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Al Kaissi A, Chehida FB, Ganger R, Kenis V, Zandieh S, Hofstaetter JG, Klaushofer K, Grill F. Radiographic and tomographic analysis in patients with stickler syndrome type I. Int J Med Sci 2013; 10:1250-8. [PMID: 23935403 PMCID: PMC3739025 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.4997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To further investigate the underlying pathology of axial and appendicular skeletal abnormalities such as painful spine stiffness, gait abnormalities, early onset osteoarthritis and patellar instability in patients with Stickler syndrome type I. Radiographic and tomographic analyses were organized. METHODS From a series of Stickler syndrome patients followed from early life to late childhood. Ten patients (6 boys and four girls of different ethnic origins were consistent with the diagnosis of Stickler syndrome type I ). Phenotypic characterization was the baseline tool applied for all patients and genotypic correlation was performed on four families RESULTS A constellation of axial abnormalities namely; anterolateral ossification of the anterior longitudinal spinal ligament with subsequent fusion of two cervical vertebrae, early onset Forestier disease (progressive spinal hyperostosis with subsequent vertebral fusion on top of bridging osteophytes and "Bamboo-like spine" resembling ankylosing spondylitis) and severe premature spine degeneration were evident. Appendicular abnormalities in connection with generalized epiphyseal dysplasia were the underlying aetiology in patients with Intoeing gait and femoral anteversion, early onset severe osteoarthritis of the weight bearing joint. Remarkable trochleo-patellar dysplasia secondary to severe osteoarthritis causing effectively the development of patellar instability was additional pathology. Mutation of COL2A1 has been confirmed as the causative gene for Stickler syndrome type I CONCLUSION: We concluded that conventional radiographs and the molecular determination of a COL2A1 in patients with (Stickler syndrome type I) are insufficient tools to explain the reasons behind the tremendous magnitude of axial and appendicular skeletal abnormalities. We were able to modify the criteria of the clinical phenotype as designated by Rose et al in accordance with the novel axial and appendicular criteria as emerged from within our current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Al Kaissi
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology, at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and, AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, First Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
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Al Kaissi A, Roschger P, Nawrot-Wawrzyniak K, Krebs A, Grill F, Klaushofer K. Evidence of reduced bone turnover and disturbed mineralization process in a boy with Stickler syndrome. Calcif Tissue Int 2010; 86:126-31. [PMID: 20012270 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-009-9324-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We describe a tall-statured 14-year-old boy who illustrated the full phenotypic and radiographic features of Stickler syndrome type I. A bone biopsy showed evidence of reduced bone mass and bone turnover, such as reduced BV/TV (-43%), TbTh (-29%), and OS/BS (-48%), Ob.S/BS (-27%), and Oc/BS (-47%) compared to "age-matched" controls. Moreover, there was evidence that the mineralization process was severely disturbed. Quantitative backscattered electron imaging revealed that the bone mineralization density distribution (BMDD) of cancellous (Cn) as well as cortical (Ct) bone was shifted toward lower mineralization compared to a young control reference cohort. BMDD parameters of mean degree of mineralization, Cn Ca (-9.8%) and Ct Ca (-18.0%), were dramatically decreased. To the best of our knowledge this is the first clinical report describing bone biopsy findings in a boy with Stickler syndrome. Such a severe undermineralization of bone matrix might essentially contribute to the compromised mechanical competence of the skeleton found in this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Al Kaissi
- Ludwig-Boltzmann Institute of Osteology, Hanusch Hospital of WGKK, 4th Medical Department, Vienna, Austria.
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Sodhi A, Leung LS, Do DV, Gower EW, Schein OD, Handa JT. Recent trends in the management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Surv Ophthalmol 2008; 53:50-67. [PMID: 18191657 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2007.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
It has been nearly a century since Jules Gonin performed the first intervention for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, trans-scleral cautery, achieving successful outcomes in close to 50% of his cases. With the introduction of alternative surgical approaches in the last half-century, including Charles Schepens' scleral buckle technique and Robert Machemer's pars plana vitrectomy, the surgical success rates have risen to close to 90%. Nonetheless, despite dramatic progress in the success of reattachment surgeries, reasonable disagreement exists as to which approach (or combination of approaches) is the best form of surgical intervention for patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. In this review, the authors summarize the current knowledge of retinal detachment, and examine emerging results from the first large scale, prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trials addressing the efficacy of these surgical approaches for retinal detachment, with the hope of identifying the most appropriate (evidence-based) therapeutic intervention for the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akrit Sodhi
- Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Hakim AJ, Sahota A. Joint hypermobility and skin elasticity: the hereditary disorders of connective tissue. Clin Dermatol 2006; 24:521-33. [PMID: 17113970 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2006.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The hereditary disorders of connective tissues (HDCTs) encompass a spectrum of conditions linked pathophysiologically by abnormalities of collagen, fibrillin, and matrix proteins. The clinical picture ranges from morbidity because of musculoskeletal, skin, ocular and visceral pathologies to mortality from acute vascular collapse. For many of the conditions, there is a considerable overlap in clinical features, although severity varies; appreciating the subtle differences in presentation is vital to the clinician in determining the diagnosis. Though conditions associated with severe vascular pathology are rare, other hereditary disorders of connective tissues such as the joint hypermobility syndrome and Stickler's disease are common and probably underrecognized. Abnormal skin elasticity and scaring, joint hypermobility, and chronic arthralgia are important clues that should trigger the clinician to search for underlying hereditary disorders of connective tissues. In this article, we discuss the spectrum of clinical findings, management, and genetic screening of the more common hereditary disorders of connective tissues, highlighting their diagnostic criteria and their differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Hakim
- Department of Rheumatology, Whipps Cross University Hospital, Leytonstone, London, UK.
