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Freedman AN, Roell K, Engwall E, Bulka C, Kuban KCK, Herring L, Mills CA, Parsons PJ, Galusha A, O’Shea TM, Fry RC. Prenatal Metal Exposure Alters the Placental Proteome in a Sex-Dependent Manner in Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns: Links to Gestational Age. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14977. [PMID: 37834424 PMCID: PMC10573797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to toxic metals is associated with altered placental function and adverse infant and child health outcomes. Adverse outcomes include those that are observed at the time of birth, such as low birthweight, as well as those that arise later in life, such as neurological impairment. It is often the case that these adverse outcomes show sex-specific responses in relation to toxicant exposures. While the precise molecular mechanisms linking in utero toxic metal exposures with later-in-life health are unknown, placental inflammation is posited to play a critical role. Here, we sought to understand whether in utero metal exposure is associated with alterations in the expression of the placental proteome by identifying metal associated proteins (MAPs). Within the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns (ELGAN) cohort (n = 230), placental and umbilical cord tissue samples were collected at birth. Arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), selenium (Se), and manganese (Mn) concentrations were measured in umbilical cord tissue samples via ICP-MS/MS. Protein expression was examined in placental samples using an LC-MS/MS-based, global, untargeted proteomics analysis measuring more than 3400 proteins. MAPs were then evaluated for associations with pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, including placental weight and gestational age. We hypothesized that metal levels would be positively associated with the altered expression of inflammation/immune-associated pathways and that sex-specific patterns of metal-associated placental protein expression would be observed. Sex-specific analyses identified 89 unique MAPs expressed in female placentas and 41 unique MAPs expressed in male placentas. Notably, many of the female-associated MAPs are known to be involved in immune-related processes, while the male-associated MAPs are associated with intracellular transport and cell localization. Further, several MAPs were significantly associated with gestational age in males and females and placental weight in males. These data highlight the linkage between prenatal metal exposure and an altered placental proteome, with implications for altering the trajectory of fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia N. Freedman
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (A.N.F.); (E.E.)
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Kyle Roell
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Eiona Engwall
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (A.N.F.); (E.E.)
| | - Catherine Bulka
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Karl C. K. Kuban
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Laura Herring
- UNC Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (L.H.); (C.A.M.)
| | - Christina A. Mills
- UNC Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (L.H.); (C.A.M.)
| | - Patrick J. Parsons
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201, USA; (P.J.P.); (A.G.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12222, USA
| | - Aubrey Galusha
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201, USA; (P.J.P.); (A.G.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12222, USA
| | - Thomas Michael O’Shea
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Rebecca C. Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (A.N.F.); (E.E.)
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Florke Gee RR, Chen H, Lee AK, Daly CA, Wilander BA, Fon Tacer K, Potts PR. Emerging roles of the MAGE protein family in stress response pathways. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16121-16155. [PMID: 32921631 PMCID: PMC7681028 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.008029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The melanoma antigen (MAGE) proteins all contain a MAGE homology domain. MAGE genes are conserved in all eukaryotes and have expanded from a single gene in lower eukaryotes to ∼40 genes in humans and mice. Whereas some MAGEs are ubiquitously expressed in tissues, others are expressed in only germ cells with aberrant reactivation in multiple cancers. Much of the initial research on MAGEs focused on exploiting their antigenicity and restricted expression pattern to target them with cancer immunotherapy. Beyond their potential clinical application and role in tumorigenesis, recent studies have shown that MAGE proteins regulate diverse cellular and developmental pathways, implicating them in many diseases besides cancer, including lung, renal, and neurodevelopmental disorders. At the molecular level, many MAGEs bind to E3 RING ubiquitin ligases and, thus, regulate their substrate specificity, ligase activity, and subcellular localization. On a broader scale, the MAGE genes likely expanded in eutherian mammals to protect the germline from environmental stress and aid in stress adaptation, and this stress tolerance may explain why many cancers aberrantly express MAGEs Here, we present an updated, comprehensive review on the MAGE family that highlights general characteristics, emphasizes recent comparative studies in mice, and describes the diverse functions exerted by individual MAGEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R Florke Gee
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Helen Chen
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anna K Lee
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christina A Daly
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Benjamin A Wilander
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Klementina Fon Tacer
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA; School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, Texas, USA.
