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Toptan T, Brusadelli MG, Turpin B, Witte DP, Surrallés J, Velleuer E, Schramm M, Dietrich R, Brakenhoff RH, Moore PS, Chang Y, Wells SI. Limited detection of human polyomaviruses in Fanconi anemia related squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209235. [PMID: 30589865 PMCID: PMC6307729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia is a rare genome instability disorder with extreme susceptibility to squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and anogenital tract. In patients with this inherited disorder, the risk of head and neck cancer is 800-fold higher than in the general population, a finding which might suggest a viral etiology. Here, we analyzed the possible contribution of human polyomaviruses to FA-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by a pan-polyomavirus immunohistochemistry test which detects the T antigens of all known human polyomaviruses. We observed weak reactivity in 17% of the HNSCC samples suggesting that based on classical criteria, human polyomaviruses are not causally related to squamous cell carcinomas analyzed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuna Toptan
- University of Pittsburgh, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Marion G. Brusadelli
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Brian Turpin
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - David P. Witte
- Division of Pathology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jordi Surrallés
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Genetics Department and Biomedical Research Institute of Hospital de les Santes Creus i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eunike Velleuer
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Neuwerk Maria von den Aposteln, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Martin Schramm
- Department of Cytopathology, Institute of Pathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ralf Dietrich
- Deutsche Fanconi-Anämie-Hilfe e.V., Unna-Siddinghausen, Germany
| | - Ruud H. Brakenhoff
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick S. Moore
- University of Pittsburgh, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yuan Chang
- University of Pittsburgh, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Susanne I. Wells
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Risk of Human Papillomavirus Infection in Cancer-Prone Individuals: What We Know. Viruses 2018; 10:v10010047. [PMID: 29361695 PMCID: PMC5795460 DOI: 10.3390/v10010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections cause a significant proportion of cancers worldwide, predominantly squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the mucosas and skin. High-risk HPV types are associated with SCCs of the anogenital and oropharyngeal tract. HPV oncogene activities and the biology of SCCs have been intensely studied in laboratory models and humans. What remains largely unknown are host tissue and immune-related factors that determine an individual's susceptibility to infection and/or carcinogenesis. Such susceptibility factors could serve to identify those at greatest risk and spark individually tailored HPV and SCC prevention efforts. Fanconi anemia (FA) is an inherited DNA repair disorder that is in part characterized by extreme susceptibility to SCCs. An increased prevalence of HPV has been reported in affected individuals, and molecular and functional connections between FA, SCC, and HPV were established in laboratory models. However, the presence of HPV in some human FA tumors is controversial, and the extent of the etiological connections remains to be established. Herein, we discuss cellular, immunological, and phenotypic features of FA, placed into the context of HPV pathogenesis. The goal is to highlight this orphan disease as a unique model system to uncover host genetic and molecular HPV features, as well as SCC susceptibility factors.
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Myers KC, Sauter S, Zhang X, Bleesing JJ, Davies SM, Wells SI, Mehta PA, Kumar A, Marmer D, Marsh R, Brown D, Kovacic MB. Impaired immune function in children and adults with Fanconi anemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2017; 64:10.1002/pbc.26599. [PMID: 28557197 PMCID: PMC5639938 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by genome instability, bone marrow failure, and cancer predisposition. Previously, small studies have reported heterogeneous immune dysfunction in FA. PROCEDURE We performed a detailed immunologic assessment in a large FA cohort who have not undergone bone marrow transplantation or developed malignancies. Comprehensive quantitative and functional immunologic assessment of 29 FA individuals was compared to healthy age-matched controls. RESULTS Compared to non-FA persons of similar ages, FA individuals showed lower absolute total B cells (P < 0.001), lower memory B cells (P < 0.001), and decreased IgM (P < 0.001) but normal IgG. NK cells (P < 0.001) and NK cytotoxicity (P < 0.001) were decreased. CD4+ T cells were decreased (P = 0.022), while CD8+ T cell and absolute T-cell numbers were comparable. Cytotoxic T cells (P < 0.003), and antigen proliferation response to tetanus (P = 0.019) and candida (P = 0.019), were diminished in FA. Phytohemagglutinin responses and plasma cytokines were normal. Within FA subjects, adults and older children (≥10 years) exhibited higher CD8+ T cells than younger children (P = 0.004). Documented atypical infections were infrequent, although oral human papilloma virus (HPV) prevalence was higher (31% positive) in FA. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results demonstrate a high rate of significant humoral and cellular immune dysfunction. Continued longitudinal study of immune function is critical to understand evolution with age, bone marrow failure, and cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasiani C. Myers
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sharon Sauter
- Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Xue Zhang
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jacob J. Bleesing
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Stella M. Davies
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Susanne I. Wells
- Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Parinda A. Mehta
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Daniel Marmer
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Rebecca Marsh
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Darron Brown
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Giri N, Alter BP, Penrose K, Falk RT, Pan Y, Savage SA, Williams M, Kemp TJ, Pinto LA. Immune status of patients with inherited bone marrow failure syndromes. Am J Hematol 2015; 90:702-8. [PMID: 25963299 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Immune function abnormalities have been reported in patients with Fanconi anemia (FA), dyskeratosis congenita (DC) and, rarely, in Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS), and Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA), but large systematic studies are lacking. We assessed immunological parameters in 118 patients with these syndromes and 202 unaffected relatives. We compared the results in patients with reference values, and with values in relatives after adjusting for age, sex, corticosteroid treatment, and severe bone marrow failure (BMF). Adult patients (≥18 years) with FA had significantly lower immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM), total lymphocytes, and CD4 T cells than reference values or adult relatives (P < 0.001); children with FA had normal values. Both children and adults with FA had lower B- and NK cells (P < 0.01) than relatives or reference values. Patients with DC had essentially normal immunoglobulins but lower total lymphocytes than reference values or relatives, and lower T-, B-, and NK-cells; these changes were more marked in children than adults (P < 0.01). Most patients with DBA and SDS had normal immunoglobulins and lymphocytes. Lymphoproliferative responses, serum cytokine levels, including tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ, and cytokine levels in supernatants from phytohemagglutinin-stimulated cultures were similar across patient groups and relatives. Only patients with severe BMF, particularly those with FA and DC, had higher serum G-CSF and Flt3-ligand and lower RANTES levels compared with all other groups or relatives (P < 0.05). Overall, immune function abnormalities were seen mainly in adult patients with FA, which likely reflects their disease-related progression, and in children with DC, which may be a feature of early-onset severe disease phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Giri
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics; Clinical Genetics Branch; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health; Rockville Maryland
| | - Blanche P. Alter
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics; Clinical Genetics Branch; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health; Rockville Maryland
| | - Keri Penrose
- Division of Infectious Diseases; Department of Medicine; Human Papillomavirus Immunology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research; Frederick Maryland
| | - Roni T. Falk
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics; Hormonal Reproductive Branch; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health; Rockville Maryland
| | - Yuanji Pan
- Division of Infectious Diseases; Department of Medicine; Human Papillomavirus Immunology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research; Frederick Maryland
| | - Sharon A. Savage
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics; Clinical Genetics Branch; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health; Rockville Maryland
| | - Marcus Williams
- Division of Infectious Diseases; Department of Medicine; Human Papillomavirus Immunology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research; Frederick Maryland
| | - Troy J. Kemp
- Division of Infectious Diseases; Department of Medicine; Human Papillomavirus Immunology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research; Frederick Maryland
| | - Ligia A. Pinto
- Division of Infectious Diseases; Department of Medicine; Human Papillomavirus Immunology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research; Frederick Maryland
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Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetic disorder associated with bone marrow (BM) failure and leukemia. Recent studies demonstrate variable immune defects in FA. However, the cause for FA immunodeficiency is unknown. Here we report that deletion of Fanca or Fancd2 dysregulates the suppressive activity of regulatory T cells (Tregs), shown functionally as exacerbation of graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) in mice. Recipient mice of Fanca(-/-) or Fancd2(-/-) BM chimeras exhibited severe acute GVHD after allogeneic BM transplantation (BMT). T cells from Fanca(-/-) or Fancd2(-/-) mice induced higher GVHD lethality than those from wild-type (WT) littermates. FA Tregs possessed lower proliferative suppression potential compared with WT Tregs, as demonstrated by in vitro proliferation assay and BMT. Analysis of CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs indicated that loss of Fanca or Fancd2 dysregulated Foxp3 target gene expression. Additionally, CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs of Fanca(-/-) or Fancd2(-/-) mice were less efficient in suppressing the production of GVHD-associated inflammatory cytokines. Consistently, aberrant NF-κB activity was observed in infiltrated T cells from FA GVHD mice. Conditional deletion of p65 in FA Tregs decreased GVHD mortality. Our study uncovers an essential role for FA proteins in maintaining Treg homeostasis, possibly explaining, at least in part, the immune deficiency reported in some FA patients.
