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Ferreira FS, Junior OVR, Dos Santos TM, Silveira JS, Deniz BF, Alves VS, Coutinho-Silva R, Savio LEB, Wyse ATS. Effect of Quinolinic Acid on Behavior, Morphology, and Expression of Inflammatory/oxidative Status in Rats' Striatum: Is Coenzyme Q 10 a Good Protector? Neurotox Res 2023; 41:559-570. [PMID: 37515718 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-023-00656-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Quinolinic acid (QUIN) is a toxic compound with pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory, and pro-apoptotic actions found at high levels in the central nervous system (CNS) in several pathological conditions. Due to the toxicity of QUIN, it is important to evaluate strategies to protect against the damage caused by this metabolite in the brain. In this context, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a provitamin present in the mitochondria with a protective role in cells through several mechanisms of action. Based on these, the present study was aimed at evaluating the possible neuroprotective role of CoQ10 against damage caused by QUIN in the striatum of young Wistar rats. Twenty-one-day-old rats underwent a 10-day pretreatment with CoQ10 or saline (control) intraperitoneal injections and on the 30th day of life received QUIN intrastriatal or saline (control) administration. The animals were submitted to behavior tests or euthanized, and the striatum was dissected to neurochemical studies. Results showed that CoQ10 was able to prevent behavioral changes (the open field, object recognition, and pole test tasks) and neurochemical parameters (alteration in the gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6, SOD, and GPx, as well as in the immunocontent of cytoplasmic Nrf2 and nuclear p-Nf-κβ) caused by QUIN. These findings demonstrate the promising therapeutic effects of CoQ10 against QUIN toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Silva Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Osmar Vieira Ramires Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Marcon Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Josiane Silva Silveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Ferrary Deniz
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Santos Alves
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Baggio Savio
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Eleazu CO, Obeten UN, Ozor G, Njemanze CC, Eleazu KC, Egedigwe-Ekeleme AC, Okorie UC, Ogunwa SC, Adeolu AI, Okoh PFN, Kalu AO, Onyia CJ, Onyia S, Ossai P, Chikezie CC, Odii BC, Obi V, Igwe VM, Amobi CA, Ugada OJ, Kalu WO, Kanu S. Tert-butylhydroquinone abrogates fructose-induced insulin resistance in rats via mitigation of oxidant stress, NFkB-mediated inflammation in the liver but not the skeletal muscle of high fructose drinking rats. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14473. [PMID: 36251589 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The effect of 21% fructose drinking water (FDW) (w/v) on some parameters of metabolic syndrome, hepatic, and skeletal muscular histology of rats was studied using standard techniques. Twenty male albino rats were divided into four groups of 5 rats each in this in vivo study. Group I received distilled water, group 2 received FDW, group 3 received FDW and metformin (300 mg/kg body weight daily, orally), group 4 received FDW and 1% tert-butylhydroquinone feed. FDW changed the serum leptin, triacylglycerol, very low-density lipoprotein, and C-reactive protein levels of the rats, inducing hypertriglyceridemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation in their liver (but not the skeletal muscle) and insulin resistance which were modulated with metformin and tBHQ as corroborated by liver and muscle histology. The study reveals the potentials of metformin and tBHQ in mitigating hepatic and skeletal muscular morphological changes arising from exposure to high fructose drinks. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: There has been an increase in the global consumption of fructose (either as a sweetner in beverages or soft and carbonated drinks) in the last few decades and this has been positively correlated with the global increase in metabolic complications. Regular intake of fructose contributes to the pathogenesis of lipid disorders, oxidant stress, and chronic inflammation, which are linked with the metabolic syndrome components (MetS) (obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular diseases) as well as increased morbidity and mortality. Given that the approaches that have been applied to treat the MetS have not been able to totally arrest it, currenty study which showed that tBHQ abrogated fructose-induced insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hepatic, and skeletal muscular pathology in the rats places tBHQ in the spotlight as a nutraceutical that could be of relevance in mitigating high dietary fructose-induced hepatic and skeletal muscular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinedum O Eleazu
- Department of Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal Univerity, Nudfu-Alike, Nigeria
| | - Uket N Obeten
- Department of Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal Univerity, Nudfu-Alike, Nigeria
| | - Gerald Ozor
- Department of Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal Univerity, Nudfu-Alike, Nigeria
| | - Canice C Njemanze
- Department of Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal Univerity, Nudfu-Alike, Nigeria
| | - Kate C Eleazu
- Department of Biochemistry, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | | | - Uchechukwu C Okorie
- Department of Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal Univerity, Nudfu-Alike, Nigeria
| | - Shedrack C Ogunwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal Univerity, Nudfu-Alike, Nigeria
| | - Adewale I Adeolu
- Department of Agriculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal Univerity, Nudfu-Alike, Nigeria
| | - Petra-Favour N Okoh
- Department of Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal Univerity, Nudfu-Alike, Nigeria
| | - Abigail O Kalu
- Department of Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal Univerity, Nudfu-Alike, Nigeria
| | | | - Scholastica Onyia
- Department of Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal Univerity, Nudfu-Alike, Nigeria
| | - Precious Ossai
- Department of Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal Univerity, Nudfu-Alike, Nigeria
| | - Chioma C Chikezie
- Department of Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal Univerity, Nudfu-Alike, Nigeria
| | - Bright C Odii
- Department of Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal Univerity, Nudfu-Alike, Nigeria
| | - Valentine Obi
- Department of Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal Univerity, Nudfu-Alike, Nigeria
| | - Valeria M Igwe
- Department of Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal Univerity, Nudfu-Alike, Nigeria
| | - Chidiebere A Amobi
- Department of Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal Univerity, Nudfu-Alike, Nigeria
| | - Ogechukwu J Ugada
- Department of Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal Univerity, Nudfu-Alike, Nigeria
| | - Winner O Kalu
- Department of Biochemistry, Rhema University, Aba, Nigeria
| | - Shedrach Kanu
- Department of Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal Univerity, Nudfu-Alike, Nigeria
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Rat cortico-striatal sagittal organotypic slice cultures as ex vivo excitotoxic striatal lesion models. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10819. [PMID: 36193519 PMCID: PMC9525915 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Organotypic brain slice cultures are a useful tool to study neurological disease as they provide a 3-dimensional system which more closely recapitulates the in vivo cytoarchitectural complexity than standard 2-dimensional in vitro cell cultures. Building on our previously developed rat brain slice culture protocol, we have extended our findings to develop ex vivo excitotoxic lesion models by treatment of rat sagittal organotypic slices with AMPA or quinolinic acid (QA). We show that treatment of rat sagittal cortico-striatal organotypic slices with 8μM AMPA or 50μM QA causes striatal cell loss with a reduction in neuronal nuclei (NeuN)+ cells and an increase in ethidium homodimer-1 (EthD-1)+ dead cells compared to untreated slices. More specifically, following treatment with QA, we observed a reduction in medium spiny neuron DARPP32 + cells in the striatum and cortex of slices. Treatment of the slices with AMPA does not alter glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, while we observed an acute increase in GFAP expression 1-week post-QA exposure both in the cortex and striatum of slices. This recapitulates the excitotoxic and striatal degeneration observed in rat AMPA and QA lesion models in vivo. Our slice culture platform provides an advance over other systems with the ability to generate acute AMPA- and QA-induced striatal excitotoxicity in sagittal cortico-striatal slices which can be cultured long-term for at least 4 weeks. Our ex vivo organotypic slice culture system provides a long-term cellular platform to model neuronal excitotoxicity, with QA specifically modelling Huntington's disease. This will allow for mechanistic studies of excitotoxicity and neuroprotection, as well as the development and testing of novel therapeutic strategies with reduced cost and ease of manipulation prior to in vivo experimentation.
