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Singh B, Phulware RH, Baishya P, Singh A, Durgapal P, Kumar A, Hazarika N, Kishore S. Epidermoid Cyst: An Esthetic Challenge, If Neglected-A Comprehensive Analysis of 217 Cases. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2023; 16:140-144. [PMID: 37554672 PMCID: PMC10405554 DOI: 10.4103/jcas.jcas_81_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An epidermoid cyst is a benign keratin-filled cyst, commonly located in the face, scalp, neck, and trunk. Although it is a common benign cystic neoplasm, large series of analyses in English literature are still scarce. To comprehend the clinical and pathological variation of epidermoid cysts in the sub-Himalayan region of India, as well as their clinical implications for late diagnosis, a retrospective study on epidermoid cysts was conducted. Materials and Methods This was a retrospective observational study conducted on 217 cases of epidermoid cyst subjected for fine-needle aspiration cytology over a period of 3.6 years (from 2018 to 2021). The clinical details and other epidemiological data were archived from the pathology requisition forms. Results It showed slight male preponderance with head and neck site as the most common area. Most patients were adults. Few uncommon sites were also seen namely breast, parotid, epididymis, and tonsils. Few large lesions were identified measuring up to 10 cm. The skin changes were seen in 5.5% cases, 0.9% cases show extreme ulceration, and 4.1% cases show foreign body giant cell reactions. Due to the province's steep terrain and limited access to medical services, the majority of patients arrived at out patient department (OPD) late. Conclusion The findings suggest that fine-needle aspiration can be used as a quick diagnostic test even in remote areas by the general practitioner who can send the slides for evaluation to a pathologist. Many times, clinically looking epidermoid cyst can reveal certain challenging entities such as a biphasic fibroepithelial tumor with cystic squamous metaplasia and proliferating pilar tumor in our series. The study of this lesion is also needed for early diagnosis as long-standing lesion may rupture and cause requirement of extensive treatment followed cosmetic impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagyshree Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ravi H Phulware
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pakesh Baishya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ashok Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Prashant Durgapal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Neirita Hazarika
- Department of Dermatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sanjeev Kishore
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Fernando A, Laura N, Pablo F, Gastón R. Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy in skin lesions. Skin Res Technol 2018; 25:399-401. [PMID: 30358926 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfageme Fernando
- Dermatology Service, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nájera Laura
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fonda Pablo
- Dermatology Service, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roustan Gastón
- Dermatology Service, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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Panwar H, Goel G, Majumdar K, Joshi D, Asati D, Kapoor N. Cytomorphology of Skin Adnexal Tumors: A Tale of Two Scalp Swellings. J Cytol 2018; 35:60-62. [PMID: 29403175 PMCID: PMC5795733 DOI: 10.4103/0970-9371.223594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary and metastatic tumors of the skin can be effectively diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC); however, the cytomorphological features of skin adnexal tumors are rarely described in the literature. We hereby describe the cytological features of two histologically confirmed cases of benign skin adnexal tumors. Case 1 is of a 46-year-old female who presented with an elevated firm nodule over the scalp. A cytological diagnosis of benign adnexal tumor possibly of sebaceous origin was given. The nodule was excised and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of sebaceoma. Case 2 is of a 19-year-old male who presented with a pigmented scalp swelling. Cytomorphological features were suggestive of benign skin adnexal tumor with foci of melanin pigment. The swelling was excised and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of eccrine poroma. To the best of our knowledge, only one previous report of sebaceoma and no report of eccrine poroma describing the cytological findings of these two tumors exist. We report these two cases of benign skin adnexal tumors to discuss the cytological features and the potential diagnostic dilemma that they pose to the cytologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemlata Panwar
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Garima Goel
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | | | - Deepti Joshi
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Dinesh Asati
- Department of Dermatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Neelkamal Kapoor
