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Hammoud B, Nelson JB, May SC, Tersey SA, Mirmira RG. Discordant Effects of Polyamine Depletion by DENSpm and DFMO on β-cell Cytokine Stress and Diabetes Outcomes in Mice. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae001. [PMID: 38195178 PMCID: PMC10808000 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease leading to dysfunction and loss of insulin-secreting β cells. In β cells, polyamines have been implicated in causing cellular stress and dysfunction. An inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis, difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), has been shown to delay T1D in mouse models and preserve β-cell function in humans with recent-onset T1D. Another small molecule, N1,N11-diethylnorspermine (DENSpm), both inhibits polyamine biosynthesis and accelerates polyamine metabolism and is being tested for efficacy in cancer clinical trials. In this study, we show that DENSpm depletes intracellular polyamines as effectively as DFMO in mouse β cells. RNA-sequencing analysis, however, suggests that the cellular responses to DENSpm and DFMO differ, with both showing effects on cellular proliferation but the latter showing additional effects on mRNA translation and protein-folding pathways. In the low-dose streptozotocin-induced mouse model of T1D, DENSpm, unlike DFMO, did not prevent or delay diabetes outcomes but did result in improvements in glucose tolerance and reductions in islet oxidative stress. In nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, short-term DENSpm administration resulted in a slight reduction in insulitis and proinflammatory Th1 cells in the pancreatic lymph nodes. Longer term treatment resulted in a dose-dependent increase in mortality. Notwithstanding the efficacy of both DFMO and DENSpm in reducing potentially toxic polyamine levels in β cells, our results highlight the discordant T1D outcomes that result from differing mechanisms of polyamine depletion and, more importantly, that toxic effects of DENSpm may limit its utility in T1D treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batoul Hammoud
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jennifer B Nelson
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sarah C May
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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2
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Ermis E, Nargis T, Webster K, Tersey SA, Anderson RM, Mirmira RG. Leukotriene B4 receptor 2 governs macrophage migration during tissue inflammation. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105561. [PMID: 38097183 PMCID: PMC10790086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is the underlying cause of many diseases, including type 1 diabetes, obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Macrophages are continuously recruited to tissues during chronic inflammation where they exacerbate or resolve the pro-inflammatory environment. Although leukotriene B4 receptor 2 (BLT2) has been characterized as a low affinity receptor to several key eicosanoids and chemoattractants, its precise roles in the setting of inflammation and macrophage function remain incompletely understood. Here we used zebrafish and mouse models to probe the role of BLT2 in macrophage function during inflammation. We detected BLT2 expression in bone marrow derived and peritoneal macrophages of mouse models. Transcriptomic analysis of Ltb4r2-/- and WT macrophages suggested a role for BLT2 in macrophage migration, and studies in vitro confirmed that whereas BLT2 does not mediate macrophage polarization, it is required for chemotactic function, possibly mediated by downstream genes Ccl5 and Lgals3. Using a zebrafish model of tailfin injury, we demonstrated that antisense morpholino-mediated knockdown of blt2a or chemical inhibition of BLT2 signaling impairs macrophage migration. We further replicated these findings in zebrafish models of islet injury and liver inflammation. Moreover, we established the applicability of our zebrafish findings to mammals by showing that macrophages of Ltb4r2-/- mice have defective migration during lipopolysaccharide stimulation in vivo. Collectively, our results demonstrate that BLT2 mediates macrophage migration during inflammation, which implicates it as a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Ermis
- Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Titli Nargis
- Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kierstin Webster
- Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ryan M Anderson
- Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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3
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Sims EK, Kulkarni A, Hull A, Woerner SE, Cabrera S, Mastrandrea LD, Hammoud B, Sarkar S, Nakayasu ES, Mastracci TL, Perkins SM, Ouyang F, Webb-Robertson BJ, Enriquez JR, Tersey SA, Evans-Molina C, Long SA, Blanchfield L, Gerner EW, Mirmira RG, DiMeglio LA. Inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis preserves β cell function in type 1 diabetes. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101261. [PMID: 37918404 PMCID: PMC10694631 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
In preclinical models, α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) inhibitor, delays the onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D) by reducing β cell stress. However, the mechanism of DFMO action and its human tolerability remain unclear. In this study, we show that mice with β cell ODC deletion are protected against toxin-induced diabetes, suggesting a cell-autonomous role of ODC during β cell stress. In a randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02384889) involving 41 recent-onset T1D subjects (3:1 drug:placebo) over a 3-month treatment period with a 3-month follow-up, DFMO (125-1,000 mg/m2) is shown to meet its primary outcome of safety and tolerability. DFMO dose-dependently reduces urinary putrescine levels and, at higher doses, preserves C-peptide area under the curve without apparent immunomodulation. Transcriptomics and proteomics of DFMO-treated human islets exposed to cytokine stress reveal alterations in mRNA translation, nascent protein transport, and protein secretion. These findings suggest that DFMO may preserve β cell function in T1D through islet cell-autonomous effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Sims
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Abhishek Kulkarni
- Kovler Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Audrey Hull
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Nationwide Children's Hospital Pediatric Residency Program, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Stephanie E Woerner
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Susanne Cabrera
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Lucy D Mastrandrea
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Batoul Hammoud
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Soumyadeep Sarkar
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Ernesto S Nakayasu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Teresa L Mastracci
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Susan M Perkins
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Fangqian Ouyang
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | - Jacob R Enriquez
- Kovler Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Kovler Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Medicine and the Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - S Alice Long
- Benaroya Research Institute, Center for Translational Immunology, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Lori Blanchfield
- Benaroya Research Institute, Center for Translational Immunology, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | | | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Kovler Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Linda A DiMeglio
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Nargis T, Piñeros AR, May SC, Tersey SA, Mirmira RG. Protocol to isolate immune cells from mouse pancreatic lymph nodes and whole pancreas for mass cytometric analyses. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:101938. [PMID: 36520629 PMCID: PMC9791398 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigating the immune attack on β cells is critical to understanding autoimmune diabetes. Here, we present a protocol to isolate immune cells from mouse pancreatic lymph nodes and whole pancreas, followed by mass cytometric analyses. This protocol can be used to analyze subsets of innate and adaptive immune cells that play critical roles in autoimmune diabetes, with as few as 5 × 105 cells. This protocol can also be adapted to study resident immune cells from other tissues. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Piñeros et al. (2022).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titli Nargis
- Kovler Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Annie R Piñeros
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, IN 46225, USA
| | - Sarah C May
- Kovler Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Kovler Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Kovler Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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5
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Abstract
The pathogeneses of the 2 major forms of diabetes, type 1 and type 2, differ with respect to their major molecular insults (loss of immune tolerance and onset of tissue insulin resistance, respectively). However, evidence suggests that dysfunction and/or death of insulin-producing β-cells is common to virtually all forms of diabetes. Although the mechanisms underlying β-cell dysfunction remain incompletely characterized, recent years have witnessed major advances in our understanding of the molecular pathways that contribute to the demise of the β-cell. Cellular and environmental factors contribute to β-cell dysfunction/loss through the activation of molecular pathways that exacerbate endoplasmic reticulum stress, the integrated stress response, oxidative stress, and impaired autophagy. Whereas many of these stress responsive pathways are interconnected, their individual contributions to glucose homeostasis and β-cell health have been elucidated through the development and interrogation of animal models. In these studies, genetic models and pharmacological compounds have enabled the identification of genes and proteins specifically involved in β-cell dysfunction during diabetes pathogenesis. Here, we review the critical stress response pathways that are activated in β cells in the context of the animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarah C May
- Kovler Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Kovler Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Correspondence: Raghavendra G. Mirmira, MD, PhD, Kovler Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 900 E 57th St, KCBD 8132, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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6
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Dhawan D, Ramos-Vara JA, Utturkar SM, Ruple A, Tersey SA, Nelson JB, Cooper B, Heng HG, Ostrander EA, Parker HG, Hahn NM, Adams LG, Fulkerson CM, Childress MO, Bonney P, Royce C, Fourez LM, Enstrom AW, Ambrosius LA, Knapp DW. Identification of a naturally-occurring canine model for early detection and intervention research in high grade urothelial carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1011969. [PMID: 36439482 PMCID: PMC9692095 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1011969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection and intervention research is expected to improve the outcomes for patients with high grade muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma (InvUC). With limited patients in suitable high-risk study cohorts, relevant animal model research is critical. Experimental animal models often fail to adequately represent human cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the suitability of dogs with high breed-associated risk for naturally-occurring InvUC to serve as relevant models for early detection and intervention research. The feasibility of screening and early intervention, and similarities and differences between canine and human tumors, and early and later canine tumors were determined. METHODS STs (n=120) ≥ 6 years old with no outward evidence of urinary disease were screened at 6-month intervals for 3 years with physical exam, ultrasonography, and urinalysis with sediment exam. Cystoscopic biopsy was performed in dogs with positive screening tests. The pathological, clinical, and molecular characteristics of the "early" cancer detected by screening were determined. Transcriptomic signatures were compared between the early tumors and published findings in human InvUC, and to more advanced "later" canine tumors from STs who had the typical presentation of hematuria and urinary dysfunction. An early intervention trial of an oral cyclooxygenase inhibitor, deracoxib, was conducted in dogs with cancer detected through screening. RESULTS Biopsy-confirmed bladder cancer was detected in 32 (27%) of 120 STs including InvUC (n=29, three starting as dysplasia), grade 1 noninvasive cancer (n=2), and carcinoma in situ (n=1). Transcriptomic signatures including druggable targets such as EGFR and the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway, were very similar between canine and human InvUC, especially within luminal and basal molecular subtypes. Marked transcriptomic differences were noted between early and later canine tumors, particularly within luminal subtype tumors. The deracoxib remission rate (42% CR+PR) compared very favorably to that with single-agent cyclooxygenase inhibitors in more advanced canine InvUC (17-25%), supporting the value of early intervention. CONCLUSIONS The study defined a novel naturally-occurring animal model to complement experimental models for early detection and intervention research in InvUC. Research incorporating the canine model is expected to lead to improved outcomes for humans, as well as pet dogs, facing bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Dhawan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - José A. Ramos-Vara
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Sagar M. Utturkar
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Audrey Ruple
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Department of Public Health, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Sarah A. Tersey
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jennifer B. Nelson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Bruce R. Cooper
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Hock Gan Heng
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Elaine A. Ostrander
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Heidi G. Parker
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Noah M. Hahn
- Department of Oncology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Larry G. Adams
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Christopher M. Fulkerson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Michael O. Childress
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Patty L. Bonney
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Christine Royce
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Lindsey M. Fourez
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Alexander W. Enstrom
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Lisbeth A. Ambrosius
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Deborah W. Knapp
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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7
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Piñeros AR, Kulkarni A, Gao H, Orr KS, Glenn L, Huang F, Liu Y, Gannon M, Syed F, Wu W, Anderson CM, Evans-Molina C, McDuffie M, Nadler JL, Morris MA, Mirmira RG, Tersey SA. Proinflammatory signaling in islet β cells propagates invasion of pathogenic immune cells in autoimmune diabetes. Cell Rep 2022; 39:111011. [PMID: 35767947 PMCID: PMC9297711 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is a disorder of immune tolerance that leads to death of insulin-producing islet β cells. We hypothesize that inflammatory signaling within β cells promotes progression of autoimmunity within the islet microenvironment. To test this hypothesis, we deleted the proinflammatory gene encoding 12/15-lipoxygenase (Alox15) in β cells of non-obese diabetic mice at a pre-diabetic time point when islet inflammation is a feature. Deletion of Alox15 leads to preservation of β cell mass, reduces populations of infiltrating T cells, and protects against spontaneous autoimmune diabetes in both sexes. Mice lacking Alox15 in β cells exhibit an increase in a population of β cells expressing the gene encoding the protein programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), which engages receptors on immune cells to suppress autoimmunity. Delivery of a monoclonal antibody against PD-L1 recovers the diabetes phenotype in knockout animals. Our results support the contention that inflammatory signaling in β cells promotes autoimmunity during type 1 diabetes progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie R Piñeros
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Abhishek Kulkarni
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kara S Orr
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lindsey Glenn
- Department of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Fei Huang
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University and Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Authority, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Farooq Syed
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Wenting Wu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Cara M Anderson
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Marcia McDuffie
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jerry L Nadler
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Margaret A Morris
- Department of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Kulkarni A, Anderson CM, Mirmira RG, Tersey SA. Role of Polyamines and Hypusine in β Cells and Diabetes Pathogenesis. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040344. [PMID: 35448531 PMCID: PMC9028953 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The polyamines—putrescine, spermidine, and spermine—are polycationic, low molecular weight amines with cellular functions primarily related to mRNA translation and cell proliferation. Polyamines partly exert their effects via the hypusine pathway, wherein the polyamine spermidine provides the aminobutyl moiety to allow posttranslational modification of the translation factor eIF5A with the rare amino acid hypusine (hydroxy putrescine lysine). The “hypusinated” eIF5A (eIF5Ahyp) is considered to be the active form of the translation factor necessary for the translation of mRNAs associated with stress and inflammation. Recently, it has been demonstrated that activity of the polyamines-hypusine circuit in insulin-producing islet β cells contributes to diabetes pathogenesis under conditions of inflammation. Elevated levels of polyamines are reported in both exocrine and endocrine cells of the pancreas, which may contribute to endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and autophagy. In this review, we have summarized the existing research on polyamine-hypusine metabolism in the context of β-cell function and diabetes pathogenesis.