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Bansal Y, Singh R, Sodhi RK, Khare P, Dhingra R, Dhingra N, Bishnoi M, Kondepudi KK, Kuhad A. Kynurenine monooxygenase inhibition and associated reduced quinolinic acid reverses depression-like behaviour by upregulating Nrf2/ARE pathway in mouse model of depression: In-vivo and In-silico studies. Neuropharmacology 2022; 215:109169. [PMID: 35753430 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Kynurenine pathway, a neuroimmunological pathway plays a substantial role in depression. Consistently, increased levels of neurotoxic metabolite of kynurenine pathway; quinolinic acid (QA) found in the suicidal patients and remitted major depressive patients. QA, an endogenous modulator of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor is produced by microglial cells, may serve as a potential candidate for a link between antioxidant defence system and immune changes in depression. Further, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2) like 2 (Nrf2), an endogenous antioxidant transcription factor plays a significant role in maintaining antioxidant homeostasis during basal and stress conditions. The present study was designed to explore the effects of KMO-inhibition (Kynurenine monooxygenase) and association of reduced QA on Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway activity in olfactory bulbectomized mice (OBX-mice). KMO catalysis the neurotoxic branch of kynurenine pathway directing the synthesis of QA. KMO inhibitionshowed significant reversal of depressive-like behaviour, restored Keap-1 and Nrf2 mRNA expression, and associated antioxidant levels in cortex and hippocampus of OBX-mice. KMO inhibition also increased PI3K/AKT mRNA expression in OBX-mice. KMO inhibition and associated reduced QA significantly decreased inflammatory markers, kynurenine and increased the 5-HT, 5-HIAA and tryptophan levels in OBX-mice. Furthermore, molecular docking studies has shown good binding affinity of QA towards ubiquitin proteasome complex and PI3K protein involved in Keap-1 dependent and independent proteasome degradation of Nrf2 respectively supporting our in-vivo findings. Hence, QA might act as pro-oxidant through downregulating Nrf2/ARE pathway along with modulating other pathways and KMO inhibition could be a potential therapeutic target for depression treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashika Bansal
- Pharmacology Research Lab, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Raghunath Singh
- Pharmacology Research Lab, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rupinder Kaur Sodhi
- Pharmacology Research Lab, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pragyanshu Khare
- Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Richa Dhingra
- Pharmachemistry Research Lab, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neelima Dhingra
- Pharmachemistry Research Lab, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi
- Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Anurag Kuhad
- Pharmacology Research Lab, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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Qiao P, Zhang C, Yu J, Shao S, Zhang J, Fang H, Chen J, Luo Y, Zhi D, Li Q, Ma J, Fu M, Dang E, Yin W, Wang G. Quinolinic acid, a tryptophan metabolite of the skin microbiota, negatively regulates the NLRP3 inflammasome through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2184-2193.e6. [PMID: 35143820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease whose pathogenesis involves skin microbiota dysbiosis. Multiple studies have revealed changes in microbiota abundances between psoriatic lesions and healthy skin. However, the metabolic pathways of skin microbiota (especially tryptophan metabolism, which is closely related to immunosuppression) are far less understood. In this study, we first detected the major microbial metabolites of tryptophan on skin surfaces, finding that the quinolinic acid (QA) were significantly lower in the lesional skin of patients with psoriasis than in that of healthy subjects and correlated negatively with the severity of psoriasis. In vitro and in vivo, applying QA significantly alleviated skin inflammation in an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-dependent manner, resulting in the inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Furthermore, in mice with imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis, topical application of AhR small-interfering RNA substantially exacerbated the disease severity with increased NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Collectively, our data suggest that QA, a skin microbiota-derived metabolite, negatively regulates AhR-NLRP3 inflammasome signaling activation in patients with psoriasis, providing an insight into the correlation between microbiota metabolism and the host skin in individuals with psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinlei Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jieyu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaoling Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yixin Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dalong Zhi
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingyang Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingyi Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Fu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Erle Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wen Yin
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Braidy N, Alicajic H, Pow D, Smith J, Jugder BE, Brew BJ, Nicolazzo JA, Guillemin GJ. Potential Mechanism of Cellular Uptake of the Excitotoxin Quinolinic Acid in Primary Human Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:34-54. [PMID: 32894500 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), excessive amounts of quinolinic acid (QUIN) accumulate within the brain parenchyma and dystrophic neurons. QUIN also regulates glutamate uptake into neurons, which may be due to modulation of Na+-dependent excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs). To determine the biological relationships between QUIN and glutamate dysfunction, we first quantified the functionality and kinetics of [3H]QUIN uptake in primary human neurons using liquid scintillation. We then measured changes in the protein expression of the glutamate transporter EAAT3 and EAAT1b in primary neurons treated with QUIN and the EAAT inhibitor L-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid (2,4-PDC) using western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemistry was further used to elucidate intracellular transport of exogenous QUIN and the lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2). Structural insights into the binding between QUIN and EAAT3 were further investigated using molecular docking techniques. We report significant temperature-dependent high-affinity transport leading to neuronal uptake of [3H]QUIN with a Km of 42.2 μM, and a Vmax of 9.492 pmol/2 min/mg protein, comparable with the uptake of glutamate. We also found that QUIN increases expression of the EAAT3 monomer while decreasing the functional trimer. QUIN uptake into primary neurons was shown to involve EAAT3 as uptake was significantly attenuated following EAAT inhibition. We also demonstrated that QUIN increases the expression of aberrant EAAT1b protein in neurons further implicating QUIN-induced glutamate dysfunction. Furthermore, we demonstrated that QUIN is metabolised exclusively in lysosomes. The involvement of EAAT3 as a modulator for QUIN uptake was further confirmed using molecular docking. This study is the first to characterise a mechanism for QUIN uptake into primary human neurons involving EAAT3, opening potential targets to attenuate QUIN-induced excitotoxicity in neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