| | - Patrick Ryan Potts
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
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Lee SC, Quinn TP, Lai J, Kong SW, Hertz-Picciotto I, Glatt SJ, Crowley TM, Venkatesh S, Nguyen T. Solving for X: Evidence for sex-specific autism biomarkers across multiple transcriptomic studies. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2019; 180:377-389. [PMID: 30520558 PMCID: PMC6551334 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a markedly heterogeneous condition with a varied phenotypic presentation. Its high concordance among siblings, as well as its clear association with specific genetic disorders, both point to a strong genetic etiology. However, the molecular basis of ASD is still poorly understood, although recent studies point to the existence of sex-specific ASD pathophysiologies and biomarkers. Despite this, little is known about how exactly sex influences the gene expression signatures of ASD probands. In an effort to identify sex-dependent biomarkers and characterize their function, we present an analysis of a single paired-end postmortem brain RNA-Seq data set and a meta-analysis of six blood-based microarray data sets. Here, we identify several genes with sex-dependent dysregulation, and many more with sex-independent dysregulation. Moreover, through pathway analysis, we find that these sex-independent biomarkers have substantially different biological roles than the sex-dependent biomarkers, and that some of these pathways are ubiquitously dysregulated in both postmortem brain and blood. We conclude by synthesizing the discovered biomarker profiles with the extant literature, by highlighting the advantage of studying sex-specific dysregulation directly, and by making a call for new transcriptomic data that comprise large female cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C. Lee
- Centre for Pattern Recognition and Data Analytics (PRaDA), Deakin University, Geelong, 3220, Australia
| | - Thomas P. Quinn
- Centre for Pattern Recognition and Data Analytics (PRaDA), Deakin University, Geelong, 3220, Australia
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, 3220, Australia
- Bioinformatics Core Research Group, Deakin University, Geelong, 3220, Australia
| | - Jerry Lai
- Deakin eResearch, Deakin University, Geelong, 3220, Australia | Intersect Australia, Sydney, 2000, Australia
| | - Sek Won Kong
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA | Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences and UC Davis MIND Institute, School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Stephen J. Glatt
- Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology and Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe Lab) | SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Tamsyn M. Crowley
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, 3220, Australia
- Bioinformatics Core Research Group, Deakin University, Geelong, 3220, Australia
- Poultry Hub Australia, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, 2351, Australia
| | - Svetha Venkatesh
- Centre for Pattern Recognition and Data Analytics (PRaDA), Deakin University, Geelong, 3220, Australia
| | - Thin Nguyen
- Centre for Pattern Recognition and Data Analytics (PRaDA), Deakin University, Geelong, 3220, Australia
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Kanda M, Nomoto S, Oya H, Takami H, Shimizu D, Hibino S, Hashimoto R, Kobayashi D, Tanaka C, Yamada S, Fujii T, Nakayama G, Sugimoto H, Koike M, Fujiwara M, Kodera Y. The Expression of Melanoma-Associated Antigen D2 Both in Surgically Resected and Serum Samples Serves as Clinically Relevant Biomarker of Gastric Cancer Progression. Ann Surg Oncol 2015; 23 Suppl 2:S214-21. [PMID: 25743330 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-015-4457-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensitive biomarkers are necessary for risk classification of patients with gastric cancer (GC), especially ones at risk of distant metastases. Melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE)-D2 has been reported to play a role in the process of cell adhesion and metastatic potential of tumor cells in colorectal cancer. The purpose of this study was to identify a novel clinically relevant biomarker of GC. METHODS Expression analysis of MAGE-D2 was conducted in GC cell lines and clinical samples (surgical specimen and serum) in both mRNA and protein level. Correlations between MAGE-D2 expression status and clinicopathological factors were evaluated. RESULTS MAGE-D2 mRNA expression levels were similar between GC tissues and the corresponding normal adjacent tissues and were independent of GC differentiation or subtype. In 101 (45 %) of 225 patients, the expression level of MAGE-D2 mRNA was increased in GC tissues compared with the corresponding normal adjacent tissues. Increased expression of MAGE-D2 mRNA in GC tissues was associated with distant metastasis and early recurrence and was an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio 2.27, 95 % confidence interval 1.39-3.74, P = 0.001). There was a stepwise increase in serum MAGE-D2 level going from healthy volunteers to patients with localized GC and then to those with extended GC (stage IV). Patients with preoperative serum MAGE-D2 levels >130 pg/ml had a