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Hoseini SH, Enayati P, Nazari M, Babakhanzadeh E, Rastgoo M, Sohrabi NB. Biomarker Profile of Colorectal Cancer: Current Findings and Future Perspective. J Gastrointest Cancer 2024:10.1007/s12029-023-00990-9. [PMID: 38168859 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-023-00990-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Breakthroughs in omics technology have led to a deeper understanding of the fundamental molecular changes that play a critical role in the development and progression of cancer. This review delves into the hidden molecular drivers of colorectal cancer (CRC), offering potential for clinical translation through novel biomarkers and personalized therapies. METHODS We summarizes recent studies utilizing various omics approaches, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenomics, metabolomics and data integration with computational algorithms, to investigate CRC. RESULTS Integrating multi-omics data in colorectal cancer research unlocks hidden biological insights, revealing new pathways and mechanisms. This powerful approach not only identifies potential biomarkers for personalized prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment, but also predicts patient response to specific therapies, while computational tools illuminate the landscape by deciphering complex datasets. CONCLUSIONS Future research should prioritize validating promising biomarkers and seamlessly translating them into clinical practice, ultimately propelling personalized CRC management to new heights.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parisa Enayati
- Biological Sciences Department, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Majid Nazari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
- , P.O. Box, Tehran, 64155-65117, Iran.
| | - Emad Babakhanzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rastgoo
- Department of Microbiology, Shiraz Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
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Bagheri R, Ghorbian M, Ghorbian S. Tumor circulating biomarkers in colorectal cancer. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2023; 38:100787. [PMID: 38194840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2023.100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
CRC is a major global health concern and is responsible for a significant number of cancer-related deaths each year. The successful treatment of CRC becomes more difficult when it goes undetected until it has advanced to a later stage. Diagnostic biomarkers can play a critical role in the early detection of CRC, which leads to improved patient outcomes and increased survival rates. It is important to develop reliable biomarkers for the early detection of CRC to enable timely diagnosis and treatment. To date, CRC detection methods such as endoscopy, blood, and stool tests are imperfect and often only identify cases in the later stages of the disease. To overcome these limitations, researchers are turning to molecular biomarkers as a promising avenue for improving CRC detection. Diagnostic information can be provided more reliably through a noninvasive approach using biomarkers such as mRNA, circulating cell-free DNA, micro-RNA, long non-coding RNA, and proteins. These biomarkers can be found in blood, tissue, feces, and volatile organic compounds. The identification of molecular biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity for early detection of CRC that are safe, cost-effective, and easily measurable remains a significant challenge for researchers. In this article, we will explore the latest advancements in blood-based diagnostic biomarkers for CRC and their potential impact on improving patient survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raana Bagheri
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
| | - Mohsen Ghorbian
- Department of Computer Engineering, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
| | - Saeid Ghorbian
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran.
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3
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Nishiyama K, Nishinakamura H, Takeshima H, Yuyu L, Takeuchi C, Hattori N, Takeda H, Yamashita S, Wakabayashi M, Sato K, Obama K, Ushijima T. Mouse methylation profiles for leukocyte cell types, and estimation of leukocyte fractions in inflamed gastrointestinal DNA samples. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290034. [PMID: 37797047 PMCID: PMC10553802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise analysis of tissue DNA and RNA samples is often hampered by contaminating non-target cells whose amounts are highly variable. DNA methylation profiles are specific to cell types, and can be utilized for assessment of the fraction of such contaminating non-target cells. Here, we aimed 1) to identify methylation profiles specific to multiple types of mouse leukocytes, and 2) to estimate the fraction of leukocytes infiltrating inflamed tissues using DNA samples. First, genome-wide DNA methylation analysis was conducted for three myeloid-lineage cells and four lymphoid-lineage cells isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting after magnetic-activated cell sorting from leukocytes in the spleen. Clustering analysis using CpG sites within enhancers separated the three myeloid-lineage cells and four lymphoid-lineage cells while that using promoter CpG islands (TSS200CGIs) did not. Among the 266,108 CpG sites analyzed, one CpG site was specifically hypermethylated (β value ≥ 0.7) in B cells, and four, seven, 183, and 34 CpG sites were specifically hypomethylated (β value < 0.2) in CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, and NK cells, respectively. Importantly, cell type-specific hypomethylated CpG sites were located at genes involved in cell type-specific biological functions. Then, marker CpG sites to estimate the leukocyte fraction in a tissue with leukocyte infiltration were selected, and an estimation algorithm was established. The fractions of infiltrating leukocytes were estimated to be 1.6-12.4% in the stomach (n = 10) with Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation and 1.5-4.3% in the colon with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis (n = 4), and the fractions were highly correlated with those estimated histologically using Cd45-stained tissue sections [R = 0.811 (p = 0.004)]. These results showed that mouse methylation profiles at CpG sites within enhancers reflected leukocyte cell lineages, and the use of marker CpG sites successfully estimated the leukocyte fraction in inflamed gastric and colon tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Nishiyama
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Surgery, University of Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitomi Nishinakamura
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeshima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Epigenomics, Institute for Advanced Life Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Liu Yuyu
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Epigenomics, Institute for Advanced Life Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Takeuchi
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Epigenomics, Institute for Advanced Life Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Hattori
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Epigenomics, Institute for Advanced Life Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruna Takeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Life Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Mika Wakabayashi
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Epigenomics, Institute for Advanced Life Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotomi Sato
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Epigenomics, Institute for Advanced Life Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
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Alorda-Clara M, Reyes J, Trelles-Guzman MG, Florido M, Roca P, Pons DG, Oliver J. Isolation and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles in Human Bowel Lavage Fluid. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087391. [PMID: 37108550 PMCID: PMC10138310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and is detected in late stages because of a lack of early and specific biomarkers. Tumors can release extracellular vesicles (EVs), which participate in different functions, such as carrying nucleic acids to target cells; promoting angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis; and preparing an adequate tumor microenvironment. Finally, bowel lavage fluid (BLF) is a rarely used sample that is obtained during colonoscopy. It presents low variability and protein degradation, is easy to handle, and is representative of EVs from tumor cells due to proximity of the sample collection. This sample has potential as a research tool and possible biomarker source for CRC prognosis and monitoring. In this study, EVs were isolated from human BLF by ultracentrifugation, then characterized by transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. EV concentration was determined by nanoparticle tracking analysis, and tetraspanins were determined by Western blot, confirming correct EV isolation. RNA, DNA, and proteins were isolated from these EVs; RNA was used in real-time PCR, and proteins were used in an immunoblotting analysis, indicating that EV cargo is optimal for use and study. These results indicate that EVs from BLF can be a useful tool for CRC study and could be a source of biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Alorda-Clara
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Jose Reyes
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma, Spain
- Servicio Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Comarcal de Inca, E-07300 Inca, Spain
| | - Marita Grimanesa Trelles-Guzman
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma, Spain
- Servicio Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Comarcal de Inca, E-07300 Inca, Spain
| | - Monica Florido
- Servicio Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Comarcal de Inca, E-07300 Inca, Spain
| | - Pilar Roca
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Gabriel Pons
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Jordi Oliver
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
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MicroRNA Methylome Signature and Their Functional Roles in Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Chemoresistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137281. [PMID: 35806286 PMCID: PMC9266458 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite significant advances in the diagnostic services and patient care, several gaps remain to be addressed, from early detection, to identifying prognostic variables, effective treatment for the metastatic disease, and the implementation of tailored treatment strategies. MicroRNAs, the short non-coding RNA species, are deregulated in CRC and play a significant role in the occurrence and progression. Nevertheless, microRNA research has historically been based on expression levels to determine its biological significance. The exact mechanism underpinning microRNA deregulation in cancer has yet to be elucidated, but several studies have demonstrated that epigenetic mechanisms play important roles in the regulation of microRNA expression, particularly DNA methylation. However, the methylation profiles of microRNAs remain unknown in CRC patients. Methylation is the next major paradigm shift in cancer detection since large-scale epigenetic alterations are potentially better in identifying and classifying cancers at an earlier stage than somatic mutations. This review aims to provide insight into the current state of understanding of microRNA methylation in CRC. The new knowledge from this study can be utilized for personalized health diagnostics, disease prediction, and monitoring of treatment.