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Shyamsunder P, Ganesh KS, Vidyasekar P, Mohan S, Verma RS. Identification of novel target genes involved in Indian Fanconi anemia patients using microarray. Gene 2013; 531:444-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Immune status of Fanconi anemia patients: decrease in T CD8 and CD56dim CD16+ NK lymphocytes. Ann Hematol 2013; 93:761-7. [PMID: 24240977 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-013-1953-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA), a rare genetic disease in which patients' life is compromised mainly by hematological abnormalities and cancer prone, seems to be affected by subtle immune cell irregularities. Knowing that FA presents developmental abnormalities and, based on recent reports, suggesting that natural killer (NK) CD56(dim) and NK CD56(bright) correspond to sequential differentiation pathways, we investigated if there were changes on the total number of NK cells and subsets as well as on T CD4 and T CD8 lymphocytes and their ratio. A large sample of FA patients (n = 42) was used in this work, and the results were correlated to clinical hematological status of these patients. Among FA patients, a decreased proportion of T CD8(+) and NK CD56(dim)CD16(+) cells were observed when compared to healthy controls as well as an imbalance of the subsets NK lymphocytes. Data suggest that FA patients might have a defective cytotoxic response due to the lower number of cytotoxic cells as well as impairment in the differentiation process of the NK cells subsets which may be directly related to impairment of the immune surveillance observed in these patients.
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8
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Matsui K, Giri N, Alter BP, Pinto LA. Cytokine production by bone marrow mononuclear cells in inherited bone marrow failure syndromes. Br J Haematol 2013; 163:81-92. [PMID: 23889587 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anaemia (FA), dyskeratosis congenita (DC), Diamond-Blackfan anaemia (DBA), and Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) are characterized by the progressive development of bone marrow failure. Overproduction of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) from activated bone marrow T-cells has been proposed as a mechanism of FA-related aplasia. Whether such overproduction occurs in the other syndromes is unknown. We conducted a comparative study on bone marrow mononuclear cells to examine the cellular subset composition and cytokine production. We found lower proportions of haematopoietic stem cells in FA, DC, and SDS, and a lower proportion of monocytes in FA, DC, and DBA compared with controls. The T- and B-lymphocyte proportions were similar to controls, except for low B-cells in DC. We did not observe overproduction of TNF-α or IFN-γ by T-cells in any patients. Induction levels of TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, IL-10, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in monocytes stimulated with high-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were similar at 4 h but lower at 24 h when compared to controls. Unexpectedly, patient samples showed a trend toward higher cytokine level in response to low-dose (0·001 μg/ml) LPS. Increased sensitivity to LPS may have clinical implications and could contribute to the development of pancytopenia by creating a chronic subclinical inflammatory micro-environment in the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Matsui
- Human Papillomavirus Immunology Laboratory, Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC)-Frederick, Incorporated, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
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Korthof ET, Svahn J, de Latour RP, Terranova P, Moins-Teisserenc H, Socié G, Soulier J, Kok M, Bredius RG, van Tol M, Jol-van der Zijde EC, Pistorio A, Corsolini F, Parodi A, Battaglia F, Pistoia V, Dufour C, Cappelli E. Immunological profile of Fanconi anemia: a multicentric retrospective analysis of 61 patients. Am J Hematol 2013; 88:472-6. [PMID: 23483621 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the immunological status of 61 patients with Fanconi anemia (FA) with advanced marrow failure before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was analyzed by assessing the phenotype of peripheral blood lymphocytes, serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels, and inflammatory cytokines. In patients with FA, total absolute lymphocytes (P < 0.0001), B cells (P < 0.0001), and NK cells (P = 0.003) were reduced when compared with normal controls. T cells (CD3), that is, cytotoxic T cells, naïve T cells, and regulatory T cells, showed a relative increase when compared with controls. Serum levels of IgG (P < 0.0001) and IgM (P = 0.004) were significantly lower, whereas IgA level was higher (P < 0.0001) than in normal controls. TGF-β (P = 0.007) and interleukin (IL)-6 (P = 0.0007) levels were increased in the serum of patients when compared with controls, whereas sCD40L level decreases (P < 0.0001). No differences were noted in the serum levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, and IL-23 between FA subjects and controls. This comprehensive immunological study shows that patients with FA with advanced marrow failure have an altered immune status. This is in accordance with some characteristics of FA such as the proinflammatory and proapoptotic status. In addition, B lymphocyte failure may make tight and early immunological monitoring advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth T. Korthof