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9
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Bidwell J, Tersey SA, Adaway M, Bone RN, Creecy A, Klunk A, Atkinson EG, Wek RC, Robling AG, Wallace JM, Evans-Molina C. Nmp4, a Regulator of Induced Osteoanabolism, Also Influences Insulin Secretion and Sensitivity. Calcif Tissue Int 2022; 110:244-259. [PMID: 34417862 PMCID: PMC8792173 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-021-00903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A bidirectional and complex relationship exists between bone and glycemia. Persons with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at risk for bone loss and fracture, however, heightened osteoanabolism may ameliorate T2D-induced deficits in glycemia as bone-forming osteoblasts contribute to energy metabolism via increased glucose uptake and cellular glycolysis. Mice globally lacking nuclear matrix protein 4 (Nmp4), a transcription factor expressed in all tissues and conserved between humans and rodents, are healthy and exhibit enhanced bone formation in response to anabolic osteoporosis therapies. To test whether loss of Nmp4 similarly impacted bone deficits caused by diet-induced obesity, male wild-type and Nmp4-/- mice (8 weeks) were fed either low-fat diet or high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Endpoint parameters included bone architecture, structural and estimated tissue-level mechanical properties, body weight/composition, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance, and metabolic cage analysis. HFD diminished bone architecture and ultimate force and stiffness equally in both genotypes. Unexpectedly, the Nmp4-/- mice exhibited deficits in pancreatic β-cell function and were modestly glucose intolerant under normal diet conditions. Despite the β-cell deficits, the Nmp4-/- mice were less sensitive to HFD-induced weight gain, increases in % fat mass, and decreases in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. We conclude that Nmp4 supports pancreatic β-cell function but suppresses peripheral glucose utilization, perhaps contributing to its suppression of induced skeletal anabolism. Selective disruption of Nmp4 in peripheral tissues may provide a strategy for improving both induced osteoanabolism and energy metabolism in comorbid patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Bidwell
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology (ACBP), Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, IUSM, Indianapolis, USA.
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Michele Adaway
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology (ACBP), Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Robert N Bone
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease and the Wells Center for Pediatric Research, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Amy Creecy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Angela Klunk
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology (ACBP), Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Emily G Atkinson
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology (ACBP), Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Ronald C Wek
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IUSM, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Alexander G Robling
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology (ACBP), Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, IUSM, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Joseph M Wallace
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, IUSM, Indianapolis, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease and the Wells Center for Pediatric Research, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, USA.
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10
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Anderson-Baucum E, Piñeros AR, Kulkarni A, Webb-Robertson BJ, Maier B, Anderson RM, Wu W, Tersey SA, Mastracci TL, Casimiro I, Scheuner D, Metz TO, Nakayasu ES, Evans-Molina C, Mirmira RG. Deoxyhypusine synthase promotes a pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1883-1893.e7. [PMID: 34496231 PMCID: PMC8432737 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic inflammation (meta-inflammation) of obesity is characterized by proinflammatory macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue. Catalysis by deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) modifies the translation factor eIF5A to generate a hypusine (Hyp) residue. Hypusinated eIF5A (eIF5AHyp) controls the translation of mRNAs involved in inflammation, but its role in meta-inflammation has not been elucidated. Levels of eIF5AHyp were found to be increased in adipose tissue macrophages from obese mice and in murine macrophages activated to a proinflammatory M1-like state. Global proteomics and transcriptomics revealed that DHPS deficiency in macrophages altered the abundance of proteins involved in NF-κB signaling, likely through translational control of their respective mRNAs. DHPS deficiency in myeloid cells of obese mice suppressed M1 macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue and improved glucose tolerance. These findings indicate that DHPS promotes the post-transcriptional regulation of a subset of mRNAs governing inflammation and chemotaxis in macrophages and contributes to a proinflammatory M1-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Anderson-Baucum
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Annie R Piñeros
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Abhishek Kulkarni
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Bernhard Maier
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ryan M Anderson
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Wenting Wu
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Teresa L Mastracci
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Isabel Casimiro
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Donalyn Scheuner
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Thomas O Metz
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Ernesto S Nakayasu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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11
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Kulkarni A, Pineros AR, Walsh MA, Casimiro I, Ibrahim S, Hernandez-Perez M, Orr KS, Glenn L, Nadler JL, Morris MA, Tersey SA, Mirmira RG, Anderson RM. 12-Lipoxygenase governs the innate immune pathogenesis of islet inflammation and autoimmune diabetes. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e147812. [PMID: 34128835 PMCID: PMC8410073 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.147812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages and related myeloid cells are innate immune cells that participate in the early islet inflammation of type 1 diabetes (T1D). The enzyme 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) catalyzes the formation of proinflammatory eicosanoids, but its role and mechanisms in myeloid cells in the pathogenesis of islet inflammation have not been elucidated. Leveraging a model of islet inflammation in zebrafish, we show here that macrophages contribute significantly to the loss of β cells and the subsequent development of hyperglycemia. The depletion or inhibition of 12-LOX in this model resulted in reduced macrophage infiltration into islets and the preservation of β cell mass. In NOD mice, the deletion of the gene encoding 12-LOX in the myeloid lineage resulted in reduced insulitis with reductions in proinflammatory macrophages, a suppressed T cell response, preserved β cell mass, and almost complete protection from the development of T1D. 12-LOX depletion caused a defect in myeloid cell migration, a function required for immune surveillance and tissue injury responses. This effect on migration resulted from the loss of the chemokine receptor CXCR3. Transgenic expression of the gene encoding CXCR3 rescued the migratory defect in zebrafish 12-LOX morphants. Taken together, our results reveal a formative role for innate immune cells in the early pathogenesis of T1D and identify 12-LOX as an enzyme required to promote their prodiabetogenic phenotype in the context of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kulkarni
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases and Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Kolver Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Annie R Pineros
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases and Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Melissa A Walsh
- Kolver Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Isabel Casimiro
- Kolver Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sara Ibrahim
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases and Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Marimar Hernandez-Perez
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases and Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kara S Orr
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases and Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Lindsey Glenn
- Department of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Jerry L Nadler
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Margaret A Morris
- Department of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Kolver Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Kolver Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ryan M Anderson
- Kolver Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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12
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Maguire OA, Ackerman SE, Szwed SK, Maganti AV, Marchildon F, Huang X, Kramer DJ, Rosas-Villegas A, Gelfer RG, Turner LE, Ceballos V, Hejazi A, Samborska B, Rahbani JF, Dykstra CB, Annis MG, Luo JD, Carroll TS, Jiang CS, Dannenberg AJ, Siegel PM, Tersey SA, Mirmira RG, Kazak L, Cohen P. Creatine-mediated crosstalk between adipocytes and cancer cells regulates obesity-driven breast cancer. Cell Metab 2021; 33:499-512.e6. [PMID: 33596409 PMCID: PMC7954401 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for adverse outcomes in breast cancer; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated. To investigate the role of crosstalk between mammary adipocytes and neoplastic cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), we performed transcriptomic analysis of cancer cells and adjacent adipose tissue in a murine model of obesity-accelerated breast cancer and identified glycine amidinotransferase (Gatm) in adipocytes and Acsbg1 in cancer cells as required for obesity-driven tumor progression. Gatm is the rate-limiting enzyme in creatine biosynthesis, and deletion in adipocytes attenuated obesity-driven tumor growth. Similarly, genetic inhibition of creatine import into cancer cells reduced tumor growth in obesity. In parallel, breast cancer cells in obese animals upregulated the fatty acyl-CoA synthetase Acsbg1 to promote creatine-dependent tumor progression. These findings reveal key nodes in the crosstalk between adipocytes and cancer cells in the TME necessary for obesity-driven breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia A Maguire
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sarah E Ackerman
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; AAAS Science and Technology Policy Fellow in the Office of Global Health, Health Workforce Branch, U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, D.C. 20547, USA
| | - Sarah K Szwed
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Aarthi V Maganti
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - François Marchildon
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Daniel J Kramer
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Rebecca G Gelfer
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lauren E Turner
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Victor Ceballos
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Asal Hejazi
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Bozena Samborska
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G1Y6, Canada
| | - Janane F Rahbani
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G1Y6, Canada
| | - Christien B Dykstra
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G1Y6, Canada
| | - Matthew G Annis
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Ji-Dung Luo
- Bioinformatics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Thomas S Carroll
- Bioinformatics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Caroline S Jiang
- Rockefeller University Hospital, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andrew J Dannenberg
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Peter M Siegel
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G1Y6, Canada
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Lawrence Kazak
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G1Y6, Canada
| | - Paul Cohen
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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13
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Casimiro I, Stull ND, Tersey SA, Mirmira RG. Phenotypic sexual dimorphism in response to dietary fat manipulation in C57BL/6J mice. J Diabetes Complications 2021; 35:107795. [PMID: 33308894 PMCID: PMC7856196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and the metabolic syndrome are increasingly prevalent in society and their complications and response to treatment exhibit sexual dimorphism. Mouse models of high fat diet-induced obesity are commonly used for both mechanistic and therapeutic studies of metabolic disease and diabetes. However, the inclusion of female mammals in obesity research has not been a common practice, and has resulted in a paucity of data regarding the effect of sex on metabolic parameters and its applicability to humans. METHODS Here we analyzed male and female C57BL/6 J mice beginning at 4 weeks of age that were placed on a low-fat diet (LFD, 10% calories from fat), a Western Diet (WD, 45% calories from fat), or a high fat diet (HFD, 60% calories from fat). Assessments of body composition, glucose homeostasis, insulin production, and energy metabolism, as well as histological analyses of pancreata were performed. RESULTS Both male and female C57BL/6 J mice had similar increases in total percent body weight gain with both WD and HFD compared to LFD, however, male mice gained weight earlier upon HFD or WD feeding compared to female mice. Male mice maintained their caloric food intake while reducing their locomotor activity with either WD or HFD compared to LFD, whereas female mice increased their caloric food intake with WD feeding. Locomotor activity of female mice did not significantly change upon WD or HFD feeding, yet female mice exhibited increased energy expenditure compared to WD or HFD fed male mice. Glucose tolerance tests performed at 4, 12 and 20 weeks of dietary intervention revealed impaired glucose tolerance that was worse in male mice compared to females. Furthermore, male mice exhibited an increase in pancreatic β cell area as well as reduced insulin sensitivity after HFD feeding compared to WD or LFD, whereas female mice did not. CONCLUSIONS Male and female C57BL/6 J mice exhibited strikingly different responses in weight, food consumption, locomotor activity, energy expenditure and β cell adaptation upon dietary manipulation, with the latter exhibiting less striking phenotypic changes. We conclude that the nature of these responses emphasizes the need to contextualize studies of obesity pathophysiology and treatment with respect to sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Casimiro
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
| | - Natalie D Stull
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States of America
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America.
