Jashim Uddin
- A. B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Lawrence Marnett
- A. B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Maria Cekanova
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA. .,UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
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19
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Bourn J, Pandey S, Uddin J, Marnett L, Cekanova M. Detection of tyrosine kinase inhibitors-induced COX-2 expression in bladder cancer by fluorocoxib A. Oncotarget 2019; 10:5168-5180. [PMID: 31497247 PMCID: PMC6718263 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Among challenges of targeted therapies is the activation of alternative pro-survival signaling pathways in cancer cells, resulting in an acquired drug resistance. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is overexpressed in bladder cancer cells, making it an attractive molecular target for the detection and treatment of cancer. Fluorocoxib A is an optical imaging agent that selectively targets COX-2. In this study, we evaluated the ability of fluorocoxib A to monitor the responses of bladder cancer to targeted therapies in vivo. The effects of several tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs: axitinib, AB1010, toceranib, imatinib, erlotinib, gefitinib, imatinib, sorafenib, vandetanib, SP600125, UO126, and AZD 5438) on COX-2 expression were validated in ten human and canine bladder cancer cell lines (J82, RT4, T24, UM-UC-3, 5637, SW780, TCCSUP, K9TCC#1Lillie, K9TCC#2Dakota, K9TCC#5Lilly) in vitro. The effects of TKIs on bladder cancer in vivo were evaluated using the COX-2-expressing K9TCC#5Lilly xenograft mouse model and detected by fluorocoxib A. The increased COX-2 expression was detected by all tested TKIs in at least one of the tested COX-2-expressing bladder cancer cell lines (5637, SW780, TCCSUP, K9TCC#1Lillie, K9TCC#2Dakota, and K9TCC#5Lilly) in vitro. In addition, fluorocoxib A uptake correlated with the AB1010- and imatinib-induced COX-2 expression in the K9TCC#5Lilly xenografts in vivo. In conclusion, these results indicate that fluorocoxib A could be used for the monitoring the early responses to targeted therapies in COX-2-expressing bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bourn
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.,University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.,Current address: Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Sony Pandey
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Jashim Uddin
- A. B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Lawrence Marnett
- A. B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Maria Cekanova
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.,University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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20
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Xu S, Uddin MJ, Banerjee S, Duggan K, Musee J, Kiefer JR, Ghebreselasie K, Rouzer CA, Marnett LJ. Fluorescent indomethacin-dansyl conjugates utilize the membrane-binding domain of cyclooxygenase-2 to block the opening to the active site. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:8690-8698. [PMID: 31000626 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Many indomethacin amides and esters are cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-selective inhibitors, providing a framework for the design of COX-2-targeted imaging and cancer chemotherapeutic agents. Although previous studies have suggested that the amide or ester moiety of these inhibitors binds in the lobby region, a spacious alcove within the enzyme's membrane-binding domain, structural details have been lacking. Here, we present observations on the crystal complexes of COX-2 with two indomethacin-dansyl conjugates (compounds 1 and 2) at 2.22-Å resolution. Both compounds are COX-2-selective inhibitors with IC50 values of 0.76 and 0.17 μm, respectively. Our results confirmed that the dansyl moiety is localized in and establishes hydrophobic interactions and several hydrogen bonds with the lobby of the membrane-binding domain. We noted that in both crystal structures, the linker tethering indomethacin to the dansyl moiety passes through the constriction at the mouth of the COX-2 active site, resulting in displacement and disorder of Arg-120, located at the opening to the active site. Both compounds exhibited higher inhibitory potency against a COX-2 R120A variant than against the WT enzyme. Inhibition kinetics of compound 2 were similar to those of the indomethacin parent compound against WT COX-2, and the R120A substitution reduced the time dependence of COX inhibition. These results provide a structural basis for the further design and optimization of conjugated COX reagents for imaging of malignant or inflammatory tissues containing high COX-2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Xu
- From the A. B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Md Jashim Uddin
- From the A. B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Surajit Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853.,Northeastern Collaborative Access Team, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, and
| | - Kelsey Duggan
- From the A. B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Joel Musee
- From the A. B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | | | - Kebreab Ghebreselasie
- From the A. B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Carol A Rouzer
- From the A. B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Lawrence J Marnett
- From the A. B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232,
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21