- School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Wuxing District, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hayden Alicajic
- Neuropharmacology group, MND and Neurodegenerative diseases Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2019, Australia
| | - David Pow
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bat-Erdene Jugder
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bruce J Brew
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Neurology and HIV Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joseph A Nicolazzo
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuropharmacology group, MND and Neurodegenerative diseases Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2019, Australia.
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Soltesova Prnova M, Medina-Campos ON, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Colín-González AL, Piedra-García F, Rangel-López E, Kovacikova L, Ceylan A, Karasu C, Santamaria A, Stefek M. Antioxidant Mechanisms in the Neuroprotective Action of Cemtirestat: Studies in Chemical Models, Liposomes and Rat Brain Cortical Slices. Neuroscience 2020; 443:206-217. [PMID: 32681927 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuroprotective action of the novel aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor cemtirestat (CMT), 2-(3-thioxo-2H-[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indol-5(3H)-yl)acetic acid, was recently proved in experimental rat models of diabetes. The in vivo results indicated that the antioxidant activity of this compound might have participated on its effects. The aim of this study was to explore in a greater detail the putative antioxidant mechanisms potentially involved in CMT mediated neuroprotection. Antioxidant efficacy per se of CMT was proved by a ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) test and CMT was found to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in water phase chemically with decreasing efficacy as follows ROO > H2O2 > O2-. Studies in liposomes revealed the ability of CMT to inhibit lipid peroxidation more efficiently than melatonin, yet less effectively than Trolox. In the rat brain cortical slices, CMT reduced the loss of cell viability/mitochondrial function induced by quinolinic acid (QUIN), and inhibited lipid peroxidation. In addition, CMT normalized the GSH/GSSG ratio which could be explained, at least partially, by the ability of this compound to release free GSH from the pool of endogenously bound disulfides. Neuronal cell damage induced by QUIN or H2O2 was reduced by CMT as proved by significant drop in propidium iodide incorporation into cells. On balance then, our results corroborated the notion of a multifunctional action of CMT as a drug combining AR inhibition with direct antioxidant and ROS scavenging activity. Moreover, the ability of CMT to restore thiol-disulfide homeostasis was proved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Soltesova Prnova
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, CEM, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Omar Noel Medina-Campos
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ana Laura Colín-González
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Francisco Piedra-García
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Edgar Rangel-López
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Lucia Kovacikova
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, CEM, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Asli Ceylan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cimen Karasu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Abel Santamaria
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Milan Stefek
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, CEM, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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8
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Ferreira FS, Schmitz F, Marques EP, Siebert C, Wyse ATS. Intrastriatal Quinolinic Acid Administration Impairs Redox Homeostasis and Induces Inflammatory Changes: Prevention by Kynurenic Acid. Neurotox Res 2020; 38:50-58. [PMID: 32219734 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00192-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Kynurenic acid (KYNA) and quinolinic acid (QUIN) are metabolites formed in the degradation of tryptophan (Trp). QUIN is a selective NMDA receptor antagonist and may exert neurotoxic effects, whereas KYNA is an agonist of glutamatergic and cholinergic receptors and presents antioxidant properties. KYNA/QUIN ratio is decreased in several central nervous system disorders, but the mechanisms involved are not well elucidated. In the present study, we try to determine the neuroprotective capacity of KYNA on the QUIN effects in redox homeostasis changes (H2DCF oxidation, superoxide dismutase/catalase (SOD/CAT) ratio, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, sulfhydryl content, and nitrite levels), as well as on inflammatory parameters (levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6). KYNA and QUIN effects on the activities of Na+,K+-ATPase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were also evaluated. Thirty-day-old male Wistar rats underwent stereotactic surgery and received intrastriatal injections as follows: group 1-control (PBS-injected), group 2-KYNA (100 μM), group 3-QUIN (150 nM), and group 4-KYNA + QUIN (KYNA-injected followed QUIN-injected). Results demonstrated that the KYNA administration was able to prevent the increase in reactive oxygen species, SOD/CAT ratio, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) and the decrease in GPx activity, sulfhydryl content, and nitrite levels caused by QUIN. KYNA was also able to partially prevent the decrease in Na+,K+-ATPase activity and the increase in AChE activity caused by QUIN. This study may help in the elucidation of neuroprotective effects of KYNA against oxidative and inflammatory insults caused by QUIN in the striatum of young male Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Silva Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600- Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Felipe Schmitz
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Peil Marques
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Cassiana Siebert
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600- Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil. .,Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
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9
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Abstract
The basic leucine zipper transcription factor Nrf2 is the primary regulator of cellular oxidative stress. Activation of Nrf2 is regarded as a potential preventive and therapeutic strategy. However, aberrant hyperactivation of Nrf2 is found in a variety of cancers and promotes cancer progression and metastasis. Moreover, constitutive activation of Nrf2 confers cancer cells resistance to chemo- and radio-therapy. Thus, inhibiting Nrf2 could be a new therapeutic strategy for cancer. With the aim of accelerating the discovery and development of novel Nrf2 inhibitors, we summarize the biological and pathological functions of Nrf2 in cancer. Furthermore, the recent studies of small molecular Nrf2 inhibitors and potential Nrf2 inhibitory mechanisms are also summarized in this review.
