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Dong X, Zou M, Li C, Luo H, Zhu S, Gong Z. Leptin receptor Gln223Arg and Lys109Arg polymorphisms may be associated with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma risk: A system review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38634192 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has suggested a strong association of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) susceptibility and Gln223Arg (rs1137101) and Lys109Arg (rs1137100) polymorphisms in leptin receptor (LEPR) genes. To provide a quantitative assessment for such correlation, we reviewed all related systems and conducted meta-analysis for case and control researches. A literature search of Web of Science, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus as well as China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases was collected. 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) together with odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. Five case-control researches consisting of 1323 cases and 1919 control cases were incorporated into meta-analysis. Researches indicated A-allelic and AA genotype of rs1137101 were substantially related to boosted susceptibility of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC (mutant model, OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.36-2.41, p < .001; allelic model, OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.32-1.83, p < .001). On the contrary, we observed GG genotype of rs1137101 substantially related to reduced risk of HBV-related HCC (wild model, OR 0.59, 95%CI = 0.46-0.75, p < .001). We observed AA genotype of rs1137100 relevant to boosted HCC risk (mutant model, OR = 1.51, 95%CI = 1.14-2.01, p = .005) as well as in those with HBV-related HCCs (homozygous model, OR = 2.12, 95%CI = 1.49-3.02, p < .001; mutant model, OR = 1.67, 95%CI = 1.23-2.26, p = .001). G-allele and AA genotype of rs1137101 might be in connection with boosted HBV-related HCC susceptibility, and wild-type GG genotype might prevent diseases. AA genotype of rs1137100 might also improve HBV-related HCC susceptibility. Such conclusions ought to be validated by larger and better-designed researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Dong
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreas and Spleen Surgery, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Mengjie Zou
- Department of Nephrology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Chunxing Li
- Department of Operating Room, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Honglin Luo
- Institute of Oncology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Shaoliang Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreas and Spleen Surgery, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Zheng Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
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Peng WZ, Liu X, Li CF, Zhao J. Genetic alterations in LEP and ADIPOQ genes and risk for breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1125189. [PMID: 37274250 PMCID: PMC10237157 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1125189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Breast cancer has a strong genetic predisposition, and its genetic architecture is not fully understood thus far. In this study, we aimed to perform a meta-analysis to evaluate the association of genetic alterations in LEP and ADIPOQ genes, as well as their receptor-encoded genes with risk for breast cancer. Methods Only published studies conducted in humans and written in English were identified by searching PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHIL and Embase from their inception to October 2022. Eligibility assessment and data collection were completed independently by two researchers. Statistical analyses were done using the STATA software. Results After literature search, 33 publications were eligible for inclusion. Overall, LEP gene rs7799039-G allele (odds ratio [OR]: 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.62 to 0.98) and ADIPOQ gene rs1501299-T allele (OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.88) were associated with the significant risk of breast cancer. In subgroup analyses, differences in menopausal status, obesity, race, study design, diagnosis of breast cancer, genotyping method and sample size might account for the divergent observations of individual studies. Circulating leptin levels were comparable across genotypes of LEP gene rs7799039, as well as that of LEPR gene rs1137101 (P>0.05). Begg's funnel plots seemed symmetrical, with the exception of LEPR gene rs1137100 and ADIPOQ gene rs1501299. Discussion Taken together, we found, in this meta-analysis, that LEP gene rs7799039 and ADIPOQ gene rs1501299 were two promising candidate loci in predisposition to breast cancer risk.
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Llanos AA, Aremu JB, Cheng TYD, Chen W, Chekmareva MA, Cespedes Feliciano EM, Qin B, Lin Y, Omene C, Khoury T, Hong CC, Yao S, Ambrosone CB, Bandera EV, Demissie K. Greater Body Fatness Is Associated With Higher Protein Expression of LEPR in Breast Tumor Tissues: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in the Women's Circle of Health Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:879164. [PMID: 35846306 PMCID: PMC9277012 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.879164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms underlying the association of overall and central body fatness with poorer breast cancer outcomes remain unclear; altered gene and/or protein expression of the adipokines and their receptors in breast tumors might play a role. METHODS In a sample of Black and White women with primary invasive breast cancer, we investigated associations of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), fat mass index (FMI), and percent body fat with protein expression (log-transformed, n = 722) and gene expression (log2-transformed, n = 148) of leptin (LEP), leptin receptor (LEPR), adiponectin (ADIPOQ), and adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 (ADIPOR1, ADIPOR2). Multivariable linear models, adjusting for race, menopausal status, and estrogen receptor status, were used to assess these associations, with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. RESULTS In multivariable models, we found that increasing BMI (β = 0.0529, 95% CI: 0.0151, 0.0906) and FMI (β = 0.0832, 95% CI: 0.0268, 0.1397) were associated with higher LEP gene expression, corresponding to 34.5% and 38.3% increases in LEP gene expression for a standard deviation (SD) increase in BMI and FMI, respectively. Increasing BMI (β = 0.0028, 95% CI: 0.0011, 0.0045), waist circumference (β = 0.0013, 95% CI: 0.0005, 0.0022), hip circumference (β = 0.0015, 95% CI: 0.0007, 0.0024), and FMI (β = 0.0041, 95% CI: 0.0015, 0.0067) were associated with higher LEPR protein expression. These associations equate to 16.8%, 17.6%, 17.7%, 17.2% increases in LEPR protein expression for a 1-SD increase in BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, and FMI, respectively. Further, these associations were stronger among White and postmenopausal women and ER+ cases; formal tests of interaction yielded evidence of effect modification by race. No associations of body fatness with LEP protein expression, LEPR gene expression, or protein or gene expression of ADIPOQ, ADIPOR1, and ADIPOR2 were found. CONCLUSIONS These findings support an association of increased body fatness - beyond overall body size measured using BMI - with higher LEP gene expression and higher LEPR protein expression in breast tumor tissues. Clarifying the impact of adiposity-related adipokine and adipokine receptor expression in breast tumors on long-term breast cancer outcomes is a critical next step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adana A.M. Llanos
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Adana A.M. Llanos,
| | - John B. Aremu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Ting-Yuan David Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Wenjin Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Marina A. Chekmareva
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | | | - Bo Qin
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Outcomes, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Yong Lin
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Coral Omene
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Thaer Khoury
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Chi-Chen Hong
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Song Yao
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Christine B. Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Elisa V. Bandera
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Outcomes, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Kitaw Demissie
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University School of Public Health, Brooklyn, NY, United States
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LEPR hypomethylation is significantly associated with gastric cancer in males. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 116:104493. [PMID: 32659237 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous study has shown LEPR is a candidate gene of prediction and treatment of gastric cancer (GC). The purpose of this study was to test whether LEPR methylation could predict the risk of GC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tumor tissues and 5-cm adjacent non-tumor tissues from 117 newly diagnosed and untreated GC patients were collected for the current methylation study. LEPR methylation levels were determined by quantitative methylation specific PCR (qMSP), and the methylation level of LEPR was described by the percentage of methylated reference (PMR). RESULTS Our results showed that LEPR methylation levels were significantly lower in tumor tissues than those in adjacent non-tumor tissues (median PMR: 36.64% vs. 50.29%, P = 1E-4). In addition, LEPR methylation levels were found to be significantly associated with platelet (r = -0.198, P = .037). Further subgroup analysis showed that the association of LEPR promoter hypomethylation with GC was specific to males (males: P = 7E-5; females: P = .500). Notably, significant hypomethylation of LEPR promoter was found only in GC patients without recurrence (P = .002) but not in GC patients with recurrence (P = .146). The AUC of LEPR hypomethylation for identification of GC risk was 0.649 with a sensitivity of 67.5% and a specificity of 63.2%. In addition, the AUC of LEPR hypomethylation in males was 0.685 with a sensitivity of 68.4% and a specificity of 69.6%. CONCLUSION LEPR hypomethylation can be used to predict the risk of GC in males. And it might also have the potential to predict the recurrence in GC patients.