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Alorda-Clara M, Torrens-Mas M, Morla-Barcelo PM, Martinez-Bernabe T, Sastre-Serra J, Roca P, Pons DG, Oliver J, Reyes J. Use of Omics Technologies for the Detection of Colorectal Cancer Biomarkers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:817. [PMID: 35159084 PMCID: PMC8834235 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers with high mortality rates, especially when detected at later stages. Early detection of CRC can substantially raise the 5-year survival rate of patients, and different efforts are being put into developing enhanced CRC screening programs. Currently, the faecal immunochemical test with a follow-up colonoscopy is being implemented for CRC screening. However, there is still a medical need to describe biomarkers that help with CRC detection and monitor CRC patients. The use of omics techniques holds promise to detect new biomarkers for CRC. In this review, we discuss the use of omics in different types of samples, including breath, urine, stool, blood, bowel lavage fluid, or tumour tissue, and highlight some of the biomarkers that have been recently described with omics data. Finally, we also review the use of extracellular vesicles as an improved and promising instrument for biomarker detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Alorda-Clara
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (M.A.-C.); (M.T.-M.); (P.M.M.-B.); (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (P.R.); (D.G.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Margalida Torrens-Mas
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (M.A.-C.); (M.T.-M.); (P.M.M.-B.); (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (P.R.); (D.G.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Translational Research in Aging and Longevity (TRIAL) Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Pere Miquel Morla-Barcelo
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (M.A.-C.); (M.T.-M.); (P.M.M.-B.); (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (P.R.); (D.G.P.)
| | - Toni Martinez-Bernabe
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (M.A.-C.); (M.T.-M.); (P.M.M.-B.); (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (P.R.); (D.G.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Jorge Sastre-Serra
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (M.A.-C.); (M.T.-M.); (P.M.M.-B.); (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (P.R.); (D.G.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03) Instituto Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Roca
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (M.A.-C.); (M.T.-M.); (P.M.M.-B.); (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (P.R.); (D.G.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03) Instituto Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Gabriel Pons
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (M.A.-C.); (M.T.-M.); (P.M.M.-B.); (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (P.R.); (D.G.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Jordi Oliver
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (M.A.-C.); (M.T.-M.); (P.M.M.-B.); (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (P.R.); (D.G.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03) Instituto Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Reyes
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (M.A.-C.); (M.T.-M.); (P.M.M.-B.); (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (P.R.); (D.G.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Servicio Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Comarcal de Inca, E-07300 Inca, Illes Balears, Spain
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Niedermaier T, Balavarca Y, Gies A, Weigl K, Guo F, Alwers E, Hoffmeister M, Brenner H. Variation of Positive Predictive Values of Fecal Immunochemical Tests by Polygenic Risk Score in a Large Screening Cohort. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2022; 13:e00458. [PMID: 35060941 PMCID: PMC8963839 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prevalence of colorectal neoplasms varies by polygenic risk scores (PRS). We aimed to assess to what extent a PRS might be relevant for defining personalized cutoff values for fecal immunochemical tests (FITs) in colorectal cancer screening. METHODS Among 5,306 participants of screening colonoscopy who provided a stool sample for a quantitative FIT (Ridascreen Hemoglobin or FOB Gold) before colonoscopy, a PRS was determined, based on the number of risk alleles in 140 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Subjects were classified into low, medium, and high genetic risk of colorectal neoplasms according to PRS tertiles. We calculated positive predictive values (PPVs) and numbers needed to scope (NNS) to detect 1 advanced neoplasm (AN) by the risk group, and cutoff variation needed to achieve comparable PPVs across risk groups in the samples tested with Ridascreen (N = 1,271) and FOB Gold (N = 4,035) independently, using cutoffs yielding 85%, 90%, or 95% specificity. RESULTS Performance of both FITs was very similar within each PRS group. For a given cutoff, PPVs were consistently higher by 11%-15% units in the high-risk PRS group compared with the low-risk group (all P values < 0.05). Correspondingly, NNS to detect 1 advanced neoplasm varied from 2 (high PRS, high cutoff) to 5 (low PRS, low cutoff). Conversely, very different FIT cutoffs would be needed to ensure comparable PPVs across PRS groups. DISCUSSION PPVs and NNS of FITs varied widely across people with high and low genetic risk score. Further research should evaluate the relevance of these differences for personalized colorectal cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Niedermaier
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Yesilda Balavarca
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Anton Gies
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Korbinian Weigl
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Feng Guo
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Elizabeth Alwers
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany;
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany;
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Gachabayov M, Lebovics E, Rojas A, Felsenreich DM, Latifi R, Bergamaschi R. Performance evaluation of stool DNA methylation tests in colorectal cancer screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Colorectal Dis 2021; 23:1030-1042. [PMID: 33410272 DOI: 10.1111/codi.15521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM There is not sufficient evidence about whether stool DNA methylation tests allow prioritizing patients to colonoscopy. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there will be a wait-list for rescheduling colonoscopies once the mitigation is lifted. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the accuracy of stool DNA methylation tests in detecting colorectal cancer. METHODS The PubMed, Cochrane Library and MEDLINE via Ovid were searched. Studies reporting the accuracy (Sackett phase 2 or 3) of stool DNA methylation tests to detect sporadic colorectal cancer were included. The DerSimonian-Laird method with random-effects model was utilized for meta-analysis. RESULTS Forty-six studies totaling 16 149 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of all single genes and combinations was 62.7% (57.7%, 67.4%) and 91% (89.5%, 92.2%), respectively. Combinations of genes provided higher sensitivity compared to single genes (80.8% [75.1%, 85.4%] vs. 57.8% [52.3%, 63.1%]) with no significant decrease in specificity (87.8% [84.1%, 90.7%] vs. 92.1% [90.4%, 93.5%]). The most accurate single gene was found to be SDC2 with a sensitivity of 83.1% (72.6%, 90.2%) and a specificity of 91.2% (88.6%, 93.2%). CONCLUSIONS Stool DNA methylation tests have high specificity (92%) with relatively lower sensitivity (81%). Combining genes increases sensitivity compared to single gene tests. The single most accurate gene is SDC2, which should be considered for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahir Gachabayov
- Section of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Edward Lebovics
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Aram Rojas
- Section of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Daniel M Felsenreich
- Section of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Rifat Latifi
- Section of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Roberto Bergamaschi
- Section of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
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Bocchetti M, Ferraro MG, Ricciardiello F, Ottaiano A, Luce A, Cossu AM, Scrima M, Leung WY, Abate M, Stiuso P, Caraglia M, Zappavigna S, Yau TO. The Role of microRNAs in Development of Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083967. [PMID: 33921348 PMCID: PMC8068787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most deadly cancer worldwide, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is one of the critical factors in CRC carcinogenesis. IBD is responsible for an unphysiological and sustained chronic inflammation environment favoring the transformation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to a class of highly conserved short single-stranded segments (18-25 nucleotides) non-coding RNA and have been extensively discussed in both CRC and IBD. However, the role of miRNAs in the development of colitis-associated CRC (CAC) is less clear. The aim of this review is to summarize the major upregulated (miR-18a, miR-19a, miR-21, miR-31, miR-155 and miR-214) and downregulated (miR-124, miR-193a-3p and miR-139-5p) miRNAs in CAC, and their roles in genes' expression modulation in chronic colonic-inflammation-induced carcinogenesis, including programmed cell-death pathways. These miRNAs dysregulation could be applied for early CAC diagnosis, to predict therapy efficacy and for precision treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bocchetti
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (A.L.); (A.M.C.); (M.A.); (P.S.); (M.C.)
- Biogem Scarl, Molecular Oncology and Precision Medicine Laboratory, via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy;
| | - Maria Grazia Ferraro
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | | | - Alessandro Ottaiano
- SSD-Innovative Therapies for Abdominal Metastases, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Amalia Luce
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (A.L.); (A.M.C.); (M.A.); (P.S.); (M.C.)
