1
|
Heinzl GC, Eriksen DB, Johnsen PR, Scarafoni A, Frøkiær H. Protein Concentration Affects the Food Allergen γ-Conglutin Uptake and Bacteria-Induced Cytokine Production in Dendritic Cells. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1531. [PMID: 37892213 PMCID: PMC10605286 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
γ-Conglutin (γ-C) from lupin seeds has been identified as a potent allergen with cross reactivity to peanuts. Here, we investigated how γ-C affected the response in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) to bacterial stimuli. γ-C enhanced L. acidophilus NCFM (LaNCFM)-induced IL-12, IL-10, and IL-23 dose-dependently. In contrast, together with E. coli Nissle or LPS, γ-C reduced the production of IL-12 but not of IL-23 and IL-10. Enzyme-hydrolyzed γ-C also enhanced LaNCFM-induced IL-12 and IL-23 production. All preparations induced ROS production in the DCs. The mannose receptor ligands mannan and dextran and the clathrin inhibitor monodansylcadaverine partly inhibited the endocytosis of γ-C. Kunitz trypsin inhibitor and the scavenger receptor ligand polyG also enhanced LaNCFM-induced IL-12, indicating the involvement of receptors other than C-type lectin receptors. The endocytosis of labeled γ-C increased dose-dependently by addition of unlabeled γ-C, which coincided with γ-C's tendency to aggregate. Taken together, γ-C aggregation affects endocytosis and affects the cytokine production induced by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria differently. We suggest that γ-C is taken up by the same mechanism as other food proteins but due to aggregation is present in higher concentration in the DCs. This could influence the resulting T-cell response in a microbial stimuli-dependent way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuditta C Heinzl
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Danny Blichfeldt Eriksen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Peter Riber Johnsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Alessio Scarafoni
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Hanne Frøkiær
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Akhtar N, Cai HY, Kiarie EG, Li J. A novel Bacillus sp. with rapid growth property and high enzyme activity that allows efficient fermentation of soybean meal for improving digestibility in growing pigs. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:3-17. [PMID: 34464998 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Soybean meal (SBM) contributes high-quality dietary protein for pigs. However, it also contains antinutritional factors such as allergenic high molecular weight proteins and non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) that limit its use. Therefore, the objective of this study was to screen and characterize a robust Bacillus sp. from camel dung for soybean meal fermentation to improve the digestibility in growing pigs. METHODS AND RESULTS Molecular characterization revealed that isolate 9 (hereinafter referred to as "CP-9") was a Bacillus subtilis strain. It secreted cellulase (0.07 U ml-1 ), xylanase (1.91 U ml-1 ), and amylase (2.66 U ml-1 ) into the culture supernatant. Isolate CP-9 showed rapid growth on LB agar plates and grew at a wide range of pH (3.0-9.0) and temperatures (23-50°C) in LB broth. Protein profiling of SBM using SDS-PAGE showed a significant reduction of large globular proteins to small peptides after 48 h of fermentation. On a dry matter basis, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) of the fermented SBM (F-SBM) was decreased by 34.25% (from 9.72 to 7.24%) with an increase in CP content by 16.54% (from 48.74 to 56.80%). Pigs fed with a semi-purified diet formulated with F-SBM as the sole source of crude protein had higher (p < 0.05) apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of DM (80.0 vs. 71.7%), ash (55.6 vs. 36.1%), CP (84.2 vs. 78.3%), NDF (70.9 vs. 66.0%), and ADF (62.4 vs. 53.3%) compared with pigs fed with unfermented soybean meal (UF-SBM). CONCLUSIONS A novel Bacillus subtilis strain CP-9 was isolated and characterized from camel dung for efficient fermentation of SBM. This bacterium ameliorates physico-chemical characteristics of F-SBM and improved nutrient digestibility in growing pigs. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Our data suggest that a low-cost solid-state SBM fermentation was developed using this newly isolated bacterium. The resultant F-SBM improved the nutrient digestibility in growing pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Akhtar
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hugh Y Cai
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elijah G Kiarie
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julang Li