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Llanos AAM, Lin Y, Chen W, Yao S, Norin J, Chekmareva MA, Omene C, Cong L, Omilian AR, Khoury T, Hong CC, Ganesan S, Foran DJ, Higgins M, Ambrosone CB, Bandera EV, Demissie K. Immunohistochemical analysis of adipokine and adipokine receptor expression in the breast tumor microenvironment: associations of lower leptin receptor expression with estrogen receptor-negative status and triple-negative subtype. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:18. [PMID: 32046756 PMCID: PMC7014630 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-1256-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular mechanisms underlying the association between increased adiposity and aggressive breast cancer phenotypes remain unclear, but likely involve the adipokines, leptin (LEP) and adiponectin (ADIPOQ), and their receptors (LEPR, ADIPOR1, ADIPOR2). METHODS We used immunohistochemistry (IHC) to assess LEP, LEPR, ADIPOQ, ADIPOR1, and ADIPOR2 expression in breast tumor tissue microarrays among a sample of 720 women recently diagnosed with breast cancer (540 of whom self-identified as Black). We scored IHC expression quantitatively, using digital pathology analysis. We abstracted data on tumor grade, tumor size, tumor stage, lymph node status, Ki67, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) from pathology records, and used ER, PR, and HER2 expression data to classify breast cancer subtype. We used multivariable mixed effects models to estimate associations of IHC expression with tumor clinicopathology, in the overall sample and separately among Blacks. RESULTS Larger proportions of Black than White women were overweight or obese and had more aggressive tumor features. Older age, Black race, postmenopausal status, and higher body mass index were associated with higher LEPR IHC expression. In multivariable models, lower LEPR IHC expression was associated with ER-negative status and triple-negative subtype (P < 0.0001) in the overall sample and among Black women only. LEP, ADIPOQ, ADIPOR1, and ADIPOR2 IHC expression were not significantly associated with breast tumor clinicopathology. CONCLUSIONS Lower LEPR IHC expression within the breast tumor microenvironment might contribute mechanistically to inter-individual variation in aggressive breast cancer clinicopathology, particularly ER-negative status and triple-negative subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adana A M Llanos
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA. .,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - Yong Lin
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Wenjin Chen
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Song Yao
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jorden Norin
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers School of Arts and Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Marina A Chekmareva
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Coral Omene
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Lei Cong
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Angela R Omilian
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Thaer Khoury
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Chi-Chen Hong
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Shridar Ganesan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - David J Foran
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Michael Higgins
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Christine B Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Kitaw Demissie
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University School of Public Health, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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Hao JQ, Zhang QK, Zhou YX, Chen LH, Wu PF. Association between circulating leptin concentration and G-2548A gene polymorphism in patients with breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Arch Med Sci 2019; 15:275-283. [PMID: 30899280 PMCID: PMC6425221 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2018.75638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this meta-analysis was to summarize the evidence on the serum/plasma leptin concentrations in breast cancer (BC) patients, as well as the associations between leptin G-2548A gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to BC. MATERIAL AND METHODS Potentially relevant studies about serum/plasma leptin levels and leptin G-2548A gene polymorphism were selected using the electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library (from January 1 1995 to Jun 30 2017, no language restrictions). The potential sources of heterogeneity were assessed by the Q statistic and quantified using I2 ; publication bias was qualitatively assessed by funnel plot and quantitatively assessed by Egger's linear regression test. RESULTS A total of 1141 articles were retrieved after database searches, and 27 studies with 9516 subjects (4542 BC patients/4974 controls) were finally included. The results indicated that BC patients had significantly higher leptin levels compared with healthy controls (SMD = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.21-2.09, p < 0.001), but there was no association between leptin G-2548A polymorphism and BC (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.80-1.39, p = 0.722). Subgroup analyses demonstrated increased leptin levels in BC patients of different region, race, body mass index and waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed a significantly higher leptin level in BC patients than in healthy controls, but no association between leptin G-2548A polymorphism and BC susceptibility was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Qing Hao
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Qian-Kun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Yi-Xin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Li-Hao Chen
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Peng-Fei Wu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that leptin is associated to the tumorigenesis and progression of breast cancer (BC). However, these studies remain inconsistent. Thus, a meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the role of leptin in the patients with BC. METHOD A systematic search in PubMed, Embase, ISI Web of Science, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases was conducted up to September 1, 2017. The standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was applied to pool the effect size. A funnel plot and Egger test were used to evaluate publication bias. RESULTS Finally, 43 eligible studies were included in the current meta-analysis. Overall, serum leptin levels in BC cases were significantly higher compared with the controls (SMD = 0.61, P <.0001). When subgroup analyses were restricted to ethnicity and menstrual status, higher serum leptin concentration was also detected in patients with BC. Moreover, BC cases with body mass index (BMI) >25 indicated significantly higher serum leptin levels (SMD = 1.48, P = .034). Furthermore, the BC cases with lymph node metastases showed significantly higher serum leptin concentration (SMD = 0.53, P = .015). CONCLUSION The present meta-analysis suggests that the serum leptin may profiles as a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and metastasis of BC. In addition, leptin will provide useful information for a therapeutic target to treat BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gu
- Department of Obstetrics, West China Women's and Children's Hospital
- Key Laboratory of Birth and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University
| | - Cheng-Di Wang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University
| | - Chang Cao
- Department of Cosmetic Plastic and Burns Surgery, West China Hospital
| | - Lin-Rui Cai
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institute, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - De-Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University
- Department of West China Second University Hospital Quality Improvement, West China Women's and Children's Hospital, Chengdu
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Ray A. Cancer and comorbidity: The role of leptin in breast cancer and associated pathologies. World J Clin Cases 2018; 6:483-492. [PMID: 30397604 PMCID: PMC6212611 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v6.i12.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an important risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer and also a poor prognostic factor among cancer patients. Moreover, obesity is associated with a number of health disorders such as insulin resistance/type-2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and other cardiovascular diseases. Frequently, these health disorders exhibit as components/complications of the metabolic syndrome. Nevertheless, obesity-related diseases may coexist with postmenopausal breast cancer; and these comorbid conditions could be substantial. Therefore, it may be assumed that different diseases including breast cancer could originate from a common pathological background in excessive adipose tissue. Adipocyte-released hormone-like cytokine (or adipokine) leptin behaves differently in a normal healthy state and obesity. A growing body of evidence suggests an important role of leptin in our major obesity-related health issues such as insulin resistance, hypertension, and neoplasia. In this context, this review describes the relationships of the abovementioned pathologies with leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitabha Ray
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Seton Hill University, Greensburg, PA 15601, United State
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Xu M, Cao FL, Li N, Gao X, Su X, Jiang X. Leptin induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via activation of the ERK signaling pathway in lung cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4782-4788. [PMID: 30250542 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies revealed that leptin induces the growth and proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of lung cancer cells. However, the effect of leptin on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is not yet clear. In the present study, the effect of leptin on EMT was investigated as well as its underlying mechanisms in A549 cells. The ability of leptin to induce EMT was investigated by microscopic examination and western blotting. The impacts of leptin on cell migration, invasion and tumorigenesis were evaluated by wound healing, Transwell and colony formation assays, respectively. It was demonstrated that leptin induced EMT-associated morphological changes, namely a decrease in cell-cell contact and a more elongated morphological shape. Leptin decreased the expression levels of epithelial phenotype markers E-cadherin and keratin, increased the expression of mesenchymal phenotype marker Vimentin, and raised the expression of EMT-induced transcription factor ZEB-1. In addition, leptin activated the extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway and did not affect the activation of the protein kinase B signaling pathway in A549 cells. Leptin also promoted EMT-induced migration, invasion and tumorigenesis in vitro in A549 cells. The present study provides evidence that leptin induced EMT via the activation of the ERK signaling pathway and increased EMT-induced tumor phenotypes in lung cancer cells. These findings suggest that leptin may be a promising target for lung cancer treatment through the regulation of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The 88th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Fa-Le Cao
- Department of Neurology, The 88th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Naiyi Li
- Department of Medical Service, The 88th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Nephrology, The 88th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Xuejia Su
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The 88th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The 88th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
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Pan H, Deng LL, Cui JQ, Shi L, Yang YC, Luo JH, Qin D, Wang L. Association between serum leptin levels and breast cancer risk: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11345. [PMID: 29979411 PMCID: PMC6076146 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have indicated that leptin is correlated with breast cancer occurrence and tumor behavior. However, this issue remains controversial. Therefore, we conducted an updated meta-analysis to investigate the role of leptin in breast cancer. METHODS We performed a systematic literature search and identified relevant papers up to 1 September 2017. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate effect sizes. RESULTS Thirty-five eligible studies were included in the current meta-analysis. Serum leptin levels were related to breast cancer risk as demonstrated by calculations of the overall SMD = 0.46 (95% CI = 0.31-0.60, I = 93.5%). A subgroup analysis of BMI identified an association between breast cancer and serum leptin levels in patients who are overweight and obese (overweight: SMD = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.13-0.57, I = 88.1%; obesity: SMD = 1.38, 95% CI = 0.64-2.12, I = 89.6%). Additionally, menopausal status subgroup analysis revealed a significant association in postmenopausal women (SMD = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.12-0.40, I = 77.9%). Furthermore, we identified a significant association between breast cancer and serum leptin levels in Chinese women (SMD = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.44-0.79, I = 40.6%). CONCLUSION The results of this meta-analysis suggested that leptin could be a potential biomarker for breast cancer risk in women, especially overweight/obese or postmenopausal women. Therefore, it may be useful for identifying subjects with a high risk for breast cancer who may benefit from preventive treatments.