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America.
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14
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Piñeros AR, Gao H, Wu W, Liu Y, Tersey SA, Mirmira RG. Single-Cell Transcriptional Profiling of Mouse Islets Following Short-Term Obesogenic Dietary Intervention. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10120513. [PMID: 33353164 PMCID: PMC7765825 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10120513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is closely associated with adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. Dysglycemia and type 2 diabetes results when islet β cells fail to maintain appropriate insulin secretion in the face of insulin resistance. To clarify the early transcriptional events leading to β-cell failure in the setting of obesity, we fed male C57BL/6J mice an obesogenic, high-fat diet (60% kcal from fat) or a control diet (10% kcal from fat) for one week, and islets from these mice (from four high-fat- and three control-fed mice) were subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing (sc-RNAseq) analysis. Islet endocrine cell types (α cells, β cells, δ cells, PP cells) and other resident cell types (macrophages, T cells) were annotated by transcript profiles and visualized using Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection for Dimension Reduction (UMAP) plots. UMAP analysis revealed distinct cell clusters (11 for β cells, 5 for α cells, 3 for δ cells, PP cells, ductal cells, endothelial cells), emphasizing the heterogeneity of cell populations in the islet. Collectively, the clusters containing the majority of β cells showed the fewest gene expression changes, whereas clusters harboring the minority of β cells showed the most changes. We identified that distinct β-cell clusters downregulate genes associated with the endoplasmic reticulum stress response and upregulate genes associated with insulin secretion, whereas others upregulate genes that impair insulin secretion, cell proliferation, and cell survival. Moreover, all β-cell clusters negatively regulate genes associated with immune response activation. Glucagon-producing α cells exhibited patterns similar to β cells but, again, in clusters containing the minority of α cells. Our data indicate that an early transcriptional response in islets to an obesogenic diet reflects an attempt by distinct populations of β cells to augment or impair cellular function and/or reduce inflammatory responses as possible harbingers of ensuing insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie R. Piñeros
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.R.P.); (W.W.)
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (H.G.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wenting Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.R.P.); (W.W.)
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (H.G.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (H.G.); (Y.L.)
| | - Sarah A. Tersey
- Kolver Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Raghavendra G. Mirmira
- Kolver Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
- Correspondence:
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15
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Hernandez-Perez M, Kulkarni A, Samala N, Sorrell C, El K, Haider I, Aleem AM, Holman TR, Rai G, Tersey SA, Mirmira RG, Anderson RM. A 12-lipoxygenase-Gpr31 signaling axis is required for pancreatic organogenesis in the zebrafish. FASEB J 2020; 34:14850-14862. [PMID: 32918516 PMCID: PMC7606739 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902308rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
12-Lipoxygenase (12-LOX) is a key enzyme in arachidonic acid metabolism, and alongside its major product, 12-HETE, plays a key role in promoting inflammatory signaling during diabetes pathogenesis. Although 12-LOX is a proposed therapeutic target to protect pancreatic islets in the setting of diabetes, little is known about the consequences of blocking its enzymatic activity during embryonic development. Here, we have leveraged the strengths of the zebrafish-genetic manipulation and pharmacologic inhibition-to interrogate the role of 12-LOX in pancreatic development. Lipidomics analysis during zebrafish development demonstrated that 12-LOX-generated metabolites of arachidonic acid increase sharply during organogenesis stages, and that this increase is blocked by morpholino-directed depletion of 12-LOX. Furthermore, we found that either depletion or inhibition of 12-LOX impairs both exocrine pancreas growth and unexpectedly, the generation of insulin-producing β cells. We demonstrate that morpholino-mediated knockdown of GPR31, a purported G-protein-coupled receptor for 12-HETE, largely phenocopies both the depletion and the inhibition of 12-LOX. Moreover, we show that loss of GPR31 impairs pancreatic bud fusion and pancreatic duct morphogenesis. Together, these data provide new insight into the requirement of 12-LOX in pancreatic organogenesis and islet formation, and additionally provide evidence that its effects are mediated via a signaling axis that includes the 12-HETE receptor GPR31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marimar Hernandez-Perez
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Abhishek Kulkarni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Niharika Samala
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Cody Sorrell
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kimberly El
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Isra Haider
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ansari Mukhtar Aleem
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Theodore R Holman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Ganesha Rai
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Department of Medicine, Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ryan M Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Department of Medicine, Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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16
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Stephens CH, Morrison RA, McLaughlin M, Orr K, Tersey SA, Scott-Moncrieff JC, Mirmira RG, Considine RV, Voytik-Harbin S. Oligomeric collagen as an encapsulation material for islet/β-cell replacement: effect of islet source, dose, implant site, and administration format. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E388-E400. [PMID: 32543944 PMCID: PMC7473915 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00066.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Replacement of islets/β-cells that provide long-lasting glucose-sensing and insulin-releasing functions has the potential to restore extended glycemic control in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Unfortunately, persistent challenges preclude such therapies from widespread clinical use, including cumbersome administration via portal vein infusion, significant loss of functional islet mass upon administration, limited functional longevity, and requirement for systemic immunosuppression. Previously, fibril-forming type I collagen (oligomer) was shown to support subcutaneous injection and in situ encapsulation of syngeneic islets within diabetic mice, with rapid (<24 h) reversal of hyperglycemia and maintenance of euglycemia for beyond 90 days. Here, we further evaluated this macroencapsulation strategy, defining effects of islet source (allogeneic and xenogeneic) and dose (500 and 800 islets), injection microenvironment (subcutaneous and intraperitoneal), and macrocapsule format (injectable and preformed implantable) on islet functional longevity and recipient immune response. We found that xenogeneic rat islets functioned similarly to or better than allogeneic mouse islets, with only modest improvements in longevity noted with dosage. Additionally, subcutaneous injection led to more consistent encapsulation outcomes along with improved islet health and longevity, compared with intraperitoneal administration, whereas no significant differences were observed between subcutaneous injectable and preformed implantable formats. Collectively, these results document the benefits of incorporating natural collagen for islet/β-cell replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel A Morrison
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Madeline McLaughlin
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Kara Orr
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Robert V Considine
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Sherry Voytik-Harbin
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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17
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Syed F, Tersey SA, Turatsinze JV, Felton JL, Kang NJ, Nelson JB, Sims EK, Defrance M, Bizet M, Fuks F, Cnop M, Bugliani M, Marchetti P, Ziegler AG, Bonifacio E, Webb-Robertson BJ, Balamurugan AN, Evans-Molina C, Eizirik DL, Mather KJ, Arslanian S, Mirmira RG. Circulating unmethylated CHTOP and INS DNA fragments provide evidence of possible islet cell death in youth with obesity and diabetes. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:116. [PMID: 32736653 PMCID: PMC7393900 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00906-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of islet β cell death prior to the onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D) or type 2 diabetes (T2D) might allow for interventions to protect β cells and reduce diabetes risk. Circulating unmethylated DNA fragments arising from the human INS gene have been proposed as biomarkers of β cell death, but this gene alone may not be sufficiently specific to report β cell death. RESULTS To identify new candidate genes whose CpG sites may show greater specificity for β cells, we performed unbiased DNA methylation analysis using the Infinium HumanMethylation 450 array on 64 human islet preparations and 27 non-islet human tissues. For verification of array results, bisulfite DNA sequencing of human β cells and 11 non-β cell tissues was performed on 5 of the top 10 CpG sites that were found to be differentially methylated. We identified the CHTOP gene as a candidate whose CpGs show a greater frequency of unmethylation in human islets. A digital PCR strategy was used to determine the methylation pattern of CHTOP and INS CpG sites in primary human tissues. Although both INS and CHTOP contained unmethylated CpG sites in non-islet tissues, they occurred in a non-overlapping pattern. Based on Naïve Bayes classifier analysis, the two genes together report 100% specificity for islet damage. Digital PCR was then performed on cell-free DNA from serum from human subjects. Compared to healthy controls (N = 10), differentially methylated CHTOP and INS levels were higher in youth with new onset T1D (N = 43) and, unexpectedly, in healthy autoantibody-negative youth who have first-degree relatives with T1D (N = 23). When tested in lean (N = 32) and obese (N = 118) youth, increased levels of unmethylated INS and CHTOP were observed in obese individuals. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that concurrent measurement of circulating unmethylated INS and CHTOP has the potential to detect islet death in youth at risk for both T1D and T2D. Our data also support the use of multiple parameters to increase the confidence of detecting islet damage in individuals at risk for developing diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Syed
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Kovler Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th Street, KCBD-8130, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | | | - Jamie L Felton
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nicole Jiyun Kang
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jennifer B Nelson
- Kovler Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th Street, KCBD-8130, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Emily K Sims
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mathieu Defrance
- Laboratory for Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, and ULB Cancer Research Center, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martin Bizet
- Laboratory for Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, and ULB Cancer Research Center, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Francois Fuks
- Laboratory for Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, and ULB Cancer Research Center, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Division of Endocrinology (ULB Erasmus Hospital), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marco Bugliani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Appakalai N Balamurugan
- Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kieren J Mather
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Silva Arslanian
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Kovler Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th Street, KCBD-8130, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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18
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Speake C, Ylescupidez A, Neiman D, Shemer R, Glaser B, Tersey SA, Usmani-Brown S, Clark P, Wilhelm JJ, Bellin MD, Herold KC, Mirmira RG, Dor Y, Evans-Molina C. Circulating Unmethylated Insulin DNA As a Biomarker of Human Beta Cell Death: A Multi-laboratory Assay Comparison. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5698251. [PMID: 31913467 PMCID: PMC7015459 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT There is an unmet need for biomarkers of pancreatic beta-cell death to improve early diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, enroll subjects into clinical trials, and assess treatment response. To address this need, several groups developed assays measuring insulin deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) with unmethylated CpG sites in cell-free DNA. Unmethylated insulin DNA should be derived predominantly from beta-cells and indicate ongoing beta-cell death. OBJECTIVE To assess the performance of three unmethylated insulin DNA assays. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS Plasma or serum samples from 13 subjects undergoing total pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation were coded and provided to investigators to measure unmethylated insulin DNA. Samples included a negative control taken post-pancreatectomy but pretransplant, and a positive control taken immediately following islet infusion. We assessed technical reproducibility, linearity, and persistence of detection of unmethylated insulin DNA for each assay. RESULTS All assays discriminated between the negative sample and samples taken directly from the islet transplant bag; 2 of 3 discriminated negative samples from those taken immediately after islet infusion. When high levels of unmethylated insulin DNA were present, technical reproducibility was generally good for all assays. CONCLUSIONS The measurement of beta cell cell-free DNA, including insulin, is a promising approach, warranting further testing and development in those with or at-risk for type 1 diabetes, as well as in other settings where understanding the frequency or kinetics of beta cell death could be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cate Speake
- Diabetes Clinical Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, US
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Cate Speake, PhD, Diabetes Clinical Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute, 1201 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101. E-mail:
| | - Alyssa Ylescupidez
- Diabetes Clinical Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, US
| | - Daniel Neiman
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ruth Shemer
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Benjamin Glaser
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, US
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, US
| | | | - Pamela Clark
- Departments of Immunobiology and Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, US
| | - Joshua J Wilhelm
- Department of Surgery, Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, US
| | - Melena D Bellin
- Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, US
| | - Kevan C Herold
- Departments of Immunobiology and Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, US
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, US
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, US
| | - Yuval Dor
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, US
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, US
- The Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, US
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19
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Jiang H, Griesenauer B, Tersey SA, Orr K, Evans-Molina C, Paczesny S. Preventing Post-Transplant Diabetes Mellitus Via Orchestration of the IL-33/ST2 Axis in Pancreatic Islets. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2019.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Nakayasu ES, Syed F, Tersey SA, Gritsenko MA, Mitchell HD, Chan CY, Dirice E, Turatsinze JV, Cui Y, Kulkarni RN, Eizirik DL, Qian WJ, Webb-Robertson BJM, Evans-Molina C, Mirmira RG, Metz TO. Comprehensive Proteomics Analysis of Stressed Human Islets Identifies GDF15 as a Target for Type 1 Diabetes Intervention. Cell Metab 2020; 31:363-374.e6. [PMID: 31928885 PMCID: PMC7319177 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from the progressive loss of β cells, a process propagated by pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling that disrupts the balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins. To identify proteins involved in this process, we performed comprehensive proteomics of human pancreatic islets treated with interleukin-1β and interferon-γ, leading to the identification of 11,324 proteins, of which 387 were significantly regulated by treatment. We then tested the function of growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), which was repressed by the treatment. We found that GDF15 translation was blocked during inflammation, and it was depleted in islets from individuals with T1D. The addition of exogenous GDF15 inhibited interleukin-1β+interferon-γ-induced apoptosis of human islets. Administration of GDF15 reduced by 53% the incidence of diabetes in NOD mice. Our approach provides a unique resource for the identification of the human islet proteins regulated by cytokines and was effective in discovering a potential target for T1D therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto S Nakayasu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Farooq Syed
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Marina A Gritsenko
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Hugh D Mitchell
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Chi Yuet Chan
