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Hashmi AN, Ahmed Dharejo R, Zubair UB, Khan N, Kashif I, Ajmal M, Taj R, Qamar R, Azam M. Association of dopamine β-hydroxylase polymorphism rs1611115 and serum levels with psychiatric disorders in Pakistani population. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:551-559. [PMID: 36120985 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2126774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM Dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) is a copper-containing enzyme that has an important role in maintaining the cellular homeostasis between the two neurotransmitters, dopamine (DA) and nor-adrenaline (NA). DBH functional polymorphisms are associated with multiple neuro-psychiatric conditions and are found to alter the DBH protein levels in serum affecting DBH enzymatic activity. The current study was conducted to determine the genetic and serum levels association of DBH rs1611115 functional polymorphism with major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SHZ) in the Pakistani population. METHODS In total n = 1097 subjects including MDD (n = 427), BD (n = 204), SHZ (n = 134) and healthy controls (n = 332), were screened for the functional polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Univariate logistic regression analysis was applied and the results were adjusted for age and sex. The DBH levels in serum were determined through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the Mann Whitney U test was applied. RESULTS The minor allele (-1021 C > T) was found to be significantly associated with a higher risk of developing BD and SHZ in both univariable and multivariable analyses. The overall total serum concentration of DBH was comparatively raised in MDD, however, in cross-comparison DBH serum levels were found markedly higher in CC homozygotes compared to TT homozygotes within the BD group. CONCLUSION The present study suggested a significant association of DBH rs1611115 with BD and SHZ and also the effect of rs1611115 on DBH serum levels in MDD and BD for the first time in the Pakistani population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Nasir Hashmi
- Translational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Raees Ahmed Dharejo
- Department of Psychiatry, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
- WAPDA Administrative Staff College, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Usama Bin Zubair
- Department of Psychiatry, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Netasha Khan
- Translational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Kashif
- Translational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ajmal
- Translational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Taj
- Department of Psychiatry, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Raheel Qamar
- Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Science and Technology Sector, ICESCO, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Maleeha Azam
- Translational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Hoang DV, Yamamoto S, Miki T, Fukunaga A, Islam Z, Konishi M, Mizoue T. Is there an association between ABO blood types and depressive symptoms among Japanese healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic? PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256441. [PMID: 34449801 PMCID: PMC8396730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ABO blood types could be a biological predisposition for depression. The present cross-sectional analysis was conducted amid the second wave of COVID-19 in Japan during July 2020. We wanted to investigate the association between ABO blood types and depressive symptoms among workers (352 men and 864 women, aged 21-73 years) of a medical institution in Tokyo, Japan, which took a leading role in the response to COVID-19 in the country. A Poisson regression model with a robust variance estimator was used to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for depressive symptoms associated with ABO blood types. Overall, the prevalence of depressive symptoms (using two questions employed from a Two-question case-finding instrument) was 22.0%. The adjusted PRs (95% CI) for depressive symptoms, comparing the carriers of blood type O, A, and AB with those of type B, were 0.88 (0.66, 1.18), 0.81 (0.62, 1.07), and 1.07 (0.74, 1.53), respectively. There was no difference in the prevalence of depressive symptoms between non-B and B carriers. The present study did not support the association of ABO blood types with depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Van Hoang
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Shohei Yamamoto
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takako Miki
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ami Fukunaga
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zobida Islam
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Konishi
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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The endowment effect in the genes: An exploratory study. JUDGMENT AND DECISION MAKING 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s1930297500004332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe endowment effect is a well-documented decision phenomenon, referring to a tendency that people price a commodity higher when selling it than when buying it. This phenomenon can be interpreted as a sort of inertia, an unwillingness to make a change, or in other words an attachment to the status-quo. People with autism dislike social interaction, and are thus probably less willing to buy and sell items and more attached to the status quo. Previous research revealed that T-carriers of a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) gene, rs1611115 (C-1021T), are associated with autism and difficulty in social interaction. Therefore, rs1611115 may modulate the endowment effect. In the current study, the subjects sold and bought lotteries with various probabilities of winning money and provided saliva for genotyping. We found that T-carriers (people of CT genotype in this study) exhibited greater endowment effects compared to people of CC genotype. We discuss another two possible explanations of our results: empathy and loss aversion. This is the first attempt to research the endowment effect from the perspective of genes. The result indicates that an SNP of genes (an innate factor) can exert an observable effect on human market activities.
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Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase 19-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism affects medication overuse in patients with chronic migraine. Neurol Sci 2019; 40:1717-1724. [PMID: 30972508 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-03865-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) enzyme activity is modulated at the genetic level by the presence of several polymorphisms. Among these, the 19-bp insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism (rs72393728/rs141116007) was investigated in several genetic association studies for its correlation with the susceptibility to develop episodic migraine, but conflicting results were achieved. In the present study we analyzed this genetic variant in a carefully characterized population of migraineurs encompassing both episodic and chronic migraine (with and without medication overuse) with the aim to perform a replication study and verify any possible correlation with migraine endophenotypes. Genotyping of the DBH 19-bp I/D polymorphism was performed on 400 migraine patients and 204 healthy individuals. The associations between genotypic frequencies and the clinical and sociodemographic features of migraineurs were then investigated. The DBH 19-bp I/D polymorphism did not correlate with migraine susceptibility or most clinical variables, with the exception of a statistically significant correlation within the subgroup of patients affected by chronic migraine were the individuals carrying the deleted (D) allele were significantly more prone to abuse in analgesics. As a result of this finding, the DBH 19-bp I/D polymorphism does not influence migraine susceptibility, but it might contribute to the development of medication overuse in patient with chronic migraine.