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Alessia Maria Cossu
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (A.L.); (A.M.C.); (M.A.); (P.S.); (M.C.)
- Biogem Scarl, Molecular Oncology and Precision Medicine Laboratory, via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy;
| | - Marianna Scrima
- Biogem Scarl, Molecular Oncology and Precision Medicine Laboratory, via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy;
| | - Wing-Yan Leung
- Division of Haematology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Marianna Abate
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (A.L.); (A.M.C.); (M.A.); (P.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Paola Stiuso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (A.L.); (A.M.C.); (M.A.); (P.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (A.L.); (A.M.C.); (M.A.); (P.S.); (M.C.)
- Biogem Scarl, Molecular Oncology and Precision Medicine Laboratory, via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy;
| | - Silvia Zappavigna
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (A.L.); (A.M.C.); (M.A.); (P.S.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (T.O.Y.)
| | - Tung On Yau
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (T.O.Y.)
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Gregorova J, Vychytilova-Faltejskova P, Sevcikova S. Epigenetic Regulation of MicroRNA Clusters and Families during Tumor Development. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1333. [PMID: 33809566 PMCID: PMC8002357 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules regulating gene expression on a post-transcriptional level based on the seed sequence similarity. They are frequently clustered; thus, they are either simultaneously transcribed into a single polycistronic transcript or they may be transcribed independently. Importantly, microRNA families that contain the same seed region and thus target related signaling proteins, may be localized in one or more clusters, which are in a close relationship. MicroRNAs are involved in basic physiological processes, and their deregulation is associated with the origin of various pathologies, including solid tumors or hematologic malignancies. Recently, the interplay between the expression of microRNA clusters and families and epigenetic machinery was described, indicating aberrant DNA methylation or histone modifications as major mechanisms responsible for microRNA deregulation during cancerogenesis. In this review, the most studied microRNA clusters and families affected by hyper- or hypomethylation as well as by histone modifications are presented with the focus on particular mechanisms. Finally, the diagnostic and prognostic potential of microRNA clusters and families is discussed together with technologies currently used for epigenetic-based cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Gregorova
- Babak Myeloma Group, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Petra Vychytilova-Faltejskova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Sabina Sevcikova
- Babak Myeloma Group, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Department of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital Brno, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Favier A, Rocher G, Larsen AK, Delangle R, Uzan C, Sabbah M, Castela M, Duval A, Mehats C, Canlorbe G. MicroRNA as Epigenetic Modifiers in Endometrial Cancer: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051137. [PMID: 33800944 PMCID: PMC7961497 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Endometrial cancer (EC) is the 2nd most common gynecologic cancer worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that contribute to epigenetic regulation. The objective of this systematic review is to summarize our current knowledge on the role of miRNAs in the epigenetic deregulation of tumor-related genes in EC. It includes all miRNAs reported to be involved in EC including their roles in DNA methylation and RNA-associated silencing. This systematic review should be useful for development of novel strategies to improve diagnosis and risk assessment as well as for new treatments aimed at miRNAs, their target genes or DNA methylation. Abstract The objective of this systematic review is to summarize our current knowledge on the influence of miRNAs in the epigenetic deregulation of tumor-related genes in endometrial cancer (EC). We conducted a literature search on the role of miRNAs in the epigenetic regulation of EC applying the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The following terms were used: microRNA, miRNA, miR, endometrial cancer, endometrium, epigenetic, epimutation, hypermethylation, lynch, deacetylase, DICER, novel biomarker, histone, chromatin. The miRNAs were classified and are presented according to their function (tumor suppressor or onco-miRNA), their targets (when known), their expression levels in EC tissue vs the normal surrounding tissue, and the degree of DNA methylation in miRNA loci and CpG sites. Data were collected from 201 articles, including 190 original articles, published between November 1, 2008 and September 30, 2020 identifying 313 different miRNAs implicated in epigenetic regulation of EC. Overall, we identified a total of 148 miRNAs with decreased expression in EC, 140 miRNAs with increased expression in EC, and 22 miRNAs with discordant expression levels. The literature implicated different epigenetic phenomena including altered miRNA expression levels (miR-182, -230), changes in the methylation of miRNA loci (miR-34b, -129-2, -130a/b, -152, -200b, -625) and increased/decreased methylation of target genes (miR-30d,-191). This work provides an overview of all miRNAs reported to be involved in epigenetic regulation in EC including DNA methylation and RNA-associated silencing. These findings may contribute to novel strategies in diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatments aimed at miRNAs, their target genes or DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélia Favier
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), INSERM UMR_S_938, Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Sorbonne University, 75012 Paris, France; (A.K.L.); (C.U.); (M.S.)
- Department of Gynecological and Breast Surgery and Oncology, Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University Hospital, 75013 Paris, France; (G.R.); (R.D.)
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Equipe Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancer, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 938 and SIRIC CURAMUS, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France;
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (G.C.)
| | - Grégoire Rocher
- Department of Gynecological and Breast Surgery and Oncology, Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University Hospital, 75013 Paris, France; (G.R.); (R.D.)
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Equipe Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancer, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 938 and SIRIC CURAMUS, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France;
| | - Annette K. Larsen
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), INSERM UMR_S_938, Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Sorbonne University, 75012 Paris, France; (A.K.L.); (C.U.); (M.S.)
| | - Romain Delangle
- Department of Gynecological and Breast Surgery and Oncology, Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University Hospital, 75013 Paris, France; (G.R.); (R.D.)
| | - Catherine Uzan
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), INSERM UMR_S_938, Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Sorbonne University, 75012 Paris, France; (A.K.L.); (C.U.); (M.S.)
- Department of Gynecological and Breast Surgery and Oncology, Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University Hospital, 75013 Paris, France; (G.R.); (R.D.)
| | - Michèle Sabbah
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), INSERM UMR_S_938, Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Sorbonne University, 75012 Paris, France; (A.K.L.); (C.U.); (M.S.)
| | - Mathieu Castela
- Scarcell Therapeutics, 101 rue de Sèvres, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Alex Duval
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Equipe Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancer, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 938 and SIRIC CURAMUS, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France;
| | - Céline Mehats
- U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, Institut Cochin, INSERM, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France;
| | - Geoffroy Canlorbe
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), INSERM UMR_S_938, Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Sorbonne University, 75012 Paris, France; (A.K.L.); (C.U.); (M.S.)
- Department of Gynecological and Breast Surgery and Oncology, Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University Hospital, 75013 Paris, France; (G.R.); (R.D.)
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (G.C.)