more unfavorable prognosis than those with levels ≤130 pg/ml. CONCLUSION MAGE-D2 was associated with metastatic potential of GC and may represent a promising biomarker, both in gastric tissues and serum samples, for malignant behavior of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Shuji Nomoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hisaharu Oya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Takami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Dai Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Soki Hibino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryoji Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chie Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Suguru Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Goro Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Michitaka Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
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Hashimoto R, Kanda M, Takami H, Shimizu D, Oya H, Hibino S, Okamura Y, Yamada S, Fujii T, Nakayama G, Sugimoto H, Koike M, Nomoto S, Fujiwara M, Kodera Y. Aberrant expression of melanoma-associated antigen-D2 serves as a prognostic indicator of hepatocellular carcinoma outcome following curative hepatectomy. Oncol Lett 2014; 9:1201-1206. [PMID: 25663882 PMCID: PMC4314984 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common cause of cancer-related mortality globally. Since the prognosis of advanced HCC patients is extremely poor, the development of novel molecular targets for diagnosis and therapy is urgently required. In the present study, the expression of the melanoma-associated antigen-D2 (MAGE-D2) gene was investigated to determine whether it affects the malignant phenotype of HCC and thus, may serve as a marker of prognosis. Therefore, the expression of MAGE-D2 mRNA and MAGE-D2 protein in nine HCC cell lines and 151 pairs of surgical tissues was analyzed. mRNA expression levels were analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry was used to compare the clinicopathological parameters of the tumors. A significant difference in the level of MAGE-D2 expression was observed between the normal liver and chronic hepatitis tissues, however, no significant differences were identified among the levels of the chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and HCC tissues. The expression patterns of the MAGE-D2 protein were consistent with those of its mRNA. The expression levels of MAGE-D2 mRNA in 66 of 151 (44%) patients were higher in the HCC tissues compared with the corresponding non-cancerous tissues. In addition, the disease-specific survival time was significantly shorter for patients with higher levels of MAGE-D2 mRNA expression. Multivariate analysis identified increased expression of MAGE-D2 mRNA as an independent prognostic factor for disease-specific survival (hazard ratio, 2.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.43–4.98; P=0.002). However, increased expression levels of MAGE-D2 mRNA were not significantly associated with other clinicopathological parameters, including extrahepatic recurrence. These results indicated that MAGE-D2 mRNA affects tumor progression and may serve as a prognostic indicator following curative resection. In addition, MAGE-D2 may provide a target for the therapy of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hideki Takami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Dai Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hisaharu Oya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Soki Hibino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yukiyasu Okamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Suguru Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Goro Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masahiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shuji Nomoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Michitaka Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
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Hunter M, Bruno D, Amor DJ. Functional disomy of proximal Xp causes a distinct phenotype comprising early hypotonia, hypertelorism, small hands and feet, ear abnormalities, myopia and cognitive impairment. Am J Med Genet A 2009; 149A:1763-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kidd M, Modlin IM, Mane SM, Camp RL, Eick GN, Latich I, Zikusoka MN. Utility of molecular genetic signatures in the delineation of gastric neoplasia. Cancer 2006; 106:1480-8. [PMID: 16502410 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.21758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current techniques to define gastric neoplasia are limited but molecular genetic signatures can categorize tumors and provide biological rationale for predicting clinical behavior. We identified three gene signatures: Chromogranin A (CgA), MAGE-D2 (adhesion), and MTA1 (metastasis) that define gastrointestinal (GI) carcinoids and hypothesize that their expression can delineate gastric neoplasia. This strategy provides a molecular basis to define neuroendocrine gastric carcinoids (GCs), neuronal stromal tumors (GISTs), or epithelial cell (gastric adenocarcinomas [GCAs])-derived tumors. METHODS Total RNA was isolated from 38 GCs: Type I/II (n = 7), Type III/IV (n = 6), GISTs (n = 12), GCAs (n = 13), and normal mucosa (n = 12). Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (Q RT-PCR) gene expression was quantified against glyseraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and CgA and MTA1 protein expression levels were analyzed by immunohistochemical analyses of a gastric neoplasia microarray. RESULTS CgA was elevated in Type I/II (10-fold; P < .01) and Type III/IV (100-fold, P < .005), decreased in GISTs (100-fold, P < .03), and unchanged in GCAs. MAGE-D2 was 5-10-fold elevated (P < .05) in Type III/IV, GISTs, and GCAs but not in Type I/II tumors. MTA1 (> 5-fold, P < .01) was elevated in GCs (Type III/IV>I/II, P < .05), in GISTs (> 4-fold, P < .05), and GCAs. CgA protein levels were elevated in GCs (P < .005) but not in GISTs and GCAs. MTA1 levels were elevated in all tumors (P < .02) compared with normal, and especially with tumor invasion (P < .05). CONCLUSION CgA discriminates GCs from other gastric neoplasms; overexpression of MAGE-D2 and MTA1 differentiate Type III/IV from Type I/II GCs. GISTs share similar expression patterns with Type III/IV GCs but have decreased CgA. MTA1 is a marker of tumor invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Kidd
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Kidd M, Modlin IM, Mane SM, Camp RL, Eick G, Latich I. The role of genetic markers--NAP1L1, MAGE-D2, and MTA1--in defining small-intestinal carcinoid neoplasia. Ann Surg Oncol 2006; 13:253-62. [PMID: 16424981 DOI: 10.1245/aso.2006.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2004] [Accepted: 08/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Standard clinical and immunohistochemical methods cannot reliably determine whether a small intestinal carcinoid (SIC) is indolent or aggressive. We hypothesized that carcinoid malignancy could be defined by using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical approaches that evaluate potential marker genes. METHODS Candidate marker gene expression (nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 1 [NAP1L1], melanoma antigen D2 [MAGE-D2], and metastasis-associated protein 1 [MTA1]) identified by Affymetrix transcriptional profiling was examined by QRT-PCR in SIC, liver, and lymph node (LN) metastases, colorectal carcinomas, and healthy tissues. Immunohistochemical expression levels of MTA1 were analyzed quantitatively by a novel automated quantitative analysis in a tissue microarray of 102 gastrointestinal carcinoids and in a breast/prostate carcinoma array. RESULTS Affymetrix transcriptional profiling identified three potentially useful malignancy-marker genes (out of 1709 significantly altered genes). By QRT-PCR, NAP1L1 was significantly (P < .03) overexpressed in SIC compared with colorectal carcinomas and healthy tissue. Increased levels (P < .05) were identified in both liver and LN metastases. Levels in colorectal carcinomas were the same as in healthy mucosa. MAGE-D2 and MTA1 were increased (P < .05) in primary tumors and metastases and overexpressed in carcinomas. Automated quantitative analysis demonstrated the highest levels of MTA1 immunostaining in malignant primary SICs and in metastases to the liver and LN. These were significantly increased (P < .02) compared with nonmetastatic primary tumors. MTA1 was overexpressed in breast and prostate carcinomas (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS SICs overexpress the neoplasia-related genes NAP1L1 (mitotic regulation), MAGE-D2 (adhesion), and MTA1 (estrogen antagonism). The ability to determine the malignant potential of these tumors and their propensity to metastasize provides a biological rationale for the management of carcinoids and may have prognostic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Kidd
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, P.O. Box 208062, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8062, USA
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Identification of a novel MAGE D2 antisense RNA transcript in human tissues. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 324:199-204. [PMID: 15465002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Using cDNA microarray analysis, we identified a cDNA clone, DD74, from primary human bronchial epithelial cells, which exhibits increased expression in vitro after treatment with all-trans retinoic acid. This clone corresponded to MAGE D2 mRNA, a gene previously identified to be upregulated in several cancer tissues. Surprisingly, in situ hybridization of lung tissue demonstrated positive hybridization signals with sense, but not antisense, MAGE D2-specific cRNA probes. Examination of several cell lines by Northern blot hybridization confirmed significant expression of two RNA bands. With strand-specific riboprobes, we identified a 2.0kb RNA transcript with the antisense probe as expected and identified a 4.1kb transcript by the sense probe. Further sequence analysis of the 4.1kb transcript revealed at least a 509 nucleotide sequence exactly complementary to the 2.0kb MAGE D2 mRNA sequence. This MAGE D2i sequence contains unique structural features not shared with those of previously described antisense transcripts. Identification of this transcript potentially has important implications for future studies examining MAGE D2 expression patterns in cancer and normal tissues.