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Hurst EA, Pang LY, Argyle DJ. The selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor mavacoxib (Trocoxil) exerts anti-tumour effects in vitro independent of cyclooxygenase-2 expression levels. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 17:194-207. [PMID: 30767381 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The inducible inflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and its product prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) are prominent tumour promoters, and expression of COX-2 is elevated in a number of tumours of both humans and canines. Targeting COX-2 in cancer is an attractive option because of readily available non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and there is a clear epidemiological link between NSAID use and cancer risk. In this study, we aim to establish the anti-tumourigenic effects of the selective, long-acting COX-2 inhibitor mavacoxib. We show here that mavacoxib is cytotoxic to a panel of human and canine osteosarcoma, mammary and bladder carcinoma cancer cell lines; that it can induce apoptosis and inhibit the migration of these cells. Interestingly, we establish that mavacoxib can exert these effects independently of elevated COX-2 expression. This study highlights the potential novel use of mavacoxib as a cancer therapeutic, suggesting that mavacoxib may be an effective anti-cancer agent independent of tumour COX-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma A Hurst
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lisa Y Pang
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David J Argyle
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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22
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Bourn J, Cekanova M. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors potentiate receptor tyrosine kinase therapies in bladder cancer cells in vitro. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:1727-1742. [PMID: 29942116 PMCID: PMC6005335 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s158518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKIs) are used as targeted therapies for patients diagnosed with cancer with highly expressed receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), including the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and c-Kit receptor. Resistance to targeted therapies is partially due to the activation of alternative pro-survival signaling pathways, including cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. In this study, we validated the effects of two RTKIs, axitinib and AB1010, in combination with COX inhibitors on the V-akt murine thymoma oncogene homolog 1 (Akt) and COX-2 signaling pathways in bladder cancer cells. Methods The expression of several RTKs and their downstream signaling targets was analyzed by Western blot (WB) analysis in human and canine bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) cell lines. The effects of RTKIs and COX inhibitors in bladder TCC cells were assessed by MTS for cell viability, by Caspase-3/7 and Annexin V assay for apoptosis, by WB analysis for detection of COX-2 and Akt signaling pathways, and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels. Results All tested TCC cells expressed the c-Kit and PDGFRα receptors, except human 5637 cells that had low RTKs expression. In addition, all tested cells expressed COX-1, COX-2, Akt, extracellular signal regulated kinases 1/2, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhance of activated B cells proteins, except human UM-UC-3 cells, where no COX-2 expression was detected by WB analysis. Both RTKIs inhibited cell viability and increased apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in tested bladder TCC cells, which positively correlated with their expression levels of the PDGFRα and c-Kit receptors. RTKIs increased the expression of COX-2 in h-5637 and K9TCC#1Lillie cells. Co-treatment of indomethacin inhibited AB1010-induced COX-2 expression leading to an additive effect in inhibition of cell viability and PGE2 production in tested TCC cells. Conclusion Co-treatment of RTKIs with indomethacin inhibited cell viability and AB1010-induced COX-2 expression resulting in decreased PGE2 production in tested TCC cells. Thus, COX inhibition may further potentiate RTKIs therapies in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bourn
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.,UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Maria Cekanova
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.,UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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23
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Maeda S, Tomiyasu H, Tsuboi M, Inoue A, Ishihara G, Uchikai T, Chambers JK, Uchida K, Yonezawa T, Matsuki N. Comprehensive gene expression analysis of canine invasive urothelial bladder carcinoma by RNA-Seq. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:472. [PMID: 29699519 PMCID: PMC5921755 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4409-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive urothelial carcinoma (iUC) is a major cause of death in humans, and approximately 165,000 individuals succumb to this cancer annually worldwide. Comparative oncology using relevant animal models is necessary to improve our understanding of progression, diagnosis, and treatment of iUC. Companion canines are a preferred animal model of iUC due to spontaneous tumor development and similarity to human disease in terms of histopathology, metastatic behavior, and treatment response. However, the comprehensive molecular characterization of canine iUC is not well documented. In this study, we performed transcriptome analysis of tissue samples from canine iUC and normal bladders using an RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) approach to identify key molecular pathways in canine iUC. METHODS Total RNA was extracted from bladder tissues of 11 dogs with iUC and five healthy dogs, and RNA-Seq was conducted. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was used to assign differentially expressed genes to known upstream regulators and functional networks. RESULTS Differential gene expression analysis of the RNA-Seq data revealed 2531 differentially expressed genes, comprising 1007 upregulated and 1524 downregulated genes, in canine iUC. IPA revealed that the most activated upstream regulator was PTGER2 (encoding the prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2), which is consistent with the therapeutic efficiency of cyclooxygenase inhibitors in canine iUC. Similar to human iUC, canine iUC exhibited upregulated ERBB2 and downregulated TP53 pathways. Biological functions associated with cancer, cell proliferation, and leukocyte migration were predicted to be activated, while muscle functions were predicted to be inhibited, indicating muscle-invasive tumor property. CONCLUSIONS Our data confirmed similarities in gene expression patterns between canine and human iUC and identified potential therapeutic targets (PTGER2, ERBB2, CCND1, Vegf, and EGFR), suggesting the value of naturally occurring canine iUC as a relevant animal model for human iUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hirotaka Tomiyasu
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Tsuboi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Inoue
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Takao Uchikai
- Anicom Specialty Medical Institute Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - James K Chambers
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yonezawa
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoaki Matsuki
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Sultan F, Ganaie BA. Comparative oncology: Integrating human and veterinary medicine. Open Vet J 2018; 8:25-34. [PMID: 29445618 PMCID: PMC5806664 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v8i1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer constitutes the major health problem both in human and veterinary medicine. Comparative oncology as an integrative approach offers to learn more about naturally occurring cancers across different species. Canine models have many advantages as they experience spontaneous disease, have many genes similar to human genes, five to seven-fold accelerated ageing compared to humans, respond to treatments similarly as humans do and health care levels second only to humans. Also, the clinical trials in canines could generate more robust data, as their spontaneous nature mimics real-life situations and could be translated to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Sultan
- Indian Council of Medical Research, GADVASU-Ludhiana Punjab-141004, India
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25
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Liu N, Niu S, Cao XR, Cheng JQ, Gao SY, Yu XJ, Wang HD, Dong CS, He XY. Let-7b regulates alpaca hair growth by downregulating ectodysplasin A. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:4688-4694. [PMID: 29344666 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED), also known as anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, is characterized by the clinical manifestations of less sweat or no sweat, sparse or no hair, tooth agenesis and/or abnormal tooth morphology. The characteristics of alpaca ear hair differ from the back hair. The ectodysplasin A (EDA) signaling pathway has a regulatory effect on skin development and hair growth. The aim of the present study was to study the effects of EDA on alpaca hair growth by examining the mRNA and protein expression levels of EDA in alpaca ear and back skin by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. Results indicated that EDA expression was higher in the ear skin compared with the back skin. The expression levels of let‑7b in the skin of healthy alpacas varies; the difference between let‑7b expression levels of the ear and back have been reported to be >2‑fold, suggesting a role for let‑7b in the development of adult alpaca skin and hair follicles. A dual‑luciferase reporter vector was constructed to verify the targeting relationship between microRNA let‑7b and EDA, and the results revealed that EDA was a target gene of let‑7b. Alpaca skin fibroblasts were transfected with a let‑7b eukaryotic expression vector to investigate the regulatory relationship between let‑7b and EDA. The expression of EDA was decreased in the transfected group; immunocytochemical results demonstrated that the EDA protein was abundantly expressed in the fibroblast cytoplasm. EDA protein expression was weaker in the transfected cells than in the untransfected cells. These results suggested that EDA may serve a role in alpaca hair growth and is probably a target gene of let‑7b; let‑7b downregulated EDA mRNA and protein expressions, which suggested that let‑7b may regulate alpaca hair growth. These conclusions suggested that let‑7b may be associated with HED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Alpaca Bioengineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, P.R. China
| | - Shu Niu
- Alpaca Bioengineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Rui Cao
- Alpaca Bioengineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Qi Cheng