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Liu CR, Li Q, Hou C, Li H, Shuai P, Zhao M, Zhong XR, Xu ZP, Li JY. Changes in Body Mass Index, Leptin, and Leptin Receptor Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer Risk. DNA Cell Biol 2018; 37:182-188. [PMID: 29336592 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2017.4047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a strong risk factor for breast cancer. The polymorphisms of leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR) may be associated with breast cancer by regulator of adipose tissue mass and tumor cell growth. A total of 794 cases and 805 matched controls were sequentially enrolled. Time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to determine the LEPrs7799039, LEPRrs1137100, and LEPRrs1137101 genotypes for each participant. Associations between polymorphisms of these genes, change in body mass index (BMI), and breast cancer risk were assessed by unconditional multivariable logistic regression models. The unconditional logistic regression model showed that persistent overweight (BMI ≥24 kg/m2) over the preceding 10 years was associated with increased breast cancer risk in premenopausal women (odds ratio [OR] = 1.67, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19-2.35). No associations between LEPrs7799039, LEPRrs1137100, or LEPRrs1137101 polymorphisms alone and breast cancer risk were found. Persistent overweight over the preceding 10 years and carrying the LEPrs7799039 AA genotype together increased breast cancer risk in premenopausal women (ORadj = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.26-3.16). Persistent overweight over the preceding 10 years and carrying the LEPRrs1137100 GG genotype increased breast cancer risk in premenopausal women (ORadj = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.06-2.68). In premenopausal women, persistent overweight (BMI ≥24 kg/m2) over the preceding 10 years increases breast cancer risk. Persistent overweight along with LEPrs7799039 AA or LEPRrs1137100 GG genotypes synergistically increase risk of breast cancer among premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Rong Liu
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University , Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Li
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University , Chengdu, People's Republic of China .,2 Department of Hospital Infection Control, Women's and Children's Hospital of Sichuan Province , Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Hou
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University , Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University , Chengdu, People's Republic of China .,3 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Southwest Medical University , Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Shuai
- 4 Health Management Center , Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan People's Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhao
- 5 Market Department, Diao Group , Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Rong Zhong
- 6 Head, Neck and Breast Cancer Ward of Cancer Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital , Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu-Ping Xu
- 7 Health Management Center , Chengdu Shuangliu District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yuan Li
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University , Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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12
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Leptin Is Produced by Parathyroid Glands and Stimulates Parathyroid Hormone Secretion. Ann Surg 2017; 266:1075-1083. [DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000002004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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13
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Blaes A, Prizment A, Koene RJ, Konety S. Cardio-oncology Related to Heart Failure: Common Risk Factors Between Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease. Heart Fail Clin 2017; 13:367-380. [PMID: 28279422 DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence that suggests cancer and cardiovascular disease have a shared biological mechanism. Although there are several shared risk factors for both diseases, including advancing age, gender, obesity, diabetes, physical activity, tobacco use, and diet, inflammation and biomarkers, such as insulinlike growth factor 1, leptin, estrogen, and adiponectin, may also play a role in the biology of these diseases. This article provides an overview of the shared biological mechanism between cancer and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Blaes
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street, Southeast, MMC 480, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Anna Prizment
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 South 2nd Street, 7525A, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Ryan J Koene
- Division of Cardiology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street, Southeast, MMC 480, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Suma Konety
- Division of Cardiology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street, Southeast, MMC 508, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Chin YT, Wang LM, Hsieh MT, Shih YJ, Nana AW, Changou CA, Yang YCSH, Chiu HC, Fu E, Davis PJ, Tang HY, Lin HY. Leptin OB3 peptide suppresses leptin-induced signaling and progression in ovarian cancer cells. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:51. [PMID: 28750624 PMCID: PMC5532776 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0356-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and its comorbidities constitute a serious health burden worldwide. Leptin plays an important role in diet control; however, it has a stimulatory potential on cancer cell proliferation. The OB3 peptide, a synthetic peptide, was shown to be more active than leptin in regulating metabolism but with no mitogenic effects in cancer cells. METHODS In this study, we investigated the proliferative effects, gene expressions and signaling pathways modulated by leptin and OB3 in human ovarian cancer cells. In addition, an animal study was performed. RESULTS Leptin, but not OB3, induced the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. Interestingly, OB3 blocked the leptin-induced proliferative effect when it was co-applied with leptin. Both leptin and OB3 activated the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) signal transduction pathway. In addition, leptin stimulated the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) Tyr-705 as well as estrogen receptor (ER)α, and the expression of ERα-responsive genes. Interestingly, all leptin-induced signal activation and gene expressions were blocked by the co-incubation with OB3 and the inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2. Coincidently, leptin, but not OB3, increased circulating levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) which is known to play important roles in the initiation and proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our findings suggest that the OB3 peptide may prevent leptin-induced ovarian cancer initiation and progression by disrupting leptin-induced proliferative signals via STAT3 phosphorylation and ERα activation. Therefore, the OB3 peptide is a potential anticancer agent that might be employed to prevent leptin-induced cancers in obese people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tang Chin
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Le-Ming Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ti Hsieh
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,PhD Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Jung Shih
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,PhD Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - André Wendindondé Nana
- PhD Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chun A Changou
- PhD Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Integrated Laboratory, Center of Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Core Facility, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen S H Yang
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Chung Chiu
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Earl Fu
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Paul J Davis
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Heng-Yuan Tang
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Hung-Yun Lin
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,PhD Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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Al Jarroudi O, Abda N, Seddik Y, Brahmi SA, Afqir S. Overweight: Is It a Prognostic Factor in Women with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer? Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:1519-1523. [PMID: 28669161 PMCID: PMC6373825 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.6.1519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity is associated with poor outcomes in patients with breast cancer expressing hormone receptors, but this association is not well established for triple-negative breast cancer. In this study, we investigated the influence of body mass index (BMI) in triple-negative breast cancer outcomes. Methods: This is a descriptive and analytical retrospective cohort study at the Regional Oncology Center Hassan II-Oujda. We identified 115 patients with triple-negative breast cancer, met the criteria for inclusion, treated between January 2009 and December 2011. The clinicopathological characteristics were collected to assess the association between BMI and overall survival and disease-free survival at 5 years, using the Kaplan-Meier and Cox model. Results: Data analysis focused on 115 patients, 34 patients (28.7%) were normal weight (BMI < 25) and 82 patients (71.3%) were overweight (BMI ≥ 25). The rates of overall mortality and progression at 5 years were 37.4% and 69.6% respectively. After adjusting for clinicopathological variables and menopausal status, overweight was associated with OS (HR: 2.903, 95% CI: 1.551- 5.432, p = 0.001) and DFS (HR: 1.899, 95% IC: 1.05 – 3.433, p=0.034) in all patients with triple-negative breast cancer. When stratified by menopausal status, overweight was associated with DFS and OS (HR: 3.242, 95% CI: 1.249 to 8.412, p = 0.016) and (HR: 2.752, 95% CI: 1.267 to 5.978, p = 0.011) respectively in pre-menopausal women. By cons, BMI was not associated with DFS or OS in postmenopausal women. Conclusions: Overweight is an independent prognostic factor for OS and DFS at 5 years in all patients with triple-negative breast cancer, and menopausal status may be a mitigating factor. Premenopausal women with overweight are at greater risk of death and progression than women with normal weight. Once validated, these results should be considered in the development of prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouissam Al Jarroudi
- Service of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Mohammed VI-Oujda, Morocco.
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Rodrigo C, Tennekoon KH, Karunanayake EH, De Silva K, Amarasinghe I, Wijayasiri A. Circulating leptin, soluble leptin receptor, free leptin index, visfatin and selected leptin and leptin receptor gene polymorphisms in sporadic breast cancer. Endocr J 2017; 64:393-401. [PMID: 28190851 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej16-0448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin and visfatin are implicated in breast cancer risk but studies accounting for bioavailability of leptin are sparse. Reports on the association of leptin gene (LEP) and leptin receptor gene (LEPR) polymorphisms with breast cancer are also inconsistent. Only a very few studies have examined biochemical and genetic variables concomitantly in the same cohort. A matched pairs study was carried out to ascertain whether plasma leptin, soluble leptin receptor, free leptin index (leptin/soluble leptin receptor), serum visfatin and selected LEP and LEPR polymorphisms are risk factors for sporadic breast cancer. Newly diagnosed sporadic breast cancer patients (N=80) were matched for age, body mass index (BMI) and menopausal status with healthy controls. Plasma leptin, soluble leptin receptor and serum visfatin were measured by enzyme-immunoassay. LEP -2548 A/G and LEPR K109R, LEPR Q223R polymorphisms were determined by genotyping. Leptin (p=0.0234), leptin/BMI (p=0.0468), free leptin index (p<0.0001) and visfatin (p=0.0002) were significantly higher and soluble leptin receptor (p<0.0001) was significantly lower in patients. LEPR gene K109R A/G polymorphism increased breast cancer risk (odds ratio: 4.125). Multivariate analysis confirmed that leptin, soluble leptin receptor, free leptin index and G109 (R109) allele of the LEPR gene K109R polymorphism are risk factors for breast cancer. When stratified by menopausal status free leptin index and soluble leptin receptor remained as risk factors irrespective of menopausal status while LEPR gene K109R A/G polymorphism remained as a risk factor only in the postmenopausal group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrishani Rodrigo
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo 03, 00300, Sri Lanka
| | - Kamani Hemamala Tennekoon
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo 03, 00300, Sri Lanka
| | - Eric Hamilton Karunanayake
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo 03, 00300, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | - Ananda Wijayasiri
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenapura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
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LEP rs7799039, LEPR rs1137101, and ADIPOQ rs2241766 and 1501299 Polymorphisms Are Associated With Obesity and Chemotherapy Response in Mexican Women With Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2017; 17:453-462. [PMID: 28416193 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity plays a major role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Leptin (LEP) and adiponectin (ADIPOQ) are important in the regulation of adipose tissue. The response to cancer treatment depends on the histological and molecular tumor type, clinical stage, and genetic variability that might promote carcinogenic development. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between overweight/obesity and polymorphisms in the LEP (rs7799039), LEP receptor (LEPR; rs1137101), and ADIPOQ genes (rs2241766, rs1501299) with the response to breast cancer treatment in Mexican women. PATIENTS AND METHODS A sample of 177 patients with primary breast cancer (stage I-III) and who received neoadjuvant therapy were included. Polymorphisms were genotyped and their serum LEP concentrations (n = 59) were quantified. RESULTS The patients' median age was 53.1 years, the frequency of overweight and obesity was 57 and 84 patients, respectively, 117 were postmenopausal, and 64 of the patients did not respond to chemotherapy. An association of the LEP rs7799039, LEPR rs1137101, and ADIPOQ rs1501299 polymorphisms with overweight/obesity was found. The patients who did not respond to treatment were more frequently obese, at clinical stage III, had metastases, and high levels of glucose. Moreover, in samples that were positive for estrogen receptor, higher levels of LEP were found, and in wild type genotypes for LEP rs7799039 and LEPR rs1137101. CONCLUSION There was a direct association between the polymorphisms in LEP rs7799039 and ADIPOQ rs1501299 with overweight/obesity, and these genotypes affected the response to chemotherapeutic treatment, suggesting that an obesogenic microenvironment is more favorable for tumoral progression.