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10
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Bansal Y, Singh R, Parhar I, Kuhad A, Soga T. Quinolinic Acid and Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 in Depression: Role in Neuroprogression. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:452. [PMID: 31164818 PMCID: PMC6536572 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is an incapacitating neuropsychiatric disorder. The serotonergic system in the brain plays an important role in the pathophysiology of depression. However, due to delayed and/or poor performance of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in treating depressive symptoms, the role of the serotonergic system in depression has been recently questioned further. Evidence from recent studies suggests that increased inflammation and oxidative stress may play significant roles in the pathophysiology of depression. The consequences of these factors can lead to the neuroprogression of depression, involving neurodegeneration, astrocytic apoptosis, reduced neurogenesis, reduced plasticity (neuronal and synaptic), and enhanced immunoreactivity. Specifically, increased proinflammatory cytokine levels have been shown to activate the kynurenine pathway, which causes increased production of quinolinic acid (QA, an N-Methyl-D-aspartate agonist) and decreases the synthesis of serotonin. QA exerts many deleterious effects on the brain via mechanisms including N-methyl-D-aspartate excitotoxicity, increased oxidative stress, astrocyte degeneration, and neuronal apoptosis. QA may also act directly as a pro-oxidant. Additionally, the nuclear translocation of antioxidant defense factors, such as nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), is downregulated in depression. Hence, in the present review, we discuss the role of QA in increasing oxidative stress in depression by modulating the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 and thus affecting the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashika Bansal
- Pharmacology Research Lab, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Raghunath Singh
- Pharmacology Research Lab, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ishwar Parhar
- Brain Research Institute Monash Sunway, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Anurag Kuhad
- Pharmacology Research Lab, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Tomoko Soga
- Brain Research Institute Monash Sunway, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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11
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da Silveira TL, Zamberlan DC, Arantes LP, Machado ML, da Silva TC, Câmara DDF, Santamaría A, Aschner M, Soares FAA. Quinolinic acid and glutamatergic neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans. Neurotoxicology 2018; 67:94-101. [PMID: 29702159 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Quinolinic acid (QUIN) is an endogenous neurotoxin that acts as an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) agonist generating a toxic cascade, which can lead to neurodegeneration. The action of QUIN in Caenorhabditis elegans and the neurotoxins that allow the study of glutamatergic system disorders have not been carefully addressed. The effects of QUIN on toxicological and behavioral parameters in VM487 and VC2623 transgenic, as well as wild-type (WT) animals were performed to evaluate whether QUIN could be used as a neurotoxin in C. elegans. QUIN reduced survival of WT worms in a dose-dependent manner. A sublethal dose of QUIN (20 mM) increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in an nmr-1/NMDAR-dependent manner, activated the DAF-16/FOXO transcription factor, and increased expression of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase-3, glutathione S-transferase-4, and heat shock protein-16.2. QUIN did not change motor behavioral parameters, but altered the sensory behavior in N2 and VM487 worms. Notably, the effect of QUIN on the sensory behavioral parameters might occur, at least in part, secondary to increased ROS. However, the touch response behavior indicates a mechanism of action that is independent of ROS generation. In addition, non-lethal doses of QUIN triggered neurodegeneration in glutamatergic neurons. Our findings indicate that C. elegans might be useful as a model for studies of QUIN as a glutamatergic neurotoxin in rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tássia Limana da Silveira
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniele Coradine Zamberlan
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Leticia Priscilla Arantes
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marina Lopes Machado
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Thayanara Cruz da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Freitas Câmara
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Abel Santamaría
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Insurgentes Sur 3877, 14269 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Michael Aschner
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jack and Pearl Resnick Campus, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Felix Alexandre Antunes Soares
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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12
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Sargazi S, Galavi H, Zarei S. Evaluation of attenuative effect of tert-butylhydroquinone against diazinon-induced oxidative stress on hematological indices in male Wistar rats. Biomed Rep 2018; 8:565-570. [PMID: 29774145 DOI: 10.3892/br.2018.1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diazinon is an organophosphate toxicant that has been identified to induce oxidative stress within biological systems through altering biochemical and hematological indices, by generating free radicals while deteriorating the cellular antioxidant defense system. The present study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), a synthetic food additive, in serving as an antioxidant against sub-lethal diazinon-induced oxidative stress in male Wistar rats. Animals were randomly divided into 4 groups: Control (treated with corn oil as a vehicle), diazinon (10 mg/kg/day), TBHQ (0.028 g/kg of diet) and a combination group of TBHQ (0.028 g/kg of diet) plus diazinon (10 mg/kg/day). All animals were treated orally once a day by gastric tube and treatments were continued for 7 weeks. Hematological indices, including red blood cell (RBC) indices and white blood cell (WBC) and platelet counts, were measured at the end of the treatment schedule. On comparison of the treatment groups with the untreated control group, RBC count, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were significantly decreased in the diazinon and TBHQ+diazinon groups, while MCHC in the TBHQ group and MCV in the diazinon and TBHQ+diazinon groups were significantly increased. When the diazinon and TBHQ+diazinon groups were compared with the TBHQ group, RBC, Hb, Hct, and MCHC were significantly decreased whereas MCV was increased in both groups. Additionally, when comparing the TBHQ+diazinon group with the diazinon group, MCHC was determined to be significantly decreased. The results of the current experiments suggested that TBHQ could not efficiently protect blood cells against diazinon toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Sargazi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan 9177948974, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Sistan and Baluchestan 9816743181, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Galavi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Sistan and Baluchestan 9816743181, Iran
| | - Sadegh Zarei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd 8916978477, Iran