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Wan D, Gong Y, Qin W, Zhang P, Li J, Wei L, Zhou X, Li H, Qiu X, Zhong F, He L, Yu J, Yao G, Jiang H, Qian L, Yu Y, Shu H, Chen X, Xu H, Guo M, Pan Z, Chen Y, Ge C, Yang S, Gu J. Large-scale cDNA transfection screening for genes related to cancer development and progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:15724-9. [PMID: 15498874 PMCID: PMC524842 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0404089101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2004] [Accepted: 09/09/2004] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A large-scale assay was performed by transfecting 29,910 individual cDNA clones derived from human placenta, fetus, and normal liver tissues into human hepatoma cells and 22,926 cDNA clones into mouse NIH 3T3 cells. Based on the results of colony formation in hepatoma cells and foci formation in NIH 3T3 cells, 3,806 cDNA species (8,237 clones) were found to possess the ability of either stimulating or inhibiting cell growth. Among them, 2,836 (6,958 clones) were known genes, 372 (384 clones) were previously unrecognized genes, and 598 (895 clones) were unigenes of uncharacterized structure and function. A comprehensive analysis of the genes and the potential mechanisms for their involvement in the regulation of cell growth is provided. The genes were classified into four categories: I, genes related to the basic cellular mechanism for growth and survival; II, genes related to the cellular microenvironment; III, genes related to host-cell systemic regulation; and IV, genes of miscellaneous function. The extensive growth-regulatory activity of genes with such highly diversified functions suggests that cancer may be related to multiple levels of cellular and systemic controls. The present assay provides a direct genomewide functional screening method. It offers a better understanding of the basic machinery of oncogenesis, including previously undescribed systemic regulatory mechanisms, and also provides a tool for gene discovery with potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafang Wan
- National Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Cancer Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Research Center of Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China; and BioInfo Bridge, 16905 George Washington Drive, Rockville, MD 20853
| | - Yi Gong
- National Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Cancer Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Research Center of Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China; and BioInfo Bridge, 16905 George Washington Drive, Rockville, MD 20853
| | - Wenxin Qin
- National Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Cancer Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Research Center of Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China; and BioInfo Bridge, 16905 George Washington Drive, Rockville, MD 20853
| | - Pingping Zhang
- National Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Cancer Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Research Center of Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China; and BioInfo Bridge, 16905 George Washington Drive, Rockville, MD 20853
| | - Jinjun Li
- National Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Cancer Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Research Center of Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China; and BioInfo Bridge, 16905 George Washington Drive, Rockville, MD 20853
| | - Lin Wei
- National Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Cancer Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Research Center of Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China; and BioInfo Bridge, 16905 George Washington Drive, Rockville, MD 20853
| | - Xiaomei Zhou
- National Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Cancer Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Research Center of Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China; and BioInfo Bridge, 16905 George Washington Drive, Rockville, MD 20853
| | - Hongnian Li
- National Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Cancer Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Research Center of Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China; and BioInfo Bridge, 16905 George Washington Drive, Rockville, MD 20853
| | - Xiaokun Qiu
- National Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Cancer Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Research Center of Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China; and BioInfo Bridge, 16905 George Washington Drive, Rockville, MD 20853
| | - Fei Zhong
- National Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Cancer Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Research Center of Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China; and BioInfo Bridge, 16905 George Washington Drive, Rockville, MD 20853
| | - Liping He
- National Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Cancer Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Research Center of Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China; and BioInfo Bridge, 16905 George Washington Drive, Rockville, MD 20853
| | - Jian Yu
- National Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Cancer Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Research Center of Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China; and BioInfo Bridge, 16905 George Washington Drive, Rockville, MD 20853
| | - Genfu Yao
- National Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Cancer Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Research Center of Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China; and BioInfo Bridge, 16905 George Washington Drive, Rockville, MD 20853
| | - Huiqiu Jiang