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18
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Leptin receptor Q223R polymorphism in Egyptian female patients with breast cancer. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2017; 21:42-47. [PMID: 28435397 PMCID: PMC5385477 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2017.66655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study Breast cancer is the most common cause of death in women. Obesity has been associated with increased risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal women. It induces chronic inflammation, which increases local and systemic levels of cytokines and adipokines such as leptin. Leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR) genes have several polymorphisms in humans. This study aims to assess the association between blood levels of leptin and LEPR Q223R gene polymorphism in patients of cancer breast. Material and methods The current study was carried on 48 female breast cancer patients and 48 heathy female subjects. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antibody CA15-3, and leptin hormone were determined. Single nucleotide polymorphism of LEPR Q223R was assessed by PCR/RFLP. Statistical analysis used: The statistical analysis of data was done by using SPSS version 20. Results There were significant increases in the concentrations of CEA (p = 0.004), CA15-3 (p < 0.001), and leptin hormone (p < 0.001) in BC patients in relation to the respective concentrations in control subjects. CEA and CA 15-3 showed significant differences between various BC stages. As regard to LEPR Q223R gene polymorphism, AA genotype showed significantly higher frequency in BC patients when compared to their respective controls, with higher risk to develop BC. Conclusions Leptin hormone shows significantly higher concentrations in BC patients. As regard to LEPR Q223R gene polymorphism, AA genotype showed significantly higher frequency in BC patients.
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19
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Tong X, Ma Y, Zhou Q, He J, Peng B, Liu S, Yan Z, Yang X, Fan H. Serum and tissue leptin in lung cancer: A meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:19699-19711. [PMID: 28160559 PMCID: PMC5386715 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have found that leptin is involved in tumorigenesis and the progression of lung cancer. However, these studies were inconsistent. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the role of leptin in the patients with lung cancer. A systematic literature search in the several databases and on commercial Internet search engines was carried out to identify studies published up to July 8, 2016. The standardized mean difference (SMD) and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to investigate the effect sizes. Finally, 21 eligible articles were included in the current meta-analysis. Overall, there is no relationship between levels of serum leptin and lung cancer. However, a subgroup analysis in high-study quality group found a weak association between serum leptin concentrations and lung cancer in Chinese (SMD=0.77, P=0.035). Additionally, the meta-analysis indicates that the serum leptin levels were lower in the weight-losing group than in the sustained weight group (SMD=-0.80, P=0.001). Further, there was evidence of a significant association between expression levels of leptin protein in tissue and lung cancer (OR=7.35, P<0.001). The present meta-analysis suggests that the serum and tissue leptin may be involved in the pathogenesis of lung cancer and tumor metastasis, especially among Chinese. However, the leptin may not appear to play an important role in cancer cachexia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Tong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yao Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qilong Zhou
- Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 404100, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Tradition Medicine LS.SC, Leshan, 614000, China
| | - Sitong Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhipeng Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hong Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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20
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Demiray G, Değirmencioğlu S, Uğurlu E, Yaren A. Effects of Serum Leptin and Resistin Levels on Cancer Cachexia in Patients With Advanced-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ONCOLOGY 2017; 11:1179554917690144. [PMID: 28469508 PMCID: PMC5395268 DOI: 10.1177/1179554917690144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer cachexia is one of the most frequent effects of malignancy, is often associated with poor prognosis, and may account for up to 20% of cancer deaths. The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship of cancer cachexia and serum levels of resistin and leptin in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS A total of 67 chemotherapy-naïve patients with advanced-stage non-small cell cancer and a control group containing 20 healthy individuals without a known chronic disease were enrolled in this study. All individuals in the control group were age and sex matched. Demographic, anthropometric, laboratory data and serum levels of adipokines were measured for 2 groups. Progression-free survival and overall survival were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Survival among various factors was calculated using the log-rank test. RESULTS Patients presented significantly higher serum resistin (P = .0001) and lower serum leptin levels (P = .025) than the control group. Lower serum levels of leptin were correlated with overall survival (P = .011). CONCLUSIONS Serum leptin and resistin levels play key role as proinflammatory cytokines in lung cancer and cancer cachexia; however, their use as diagnostic or prognostic markers is not possible yet, and further large-scale studies are required to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökcen Demiray
- Medical Oncology Department, Zafer Goksin Oncology Center, Denizli State Hospital, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Serkan Değirmencioğlu
- Medical Oncology Department, Fahri Goksin Oncology Center, Pamukkale University Hospital, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Erhan Uğurlu
- Thoracic Oncology Department, Pamukkale University Hospital, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Arzu Yaren
- Medical Oncology Department, Fahri Goksin Oncology Center, Pamukkale University Hospital, Denizli, Turkey
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Georgiou GP, Provatopoulou X, Kalogera E, Siasos G, Menenakos E, Zografos GC, Gounaris A. Serum resistin is inversely related to breast cancer risk in premenopausal women. Breast 2016; 29:163-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2016.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Serum irisin levels are lower in patients with breast cancer: association with disease diagnosis and tumor characteristics. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:898. [PMID: 26560078 PMCID: PMC4642638 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1898-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Irisin is a recently discovered myokine, involved in the browning of white adipose tissue. To date, its function has been mainly associated with energy homeostasis and metabolism, and it has been proposed as a promising therapeutic target for obesity and metabolic diseases. This is the first study investigating the role of irisin in human breast cancer. Methods Participants included one hundred and one (101) female patients with invasive ductal breast cancer and fifty one (51) healthy women. Serum levels of irisin, leptin, adiponectin and resistin were quantified in duplicates by ELISA. Serum levels of CEA, CA 15–3 and Her-2/neu were measured on an immunology analyzer. The association between irisin and breast cancer was examined by logistic regression analysis. The feasibility of serum irisin in discriminating breast cancer patients was assessed by ROC curve analysis. Potential correlations with demographic, anthropometric and clinical parameters, with markers of adiposity and with breast tumor characteristics were also investigated. Results Serum levels of irisin were significantly lower in breast cancer patients compared to controls (2.47 ± 0.57 and 3.24 ± 0.66 μg/ml, respectively, p < 0.001). A significant independent association between irisin and breast cancer was observed by univariate and multivariate analysis (p < 0.001). It was estimated that a 1 unit increase in irisin levels leads to a reduction in the probability of breast cancer by almost 90 %. Irisin could effectively discriminate breast cancer patients at a cut-off point of 3.21 μg/ml, with 62.7 % sensitivity and 91.1 % specificity. A positive association with tumor stage and marginal associations with tumor size and lymph node metastasis were observed (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, respectively). Conclusions Our novel findings implicate irisin in breast cancer and suggest its potential application as a new diagnostic indicator of the presence of disease.