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Ercument Dirice
- Department of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean-Valery Turatsinze
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yi Cui
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Department of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Bobbie-Jo M Webb-Robertson
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA; Computing and Analytics Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Thomas O Metz
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
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21
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Frabutt D, Stull N, Pineros AR, Tersey SA, Scheuner D, Mastracci TL, Pugia MJ. Adiponectin receptor fragmentation in mouse models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Arch Autoimmune Dis 2020; 1:3-13. [PMID: 34414399 PMCID: PMC8372748 DOI: 10.46439/autoimmune.1.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The protein hormone adiponectin regulates glucose and fatty acid metabolism by binding to two PAQR-family receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2). Both receptors feature a C-terminal segment which is released by proteolysis to form a freely circulating C-terminal fragment (CTF) found in the plasma of normal individuals but not in some undefined diabetes patients. The AdipoR1-CTF344–376 is a competitive inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor α cleavage enzyme (TACE) but it contains a shorter peptide domain (AdipoR1 CTF351–362) that is a strong non-competitive inhibitor of insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE). The link between adiponectin receptor fragmentation and diabetes pathology is unclear but could lead to new therapeutic strategies. We therefore investigated physiological variations in the concentrations of CTF in non-obese diabetic (NOD/ShiLtJ) mice and C57BL/6 mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO) as models of diabetes types 1 and 2, respectively. We tested for changes in adiponectin receptor signaling, immune responses, disease progression, and the abundance of neutralizing autoantibodies. Finally, we administered exogenous AdipoR1-CTF peptides either containing or lacking the IDE-binding domain. We observed the more pronounced CTF shedding in the TACE-active NOD mice, which represents an inflammatory autoimmune phenotype, but fragmentation was also observed to a lesser extent in the DIO model. Autoantibodies to CTF were detected in both models. Neither exogenous CTF peptide affected IgG-CTF plasma levels, body weight or the conversion of NOD mice to diabetes. The pattern of AdipoR1 fragmentation and autoantibody production under physiological conditions of aging, DIO, and autoimmune diabetes therefore provides insight into the association adiponectin biology and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Frabutt
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis IN, United States
| | - Natalie Stull
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis IN, United States
| | - Annie R Pineros
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN, United States
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN, United States
| | - Donalyn Scheuner
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis IN, United States
| | - Teresa L Mastracci
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis IN, United States.,Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN, United States
| | - Michael J Pugia
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis IN, United States
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22
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Levasseur EM, Yamada K, Piñeros AR, Wu W, Syed F, Orr KS, Anderson-Baucum E, Mastracci TL, Maier B, Mosley AL, Liu Y, Bernal-Mizrachi E, Alonso LC, Scott D, Garcia-Ocaña A, Tersey SA, Mirmira RG. Hypusine biosynthesis in β cells links polyamine metabolism to facultative cellular proliferation to maintain glucose homeostasis. Sci Signal 2019; 12:eaax0715. [PMID: 31796630 PMCID: PMC7202401 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aax0715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) uses the polyamine spermidine to catalyze the hypusine modification of the mRNA translation factor eIF5A and promotes oncogenesis through poorly defined mechanisms. Because germline deletion of Dhps is embryonically lethal, its role in normal postnatal cellular function in vivo remains unknown. We generated a mouse model that enabled the inducible, postnatal deletion of Dhps specifically in postnatal islet β cells, which function to maintain glucose homeostasis. Removal of Dhps did not have an effect under normal physiologic conditions. However, upon development of insulin resistance, which induces β cell proliferation, Dhps deletion caused alterations in proteins required for mRNA translation and protein secretion, reduced production of the cell cycle molecule cyclin D2, impaired β cell proliferation, and induced overt diabetes. We found that hypusine biosynthesis was downstream of protein kinase C-ζ and was required for c-Myc-induced proliferation. Our studies reveal a requirement for DHPS in β cells to link polyamines to mRNA translation to effect facultative cellular proliferation and glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther M Levasseur
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kentaro Yamada
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Annie R Piñeros
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Wenting Wu
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Farooq Syed
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kara S Orr
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | - Teresa L Mastracci
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Bernhard Maier
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Amber L Mosley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | - Laura C Alonso
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Donald Scott
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute and the Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Adolfo Garcia-Ocaña
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute and the Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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23
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Farr RJ, Wong WKM, Maynard CL, Tersey SA, Mirmira RG, Hardikar AA, Joglekar MV. Comparative analysis of diagnostic platforms for measurement of differentially methylated insulin DNA. J Biol Methods 2019; 6. [PMID: 31328130 PMCID: PMC6641562 DOI: 10.14440/jbm.2019.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has been intensively investigated as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for various cancers. In recent years, presence of unmethylated insulin cfDNA in the circulation has been correlated with pancreatic β-cell death and risk of developing type 1 diabetes. Digital (d)PCR is an increasingly popular method of quantifying insulin cfDNA due to its ability to determine absolute copy numbers, and its increased sensitivity when compared to the more routinely used quantitative PCR. Multiple platforms have been developed to carry out dPCR. However, not all technologies perform comparably, thereby necessitating evaluation of each platform. Here, we compare two dPCR platforms: the QuantStudio 3D (QS3D, Applied Biosystems) and the QX200 (Bio-Rad), to measure copies of unmethylated/methylated insulin plasmids. The QS3D detected greater copy numbers of the plasmids than the QX200 (manual mode), whereas QX200 demonstrated minimal replicate variability, increased throughput, ease of use and the potential for automation. Overall, the performance of QX200, in our hands, was better suited to measure differentially methylated insulin cfDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Farr
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Level 6, Medical Foundation Building, 92-94 Parramatta Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Wilson K M Wong
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Level 6, Medical Foundation Building, 92-94 Parramatta Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Cody-Lee Maynard
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Level 6, Medical Foundation Building, 92-94 Parramatta Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, and Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, and Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Anandwardhan A Hardikar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Level 6, Medical Foundation Building, 92-94 Parramatta Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Mugdha V Joglekar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Level 6, Medical Foundation Building, 92-94 Parramatta Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
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24
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Conteh AM, Reissaus CA, Hernandez-Perez M, Nakshatri S, Anderson RM, Mirmira RG, Tersey SA, Linnemann AK. Platelet-type 12-lipoxygenase deletion provokes a compensatory 12/15-lipoxygenase increase that exacerbates oxidative stress in mouse islet β cells. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:6612-6620. [PMID: 30792307 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.007102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune event increases oxidative stress in islet β cells, giving rise to cellular dysfunction and apoptosis. Lipoxygenases are enzymes that catalyze the oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids that can form lipid metabolites involved in several biological functions, including oxidative stress. 12-Lipoxygenase and 12/15-lipoxygenase are related but distinct enzymes that are expressed in pancreatic islets, but their relative contributions to oxidative stress in these regions are still being elucidated. In this study, we used mice with global genetic deletion of the genes encoding 12-lipoxygenase (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase, 12S type [Alox12]) or 12/15-lipoxygenase (Alox15) to compare the influence of each gene deletion on β cell function and survival in response to the β cell toxin streptozotocin. Alox12 -/- mice exhibited greater impairment in glucose tolerance following streptozotocin exposure than WT mice, whereas Alox15 -/- mice were protected against dysglycemia. These changes were accompanied by evidence of islet oxidative stress in Alox12 -/- mice and reduced oxidative stress in Alox15 -/- mice, consistent with alterations in the expression of the antioxidant response enzymes in islets from these mice. Additionally, islets from Alox12 -/- mice displayed a compensatory increase in Alox15 gene expression, and treatment of these mice with the 12/15-lipoxygenase inhibitor ML-351 rescued the dysglycemic phenotype. Collectively, these results indicate that Alox12 loss activates a compensatory increase in Alox15 that sensitizes mouse β cells to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abass M Conteh
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,Cellular and Integrative Physiology, and
| | - Christopher A Reissaus
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, and.,Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202.,Pediatrics
| | - Marimar Hernandez-Perez
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, and.,Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202.,Pediatrics
| | - Swetha Nakshatri
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, and.,Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202.,Pediatrics
| | - Ryan M Anderson
- Cellular and Integrative Physiology, and.,Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, and.,Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202.,Pediatrics
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,Cellular and Integrative Physiology, and.,Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, and.,Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202.,Pediatrics
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, and .,Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202.,Pediatrics
| | - Amelia K Linnemann
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, .,Cellular and Integrative Physiology, and.,Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, and.,Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202.,Pediatrics
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Roels S, Costa OR, Tersey SA, Stangé G, De Smet D, Balti EV, Gillard P, Keymeulen B, Ling Z, Pipeleers DG, Gorus FK, Mirmira RG, Martens GA. Combined Analysis of GAD65, miR-375, and Unmethylated Insulin DNA Following Islet Transplantation in Patients With T1D. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:451-460. [PMID: 30203041 PMCID: PMC6310912 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-02520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM Several biomarkers have been proposed to detect pancreatic β cell destruction in vivo but so far have not been compared for sensitivity and significance. METHODS We used islet transplantation as a model to compare plasma concentrations of miR-375, 65-kDa subunit of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65), and unmethylated insulin DNA, measured at subpicomolar sensitivity, and study their discharge kinetics, power for outcome prediction, and detection of graft loss during follow-up. RESULTS At 60 minutes after transplantation, GAD65 and miR-375 consistently showed near-equimolar and correlated increases proportional to the number of implanted β cells. GAD65 and miR-375 showed comparable power to predict poor graft outcome at 2 months, with areas under the curve of 0.833 and 0.771, respectively (P = 0.53). Using receiver operating characteristic analysis, we defined likelihood ratios (LRs) for rationally selected result intervals. In GADA-negative recipients (n = 28), GAD65 <4.5 pmol/L (LR = 0.15) and >12.2 pmol/L (LR = ∞) predicted good and poor outcomes, respectively. miR-375 could be used in all recipients irrespective of GAD65 autoantibody status (n = 46), with levels <1.4 pmol/L (LR = 0.14) or >7.6 pmol/L (LR = 9.53) as dual thresholds. The posttransplant surge of unmethylated insulin DNA was inconsistent and unrelated to outcome. Combined measurement of these three biomarkers was also tested as liquid biopsy for β cell death during 2-month follow-up; incidental surges of GAD65, miR-375, and (un)methylated insulin DNA, alone or combined, were confidently detected but could not be related to outcome. CONCLUSIONS GAD65 and miR-375 performed equally well in quantifying early graft destruction and predicting graft outcome, outperforming unmethylated insulin DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Roels
- Diabetes Research Center, Brussels Free University, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier R Costa
- Diabetes Research Center, Brussels Free University, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Clinical Biology, University Hospital Brussels (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Department of Pediatrics, IU Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Geert Stangé
- Diabetes Research Center, Brussels Free University, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dieter De Smet
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, AZ Delta, Roeselare, Belgium
| | - Eric V Balti
- Diabetes Research Center, Brussels Free University, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pieter Gillard
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven – Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Keymeulen
- Diabetes Research Center, Brussels Free University, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Clinical Biology, University Hospital Brussels (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zhidong Ling
- Diabetes Research Center, Brussels Free University, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Clinical Biology, University Hospital Brussels (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Frans K Gorus
- Diabetes Research Center, Brussels Free University, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Department of Pediatrics, IU Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medicine, and Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Geert A Martens
- Diabetes Research Center, Brussels Free University, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, AZ Delta, Roeselare, Belgium
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Geert A. Martens, MD, PhD, Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium. E-mail:
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Kjalarsdottir L, Tersey SA, Vishwanath M, Chuang JC, Posner BA, Mirmira RG, Repa JJ. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in mouse and human islets: a role for transcriptional regulation of voltage-gated calcium channels by the vitamin D receptor. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 185:17-26. [PMID: 30071248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Vitamin D deficiency in rodents negatively affects glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and human epidemiological studies connect poor vitamin D status with type 2 diabetes. Previous studies performed primarily in rat islets have shown that vitamin D can enhance GSIS. However the molecular pathways linking vitamin D and insulin secretion are currently unknown. Therefore, experiments were undertaken to elucidate the transcriptional role(s) of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in islet function. METHODS Human and mouse islets were cultured with vehicle or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3 (1,25D3) and then subjected to GSIS assays. Insulin expression, insulin content, glucose uptake and glucose-stimulated calcium influx were tested. Microarray analysis was performed. In silico analysis was used to identify VDR response elements (VDRE) within target genes and their activity was tested using reporter assays. RESULTS Vdr mRNA is abundant in islets and Vdr expression is glucose-responsive. Preincubation of mouse and human islets with 1,25D3 enhances GSIS and increases glucose-stimulated calcium influx. Microarray analysis identified the R-type voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) gene, Cacna1e, which is highly upregulated by 1,25D3 in human and mouse islets and contains a conserved VDRE in intron 7. Results from GSIS assays suggest that 1,25D3 might upregulate a variant of R-type VGCC that is resistant to chemical inhibition. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the role of 1,25D3 in regulating calcium influx acts through the R-Type VGCC during GSIS, thereby modulating the capacity of beta cells to secrete insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilja Kjalarsdottir
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, United States.