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Leal L, Talla V, Källman T, Friberg M, Wiklund C, Dincă V, Vila R, Backström N. Gene expression profiling across ontogenetic stages in the wood white (Leptidea sinapis) reveals pathways linked to butterfly diapause regulation. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:935-948. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Leal
- Department of Evolutionary Biology; Evolutionary Biology Centre (EBC); Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution; Evolutionary Biology Centre (EBC); Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Venkat Talla
- Department of Evolutionary Biology; Evolutionary Biology Centre (EBC); Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Thomas Källman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology; Uppsala Biomedical Centre (BMC); Uppsala Sweden
| | - Magne Friberg
- Department of Biology; Biodiversity Unit; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - Christer Wiklund
- Department of Zoology; Division of Ecology; Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Vlad Dincă
- Department of Ecology and Genetics; University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
| | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF); Barcelona Spain
| | - Niclas Backström
- Department of Evolutionary Biology; Evolutionary Biology Centre (EBC); Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
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The dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene polymorphism rs1611114 is associated with schizophrenia in the Chinese Zhuang but not Chinese Han population. Mol Genet Genomics 2016; 291:1813-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-016-1221-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ounissi M, Benkirane A, Dempsey E, Soares R, Jullien V, Pons G, Chhun S. A review of potential pharmacogenetic effects on catecholamine responses. Drug Metab Rev 2015; 47:558-64. [PMID: 26530497 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2015.1102932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Considerably, variability in the clinical response to inotropic agents is observed and could be explained partially by the genetic variants, such as single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in genes encoding for enzymes implicated in catecholamines synthesis, metabolism, storage and release or in the signaling pathway. This review highlights the potential effect of pharmacogenetics studies in hemodynamic response and identified 11 SNPs that could be relevant to explain the high variability drug response for a same dose. Cardiovascular instability, such as hypotension, is one of the premature birth complications. The pharmacogenetics studies evaluating these SNP may be useful to better understand the clinical outcome, particularly in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Ounissi
- a Université Paris Descartes, INSERM U1129 , Paris , France
| | - Aida Benkirane
- a Université Paris Descartes, INSERM U1129 , Paris , France
| | - Eugene Dempsey
- b Department of Pediatrics and Child Health , University College and Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT) , Cork , Ireland
| | - Ricardo Soares
- a Université Paris Descartes, INSERM U1129 , Paris , France
| | - Vincent Jullien
- a Université Paris Descartes, INSERM U1129 , Paris , France .,c Service De Pharmacologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou , Paris , France
| | - Gérard Pons
- a Université Paris Descartes, INSERM U1129 , Paris , France
| | - Stéphanie Chhun
- d Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151 , Paris , France , and.,e Laboratoire D'immunologie Biologique , Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades , AP-HP Paris , France
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Chen H, Ji CX, Zhao LL, Kong XJ, Zeng XT. Association Between Polymorphisms of DRD2, COMT, DBH, and MAO-A Genes and Migraine Susceptibility: A Meta-Analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e2012. [PMID: 26632697 PMCID: PMC5058966 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Some epidemiological studies have investigated the relationship between genetic polymorphisms of DRD2, COMT, DBH, and MAO-A and migraine susceptibility, but the results are still inconsistent. Thus, our aim was to further assess the association through a meta-analysis.We examined 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 4 genes, including DRD2 rs1799732 and rs6275, DBH rs7239728, MAI-A-VNTR, and COMT rs4680, and performed a meta-analysis of 11 published case-control studies including 3138 cases and 4126 controls. Odd ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to evaluate the association between the 5 genetic polymorphisms and migraine susceptibility.There was no significant relationship between migraine susceptibility and 4 genetic polymorphisms of DRD2 rs1799732 and rs6275, DBH rs7239728, and MAO-A-VNTR. Nevertheless, decreased risk of migraine was observed to be in association with COMT rs4680 polymorphism in overall analysis (AA vs. GG + GA: OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.60-0.97, PHet > 0.642, I = 0), and in Caucasian group after subgroup analysis (AA vs. GG + GA: OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.58-0.96, PHet > 0.433, I = 0).Studied polymorphisms of DRD2, DBH, and MAO-A genes may not be associated with migraine susceptibility. However, COMT rs4680 polymorphism may decrease the risk of migraine, especially in Caucasians. The failure to evaluate environmental influence and provide adjusted effect size estimates highlights the need for additional studies in a large number to take these factors into consideration, thus better elucidating the role of the genes tested in migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Chen
- From Department of Scientific Research, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, China (HC); Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, China (C-XJ, HC); Department of Human Resources, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, China (L-LZ); Central Laboratory, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, China (X-JK); and Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (X-TZ)
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Lack of association between dopamine-β hydroxylase gene and a history of suicide attempt in schizophrenia: comparison of molecular and statistical haplotype analyses. Psychiatr Genet 2014; 24:110-5. [PMID: 24710129 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S) In the present study, we examined whether there was an association between dopamine-β hydroxylase (DBH) promoter polymorphisms (a 5'-ins/del and a GTn repeats) and a history of suicide attempt in 223 chronic schizophrenia individuals using statistical and molecular analyses. Within the genetic association study design, we compared the statistical haplotype phase with the molecular phase produced by the amplicon size analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The two DBH polymorphisms were analysed using the Applied Biosystem 3130 and the statistical analyses were carried out using UNPHASED v.3.1.5 and PHASE v.2.1.1 to determine the haplotype frequencies and infer the phase in each patient. Then, DBH polymorphisms were incorporated into the Haploscore analysis to test the association with a history of suicide attempt. RESULTS In our sample, 62 individuals had a history of suicide attempt. There was no association between DBH polymorphisms and a history of suicide attempt across the different analytical strategies applied. There was no significant difference between the haplotype frequencies produced by the amplicon size analysis and statistical analytical strategies. However, some of the haplotype pairs inferred in the PHASE analysis were inconsistent with the molecular haplotype size measured by the ABI 3130. CONCLUSION The amplicon size analysis proved to be the most accurate method using the haplotype as a possible genetic marker for future testing. Although the results were not significant, further molecular analyses of the DBH gene and other candidate genes can clarify the utility of the molecular phase in psychiatric genetics and personalized medicine.
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Gong P, Liu J, Li S, Zhou X. Dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene modulates individuals' empathic ability. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2013; 9:1341-5. [PMID: 23988761 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nst122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH), an enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinephrine, has broad influences on social functions. In this study, we examined to what extent two polymorphisms (-1021C/T and a 19 bp insertion/deletion) in DBH gene modulate individuals' empathic perception and response, which were measured, respectively, by reading the mind in the eyes test and the empathic concern subscale of interpersonal reactivity index. Results showed that polymorphism at -1021C/T, but not the 19 bp insertion/deletion, accounts for 2.3% variance of empathic perception and 1.4% variance of empathic response. Individuals with the CC genotype, which is associated with higher DBH activity, manifested greater empathic ability than those with CT/TT genotypes. These findings demonstrate the importance of DBH -1021C/T as a genetic basis of empathy and in predicting individual differences in social and affective processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingyuan Gong
- Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Department of Psychology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China, Key Laboratory of Machine Perception (Ministry of Education) and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Department of Psychology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China, Key Laboratory of Machine Perception (Ministry of Education) and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jinting Liu
- Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Department of Psychology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China, Key Laboratory of Machine Perception (Ministry of Education) and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - She Li
- Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Department of Psychology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China, Key Laboratory of Machine Perception (Ministry of Education) and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhou
- Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Department of Psychology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China, Key Laboratory of Machine Perception (Ministry of Education) and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Department of Psychology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China, Key Laboratory of Machine Perception (Ministry of Education) and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Department of Psychology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China, Key Laboratory of Machine Perception (Ministry of Education) and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Kwon HJ, Lim MH. Association between dopamine Beta-hydroxylase gene polymorphisms and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in korean children. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2013; 17:529-34. [PMID: 23692268 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2013.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common disorder of the school-age population. ADHD is familial, and genetic studies estimate heritability at 80%-90%. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the genetic type and alleles for the dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) gene in Korean children with ADHD. The sample consisted of 142 ADHD children and 139 control children. We diagnosed ADHD according to DSM-IV. ADHD symptoms were evaluated with the Conners' Parent Rating Scales and Dupaul Parent ADHD Rating Scales. Blood samples were taken from the 281 subjects; DNA was extracted from blood lymphocytes, and polymerase chain reaction was performed for the DBH polymorphism. The alleles and genotype frequencies were compared using the chi-square test. We compared the allele and genotype frequencies of the DBH gene polymorphism in the ADHD and control groups. This study showed that there was a significant correlation among the frequencies of rs1611115 (odds ratio=0.64, 95% confidence interval=0.42-0.97, p=0.034) of the alleles of DBH, but the final conclusions are not definite. Follow-up studies with larger patient or pure subgroups are expected. These results suggested that DBH might be related to ADHD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Jang Kwon
- Environmental Health Center, Dankook Medical Hospital, Cheonan, South Korea
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12
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Association between 1603C>T polymorphism of DBH gene and bipolar disorder in a Turkish population. Gene 2013; 519:356-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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WANG GUANGXIN, MA YANHUI, WANG SHIFU, REN GUANGFANG, GUO HUI. Association of dopaminergic/GABAergic genes with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children. Mol Med Rep 2012; 6:1093-8. [PMID: 22895683 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Identification of a novel ANKK1 and other dopaminergic (DRD2 and DBH) gene variants in migraine susceptibility. Neuromolecular Med 2012; 15:61-73. [PMID: 22875483 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-012-8195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The dopaminergic system plays an important role in migraine and its clinical subtypes. Hypersensitization of dopamine receptor type 2 (DRD2) in migraine led to successful administration of receptor antagonists in antimigraine therapy. Ankyrin repeats and kinase domain containing 1 (ANKK1) gene in DRD2 loci is linked to comorbid neurological disorders. Dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH) is responsible for maintaining dopamine-to-norepinephrine ratio implicated in migraine pathophysiology. Therefore, we aimed to look for association of functional variants in ANKK1 (rs1800497), DRD2 (rs6275 and rs1799732) and DBH (rs7239728 and rs1611115) genes with migraine susceptibility. The present study was carried out in two dependent cohorts (n primary = 208, n secondary = 127, n controls = 200). The results of the cohorts were pooled by meta-analysis using Fisher's and Mantel-Haenszel test. Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate test was used to correct for multiple comparisons. Computer algorithm-based TANGO, WALTZ and LIMBO predictions were used to evaluate the effect of missense polymorphism (rs1800497). For ANKK1 polymorphism, variant genotype and allele showed significant associations with migraine risk. A significant protective effect of variant DRD2 rs6275 polymorphism was noticed. DBH rs7239728 imparted significant risk at genotypic, allelic and carrier analyses. We identified a risk haplotype in DRD2 loci. Two genotype interactions between ANKK1rs1800497 and DBHrs72393728 polymorphisms showed significant risks. The variant gene product of ANKK1 rs1800497 was predicted with decreased aggregation of ANKK1 protein. In conclusion, we identified novel genetic variants, haplotype and gene interactions in dopaminergic pathway as potential risk factors for migraine susceptibility.