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bai J, Hui J, Lu Q, Yang A, Yuan J, Gao J, Wu Z, Li X, Tong P, Chen H. Effect of transglutaminase cross-linking on the allergenicity of tofu based on a BALB/c mouse model. Food Funct 2020; 11:404-413. [PMID: 31825421 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02376c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Soybean products are limited in terms of safe consumption because of the sensitization of raw materials. In this study, the allergenicity of cross-linked tofu with microbial transglutaminase (MTG) was evaluated on the basis of a BALB/c mouse model. The mice were randomly divided into five groups. Cholera toxin was used as an adjuvant to sensitize the mice through intragastric administration, and tofu was given orally to investigate its sensitization effect on the mice. The allergy symptoms, body temperature, and weight of the mice were detected. The immunoglobulin E (IgE), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and spleen cytokines of the mice were determined through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The regulation of the differentiation balance of the different subsets of splenic T lymphocyte (Th1, Th2) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the mice was measured through flow cytometry. Results showed that the mice administered with MTG-cross-linked tofu had fewer allergic symptoms compared with those of the control group. The concentrations of serum-specific IgE and IgG, plasma histamine, and mast cell protease 1 (mMCP-1) significantly decreased. The Th2-related cytokine levels reduced, and the IFN-γ levels increased. The proportion of Th2 cells decreased, and the proportion of CD4+CD25+Foxp+ Tregs increased as the percentage of Th1 cells increased. Therefore, the sensitization of enzymatic cross-linked tofu decreased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanjing Dong Lu 235, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang L, Xu Y, Zhou Y. Improvement of nutritional quality of soybean meal by Fe(II)-assisted acetic acid treatment. Food Chem 2019; 283:475-480. [PMID: 30722901 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of Fe(II)-assisted acetic acid treatment on improvement of nutrition quality of soybean meal (SBM) by degrading antinutritional factors (ANFs) and maintaining initial nutrition quality. Fe(II)-assistance reduced trypsin inhibitor (TI) content significantly from 5.20 to 0.86 mg/g, and allergenic proteins were completely degraded at 55 °C, due to changes in the conformation of soybean protein isolate (SPI) that renders proteins more prone to acetic acid-mediated degradation. The red-shift of maximum emission wavelength indicated that Fe(II)-assisted acid induced molecular unfolding of SPI and increased surface hydrophobicity. Investigation of protein secondary structure revealed that Fe(II)-assisted acid treatment decreased the β-sheet structure by 4.65% and increased the α-helical content by 7.37%. This demonstrated that Fe(II) and acetic acid synergistically degrade ANFs by altering protein conformations in SBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu JJ, Zhang Y, Dong JH, Cao CM, Li B, Feng SB, Ding HY, Ma LY, Wang XC, Li Y. Allergens and intestinal damage induced by soybean antigen proteins in weaned piglets. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2016.1200441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Jie Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ji Hong Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Ming Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Bao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shi Bin Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Hong Yan Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Liang You Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xi Chun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Aguirre L, Hebert EM, Garro MS, Savoy de Giori G. Proteolytic activity of Lactobacillus strains on soybean proteins. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
7
|
Kumar S, Sharma A, Neelabh, Singh G, Verma AK, Roy R, Gupta R, Misra A, Tripathi A, Ansari KM, Das M, Shanker R, Dwivedi PD. Allergenic responses of green gram (Vigna radiata L. Millsp) proteins can be vitiated by induction of oral tolerance due to single acute dose in BALB/c mice. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
8
|
Sun H, Liu X, Wang YZ, Liu JX, Feng J. Allergen-specific immunoglobulin, histamine and T-cell responses induced by soybean glycinin and β-conglycinin in BALB/c mice of oral sensitisation. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2012.730501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
9
|
Wang Z, Li L, Yuan D, Zhao X, Cui S, Hu J, Wang J. Reduction of the allergenic protein in soybean meal by enzymatic hydrolysis. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2013.782268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
10
|
Takács K, Guillamon E, Pedrosa MM, Cuadrado C, Burbano C, Muzquiz M, Haddad J, Allaf K, Maczó A, Polgár M, Gelencsér É. Study of the effect of instant controlled pressure drop (DIC) treatment on IgE-reactive legume-protein patterns by electrophoresis and immunoblot. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2012.759539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
11
|
Hao Y, Piao X, Piao X. Saikosaponin-d inhibits β-conglycinin induced activation of rat basophilic leukemia-2H3 cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 13:257-63. [PMID: 22580215 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
