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Wan JY, Yao H, Zhang CF, Huang WH, Zhang Q, Liu Z, Bi Y, Williams S, Wang CZ, Yuan CS. Red American ginseng enhances the effect of fluorouracil on human colon cancer cells via both paraptosis and apoptosis pathways. J Appl Biomed 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Guo J, Xu S, Huang X, Li L, Zhang C, Pan Q, Ren Z, Zhou R, Ren Y, Zi J, Wu L, Stenvang J, Brünner N, Wen B, Liu S. Drug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines is Partially Associated with Aneuploidy Status in Light of Profiling Gene Expression. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:4047-4059. [PMID: 27457664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A priority in solving the problem of drug resistance is to understand the molecular mechanism of how a drug induces the resistance response within cells. Because many cancer cells exhibit chromosome aneuploidy, we explored whether changes of aneuploidy status result in drug resistance. Two typical colorectal cancer cells, HCT116 and LoVo, were cultured with the chemotherapeutic drugs irinotecan (SN38) or oxaliplatin (QxPt), and the non- and drug-resistant cell lines were selected. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was employed to evaluate the aneuploidy status of these cells, and RNAseq and LC-MS/MS were implemented to examine gene expression at both mRNA and protein level. The data of gene expression was well-matched with the genomic conclusion that HCT116 was a near diploid cell, whereas LoVo was an aneuploid cell with the increased abundance of mRNA and protein for these genes located at chromosomes 5, 7, 12, and 15. By comparing the genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data, the LoVo cells with SN38 tolerance showed an increased genome copy in chromosome 14, and the expression levels of the genes on this chromosome were also significantly increased. Thus, we first observed that SN38 could impact the aneuploidy status in cancer cells, which was partially associated with the acquired drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Shaohang Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Xuanlin Huang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Lin Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Congmin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qingfei Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhen Ren
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Ruo Zhou
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Yan Ren
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Jin Zi
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Lin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jan Stenvang
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Section for Molecular Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen , Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nils Brünner
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Section for Molecular Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen , Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo Wen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
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Yu T, Hou F, Liu M, Zhou L, Li D, Liu J, Fan Z, Li Q. Norcantharidin anti-angiogenesis activity possibly through an endothelial cell pathway in human colorectal cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:499-503. [PMID: 22524814 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.2.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was based on the unexpected discovery that norcantharidin exerted anti-angiogenesis activity when effects on growth of human colon cancer were studied. The aim was to further verify this finding and explore possible mechanisms using a tumor xenograft model in nude mice. We confirmed that norcantharidin (5 or 15 mg/kg) could inhibit angiogenesis of human colon cancer in vivo. In vitro, crossing river assay, cell adhesion assay and tube formation assay indicated that NCTD could reduce the migration, adhesion and vascular network tube formation ability of HUVECs. At the same time, the expression levels of VEGF and VEGFR-2 proteins which play important roles in angiogenesis were reduced as examined by western blotting analysis. Taken together, the results firstly showed NCTD could inhibit angiogenesis of human colon cancer in vivo, probably associated with effects on migration, adhesion and vascular network tube formation of HUVECs and expression levels of VEGF and VEGFR-2 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Chinese Medical Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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Park SH, Choi HJ, Yang H, Do KH, Kim J, Kim HH, Lee H, Oh CG, Lee DW, Moon Y. Two in-and-out modulation strategies for endoplasmic reticulum stress-linked gene expression of pro-apoptotic macrophage-inhibitory cytokine 1. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:19841-55. [PMID: 22511768 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.330639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive and persistent insults during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress lead to apoptotic cell death that is implicated in a range of chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers. Macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 (MIC-1), a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, is diversely linked to the pathogenesis of cancer. To investigate the precise molecular mechanisms of MIC-1 gene regulation, ER stress and its related signals were studied in human colon cancer cells. Functionally, MIC-1 played pivotal roles in ER stress-linked apoptotic death, which was also influenced by C/EBP homologous protein, a well known apoptotic mediator of ER stress. ER stress enhanced MIC-1 mRNA stability instead of transcriptional activation, and there were two mechanistic translocations critical for mRNA stabilization. First, C/EBP homologous protein triggered protein kinase C-linked cytosolic translocation of the HuR/ELAVL1 (Elav-like RNA-binding protein 1) RNA-binding protein, which bound to and stabilized MIC-1 transcript. As the second critical in-and-out regulation, ER stress-activated ERK1/2 signals contributed to enhanced stabilization of MIC-1 transcript by controlling the extended holding of the nucleated mRNA in the stress granules fusing with the mRNA-decaying processing body. We propose that these two sequential in-and-out modulations can account for stabilized transcription and subsequent translation of pro-apoptotic MIC-1 gene in human cancer cells under ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Hwan Park