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12
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Rodriguez-Casanova A, Costa-Fraga N, Bao-Caamano A, López-López R, Muinelo-Romay L, Diaz-Lagares A. Epigenetic Landscape of Liquid Biopsy in Colorectal Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:622459. [PMID: 33614651 PMCID: PMC7892964 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.622459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies and is a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Thus, there is a clinical need to improve early detection of CRC and personalize therapy for patients with this disease. In the era of precision oncology, liquid biopsy has emerged as a major approach to characterize the circulating tumor elements present in body fluids, including cell-free DNA and RNA, circulating tumor cells, and extracellular vesicles. This non-invasive tool has allowed the identification of relevant molecular alterations in CRC patients, including some indicating the disruption of epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic alterations found in solid and liquid biopsies have shown great utility as biomarkers for early detection, prognosis, monitoring, and evaluation of therapeutic response in CRC patients. Here, we summarize current knowledge of the most relevant epigenetic mechanisms associated with cancer development and progression, and the implications of their deregulation in cancer cells and liquid biopsy of CRC patients. In particular, we describe the methodologies used to analyze these epigenetic alterations in circulating tumor material, and we focus on the clinical utility of epigenetic marks in liquid biopsy as tumor biomarkers for CRC patients. We also discuss the great challenges and emerging opportunities of this field for the diagnosis and personalized management of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Rodriguez-Casanova
- Cancer Epigenomics Laboratory, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Nicolás Costa-Fraga
- Cancer Epigenomics Laboratory, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Aida Bao-Caamano
- Cancer Epigenomics Laboratory, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rafael López-López
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Muinelo-Romay
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angel Diaz-Lagares
- Cancer Epigenomics Laboratory, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
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13
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Loktionov A. Biomarkers for detecting colorectal cancer non-invasively: DNA, RNA or proteins? World J Gastrointest Oncol 2020; 12:124-148. [PMID: 32104546 PMCID: PMC7031146 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v12.i2.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global problem affecting millions of people worldwide. This disease is unique because of its slow progress that makes it preventable and often curable. CRC symptoms usually emerge only at advanced stages of the disease, consequently its early detection can be achieved only through active population screening, which markedly reduces mortality due to this cancer. CRC screening tests that employ non-invasively detectable biomarkers are currently being actively developed and, in most cases, samples of either stool or blood are used. However, alternative biological substances that can be collected non-invasively (colorectal mucus, urine, saliva, exhaled air) have now emerged as new sources of diagnostic biomarkers. The main categories of currently explored CRC biomarkers are: (1) Proteins (comprising widely used haemoglobin); (2) DNA (including mutations and methylation markers); (3) RNA (in particular microRNAs); (4) Low molecular weight metabolites (comprising volatile organic compounds) detectable by metabolomic techniques; and (5) Shifts in gut microbiome composition. Numerous tests for early CRC detection employing such non-invasive biomarkers have been proposed and clinically studied. While some of these studies generated promising early results, very few of the proposed tests have been transformed into clinically validated diagnostic/screening techniques. Such DNA-based tests as Food and Drug Administration-approved multitarget stool test (marketed as Cologuard®) or blood test for methylated septin 9 (marketed as Epi proColon® 2.0 CE) show good diagnostic performance but remain too expensive and technically complex to become effective CRC screening tools. It can be concluded that, despite its deficiencies, the protein (haemoglobin) detection-based faecal immunochemical test (FIT) today presents the most cost-effective option for non-invasive CRC screening. The combination of non-invasive FIT and confirmatory invasive colonoscopy is the current strategy of choice for CRC screening. However, continuing intense research in the area promises the emergence of new superior non-invasive CRC screening tests that will allow the development of improved disease prevention strategies.
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Tang L, Liou YL, Wan ZR, Tang J, Zhou Y, Zhuang W, Wang G. Aberrant DNA methylation of PAX1, SOX1 and ZNF582 genes as potential biomarkers for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109488. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Whole-blood DNA Methylation Markers for Risk Stratification in Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070912. [PMID: 31261771 PMCID: PMC6678372 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation profiles within whole-blood samples have been reported to be associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) occurrence and might enable risk stratification for CRC. We systematically reviewed and summarized studies addressing the association of whole-blood DNA methylation markers and risk of developing CRC or its precursors. We searched PubMed and ISI Web of Knowledge to identify relevant studies published until 12th November 2018. Two reviewers independently extracted data on study population characteristics, candidate genes, methylation measurement methods, methylation levels of patients in comparison to healthy controls, p-values, and odds ratios of the markers. Overall, 19 studies reporting 102 methylation markers for risk assessment of colorectal neoplasms met our inclusion criteria. The studies mostly used Methylation Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (MS-PCR) for assessing the methylation status of a defined set of genes. Only two studies applied array-based genome-wide assays to assess the methylation levels. Five studies incorporated panels consisting of 2–10 individual methylation markers to assess their potential for stratifying the risk of developing colorectal neoplasms. However, none of these associations was confirmed in an independent cohort. In conclusion, whole-blood DNA methylation markers may be useful as biomarkers for risk stratification in CRC screening, but reproducible risk prediction algorithms are yet to be established by large scale epigenome-wide studies with thorough validation of results in prospective study cohorts including large screening populations. The possibilities of enhancing predictive power by combining methylation data with polygenetic risk scores and environmental risk factors need to be explored.
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Park YS, Kim DS, Cho SW, Park JW, Jeon SJ, Moon TJ, Kim SH, Son BK, Oh TJ, An S, Kim JH, Chae JD. Analysis of Syndecan-2 Methylation in Bowel Lavage Fluid for the Detection of Colorectal Neoplasm. Gut Liver 2019; 12:508-515. [PMID: 29730903 PMCID: PMC6143447 DOI: 10.5009/gnl17357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Syndecan-2 (SDC2) methylation was previously reported as a sensitive serologic biomarker for the early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether SDC2 methylation is detectable in precancerous lesions and to determine the feasibility of using SDC2 methylation for the detection of CRC and precancerous lesions in bowel lavage fluid (BLF). Methods A total of 190 BLF samples were collected from the rectum at the beginning of colonoscopy from patients with colorectal neoplasm and healthy normal individuals. Fourteen polypectomy specimens were obtained during colonoscopy. A bisulfite pyrosequencing assay and quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction were conducted to measure SDC2 methylation in tissues and BLF DNA. Results SDC2 methylation was positive in 100% of villous adenoma (VA) and high-grade dysplasia, and hyperplastic polyp samples; 88.9% of tubular adenoma samples; and 0% of normal mucosa samples. In the BLF DNA test forSDC2 methylation, the sensitivity for detecting CRC and VA was 80.0% and 64.7%, respectively, at a specificity of 88.9%. The BLF of patients with multiple tubular adenomas, single tubular adenoma and hyperplastic polyps showed 62.8%, 26.7% and 28.6% rates of methylation-positive SDC2, respectively. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that SDC2 methylation was a frequent event in precancerous lesions and showed high potential in BLF for detecting patients with colorectal neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sook Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Shin Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Woo Cho
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Won Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Jin Jeon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Ju Moon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Hwan Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung Kwan Son
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Jeong Hwan Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Don Chae
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Liu R, Su X, Long Y, Zhou D, Zhang X, Ye Z, Ma J, Tang T, Wang F, He C. A systematic review and quantitative assessment of methylation biomarkers in fecal DNA and colorectal cancer and its precursor, colorectal adenoma. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 779:45-57. [PMID: 31097151 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) arises from accumulated genetic and epigenetic alterations, which provide the possibility to identify tumor-specific biomarkers by analyzing fecal DNA. Methylation status in human genes from tumor tissue is highlighted as promising biomarker in the early detection of CRC. A number of studies have documented altered methylation levels in DNA extracted from stool samples, but generated heterogeneous results. We performed a systematic review and quantitative assessment of existing studies to compare levels of DNA methylation in most frequently studied genes and their diagnostic value in CRC and its precursor, colorectal adenoma, with their counterparts in healthy subjects. Robust searches of the literature were performed in our study with explicit strategies and definite inclusion/exclusion criteria. Pooled data revealed that methylation levels of SFRP2, SFRP1, TFPI2, BMP3, NDRG4, SPG20, and BMP3 plus NDRG4 genes exceeded a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 80% for CRC detection. The DOR of the seven candidate biomarkers ranged from 19.80 to 334.33, indicating a good diagnostic power in discriminating cancer from normal tissues. The AUC range was from 0.88 to 0.95, indicating a good or very good discriminatory performance. When test results for BMP3 and NDRG4 were combined, the DOR of CRC detection was 98.36, which was higher than that for BMP3 and NDRG4 separately. As for adenoma detection, the DOR of methylated NDRG4 is higher than that for CRC (CRC vs. adenoma: 54.86 vs. 57.22). Both the sensitivity and specificity of NDRG4 for adenoma detection exceeded 70%. These findings demonstrate the eligibility and feasibility of DNA methylation as a minimally invasive biomarker in feces in the diagnosis of CRC and adenoma. The use of DNA from human stools has the potential to be readily applicable to detect aberrant DNA methylation levels among many subjects for CRC early screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongbin Liu
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Su
- Department of Head and Neck, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, China
| | - Yakang Long
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dalei Zhou
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zulu Ye
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangjun Ma
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Caiyun He
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Zhang W, Chen JH, Shan T, Aguilera-Barrantes I, Wang LS, Huang THM, Rader JS, Sheng X, Huang YW. miR-137 is a tumor suppressor in endometrial cancer and is repressed by DNA hypermethylation. J Transl Med 2018; 98:1397-1407. [PMID: 29955087 PMCID: PMC6214735 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological cancer in the United States. We wanted to identify epigenetic aberrations involving microRNAs (miRNAs), whose genes become hypermethylated in endometrial primary tumors. By integrating known miRNA sequences from the miRNA database (miRBase) with DNA methylation data from methyl-CpG-capture sequencing, we identified 111 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) associated with CpG islands (CGIs) and miRNAs. Among them, 22 DMRs related to 29 miRNAs and within 8 kb of CGIs were hypermethylated in endometrial tumors but not in normal endometrium. miR-137 was further validated in additional endometrial primary tumors. Hypermethylation of miR-137 was found in both endometrioid and serous endometrial cancer (P < 0.01), and it led to the loss of miR-137 expression. Treating hypermethylated endometrial cancer cells with epigenetic inhibitors reactivated miR-137. Moreover, genetic overexpression of miR-137 suppressed cancer cell proliferation and colony formation in vitro. When transfected cancer cells were implanted into nude mice, the cells that overexpressed miR-137 grew more slowly and formed smaller tumors (P < 0.05) than vector transfectants. Histologically, xenograft tumors from cancer cells expressing miR-137 were less proliferative (P < 0.05), partly due to inhibition of EZH2 and LSD1 expression (P < 0.01) in both the transfected cancer cells and tumors. Reporter assays indicated that miR-137 targets EZH2 and LSD1. These results suggest that miR-137 is a tumor suppressor that is repressed in endometrial cancer because the promoter of its gene becomes hypermethylated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Shandong Provincial Cancer Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jo-Hsin Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Tianjiao Shan
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Shandong Provincial Cancer Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Li-Shu Wang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Tim Hui-Ming Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, and Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Janet S. Rader
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Xiugui Sheng
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Shandong Provincial Cancer Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen Center, Chaoyang Qu, Beijing Shi, China.