β-Conglycinin is one of the major storage proteins in soybean and has been identified as a potential diagnostic marker for severe allergic reactions to soybean. Unfortunately, there is a lack of information on the signal transduction pathways of β-conglycinin induced mast cell activation and how to alleviate these allergic reactions. Bupleurum falcatum, a traditional oriental medicine, has been widely utilized in the treatment of influenza, fever, malaria and menstrual disorders. Furthermore, it has been reported that saikosaponins, the important principle of B. falcatum, possesses anti-allergic activities. Therefore, the present study investigated whether or not saikosaponin-d, an extract of B. falcatum, was effective in the treatment of allergic reactions cased by β-conglycinin, using a rat basophilic leukemia-2H3 cell line. There were multiple signaling pathways contributing to the development of β-conglycinin-mediated rat basophilic leukemia-2H3 cell activation. The intracellular calcium mobilization and tyrosine phosphorylation were early events, which in turn elicited reactive oxygen species production, gene activation of Cdc42 and c-Fos, and ultimately led to β-hexosaminidase release. Saikosaponin-d inhibited rat basophilic leukemia-2H3 cell degranulation by suppressing these critical incidents in the signal transduction pathway. These results suggest that saikosaponin-d exhibited anti-allergic activity and could become an effective herbal therapy for alleviating soybean allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hao Y, Li D, Piao X, Piao X. Forsythia suspensa extract alleviates hypersensitivity induced by soybean beta-conglycinin in weaned piglets. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 128:412-8. [PMID: 20083183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Soybeans are known to stimulate food allergies; however, current therapies are lacking in alleviating hypersensitivity. The present study investigated whether Forsythia suspensa extract could attenuate purified soybean beta-conglycinin-induced anaphylactic reactions in weaned piglets. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen 14-day-old piglets were sensitized and boosted by oral administration of purified beta-conglycinin. Forsythia suspensa extract was supplemented in the diet after the initial sensitization and continued for the remainder of the experiment. Piglets were challenged on day 28, and anaphylactic symptoms, passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, plasma histamine and intestinal microbial flora were analyzed. T-cell proliferative responses and cytokine production were also determined. RESULTS Forsythia suspensa extract alleviated beta-conglycinin-induced anaphylactic symptoms by markedly reducing anaphylactic antibodies, mast cell degranulation, and histamine release while improving intestinal microbial flora. Furthermore, Forsythia suspensa extract significantly suppressed beta-conglycinin-induced T lymphocyte proliferation and IL-4 synthesis. CONCLUSION Forsythia suspensa extract protected beta-conglycinin-sensitized piglets from anaphylactic reactions. Forsythia suspensa extract may provide a novel effective therapy for soybean allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, No 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu X, Feng J, Xu ZR, Wang YZ, Liu JX. Oral allergy syndrome and anaphylactic reactions in BALB/c mice caused by soybean glycinin and β-conglycinin. Clin Exp Allergy 2007; 38:350-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02893.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
14
|
Guo P, Piao X, Cao Y, Ou D, Li D. Recombinant soybean protein beta-conglycinin alpha'-subunit expression and induced hypersensitivity reaction in rats. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2007; 145:102-10. [PMID: 17823539 DOI: 10.1159/000108135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2006] [Accepted: 04/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major storage protein in soybean seed is beta-conglycinin and this protein has been identified as being responsible for food-allergic reactions in several species. However, the mechanism through which beta-conglycinin induces an allergic reaction has not yet been elucidated. In addition, assessing the antigenic activity of beta-conglycinin by studying the activity of a subunit has rarely been conducted. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to characterize the antigenic specificity of the beta-conglycinin alpha'-subunit. METHODS We established an Escherichia coli expression system to obtain beta-conglycinin alpha'-subunit. The fusion proteins were then used in a rat model to induce a hypersensitive reaction. Immunoblotting, IgE and IgG1 level, histamine release, and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reactions and intestinal histology were tested to assess the allergenic activity of the beta-conglycinin alpha'-subunit. RESULTS Pure beta-conglycinin alpha'-subunit was obtained by expression in E. coli. The recombinant proteins were shown to have the same biological activity as the natural beta-conglycinin alpha'-subunit using immunoblotting analysis. Both the IgE and IgG1 level in serum and the histamine concentration in the intestine were increased while passive cutaneous anaphylactic reactions were induced in Brown Norway rats by intragastric gavage with the alpha'-subunit. Histamine release of mast cells was also elevated in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the beta-conglycinin alpha'-subunit possesses an intrinsic immune-stimulating capacity and that it can induce an allergic reaction. Moreover, this study showed that beta-conglycinin