- Alpaca Bioengineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Yuan Gao
- Alpaca Bioengineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Ju Yu
- Alpaca Bioengineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Dong Wang
- Alpaca Bioengineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Sheng Dong
- Alpaca Bioengineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan He
- Alpaca Bioengineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, P.R. China
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26
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Naturally Occurring Canine Invasive Urinary Bladder Cancer: A Complementary Animal Model to Improve the Success Rate in Human Clinical Trials of New Cancer Drugs. Int J Genomics 2017; 2017:6589529. [PMID: 28487862 PMCID: PMC5401760 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6589529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic analyses are defining numerous new targets for cancer therapy. Therapies aimed at specific genetic and epigenetic targets in cancer cells as well as expanded development of immunotherapies are placing increased demands on animal models. Traditional experimental models do not possess the collective features (cancer heterogeneity, molecular complexity, invasion, metastasis, and immune cell response) critical to predict success or failure of emerging therapies in humans. There is growing evidence, however, that dogs with specific forms of naturally occurring cancer can serve as highly relevant animal models to complement traditional models. Invasive urinary bladder cancer (invasive urothelial carcinoma (InvUC)) in dogs, for example, closely mimics the cancer in humans in pathology, molecular features, biological behavior including sites and frequency of distant metastasis, and response to chemotherapy. Genomic analyses are defining further intriguing similarities between InvUC in dogs and that in humans. Multiple canine clinical trials have been completed, and others are in progress with the aim of translating important findings into humans to increase the success rate of human trials, as well as helping pet dogs. Examples of successful targeted therapy studies and the challenges to be met to fully utilize naturally occurring dog models of cancer will be reviewed.
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Uddin MJ, Crews BC, Xu S, Ghebreselasie K, Daniel CK, Kingsley PJ, Banerjee S, Marnett LJ. Antitumor Activity of Cytotoxic Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:3052-3060. [PMID: 27588346 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to tumors has been explored as a means to increase the selectivity and potency of cytotoxicity. Most efforts in this area have exploited the molecular recognition of proteins highly expressed on the surface of cancer cells followed by internalization. A related approach that has received less attention is the targeting of intracellular proteins by ligands conjugated to anticancer drugs. An attractive target for this approach is the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which is highly expressed in a range of malignant tumors. Herein, we describe the synthesis and evaluation of a series of chemotherapeutic agents targeted to COX-2 by conjugation to indomethacin. Detailed characterization of compound 12, a conjugate of indomethacin with podophyllotoxin, revealed highly potent and selective COX-2 inhibition in vitro and in intact cells. Kinetics and X-ray crystallographic studies demonstrated that compound 12 is a slow, tight-binding inhibitor that likely binds to COX-2's allosteric site with its indomethacin moiety in a conformation similar to that of indomethacin. Compound 12 exhibited cytotoxicity in cell culture similar to that of podophyllotoxin with no evidence of COX-2-dependent selectivity. However, in vivo, compound 12 accumulated selectively in and more effectively inhibited the growth of a COX-2-expressing xenograft compared to a xenograft that did not express COX-2. Compound 12, which we have named chemocoxib A, provides proof-of-concept for the in vivo targeting of chemotherapeutic agents to COX-2 but suggests that COX-2-dependent selectivity may not be evident in cell culture-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Jashim Uddin
- Departments
of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, A.B. Hancock Memorial
Laboratory for Cancer Research, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 850 RRB, 2220 Pierce Ave., Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Brenda C. Crews
- Departments
of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, A.B. Hancock Memorial
Laboratory for Cancer Research, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 850 RRB, 2220 Pierce Ave., Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Shu Xu
- Departments
of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, A.B. Hancock Memorial
Laboratory for Cancer Research, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 850 RRB, 2220 Pierce Ave., Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Kebreab Ghebreselasie
- Departments
of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, A.B. Hancock Memorial
Laboratory for Cancer Research, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 850 RRB, 2220 Pierce Ave., Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Cristina K. Daniel
- Departments
of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, A.B. Hancock Memorial
Laboratory for Cancer Research, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 850 RRB, 2220 Pierce Ave., Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Philip J. Kingsley
- Departments
of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, A.B. Hancock Memorial