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Association between dopamine beta hydroxylase rs5320 polymorphism and smoking behaviour in elderly Japanese. J Hum Genet 2012; 57:385-90. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2012.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Bailey-Wilson JE, Wilson AF. Linkage analysis in the next-generation sequencing era. Hum Hered 2011; 72:228-36. [PMID: 22189465 DOI: 10.1159/000334381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Linkage analysis was developed to detect excess co-segregation of the putative alleles underlying a phenotype with the alleles at a marker locus in family data. Many different variations of this analysis and corresponding study design have been developed to detect this co-segregation. Linkage studies have been shown to have high power to detect loci that have alleles (or variants) with a large effect size, i.e. alleles that make large contributions to the risk of a disease or to the variation of a quantitative trait. However, alleles with a large effect size tend to be rare in the population. In contrast, association studies are designed to have high power to detect common alleles which tend to have a small effect size for most diseases or traits. Although genome-wide association studies have been successful in detecting many new loci with common alleles of small effect for many complex traits, these common variants often do not explain a large proportion of disease risk or variation of the trait. In the past, linkage studies were successful in detecting regions of the genome that were likely to harbor rare variants with large effect for many simple Mendelian diseases and for many complex traits. However, identifying the actual sequence variant(s) responsible for these linkage signals was challenging because of difficulties in sequencing the large regions implicated by each linkage peak. Current 'next-generation' DNA sequencing techniques have made it economically feasible to sequence all exons or the whole genomes of a reasonably large number of individuals. Studies have shown that rare variants are quite common in the general population, and it is now possible to combine these new DNA sequencing methods with linkage studies to identify rare causal variants with a large effect size. A brief review of linkage methods is presented here with examples of their relevance and usefulness for the interpretation of whole-exome and whole-genome sequence data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan E Bailey-Wilson
- Inherited Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Ji N, Shuai L, Chen Y, Liu L, Li HM, Li ZH, Yang L, Qian QJ, Tang YL, Cubells JF, Wang YF. Dopamine β-hydroxylase gene associates with stroop color-word task performance in Han Chinese children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2011; 156B:730-6. [PMID: 21761554 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The cognitive deficits observed in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are candidate endophenotypes for genetic association studies. Dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH) converts dopamine to norepinephrine, and its activity is under strong genetic control. Prior studies suggest association between ADHD and DBH gene. The present study examined associations between a putative functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at DBH with performance on the Stroop task in patients with ADHD and in healthy control subjects. A total of 812 Han Chinese youths with DSM-IV ADHD and 233 unaffected controls were included in the study. Comprehensive phenotype data were collected, including performance on a series of Stroop interference tests examining inhibition of response to interfering stimuli. DBH SNP -1021C/T was genotyped using the 5'-exonuclease (TaqMan®) method. Compared to unaffected controls, children with ADHD performed significantly worse in all categories of the Stroop test. In ADHD cases, DBH genotype at -1021C/T significantly associates with reaction times of incongruent color word parts but not the interference times, with TT genotype performing significantly better in both reaction time and interference time than other two genotype groups. DBH genotype did not associate with cognitive performance in unaffected controls or in the combined group. DBH genotype at -1021C/T associates with differences in performance on the Stroop task in children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ji
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
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18
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Cubells JF, Sun X, Li W, Bonsall RW, McGrath JA, Avramopoulos D, Lasseter VK, Wolyniec PS, Tang YL, Mercer K, Pulver AE, Elston RC. Linkage analysis of plasma dopamine β-hydroxylase activity in families of patients with schizophrenia. Hum Genet 2011; 130:635-43. [PMID: 21509519 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-011-0989-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH) catalyzes the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine. DβH enters the plasma after vesicular release from sympathetic neurons and the adrenal medulla. Plasma DβH activity (pDβH) varies widely among individuals, and genetic inheritance regulates that variation. Linkage studies suggested strong linkage of pDβH to ABO on 9q34, and positive evidence for linkage to the complement fixation locus on 19p13.2-13.3. Subsequent association studies strongly supported DBH, which maps adjacent to ABO, as the locus regulating a large proportion of the heritable variation in pDβH. Prior studies have suggested that variation in pDβH, or genetic variants at DβH, associate with differences in expression of psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia and other idiopathic or drug-induced brain disorders, suggesting that DBH might be a genetic modifier of psychotic symptoms. As a first step toward investigating that hypothesis, we performed linkage analysis on pDβH in patients with schizophrenia and their relatives. The results strongly confirm linkage of markers at DBH to pDβH under several models (maximum multipoint LOD score, 6.33), but find no evidence to support linkage anywhere on chromosome 19. Accounting for the contributions to the linkage signal of three SNPs at DBH, rs1611115, rs1611122, and rs6271 reduced but did not eliminate the linkage peak, whereas accounting for all SNPs near DBH eliminated the signal entirely. Analysis of markers genome-wide uncovered positive evidence for linkage between markers at chromosome 20p12 (multi-point LOD = 3.1 at 27.2 cM). The present results provide the first direct evidence for linkage between DBH and pDβH, suggest that rs1611115, rs1611122, rs6271 and additional unidentified variants at or near DBH contribute to the genetic regulation of pDβH, and suggest that a locus near 20p12 also influences pDβH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F Cubells
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, GA, USA.
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19
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Depression and the role of genes involved in dopamine metabolism and signalling. Prog Neurobiol 2010; 92:112-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Revised: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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20
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Human dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) regulatory polymorphism that influences enzymatic activity, autonomic function, and blood pressure. J Hypertens 2010; 28:76-86. [PMID: 20009769 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e328332bc87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) plays an essential role in catecholamine synthesis by converting dopamine into norepinephrine. Here we systematically investigated DBH polymorphisms associated with enzymatic activity as well as autonomic and blood pressure (BP)/disease phenotypes in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS Seventy genetic variants were discovered at the locus; across ethnicities, much of the promoter was spanned by a 5' haplotype block, with a larger block spanning the promoter in whites than blacks. DBH secretion was predicted by genetic variants in the DBH promoter, rather than the amino acid coding region. The C allele of common promoter variant C-970T increased plasma DBH activity, epinephrine excretion, the heritable change in BP during environmental stress in twin pairs, and also predicted higher basal BP in three independent populations. Mutagenesis and expression studies with isolated/transfected DBH promoter/luciferase reporters in chromaffin cells indicated that variant C-970T was functional. C-970T partially disrupted consensus transcriptional motifs for n-MYC and MEF-2, and this variant affected not only basal expression, but also the response to exogenous/co-transfected n-MYC or MEF-2; during chromatin immunoprecipitation, these two endogenous factors interacted with the motif. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that common DBH promoter variant C-970T plays a role in the pathogenesis of human essential hypertension: common genetic variation in the DBH promoter region seems to initiate a cascade of biochemical and physiological changes eventuating in alterations of basal BP. These observations suggest new molecular strategies for probing the pathophysiology, risk, and rational treatment of systemic hypertension.