- National Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Cancer Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Research Center of Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China; and BioInfo Bridge, 16905 George Washington Drive, Rockville, MD 20853
| | - Lianfang Qian
- National Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Cancer Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Research Center of Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China; and BioInfo Bridge, 16905 George Washington Drive, Rockville, MD 20853
| | - Ye Yu
- National Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Cancer Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Research Center of Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China; and BioInfo Bridge, 16905 George Washington Drive, Rockville, MD 20853
| | - Huiqun Shu
- National Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Cancer Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Research Center of Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China; and BioInfo Bridge, 16905 George Washington Drive, Rockville, MD 20853
| | - Xianlian Chen
- National Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Cancer Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Research Center of Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China; and BioInfo Bridge, 16905 George Washington Drive, Rockville, MD 20853
| | - Huili Xu
- National Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Cancer Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Research Center of Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China; and BioInfo Bridge, 16905 George Washington Drive, Rockville, MD 20853
| | - Minglei Guo
- National Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Cancer Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Research Center of Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China; and BioInfo Bridge, 16905 George Washington Drive, Rockville, MD 20853
| | - Zhimei Pan
- National Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Cancer Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Research Center of Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China; and BioInfo Bridge, 16905 George Washington Drive, Rockville, MD 20853
| | - Yan Chen
- National Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Cancer Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Research Center of Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China; and BioInfo Bridge, 16905 George Washington Drive, Rockville, MD 20853
| | - Chao Ge
- National Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Cancer Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Research Center of Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China; and BioInfo Bridge, 16905 George Washington Drive, Rockville, MD 20853
| | - Shengli Yang
- National Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Cancer Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Research Center of Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China; and BioInfo Bridge, 16905 George Washington Drive, Rockville, MD 20853
| | - Jianren Gu
- National Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Cancer Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Research Center of Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China; and BioInfo Bridge, 16905 George Washington Drive, Rockville, MD 20853
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11
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Zhang J, Moseley A, Jegga AG, Gupta A, Witte DP, Sartor M, Medvedovic M, Williams SS, Ley-Ebert C, Coolen LM, Egnaczyk G, Genter MB, Lehman M, Lingrel J, Maggio J, Parysek L, Walsh R, Xu M, Aronow BJ. Neural system-enriched gene expression: relationship to biological pathways and neurological diseases. Physiol Genomics 2004; 18:167-83. [PMID: 15126645 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00220.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the commitment of the genome to nervous system differentiation and function, we sought to compare nervous system gene expression to that of a wide variety of other tissues by gene expression database construction and mining. Gene expression profiles of 10 different adult nervous tissues were compared with that of 72 other tissues. Using ANOVA, we identified 1,361 genes whose expression was higher in the nervous system than other organs and, separately, 600 genes whose expression was at least threefold higher in one or more regions of the nervous system compared with their median expression across all organs. Of the 600 genes, 381 overlapped with the 1,361-gene list. Limited in situ gene expression analysis confirmed that identified genes did represent nervous system-enriched gene expression, and we therefore sought to evaluate the validity and significance of these top-ranked nervous system genes using known gene literature and gene ontology categorization criteria. Diverse functional categories were present in the 381 genes, including genes involved in intracellular signaling, cytoskeleton structure and function, enzymes, RNA metabolism and transcription, membrane proteins, as well as cell differentiation, death, proliferation, and division. We searched existing public sites and identified 110 known genes related to mental retardation, neurological disease, and neurodegeneration. Twenty-one of the 381 genes were within the 110-gene list, compared with a random expectation of 5. This suggests that the 381 genes provide a candidate set for further analyses in neurological and psychiatric disease studies and that as a field, we are as yet, far from a large-scale understanding of the genes that are critical for nervous system structure and function. Together, our data indicate the power of profiling an individual biologic system in a multisystem context to gain insight into the genomic basis of its structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati 45267, USA.