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Mu HJ, Zou J, Xie P, Xu ZQ, Ruan J, Yang SD, Yin Y. Association of leptin receptor Lys109Arg and Gln223Arg polymorphisms with increased risk of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:4211-5. [PMID: 24935373 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.10.4211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although roles of genetic polymorphisms of leptin receptor (LEPR) gene in several cancers have been documented, the association between polymorphisms of LEPR and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CC-RCC) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to explore any relation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study population consisted of 77 patients with CC-RCC and 161 healthy control subjects. Polymorphism analyses of Lys109Arg and Gln223Arg were performed by direct DNA sequencing and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism approaches respectively. RESULTS Comparisons of allelic and genotypic frequencies in Lys109Arg and Gln223Arg showed no significant difference between the cases and controls. However, when evaluating the combined genotype of Lys109Arg and Gln223Arg, risk with GG/GG was increased (OR=1.85, 95%CI=1.04-3.30) and with GA/GG or GG/GA was decreased (OR=0.07, 95%CI=0.01-0.54; OR and 95%CI of the latter could not be calculated for a value of zero) . Furthermore, the G-G haplotype frequency of Lys109Arg and Gln223Arg in the cases was higher (OR=1.68; 95%CI=1.02-2.76). In contrast, the A-G and G-A haplotype frequencies in the cases were lower than those in the controls (OR=0.06; 95%CI=0.01 to 0.47; OR and 95%CI of the latter could not be calculated for a value of zero). In addition, the Lys109Arg A allele was in LD with the Gln223Arg A allele (d'=0.9399) in the CC-RCC subjects, but not in the controls. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the GG/GG combined genotype and G-G haplotype of Lys109Arg and Gln223Arg can act as evaluating factors for CC-RCC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jun Mu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China E-mail :
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Resistin, visfatin, adiponectin, and leptin: risk of breast cancer in pre- and postmenopausal saudi females and their possible diagnostic and predictive implications as novel biomarkers. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:253519. [PMID: 25838618 PMCID: PMC4369904 DOI: 10.1155/2015/253519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of obesity-induced breast carcinogenesis are not clear. One hypothesis is that high levels of adipokines could promote breast cancer (BC) development. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of resistin, visfatin, adiponectin, and leptin with BC risk in pre- and postmenopausal females. A total of 82 BC newly diagnosed and histologically confirmed patients and 68 age and BMI matched healthy controls were enrolled. Both groups were subdivided into post- and premenopausal subgroups. Resistin, visfatin, adiponectin, and leptin were measured by ELISA. There were significantly higher levels of leptin, resistin, and visfatin in postmenopausal BC patients than their respective controls. Only in postmenopausal subgroups, leptin, resistin, and visfatin levels were positively correlated with TNM staging, tumor size, lymph node (LN) metastasis, and histological grading. In postmenopausal females, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, and resistin were risk factors for BC. Our results suggested that serum resistin, leptin, adiponectin, and visfatin levels as risk factors for postmenopausal BC may provide a potential link with clinicopathological features and are promising to be novel biomarkers for postmenopausal BC.
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Alshaker H, Krell J, Frampton AE, Waxman J, Blyuss O, Zaikin A, Winkler M, Stebbing J, Yagüe E, Pchejetski D. Leptin induces upregulation of sphingosine kinase 1 in oestrogen receptor-negative breast cancer via Src family kinase-mediated, janus kinase 2-independent pathway. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:426. [PMID: 25482303 PMCID: PMC4303110 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-014-0426-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a known risk factor for breast cancer. Sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) is an oncogenic lipid kinase that is overexpressed in breast tumours and linked with poor prognosis, however, its role in obesity-driven breast cancer was never elucidated. METHODS Human primary and secondary breast cancer tissues were analysed for SK1 and leptin receptor expression using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay. Leptin-induced signalling was analysed in human oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive and negative breast cancer cells using Western blotting, qRT-PCR and radiolabelling assays. RESULTS Our findings show for the first time that human primary breast tumours and associated lymph node metastases exhibit a strong correlation between SK1 and leptin receptor expression (Pearson R = 0.78 and R = 0.77, respectively, P <0.001). Both these genes are elevated in metastases of ER-negative patients and show a significant increase in patients with higher body mass index (BMI). Leptin induces SK1 expression and activation in ER-negative breast cancer cell lines MDAMB-231 and BT-549, but not in ER-positive cell lines. Pharmacological inhibition and gene knockdown showed that leptin-induced SK1 activity and expression are mediated by activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and Src family kinase (SFK) pathways, but not by the major pathways downstream of leptin receptor (LEPR) - janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Src-homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2) appeared to be key to SK1 activation, and may function as an adaptor protein between SFKs and LEPR. Importantly, leptin-induced breast cancer cell proliferation was abrogated by SK1-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA). CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings demonstrate a novel SFK/ERK1/2-mediated pathway that links leptin signalling and expression of oncogenic enzyme SK1 in breast tumours and suggest the potential significance of this pathway in ER-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Alshaker
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 1st Floor ICTEM, Hammersmith Hospital, Ducane Road, London, W120NN UK
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Petra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Jonathan Krell
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 1st Floor ICTEM, Hammersmith Hospital, Ducane Road, London, W120NN UK
| | - Adam E Frampton
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 1st Floor ICTEM, Hammersmith Hospital, Ducane Road, London, W120NN UK
| | - Jonathan Waxman
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 1st Floor ICTEM, Hammersmith Hospital, Ducane Road, London, W120NN UK
| | - Oleg Blyuss
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, 74, Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6AU UK
| | - Alexey Zaikin
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, 74, Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6AU UK
| | - Mathias Winkler
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 1st Floor ICTEM, Hammersmith Hospital, Ducane Road, London, W120NN UK
| | - Justin Stebbing
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 1st Floor ICTEM, Hammersmith Hospital, Ducane Road, London, W120NN UK
| | - Ernesto Yagüe
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 1st Floor ICTEM, Hammersmith Hospital, Ducane Road, London, W120NN UK
| | - Dmitri Pchejetski
- School of Medicine, University of East Anglia, Elizabeth Fry Building, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR47TJ UK
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Liu PC, Yang YJ, Liu R, Huang CJ, Shu HX, Gong JP, Chen QC, Yang Y, Cai M. Lack of association between LEPR Lys656Asn or Ser343Ser polymorphisms and cancer susceptibility: A meta-analysis. Biomed Rep 2014; 2:849-854. [PMID: 25279158 DOI: 10.3892/br.2014.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown conflicting results between the association of leptin receptor (LEPR) genetic polymorphisms and cancer risk. The frequent LEPR Lys656Asn or Ser343Ser genetic polymorphism has been demonstrated to be functional and may promote genetic susceptibility to cancers. However, the association between the LEPR Lys656Asn or Ser343Ser genetic polymorphism and cancer risk remains to be determined. To improve the understanding of the LEPR Lys656Asn or Ser343Ser genetic polymorphism role in global cancer, a comprehensive meta-analysis was conducted that comprised 2,480 cases and 3,162 controls. The LEPR Lys656Asn or Ser343Ser genetic polymorphism did not significantly affect the cancer risk. In the stratified analysis, there was no significant association of the LEPR Lys656Asn or Ser343Ser variants with any type of cancer under any model. In addition, significantly increased risks were found in the Asian population in heterozygous codominant [odds ratio (OR), 1.24 (1.01-1.53)] and dominant [OR, 1.24 (1.02-1.50)] genetic models. A significantly increased susceptibility to cancer was not found when stratified by study design. There were no significant differences found in genotype method and sample size in cases among the genotypes. These findings indicated a lack of association between LEPR Lys656Asn or Ser343Ser polymorphisms and cancer susceptibility, however, these polymorphisms may increase the cancer susceptibility among the Asian population, particularly in the dominant genetic model. The single-nucleotide polymorphism is also suggested to function as a dominant mutation, which requires verification or association with functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Cheng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China ; Department of First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Ji Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Run Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Jia Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China ; Medical Department, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - He-Xi Shu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China ; Medical Department, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Peng Gong
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China ; Medical Department, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Quan-Chi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China ; Department of First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Ming Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
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Liu P, Shi H, Huang C, Shu H, Liu R, Yang Y, Gong J, Yang Y, Cai M. Association of LEP A19G polymorphism with cancer risk: a systematic review and pooled analysis. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:8133-41. [PMID: 24845032 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The results from the published studies on the association between leptin (LEP) genetic polymorphism and cancer risk are conflicting. The common A19G (rs2167270) genetic polymorphism has been reported to be functional and may contribute to genetic susceptibility to cancers. However, the association between LEP A19G (rs2167270) genetic polymorphism and cancer risk remains inconclusive. To better understand the role of LEP A19G (rs2167270) genetic polymorphism in global cancer, we conducted this comprehensive meta-analysis encompassing 5,679 cases and 7,443 controls. Overall, the LEP A19G (rs2167270) genetic polymorphism was associated with lower cancer risk. In the stratified analysis, significant associations were found between the LEP A19G (rs2167270) genetic polymorphism and colorectal cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. For colorectal cancer, there was no significant association of LEP A19G (rs2167270) variant with this disease under heterozygous codominant model [odds ratio (OR) = 1.11 (0.97-1.27)], dominant genetic model [OR = 1.03 (0.91-1.17)], and additive genetic model [OR = 0.94 (0.86-1.03)]; however, there was a marginal association under homozygous codominant model [OR = 0.80 (0.66-0.97)] and recessive genetic model [OR = 0.75 (0.63-0.90)]. For non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, there was a significant association of LEP A19G (rs2167270) variant with the disease under homozygous codominant model [OR = 0.74 (0.59-0.94)], recessive genetic model [OR = 0.76 (0.61-0.94)], and additive genetic model [OR = 0.89 (0.80-0.99)], but not under heterozygous codominant model [OR = 0.95 (0.82-1.10)] and dominant genetic model [OR = 0.91 (0.79-1.04)]. Moreover, a significantly decreased cancer risk was found in recessive genetic model among Latin American population. When stratified by study design, significantly elevated susceptibility to cancer was not found among any studies. No significantly differences in genotype method and sample size in cases were found among genotypes. These findings suggest that the LEP A19G (rs2167270) genetic polymorphism may decrease the susceptibility to cancers in colorectal cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, when assuming a homozygote codominant model and a recessive genetic model among Latin American population. The phenomenon also indicates that the SNP functions as a recessive mutation, which needs to be verified or linked with functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Llanos AAM, Brasky TM, Mathew J, Makambi KH, Marian C, Dumitrescu RG, Freudenheim JL, Shields PG. Genetic variation in adipokine genes and associations with adiponectin and leptin concentrations in plasma and breast tissue. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:1559-68. [PMID: 24825736 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating adipokines may be associated with breast cancer risk. Genetic variants governing adipokines and adipokine receptors may also predict risk, but their effect on breast adipokine concentrations is unknown. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of functional SNPs in 5 adipokine genes [adiponectin, leptin (LEP), and their receptors] among 85 cancer-free women who were undergoing reduction mammoplasty. RESULTS In multivariable-adjusted regression models, compared with the common GG genotype, the AA genotype of the LEP A19G SNP was associated with 27% lower plasma adiponectin [ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.54-0.98] and leptin (ratio, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.55-0.96). Women with the AG genotype of LEP A19G had 39% lower breast leptin (ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.39-0.97) compared with those with the GG genotype. No associations were observed for SNPs in the remaining genes. CONCLUSIONS Genetic variation in LEP may alter endogenous adipokine concentrations in circulation and in breast tissues. IMPACT These preliminary findings may support the hypothesis that genetic variation in adipokine genes modifies circulating adipokine concentrations and possibly leptin concentrations in local breast tissues, which may be associated with breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adana A M Llanos
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center; RBHS-School of Public Health and the Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey;
| | - Theodore M Brasky
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center; Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jeena Mathew
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Kepher H Makambi
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Catalin Marian
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center; Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania; and
| | | | - Jo L Freudenheim
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Peter G Shields
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center; Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Llanos AAM, Krok JL, Peng J, Pennell ML, Olivo-Marston S, Vitolins MZ, DeGraffinreid CR, Paskett ED. Favorable effects of low-fat and low-carbohydrate dietary patterns on serum leptin, but not adiponectin, among overweight and obese premenopausal women: a randomized trial. SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:175. [PMID: 24790820 PMCID: PMC4000357 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The most effective dietary pattern for breast cancer prevention has been greatly debated in recent years. Studies have examined hypocaloric diets, with particular emphasis on macronutrient composition, yielding inconclusive data. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of calorie-restricted low-fat and low-carbohydrate diets (LFD and LCD, respectively) on circulating adipokines among overweight and obese premenopausal women. METHODS Seventy-nine overweight and obese premenopausal women were randomized to either LFD or LCD, with increased physical activity, for 52 weeks. Serum adiponectin, leptin and the adiponectin-to-leptin ratio (A/L) were measured at baseline, and at weeks 34 and 52 to assess intervention effects. RESULTS While there were no significant changes in serum adiponectin concentrations following the LCD and LFD interventions, leptin concentrations significantly decreased by week 34 of the intervention period (LCD: 35.3%, P = 0.004; LFD: 30.0%, P = 0.01), with no difference by intervention arm. At week 52, these reductions were statistically non-significant, indicating a return to baseline levels by the end of the intervention. While there were non-significant increases in the A/L ratio following the LCD and LFD intervention arms, the overall trend, across groups, was marginally significant (P = 0.05) with increases of 16.2% and 35.1% at weeks 34 and 52, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that caloric-restricted LCD and LFD dietary patterns favorably modify leptin and possibly the A/L ratio, and lend support to the hypothesis that these interventions may be effective for obesity-related breast cancer prevention through their effects on biomarkers involved in metabolic pathways. TRIAL REGISTRATION CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01559194.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adana AM Llanos
- />Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
- />The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1590 N. High St., Suite 525, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Jessica L Krok
- />The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1590 N. High St., Suite 525, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Juan Peng
- />Department of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Michael L Pennell
- />Department of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Susan Olivo-Marston
- />Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
- />The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1590 N. High St., Suite 525, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Mara Z Vitolins
- />Department of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Cecilia R DeGraffinreid
- />The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1590 N. High St., Suite 525, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Electra D Paskett
- />Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
- />The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1590 N. High St., Suite 525, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
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Rose DP, Vona-Davis L. Influence of obesity on breast cancer receptor status and prognosis. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 9:1091-101. [DOI: 10.1586/era.09.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Breast cancer pathology, receptor status, and patterns of metastasis in a rural appalachian population. J Cancer Epidemiol 2014; 2014:170634. [PMID: 24527034 PMCID: PMC3913201 DOI: 10.1155/2014/170634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer patients in rural Appalachia have a high prevalence of obesity and poverty, together with more triple-negative phenotypes. We reviewed clinical records for tumor receptor status and time to distant metastasis. Body mass index, tumor size, grade, nodal status, and receptor status were related to metastatic patterns. For 687 patients, 13.8% developed metastases to bone (n = 42) or visceral sites (n = 53). Metastases to viscera occurred within five years, a latent period which was shorter than that for bone (P = 0.042). More women with visceral metastasis presented with grade 3 tumors compared with the bone and nonmetastatic groups (P = 0.0002). There were 135/574 women (23.5%) with triple-negative breast cancer, who presented with lymph node involvement and visceral metastases (68.2% versus 24.3%; P = 0.033). Triple-negative tumors that metastasized to visceral sites were larger (P = 0.007). Developing a visceral metastasis within 10 years was higher among women with triple-negative tumors. Across all breast cancer receptor subtypes, the probability of remaining distant metastasis-free was greater for brain and liver than for lung. The excess risk of metastatic spread to visceral organs in triple-negative breast cancers, even in the absence of positive nodes, was combined with the burden of larger and more advanced tumors.
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Rose DP, Vona-Davis L. Biochemical and molecular mechanisms for the association between obesity, chronic inflammation, and breast cancer. Biofactors 2014; 40:1-12. [PMID: 23857944 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Upper body obesity is a risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer and is related to an aggressive tumor phenotype and a poor prognosis regardless of menopausal status. After the menopause, the major mechanism for the association with disease risk is elevated estrogen production by adipose tissue, due to a high level of aromatase activity: these hormone-dependent tumors express both estrogen and progesterone receptors. Other important biological factors of risk include leptin and adiponectin, adipokines with opposing endocrine and paracrine activities, and obesity-related hyperinsulinemia. Chronic inflammation of the breast adipose tissue, which occurs in some obese women and is indicated by the accumulation of macrophages around dead adipocytes ("crown-like structures"), rather than adiposity per se, may prove to be the pathological lesion responsible for both local aromatase induction, and enhanced invasiveness and metastatic capacity through biological mechanisms that involve leptin, tumor necrosis factor-α, and insulin. A causal association between obesity in premenopausal women and breast cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition, perhaps with the participation of the Wnt signaling pathway, and aggressive hormone-independent breast cancer is suggested by a number of experimental and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Rose
- Department of Surgery and Breast Cancer Research Program, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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He Z, Feng GS. Control of body weight versus tumorigenesis by concerted action of leptin and estrogen. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2013; 14:339-45. [PMID: 24142297 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-013-9277-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Improper body weight control is most critical to the development of morbid obesity, which is often associated with alternation in leptin (Ob) signaling in the central nervous system. Leptin acts to control fat mass through the regulation of both food intake and energy expenditure. In addition to the primary action in metabolic signaling, leptin has also been found to play a role in reproduction and even in breast tumorigenesis in obese patients. Interestingly, estrogen, a sex hormone, has also been recognized as another crucial factor for energy balance and breast tumorigenesis in obese subjects. Obesity in postmenopausal women has been associated with higher risk of breast cancer. There are substantial data in the literature on the connection of estrogen and leptin pathways in development of obesity and breast cancer. In this review, we discuss the cross-talk of leptin and estrogen signaling pathways in body weight control and breast cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China,
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The Association between Leptin Level and Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67349. [PMID: 23826274 PMCID: PMC3694967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Contradictory results have been reported regarding the association between leptin level and breast cancer. Therefore, a meta-analysis was performed to investigate this issue. Methods Published literature from PubMed and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) Database was retrieved. This study was performed based on different cases and control groups. The combined effect () with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using fixed-effects or random-effects model analysis. Results Overall, the mean serum leptin level of case groups was significantly higher than that of control groups. A) For 9 studies comparing breast cancer cases and healthy controls the combined effect was 0.58 with 95% CI (0.48, 0.68). B) For 4 studies comparing premenopausal breast cancer cases and healthy controls the was 0.32 (0.12, 0.52). C) For 5 studies comparing postmenopausal cases and healthy controls the was 0.65 (0.46, 0.84). D) For 4 studies comparing breast cancer cases and breast benign controls the was 0.38 (0.17, 0.59). E) For 2 studies comparing premenopausal breast cancer cases and breast benign controls the was 0.33 (-0.25, 0.91). F) For 6 studies comparing postmenopausal breast cancer cases and breast benign controls the was 0.39 (0.19, 0.60). G) For 4 studies comparing lymph node metastasis positive cases and negative controls the was 0.72 (0.45, 1.00). H) For 3 studies comparing breast benign cases and healthy controls the was 0.71 (0.41, 1.01). Conclusion This meta-analysis suggests that leptin level plays a role in breast cancer and has potential for development as a diagnostic tool.