- Department of Pediatrics/Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology, Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden; The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Svahn
- Experimental and Clinical Haematology Unit, G. Gaslini Children's Hospital; Genova; Italy
| | | | - Paola Terranova
- Experimental and Clinical Haematology Unit, G. Gaslini Children's Hospital; Genova; Italy
| | | | | | - Jean Soulier
- Hematology and Fanconi Anemia Unit, Hospital St. Louis; Paris; France
| | - Marleen Kok
- Department of Pediatrics/Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology, Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden; The Netherlands
| | - Robbert G.M. Bredius
- Department of Pediatrics/Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology, Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden; The Netherlands
| | - Maarten van Tol
- Department of Pediatrics/Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology, Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden; The Netherlands
| | - Els C.M. Jol-van der Zijde
- Department of Pediatrics/Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology, Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden; The Netherlands
| | - Angela Pistorio
- Servizio Epidemiologia Clinica e Biostatistica, G. Gaslini Children's Hospital; Genova; Italy
| | - Fabio Corsolini
- Laboratorio Diagnosi Pre e Postnatale Malattie Metaboliche; G. Gaslini Children's Hospital; Genova; Italy
| | - Alessia Parodi
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova; Genova; Italy
| | - Florinda Battaglia
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova; Genova; Italy
| | - Vito Pistoia
- Oncology Laboratory; G. Gaslini Children's Hospital; Genova; Italy
| | - Carlo Dufour
- Experimental and Clinical Haematology Unit, G. Gaslini Children's Hospital; Genova; Italy
| | - Enrico Cappelli
- Experimental and Clinical Haematology Unit, G. Gaslini Children's Hospital; Genova; Italy
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Pagano G, Talamanca AA, Castello G, Pallardó FV, Zatterale A, Degan P. Oxidative stress in Fanconi anaemia: from cells and molecules towards prospects in clinical management. Biol Chem 2013; 393:11-21. [PMID: 22628295 DOI: 10.1515/bc-2011-227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fanconi anaemia (FA) is a genetic disease featuring bone marrow failure, proneness to malignancies, and chromosomal instability. A line of studies has related FA to oxidative stress (OS). This review attempts to evaluate the evidence for FA-associated redox abnormalities in the literature from 1981 to 2010. Among 2170 journal articles on FA evaluated, 162 related FA with OS. Early studies reported excess oxygen toxicity in FA cells that accumulated oxidative DNA damage. Prooxidant states were found in white blood cells and body fluids from FA patients as excess luminol-dependent chemiluminescence, 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine, reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione imbalance, and tumour necrosis factor-α. Some FA gene products involved in redox homeostasis can be summarized as follows: (a) FANCA, FANCC, and FANCG interact with cytochrome P450-related activities and/or respond to oxidative damage; (b) FANCD2 in OS response interacts with forkhead box O3 and ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein; (c) FANCG is found in mitochondria and interacts with PRDX3, and FA-G cells display distorted mitochondria and decreased peroxidase activity; (d) FANCJ (BACH1/BRIP1) is a repressor of haeme oxygenase-1 gene and senses oxidative base damage; (e) antioxidants, such as tempol and resveratrol decrease cancer incidence and haematopoietic defects in Fancd2(-/-) mice. The overall evidence for FA-associated OS may suggest designing chemoprevention studies aimed at delaying the onset of OS-related clinical complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pagano
- Italian Association for Fanconi Anaemia Research, I-80133 Naples, Italy
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11
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Fanconi anemia proteins and their interacting partners: a molecular puzzle. Anemia 2012; 2012:425814. [PMID: 22737580 PMCID: PMC3378961 DOI: 10.1155/2012/425814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Fanconi anemia (FA) has been the subject of intense investigations, primarily in the DNA repair research field. Many discoveries have led to the notion of a canonical pathway, termed the FA pathway, where all FA proteins function sequentially in different protein complexes to repair DNA cross-link damages. Although a detailed architecture of this DNA cross-link repair pathway is emerging, the question of how a defective DNA cross-link repair process translates into the disease phenotype is unresolved. Other areas of research including oxidative metabolism, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and transcriptional regulation have been studied in the context of FA, and some of these areas were investigated before the fervent enthusiasm in the DNA repair field. These other molecular mechanisms may also play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease. In addition, several FA-interacting proteins have been identified with roles in these “other” nonrepair molecular functions. Thus, the goal of this paper is to revisit old ideas and to discuss protein-protein interactions related to other FA-related molecular functions to try to give the reader a wider perspective of the FA molecular puzzle.