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States; Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States
| | - Mridula Vishwanath
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, United States
| | - Jen-Chieh Chuang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, United States
| | - Bruce A Posner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, United States
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States; Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States
| | - Joyce J Repa
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, United States.
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Abstract
Recent work on the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes has led to an evolving recognition of the heterogeneity of this disease, both with regards to clinical phenotype and responses to therapies to prevent or revert diabetes. This heterogeneity not only limits efforts to accurately predict clinical disease but also is reflected in differing responses to immunomodulatory therapeutics. Thus, there is a need for robust biomarkers of beta cell health, which could provide insight into pathophysiological differences in disease course, improve disease prediction, increase the understanding of therapeutic responses to immunomodulatory interventions and identify individuals most likely to benefit from these therapies. In this review, we outline current literature, limitations and future directions for promising circulating markers of beta cell stress and death in type 1 diabetes, including markers indicating abnormal prohormone processing, circulating RNAs and circulating DNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Sims
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS2031, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS2031, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS2031, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS2031, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Stephens CH, Orr KS, Acton AJ, Tersey SA, Mirmira RG, Considine RV, Voytik-Harbin SL. In situ type I oligomeric collagen macroencapsulation promotes islet longevity and function in vitro and in vivo. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E650-E661. [PMID: 29894201 PMCID: PMC6230705 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00073.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Widespread use of pancreatic islet transplantation for treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is currently limited by requirements for long-term immunosuppression, limited donor supply, and poor long-term engraftment and function. Upon isolation from their native microenvironment, islets undergo rapid apoptosis, which is further exacerbated by poor oxygen and nutrient supply following infusion into the portal vein. Identifying alternative strategies to restore critical microenvironmental cues, while maximizing islet health and function, is needed to advance this cellular therapy. We hypothesized that biophysical properties provided through type I oligomeric collagen macroencapsulation are important considerations when designing strategies to improve islet survival, phenotype, and function. Mouse islets were encapsulated at various Oligomer concentrations (0.5 -3.0 mg/ml) or suspended in media and cultured for 14 days, after which viability, protein expression, and function were assessed. Oligomer-encapsulated islets showed a density-dependent improvement in in vitro viability, cytoarchitecture, and insulin secretion, with 3 mg/ml yielding values comparable to freshly isolated islets. For transplantation into streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, 500 islets were mixed in Oligomer and injected subcutaneously, where rapid in situ macroencapsulation occurred, or injected with saline. Mice treated with Oligomer-encapsulated islets exhibited rapid (within 24 h) diabetes reversal and maintenance of normoglycemia for 14 (immunocompromised), 90 (syngeneic), and 40 days (allogeneic). Histological analysis showed Oligomer-islet engraftment with maintenance of islet cytoarchitecture, revascularization, and no foreign body response. Oligomer-islet macroencapsulation may provide a useful strategy for prolonging the health and function of cultured islets and has potential as a subcutaneous injectable islet transplantation strategy for treatment of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kara S Orr
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Anthony J Acton
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Robert V Considine
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Sherry L Voytik-Harbin
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana
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Tersey SA, Levasseur EM, Syed F, Farb TB, Orr KS, Nelson JB, Shaw JL, Bokvist K, Mather KJ, Mirmira RG. Episodic β-cell death and dedifferentiation during diet-induced obesity and dysglycemia in male mice. FASEB J 2018; 32:fj201800150RR. [PMID: 29812970 PMCID: PMC6181632 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800150rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Loss of functional islet β-cell mass through cellular death or dedifferentiation is thought to lead to dysglycemia during the progression from obesity to type 2 diabetes. To assess these processes in a mouse model of obesity, we performed measures of circulating cell-free differentially methylated insulin II ( Ins2) DNA as a biomarker of β-cell death and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A3 (ALDH1A3) and forkhead box 01 (Foxo1) immunostaining as markers of β-cell dedifferentiation. Eight-week-old, C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD; 10% kcal from fat) or a high-fat diet (HFD; 60% kcal from fat) and were followed longitudinally for up to 13 wk to measure glycemic control and β-cell mass, death, and dedifferentiation. Compared with LFD controls, β-cell mass increased during the feeding period in HFD animals, and statistically greater β-cell death (unmethylated Ins2) was detectable at 2 and 6 wk after diet initiation. Those times correspond to periods when significant step increases in fasting glucose and glucose intolerance, respectively, were detected. ALDH1A3 and Foxo1 immunostaining of the pancreas revealed evidence of β-cell dedifferentiation by 13 wk when fed an HFD, but not in LFD controls. In conclusion, early episodic β-cell death may be a feature of cellular turnover correlated with changes in glycemia during β-cell mass accrual in obesity, whereas β-cell dedifferentiation may be a feature seen later in established disease.-Tersey, S. A., Levasseur, E. M., Syed, F., Farb, T. B., Orr, K. S., Nelson, J. B., Shaw, J. L., Bokvist, K., Mather, K. J., Mirmira, R. G. Episodic β-cell death and dedifferentiation during diet-induced obesity and dysglycemia in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Tersey
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Esther M. Levasseur
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Farooq Syed
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Thomas B. Farb
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kara S. Orr
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jennifer B. Nelson
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Janice L. Shaw
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Krister Bokvist
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kieren J. Mather
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Raghavendra G. Mirmira
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Kulkarni AA, Conteh AM, Sorrell CA, Mirmira A, Tersey SA, Mirmira RG, Linnemann AK, Anderson RM. An In Vivo Zebrafish Model for Interrogating ROS-Mediated Pancreatic β-Cell Injury, Response, and Prevention. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2018; 2018:1324739. [PMID: 29785241 PMCID: PMC5896207 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1324739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that a chronic state of elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in pancreatic β-cells impairs their ability to release insulin in response to elevated plasma glucose. Moreover, at its extreme, unmitigated ROS drives regulated cell death. This dysfunctional state of ROS buildup can result both from genetic predisposition and environmental factors such as obesity and overnutrition. Importantly, excessive ROS buildup may underlie metabolic pathologies such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. The ability to monitor ROS dynamics in β-cells in situ and to manipulate it via genetic, pharmacological, and environmental means would accelerate the development of novel therapeutics that could abate this pathology. Currently, there is a lack of models with these attributes that are available to the field. In this study, we use a zebrafish model to demonstrate that ROS can be generated in a β-cell-specific manner using a hybrid chemical genetic approach. Using a transgenic nitroreductase-expressing zebrafish line, Tg(ins:Flag-NTR)s950 , treated with the prodrug metronidazole (MTZ), we found that ROS is rapidly and explicitly generated in β-cells. Furthermore, the level of ROS generated was proportional to the dosage of prodrug added to the system. At high doses of MTZ, caspase 3 was rapidly cleaved, β-cells underwent regulated cell death, and macrophages were recruited to the islet to phagocytose the debris. Based on our findings, we propose a model for the mechanism of NTR/MTZ action in transgenic eukaryotic cells and demonstrate the robust utility of this system to model ROS-related disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek A. Kulkarni
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Abass M. Conteh
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Cody A. Sorrell
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Anjali Mirmira
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sarah A. Tersey
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Raghavendra G. Mirmira
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Amelia K. Linnemann
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ryan M. Anderson
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Mulukutla SN, Tersey SA, Hampe CS, Mirmira RG, Balasubramanyam A. Elevated unmethylated and methylated insulin DNA are unique markers of A+β+ ketosis prone diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2018; 32:193-195. [PMID: 29175121 PMCID: PMC6170161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A+β+ ketosis prone diabetes (KPD) is associated with slowly progressive autoimmune beta cell destruction. Plasma unmethylated and methylated insulin DNA (biomarkers of ongoing beta cell damage and systemic inflammation, respectively) were elevated in A+β+ KPD compared to all other KPD subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya N Mulukutla
- Department of Medicine, Section of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Ashok Balasubramanyam
- Department of Medicine, Section of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Simons ZB, Morgan RC, Rose L, Nelson JB, Tersey SA, Mirmira RG. Hypoglycemia in a Patient With a Polyhormonal Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor With Evidence of Endocrine Progenitors. J Endocr Soc 2018; 2:172-177. [PMID: 29568813 PMCID: PMC5841169 DOI: 10.1210/js.2017-00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A 55-year-old woman with a large polyhormonal neuroendocrine tumor with unusual pathology is described. The patient presented with intermittent neuroglycopenic symptoms between more protracted asymptomatic periods occurring over the preceding 4 years. During a diagnostic 72-hour inpatient fast, she exhibited hypoglycemia at 70 hours after initiation. On computed tomography scan, a 6-cm mass was identified at the pancreatic head. The patient underwent a pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy, and pathology was positive for cells staining for pancreatic polypeptide, insulin, and occasional double hormone (insulin plus pancreatic polypeptide)-positive cells. In addition, the tumor exhibited broad staining for ALDH1A3, a new marker of endocrine progenitors. This case serves to highlight the clinical and pathologic variability of insulin-producing tumors and raises the potential for cells in these tumors to exhibit hormone interconversion and progenitor-like states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary B Simons
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Rachel C Morgan
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Laurel Rose
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Jennifer B Nelson
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202.,Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
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Samala N, Tersey SA, Chalasani N, Anderson RM, Mirmira RG. Molecular mechanisms of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Potential role for 12-lipoxygenase. J Diabetes Complications 2017; 31:1630-1637. [PMID: 28886991 PMCID: PMC5643240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of pathologies associated with fat accumulation in the liver. NAFLD is the most common cause of liver disease in the United States, affecting up to a third of the general population. It is commonly associated with features of metabolic syndrome, particularly insulin resistance. NAFLD shares the basic pathogenic mechanisms with obesity and insulin resistance, such as mitochondrial, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Lipoxygenases catalyze the conversion of poly-unsaturated fatty acids in the plasma membrane-mainly arachidonic acid and linoleic acid-to produce oxidized pro-inflammatory lipid intermediates. 12-Lipoxygenase (12-LOX) has been studied extensively in setting of inflammation and insulin resistance. As insulin resistance is closely associated with development of NAFLD, the role of 12-LOX in pathogenesis of NAFLD has received increasing attention in recent years. In this review we discuss the role of 12-LOX in NAFLD pathogenesis and its potential role in emerging new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Samala
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Naga Chalasani
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ryan M Anderson
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Hernandez-Perez M, Chopra G, Fine J, Conteh AM, Anderson RM, Linnemann AK, Benjamin C, Nelson JB, Benninger KS, Nadler JL, Maloney DJ, Tersey SA, Mirmira RG. Inhibition of 12/15-Lipoxygenase Protects Against β-Cell Oxidative Stress and Glycemic Deterioration in Mouse Models of Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2017; 66:2875-2887. [PMID: 28842399 PMCID: PMC5652601 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Islet β-cell dysfunction and aggressive macrophage activity are early features in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). 12/15-Lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX) is induced in β-cells and macrophages during T1D and produces proinflammatory lipids and lipid peroxides that exacerbate β-cell dysfunction and macrophage activity. Inhibition of 12/15-LOX provides a potential therapeutic approach to prevent glycemic deterioration in T1D. Two inhibitors recently identified by our groups through screening efforts, ML127 and ML351, have been shown to selectively target 12/15-LOX with high potency. Only ML351 exhibited no apparent toxicity across a range of concentrations in mouse islets, and molecular modeling has suggested reduced promiscuity of ML351 compared with ML127. In mouse islets, incubation with ML351 improved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in the presence of proinflammatory cytokines and triggered gene expression pathways responsive to oxidative stress and cell death. Consistent with a role for 12/15-LOX in promoting oxidative stress, its chemical inhibition reduced production of reactive oxygen species in both mouse and human islets in vitro. In a streptozotocin-induced model of T1D in mice, ML351 prevented the development of diabetes, with coincident enhancement of nuclear Nrf2 in islet cells, reduced β-cell oxidative stress, and preservation of β-cell mass. In the nonobese diabetic mouse model of T1D, administration of ML351 during the prediabetic phase prevented dysglycemia, reduced β-cell oxidative stress, and increased the proportion of anti-inflammatory macrophages in insulitis. The data provide the first evidence to date that small molecules that target 12/15-LOX can prevent progression of β-cell dysfunction and glycemic deterioration in models of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marimar Hernandez-Perez