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12
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Abstract
To date, dozens of melanoma-associated antigens (MAGEs) have been identified and classified into 2 subgroups, I and II. Subgroup I consists of antigens which expression is generally restricted to tumor or germ cells, also named as cancer/testis (CT) antigen. Proteins and peptides derived from some of these antigens have been utilized in promising clinical trials of immunotherapies for gastrointestinal carcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, pulmonary carcinoma and so on. Various MAGE family members play important physiological and pathological roles during embryogenesis, germ cell genesis, apoptosis, etc. However, little is known regarding the role of MAGE family members in cell activities. It is reasonable to speculate that the genes for subgroup I MAGEs, which play important roles during embryogenesis, could be later deactivated by a genetic mechanism such as methylation. In the case of tumor formation, these genes are reactivated and the resultant proteins may be recognized and attacked by the immune system. Thus, the subgroup I MAGEs may play important roles in the immune surveillance of certain tumor types. Here, we review the classifications of MAGE family genes and what is known of their biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Xiao
- Hepatology Institute, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
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13
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Bertrand M, Huijbers I, Chomez P, De Backer O. Comparative expression analysis of theMAGED genes during embryogenesis and brain development. Dev Dyn 2004; 230:325-34. [PMID: 15162511 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.20026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The MAGED gene subfamily contains three genes in mouse and four in human. The MAGED1, D2, and D3 proteins are highly conserved between mouse and human, whereas paralogues are less conserved between each other. This finding suggests that each MAGED protein exerts a distinct function. To get a better insight into their physiological roles, we have analyzed their expression patterns during embryogenesis and brain development. In the mouse, Maged3 expression is restricted to the central nervous system where it was mostly detected in postmitotic neurons. Maged2 is mainly expressed in tissues of mesodermal origin. The expression pattern of Maged1 roughly summarizes that of Maged2 and Maged3; however, contrary to that of Maged3, it includes the proliferative zones of the nervous system. We observed a discrepancy between Maged1 expression levels of RNA and protein, suggesting that its expression is regulated at a posttranscriptional level during the mouse development.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Aging/genetics
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Antigens, Neoplasm
- Antigens, Surface/genetics
- Antigens, Surface/metabolism
- Brain/cytology
- Brain/embryology
- Brain/growth & development
- Brain/metabolism
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Embryo, Mammalian/cytology
- Embryo, Mammalian/embryology
- Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism
- Embryonic Development/genetics
- Female
- Fetus/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Pregnancy
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Bertrand
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie, Unité de Recherches en Physiologie Moléculaire, Facultés Universitaires Notre Dame de la Paix, Namur, Belgium
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Zendman AJW, Ruiter DJ, Van Muijen GNP. Cancer/testis-associated genes: identification, expression profile, and putative function. J Cell Physiol 2003; 194:272-88. [PMID: 12548548 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.10215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer/testis-associated genes (CTAs) are a subgroup of tumor antigens with a restricted expression in testis and malignancies. During the last decade, many of these immunotherapy candidate genes have been discovered using various approaches. Most of these genes are localized on the X-chromosome, often as multigene families. Methylation status seems to be the main, but not the only regulator of their specific expression pattern. In testis, CTAs are exclusively present in cells of the germ cell lineage, though there is a lot of variation in the moment of expression during different stages of sperm development. Likewise, there is also a lot of heterogeneity in the expression of CTAs in melanoma samples. Clues regarding functionality of CTAs for many of these proteins point to a role in cell cycle regulation or transcriptional control. Better insights in the function of these genes may shed light on the link between spermatogenesis and tumor growth and could be of use in anti-tumor therapies. This review outlines the CTA family and focuses on their expression and putative function during male germ cell development and melanocytic tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert J W Zendman
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center St. Radboud, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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