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Rochowski A, Sun C, Glogauer M, Alter BP. Neutrophil functions in patients with inherited bone marrow failure syndromes. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57:306-9. [PMID: 21671367 PMCID: PMC3116953 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.22885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) include Fanconi anemia, dyskeratosis congenita, Diamond-Blackfan anemia, and Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS). Previous studies reported decreased neutrophil chemotaxis in patients with SDS; there are no reports of neutrophil function in other IBMFS. In this study we examined neutrophil respiratory burst function in IBMFS patients. PROCEDURE Samples from 43 IBMFS patients and 61 healthy family members were collected, shipped, and analyzed within 24 hr. We also studied samples from 12 healthy control persons immediately after collection. Neutrophils were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate acetate (PMA) and N-formyl-methyonyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), and respiratory burst analyzed by reduction of dihydro-rhodamine and cytochrome c. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the degree of fMLP or PMA-driven respiratory burst activity between each of the IBMFS subgroups and their respective family members. There was also no difference in respiratory burst activity between any IBMFS, pooled group of all healthy family members and healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Neutrophil respiratory burst activity from IBMFS patients does not differ from that of healthy family members and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Rochowski
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA,Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chunxiang Sun
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research Group in Matrix Dynamics, Faculty of Dentistry University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research Group in Matrix Dynamics, Faculty of Dentistry University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Blanche P. Alter
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
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13
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Myers KC, Bleesing JJ, Davies SM, Zhang X, Martin LJ, Mueller R, Harris RE, Filipovich AH, Kovacic MB, Wells SI, Mehta PA. Impaired immune function in children with Fanconi anaemia. Br J Haematol 2011; 154:234-40. [PMID: 21542827 PMCID: PMC5922775 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08721.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anaemia is an autosomal recessive or X-linked disease characterized by progressive bone marrow failure, variable congenital abnormalities and a predisposition to malignancy. Reports of immune function in this population are limited, and include only specific areas of immune performance, showing variable defects. We report a cross-sectional immunological assessment in 10 children with FA. Absolute numbers of B cells and natural killer (NK) cells were reduced compared to controls (P = 0·048 and P = 0·0002, respectively), while absolute number of T cells were within normal range. Perforin and granzyme content of NK cells was reduced (P < 0·00001 and P = 0·0057, respectively) along with the NK cell cytotoxicity (P < 0·001). Antigen proliferation in response to tetanus was decreased (P = 0·008) while responses to candida and phytohaemagglutinin were not. Cytotoxic T cell function was also reduced (P < 0·0001). Immunoglobulin G levels were normal in those evaluated. Our series represents the first attempt at a comprehensive quantitative and functional evaluation of immune function in this rare group of patients and demonstrates a significant deficit in the NK cell compartment, a novel quantitative B cell defect, along with abnormal cytotoxic function. These findings may be especially relevant in this patient population with known predisposition to DNA damage and malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasiani C Myers
- Divisions of Bone Marrow Transplant and Immune Deficiency, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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Sejas DP, Rani R, Qiu Y, Zhang X, Fagerlie SR, Nakano H, Williams DA, Pang Q. Inflammatory reactive oxygen species-mediated hemopoietic suppression in Fancc-deficient mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 178:5277-87. [PMID: 17404312 PMCID: PMC2919363 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.8.5277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Patients with the genomic instability syndrome Fanconi anemia (FA) commonly develop progressive bone marrow (BM) failure and have a high risk of cancer. Certain manifestations of the disease suggest that the FA immune system is dysfunctional