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Habil I, Cohen E, Karshai I, BenEzra D, Behar-Cohen F. Spontaneous involution of autologous lenses and phacoanaphylaxis reaction in Stickler syndrome. Br J Ophthalmol 2005; 89:1532-3. [PMID: 16234470 PMCID: PMC1772930 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2005.076935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Rose PS, Levy HP, Liberfarb RM, Davis J, Szymko-Bennett Y, Rubin BI, Tsilou E, Griffith AJ, Francomano CA. Stickler syndrome: Clinical characteristics and diagnostic criteria. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 138A:199-207. [PMID: 16152640 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to establish diagnostic criteria for Stickler syndrome. Ninety patients from 38 families had complete evaluations for possible Stickler syndrome. Molecular confirmation of COL2A1 mutation status (type I Stickler syndrome) was available on 25 patients from six families. In the remaining 65 patients, 47 from 25 families were affected with Stickler syndrome and 18 from seven families were unaffected with Stickler syndrome. A diagnostic nosology based on type I Stickler patients with known COL2A1 mutations was applied to clinically affected and unaffected patients. A diagnostic scale of 9 points evaluated molecular data or family history data and characteristic ocular, orofacial, auditory, and musculoskeletal findings. A score of > or =5 was diagnostic of Stickler syndrome. These criteria demonstrate 100% sensitivity when applied to type I Stickler syndrome patients with known COL2A1 mutations, 98% sensitivity when applied to clinically affected Stickler patients, and 86% specificity when applied to patients unaffected based on clinical and/or molecular analysis. We conclude that diagnostic criteria based on type I Stickler patients with molecularly confirmed COL2A1 mutations appear to be sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of this syndrome and should be helpful to clinicians when making the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Rose
- Warren Magnuson Grant Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A review of current knowledge, clinical publications, and recent concepts of the causes of Stickler's syndrome was correlated with a clinical review of the condition at the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Canada. OBJECTIVES To acquaint orthopedic spine surgeons with the natural history, associated anomalies, and high incidence of spinal deformity and scoliosis in children with Stickler's syndrome. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Stickler's syndrome is a hereditary, progressive arthro-ophthalmopathy with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. The estimated incidence is 1 in 10,000 people, which is slightly more common than Marfan syndrome. METHODS The experience with Stickler's syndrome was reviewed in seven children, 2-15 years of age, with particular attention to the spinal abnormalities secondary to the connective tissue dysplasia. RESULTS Six of the children had kyphosis or scoliosis, and four had wedging or flattening of the vertebrae or platyspondylia. In general, the spinal changes became more prominent in the older children with Stickler's syndrome, with the spinal vertebrae affected by the generalized epiphyseal dysplasia. The treatment of scoliosis and kyphosis is no different in children with Stickler's syndrome. The most difficult aspect is in diagnosing the condition. CONCLUSIONS The importance of recognizing the syndrome is to allow for the investigation and treatment of the many other associated connective tissue disorders associated with Stickler's syndrome, such as the high incidence of retinal detachment, mitral valve prolapse, and mandibular hypoplasia that may result in problems with anesthesia should the spine require surgical stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Letts
- Division of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Canada
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Shanske AL, Bogdanow A, Shprintzen RJ, Marion RW. The Marshall syndrome: report of a new family and review of the literature. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1997; 70:52-7. [PMID: 9129742 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19970502)70:1<52::aid-ajmg11>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The Marshall syndrome is an autosomal dominant trait comprising ocular abnormalities, sensorineural hearing loss, craniofacial anomalies, and anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. To our knowledge, only seven additional multigenerational families have been reported since the initial description of the disorder by Marshall in 1958. We present a family in which six members in four generations are affected with apparent Marshall syndrome. We also review and compare similar disorders, such as Stickler, Weissenbacher-Zweimüller, and Wagner syndromes, and conclude that Marshall syndrome is a distinct entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Shanske