- Laboratory of Systems Mucosal Biomodulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
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5
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Yang H, Park SH, Choi HJ, Moon Y. The integrated stress response-associated signals modulates intestinal tumor cell growth by NSAID-activated gene 1 (NAG-1/MIC-1/PTGF- ). Carcinogenesis 2010; 31:703-11. [PMID: 20130018 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-813, Korea
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Li XL, Wang CZ, Mehendale SR, Sun S, Wang Q, Yuan CS. Panaxadiol, a purified ginseng component, enhances the anti-cancer effects of 5-fluorouracil in human colorectal cancer cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2009; 64:1097-104. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-009-0966-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2008] [Accepted: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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7
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Ehrhardt A, Engler JA, Xu H, Cherry AM, Kay MA. Molecular analysis of chromosomal rearrangements in mammalian cells after phiC31-mediated integration. Hum Gene Ther 2007; 17:1077-94. [PMID: 17069535 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2006.17.1077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reports on insertional mutagenesis due to integration of gene therapy vectors into the host genome have raised concerns about the genetic manipulation of somatic cells. Previously, it was demonstrated that integrase phiC31 derived from a Streptomyces phage mediates site-specific integration into the host genome of mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo by recombining the attB recognition site in an episomal plasmid and one or more pseudoattP sites in the host chromosomes. In the present study we investigated whether cryptic phiC31 recognition sites in the host genome may result in chromosomal rearrangements. Of 69 independent integration events analyzed in human cells, 6 (8.7%) integrated into human chromosome 19 (19q13.31) and 10 (14.49%) integrated into human chromosome 12 (12q22). Most importantly, of all integration sites analyzed, 15% were found to contain an integrated transgene that was flanked by DNA sequences originating from two different chromosomes. To confirm chromosomal translocations we performed a polymerase chain reaction analysis of chromosomal DNA flanking the transgene and also performed limited studies to determine the genotype of single-cell clones. Although the mechanism responsible for chromosomal translocations needs to be further characterized, we speculate that cryptic phiC31 attachment sites flanking the transgene and cryptic phiC31 attachment sites in the host genome recombine with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Ehrhardt
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Wang CZ, Zhang B, Song WX, Wang A, Ni M, Luo X, Aung HH, Xie JT, Tong R, He TC, Yuan CS. Steamed American ginseng berry: ginsenoside analyses and anticancer activities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:9936-42. [PMID: 17177524 DOI: 10.1021/jf062467k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the changes in saponin content in American ginseng berries after treatment by heating and to assess the anticancer effects of the extracts. After steaming treatment (100-120 degrees C for 1 h, and 120 degrees C for 0.5-4 h), the content of seven ginsenosides, Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, and Rd, decreased; the content of five ginsenosides, Rh1, Rg2, 20R-Rg2, Rg3, and Rh2, increased. Rg3, a previously identified anticancer ginsenoside, increased significantly. Two hours of steaming at 120 degrees C increased the content of ginsenoside Rg3 to a greater degree than other tested ginsenosides. When human colorectal cancer cells were treated with 0.5 mg/mL steamed berry extract (120 degrees C 2 h), the antiproliferation effects were 97.8% for HCT-116 and 99.6% for SW-480 cells. At the same treatment concentration, the effects of unsteamed berry extract were 34.1% for HCT-116 and 4.9% for SW-480 cells. After staining with Hoechst 33258, apoptotic cells increased significantly by treatment with steamed berry extract compared with unheated extracts. Induction of apoptosis activity was confirmed by flow cytometry after staining with annexin V/PI. The steaming of American ginseng berries augments ginsenoside Rg3 content and increases the antiproliferative effects on two human colorectal cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Zhi Wang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, The Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 4028, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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9
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Ehrhardt A, Engler JA, Xu H, Cherry AM, Kay MA. Molecular Analysis of Chromosomal Rearrangements in Mammalian Cells After �C31-Mediated Integration. Hum Gene Ther 2006. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2006.17.ft-256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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10