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13
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Ferreira FS, Biasibetti-Brendler H, Pierozan P, Schmitz F, Bertó CG, Prezzi CA, Manfredini V, Wyse ATS. Kynurenic Acid Restores Nrf2 Levels and Prevents Quinolinic Acid-Induced Toxicity in Rat Striatal Slices. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:8538-8549. [PMID: 29564809 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Kynurenic acid (KYNA) and quinolinic acid (QUIN) are metabolites produced in the degradation of tryptophan and have important neurological activities. KYNA/QUIN ratio changes are known to be associated with central nervous system disorders, such Alzheimer, Parkinson, and Huntington diseases. In the present study, we investigate the ability of KYNA in prevent the first events preceding QUIN-induced neurodegeneration in striatal slices of rat. We evaluated the protective effect of KYNA on oxidative status (reactive oxygen species production, antioxidant enzymes activities, lipid peroxidation, nitrite levels, protein and DNA damage, and iNOS immunocontent), mitochondrial function (mitochondrial mass, membrane potential, and respiratory chain enzymes), and Na+,K+-ATPase in striatal slices of rats treated with QUIN. Since QUIN alters the levels of Nrf2, we evaluated the influence of KYNA protection on this parameter. Striatal slices from 30-day-old Wistar rats were preincubated with KYNA (100 μM) for 15 min, followed by incubation with 100-μM QUIN for 30 min. Results showed that KYNA prevented the increase of ROS production caused by QUIN and restored antioxidant enzyme activities and the protein and lipid damage, as well as the Nrf2 levels. KYNA also prevented the effects of QUIN on mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as the decrease in the activities of complex II, SDH, and Na+,K+-ATPase. We suggest that KYNA prevents changes in Nrf2 levels, oxidative imbalance, and mitochondrial dysfunction caused by QUIN in striatal slices. This study elucidates some of the protective effects of KYNA against the damage caused by QUIN toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Silva Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Helena Biasibetti-Brendler
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Paula Pierozan
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Felipe Schmitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Carolina Gessinger Bertó
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Caroline Acauan Prezzi
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Vanusa Manfredini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 585, 118, Uruguaiana, RS, CEP 97500-970, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil. .,Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
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14
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Foucault-Fruchard L, Tronel C, Bodard S, Gulhan Z, Busson J, Chalon S, Antier D. Alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist treatment in a rat model of Huntington's disease and involvement of heme oxygenase-1. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:737-741. [PMID: 29722329 PMCID: PMC5950687 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.230301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a common element involved in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. We recently reported that repeated alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) activations by a potent agonist such as PHA 543613 in quinolinic acid-injured rats exhibited protective effects on neurons. To further investigate the underlying mechanism, we established rat models of early-stage Huntington's disease by injection of quinolinic acid into the right striatum and then intraperitoneally injected 12 mg/kg PHA 543613 or sterile water, twice a day during 4 days. Western blot assay results showed that the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the key component of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, in the right striatum of rat models of Huntington's disease subjected to intraperitoneal injection of PHA 543613 for 4 days was significantly increased compared to the control rats receiving intraperitoneal injection of sterile water, and that the increase in HO-1 expression was independent of change in α7nAChR expression. These findings suggest that HO-1 expression is unrelated to α7nAChR density and the increase in HO-1 expression likely contributes to α7nAChR activation-related neuroprotective effect in early-stage Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Foucault-Fruchard
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm; CHRU de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, Tours, France
| | - Claire Tronel
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Sylvie Bodard
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Zuhal Gulhan
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Julie Busson
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Sylvie Chalon
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Daniel Antier
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm; CHRU de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, Tours, France
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15
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Kamemura N, Oyama K, Kanemaru K, Yokoigawa K, Oyama Y. Diverse cellular actions of tert-butylhydroquinone, a food additive, on rat thymocytes. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2017; 6:922-929. [PMID: 30090553 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00183e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) is a food additive that possesses antioxidant activity. Its alternative applications have been explored in recent studies. However, there is controversy regarding safety. In this study using rat thymocytes, the cellular actions of TBHQ at sublethal concentrations were examined. TBHQ at concentrations of 3 μM or more elevated intracellular Zn2+ concentration ([Zn2+]i) in a dose-dependent manner, by increasing membrane Zn2+ permeability and releasing Zn2+ from cellular stores. TBHQ at 30 μM significantly increased side scatter (cell density) and the exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) on cell membrane surfaces. It also decreased cellular glutathione (GSH) content without affecting cell lethality. Forward scatter was attenuated by 100 μM TBHQ. Thus, it is considered that TBHQ at sublethal concentrations (30 μM or less) exerts some adverse actions on cells. TBHQ at 10-30 μM attenuated the increase in cell lethality induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), while potentiation of H2O2 cytotoxicity by 100 μM TBHQ was observed. The range of concentrations of TBHQ from benefit to toxicity under in vitro conditions may be 10-30 μM. Although TBHQ exhibits antioxidative actions at concentrations that are lower than those which elicit adverse cellular effects, sublethal levels of TBHQ cause some adverse actions that may be clinically concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Kamemura
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry , Tokushima University , Tokushima 770-8513 , Japan . ; Tel: +81-88-656-7256
| | - Keisuke Oyama
- Tokushima Prefectural Central Hospital , Tokushima 770-8539 , Japan
| | - Kaori Kanemaru
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry , Tokushima University , Tokushima 770-8513 , Japan . ; Tel: +81-88-656-7256
| | - Kumio Yokoigawa
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry , Tokushima University , Tokushima 770-8513 , Japan . ; Tel: +81-88-656-7256
| | - Yasuo Oyama
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry , Tokushima University , Tokushima 770-8513 , Japan . ; Tel: +81-88-656-7256
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16