- Department of Pediatrics, Montefiore Medical Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Farnum CE, Jones K, Riis R, Wilsman NJ. Ocular-chondrodysplasia in labrador retriever dogs: a morphometric and electron microscopical analysis. Calcif Tissue Int 1992; 50:564-72. [PMID: 1525714 DOI: 10.1007/bf00582173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ocular-chondrodysplasia in Labrador Retriever dogs is characterized by short-limbed dwarfism and ocular abnormalities. The purposes of the present study were to develop morphological criteria to define the matrix and/or chondrocytic abnormalities associated with this chondrodysplasia, and to test the hypothesis that ineffective matrix-directed cellular swelling was associated with the decreased longitudinal bone growth in these animals. The proximal and distal radial growth plates were collected from four affected animals of the same litter. Stereological techniques were used to analyze both cellular shapes and cellular volume changes in the hypertrophic zone. The pathological changes seen in these growth plates varied between animals and included disorganization of cellular columns with abnormal extent of calcification. Chondrocytes of all zones contained two types of abnormal cellular inclusions classified as light and dark, based on the intensity of eosinophilic staining. Both types of inclusions contained material that resembled the surrounding extracellular matrix, varying only in the apparent hydration of the contents. It could be demonstrated that light inclusions were located in the peripheral cytoplasm and connected to the extracellular matrix through narrow channels. By contrast, dark inclusions were membrane bound and perinuclear. Chondrocytes with multiple, large inclusions appeared to be undergoing degenerative changes. Although the final volume achieved by hypertrophic chondrocytes was consistent with that of normal growth plates, there was a high level of variability of chondrocytic shape and evidence of premature cellular condensation in the maturation zone. The severity of the dwarfism correlated both with the extent of chondrocytic changes and the severity of the ocular lesions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Farnum
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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Beighton P, De Paepe A, Hall JG, Hollister DW, Pope FM, Pyeritz RE, Steinmann B, Tsipouras P. Molecular nosology of heritable disorders of connective tissue. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1992; 42:431-48. [PMID: 1609825 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320420406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Beighton
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical School, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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Abstract
We report on a mother and daughter with Marshall syndrome, with the Robin sequence present in the daughter. Results of our efforts to link this syndrome to a defect in type II collagen are reported. We compare and contrast Marshall syndrome with the Stickler syndrome, and propose that enough phenotypic overlap exists to suggest that they are probably allelic expressions of the same locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Stratton
- Department of Pediatrics, Wilford Hall United States Air Force Medical Center, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas
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Bruggeman LA, Xie HX, Brown KS, Yamada Y. Developmental regulation for collagen II gene expression in transgenic mice. TERATOLOGY 1991; 44:203-8. [PMID: 1925979 DOI: 10.1002/tera.1420440208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the involvement of the type II collagen regulatory sequences in development, we have injected a construct containing a toxin gene under the control of the rat type II collagen promoter and enhancer. The construct, pDAS10-DTA, contained the diphtheria toxin A chain gene under the control of type II collagen sequences which had been used previously to target cartilagenous tissues in transgenics. Inspection of developing fetuses at various stages of gestation revealed a high number of aborted implants as well as abnormally developing fetuses. These abnormal fetuses were of small size, had shortened and underdeveloped limbs, cleft palates, and generally resembled a phenotype similar to chondrodystrophic mice. Histological comparisons of normal and abnormal fetuses indicated a reduced amount of extracellular matrix surrounding chondrocytes, and a disorganized appearance of the tissue. These results suggest that the expression of the toxin has occurred in chondrocytes and altered the survival and development of the transgenic mice. These results also indicate that the promoter and enhancer sequences contained in the transgene controlled the developmental expression of the type II collagen gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Bruggeman
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental Research, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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Spranger J. Classification of skeletal dysplasias. ACTA PAEDIATRICA SCANDINAVICA. SUPPLEMENT 1991; 377:138-42. [PMID: 1785308 DOI: 10.1111/apa.1991.80.s377.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Spranger
- Children's Hospital, University of Mainz, Germany
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Yamada Y, Miyashita T, Savagner P, Horton W, Brown KS, Abramczuk J, Xie HX, Kohno K, Bolander M, Bruggeman L. Regulation of the collagen II gene in vitro and in transgenic mice. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1990; 580:81-7. [PMID: 2337307 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb17920.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Yamada
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental Research, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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