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Gaurav Chopra
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery; Purdue Center for Cancer Research; Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease; and Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Jonathan Fine
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery; Purdue Center for Cancer Research; Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease; and Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Abass M. Conteh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ryan M. Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Amelia K. Linnemann
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Chanelle Benjamin
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Jennifer B. Nelson
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Kara S. Benninger
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Jerry L. Nadler
- Department of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
| | - David J. Maloney
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| | - Sarah A. Tersey
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Raghavendra G. Mirmira
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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Anjanappa M, Hao Y, Simpson ER, Bhat-Nakshatri P, Nelson JB, Tersey SA, Mirmira RG, Cohen-Gadol AA, Saadatzadeh MR, Li L, Fang F, Nephew KP, Miller KD, Liu Y, Nakshatri H. A system for detecting high impact-low frequency mutations in primary tumors and metastases. Oncogene 2017; 37:185-196. [PMID: 28892047 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumor complexity and intratumor heterogeneity contribute to subclonal diversity. Despite advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) and bioinformatics, detecting rare mutations in primary tumors and metastases contributing to subclonal diversity is a challenge for precision genomics. Here, in order to identify rare mutations, we adapted a recently described epithelial reprograming assay for short-term propagation of epithelial cells from primary and metastatic tumors. Using this approach, we expanded minor clones and obtained epithelial cell-specific DNA/RNA for quantitative NGS analysis. Comparative Ampliseq Comprehensive Cancer Panel sequence analyses were performed on DNA from unprocessed breast tumor and tumor cells propagated from the same tumor. We identified previously uncharacterized mutations present only in the cultured tumor cells, a subset of which has been reported in brain metastatic but not primary breast tumors. In addition, whole-genome sequencing identified mutations enriched in liver metastases of various cancers, including Notch pathway mutations/chromosomal inversions in 5/5 liver metastases, irrespective of cancer types. Mutations/rearrangements in FHIT, involved in purine metabolism, were detected in 4/5 liver metastases, and the same four liver metastases shared mutations in 32 genes, including mutations of different HLA-DR family members affecting OX40 signaling pathway, which could impact the immune response to metastatic cells. Pathway analyses of all mutated genes in liver metastases showed aberrant tumor necrosis factor and transforming growth factor signaling in metastatic cells. Epigenetic regulators including KMT2C/MLL3 and ARID1B, which are mutated in >50% of hepatocellular carcinomas, were also mutated in liver metastases. Thus, irrespective of cancer types, organ-specific metastases may share common genomic aberrations. Since recent studies show independent evolution of primary tumors and metastases and in most cases mutation burden is higher in metastases than primary tumors, the method described here may allow early detection of subclonal somatic alterations associated with metastatic progression and potentially identify therapeutically actionable, metastasis-specific genomic aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Anjanappa
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Y Hao
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - E R Simpson
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - P Bhat-Nakshatri
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - J B Nelson
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - S A Tersey
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - R G Mirmira
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - A A Cohen-Gadol
- Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - M R Saadatzadeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - L Li
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - F Fang
- Medical Science Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - K P Nephew
- Medical Science Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - K D Miller
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Y Liu
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - H Nakshatri
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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36
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Tersey SA, Nelson JB, Fisher MM, Mirmira RG. Measurement of Differentially Methylated INS DNA Species in Human Serum Samples as a Biomarker of Islet β Cell Death. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 28060259 DOI: 10.3791/54838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The death of islet β cells is thought to underlie the pathogenesis of virtually all forms of diabetes and to precede the development of frank hyperglycemia, especially in type 1 diabetes. The development of sensitive and reliable biomarkers of β cell death may allow for early therapeutic intervention to prevent or delay the development of diabetes. Recently, several groups including our own have reported that cell-free, differentially methylated DNA encoding preproinsulin (INS) in the circulation is correlated to β cell death in pre-type 1 diabetes and new-onset type 1 diabetes. Here, we present a step-by-step protocol using digital PCR for the measurement of cell-free INS DNA that is differentially methylated at cytosine at position -69 bp (relative to the transcriptional start site). We demonstrate that the assay can distinguish between methylated and unmethylated cytosine at position -69 bp, is linear across several orders of magnitude, provides absolute quantitation of DNA copy numbers, and can be applied to samples of human serum from individuals with new-onset type 1 diabetes and disease-free controls. The protocol described here can be adapted to any DNA species for which detection of differentially methylated cytosines is desired, whether from circulation or from isolated cells and tissues, and can provide absolute quantitation of DNA fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Tersey
- Department of Pediatrics, IU Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Jennifer B Nelson
- Department of Pediatrics, IU Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Marisa M Fisher
- Department of Pediartics, Omaha Children's Hospital and Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Department of Pediatrics, IU Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Indiana University School of Medicine; Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medicine, and Cellular and Integrative Physiology, IU Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Indiana University School of Medicine; Indiana Biosciences Research Institute;
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Maganti AV, Tersey SA, Syed F, Nelson JB, Colvin SC, Maier B, Mirmira RG. Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-γ Activation Augments the β-Cell Unfolded Protein Response and Rescues Early Glycemic Deterioration and β Cell Death in Non-obese Diabetic Mice. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:22524-22533. [PMID: 27613867 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.741694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder that is characterized by a failure of the unfolded protein response in islet β cells with subsequent endoplasmic reticulum stress and cellular death. Thiazolidinediones are insulin sensitizers that activate the nuclear receptor PPAR-γ and have been shown to partially ameliorate autoimmune type 1 diabetes in humans and non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. We hypothesized that thiazolidinediones reduce β cell stress and death independently of insulin sensitivity. To test this hypothesis, female NOD mice were administered pioglitazone during the pre-diabetic phase and assessed for insulin sensitivity and β cell function relative to controls. Pioglitazone-treated mice showed identical weight gain, body fat distribution, and insulin sensitivity compared with controls. However, treated mice showed significantly improved glucose tolerance with enhanced serum insulin levels, reduced β cell death, and increased β cell mass. The effect of pioglitazone was independent of actions on T cells, as pancreatic lymph node T cell populations were unaltered and T cell proliferation was unaffected by pioglitazone. Isolated islets of treated mice showed a more robust unfolded protein response, with increases in Bip and ATF4 and reductions in spliced Xbp1 mRNA. The effect of pioglitazone appears to be a direct action on β cells, as islets from mice treated with pioglitazone showed reductions in PPAR-γ (Ser-273) phosphorylation. Our results demonstrate that PPAR-γ activation directly improves β cell function and survival in NOD mice by enhancing the unfolded protein response and suggest that blockade of PPAR-γ (Ser-273) phosphorylation may prevent type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarthi V Maganti
- From the Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology.,Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases.,Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center
| | - Farooq Syed
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center
| | | | - Stephanie C Colvin
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases.,Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center
| | - Bernhard Maier
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases.,Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- From the Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, .,Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases.,Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center.,Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202 and.,Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
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38
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Villa SR, Priyadarshini M, Fuller MH, Bhardwaj T, Brodsky MR, Angueira AR, Mosser RE, Carboneau BA, Tersey SA, Mancebo H, Gilchrist A, Mirmira RG, Gannon M, Layden BT. Loss of Free Fatty Acid Receptor 2 leads to impaired islet mass and beta cell survival. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28159. [PMID: 27324831 PMCID: PMC4914960 DOI: 10.1038/srep28159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of pancreatic β cell mass is a critical factor to help maintain normoglycemia during insulin resistance. Nutrient-sensing G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) contribute to aspects of β cell function, including regulation of β cell mass. Nutrients such as free fatty acids (FFAs) contribute to precise regulation of β cell mass by signaling through cognate GPCRs, and considerable evidence suggests that circulating FFAs promote β cell expansion by direct and indirect mechanisms. Free Fatty Acid Receptor 2 (FFA2) is a β cell-expressed GPCR that is activated by short chain fatty acids, particularly acetate. Recent studies of FFA2 suggest that it may act as a regulator of β cell function. Here, we set out to explore what role FFA2 may play in regulation of β cell mass. Interestingly, Ffar2(-/-) mice exhibit diminished β cell mass at birth and throughout adulthood, and increased β cell death at adolescent time points, suggesting a role for FFA2 in establishment and maintenance of β cell mass. Additionally, activation of FFA2 with Gαq/11-biased agonists substantially increased β cell proliferation in in vitro and ex vivo proliferation assays. Collectively, these data suggest that FFA2 may be a novel therapeutic target to stimulate β cell growth and proliferation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Survival
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/metabolism
- Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism
- Humans
- Insulin Resistance
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Pancreas/pathology
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R. Villa
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Medha Priyadarshini
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Miles H. Fuller
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tanya Bhardwaj
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael R. Brodsky
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anthony R. Angueira
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rockann E. Mosser
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bethany A. Carboneau
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sarah A. Tersey
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Annette Gilchrist
- Midwestern University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Raghavendra G. Mirmira
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Nashville, TN, USA
- Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Brian T. Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Xiong X, Wang G, Tao R, Wu P, Kono T, Li K, Ding WX, Tong X, Tersey SA, Harris RA, Mirmira RG, Evans-Molina C, Dong XC. Sirtuin 6 regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in mouse pancreatic beta cells. Diabetologia 2016; 59:151-160. [PMID: 26471901 PMCID: PMC4792692 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3778-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) has been implicated in ageing, DNA repair and metabolism; however, its function in pancreatic beta cells is unclear. The aim of this study is to elucidate the role of SIRT6 in pancreatic beta cells. METHODS To investigate the function of SIRT6 in pancreatic beta cells, we performed Sirt6 gene knockdown in MIN6 cells and generated pancreatic- and beta cell-specific Sirt6 knockout mice. Islet morphology and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) were analysed. Glycolysis and oxygen consumption rates in SIRT6-deficient beta cells were measured. Cytosolic calcium was monitored using the Fura-2-AM fluorescent probe (Invitrogen, Grand Island, NY, USA). Mitochondria were analysed by immunoblots and electron microscopy. RESULTS Sirt6 knockdown in MIN6 beta cells led to a significant decrease in GSIS. Pancreatic beta cell Sirt6 knockout mice showed a ~50% decrease in GSIS. The knockout mouse islets had lower ATP levels compared with the wild-type controls. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates were significantly decreased in the SIRT6-deficient beta cells. Cytosolic calcium dynamics in response to glucose or potassium chloride were attenuated in the Sirt6 knockout islets. Numbers of damaged mitochondria were increased and mitochondrial complex levels were decreased in the SIRT6-deficient islets. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These data suggest that SIRT6 is important for GSIS from pancreatic beta cells and activation of SIRT6 may be useful to improve insulin secretion in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwen Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS1021D, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Gaihong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS1021D, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Rongya Tao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS1021D, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Pengfei Wu