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21
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Erez A, Li J, Geraghty M, Ben-Shachar S, Cooper M, Mensing D, Vonalt K, Ou Z, Pursley A, Chinault A, Patel A, Cheung S, Sahoo T. Mosaic deletion 11p13 in a child with dopamine beta-hydroxylase deficiency-Case report and review of the literature. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:732-6. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Gizer IR, Ficks C, Waldman ID. Candidate gene studies of ADHD: a meta-analytic review. Hum Genet 2009; 126:51-90. [PMID: 19506906 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-009-0694-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 756] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Gizer
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 120 Mason Farm Road, Room 5015 Genetic Medicine Building CB 7264, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264, USA.
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23
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Kvetnansky R, Sabban EL, Palkovits M. Catecholaminergic systems in stress: structural and molecular genetic approaches. Physiol Rev 2009; 89:535-606. [PMID: 19342614 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00042.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stressful stimuli evoke complex endocrine, autonomic, and behavioral responses that are extremely variable and specific depending on the type and nature of the stressors. We first provide a short overview of physiology, biochemistry, and molecular genetics of sympatho-adrenomedullary, sympatho-neural, and brain catecholaminergic systems. Important processes of catecholamine biosynthesis, storage, release, secretion, uptake, reuptake, degradation, and transporters in acutely or chronically stressed organisms are described. We emphasize the structural variability of catecholamine systems and the molecular genetics of enzymes involved in biosynthesis and degradation of catecholamines and transporters. Characterization of enzyme gene promoters, transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms, transcription factors, gene expression and protein translation, as well as different phases of stress-activated transcription and quantitative determination of mRNA levels in stressed organisms are discussed. Data from catecholamine enzyme gene knockout mice are shown. Interaction of catecholaminergic systems with other neurotransmitter and hormonal systems are discussed. We describe the effects of homotypic and heterotypic stressors, adaptation and maladaptation of the organism, and the specificity of stressors (physical, emotional, metabolic, etc.) on activation of catecholaminergic systems at all levels from plasma catecholamines to gene expression of catecholamine enzymes. We also discuss cross-adaptation and the effect of novel heterotypic stressors on organisms adapted to long-term monotypic stressors. The extra-adrenal nonneuronal adrenergic system is described. Stress-related central neuronal regulatory circuits and central organization of responses to various stressors are presented with selected examples of regulatory molecular mechanisms. Data summarized here indicate that catecholaminergic systems are activated in different ways following exposure to distinct stressful stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kvetnansky
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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24
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Hess C, Reif A, Strobel A, Boreatti-Hümmer A, Heine M, Lesch KP, Jacob CP. A functional dopamine-beta-hydroxylase gene promoter polymorphism is associated with impulsive personality styles, but not with affective disorders. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2008; 116:121-30. [PMID: 18982239 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-008-0138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DbetaH) catalyzes the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine in central noradrenergic and adrenergic neurons and thus is critically involved in the biosynthesis of catecholamines. There are equivocal findings concerning the question whether or not DssH activity levels are altered in affective disorders or in subtypes of affective disorders. Moreover, information about the role of dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) genotype, which explains a large part of the variance of enzymatic activity, in affective disorders and personality dimensions is limited. To resolve these inconsistencies, association tests were performed using four independent samples, healthy volunteers (N = 387), patients with affective disorders (N = 182), adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients (N = 407), and patients with personality disorders (N = 637). In the latter two samples, the revised NEO personality inventory (NEO-PI-R) was administered. All participants were genotyped for a putatively functional single nucleotide polymorphism (C-1021T, rs1611115). No differences in DBH C-1021T genotype distribution were observed between patients with affective disorders and healthy control subjects. Also when the patient sample was divided into uni- and bipolar patients versus controls, no significant differences emerged. Furthermore, no clear-cut association was detected between the TT genotype and personality disorder clusters while there was a significant association with adult ADHD. However, personality disorder patients carrying the DBH TT genotype exhibited higher neuroticism and novelty seeking scores as compared to individuals with the CC or CT genotype. Analyses on the level of the neuroticism and novelty seeking subscales revealed that the DBH TT genotype was primarily associated with personality features related to impulsiveness and aggressive hostility. Also adult ADHD patients carrying the homozygous TT genotypes displayed by significantly increased neuroticism scores; when both personality disorder and adult ADHD patient were analyzed together, TT carriers also displayed by significantly lower conscientiousness levels. Our results thus do not implicate the DBH C-1021T polymorphism in the pathophysiology of depressive disorders or personality disorders, yet homozygosity at this locus appears to increase the risk towards personality traits related to impulsiveness, aggression and related disease states, namely adult ADHD. These data argue for a dimensional rather than categorical effect of genetic variance in DBH activity; accordingly, the inconsistency of previous findings concerning DbetaH levels in affective disorders might be caused by the underlying association of the TT genotype at DBH-1021 with impulsive personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hess
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical and Molecular Psychobiology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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25
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Kieling C, Genro JP, Hutz MH, Rohde LA. The -1021 C/T DBH polymorphism is associated with neuropsychological performance among children and adolescents with ADHD. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2008; 147B:485-90. [PMID: 18081028 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Catecholaminergic imbalance has increasingly been implicated in the pathophysiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The enzyme dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (D beta H)-critical to catecholaminergic regulation-is under strong genetic control, with the -1021 C/T polymorphism accounting for up to 50% of the enzymatic activity. This work aimed to investigate association between this functional polymorphism and the performance of children and adolescents with ADHD in neuropsychological measures of executive function (EF). Sixty-four drug-naive patients with ADHD undertook a Continuous Performance Test and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. By means of a factorial analysis, a composite measure of EF was extracted. Performance according to genotypic group was analyzed, including age as a confounder. In addition, a family-based association test was conducted as a confirmatory analysis. Principal components analysis of neuropsychological measures loaded two factors that explained 83.8% of total variance. Cognitive performance, as measured by the composite score, showed significant difference between genotypic groups after adjustment for age (P = 0.002). The CC homozygosity was associated with a diminished global EF performance, a result that was corroborated by the intra-familial analysis. The present study demonstrated an association between the neuropsychological performance of children with ADHD and a functional polymorphism in the promoter region of the DBH gene. The refinement of the ADHD phenotype by means of composite measures of EF can contribute to uncover the molecular underpinnings of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kieling
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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26
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Xing C, Torres-Caban M, Wang T, Lu Q, Xing G, Elston RC. Linkage studies of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) cDNA expression levels. BMC Proc 2007; 1 Suppl 1:S95. [PMID: 18466599 PMCID: PMC2367604 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-1-s1-s95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The COMT and DBH genes are physically located at chromosomes 22q11 and 9q34, respectively, and both COMT and DBH are involved in catecholamine metabolism and are strong candidates for certain psychiatric and neurological disorders. Although the genetic determinants for both enzymes' activities have been widely studied, their genetic involvement on gene mRNA expression levels remains unclear. In this study we performed quantitative linkage analysis of COMT and DBH cDNA expression levels, identifying transcriptional regulatory regions for both genes. Multiple Haseman-Elston regression was used to detect both additive and interactive effects between two loci. We found that the master transcriptional regulatory region 20q13 had an additive effect on the COMT expression level. We also found that chromosome 19p13 showed both additive and interactive effects with 9q34 on DBH expression level. Furthermore, a potential interaction between COMT and DBH was indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xing
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Wolstein Research Building 2103, Cornell Drive, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
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27
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Fernandez F, Lea RA, Colson NJ, Bellis C, Quinlan S, Griffiths LR. Association between a 19 bp deletion polymorphism at the dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) locus and migraine with aura. J Neurol Sci 2006; 251:118-23. [PMID: 17095019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2006.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2006] [Revised: 09/12/2006] [Accepted: 09/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Migraine is a debilitating neurological disorder, affecting 12% of Caucasian populations. It is well known that migraine has a strong genetic component, although the type and number of genes involved is unclear. Our previous work has investigated dopamine related migraine candidate genes and has reported a significant allelic association with migraine of a microsatellite localised to the promoter region of the dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) gene. The present study performed an association analysis in a larger population of case-controls (275 unrelated Caucasian migraineurs versus 275 controls) examining two different genetic DBH polymorphisms (a functional insertion/deletion promoter and a coding SNP A444G polymorphism). Although no significant association was found for the SNP polymorphism, the results showed a significant association between the insertion/deletion variant and disease (chi(2)=8.92, P=0.011), in particular in migraine with aura (chi(2)=11.53, P=0.003) compared to the control group. Furthermore, the analysis of this polymorphism stratified by gender, revealed that male individuals with the homozygote deletion genotype had three times the risk of developing migraine, compared to females. The DBH insertion/deletion polymorphism is in linkage disequilibrium with the previously reported migraine associated DBH microsatellite and this insertion/deletion polymorphism is functional, which may explain a potential role in susceptibility to migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fernandez
- Genomics Research Centre, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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28