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Lee JM, Tan V, Lovejoy D, Braidy N, Rowe DB, Brew BJ, Guillemin GJ. Involvement of quinolinic acid in the neuropathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuropharmacology 2017; 112:346-364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Lovelace MD, Varney B, Sundaram G, Franco NF, Ng ML, Pai S, Lim CK, Guillemin GJ, Brew BJ. Current Evidence for a Role of the Kynurenine Pathway of Tryptophan Metabolism in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2016; 7:246. [PMID: 27540379 PMCID: PMC4972824 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway (KP) is the major metabolic pathway of the essential amino acid tryptophan (TRP). Stimulation by inflammatory molecules, such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ), is the trigger for induction of the KP, driving a complex cascade of production of both neuroprotective and neurotoxic metabolites, and in turn, regulation of the immune response and responses of brain cells to the KP metabolites. Consequently, substantial evidence has accumulated over the past couple of decades that dysregulation of the KP and the production of neurotoxic metabolites are associated with many neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease, AIDS-related dementia, motor neurone disease, schizophrenia, Huntington’s disease, and brain cancers. In the past decade, evidence of the link between the KP and multiple sclerosis (MS) has rapidly grown and has implicated the KP in MS pathogenesis. KP enzymes, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO-1) and tryptophan dioxygenase (highest expression in hepatic cells), are the principal enzymes triggering activation of the KP to produce kynurenine from TRP. This is in preference to other routes such as serotonin and melatonin production. In neurological disease, degradation of the blood–brain barrier, even if transient, allows the entry of blood monocytes into the brain parenchyma. Similar to microglia and macrophages, these cells are highly responsive to IFN-γ, which upregulates the expression of enzymes, including IDO-1, producing neurotoxic KP metabolites such as quinolinic acid. These metabolites circulate systemically or are released locally in the brain and can contribute to the excitotoxic death of oligodendrocytes and neurons in neurological disease principally by virtue of their agonist activity at N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptors. The latest evidence is presented and discussed. The enzymes that control the checkpoints in the KP represent an attractive therapeutic target, and consequently several KP inhibitors are currently in clinical trials for other neurological diseases, and hence may make suitable candidates for MS patients. Underpinning these drug discovery endeavors, in recent years, several advances have been made in how KP metabolites are assayed in various biological fluids, and tremendous advancements have been made in how specimens are imaged to determine disease progression and involvement of various cell types and molecules in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Lovelace
- Applied Neurosciences Program, Peter Duncan Neurosciences Research Unit, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bianca Varney
- Applied Neurosciences Program, Peter Duncan Neurosciences Research Unit, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Gayathri Sundaram
- Applied Neurosciences Program, Peter Duncan Neurosciences Research Unit, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Nunzio F Franco
- Applied Neurosciences Program, Peter Duncan Neurosciences Research Unit, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Mei Li Ng
- Faculty of Medicine, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Saparna Pai
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Chai K Lim
- Neuroinflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Bruce J Brew
- Applied Neurosciences Program, Peter Duncan Neurosciences Research Unit, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Neurology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Parthenolide and DMAPT exert cytotoxic effects on breast cancer stem-like cells by inducing oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and necrosis. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2194. [PMID: 27077810 PMCID: PMC4855673 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are aggressive forms of breast carcinoma associated with a high rate of recidivism. In this paper, we report the production of mammospheres from three lines of TNBC cells and demonstrate that both parthenolide (PN) and its soluble analog dimethylaminoparthenolide (DMAPT) suppressed this production and induced cytotoxic effects in breast cancer stem-like cells, derived from dissociation of mammospheres. In particular, the drugs exerted a remarkable inhibitory effect on viability of stem-like cells. Such an effect was suppressed by N-acetylcysteine, suggesting a role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the cytotoxic effect. Instead z-VAD, a general inhibitor of caspase activity, was ineffective. Analysis of ROS generation, performed using fluorescent probes, showed that both the drugs stimulated in the first hours of treatment a very high production of hydrogen peroxide. This event was, at least in part, a consequence of activation of NADPH oxidases (NOXs), as it was reduced by apocynin and diphenylene iodinium, two inhibitors of NOXs. Moreover, both the drugs caused downregulation of Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), which is a critical regulator of the intracellular antioxidant response. Prolonging the treatment with PN or DMAPT we observed between 12 and 24 h that the levels of both superoxide anion and hROS increased in concomitance with the downregulation of manganese superoxide dismutase and catalase. In addition, during this phase dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential occurred together with necrosis of stem-like cells. Finally, our results suggested that the effect on ROS generation found in the first hours of treatment was, in part, responsible for the cytotoxic events observed in the successive phase. In conclusion, PN and DMAPT markedly inhibited viability of stem-like cells derived from three lines of TNBCs by inducing ROS generation, mitochondrial dysfunction and cell necrosis.
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Silva-Palacios A, Königsberg M, Zazueta C. Nrf2 signaling and redox homeostasis in the aging heart: A potential target to prevent cardiovascular diseases? Ageing Res Rev 2016; 26:81-95. [PMID: 26732035 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging process is often accompanied with a high incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) due to the synergistic effects of age-related changes in heart morphology/function and prolonged exposure to injurious effects of CVD risk factors. Oxidative stress, considered a hallmark of aging, is also an important feature in pathologies that predispose to CVD development, like hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Approaches directed to prevent the occurrence of CVD during aging have been explored both in experimental models and in controlled clinical trials, in order to improve health span, reduce hospitalizations and increase life quality during elderly. In this review we discuss oxidative stress role as a main risk factor that relates CVD with aging. As well as interventions that aim to reduce oxidative stress by supplementing with exogenous antioxidants. In particular, strategies of improving the endogenous antioxidant defenses through activating the nuclear factor related-2 factor (Nrf2) pathway; one of the best studied molecules in cellular redox homeostasis and a master regulator of the antioxidant and phase II detoxification response.