and may contribute to the pathogenesis of both BM failure and malignancies. In this study, we have investigated inflammation and innate immunity in FA hemopoietic cells using mice deficient in Fanconi complementation group C gene (Fancc). We demonstrate that Fancc-deficient mice exhibit enhanced inflammatory response and are hypersensitive to LPS-induced septic shock as a result of hemopoietic suppression. This exacerbated inflammatory phenotype is intrinsic to the hemopoietic system and can be corrected by the re-expression of a wild-type FANCC gene, suggesting a potential role of the FANCC protein in innate immunity. LPS-mediated hemopoietic suppression requires two major inflammatory agents, TNF-alpha and reactive oxygen species. In addition, LPS-induced excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species in Fancc(-/-) BM cells overactivates the stress kinase p38 and requires prolonged activation of the JNK. Our data implicate a role of inflammation in pathogenesis of FA and BM failure diseases in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Sejas
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Reena Rani
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Yuhui Qiu
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Sara R. Fagerlie
- Clinical Transplantation Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Hiroyasu Nakano
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - David A. Williams
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Qishen Pang
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229
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Fagerlie SR, Koretsky T, Torok-Storb B, Bagby GC. Impaired type I IFN-induced Jak/STAT signaling in FA-C cells and abnormal CD4+ Th cell subsets in Fancc-/- mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 173:3863-70. [PMID: 15356134 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.6.3863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The Fanconi anemia (FA) group C protein, FANCC, interacts with STAT1 following stimulation with IFN-gamma and is required for proper docking of STAT1 at the IFN-gamma receptor alpha-chain (IFN-gammaRalpha, IFN-gammaR1). Consequently, loss of a functional FANCC results in decreased activation of STAT1 following IFN-gamma stimulation. Because type I IFN receptors influence the function of type II receptors, and vice versa, we conducted experiments designed to determine whether type I IFN-induced activation of other STAT proteins is compromised in FA-C cells and found that activation of STAT 1, 3, and 5 is diminished in type I IFN-stimulated cells bearing Fancc-inactivating mutations. We also determined that the reduced activation of STATs was accompanied by significant reduction of type I IFN-induced tyrosine kinase 2 and Jak1 phosphorylation. Because tyrosine kinase 2 plays a role in differentiation of Th cells, we quantified cytokine secretion from CD4+ cells and in vitro generated CD4+ Th cell subsets from splenocytes of Fancc null mice to that of heterozygous mice and discovered reduced CD4+ IFN-gamma secretion in the Fancc-/- mouse, indicating impaired Th1 differentiation. We suggest that Fancc mutations result in a subtle immunological defect owing to the failure of FANCC to normally support Jak/STAT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R Fagerlie
- Oregon Health and Science University Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA.
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Barquinero JF, Barrios L, Ribas M, Egozcue J, Caballín MR. Cytogenetic sensitivity of three Fanconi anemia heterozygotes to bleomycin and ionizing radiation. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2001; 124:80-3. [PMID: 11165327 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(00)00326-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that Fanconi anemia (FA) patients show a hypersensitivity to the effect of cross-linking agents such as mitomycin C and diepoxybutane, while the sensitivity of these patients to ionizing radiation is controversial. Fanconi anemia heterozygotes do not show a hypersensitivity to the above-mentioned agents. However, bleomycin it is used to identify mutagen sensitive individuals, especially among head and neck cancer patients. We present here a preliminary study in which the mean frequencies of bleomycin-induced chromatid breaks (ctb) from three FA heterozygotes (X = 0.90, range 0.80-1.01) and 11 controls (X = 0.40, range 0.21-0.66) differ significantly (P<.001), indicating a high sensitivity to bleomycin of G(2) lymphocytes from these three FA heterozygotes. An increased sensitivity was not observed after exposure of G0 lymphocytes to 2 Gy of ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Barquinero
- Unitat d'Antropologia, Dpt. de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
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