| | - Yi-Wen Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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19
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Hu H, Wang T, Pan R, Yang Y, Li B, Zhou C, Zhao J, Huang Y, Duan S. Hypermethylated Promoters of Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein Genes are Associated with Colorectal Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 25:567-575. [PMID: 30368728 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0505-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Aberrant DNA methylation has been recognized as one of the most common molecular alterations in CRC. The goal of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of SFRP1 and SFRP2 methylation for CRC. A total of 80 pairs of CRC patients were recruited to test the association of SFRP1 and SFRP2 promotor methylation with CRC. Methylation assay was performed using quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (qMSP) method. In this study, we found the methylation levels of SFRP1 and SFRP2 in CRC tumor tissues were significantly higher than those in the adjacent non-tumor tissues (SFRP1: P = 2E-5; SFRP2: P = 0.014). Further bioinformatics analysis of TCGA data confirmed the association of the two genes with CRC (SFRP1: P = 7E-21; SFRP2: P = 5E-24). Luciferase reporter gene assay showed that the recombinant plasmids with SFRP1 and SFRP2 fragments could significantly enhance promoter activity (SFRP1: P = 0.002; SFRP2: P = 0.004). In addition, SFRP1 and SFRP2 methylation were inversely correlated with the mRNA expression displayed by TCGA data mining (SFRP1: r = -0.432, P = 4E-11; SFRP2: r = -0.478, P = 1E-13). GEO data analysis indicated that SFRP1 and SFRP2 expression were increased in three CRC cell lines (COLO320, HCT116 and HT29) after 5'-AZA-deoxycytidine treatment, suggesting that DNA methylation played an important role in regulating gene expression of the two genes. Our results confirmed that promoter methylation of SFRP1 and SFRP2 contributed to the risk of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochang Hu
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tiangong Wang
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ranran Pan
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Li
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cong Zhou
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery of Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
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20
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Hibner G, Kimsa-Furdzik M, Francuz T. Relevance of MicroRNAs as Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102944. [PMID: 30262723 PMCID: PMC6213499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is currently the third and the second most common cancer in men and in women, respectively. Every year, more than one million new CRC cases and more than half a million deaths are reported worldwide. The majority of new cases occur in developed countries. Current screening methods have significant limitations. Therefore, a lot of scientific effort is put into the development of new diagnostic biomarkers of CRC. Currently used prognostic markers are also limited in assessing the effectiveness of CRC therapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a promising subject of research especially since single miRNA can recognize a variety of different mRNA transcripts. MiRNAs have important roles in epigenetic regulation of basic cellular processes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and migration, and may serve as potential oncogenes or tumor suppressors during cancer development. Indeed, in a large variety of human tumors, including CRC, significant distortions in miRNA expression profiles have been observed. Thus, the use of miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cancer, particularly in CRC, appears to be an inevitable consequence of the advancement in oncology and gastroenterology. Here, we review the literature to discuss the potential usefulness of selected miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Hibner
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, St. Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Kimsa-Furdzik
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, St. Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Francuz
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, St. Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
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21
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DNA methylation marker to estimate the breast cancer cell fraction in DNA samples. Med Oncol 2018; 35:147. [PMID: 30218172 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-018-1207-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Estimation of the cancer cell fraction in breast cancer tissue is important for exclusion of samples unsuitable for multigene prognostic assays and a variety of molecular analyses for research. Here, we aimed to establish a breast cancer cell fraction marker based on DNA methylation. First, we screened genes unmethylated in non-cancerous mammary tissues and methylated in breast cancer tissues using microarray data from the TCGA database, and isolated 12 genes. Among them, four genes were selected as candidate marker genes without a high incidence of copy number alterations and with broad coverage across patients. Bisulfite pyrosequencing analysis of additional breast cancer biopsy specimens purified by laser capture microdissection (LCM) excluded two genes, and a combination of SIM1 and CCDC181 was finally selected as a fraction marker. In further additional specimens without LCM purification, the fraction marker was substantially methylated (≥ 20%) with high incidence (50/51). The cancer cell fraction estimated by the fraction marker was significantly correlated with that estimated by microscopic examination (p < 0.0001). Performance of a previously established marker, HSD17B4 methylation, which predicts therapeutic response of HER2-positive breast cancer to trastuzumab, was improved after the correction of cancer cell fraction by the fraction marker. In conclusion, we successfully established a breast cancer cell fraction marker based on DNA methylation.
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22
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Molnár B, Galamb O, Péterfia B, Wichmann B, Csabai I, Bodor A, Kalmár A, Szigeti KA, Barták BK, Nagy ZB, Valcz G, Patai ÁV, Igaz P, Tulassay Z. Gene promoter and exon DNA methylation changes in colon cancer development - mRNA expression and tumor mutation alterations. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:695. [PMID: 29945573 PMCID: PMC6020382 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4609-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA mutations occur randomly and sporadically in growth-related genes, mostly on cytosines. Demethylation of cytosines may lead to genetic instability through spontaneous deamination. Aims were whole genome methylation and targeted mutation analysis of colorectal cancer (CRC)-related genes and mRNA expression analysis of TP53 pathway genes. Methods Long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) BS-PCR followed by pyrosequencing was performed for the estimation of global DNA metlyation levels along the colorectal normal-adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Methyl capture sequencing was done on 6 normal adjacent (NAT), 15 adenomatous (AD) and 9 CRC tissues. Overall quantitative methylation analysis, selection of top hyper/hypomethylated genes, methylation analysis on mutation regions and TP53 pathway gene promoters were performed. Mutations of 12 CRC-related genes (APC, BRAF, CTNNB1, EGFR, FBXW7, KRAS, NRAS, MSH6, PIK3CA, SMAD2, SMAD4, TP53) were evaluated. mRNA expression of TP53 pathway genes was also analyzed. Results According to the LINE-1 methylation results, overall hypomethylation was observed along the normal-adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Within top50 differential methylated regions (DMRs), in AD-N comparison TP73, NGFR, PDGFRA genes were hypermethylated, FMN1, SLC16A7 genes were hypomethylated. In CRC-N comparison DKK2, SDC2, SOX1 genes showed hypermethylation, while ERBB4, CREB5, CNTN1 genes were hypomethylated. In certain mutation hot spot regions significant DNA methylation alterations were detected. The TP53 gene body was addressed by hypermethylation in adenomas. APC, TP53 and KRAS mutations were found in 30, 15, 21% of adenomas, and in 29, 53, 29% of CRCs, respectively. mRNA expression changes were observed in several TP53 pathway genes showing promoter methylation alterations. Conclusions DNA methylation with consecutive phenotypic effect can be observed in a high number of promoter and gene body regions through CRC development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4609-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béla Molnár
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary. .,2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary.