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Guerriero F, Ricevuti G. Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields stimulation modulates autoimmunity and immune responses: a possible immuno-modulatory therapeutic effect in neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1888-1895. [PMID: 28197174 PMCID: PMC5270416 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.195277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) stimulation is able to exert a certain action on autoimmunity and immune cells. In the past, the efficacy of pulsed ELF-EMFs in alleviating the symptoms and the progression of multiple sclerosis has been supported through their action on neurotransmission and on the autoimmune mechanisms responsible for demyelination. Regarding the immune system, ELF-EMF exposure contributes to a general activation of macrophages, resulting in changes of autoimmunity and several immunological reactions, such as increased reactive oxygen species-formation, enhanced phagocytic activity and increased production of chemokines. Transcranial electromagnetic brain stimulation is a non-invasive novel technique used recently to treat different neurodegenerative disorders, in particular Alzheimer's disease. Despite its proven value, the mechanisms through which EMF brain-stimulation exerts its beneficial action on neuronal function remains unclear. Recent studies have shown that its beneficial effects may be due to a neuroprotective effect on oxidative cell damage. On the basis of in vitro and clinical studies on brain activity, modulation by ELF-EMFs could possibly counteract the aberrant pro-inflammatory responses present in neurodegenerative disorders reducing their severity and their onset. The objective of this review is to provide a systematic overview of the published literature on EMFs and outline the most promising effects of ELF-EMFs in developing treatments of neurodegenerative disorders. In this regard, we review data supporting the role of ELF-EMF in generating immune-modulatory responses, neuromodulation, and potential neuroprotective benefits. Nonetheless, we reckon that the underlying mechanisms of interaction between EMF and the immune system are still to be completely understood and need further studies at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Guerriero
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, Section of Geriatrics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Istituto di Cura Santa Margherita of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ricevuti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, Section of Geriatrics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Istituto di Cura Santa Margherita of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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21
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Tasset I, Bahamonde C, Agüera E, Conde C, Cruz AH, Pérez-Herrera A, Gascón F, Giraldo AI, Ruiz MC, Lillo R, Sánchez-López F, Túnez I. Effect of natalizumab on oxidative damage biomarkers in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 65:624-31. [PMID: 23950585 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71039-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natalizumab is a monoclonal antibody used to treat multiple sclerosis. This study sought to determine whether the protective action of natalizumab involved a reduction in oxidative damage. METHODS Twenty-two multiple sclerosis patients fulfilling the revised McDonald criteria were assigned to treatment with 300 mg natalizumab intravenously once monthly (infusion every 4 weeks) in accordance with Spanish guidelines. Carbonylated proteins, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, total glutathione, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and myeloperoxidase levels were measured at baseline and after 14 months' treatment, and the antioxidant gap was calculated. RESULTS Natalizumab prompted a drop in oxidative-damage biomarker levels, together with a reduction both in myeloperoxidase levels and in the myeloperoxidase/neutrophil granulocyte ratio. Interestingly, natalizumab induced nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and a fall in serum vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 levels. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that natalizumab has a beneficial effect on oxidative damage found in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Tasset
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
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22
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Feng Q, Ma Y, Mu S, Wu J, Chen S, OuYang L, Lei W. Specific reactions of different striatal neuron types in morphology induced by quinolinic acid in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91512. [PMID: 24632560 PMCID: PMC3954627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurological degenerative disease and quinolinic acid (QA) has been used to establish HD model in animals through the mechanism of excitotoxicity. Yet the specific pathological changes and the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. We aimed to reveal the specific morphological changes of different striatal neurons in the HD model. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to unilaterally intrastriatal injections of QA to mimic the HD model. Behavioral tests, histochemical and immunhistochemical stainings as well as Western blots were applied in the present study. The results showed that QA-treated rats had obvious motor and cognitive impairments when compared with the control group. Immunohistochemical detection showed a great loss of NeuN+ neurons and Darpp32+ projection neurons in the transition zone in the QA group when compared with the control group. The numbers of parvalbumin (Parv)+ and neuropeptide Y (NPY)+ interneurons were both significantly reduced while those of calretinin (Cr)+ and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)+ were not changed notably in the transition zone in the QA group when compared to the controls. Parv+, NPY+ and ChAT+ interneurons were not significantly increased in fiber density while Cr+ neurons displayed an obvious increase in fiber density in the transition zone in QA-treated rats. The varicosity densities of Parv+, Cr+ and NPY+ interneurons were all raised in the transition zone after QA treatment. In conclusion, the present study revealed that QA induced obvious behavioral changes as well as a general loss of striatal projection neurons and specific morphological changes in different striatal interneurons, which may help further explain the underlying mechanisms and the specific functions of various striatal neurons in the pathological process of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Feng
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Ma
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuhua Mu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lisi OuYang
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanlong Lei
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Colín-González A, Luna-López A, Königsberg M, Ali S, Pedraza-Chaverrí J, Santamaría A. Early modulation of the transcription factor Nrf2 in rodent striatal slices by quinolinic acid, a toxic metabolite of the kynurenine pathway. Neuroscience 2014; 260:130-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Colín-González A, Orozco-Ibarra M, Chánez-Cárdenas M, Rangel-López E, Santamaría A, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Barrera-Oviedo D, Maldonado P. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) upregulation delays morphological and oxidative damage induced in an excitotoxic/pro-oxidant model in the rat striatum. Neuroscience 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Tasset I, Pérez-Herrera A, Medina FJ, Arias-Carrión Ó, Drucker-Colín R, Túnez I. Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields activate the antioxidant pathway Nrf2 in a Huntington's disease-like rat model. Brain Stimul 2013; 6:84-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2012.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Selenium-induced antioxidant protection recruits modulation of thioredoxin reductase during excitotoxic/pro-oxidant events in the rat striatum. Neurochem Int 2012; 61:195-206. [PMID: 22579569 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a crucial element exerting antioxidant and neuroprotective effects in different toxic models. It has been suggested that Se acts through selenoproteins, of which thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is relevant for reduction of harmful hydroperoxides and maintenance of thioredoxin (Trx) redox activity. Of note, the Trx/TrxR system remains poorly studied in toxic models of degenerative disorders. Despite previous reports of our group have demonstrated a protective role of Se in the excitotoxic/pro-oxidant model induced by quinolinic acid (QUIN) in the rat striatum (Santamaría et al., 2003, 2005), the precise mechanism(s) by which Se is inducing protection remains unclear. In this work, we characterized the time course of protective events elicited by Se as pretreatment (Na(2)SO(3), 0.625 mg/kg/day, i.p., administered for 5 consecutive days) in the toxic pattern produced by a single infusion of QUIN (240 nmol/μl) in the rat striatum, to further explore whether TrxR is involved in the Se-induced protection and how is regulated. Se attenuated the QUIN-induced early reactive oxygen species formation, lipid peroxidation, oxidative damage to DNA, loss of mitochondrial reductive capacity and morphological alterations in the striatum. Our results also revealed a novel pattern in which QUIN transiently stimulated an early TrxR cellular localization/distribution (at 30 min and 2 h post-lesion, evidenced by immunohistochemistry), to further stimulate a delayed protein activation (at 24 h) in a manner likely representing a compensatory response to the oxidative damage in course. In turn, Se induced an early stimulation of TrxR activity and expression in a time course that "matches" with the reduction of the QUIN-induced oxidative damage, suggesting that the Trx/TrxR system contributes to the resistance of nerve tissue to QUIN toxicity.