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Ozbay F, Wigg KG, Turanli ET, Asherson P, Yazgan Y, Sandor P, Barr CL. Analysis of the dopamine beta hydroxylase gene in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2006; 141B:673-7. [PMID: 16838359 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Numerous lines of evidence support the role of the catecholamines in the development of tics and Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS). Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) is the key enzyme in the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine and the alleles of several polymorphisms of the DBH gene are correlated with individual variation in serum levels of the enzyme. We investigated the genetic relationship of the gene for DBH to GTS in two samples, one collected in Canada and one collected in Turkey. In total 106 affected probands and siblings in 71 nuclear pedigrees and 40 affected individuals and 71 family members in five multi-generational pedigrees were genotyped for three polymorphisms in the DBH locus. In the Canadian pedigrees we found no convincing evidence for linkage either in the multi-generational pedigrees or association in the nuclear families. We found significant evidence for association in the Turkish pedigrees (n = 29) for the 19 bp insertion/deletion markers; however, there was no supporting evidence for association with the other two markers. Based on the small sample size and low number of informative transmissions, we conclude that the results from the 19 bp insertion/deletion markers may be a chance false positive finding. These findings, in total, suggest that the DBH locus is unlikely to be a major gene influencing the susceptibility to DBH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Ozbay
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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29
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Tomás A, Casellas J, Ramírez O, Pérez-Enciso M, Rodríguez C, Noguera JL, Sánchez A. Polymorphisms of the porcine dopaminebeta-hydroxylase gene and their relation to reproduction and piglet survivability in an Iberian x Meishan F2 intercross. Anim Genet 2006; 37:279-82. [PMID: 16734693 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2006.01457.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The goals of this study were to sequence and physically map the porcine dopaminebeta-hydroxylase (DBH) gene, as well as to perform an association study between polymorphisms of this gene and the reproductive performance and piglet survivability of F(2) pigs from an Iberian x Meishan cross. The porcine DBH gene was positioned by RH mapping near the telomere of chromosome 1q2.13, close to markers SSC10D08 and SW1301. Sequencing of DBH cDNAs from 10 pigs revealed the existence of six nucleotide polymorphisms, two of which led to non-synonymous amino acid substitutions within exon 3 at positions 463A>G and 616A>G that corresponded to Thr155Ala and Lys206Glu respectively. Three haplotypes segregated in an Iberian x Meishan population: DBH(X) (A(436)-A(616)), DBH(Y) (A(436)-G(616)) and DBH(Z) (G(436)-G(616)). The DBH haplotypes significantly affected rectal temperatures 1 h after birth (P = 0.002) and have a suggestive effect on the time to first colostrum intake (P = 0.019) and on birth weight (P = 0.019).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tomás
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Spain.
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30
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Freire MTMV, Marques FZC, Hutz MH, Bau CHD. Polymorphisms in the DBH and DRD2 gene regions and smoking behavior. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2006; 256:93-7. [PMID: 16032443 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-005-0610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2005] [Accepted: 06/09/2005] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The DRD2 TaqI A and DBH-1021 C/T polymorphisms were genotyped in smoking alcoholics (N = 100), non-alcoholic smokers (N = 120) and nonsmoking controls (N = 112). Alcoholic and non-alcoholic smokers presented a higher frequency of the DRD2 TaqI A1 allele (P = 0.04) than non-smoking controls. Individuals who had at least one DBH-1021 T allele smoked fewer cigarettes per day than CC homozygotes (P = 0.03). These results are coherent with the expected effects of these polymorphisms on dopaminergic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa M V Freire
- Departamento de Genética , Instituto de Biociências, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
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31
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Köhnke MD, Kolb W, Köhnke AM, Lutz U, Schick S, Batra A. DBH*444G/A polymorphism of the dopamine-β-hydroxylase gene is associated with alcoholism but not with severe alcohol withdrawal symptoms. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2005; 113:869-76. [PMID: 16252068 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-005-0365-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2005] [Accepted: 08/28/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
As the enzyme dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DbetaH) converts dopamine to norepinephrine and both transmitters seem to be involved in the pathology of alcoholism and severe alcohol withdrawal symptoms, the gene encoding DbetaH (DBH) was applied to explore the genetic background of alcoholism and severe withdrawal symptoms. 102 healthy control subjects and 208 alcoholics, including 97 patients with a history of mild withdrawal symptoms, 57 with a history of alcohol withdrawal seizure (AWS) and 82 with a history of delirium tremens (DT) were genotyped for the DBH*444G/A polymorphism revealing a significantly elevated frequency of genotypes carrying the A-allele (p = 0.02; after Bonferroni adjustment for multiple tests) in alcoholics compared to healthy controls. Frequencies of alleles and genotypes of individuals with mild withdrawal symptoms did not differ significantly from those of patients with DT or AWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Köhnke
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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32
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Freire MTMV, Hutz MH, Bau CHD. The DBH −1021 C/T polymorphism is not associated with alcoholism but possibly with patients’ exposure to life events. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2005; 112:1269-74. [PMID: 16133787 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-005-0339-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2005] [Accepted: 05/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Two DBH polymorphisms were investigated in 114 Brazilian alcoholics of European descent and 233 controls. Personality and life events were also analyzed among alcoholics. No significant differences were observed in allele or genotype frequencies between alcoholics and controls. No association was detected between the polymorphisms and personality dimensions. Carriers of the -1021 T allele presented a higher number (F = 7.49; P = 0.007) of life events. This study provides a preliminary indication that the DBH -1021 C/T polymorphism influences the exposure to life events.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T M V Freire
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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33
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Jönsson EG, Bah J, Melke J, Abou Jamra R, Schumacher J, Westberg L, Ivo R, Cichon S, Propping P, Nöthen MM, Eriksson E, Sedvall GC. Monoamine related functional gene variants and relationships to monoamine metabolite concentrations in CSF of healthy volunteers. BMC Psychiatry 2004; 4:4. [PMID: 15102340 PMCID: PMC387829 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-4-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2003] [Accepted: 03/04/2004] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concentrations of monoamine metabolites in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been used extensively as indirect estimates of monoamine turnover in the brain. CSF monoamine metabolite concentrations are partly determined by genetic influences. METHODS We investigated possible relationships between DNA polymorphisms in the serotonin 2C receptor (HTR2C), the serotonin 3A receptor (HTR3A), the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4), and the dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) genes and CSF concentrations of 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA), homovanillic acid (HVA), and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) in healthy volunteers (n = 90). RESULTS The HTR3A 178 C/T variant was associated with 5-HIAA levels (p = 0.02). The DBH-1021 heterozygote genotype was associated with 5-HIAA (p = 0.0005) and HVA (p = 0.009) concentrations. Neither the HTR2C Cys23Ser variant, nor the DRD4 -521 C/T variant were significantly associated with any of the monoamine metabolites. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that the HTR3A and DBH genes may participate in the regulation of dopamine and serotonin turnover rates in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik G Jönsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry Section, HUBIN project, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica Bah
- Department of Pharmacology, Göteborg University, Sweden
| | - Jonas Melke
- Department of Pharmacology, Göteborg University, Sweden
| | | | | | - Lars Westberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Göteborg University, Sweden
| | - Roland Ivo
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven Cichon
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Propping
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Göran C Sedvall
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry Section, HUBIN project, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Jönsson EG, Abou Jamra R, Schumacher J, Flyckt L, Edman G, Forslund K, Mattila-Evenden M, Rylander G, Asberg M, Bjerkenstedt L, Wiesel FA, Propping P, Cichon S, Nöthen MM, Sedvall GC. No association between a putative functional promoter variant in the dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene and schizophrenia. Psychiatr Genet 2003; 13:175-8. [PMID: 12960750 DOI: 10.1097/00041444-200309000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Disturbances in catecholamine transmission have been implicated in schizophrenia. Dopamine beta-hydroxylase catalyses the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine in noradrenergic cells. We attempted to investigate a putative functional promoter polymorphism in the dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene (DBH) for association with schizophrenia. METHODS Unrelated schizophrenic patients (n=155) and control subjects (n=436) were analysed with regard to the DBH -1021 C/T variant. RESULTS No significant allele or genotype differences were found. CONCLUSIONS The present results do not support a major involvement of the DBH gene in schizophrenia in the Swedish population investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik G Jönsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry Section, HUBIN project, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Abstract
Methods to unravel the genetic determinants of non-Mendelian diseases lie at the next frontier of statistical approaches for human genetics. It is generally agreed that, before proceeding with segregation or linkage analysis, the trait under study ought to be shown to exhibit familial correlation. By coding dichotomous traits as binary variables, a single robust approach in the estimation of pedigree correlations, rather than two distinct approaches, can be used to assess the potential heritability of a trait, and, latterly, to examine the mode of inheritance. The asymptotic theory to conduct hypothesis tests and confidence intervals for correlations among different members of nuclear families is well established but is applicable only if the nuclear families are independent. As a further contribution to the literature, we derive the asymptotic sampling distribution of correlations between random variables among arbitrary pairs of members in extended families for the Pearson product-moment estimator with generalized weights. This derivation is done without assuming normality of the traits. The sampling distribution is shown to be asymptotically normal to first order, and hence large-sample hypothesis tests and confidence intervals with estimates of the variances and correlation coefficients are proposed. Discussion concludes with an example and a suggestion for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Keen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, MetroHealth Medical Center, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, Ohio 44109-1998, U.S.A.