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Li Z, Yuan W, Ning S, Li J, Zhai W, Zhang S. Role of leptin receptor (LEPR) gene polymorphisms and haplotypes in susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma in subjects with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Mol Diagn Ther 2013; 16:383-8. [PMID: 23090836 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-012-0008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM The reported association of the leptin receptor (LEPR) protein with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) carcinogenesis prompted us to evaluate whether genetic polymorphisms of the LEPR gene affect susceptibility to HCC and its clinicopathologic characteristics. METHODS A total of 417 subjects who were diagnosed with HCC and 551 age- and sex-matched subjects without HCC were enrolled in this study. All subjects had chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the LEPR gene were determined. RESULTS The genotype frequencies of Lys109Arg and Gln223Arg differed significantly between HCC and non-HCC subjects (both p < 0.001). For the Lys109Arg polymorphism, HCC subjects had a higher prevalence of 109Arg/Arg than non-HCC subjects. The 109Arg/Arg carriers had a significantly higher adjusted risk of HCC than the 109Lys/Lys carriers. For the Gln223Arg polymorphism, subjects with the 223Arg/Arg genotype had a significantly higher risk of HCC than those with the 223Gln/Gln genotype. The Lys656Asn SNP did not affect the HCC risk. Haplotype analyses showed that subjects with 109Lys-656Lys-223Arg and 109Arg-656Asn-223Arg haplotypes had an increased HCC risk, while the 109Lys-656Lys-223Gln and 109Lys-656Asn-223Gln haplotypes had protective effects against HCC development. None of these polymorphisms were related to the clinicopathologic features of HCC. CONCLUSION The Lys109Arg and Gln223Arg polymorphisms of the LEPR gene are associated with susceptibility to HCC but not with its clinicopathologic features. These polymorphisms may represent genetic markers for the risk of HCC in the context of chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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He J, Xi B, Ruiter R, Shi TY, Zhu ML, Wang MY, Li QX, Zhou XY, Qiu LX, Wei QY. Association of LEP G2548A and LEPR Q223R polymorphisms with cancer susceptibility: evidence from a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75135. [PMID: 24146750 PMCID: PMC3798550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous epidemiological studies have examined associations of genetic variations in LEP (G2548A, -2548 nucleotide upstream of the ATG start site) and LEPR (Q223R, nonsynonymous SNP in exon 6) with cancer susceptibility; however, the findings are inconsistent. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to comprehensively evaluate such associations. METHODS We searched published literature from MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and CBM for eligible publications. We also assessed genotype-based mRNA expression data from HapMap for rs7799039 (G2548A) and rs1137101 (Q223R) in normal cell lines derived from 270 subjects with different ethnicities. RESULTS The final analysis included 16 published studies of 6569 cases and 8405 controls for the LEP G2548A and 19 studies of 7504 cases and 9581 controls for the LEPR Q223R. Overall, LEP G2548A was statistically significantly associated with an increased risk of overall cancer (AA vs. GG: OR=1.27, 95% CI=1.05-1.54; recessive model: OR=1.19, 95% CI=1.00-1.41). Further stratifications by cancer type showed an increased risk for prostate cancer (recessive model: OR=1.26, 95% CI=1.05-1.51) but not for other cancers. For LEPR Q223R, no statistical evidence for an association with risk of cancer was found for all; however, further stratification by ethnicity showed an increased risk for Africans but not for other ethnicities. No significantly differences in LEP and LEPR mRNA expression were found among genotypes or by ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS Despite some limitations, this meta-analysis found some statistical evidence for an association between the LEP 2548AA genotype and overall risk of cancer, particularly for prostate cancer, but given this variant did not have an effect on mRNA expression, this association warrants additional validation in large and well-designed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Xi
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rikje Ruiter
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ting-Yan Shi
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhu
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Yun Wang
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiao-Xin Li
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Xin Qiu
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (LXQ); (QYW)
| | - Qing-Yi Wei
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LXQ); (QYW)
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Regulation of leptin receptor expression in human papillary thyroid cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2012; 66:469-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Llanos AA, Dumitrescu RG, Marian C, Makambi KH, Spear SL, Kallakury BVS, Perry DJ, Convit RJ, Platek ME, Millen AE, Adams-Campbell LL, Freudenheim JL, Shields PG. Adipokines in plasma and breast tissues: associations with breast cancer risk factors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012; 21:1745-55. [PMID: 22892282 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood adipokines are associated with breast cancer risk; however, blood-breast adipokine correlations and factors that explain variation in adipokines are unknown. METHODS Plasma (n = 155) and breast (n = 85) leptin and adiponectin were assessed by immunoassays in women with no history of cancer. Multivariable-adjusted regression models were used to determine breast adipokine associations. RESULTS Through body mass index (BMI)-adjusted analyses, we initially observed positive plasma-breast correlations for leptin (r = 0.41, P = 0.0002) and adiponectin (r = 0.23, P = 0.05). The positive plasma-breast correlation for leptin was strongest among normal weight women (r = 0.62), whereas the correlation for adiponectin was strongest among obese women (r = 0.31). In multivariable models, adjusting for BMI, demographic, reproductive, and lifestyle factors, plasma leptin was not associated with breast leptin, and only the highest quartile of plasma adiponectin was associated with tissue levels. Of the risk factors investigated, those that contributed most to the variation in breast tissue adipokines were BMI and race for leptin, oral contraceptive use and smoking status for adiponectin. CONCLUSIONS Although we report positive plasma-breast adipokine correlations overall, plasma adipokine concentrations may not be good surrogates for breast concentrations among all women. Predictors of breast adipokines vary, depending on subject characteristics, possibly explaining inconsistent epidemiologic results and they implicate differing pathways toward carcinogenesis. IMPACT A clearer understanding of the relationships between plasma adipokines and their levels within the target organ is necessary to better understand the impact of these hormones on breast cancer risk. Future studies are needed to identify additional factors associated with breast adipokines in target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adana A Llanos
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 300 W. 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Llanos AA, Makambi KH, Tucker CA, Shields PG, Adams-Campbell LL. Alcohol, anthropometrics, and breast cancer risk in African American women. Breast J 2012; 18:394-5. [PMID: 22681594 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4741.2012.01265.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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40
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Gu F, Kraft P, Rice M, Michels KB. Leptin and leptin receptor genes in relation to premenopausal breast cancer incidence and grade in Caucasian women. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 131:17-25. [PMID: 21947707 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-011-1778-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Body mass is inversely related to breast cancer risk among premenopausal women. Leptin, an essential cytokine regulating food intake, energy expenditure, glucose, and fat metabolism may be part of the mechanistic pathway. We investigated 50 tagging and candidate SNPs in the leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR) genes for associations with premenopausal breast cancer incidence using 405 cases and 810 controls nested within the Nurses' Health Study II. We also examined associations between these SNPs and circulating leptin (among 910 women) and breast cancer grade (among 267 patients). Permutation tests were performed to adjust for multiple testing. We did not detect a significant association between SNPs in the LEP or LEPR gene and either breast cancer incidence or plasma leptin levels. Among cases, 14 SNPs of the LEPR gene were significantly associated with cancer grade, and rs1137101 (Q223R) survived multiple testing adjustment (adjusted P = 0.04). The G carriers of rs1137101 were more likely to have poorly differentiated than well-differentiated cancers. Our data suggest that common genetic variation in the LEP or LEPR gene has no strong association with premenopausal breast cancer risk. The LEPR gene might be associated with breast cancer grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyi Gu
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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41
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Polymorphisms in three obesity-related genes (LEP, LEPR, and PON1) and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2011; 32:1233-40. [PMID: 21887553 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-011-0227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Common genetic variations in the leptin (LEP), leptin receptor (LEPR), and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) genes have been considered to be implicated in the development of breast cancer. However, the results were inconsistent. In this study, a meta-analysis was performed to assess the associations of five polymorphisms, including LEP G2548A, LEPR Q223R, LEPR Lys109Arg, PON1 L55M, and PON1 Q192R polymorphisms, with breast cancer risk. Published literature from PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Embase databases, CNKI, and Wanfang Data were retrieved. All studies evaluating the association between LEP G2548A, LEPR Q223R, LEPR Lys109Arg, PON1 L55M, or PON1 Q192R polymorphism and breast cancer risk were included. Pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using fixed- or random-effects model. Three studies (2,003 cases and 1,967 controls) for LEP G2548A polymorphism, nine studies (4,627 cases and 5,476 controls) for LEPR Q223R polymorphism, five studies (2,759 cases and 2,573 controls) for LEPR Lys109Arg polymorphism, four studies (1,517 cases and 1,379 controls) for PON1 L55M polymorphism, and five studies (1,575 cases and 2,283 controls) for PON1 Q192R polymorphism were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the results showed null significant association between LEP G2548A, LEPR Q223R, LEPR Lys109Arg, or PON1 Q192R polymorphism and breast cancer risk; however, PON1 L55M was significantly associated with breast cancer risk overall (MM vs. LL: OR = 2.16; 95% CI, 1.76-2.66). For LEPR Q223R polymorphism, further subgroup analysis suggested that the association was only statistically significant in East Asians (OR = 0.50; 95% CI, 0.36-0.70) but not in Caucasians (OR = 1.06; 95% CI, 0.77-1.45) or Africans (OR = 1.30; 95% CI, 0.83-2.03). The present meta-analysis suggested that LEPR Q223R polymorphism might be implicated in the development of breast cancer in East Asians; PON1 L55M might increase breast cancer risk. However, given the limited sample size, the findings warrant further investigation.