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Neuroprotective effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on a Huntington's disease rat model: effects on neurotrophic factors and neuronal density. Neuroscience 2012; 209:54-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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28
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Colle D, Hartwig JM, Antunes Soares FA, Farina M. Probucol modulates oxidative stress and excitotoxicity in Huntington's disease models in vitro. Brain Res Bull 2012; 87:397-405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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29
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Pérez-De La Cruz V, Carrillo-Mora P, Santamaría A. Quinolinic Acid, an endogenous molecule combining excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and other toxic mechanisms. Int J Tryptophan Res 2012; 5:1-8. [PMID: 22408367 PMCID: PMC3296489 DOI: 10.4137/ijtr.s8158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinolinic acid (QUIN), an endogenous metabolite of the kynurenine pathway, is involved in several neurological disorders, including Huntington’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, HIV associated dementia (HAD) etc. QUIN toxicity involves several mechanisms which trigger various metabolic pathways and transcription factors. The primary mechanism exerted by this excitotoxin in the central nervous system (CNS) has been largely related with the overactivation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and increased cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations, followed by mitochondrial dysfunction, cytochrome c release, ATP exhaustion, free radical formation and oxidative damage. As a result, this toxic pattern is responsible for selective loss of middle size striatal spiny GABAergic neurons and motor alterations in lesioned animals. This toxin has recently gained attention in biomedical research as, in addition to its proven excitotoxic profile, a considerable amount of evidence suggests that oxidative stress and energetic disturbances are major constituents of its toxic pattern in the CNS. Hence, this profile has changed our perception of how QUIN-related disorders combine different toxic mechanisms resulting in brain damage. This review will focus on the description and integration of recent evidence supporting old and suggesting new mechanisms to explain QUIN toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Pérez-De La Cruz
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico 14269
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Pérez-Rojas JM, Guerrero-Beltrán CE, Cruz C, Sánchez-González DJ, Martínez-Martínez CM, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Preventive effect of tert-butylhydroquinone on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:2631-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Cuevas E, Lantz S, Newport G, Divine B, Wu Q, Paule MG, Tobón-Velasco JC, Ali SF, Santamaría A. On the early toxic effect of quinolinic acid: involvement of RAGE. Neurosci Lett 2010; 474:74-8. [PMID: 20223279 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Revised: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Quinolinic acid (QUIN)-induced toxicity is characterized by N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors over-activation, excitotoxicity and oxidative damage. The characterization of toxic cascades produced by QUIN during the first hours after its striatal infusion is relevant for understanding toxic mechanisms. The role of the receptor-for-advanced-glycation-end-products (RAGE) in the early toxic pattern induced by QUIN was evaluated. RAGE expression - assessed by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence - was enhanced in the striata of QUIN-lesioned rats at 2h post-lesion. QUIN-induced RAGE up-regulation was accompanied by expression of a RAGE target molecule, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB), and genes encoding for different enzymes. Other toxic markers linked to RAGE activation were increased by QUIN, including NO formation, premature glial response, lactate dehydrogenase leakage, mitochondrial dysfunction and nuclear condensation. Our results suggest that RAGE up-regulation may play a role in the early stages of QUIN toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Cuevas
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Manuel Velasco Suárez, S.S.A. Insurgentes Sur # 3877, México, D.F. 14269, Mexico
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Túnez I, Tasset I, Pérez-De La Cruz V, Santamaría A. 3-Nitropropionic acid as a tool to study the mechanisms involved in Huntington's disease: past, present and future. Molecules 2010; 15:878-916. [PMID: 20335954 PMCID: PMC6263191 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15020878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Revised: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an inheritable autosomal-dominant disorder whose causal mechanisms remain unknown. Experimental models have begun to uncover these pathways, thus helping to understand the mechanisms implicated and allowing for the characterization of potential targets for new therapeutic strategies. 3-Nitropropionic acid is known to produce in animals behavioural, biochemical and morphologic changes similar to those occurring in HD. For this reason, this phenotypic model is gaining attention as a valuable tool to mimick this disorder and further developing new therapies. In this review, we will focus on the past and present research of this molecule, to finally bring a perspective on what will be next in this promising field of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Túnez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Maimónides de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Córdoba, Universidad de Córdoba, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
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