Laboratory for Cancer Research, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 850 RRB, 2220 Pierce Ave., Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Surajit Banerjee
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Northeastern
Collaborative Access Team, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Lawrence J. Marnett
- Departments
of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, A.B. Hancock Memorial
Laboratory for Cancer Research, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 850 RRB, 2220 Pierce Ave., Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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Smolensky D, Rathore K, Cekanova M. Molecular targets in urothelial cancer: detection, treatment, and animal models of bladder cancer. Drug Des Devel Ther 2016; 10:3305-3322. [PMID: 27784990 PMCID: PMC5063594 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s112113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer remains one of the most expensive cancers to treat in the United States due to the length of required treatment and degree of recurrence. In order to treat bladder cancer more effectively, targeted therapies are being investigated. In order to use targeted therapy in a patient, it is important to provide a genetic background of the patient. Recent advances in genome sequencing, as well as transcriptome analysis, have identified major pathway components altered in bladder cancer. The purpose of this review is to provide a broad background on bladder cancer, including its causes, diagnosis, stages, treatments, animal models, as well as signaling pathways in bladder cancer. The major focus is given to the PI3K/AKT pathway, p53/pRb signaling pathways, and the histone modification machinery. Because several promising immunological therapies are also emerging in the treatment of bladder cancer, focus is also given on general activation of the immune system for the treatment of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Smolensky
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine
- UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Kusum Rathore
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Maria Cekanova
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine
- UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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Sadler RA, Schumacher JP, Rathore K, Newkirk KM, Cole G, Seibert R, Cekanova M. Evaluation of the role of the cyclooxygenase signaling pathway during inflammation in skin and muscle tissues of ball pythons (Python regius). Am J Vet Res 2016; 77:487-94. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.77.5.487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Uddin MJ, Werfel TA, Crews BC, Gupta MK, Kavanaugh TE, Kingsley PJ, Boyd K, Marnett LJ, Duvall CL. Fluorocoxib A loaded nanoparticles enable targeted visualization of cyclooxygenase-2 in inflammation and cancer. Biomaterials 2016; 92:71-80. [PMID: 27043768 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is expressed in virtually all solid tumors and its overexpression is a hallmark of inflammation. Thus, it is a potentially powerful biomarker for the early clinical detection of inflammatory disease and human cancers. We report a reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsive micellar nanoparticle, PPS-b-POEGA, that solubilizes the first fluorescent COX-2-selective inhibitor fluorocoxib A (FA) for COX-2 visualization in vivo. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of FA-PPS-b-POEGA nanoparticles (FA-NPs) were assessed after a fully-aqueous intravenous (i.v.) administration in wild-type mice and revealed 4-8 h post-injection as an optimal fluorescent imaging window. Carrageenan-induced inflammation in the rat and mouse footpads and 1483 HNSCC tumor xenografts were successfully visualized by FA-NPs with fluorescence up to 10-fold higher than that of normal tissues. The targeted binding of the FA cargo was blocked by pretreatment with the COX-2 inhibitor indomethacin, confirming COX-2-specific binding and local retention of FA at pathological sites. Our collective data indicate that FA-NPs are the first i.v.-ready FA formulation, provide high signal-to-noise in inflamed, premalignant, and malignant tissues, and will uniquely enable clinical translation of the poorly water-soluble FA compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jashim Uddin
- A. B. Hancock, Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Thomas A Werfel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Brenda C Crews
- A. B. Hancock, Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mukesh K Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Taylor E Kavanaugh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Philip J Kingsley
- A. B. Hancock, Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kelli Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Lawrence J Marnett
- A. B. Hancock, Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Craig L Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Rathore K, Cekanova M. Effects of environmental carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene on canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Res Vet Sci 2015; 103:34-43. [PMID: 26679793 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dogs and their owners share the same environment and are subjected to similar environmental risk factors for developing breast cancer. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) may affect development and progression of breast cancer. In this study, we evaluated the effects of environmental carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) on proliferation and differentiation of ADMSCs isolated from dogs. We characterized eight canine ADMSC lines and studied the effects of BaP on cell proliferation and differentiation. BaP did not inhibit cell proliferation of ADMSCs; however, BaP significantly inhibited differentiation potential of ADMSCs into adipocytes. BaP down-regulated AhR protein levels; however, increased its translocation from the cytoplasm to nucleus and suppressed PPARγ expression during adipogenesis. BaP increased the expression of AhR signaling pathway protein, cytochrome P450 (CYP1A1) in ADMSCs. Our data suggest that canine ADMSCs are susceptible to the environmental carcinogen BaP through AhR and PPARγ signaling pathways and may contribute to canine mammary carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusum Rathore