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Fu X, Rinaldo P, Hahn SH, Kodama H, Packman S. Mutation analysis of copper transporter genes in patients with ethylmalonic encephalopathy, mitochondriopathies and copper deficiency phenotypes. J Inherit Metab Dis 2003; 26:55-66. [PMID: 12872841 DOI: 10.1023/a:1024027630589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The trace metal copper is an essential cofactor for a number of biological processes, including mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, free-radical eradication, neurotransmitter synthesis and maturation, and iron metabolism. Consequently, copper transport at the cell surface and the delivery of copper to intracellular proteins are critical events in normal cellular homeostasis. Four genes have been reported to influence the cellular uptake and the delivery of copper to specific cell compartments and proteins. These include hCTR1, which regulates cellular copper uptake; HAH1, which mediates the transfer of copper to the Menkes and Wilson disease transporters; CCS, which is related to the transfer of copper to superoxide dismutase; and hCOX17, which directs trafficking of copper to mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase. At present, no genetic disorders have been associated with defects in these four copper transporter genes. In this study, we test the possibility that defective copper uptake or intracellular translocation represents the basic defect in three categories of candidate phenotypes among 22 patients: ethylmalonic encephalopathy; mitochondriopathies of unknown aetiology; and neurodevelopmental abnormalities with clinical and chemical evidence of copper deficiency. Mutation analyses of the copper uptake protein, hCTR1, and the three copper chaperones were performed by direct sequencing of the whole coding regions. No causative mutations were identified for the four copper transporter genes in 22 patients. A heterozygous polymorphism (847G>A) for CCS was detected in 7 patients. For the distinct disease entity ethylmalonic encephalopathy, we additionally show normal mRNA levels for each of the four genes. The negative results notwithstanding, we encourage ongoing study of additional patients with candidate phenotypes. Further, our results are consistent with the notion that other unknown copper-related transporters could be involved in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Fu
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, California 94143-0748, USA
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Abstract
Migraine is a common complex disorder that affects a large portion of the population and thus incurs a substantial economic burden on society. The disorder is characterized by recurrent headaches that are unilateral and usually accompanied by nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and phonophobia. The range of clinical characteristics is broad and there is evidence of comorbidity with other neurological diseases, complicating both the diagnosis and management of the disorder. Although the class of drugs known as the triptans (serotonin 5-HT(1B/1D) agonists) has been shown to be effective in treating a significant number of patients with migraine, treatment may in the future be further enhanced by identifying drugs that selectively target molecular mechanisms causing susceptibility to the disease.Genetically, migraine is a complex familial disorder in which the severity and susceptibility of individuals is most likely governed by several genes that may be different among families. Identification of the genomic variants involved in genetic predisposition to migraine should facilitate the development of more effective diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Genetic profiling, combined with our knowledge of therapeutic response to drugs, should enable the development of specific, individually-tailored treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Rogers
- Genomics Research Centre, Griffith University Gold Coast, Gold Coast Mail Centre, Southport, Queensland 9726, Australia
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38
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Köhnke MD, Zabetian CP, Anderson GM, Kolb W, Gaertner I, Buchkremer G, Vonthein R, Schick S, Lutz U, Köhnke AM, Cubells JF. A genotype-controlled analysis of plasma dopamine beta-hydroxylase in healthy and alcoholic subjects: evidence for alcohol-related differences in noradrenergic function. Biol Psychiatry 2002; 52:1151-8. [PMID: 12488060 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01427-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Norepinephrine and dopamine mediate important aspects of alcoholism and alcohol withdrawal. Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DbetaH) converts dopamine to norepinephrine. A recent study demonstrated a strong association between variance in plasma DbetaH activity and a novel polymorphism (DBH-1021C-->T) at the structural locus (DBH) encoding DbetaH protein. METHODS Our study investigated whether the DBH-1021C-->T polymorphism and plasma DbetaH activity were associated with alcoholism or with delirium tremens (DT) during alcohol withdrawal by analyzing 207 German alcoholic and 102 healthy control subjects. We also examined the influence of the polymorphism on enzyme activity. RESULTS Mean (+SD) plasma DbetaH activity measured in alcoholic subjects abstinent was significantly lower than that observed in control (27.7 + 16.7 vs. 35.6 + 18.8; p =.01). It did not differ between subjects with DT during withdrawal and subjects with mild withdrawal symptoms. The T allele of the DBH-1021C-->T polymorphism was significantly associated with lower plasma DbetaH activity. None of the alleles or genotypes were associated with alcoholism or DT. CONCLUSIONS The data indicate that the alcoholism-related reduction in plasma DbetaH activity is independent of genotype at DBH-1021C-->T and replicate the finding that DBH-1021C-->T is strongly associated with plasma DbetaH activity in a native Western European population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Köhnke
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
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Cubells JF, Price LH, Meyers BS, Anderson GM, Zabetian CP, Alexopoulos GS, Nelson JC, Sanacora G, Kirwin P, Carpenter L, Malison RT, Gelernter J. Genotype-controlled analysis of plasma dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity in psychotic unipolar major depression. Biol Psychiatry 2002; 51:358-64. [PMID: 11904129 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01349-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma activity of dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DbetaH), the enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinephrine, is reportedly lower in patients with unipolar major depression with psychotic features (UDPF) than in those with nonpsychotic unipolar major depression (UD). Plasma DbetaH is under genetic control by the structural locus encoding DbetaH protein, DBH. This study tested the hypothesis that diagnosis-specific allelic variation at DBH accounts for lower plasma DbetaH in UDPF. METHODS Plasma DbetaH activity was measured in samples from patients with UDPF (n = 33) and UD (n = 45). Genotypes were determined at several functional DBH polymorphisms, including C-1021T, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the proximal 5' region that associates with variation in plasma DbetaH activity. RESULTS Mean plasma DbetaH activity was significantly lower in UDPF than in UD. Genotyping at DBH did not reveal genetic associations distinguishing UDPF from UD. A two-way analysis of variance showed significant effects of genotype and diagnostic group but no significant interaction. CONCLUSIONS Although the effects of the diagnosis of UDPF, and of DBH allele status, on plasma DbetaH activity were replicated, the lower plasma DbetaH in patients with UDPF was not accounted for by DBH genotype. Several explanations for this result are possible. First, other variants at DBH, or at other loci, could account for the findings. Second, nongenetic factors could account for the differences in plasma DbetaH. In this regard, we hypothesize that abnormal regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function in UDPF lowers expression of DbetaH protein, which could in turn alter the ratio of dopamine and norepinephrine in noradrenergic neurons, thereby promoting development of psychotic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F Cubells
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA
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Wood JG, Joyce PR, Miller AL, Mulder RT, Kennedy MA. A polymorphism in the dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene is associated with "paranoid ideation" in patients with major depression. Biol Psychiatry 2002; 51:365-9. [PMID: 11904130 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01367-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased dopaminergic activity may play a primary role in psychotic depression. Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DbetaH) catalyses the key step in biosynthesis of the neurotransmitter noradrenaline from dopamine, and low DbetaH activity is a possible risk factor for developing psychotic depression. An exon 2 polymorphism (DBH*444 g/a) of the DbetaH gene (DBH) is significantly associated with both serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels of DbetaH. METHODS We determined the genotype of the DBH*444g/a polymorphism in a cohort of 164 patients with major depression and examined the association of this polymorphism with paranoid ideation, interpersonal sensitivity, and psychoticism on the Hopkins Symptom Checklist. RESULTS Patients who possessed the A allele were significantly more likely to have higher scores for interpersonal sensitivity and paranoia than patients without the A allele (p =.004 and p =.048, respectively), suggesting that this allele may predispose patients to paranoia in major depression. In addition, we found an association between prolactin levels in men and DBH*444 g/a genotype such that homozygous G individuals displayed significantly higher levels than homozygous A or heterozygote individuals. CONCLUSIONS Depressed patients with the GG genotype of DbetaH have lower scores for interpersonal sensitivity and paranoid ideation. The GG genotype may be protective against the development of psychosis in the presence of a major depressive episode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan G Wood