alpha'-subunit-induced anaphylaxis is IgE mediated, and mast cell degranulation and histamine release are associated with anaphylactic symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Guo P, Piao X, Ou D, Li D, Hao Y. Characterization of the antigenic specificity of soybean protein β-conglycinin and its effects on growth and immune function in rats. Arch Anim Nutr 2007; 61:189-200. [PMID: 17578261 DOI: 10.1080/17450390701318358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to characterize the antigenic specificity of purified soybean beta-conglycinin and to investigate its effects on the growth and immune responses of rats. Thirty-two Brown Norway rats, 3 weeks of age, were randomly allotted to one of four treatments and individually fed casein-cornstarch based diets. Rats were sensitised by means of intragastric gavage with purified beta-conglycinin (0, 5, 10 or 20 mg protein/ml in phosphate buffered saline at pH 7.4) on day 0, 7, 14, and 21 (1 ml/animal). On day 28, rats received a double dose of beta-conglycinin. Blood was obtained at weekly intervals after initiation of challenge. Growth declined linearly with increasing the concentration of soybean beta-conglycinin (p < 0.05). Both the total IgE and beta-conglycinin-specific IgE levels in serum increased while passive cutaneous anaphylactic reactions were induced in the rats. Lymphocyte proliferation response to concanavalin A in plasma and spleen was increased linearly with increased levels of soybean (p < 0.01) beta-conglycinin. The percentage of CD4+ lymphocyte subset linearly increased (p < 0.001). As a result, the concentrations of cytokines in plasma and spleen, including interleukin-4 (p < 0.01), interleukin-5 (p < 0.01), and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (p < 0.01) increased linearly with increasing level of purified beta-conglycinin. Our results indicate that purified beta-conglycinin possesses intrinsic immune-stimulating capacity and can induce an allergic reaction. Therefore, dietary soybean beta-conglycinin has negative effects on growth and both cell-mediated and humoral immune function in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lee HW, Keum EH, Lee SJ, Sung DE, Chung DH, Lee SI, Oh S. Allergenicity of Proteolytic Hydrolysates of the Soybean 11S Globulin. J Food Sci 2007; 72:C168-72. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00307.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
17
|
Foss N, Duranti M, Magni C, Frøkiaer H. Assessment of Lupin Allergenicity in the Cholera Toxin Model: Induction of IgE Response Depends on the Intrinsic Properties of the Conglutins and Matrix Effects. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2006; 141:141-50. [PMID: 16864993 DOI: 10.1159/000094716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2005] [Accepted: 03/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The well-established murine model of IgE-mediated food allergy, based on oral administration of antigen and cholera toxin (CT), has within the previous years been used to evaluate various food proteins. Nonetheless, little knowledge on the factors that determine the allergenicity of food proteins is available so far. The use of proteins from the legume seed Lupinus albus as food ingredients calls for an evaluation of their allergenic potential, and therefore, we applied the cited model to investigate the putative allergenicity of three lupin protein preparations representing different matrices in which the four types of conglutins are present in varying concentrations. METHODS Weekly, BALB/c A mice were orally immunized with the three lupin protein products together with CT. Total specific antibodies and IgE were determined by ELISA and Western blotting. RESULTS A dose-dependent Ig response against the analyzed proteins was observed for all three lupin products, while IgE responses against conglutins beta, gamma and delta, but not against conglutin alpha, were primarily detected after oral administration of lupin flakes. Whereas no differences among the samples for total specific Ig responses were seen, orally administered lupin flake extracts were much more efficient in inducing a conglutin-specific IgE response compared with fractionated lupin protein products. CONCLUSIONS Although the lupin-specific Ig response induced by coadministration of CT and lupin proteins appears to be dose dependent, the IgE response appears to depend merely on some intrinsic properties of the proteins as well as some factors of the protein matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Foss