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Maria Cekanova
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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Rathore K, Cekanova M. A novel derivative of doxorubicin, AD198, inhibits canine transitional cell carcinoma and osteosarcoma cells in vitro. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:5323-35. [PMID: 26451087 PMCID: PMC4590339 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s90859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most commonly used chemotherapeutic treatments for a wide range of cancers. N-benzyladriamycin-14-valerate (AD198) is a lipophilic anthracycline that has been shown to target conventional and novel isoforms of protein kinase C (PKC) in cytoplasm of cells. Because of the adverse effects of DOX, including hair loss, nausea, vomiting, liver dysfunction, and cardiotoxicity, novel derivatives of DOX have been synthesized and validated. In this study, we evaluated the effects of DOX and its derivative, AD198, on cell viability of three canine transitional cell carcinoma (K9TCC) (K9TCC#1-Lillie, K9TCC#2-Dakota, K9TCC#4-Molly) and three canine osteosarcoma (K9OSA) (K9OSA#1-Zoe, K9OSA#2-Nashville, K9OSA#3-JJ) primary cancer cell lines. DOX and AD198 significantly inhibited cell proliferation in all tested K9TCC and K9OSA cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. AD198 inhibited cell viability of tested K9TCC and K9OSA cell lines more efficiently as compared to DOX at the same concentration using MTS (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2h-tetrazolium) assay. AD198 had lower IC50 values as compared to DOX for all tested K9TCC and K9OSA cell lines. In addition, AD198 increased apoptosis in all tested K9TCC and K9OSA cell lines. AD198 increased the caspase activity in tested K9TCC and K9OSA cell lines, which was confirmed by caspase-3/7 assay, and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) was confirmed by Western blotting analysis. In addition, AD198 cleaved PKC-δ, which subsequently activated the p38 signaling pathway, resulting in the apoptosis of tested K9TCC and K9OSA cell lines. Inhibition of the p38 signaling pathway by SB203580 rescued DOX- and AD198-induced apoptosis in tested K9TCC and K9OSA cell lines. Our in vitro results suggest that AD198 might be considered as a new treatment option for K9TCC and K9OSA cell lines cancers in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusum Rathore
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Maria Cekanova
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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Uddin MJ, Elleman AV, Ghebreselasie K, Daniel CK, Crews BC, Nance KD, Huda T, Marnett LJ. Design of Fluorine-Containing 3,4-Diarylfuran-2(5H)-ones as Selective COX-1 Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:1254-8. [PMID: 25408841 DOI: 10.1021/ml500344j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the design and synthesis of fluorine-containing cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1)-selective inhibitors to serve as prototypes for the development of a COX-1-targeted imaging agent. Deletion of the SO2CH3 group of rofecoxib switches the compound from a COX-2- to a COX-1-selective inhibitor, providing a 3,4-diarylfuran-2(5H)-one scaffold for structure-activity relationship studies of COX-1 inhibition. A wide range of fluorine-containing 3,4-diarylfuran-2(5H)-ones were designed, synthesized, and tested for their ability to selectively inhibit COX-1 in purified protein and human cancer cell assays. Compounds containing a fluoro-substituent on the C-3 phenyl ring and a methoxy-substituent on the C-4 phenyl ring of the 3,4-diarylfuran-2(5H)-one scaffold were the best COX-1-selective agents of those evaluated, exhibiting IC50s in the submicromolar range. These compounds provide the foundation for development of an agent to facilitate radiologic imaging of ovarian cancer expressing elevated levels of COX-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Jashim Uddin
- A. B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial
Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry
and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center
for Molecular Toxicology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Anna V. Elleman
- A. B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial
Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry
and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center
for Molecular Toxicology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Kebreab Ghebreselasie
- A. B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial
Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry
and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center
for Molecular Toxicology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Cristina K. Daniel
- A. B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial
Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry
and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center
for Molecular Toxicology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Brenda C. Crews
- A. B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial
Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry
and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center
for Molecular Toxicology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Kellie D. Nance
- A. B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial
Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry
and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center
for Molecular Toxicology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Tamanna Huda
- A. B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial
Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry
and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center
for Molecular Toxicology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Lawrence J. Marnett
- A. B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial
Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry
and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center
for Molecular Toxicology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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Rathore K, Alexander M, Cekanova M. Piroxicam inhibits Masitinib-induced cyclooxygenase 2 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells in vitro. Transl Res 2014; 164:158-68. [PMID: 24631063 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Development and characterization of animal models for human cancers is important for the improvement of diagnosis and therapy. The oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) of domestic animals resembles human OSCC in many aspects; thus, cell lines derived from OSCC of cats and dogs are a valuable model for human OSCC. We characterized 1 feline OSCC (FeOSCC-Sidney) and 1 canine OSCC (K9OSCC-Abby) cell line and compared their characteristics with human OSCC cell line hSCC-25. We calculated the doubling time of the new OSCC cell lines and evaluated the expression profiles of cancer-related markers and cell-cycle proteins such as c-kit, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, cyclooxygenase (COX)-1, COX-2, and p27 by immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis. We evaluated the effects of novel receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (Masitinib, AB1010) and the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug piroxicam on the previously mentioned OSCC cells. Interestingly, AB1010 increased expression levels of COX-2 in all tested OSCCs. Cotreatment of piroxicam with Masitinib significantly inhibited cell proliferation of OSCC as compared to either drug alone through the c-kit and AKT signaling pathways. Piroxicam inhibited Masitinib-induced COX-2 expression in all tested OSCCs. Therefore, targeting these two signaling pathways simultaneously was more efficient for inhibition of OSCCs across these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusum Rathore
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Mary Alexander
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Maria Cekanova
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee.
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Animal model of naturally occurring bladder cancer: characterization of four new canine transitional cell carcinoma cell lines. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:465. [PMID: 24964787 PMCID: PMC4082678 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Development and further characterization of animal models for human cancers is important for the improvement of cancer detection and therapy. Canine bladder cancer closely resembles human bladder cancer in many aspects. In this study, we isolated and characterized four primary transitional cell carcinoma (K9TCC) cell lines to be used for future in vitro validation of novel therapeutic agents for bladder cancer. Methods Four K9TCC cell lines were established from naturally-occurring canine bladder cancers obtained from four dogs. Cell proliferation rates of K9TCC cells in vitro were characterized by doubling time. The expression profile of cell-cycle proteins, cytokeratin, E-cadherin, COX-2, PDGFR, VEGFR, and EGFR were evaluated by immunocytochemistry (ICC) and Western blotting (WB) analysis and compared with established human bladder TCC cell lines, T24 and UMUC-3. All tested K9TCC cell lines were assessed for tumorigenic behavior using athymic mice in vivo. Results Four established K9TCC cell lines: K9TCC#1Lillie, K9TCC#2Dakota, K9TCC#4Molly, and K9TCC#5Lilly were confirmed to have an epithelial-cell origin by morphology analysis, cytokeratin, and E-cadherin expressions. The tested K9TCC cells expressed UPIa (a specific marker of the urothelial cells), COX-2, PDGFR, and EGFR; however they lacked the expression of VEGFR. All tested K9TCC cell lines confirmed a tumorigenic behavior in athymic mice with 100% tumor incidence. Conclusions The established K9TCC cell lines (K9TCC#1Lillie, K9TCC#2Dakota, K9TCC#4Molly, and K9TCC#5Lilly) can be further utilized to assist in development of new target-specific imaging and therapeutic agents for canine and human bladder cancer.
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Knapp DW, Ramos-Vara JA, Moore GE, Dhawan D, Bonney PL, Young KE. Urinary Bladder Cancer in Dogs, a Naturally Occurring Model for Cancer Biology and Drug Development. ILAR J 2014; 55:100-18. [DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilu018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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