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Wang CZ, Luo X, Zhang B, Song WX, Ni M, Mehendale S, Xie JT, Aung HH, He TC, Yuan CS. Notoginseng enhances anti-cancer effect of 5-fluorouracil on human colorectal cancer cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2006; 60:69-79. [PMID: 17009031 PMCID: PMC2657471 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-006-0350-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2006] [Accepted: 09/06/2006] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Panax notoginseng is a commonly used Chinese herb. Although a few studies have found that notoginseng shows anti-tumor effects, the effect of this herb on colorectal cancer cells has not been investigated. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of colorectal cancer that interferes with the growth of cancer cells. However, this compound has serious side effects at high doses. In this study, using HCT-116 human colorectal cancer cell line, we investigated the possible synergistic anti-cancer effects between notoginseng flower extract (NGF) and 5-FU on colon cancer cells. METHODS The anti-proliferation activity of these modes of treatment was evaluated by MTS cell proliferation assay. Apoptotic effects were analyzed by using Hoechst 33258 staining and Annexin-V/PI staining assays. The anti-proliferation effects of four major single compounds from NGF, ginsenosides Rb1, Rb3, Rc and Rg3 were also analyzed. RESULTS Both 5-FU and NGF inhibited proliferation of HCT-116 cells. With increasing doses of 5-FU, the anti-proliferation effect was slowly increased. The combined usage of 5-FU 5 microM and NGF 0.25 mg/ml, significantly increased the anti-proliferation effect (59.4 +/- 3.3%) compared with using the two medicines separately (5-FU 5 microM, 31.1 +/- 0.4%; NGF 0.25 mg/ml, 25.3 +/- 3.6%). Apoptotic analysis showed that at this concentration, 5-FU did not exert an apoptotic effect, while apoptotic cells induced by NGF were observed, suggesting that the anti-proliferation target(s) of NGF may be different from that of 5-FU, which is known to inhibit thymidilate synthase. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that NGF can enhance the anti-proliferation effect of 5-FU on HCT-116 human colorectal cancer cells and may decrease the dosage of 5-FU needed for colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Zhi Wang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 4028, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Xiaoji Luo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Committee on Immunology and Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Wen-Xin Song
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ming Ni
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 4028, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sangeeta Mehendale
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 4028, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jing-Tian Xie
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 4028, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Han H. Aung
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 4028, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 4028, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, e-mail:
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Schrock E, Zschieschang P, O'Brien P, Helmrich A, Hardt T, Matthaei A, Stout-Weider K. Spectral karyotyping of human, mouse, rat and ape chromosomes--applications for genetic diagnostics and research. Cytogenet Genome Res 2006; 114:199-221. [PMID: 16954656 DOI: 10.1159/000094203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2006] [Accepted: 05/19/2006] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Spectral karyotyping (SKY) is a widely used methodology to identify genetic aberrations. Multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization using chromosome painting probes in individual colors for all metaphase chromosomes at once is combined with a unique spectral measurement and analysis system to automatically classify normal and aberrant chromosomes. Based on countless studies and investigations in many laboratories worldwide, numerous new chromosome translocations and other aberrations have been identified in clinical and tumor cytogenetics. Thus, gene identification studies have been facilitated resulting in the dissection of tumor development and progression. For example, different translocation partners of the TEL/ETV6 transcription factor that is specially required for hematopoiesis within the bone marrow were identified. Also, the correct classification of complex karyotypes of solid tumors supports the prognostication of cancer patients. Important accomplishments for patients with genetic diseases, leukemias and lymphomas, mesenchymal tumors and solid cancers are summarized and exemplified. Furthermore, studies of disease mechanisms such as centromeric DNA breakage, DNA double strand break repair, telomere shortening and radiation-induced neoplastic transformation have been accompanied by SKY analyses. Besides the hybridization of human chromosomes, mouse karyotyping has also contributed to the comprehensive characterization of mouse models of human disease and for gene therapy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Schrock
- Institut für Klinische Genetik, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Stewénius Y, Tanke HJ, Wiegant J, Gisselsson D. Cryptic terminal chromosome rearrangements in colorectal carcinoma cell lines detected by subtelomeric FISH analysis. Cytogenet Genome Res 2006; 114:257-62. [PMID: 16954663 DOI: 10.1159/000094210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2005] [Accepted: 12/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial tumour karyotypes are often difficult to study by standard cytogenetic methods because of poor chromosome preparation quality and the high complexity of their genomic rearrangements. Subtelomeric fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) has proved to be a useful method for detecting cryptic constitutional chromosomal rearrangements but little is known about its usefulness for tumour cytogenetic analysis. Using a combination of chromosome banding, multicolour karyotyping and subtelomeric FISH, five colorectal cancer cell lines were characterised. The resulting data were compared to results from previous studies by comparative genomic hybridisation and spectral karyotyping or multicolour FISH. Subtelomeric FISH made it possible to resolve several highly complex chromosome rearrangements, many of which had not been detected or were incompletely characterised by the other methods. In particular, previously undetected terminal imbalances were found in the two cell lines not showing microsatellite instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Stewénius
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
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