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Group, BioCentrum-DTU, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gizzarelli F, Corinti S, Barletta B, Iacovacci P, Brunetto B, Butteroni C, Afferni C, Onori R, Miraglia M, Panzini G, Di Felice G, Tinghino R. Evaluation of allergenicity of genetically modified soybean protein extract in a murine model of oral allergen-specific sensitization. Clin Exp Allergy 2006; 36:238-48. [PMID: 16433863 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02415.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the development of genetically modified crop plants there has been a growing interest in the approaches available to assess the potential allergenicity of novel gene products. For additional assessment of the potential allergenicity of expressed proteins, informative data can be generated using animal models. Soybean is one of the major source of protein in human and animal nutrition, and has also been well characterized as a major allergenic source. Advances in biotechnology have resulted in an increasing number of genetically engineered foods, and among these soybean is one of the most widespread. OBJECTIVE To develop and characterize a murine model of IgE-mediated soybean sensitization induced by intragastric immunization, in the presence of Cholera Toxin, with wild-type soybean extract (wt-SE) or with genetically modified soybean extract (gm-SE). METHODS Balb/c mice born in our animal facilities, from females fed on soy-free food, were fed with the same soy-free food and used in all the experiments. Mice were sensitized by gavages with soybean extracts, and allergen-specific IgE and IgG responses were studied by direct ELISA and ELISA inhibition. Antigen-specific cell proliferation and cytokine production were evaluated in spleen cell cultures. Results Sensitization with both soybean extracts induced high levels of antigen-specific IgE and IgG1 and low levels of specific IgG2a. Both wt-SE and gm-SE were able to inhibit the binding of specific IgE from mice immunized with gm-SE to the same antigen used for the ELISA coating. A comparable proliferative response was obtained with the homologous as well as with the heterologous extracts. CONCLUSION In sensitized mice, we observed a predominantly T-helper type 2 (Th2)-type immune response, with increased soybean-specific IgE and IgG1 antibodies and a concomitant increase of IL-4 and IL-5 production. RESULTS obtained by specific IgE ELISA inhibition and by antigen-specific T cell proliferation demonstrated that wt-SE and gm-SE shared B and T epitopes. The present murine model of soybean sensitization established by the oral route should provide valuable information about risk assessment for food allergy from new proteins of genetically modified foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Gizzarelli
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wilson S, Blaschek K, de Mejia E. Allergenic Proteins in Soybean: Processing and Reduction of P34 Allergenicity. Nutr Rev 2005; 63:47-58. [PMID: 15762088 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2005.tb00121.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean ranks among the "big 8" of the most allergenic foods, and with increasing consumption of soybean products, the incidence of soy-caused allergies is expected to escalate. Soybean and its derivatives have become ubiquitous in vegetarian and many meat-based food products, and as a result, dietary avoidance has become difficult. However, soybeans can be manipulated in a variety of ways to alter their allergenicity. Several studies have focused on reducing the allergenicity of soybeans by changing the structure of the immunodominant allergen P34 using food processing, agronomic, or genetic manipulation techniques. A review of the literature pertaining to these studies is presented here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Wilson
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 61801, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Christensen HR, Brix S, Frøkiaer H. Immune response in mice to ingested soya protein: antibody production, oral tolerance and maternal transfer. Br J Nutr 2004; 91:725-32. [PMID: 15137924 DOI: 10.1079/bjn20041093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
While allergic reactions to soya are increasingly investigated, the normal immune response to ingested soya is scarcely described. In the present study, we wanted to characterise the soya-specific immune response in healthy mice ingesting soya protein. Mice fed a soya-containing diet (F0) and mice of the first (F1) and second (F2) offspring generation bred on a soya protein-free diet were used either directly or were transferred between the soya-containing and soya protein-free diet during pregnancy or neonatal life. The mice were compared as to levels of naturally occurring specific antibodies analysed by ELISA, and to the presence of oral tolerance detected as a suppressed antibody and cell-proliferation response upon immunisation with soya protein. F0 mice generated soya-specific antibodies, while oral tolerance to the same soya proteins was also clearly induced. When F0 dams were transferred to soya protein-free feed before mating, the F1 and F2 offspring generations showed no significantly different response, indicating that soya-specific immune components were not maternally transmitted. However, the ingestion of dietary soya protein by F1 mice during late pregnancy and lactation caused a lasting antibody response in the offspring, but in this case in the absence of oral tolerance. This indicates that, under certain conditions, factors involved in spontaneous antibody production can be transmitted from mother to offspring. Understanding the immune response to soya protein ingested under healthy conditions is important in the assessment of adverse effects of soya protein and in the use of animal allergy models. The present results add to this understanding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanne R Christensen
- BioCentrum-DTU, Biochemistry and Nutrition, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|