| | - Orsolya Galamb
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Bálint Péterfia
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Barnabás Wichmann
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - István Csabai
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - András Bodor
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary.,Institute of Mathematics and Informatics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Kalmár
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Andrea Szigeti
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Barbara Kinga Barták
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Brigitta Nagy
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Gábor Valcz
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Árpád V Patai
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Péter Igaz
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary.,2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Tulassay
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary.,2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
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23
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the changes in the promoter methylation and gene expression of multiple Wnt antagonists between the chronic infection and eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in gastric carcinogenesis. METHODS The levels of methylation and corresponding mRNA expression of seven Wnt antagonist genes (SFRP1, -2, -5, DKK1, -2, -3, WIF1) were compared among the patients with H. pylori-positive gastric cancers (GCs), and H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative controls, by quantitative MethyLight assay and real-time reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. The changes of the methylation and expression levels of the genes were also compared between the H. pylori eradication and H. pylori-persistent groups 1 year after endoscopic resection of GCs. RESULTS The methylation levels of SFRP and DKK family genes were significantly increased in the patients with H. pylori-positive GCs and followed by H. pylori-positive controls compared with H. pylori-negative controls (P < 0.001). SFRP1, -2, and DKK3 gene expression was stepwise downregulated from H. pylori-negative controls, H. pylori-positive controls, and to H. pylori-positive GCs (P < 0.05). Among the Wnt antagonists, only the degrees of methylation and downregulation of DKK3 were significantly reduced after H. pylori eradication (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Epigenetic silencing of SFRP and DKK family genes may facilitate the formation of an epigenetic field during H. pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis. The epigenetic field may not be reversed even after H. pylori eradication except by DKK3 methylation.
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24
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Vincent KM, Postovit LM. Matricellular proteins in cancer: a focus on secreted Frizzled-related proteins. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 12:103-112. [PMID: 28589318 PMCID: PMC5842174 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0398-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumours are complex entities, wherein cancer cells interact with myriad soluble, insoluble and cell associated factors. These microenvironmental mediators regulate tumour growth, progression and metastasis, and are produced by cancer cells and by stromal components such as fibroblast, adipocytes and immune cells. Through their ability to bind to extracellular matrix proteins, cell surface receptors and growth factors, matricellular proteins enable a dynamic reciprocity between cancer cells and their microenvironment. Hence, matricellular proteins play a critical role in tumour progression by regulating where and when cancer cells are exposed to key growth factors and regulatory proteins. Recent studies suggest that, in addition to altering Wingless (Wnt) signalling, certain members of the Secreted Frizzled Related Protein (sFRP) family are matricellular in nature. In this review, we outline the importance of matricellular proteins in cancer, and discuss how sFRPs may function to both inhibit and promote cancer progression in a context-dependent manner. By considering the matricellular functionality of sFRPs, we may better understand their apparently paradoxical roles in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Marie Vincent
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 114th St and 87th Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 3K7 Canada
| | - Lynne-Marie Postovit
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 114th St and 87th Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
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25
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Toiyama Y, Okugawa Y, Tanaka K, Araki T, Uchida K, Hishida A, Uchino M, Ikeuchi H, Hirota S, Kusunoki M, Boland CR, Goel A. A Panel of Methylated MicroRNA Biomarkers for Identifying High-Risk Patients With Ulcerative Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterology 2017; 153:1634-1646.e8. [PMID: 28847750 PMCID: PMC5748293 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Methylation of specific microRNAs (miRNAs) often occurs in an age-dependent manner, as a field defect in some instances, and may be an early event in colitis-associated carcinogenesis. We aimed to determine whether specific mRNA signature patterns (MIR1, MIR9, MIR124, MIR137, MIR34B/C) could be used to identify patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) who are at increased risk for colorectal neoplasia. METHODS We obtained 387 colorectal tissue specimens collected from 238 patients with UC (152 without neoplasia, 17 with dysplasia, and 69 with UC-associated colorectal cancer [UC-CRC]), from 2 independent cohorts in Japan between 2005 and 2015. We quantified methylation of miRNAs by bisulfite pyrosequencing analysis. We analyzed clinical data to determine whether miRNA methylation patterns were associated with age, location, or segment of the colorectum (cecum, transverse colon, and rectum). Differences in tissue miRNA methylation and expression levels were compared among samples and associated with cancer risk using the Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests as appropriate. We performed a validation study of samples from 90 patients without UC and 61 patients with UC-associated dysplasia or cancer to confirm the association between specific methylation patterns of miRNAs in non-tumor rectal mucosa from patients with UC at risk of UC-CRC. RESULTS Among patients with UC without neoplasia, rectal tissues had significantly higher levels of methylation levels of MIR1, MIR9, MIR124, and MIR137 than in proximal mucosa; levels of methylation were associated with age and duration of UC in rectal mucosa. Methylation of all miRNAs was significantly higher in samples from patients with dysplasia or CRC compared with samples from patients without neoplasia. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that methylation levels of miRNAs in rectal mucosa accurately differentiated patients with CRC from those without. Methylation of MIR137 in rectal mucosa was an independent risk factor for UC-CRC. Methylation patterns of a set of miRNAs (panel) could discriminate discriminate UC patients with or without dysplasia or CRC in the evaluation cohort (area under the curve, 0.81) and the validation cohort (area under the curve, 0.78). CONCLUSIONS In evaluation and validation cohorts, we found specific miRNAs to be methylated in rectal mucosal samples from patients with UC with dysplasia or CRC compared with patients without neoplasms. This pattern also associated with patient age and might be used to identify patients with UC at greatest risk for developing UC-CRC. Our findings provide evidence for a field defect in rectal mucosa from patients with UC-CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Toiyama
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor Research Institute and Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas,Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - Yoshinaga Okugawa
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor Research Institute and Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas,Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Araki
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - Keiichi Uchida
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - Asahi Hishida
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Motoi Uchino
- Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ikeuchi
- Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Seiichi Hirota
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masato Kusunoki
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - C. Richard Boland
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor Research Institute and Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas,School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor Research Institute and Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
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26
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Cheng SJ, Chang CF, Ko HH, Liu YC, Peng HH, Wang HJ, Lin HS, Chiang CP. Hypermethylated ZNF582 and PAX1 genes in oral scrapings collected from cancer-adjacent normal oral mucosal sites are associated with aggressive progression and poor prognosis of oral cancer. Oral Oncol 2017; 75:169-177. [PMID: 29224816 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed whether hypermethylated ZNF582 and PAX1 genes in oral scrapings are correlated with the progression and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Methylation levels of ZNF582 and PAX1 genes in oral scrapings, collected from the cancer and adjacent normal oral mucosal sites of 80 OSCC patients before surgical cancer excision, were quantified using real-time methylation-specific PCR after bisulfite conversion. RESULTS Both the mean methylation (M)-indices of ZNF582 and PAX1 genes in oral scrapings were significantly higher at the cancer sites than at the adjacent normal oral mucosal sites (both P < .001). In the oral scrapings collected from the adjacent normal oral mucosal sites, the higher M-index of methylated ZNF582 (ZNF582m) was significantly correlated with a more advanced clinical stage (P = .04). Moreover, the higher M-index of methylated PAX1 (PAX1m) was significantly related to larger tumor size (P = .046). When the 80 OSCC patients were classified based on gene methylation tests, using the oral scrapings collected from the adjacent normal oral mucosal sites, we found a significantly shorter 3-year overall survival in ZNF582m-positive, PAX1m-positive, and ZNF582m/PAX1m-positive OSCC patients than in ZNF582m-negative (P = .02), PAX1m-negative (P = .04), and ZNF582m/PAX1m-negative OSCC patients (P = .02), respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analyses identified ZNF582m and ZNF582m/PAX1m as independent unfavorable prognostic factors. CONCLUSION Hypermethylated ZNF582 and PAX1 genes in the oral scrapings collected from adjacent normal oral mucosal sites rather than cancer sites are associated with aggressive progression and poor prognosis of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Jung Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Feng Chang