- Department of Pathology, Christchurch School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Christchurch, New Zealand
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41
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Young JB, Landsberg L. Synthesis, Storage, and Secretion of Adrenal Medullary Hormones: Physiology and Pathophysiology. Compr Physiol 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.cp070401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Robinson PD, Schutz CK, Macciardi F, White BN, Holden JJ. Genetically determined low maternal serum dopamine beta-hydroxylase levels and the etiology of autism spectrum disorders. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2001; 100:30-6. [PMID: 11337745 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Autism, a neurodevelopmental disability characterized by repetitive stereopathies and deficits in reciprocal social interaction and communication, has a strong genetic basis. Since previous findings showed that some families with autistic children have a low level of serum dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DbetaH), which catalyzes the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine, we examined the DBH gene as a candidate locus in families with two or more children with autism spectrum disorder using the affected sib-pair method. DBH alleles are defined by a polymorphic AC repeat and the presence/absence (DBH+/DBH-) of a 19-bp sequence 118 bp downstream in the 5' flanking region of the gene. There was no increased concordance for DBH alleles in affected siblings, but the mothers had a higher frequency of alleles containing the 19-bp deletion (DBH-), compared to an ethnically similar Canadian comparison group (chi(2) = 4.20, df = 1, P = 0.02 for all multiplex mothers; chi(2) = 4.71, df = 1, P < 0.02 for mothers with only affected sons). Although the odds ratios suggested only a moderate relevance for the DBH- allele as a risk allele, the attributable risk was high (42%), indicating that this allele is an important factor in determining the risk for having a child with autism. DBH genotypes also differed significantly among mothers and controls, with 37% of mothers with two affected sons having two DBH- alleles, compared to 19% of controls (chi(2) = 5.81, df = 2, P = 0.03). DbetaH enzyme activity was lower in mothers of autistic children than in controls (mean was 23.20 +/- 15.35 iU/liter for mothers vs. 33.14 +/- 21.39 iU/liter for controls; t = - 1.749, df = 46, P = 0.044). The DBH- allele was associated with lower mean serum DbetaH enzyme activity (nondeletion homozygotes: 41.02 +/- 24.34 iU/liter; heterozygotes: 32.07 +/- 18.10 iU/liter; and deletion homozygotes: 22.31 +/- 13.48 iU/liter; F = 5.217, df = 2, P = 0.007) in a pooled sample of mothers and controls. Taken together, these findings suggest that lowered maternal serum DbetaH activity results in a suboptimal uterine environment (decreased norepinephrine relative to dopamine), which, in conjunction with genotypic susceptibility of the fetus, results in autism spectrum disorder in some families.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Robinson
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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43
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Zabetian CP, Anderson GM, Buxbaum SG, Elston RC, Ichinose H, Nagatsu T, Kim KS, Kim CH, Malison RT, Gelernter J, Cubells JF. A quantitative-trait analysis of human plasma-dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity: evidence for a major functional polymorphism at the DBH locus. Am J Hum Genet 2001; 68:515-22. [PMID: 11170900 PMCID: PMC1235285 DOI: 10.1086/318198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2000] [Accepted: 12/07/2000] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (D beta H) catalyzes the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine and is released from sympathetic neurons into the circulation. Plasma-D beta H activity varies widely between individuals, and a subgroup of the population has very low activity levels. Mounting evidence suggests that the DBH structural gene is itself the major quantitative-trait locus (QTL) for plasma-D beta H activity, and a single unidentified polymorphism may account for a majority of the variation in activity levels. Through use of both sequencing-based mutational analysis of extreme phenotypes and genotype/phenotype correlations in samples from African American, European American (EA), and Japanese populations, we have identified a novel polymorphism (--1021C-->T), in the 5' flanking region of the DBH gene, that accounts for 35%--52% of the variation in plasma-D beta H activity in these populations. In EAs, homozygosity at the T allele predicted the very low D beta H-activity trait, and activity values in heterozygotes formed an intermediate distribution, indicating codominant inheritance. Our findings demonstrate that --1021C-->T is a major genetic marker for plasma-D beta H activity and provide new tools for investigation of the role of both D beta H and the DBH gene in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus P. Zabetian
- Department of Psychiatry and Child Study Center, Yale University, and Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven; Department of Psychiatry, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland; Institute for Comprehensive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan; and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA
| | - George M. Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry and Child Study Center, Yale University, and Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven; Department of Psychiatry, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland; Institute for Comprehensive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan; and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA
| | - Sarah G. Buxbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Child Study Center, Yale University, and Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven; Department of Psychiatry, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland; Institute for Comprehensive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan; and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA
| | - Robert C. Elston
- Department of Psychiatry and Child Study Center, Yale University, and Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven; Department of Psychiatry, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland; Institute for Comprehensive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan; and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA
| | - Hiroshi Ichinose
- Department of Psychiatry and Child Study Center, Yale University, and Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven; Department of Psychiatry, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland; Institute for Comprehensive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan; and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA
| | - Toshiharu Nagatsu
- Department of Psychiatry and Child Study Center, Yale University, and Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven; Department of Psychiatry, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland; Institute for Comprehensive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan; and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA
| | - Kwang-Soo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Child Study Center, Yale University, and Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven; Department of Psychiatry, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland; Institute for Comprehensive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan; and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA
| | - Chun-Hyung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Child Study Center, Yale University, and Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven; Department of Psychiatry, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland; Institute for Comprehensive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan; and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA
| | - Robert T. Malison
- Department of Psychiatry and Child Study Center, Yale University, and Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven; Department of Psychiatry, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland; Institute for Comprehensive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan; and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry and Child Study Center, Yale University, and Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven; Department of Psychiatry, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland; Institute for Comprehensive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan; and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA
| | - Joseph F. Cubells
- Department of Psychiatry and Child Study Center, Yale University, and Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven; Department of Psychiatry, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland; Institute for Comprehensive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan; and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA
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44