- Richard Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tatsuyoshi Kono
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kevin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Robert A Harris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS1021D, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Richard Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Richard Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - X Charlie Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS1021D, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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40
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Fisher MM, Watkins RA, Blum J, Evans-Molina C, Chalasani N, DiMeglio LA, Mather KJ, Tersey SA, Mirmira RG. Elevations in Circulating Methylated and Unmethylated Preproinsulin DNA in New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2015; 64. [PMID: 26216854 PMCID: PMC4613977 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Elevated ratios of circulating unmethylated to methylated preproinsulin (INS) DNA have been suggested to reflect β-cell death in type 1 diabetes (T1D). We tested the hypothesis that absolute levels (rather than ratios) of unmethylated and methylated INS DNA differ between subjects with new-onset T1D and control subjects and assessed longitudinal changes in these parameters. We used droplet digital PCR to measure levels of unmethylated and methylated INS DNA in serum from subjects at T1D onset and at 8 weeks and 1 year post-onset. Compared with control subjects, levels of both unmethylated and methylated INS DNA were elevated at T1D onset. At 8 weeks post-onset, methylated INS DNA remained elevated, but unmethylated INS DNA fell. At 1 year postonset, both unmethylated and methylated INS DNA returned to control levels. Subjects with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and autoimmune hepatitis exhibited lower levels of unmethylated and methylated INS compared with subjects with T1D at onset and no differences compared with control subjects. Our study shows that elevations in both unmethylated and methylated INS DNA occurs in new-onset T1D and that levels of these DNA species change during T1D evolution. Our work emphasizes the need to consider absolute levels of differentially methylated DNA species as potential biomarkers of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa M Fisher
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Renecia A Watkins
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Janice Blum
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Naga Chalasani
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Linda A DiMeglio
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Kieren J Mather
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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41
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Tersey SA, Bolanis E, Holman TR, Maloney DJ, Nadler JL, Mirmira RG. Minireview: 12-Lipoxygenase and Islet β-Cell Dysfunction in Diabetes. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:791-800. [PMID: 25803446 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin producing islet β-cells have increasingly gained attention for their role in the pathogeneses of virtually all forms of diabetes. Dysfunction, de-differentiation, and/or death of β-cells are pivotal features in the transition from normoglycemia to hyperglycemia in both animal models of metabolic disease and humans. In both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, inflammation appears to be a central cause of β-cell derangements, and molecular pathways that modulate inflammation or the inflammatory response are felt to be prime targets of future diabetes therapy. The lipoxygenases (LOs) represent a class of enzymes that oxygenate cellular polyunsaturated fatty acids to produce inflammatory lipid intermediates that directly and indirectly affect cellular function and survival. The enzyme 12-LO is expressed in all metabolically active tissues, including pancreatic islets, and has received increasing attention for its role in promoting cellular inflammation in the setting of diabetes. Genetic deletion models of 12-LO in mice reveal striking protection from metabolic disease and its complications and an emerging body of literature has implicated its role in human disease. This review focuses on the evidence supporting the proinflammatory role of 12-LO as it relates to islet β-cells, and the potential for 12-LO inhibition as a future avenue for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Tersey
- Departments of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (S.A.T., R.G.M.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B., R.G.M.), Medicine (R.G.M.), and Cellular and Integrative Physiology (R.G.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (T.R.H.), University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (D.J.M.), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850; and Department of Medicine and the Strelitz Diabetes Center (J.L.N.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507
| | - Esther Bolanis
- Departments of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (S.A.T., R.G.M.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B., R.G.M.), Medicine (R.G.M.), and Cellular and Integrative Physiology (R.G.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (T.R.H.), University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (D.J.M.), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850; and Department of Medicine and the Strelitz Diabetes Center (J.L.N.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507
| | - Theodore R Holman
- Departments of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (S.A.T., R.G.M.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B., R.G.M.), Medicine (R.G.M.), and Cellular and Integrative Physiology (R.G.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (T.R.H.), University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (D.J.M.), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850; and Department of Medicine and the Strelitz Diabetes Center (J.L.N.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507
| | - David J Maloney
- Departments of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (S.A.T., R.G.M.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B., R.G.M.), Medicine (R.G.M.), and Cellular and Integrative Physiology (R.G.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (T.R.H.), University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (D.J.M.), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850; and Department of Medicine and the Strelitz Diabetes Center (J.L.N.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507
| | - Jerry L Nadler
- Departments of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (S.A.T., R.G.M.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B., R.G.M.), Medicine (R.G.M.), and Cellular and Integrative Physiology (R.G.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (T.R.H.), University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (D.J.M.), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850; and Department of Medicine and the Strelitz Diabetes Center (J.L.N.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Departments of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (S.A.T., R.G.M.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B., R.G.M.), Medicine (R.G.M.), and Cellular and Integrative Physiology (R.G.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (T.R.H.), University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (D.J.M.), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850; and Department of Medicine and the Strelitz Diabetes Center (J.L.N.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507
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Maganti AV, Maier B, Tersey SA, Sampley ML, Mosley AL, Özcan S, Pachaiyappan B, Woster PM, Hunter CS, Stein R, Mirmira RG. Transcriptional activity of the islet β cell factor Pdx1 is augmented by lysine methylation catalyzed by the methyltransferase Set7/9. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:9812-22. [PMID: 25713082 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.616219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Pdx1 is crucial to islet β cell function and regulates target genes in part through interaction with coregulatory factors. Set7/9 is a Lys methyltransferase that interacts with Pdx1. Here we tested the hypothesis that Lys methylation of Pdx1 by Set7/9 augments Pdx1 transcriptional activity. Using mass spectrometry and mutational analysis of purified proteins, we found that Set7/9 methylates the N-terminal residues Lys-123 and Lys-131 of Pdx1. Methylation of these residues occurred only in the context of intact, full-length Pdx1, suggesting a specific requirement of secondary and/or tertiary structural elements for catalysis by Set7/9. Immunoprecipitation assays and mass spectrometric analysis using β cells verified Lys methylation of endogenous Pdx1. Cell-based luciferase reporter assays using wild-type and mutant transgenes revealed a requirement of Pdx1 residue Lys-131, but not Lys-123, for transcriptional augmentation by Set7/9. Lys-131 was not required for high-affinity interactions with DNA in vitro, suggesting that its methylation likely enhances post-DNA binding events. To define the role of Set7/9 in β cell function, we generated mutant mice in which the gene encoding Set7/9 was conditionally deleted in β cells (Set(Δ)β). Set(Δ)β mice exhibited glucose intolerance similar to Pdx1-deficient mice, and their isolated islets showed impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion with reductions in expression of Pdx1 target genes. Our results suggest a previously unappreciated role for Set7/9-mediated methylation in the maintenance of Pdx1 activity and β cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernhard Maier
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research
| | - Megan L Sampley
- the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | | | - Sabire Özcan
- the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Boobalan Pachaiyappan
- the Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, and
| | - Patrick M Woster
- the Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, and
| | - Chad S Hunter
- the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Roland Stein
- the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- From the Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202,
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Templin AT, Maier B, Tersey SA, Hatanaka M, Mirmira RG. Maintenance of Pdx1 mRNA translation in islet β-cells during the unfolded protein response. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 28:1820-30. [PMID: 25251389 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In type 1 diabetes, proinflammatory cytokines secreted by infiltrating immune cells activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) in islet β-cells, which leads to attenuation of global mRNA translation. Under such conditions, privileged mRNAs required for adaptation to the prevailing stress are maintained in an actively translated state. Pdx1 is a β-cell transcription factor that is required for the adaptive UPR, but it is not known how translation of its mRNA is maintained under these conditions. To study translation, we established conditions in vitro with MIN6 cells and mouse islets and a mixture of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) that mimicked the UPR conditions seen in type 1 diabetes. Cell extracts were then subjected to polyribosome profiling to monitor changes to mRNA occupancy by ribosomes. Similar to other privileged mRNAs (Atf4 and Chop), Pdx1 mRNA remained partitioned in actively translating polyribosomes under the UPR, whereas the mRNA encoding a proinsulin-processing enzyme (Cpe) and others partitioned into inactively translating monoribosomes. Bicistronic luciferase reporter analyses revealed that the distal portion of the 5'-untranslated region of mouse Pdx1 (between bp -105 to -280) contained elements that promoted translation under both normal and UPR conditions, and this region exhibited conserved sequences and secondary structure similar to those of other known internal ribosome entry sites. Our findings suggest that Pdx1 protein levels are maintained in the setting of the UPR, in part, through elements in the 5'-untranslated region that confer privileged mRNA translation in a 5'-7-methylguanylate cap-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Templin
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology (A.T.T., R.G.M.), Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research (B.M., S.A.T., M.H., R.G.M.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (R.G.M.), and Department of Medicine (R.G.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
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44
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Tersey SA, Colvin SC, Maier B, Mirmira RG. Protective effects of polyamine depletion in mouse models of type 1 diabetes: implications for therapy. Amino Acids 2014; 46:633-42. [PMID: 23846959 PMCID: PMC3888834 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1560-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The underlying pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes involves autoimmune-mediated islet inflammation, leading to dysfunction and death of insulin-secreting islet β cells. Recent studies have shown that polyamines, which are essential for mRNA translation, cellular replication, and the formation of the hypusine modification of eIF5A may play an important role in the progression of cellular inflammation. To test a role for polyamines in type 1 diabetes pathogenesis, we administered the ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor difluoromethylornithine to two mouse models--the low-dose streptozotocin model and the NOD model--to deplete intracellular polyamines, and administered streptozotocin to a third model, which was haploinsufficient for the gene encoding the hypusination enzyme deoxyhypusine synthase. Subsequent development of diabetes and/or glucose intolerance was monitored. In the low-dose streptozotocin mouse model, continuous difluoromethylornithine administration dose-dependently reduced the incidence of hyperglycemia and led to the preservation of β cell area, whereas in the NOD mouse model of autoimmune diabetes difluoromethylornithine reduced diabetes incidence by 50%, preserved β cell area and insulin secretion, led to reductions in both islet inflammation and potentially diabetogenic Th17 cells in pancreatic lymph nodes. Difluoromethylornithine treatment reduced hypusinated eIF5A levels in both immune cells and islets. Animals haploinsufficient for the gene encoding deoxyhypusine synthase were partially protected from hyperglycemia induced by streptozotocin. Collectively, these studies suggest that interventions that interfere with polyamine biosynthesis and/or eIF5A hypusination may represent viable approaches in the treatment of diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Eflornithine/administration & dosage
- Female
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors/deficiency
- Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors/metabolism
- Peptide Initiation Factors/metabolism
- Polyamines/metabolism
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Streptozocin/administration & dosage
- Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 5A
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Tersey
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Stephanie C. Colvin
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Bernhard Maier
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Raghavendra G. Mirmira
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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45
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Sims EK, Hatanaka M, Morris DL, Tersey SA, Kono T, Chaudry ZZ, Day KH, Moss DR, Stull ND, Mirmira RG, Evans-Molina C. Divergent compensatory responses to high-fat diet between C57BL6/J and C57BLKS/J inbred mouse strains. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 305:E1495-511. [PMID: 24169046 PMCID: PMC3882376 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00366.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are polygenic disorders with complex pathophysiologies; recapitulating them with mouse models is challenging. Despite 70% genetic homology, C57BL/6J (BL6) and C57BLKS/J (BLKS) inbred mouse strains differ in response to diet- and genetic-induced obesity. We hypothesized these differences would yield insight into IGT and T2DM susceptibility and response to pharmacological therapies. To this end, male 8-wk-old BL6 and BLKS mice were fed normal chow (18% kcal from fat), high-fat diet (HFD; 42% kcal from fat), or HFD supplemented with the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone (PIO; 140 mg PIO/kg diet) for 16 wk. Assessments of body composition, glucose homeostasis, insulin production, and energy metabolism, as well as histological analyses of pancreata were undertaken. BL6 mice gained weight and adiposity in response to HFD, leading to peripheral insulin resistance that was met with increased β-cell proliferation and insulin production. By contrast, BLKS mice responded to HFD by restricting food intake and increasing activity. These behavioral responses limited weight gain and protected against HFD-induced glucose intolerance, which in this strain was primarily due to β-cell dysfunction. PIO treatment did not affect HFD-induced weight gain in BL6 mice, and decreased visceral fat mass, whereas in BLKS mice PIO increased total fat mass without improving visceral fat mass. Differences in these responses to HFD and effects of PIO reflect divergent human responses to a Western lifestyle and underscore the careful consideration needed when choosing mouse models of diet-induced obesity and diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Sims
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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46
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Colvin SC, Maier B, Morris DL, Tersey SA, Mirmira RG. Deoxyhypusine synthase promotes differentiation and proliferation of T helper type 1 (Th1) cells in autoimmune diabetes. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:36226-35. [PMID: 24196968 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.473942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In type 1 diabetes, cytokines arising from immune cells cause islet β cell dysfunction even before overt hyperglycemia. Deoxyhypusine synthase catalyzes the crucial hypusine modification of the factor eIF5A, which promotes the translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cytokine responses. Here, we tested the hypothesis that deoxyhypusine synthase and, secondarily, hypusinated eIF5A contribute to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes using the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model. Pre-diabetic NOD mice that received injections of the deoxyhypusine inhibitor N1-guanyl-1,7-diaminoheptane (GC7) demonstrated significantly improved glucose tolerance, more robust insulin secretion, and reduced insulitis compared with control animals. Analysis of tissues from treated mice revealed selective reductions in diabetogenic T helper type 1 (Th1) cells in the pancreatic lymph nodes, a primary site of antigen presentation. Isolated mouse CD90.2(+) splenocytes stimulated in vitro with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 and IL-2 to mimic autoimmune T cell activation exhibited proliferation and differentiation of CD4(+) T cell subsets (Th1, Th17, and Treg), but those treated with the deoxyhypusine synthase inhibitor GC7 showed a dose-dependent block in T cell proliferation with selective reduction in Th1 cells, similar to that observed in NOD mice. Inhibition of deoxyhypusine synthase blocked post-transcriptional expression of CD25, the high affinity IL-2 receptor α chain. Our results suggest a previously unrecognized role for deoxyhypusine synthase in promoting T cell proliferation and differentiation via regulation of CD25. Inhibition of deoxyhypusine synthase may provide a strategy for reducing diabetogenic Th1 cells and preserving β cell function in type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Colvin
- From the Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research and
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47
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Fisher MM, Perez Chumbiauca CN, Mather KJ, Mirmira RG, Tersey SA. Detection of islet β-cell death in vivo by multiplex PCR analysis of differentially methylated DNA. Endocrinology 2013; 154:3476-81. [PMID: 23825129 PMCID: PMC3749470 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive detection of early β-cell death in type 1 diabetes might identify individuals in whom therapeutic interventions would preserve β-cell mass and prevent hyperglycemia. Recent studies in mice have shown that β-cell death produces a corresponding increase in unmethylated preproinsulin (PPI) DNA in serum. Here, we report the development of a novel assay using dual fluorescent-probe multiplex PCR (TaqMan) to detect differential methylation of circulating PPI DNA. Key assay features include low background signals, linear assay output across a large range of values, and simultaneous detection of methylated and unmethylated PPI DNA in a single reaction. We defined the "unmethylation index" as a summary parameter that reflects the relative amounts of unmethylated vs methylated PPI DNA. To validate this assay's ability to detect β-cell death in vivo, we measured the unmethylation index in the serum of diabetic mouse models, including high- and multiple low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes, and the nonobese diabetic mouse model of type 1 diabetes. Our data show a significantly increased unmethylation index concordant with the known timeline of β-cell death that precedes the onset of hyperglycemia. Subsequently, we observed a decrease in the unmethylation index following diabetes development, likely reflecting the absence of further β-cell death in the pancreas. We conclude that simultaneous measurement of methylated and unmethylated PPI DNA using the multiplex PCR method described here is a readily available and sensitive indicator of dying β-cells that may be useful to track diabetes progression and response to therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa M Fisher
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
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48
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Cabrera SM, Colvin SC, Tersey SA, Maier B, Nadler JL, Mirmira RG. Effects of combination therapy with dipeptidyl peptidase-IV and histone deacetylase inhibitors in the non-obese diabetic mouse model of type 1 diabetes. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 172:375-82. [PMID: 23600825 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from T helper type 1 (Th1)-mediated autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing β cells. Novel experimental therapies for T1D target immunomodulation, β cell survival and inflammation. We examined combination therapy with the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor MK-626 and the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of T1D. We hypothesized that combination therapy would ameliorate T1D by providing protection from β cell inflammatory destruction while simultaneously shifting the immune response towards immune-tolerizing regulatory T cells (T(regs)). Although neither mono- nor combination therapies with MK-626 and vorinostat caused disease remission in diabetic NOD mice, the combination of MK-626 and vorinostat increased β cell area and reduced the mean insulitis score compared to diabetic control mice. In prediabetic NOD mice, MK-626 monotherapy resulted in improved glucose tolerance, a reduction in mean insulitis score and an increase in pancreatic lymph node T(reg) percentage, and combination therapy with MK-626 and vorinostat increased pancreatic lymph node T(reg) percentage. We conclude that neither single nor combination therapies using MK-626 and vorinostat induce diabetes remission in NOD mice, but combination therapy appears to have beneficial effects on β cell area, insulitis and T(reg) populations. Combinations of vorinostat and MK-626 may serve as beneficial adjunctive therapy in clinical trials for T1D prevention or remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Cabrera
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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49
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Green-Mitchell SM, Tersey SA, Cole BK, Ma K, Kuhn NS, Cunningham TD, Maybee NA, Chakrabarti SK, McDuffie M, Taylor-Fishwick DA, Mirmira RG, Nadler JL, Morris MA. Deletion of 12/15-lipoxygenase alters macrophage and islet function in NOD-Alox15(null) mice, leading to protection against type 1 diabetes development. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56763. [PMID: 23437231 PMCID: PMC3578926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by autoimmune depletion of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. We showed previously that deletion of the 12/15-lipoxygenase enzyme (12/15-LO, Alox15 gene) in NOD mice leads to nearly 100 percent protection from T1D. In this study, we test the hypothesis that cytokines involved in the IL-12/12/15-LO axis affect both macrophage and islet function, which contributes to the development of T1D. METHODS 12/15-LO expression was clarified in immune cells by qRT-PCR, and timing of expression was tested in islets using qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Expression of key proinflammatory cytokines and pancreatic transcription factors was studied in NOD and NOD-Alox15(null) macrophages and islets using qRT-PCR. The two mouse strains were also assessed for the ability of splenocytes to transfer diabetes in an adoptive transfer model, and beta cell mass. RESULTS 12/15-LO is expressed in macrophages, but not B and T cells of NOD mice. In macrophages, 12/15-LO deletion leads to decreased proinflammatory cytokine mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, splenocytes from NOD-Alox15(null) mice are unable to transfer diabetes in an adoptive transfer model. In islets, expression of 12/15-LO in NOD mice peaks at a crucial time during insulitis development. The absence of 12/15-LO results in maintenance of islet health with respect to measurements of islet-specific transcription factors, markers of islet health, proinflammatory cytokines, and beta cell mass. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that 12/15-LO affects islet and macrophage function, causing inflammation, and leading to autoimmunity and reduced beta cell mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamina M. Green-Mitchell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Sarah A. Tersey
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Banumathi K. Cole
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Kaiwen Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Norine S. Kuhn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Tina Duong Cunningham
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Nelly A. Maybee
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Swarup K. Chakrabarti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Marcia McDuffie
- Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - David A. Taylor-Fishwick
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Raghavendra G. Mirmira
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jerry L. Nadler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Margaret A. Morris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
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50
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Stull ND, Breite A, McCarthy R, Tersey SA, Mirmira RG. Mouse islet of Langerhans isolation using a combination of purified collagenase and neutral protease. J Vis Exp 2012:4137. [PMID: 22987198 PMCID: PMC3490250 DOI: 10.3791/4137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The interrogation of beta cell gene expression and function in vitro has squarely shifted over the years from the study of rodent tumorigenic cell lines to the study of isolated rodent islets. Primary islets offer the distinct advantage that they more faithfully reflect the biology of intracellular signaling pathways and secretory responses. Whereas the method of islet isolation using tissue dissociating enzyme (TDE) preparations has been well established in many laboratories1-4, variations in the consistency of islet yield and quality from any given rodent strain limit the extent and feasibility of primary islet studies. These variations often occur as a result of the crude partially purified TDEs used in the islet isolation procedure; TDEs frequently exhibit lot-to-lot variations in activity and often require adjustments to the dose of enzyme used. A small number of reports have used purified TDEs for rodent cell isolations5, 6, but the practice is not widespread despite the routine use and advantages of purified TDEs for human islet isolations. In collaboration with VitaCyte, LLC (Indianapolis, IN), we developed a modified mouse islet isolation protocol based on that described by Gotoh7, 8, in which the TDEs are perfused directly into the pancreatic duct of mice, followed by crude tissue fractionation through a Histopaque gradient9, and isolation of purified islets. A significant difference in our protocol is the use of purified collagenase (CIzyme MA) and neutral protease (CIzyme BP) combination. The collagenase was characterized by the use of a6 fluorescence collagen degrading activity (CDA) assay that utilized fluorescently labeled soluble calf skin fibrils as substrate6. This substrate is more predictive of the kinetics of collagen degradation in the tissue matrix because it relies on native collagen as the substrate. The protease was characterized with a sensitive fluorescent kinetic assay10. Utilizing these improved assays along with more traditional biochemical analysis enable the TDE to be manufactured more consistently, leading to improved performance consistency between lots. The protocol described in here was optimized for maximal islet yield and optimal islet morphology using C57BL/6 mice. During the development of this protocol, several combinations of collagenase and neutral proteases were evaluated at different concentrations, and the final ratio of collagenase:neutral protease of 35:10 represents enzyme performance comparable to Sigma Type XI. Because significant variability in average islet yields from different strains of rats and mice have been reported, additional modifications of the TDE composition should be made to improve the yield and quality of islets recovered from different species and strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie D Stull
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana, USA
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