- iStat Biomedical Co., Ltd, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Academia-Industry Bridging Program (AIBP), National Research Program for Bio-pharmaceuticals, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hsin Ko
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hui Peng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Chun-Pin Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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27
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Huang J, Tan ZR, Yu J, Li H, Lv QL, Shao YY, Zhou HH. DNA hypermethylated status and gene expression of PAX1/ SOX1 in patients with colorectal carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:4739-4751. [PMID: 29033587 PMCID: PMC5628670 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s143389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a widespread and aggressive carcinoma with poor prognosis. Hypermethylation of specific gene promoters is an important mechanism of CRC. In this study, we investigated the hypermethylation of paired boxed gene 1 (PAX1) and sex-determining region Y-related high-mobility group box 1 (SOX1) genes in CRC tissues. Methods DNA methylation at cg2,09,07,471 PAX1 and cg0,66,75,478 SOX1 from 166 cancer tissues and 37 normal tissues from CRC patients were compared using datasets downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and assay of PAX1 and SOX1 were performed in dissected tumor and paracancerous tissues by surgery from 41 CRC patients. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry assay were performed in both CRC and paired normal tissues to detect mRNA and protein expression, respectively. Results Methylation levels of PAX1/SOX1 genes were significantly higher in cancer tissues than in paired normal tissues. PAX1 and SOX1 genes were methylated in 28 (68.3%) of the 41 CRC samples but in 5 (12.2%) and 0 (0%) of the paired normal control samples (both P<0.001), respectively. Sensitivities and specificities of PAX1 methylation for the detection of cancer were 68.3% and 87.8%, respectively, whereas the corresponding values for SOX1 were 68.3% and 100%. However, the Kaplan–Meier analysis illustrated no significant difference in the overall survivals between patients with high and low methylation levels of SOX1 or PAX1 (P>0.5). In addition, the methylation level of PAX1/SOX1 was significantly higher in CRC patients with high TNM stage (TNM stage III/IV, 3.11±2.43) than those with low TNM stage (TNM stage I/II, 1.26±2.94, P<0.05). Relative RNA and protein expression levels of PAX1/SOX1 were both significantly lower in CRC tissues than in their paired normal tissue. Conclusions This study is the first analysis of the methylation of PAX1/SOX1, which may be new biomarkers for CRC screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, Hunan
| | - Zhi-Rong Tan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, Hunan
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, Hunan
| | - He Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, Hunan
| | - Qiao-Li Lv
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, Hunan
| | - Ying-Ying Shao
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, Hunan
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Yu JZ, Sun N, Bei YB, Li XB, Lu C, Hua LC. Circadian gene hCLOCK contributes to progression of colorectal carcinoma and is directly regulated by tumor‑suppressive microRNA‑124. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7923-7930. [PMID: 29048100 PMCID: PMC5779874 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
An abundance of studies has demonstrated that disruption of circadian rhythms is one of the factors that may contribute to the initiation and development of human colorectal carcinomas (CRCs). Recently, microRNA‑124 has been demonstrated to suppress tumor growth or metastasis of CRCs. However, the mechanisms of cross‑talk between microRNA‑124 (miR‑124) and circadian rhythms in the regulation of CRCs are poorly understood. The present study demonstrated that the protein expression levels of human circadian locomoter output cycles protein kaput (hCLOCK) is significantly increased, while miR‑124 is attenuated in high‑grade human CRC tissues and in the more invasive colorectal cancer cell lines SW620 and LOVO. It was further demonstrated that hCLOCK is a direct target of miR‑124. Upregulation of miR‑124 significantly inhibited hCLOCK expression in LOVO cells, and consequently inhibited its promoting effects on the proliferation and migration of LOVO cells. In conclusion, these data revealed that hCLOCK serves an enhancing role, whereas mir‑124 serves a suppressive role, in human CRC. Attenuation of miR‑124, of which hCLOCK is a direct target, leads to increased hCLOCK expression and disruption of circadian rhythms in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Zi Yu
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
- Department of Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili East Hospital, Ningbo 315000, P.R. China
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Bing Bei
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Bo Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Lu-Chun Hua
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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Fujii S, Yamashita S, Yamaguchi T, Takahashi M, Hozumi Y, Ushijima T, Mukai H. Pathological complete response of HER2-positive breast cancer to trastuzumab and chemotherapy can be predicted by HSD17B4 methylation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:19039-19048. [PMID: 28186977 PMCID: PMC5386667 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor (HER) 2-directed therapy is the standard treatment for HER2-positive breast cancer. Patients who achieved a pathological complete response (pCR) to the therapy are associated with excellent disease-free survival. However, few molecular markers are available to predict pCR. Here, we aimed to establish a DNA methylation marker to predict the response to trastuzumab and chemotherapy. A total of 67 patients were divided into screening (n = 21) and validation (n = 46) sets. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of the screening set identified eight genomic regions specifically methylated in patients with pCR. Among these, HSD17B4 encoding type 4 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was most significantly differentially methylated. The differential methylation was confirmed by pyrosequencing (P = 0.03), and a cutoff value was determined. This association was successfully validated in the validation set (P < 0.001), and patients with pCR were predicted with a high specificity (79%). Multivariate analysis, including tumor stage and hormone receptor status, showed that HSD17B4 methylation was an independent predictive factor (odds ratio: 10.0, 95% confidence interval 2.54–39.50, P = 0.001). Combination with ER status and HSD17B4 methylation improved the specificity up to 91%. Identification of HER2-positive breast cancer patients who would achieve pCR only by trastuzumab and chemotherapy may lead to surgery-free treatment for this group of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Fujii
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8610, Japan
| | - Masato Takahashi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hokkaido Cancer Center, National Hospital Organization, Shiroishi-Ku, Sapporo, 003-0806, Japan
| | - Yasuo Hozumi
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Ibaraki Clinical Education and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tsukuba University/Department of Breast Surgery, Ibaraki Prefectural Central Hospital, Kasama, Ibaraki 309-1793, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Mukai
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
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Tahara T, Yamazaki J, Tahara S, Okubo M, Kawamura T, Horiguchi N, Ishizuka T, Nagasaka M, Nakagawa Y, Shibata T, Kuroda M, Ohmiya N. Magnifying narrow-band imaging of gastric mucosal morphology predicts the H. pylori-related epigenetic field defect. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3090. [PMID: 28596594 PMCID: PMC5465184 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03294-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is associated with "field defect" in the gastric mucosa. To characterize "field defect" morphologically, we examined DNA methylation of non-neoplastic gastric mucosa in relation to their morphology seen by narrow-band imaging (NBI) with magnifying endoscopy. Magnifying NBI of non-neoplastic gastric body was classified as follows: normal-small and round pits with uniform subepithelial capillary networks; type 1-a little enlarged round pits with indistinct subepithelial capillary networks; type 2-remarkably enlarged pits with irregular vessels; and type 3-clearly demarcated oval or tubulovillous pits with bulky coiled or wavy vessels. Methylation of nine candidate genes (MYOD1, SLC16A12, GDNF, IGF2, MIR 124A1, CDH1, PRDM5, RORA and MLF1) were determined by bisulfite pyrosequencing. Infinium HumanMethylation450 array was used to characterize the methylation of >450,000 CpG sites. Mean Z score methylation of nine genes positively correlated with the changes of mucosal patterns from normal to types 1, 2, and 3 (P < 0.0001). Genome-wide analysis showed that development of mucosal patterns correlated with methylation accumulation especially at CpG islands. Genes with promoter CpG islands that were gradually methylated with the development of mucosal patterns significantly enriched the genes involved in zinc-related pathways. The results indicates that gastric mucosal morphology predicts a "field defect" in this tissue type. Accumulation of DNA methylation is associated with "field defect" in the non-neoplastic gastric mucosa. Endoscopic identification of "field defect" has important implications for preventing gastric cancer. Our results suggest that magnifying NBI of gastric mucosal morphology predicts a "field defect" in the gastric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomitsu Tahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan.