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Kunugi H. Candidate Gene Approaches to Schizophrenia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH 2000. [DOI: 10.1080/00207411.2000.11449496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Arrufat FJ, Diaz R, Queralt R, Navarro V, Marcos T, Massana G, Massana J, Ballesta F, Oliva R. Analysis of the polymorphic (GT)(n) repeat at the dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene in Spanish patients affected by schizophrenia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2000; 96:88-92. [PMID: 10686559 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(20000207)96:1<88::aid-ajmg18>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The presence of a polymorphic (GT)(n) repeat, a microsatellite repeat, at the human dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) gene had been previously investigated in healthy people and in schizophrenic patients. The different DBH genotypes had been found to be associated to different DBH biochemical function, but no differences were found in the allelic and genotype frequencies between schizophrenic and control groups. To further clarify the potential involvement of the variation at the DBH gene in schizophrenia we have studied the DBH (GT)(n) repeat in a sample of 47 Spanish schizophrenic patients, in their healthy relatives (n = 72), and in a control population (n = 74). We have been able to identify five different variants of the DBH gene (A1, A2, A3, A4, A5) in the different groups. Subsequent statistical analysis revealed that the genotypes as well as the allele frequencies did not differ significantly among schizophrenic patients and the control population. Interestingly, the allelic variant A2 and the genotype A4/A2 were significantly more frequent in schizophrenic patients as compared with their healthy relatives. However, the association of the A2 allele with schizophrenia was not supported by the haplotype relative risk analysis of transmitted versus nontransmitted alleles. Therefore, although it will be important to extend the present analysis in a larger sample of schizophrenic patients and controls, our results suggest that the (GT)(n) does not seem to play a major role in the genetics of schizophrenia at least in this group of Spanish schizophrenic patients. Am. J. Med. Genet. (Neuropsychiatr. Genet.) 96:88-92, 2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Arrufat
- Centro de Salud Mental, Hospital de Sabadell, Corporación Sanitaria Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
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46
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Cubells JF, Kranzler HR, McCance-Katz E, Anderson GM, Malison RT, Price LH, Gelernter J. A haplotype at the DBH locus, associated with low plasma dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity, also associates with cocaine-induced paranoia. Mol Psychiatry 2000; 5:56-63. [PMID: 10673769 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4000657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Low levels of dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DbetaH) protein in the plasma or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are associated with greater vulnerability to positive psychotic symptoms in several psychiatric disorders. DbetaH level is a stable, genetically controlled trait. DBH, the locus encoding DbetaH protein, is the major quantitative trait locus controlling plasma and CSF DbetaH levels. We therefore hypothesized that DBH variants or haplotypes, associated with low levels of DbetaH in the plasma, would also associate with greater vulnerability to cocaine-induced paranoia. To test this hypothesis, we first showed that a di-allelic variant, DBH*5'-ins/del, located approximately 3 kb 5' to the DBH transcriptional start site, significantly associates with plasma DbetaH activity in European-Americans (n = 66). Linkage disequilibrium analysis of that polymorphism and DBH*444g/a, another di-allelic variant associated with DbetaH levels, demonstrated that alleles of similar association to DbetaH levels are in positive disequilibrium. We then estimated DBH haplotype frequencies in cocaine-dependent European Americans rated for cocaine-induced paranoia (n = 45). As predicted, the low-DbetaH-associated haplotype, Del-a, was significantly more frequent (P = 0.0003) in subjects endorsing cocaine-induced paranoia (n = 29) than in those denying it (n = 16). Comparison to control haplotype frequencies (n = 145 healthy European-Americans) showed that the association predominantly reflected under-representation of Del-a haplotypes in those denying cocaine-induced paranoia. We conclude that: (a) the two DBH polymorphisms we studied are associated with plasma DBH levels; (b) those two polymorphisms are in significant linkage disequilibrium in European Americans, with alleles of similar association to DbetaH levels in positive disequilibrium; and (c) the haplotype associated with low DBH activity is also associated with cocaine-induced paranoia. Molecular Psychiatry (2000) 5, 56-63.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Cubells
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06516, USA.
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- D Robertson
- Clinical Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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48
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Cubells JF, Kobayashi K, Nagatsu T, Kidd KK, Kidd JR, Calafell F, Kranzler HR, Ichinose H, Gelernter J. Population genetics of a functional variant of the dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene (DBH). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1997; 74:374-9. [PMID: 9259372 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19970725)74:4<374::aid-ajmg7>3.0.co;2-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (E.C. 1.14.17.1; protein abbreviation: DbetaH) catalyzes conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine. Previous work identified two expressed alleles of the gene encoding DbetaH (locus symbol DBH), containing either G or T at nucleotide position 910, resulting in specification by codon 304 of alanine (DBH*304A) or serine (DBH*304S), respectively. The current study employed denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to identify these alleles, and after developing a PCR RFLP for rapid genotyping, estimated the frequencies of the alleles in African-Americans, European-Americans, and in several geographically dispersed populations (Mbuti, Danes, Adygei, Chinese, Japanese, Surui, Maya, and Nasioi). DBH*304A was the most common allele in all populations tested, with allele frequencies greater than 0.80 in each case. There was significant heterogeneity in allele frequency across population groups. The DBH*304S allele was most common in subjects of African descent, and least common in East Asians and individuals from indigenous populations of North and South America. The frequency of DBH*304S was significantly higher in African-Americans (0.16) than in European-Americans (0.06; P < 0.004). Of the four DBH*304S homozygotes observed, all were Europeans and three of the four were Danes. Based on empirical P-values generated by computer simulation, the observed proportions of DBH*304S homozygotes did not differ significantly from Hardy-Weinberg expectations in any of the populations after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. The observation of significant heterogeneity in DBH*304S allele frequency across different population samples demonstrates the importance of controlling for population stratification in future studies testing for associations between DBH*304S and clinical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Cubells
- Department of Psychiatry, VA Connecticut Health Care System, West Haven 06516, USA
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Hérault J, Petit E, Martineau J, Perrot A, Lenoir P, Cherpi C, Barthélémy C, Sauvage D, Mallet J, Müh JP. Autism and genetics: clinical approach and association study with two markers of HRAS gene. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1995; 60:276-81. [PMID: 7485261 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320600404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Twin studies and familial aggregation studies indicate that genetic factors could play a role in infantile autism. In an earlier study, we identified a possible positive association between autism and a c-Harvey-ras (HRAS) oncogene marker at the 3' end of the coding region. In an attempt to confirm this finding, we studied a larger population, well-characterized clinically and genetically. We report a positive association between autism and two HRAS markers, the 3' marker used in the initial study and an additional marker in exon 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hérault
- INSERM U316, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale, Tours, France
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Martineau J, Hérault J, Petit E, Guérin P, Hameury L, Perrot A, Mallet J, Sauvage D, Lelord G, Müh JP. Catecholaminergic metabolism and autism. Dev Med Child Neurol 1994; 36:688-97. [PMID: 7914177 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1994.tb11911.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The authors determined levels of dopamine (DA) and its derivatives homovanillic acid (HVA), 3-4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), 3 methoxytyramine and norepinephrine + epinephrine (NE + E) in the urine, and DA, E and NE in the whole blood of 50 autistic children aged between 1 year 11 months and 16 years. An association was tested for between markers coding for the enzymes and D3 dopaminergic receptor genes implicated in the monoaminergic pathway and autism, using restriction fragment-length polymorphism. There were significant modifications of catecholamine metabolites, but no difference for allele frequencies of the genes coding for tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine beta hydroxylase and DRD3 in this population compared with a healthy school population matched for chronological age. However, some of the data encourage a more complete study of chromosome 11.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Martineau
- INSERUM U316, Département de Neurophysiologie et de Psychopathologie du développement, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France
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