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42
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Perks CM, Holly JMP. Hormonal mechanisms underlying the relationship between obesity and breast cancer. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2011; 40:485-507, vii. [PMID: 21889716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Given the worldwide epidemic of obesity, it is inevitably an increasingly common comorbidity for women who develop breast cancer; therefore, it is critical to understand its impact on this disease. This review focuses on the influence of obesity on breast cancer development and progression and describes the hormonal factors that may underlie the observations, with particular emphasis on the roles of estrogen, insulin/insulin-like growth factor axis, and adipokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Perks
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK.
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43
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Harris HR, Tworoger SS, Hankinson SE, Rosner BA, Michels KB. Plasma leptin levels and risk of breast cancer in premenopausal women. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011; 4:1449-56. [PMID: 21680707 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-11-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Body mass index (BMI) is inversely related to the risk of premenopausal breast cancer, but the underlying biological mechanisms of this association are poorly understood. Leptin, a peptide hormone produced primarily by adipocytes, is a potential mediator of the BMI association because BMI and total body fat are positively associated with circulating leptin levels and leptin and its receptor are overexpressed in breast tumors. We conducted a prospective case-control study nested within the Nurses' Health Study II cohort examining the association between plasma leptin levels in premenopausal women and breast cancer risk. Leptin was measured in blood samples collected between 1996 and 1999. The analysis included 330 incident breast cancer cases diagnosed after blood collection and 636 matched controls. Logistic regression models, controlling for breast cancer risk factors, were used to calculate ORs and 95% CIs. After adjustment for BMI at age 18, weight change since age 18 to blood draw, and other breast cancer risk factors, plasma leptin levels were inversely associated with breast cancer risk (OR for top vs. bottom quartile = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.31-0.99; P(trend) = 0.04). Adjustment for BMI at blood draw attenuated the association (OR = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.38-1.23; P(trend) = 0.26). Our results suggest that leptin may be inversely associated with breast cancer risk, but it is unclear whether any part of this association is independent of BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly R Harris
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Abstract
It is well recognized that obesity increases the risk of various cancers, including breast malignancies in postmenopausal women. Furthermore, obesity may adversely affect tumor progression, metastasis, and overall prognosis in both pre- and postmenopausal women with breast cancer. However, the precise mechanism(s) through which obesity acts is/are still elusive and this relationship has been the subject of much investigation and speculation. Recently, adipose tissue and its associated cytokine-like proteins, adipokines, particularly leptin and adiponectin, have been investigated as mediators for the association of obesity with breast cancer. Higher circulating levels of leptin found in obese subjects could be a growth-enhancing factor as supported by in vitro and preclinical studies, whereas low adiponectin levels in obese women may be permissive for leptin's growth-promoting effects. These speculations are supported by in vitro studies which indicate that leptin promotes human breast cancer cell proliferation while adiponectin exhibits anti-proliferative actions. Further, estrogen and its receptors have a definite impact on the response of human breast cancer cell lines to leptin and adiponectin. More in-depth studies are needed to provide additional and precise links between the in vivo development of breast cancer and the balance of adiponectin and leptin.
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45
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Leptin expression and leptin receptor gene polymorphisms in growth hormone deficiency patients. Hum Genet 2011; 129:455-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-010-0941-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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46
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Cheng SP, Doherty GM, Chang YC, Liu CL. Leptin: the link between overweight and primary hyperparathyroidism? Med Hypotheses 2010; 76:94-6. [PMID: 20826060 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2010.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Primary hyperparathyroidism is one of the most common causes of hypercalcemia. Most cases result from sporadic benign monoclonal adenomas or hyperplasia. Increased body weight is consistently present in cohorts of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. It has been shown that fat mass is the major determinant of serum parathyroid hormone levels independent of vitamin D status. Leptin, an adipocyte-derived hormone with mitogenic activity, regulates energy homeostasis and mineral metabolism. Serum leptin levels increase in parallel to the amount of adipose stores. Interestingly, a positive association between leptin and parathyroid hormone levels is observed. Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism have higher serum leptin levels than healthy subjects. In addition, leptin administration in mice increases circulating levels of parathyroid hormone. We hypothesize that leptin involves pathogenesis of primary hyperparathyroidism and represents a link between hyperparathyroidism and increased body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ping Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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47
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Sun CA, Wu MH, Chu CH, Chou YC, Hsu GC, Yang T, Chou WY, Yu CP, Yu JC. Adipocytokine resistin and breast cancer risk. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010; 123:869-76. [PMID: 20177966 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-010-0792-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2009] [Accepted: 02/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adipocytokine resistin is a member of the newly discovered family of cysteine-rich protein. Recent data suggest that macrophages are a major source of human resistin. Given the obesity-breast cancer link and convergence of adipocyte and macrophage function, resistin may provide unique insight into links between obesity, inflammation, and breast cancer risk in humans. We conducted a hospital-based case-control study to evaluate whether plasma resistin levels were associated with breast cancer risk in women. We also examined the modification effect of estrogen exposures on the resistin-breast cancer link. Questionnaire information, anthropometric measures, and blood samples were taken before treatment from 380 incident cases with breast cancer and 760 controls admitted for health examination at the Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei between 2004 and 2008. Plasma levels of resistin were measured by enzyme immunoassay. Cumulative exposure to estrogens were estimated according to the age at menarche and age at enrollment for premenopausal women and age at menarche and age at menopause for postmenopausal women. Cases with breast cancer had significantly elevated resistin concentrations as compared with control subjects. Compared with those in the lowest quartile, the adjusted odds ratios of breast cancer for women in the second, third, and highest quartiles were 1.48 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.65-3.38], 1.76 (95% CI = 1.00-4.73), and 2.08 (95% CI = 1.04-3.85), respectively. Furthermore, the biological gradient of breast cancer risk by plasma resistin levels remained after adjustment for measures of adiposity. The dose-dependent relationship of resistin levels with breast cancer risk was notably pronounced among women with excess exposure to estrogens. Adipocytokine resistin may have an adiposity-independent role in breast carcinogenesis. Mechanistic studies to fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying resistin's effects should be pursued in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-An Sun
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, No. 510, Jhongjheng Road, Sinjhuang 242, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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48
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Macciò A, Madeddu C, Mantovani G. Adipose tissue as target organ in the treatment of hormone-dependent breast cancer: new therapeutic perspectives. Obes Rev 2009; 10:660-70. [PMID: 19460113 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2009.00592.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the female malignant neoplasia with the highest incidence in the industrialized world. Despite many undeniable therapeutic successes obtained, breast cancer still remains, however, a major health issue. In the last few years, thanks to aromatase inhibitors, the hormone therapy for oestrogen-dependent breast cancer has evolved in terms of efficacy and tolerability; at the same time, it has enabled us to better define the role of oestrogens in the etiopathogenesis of this tumour. Weight increase and obesity have been identified as the most important risk and prognostic factors for breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the association of obesity with postmenopausal breast cancer. A more recent hypothesis suggests that adipocytes and their autocrine (paracrine and endocrine actions) are at the centre of such an etiopathogenetic mechanism. A better understanding of the main mechanisms that link together menopause, body-weight increase and hormone-dependent breast cancer is paramount to enable the identification of key molecules involved in the development of breast carcinoma and suggest new therapeutic options. The present review will discuss important findings on the therapeutic aspects of adipose tissue and adipokines as a target for treatment of hormone-dependent breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Macciò
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sirai Hospital, Carbonia, Italy.
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Teras LR, Goodman M, Patel AV, Bouzyk M, Tang W, Diver WR, Feigelson HS. No association between polymorphisms in LEP, LEPR, ADIPOQ, ADIPOR1, or ADIPOR2 and postmenopausal breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18:2553-7. [PMID: 19723917 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-0542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin may influence breast tumor development. We conducted a nested case-control study using women in the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II to examine the association between postmenopausal breast cancer and variability in the genes encoding leptin, the leptin receptor, adiponectin, adiponectin receptor 1, and adiponectin receptor 2. Using 648 cases and 659 controls, we found no statistically significant (P < 0.05) associations between breast cancer risk and any of the single nucleotide polymorphisms. Individual odds ratios ranged from 0.93 to 1.06. We found no evidence of effect modification by body mass index, adult weight gain, location of weight gain, or physical activity. Although we cannot rule out that these genes are involved in gene-gene or gene-environment interactions, our results suggest that individual single nucleotide polymorphisms in these genes do not substantially affect postmenopausal breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R Teras
- Department of Epidemiology, American Cancer Society, National Home Office, 250 Williams Street Northwest, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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50
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Vona-Davis L, Rose DP. The Influence of Socioeconomic Disparities on Breast Cancer Tumor Biology and Prognosis: A Review. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2009; 18:883-93. [PMID: 19514831 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2008.1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Vona-Davis
- Breast Cancer Research Program, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, and the West Virginia University Center of Excellence in Women's Health, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - David P. Rose
- Breast Cancer Research Program, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, and the West Virginia University Center of Excellence in Women's Health, Morgantown, West Virginia
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