| | - Jumpei Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sayumi Tahara
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology I, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Masaaki Okubo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Kawamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Horiguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Ishizuka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Nagasaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Shibata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuroda
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology I, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Naoki Ohmiya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aberrant DNA methylation frequently occurs in the inflammatory mucosa in ulcerative colitis (UC) and is involved in UC-related tumorigenesis. We performed comprehensive DNA methylation profiling of the promoter regions of the inflamed rectal mucosae of patients with UC. DESIGN The methylation status of the promoter CpG islands (CGIs) of 45 cancer/inflammation or age-related candidate genes and the LINE1 repetitive element were examined in the colonic mucosae of 84 cancer-free patients with UC by bisulfite pyrosequencing. Methylation status of selected genes (DPYS, N33, MIR1247, GSTP1, and SOX11) was also determined in 14 neoplastic lesions (5 with high-grade dysplasia and 9 with carcinoma) and 8 adjacent tissues derived from 12 patients. An Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array was used to characterize the methylation status of >450,000 CpG sites for 10 patients with UC. RESULTS Clustering analysis based on the methylation status of the candidate genes clearly distinguished the inflammatory samples from the noninflammatory samples. The hypermethylation of the promoter CGIs strongly correlated with increased disease duration, which is a known risk factor for the development of colon cancer. Genome-wide methylation analyses revealed a high rate of hypermethylation in the severe phenotype of UC, particularly at the CGIs. Exclusively hypermethylated promoter CGIs in the severe phenotypes were significantly related to genes involved in biosynthetic processes, the regulation of metabolic processes, and nitrogen compound metabolic processes. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest the potential utility of DNA methylation as a molecular marker and therapeutic target for UC-related tumorigenesis.
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Han C, Shen JK, Hornicek FJ, Kan Q, Duan Z. Regulation of microRNA-1 (miR-1) expression in human cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1860:227-232. [PMID: 27923712 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) have been found to play important roles in tumorigenesis, apoptosis, metastasis, and drug resistance in cancer. Among a number of miRs, miR-1 was shown to be predominantly downregulated in almost all examined human cancers. As a tumor suppressor miR involved in post-transcriptional regulation of crucial tumor associated gene expression, miR-1 represents a promising target for anticancer therapy. Re-expression of miR-1 can suppress cancer cell proliferation, promote apoptosis, and reverse drug resistance in cancers both in vitro and in vivo. Recently, the regulatory mechanisms of miR-1 expression have been studied in various cancers in different model systems. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of miR-1 expression through epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional regulation. These regulatory mechanisms of miR-1 expression could help us to understand the functions of altered miR-1 expression and provide valuable insights for further investigations into miR-1 based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Han
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China; Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacson K Shen
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Quancheng Kan
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China; Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Niedermaier T, Weigl K, Hoffmeister M, Brenner H. Fecal Immunochemical Tests Combined With Other Stool Tests for Colorectal Cancer and Advanced Adenoma Detection: A Systematic Review. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2016; 7:e175. [PMID: 27253514 PMCID: PMC4931594 DOI: 10.1038/ctg.2016.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite moderate to high detection rates of fecal immunochemical tests (FITs) of colorectal cancer (CRC), detection of adenomas remains limited. Further stool tests exist, which are not used in routine practice, such as DNA or RNA markers and protein markers. We aimed at systematically investigating and summarizing evidence for diagnostic performance of combinations of FIT with other stool tests compared with FIT alone in early detection of CRC and its precursors. METHODS We systematically reviewed studies that evaluated FITs in combination with other stool tests and compared measures of diagnostic accuracy with and without additional stool tests. PubMed and Web of Science were searched from inception to May 2015. Reference lists of eligible studies were also screened. Two reviewers extracted data independently. RESULTS Some of the reports on DNA, RNA, or tissue tests, including tests based on DNA mutations, methylation, and integrity in selected genes as well as microRNA expression, showed some improvements of diagnostic test accuracy. In contrast, so far assessed stool protein markers did generally not lead to substantial improvements in performance of FIT when added to the latter. Many marker combinations were reported only in one study each, and few studies were conducted in a true screening setting. CONCLUSIONS Several stool markers show potential to improve performance of FITs. However, the results require confirmation in further studies, which should also evaluate the costs and cost-effectiveness of combined screening strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Niedermaier
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Korbinian Weigl
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Division of Preventive Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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A genomic screen for long noncoding RNA genes epigenetically silenced by aberrant DNA methylation in colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26699. [PMID: 27215978 PMCID: PMC4877637 DOI: 10.1038/srep26699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as key components in multiple cellular processes, although their physiological and pathological functions are not fully understood. To identify cancer-related lncRNAs, we screened for those that are epigenetically silenced in colorectal cancer (CRC). Through a genome-wide analysis of histone modifications in CRC cells, we found that the transcription start sites (TSSs) of 1,027 lncRNA genes acquired trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) after DNA demethylation. Integrative analysis of chromatin signatures and the DNA methylome revealed that the promoter CpG islands (CGIs) of 66 lncRNA genes contained cancer-specific methylation. By validating the expression and methylation of lncRNA genes in CRC cells, we ultimately identified 20 lncRNAs, including ZNF582-AS1, as targets of epigenetic silencing in CRC. ZNF582-AS1 is frequently methylated in CRC cell lines (87.5%), primary CRCs (77.2%), colorectal adenomas (44.7%) and advanced adenomas (87.8%), suggesting that this methylation is an early event during colorectal tumorigenesis. Methylation of ZNF582-AS1 is associated with poor survival of CRC patients, and ectopic expression of ZNF582-AS1 suppressed colony formation by CRC cells. Our findings offer insight into the association between epigenetic alterations and lncRNA dysregulation in cancer and suggest that ZNF582-AS1 may be a novel tumor-suppressive lncRNA.
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Xue M, Lai SC, Xu ZP, Wang LJ. Noninvasive DNA methylation biomarkers in colorectal cancer: A systematic review. J Dig Dis 2015; 16:699-712. [PMID: 26565661 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize the current evidence on the biomarkers associated with DNA methylation in the screening and diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS A literature search was conducted on the databases of PubMed and Web of Science to identify articles published from 1 January 2000 to 6 June 2015 with language striction. Stuides focusing on the association between noninvasive biomarkers indicating DNA methylation and CRC were included. RESULTS Altogether 74 studies were finally included in the study. Varied genetic markers in the feces and blood samples were hypermethylated in patients with CRC than in the healthy controls. Some of them could even be detected at the early stage of the tumors. The sensitivity of the genetic markers was superior to that of fecal occult blood test and carcinoembryonic antigen. Multitarget DNA assays using a combination of different methylated genes could improve the diagnostic sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Genetic markers might be minimally invasive, economical and accurate for the screening and surveillance of CRC. Large multicenter studies evaluating these biomarkers systematically and prospectively not only in CRC but also in other types of cancers are needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University.,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University
| | - San Chuan Lai
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University.,Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhi Peng Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University
| | - Liang Jing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University.,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University
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36
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Xue M, Wang LJ. Value of DNA methylation markers in colorectal cancer screening. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:4626-4635. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i29.4626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. Recognizing CRC at an early stage by population-based screening is crucial in the prevention and treatment of CRC. Numerous candidate genes, which play important roles in the development and progression of CRC, have been found to be hyper-methylated in the promoter regions in recent studies. The promoter fragments of those hyper-methylated genes in tumor tissues have also been detected in the blood and fecal specimens, with higher sensitivity and specificity than traditional markers in the screening of CRC, including carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) and fecal occult blood test. Here, we will discuss what we have already known about the DNA methylation markers for CRC screening and the potential research direction in the future.
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