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Shalini B, Akshi K, Namrata N, Shilpi S, Manupriya N. Case of chondroid syringoma mimicking a nodular hidradenoma: A diagnostic pitfall on cytopathology. Diagn Cytopathol 2017; 46:59-62. [PMID: 28772003 DOI: 10.1002/dc.23791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Limited literature is available on the use of fine needle aspiration (FNA) for skin tumors. Awareness of cytological features of these lesions is important to prevent misdiagnosis. A 45-year-old male, presented with slowly growing swelling over the thigh since 4 years. FNA from multiple sites yielded highly cellular smears with a dual cell population consisting of cells with small round nucleus scanty cytoplasm and polygonal cells with moderate to abundant cytoplasm. Extracellular basement membrane like material was also noted. A diagnosis of benign adnexal neoplasm, suggestive of nodular hidradenoma was made. Paraffin sections showed an encapsulated dermal tumor composed of ductal and myoepithelial cells in ducts, sheets, strands with chondromyxoid stroma. A final diagnosis of chondroid syringoma was given following evaluation of histopathology slides and Immunohistochemistry. FNA interpretation of skin tumors can be challenging since literature is limited. The placement of tumors into benign or malignant category is realistic and can direct management guidelines. Greater awareness of these lesions and following stringent diagnostic criteria can help in establishing a more accurate diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahadur Shalini
- Department of Pathology, North Delhi Municipal Corporation Medical College and Hindu Rao Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Katyal Akshi
- Department of Pathology, North Delhi Municipal Corporation Medical College and Hindu Rao Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Nargotra Namrata
- Department of Pathology, North Delhi Municipal Corporation Medical College and Hindu Rao Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Soni Shilpi
- Department of Pathology, North Delhi Municipal Corporation Medical College and Hindu Rao Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Nain Manupriya
- Department of Pathology, North Delhi Municipal Corporation Medical College and Hindu Rao Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Bharani V, Kumar R, Gupta N, Srinivasan R, Rajwanshi A, Nahar U, Dey P. Fine-needle aspiration cytology in primary cutaneous tumors. Diagn Cytopathol 2017; 45:681-688. [PMID: 28474476 DOI: 10.1002/dc.23741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is occasionally used in the evaluation of primary skin tumors. However, in routine evaluation of any soft tissue swelling we encounter the cases of skin lesions. It is essential to know FNAB features of skin lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS We present detailed cytomorphologic features with histologic correlation of 28 primary skin tumors, evaluated over a period of 4 years. RESULT An accurate diagnosis was provided in 42.8% cases, while benign or malignant nature was correctly established in 82.1% cases. CONCLUSIONS The most common cause of incorrect diagnosis was sampling error and a definitive diagnosis was not provided in adnexal tumors due to overlap of cytologic features and lack of availability of architectural features. The knowledge of cytological features of the skin adnexal tumor is helpful to avoid any mistaken diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:681-688. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vani Bharani
- Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nalini Gupta
- Department of Cytology and Gynecologic Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Radhika Srinivasan
- Department of Cytology and Gynecologic Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arvind Rajwanshi
- Department of Cytology and Gynecologic Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Uma Nahar
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pranab Dey
- Department of Cytology and Gynecologic Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Chand P, Khare P, Gupta R, Pruthi SK, Ahuja M, Jha A. Diagnostic Evaluation of Skin Adnexal Tumors by Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology. Acta Cytol 2016; 60:246-53. [PMID: 27450457 DOI: 10.1159/000447733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of skin adnexal tumors is usually based on histopathology. However, fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) can be of great help and shows a high degree of correlation to the final diagnosis. It is helpful in many situations where skin lesions are a manifestation of certain systemic syndromes and aids to the formation of precise treatment plans. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective study was carried out to assess the diagnosis of skin adnexal tumors based on FNAC and their comparison with histopathological diagnoses. There were 14 patients with FNAC and histopathological follow-up in whom a final diagnosis of skin adnexal tumor was made. The results of FNAC were compared with histopathological diagnoses for complete correlation, partial correlation (cases where an FNAC diagnosis of skin adnexal tumor was made but a precise diagnosis of the subtype was not possible) or no correlation (where FNAC failed to diagnose a skin adnexal tumor). RESULTS Among the 14 cases of skin adnexal tumor, there was total correlation between the FNAC diagnosis and final histopathological diagnosis in 8 cases (57.1%) and a partial correlation in 4 cases (28.5%). There was no correlation of the FNAC diagnosis with the histopathological diagnosis in only 2 cases (14.3%). CONCLUSIONS FNAC is very useful in making a diagnosis of skin adnexal tumors and helps in the management of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Chand
- Department of Pathology, Dr. B.S. Ambedkar Hospital, New Delhi, India
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7
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Rooper LM, Iding JS, Cuda JD, Ali SZ. Atypical Hidradenoma Mimicking Primary Mammary Carcinoma on Breast Fine-Needle Aspiration: A Case Report with Long-Term Follow-Up. Acta Cytol 2016; 60:173-8. [PMID: 27010690 DOI: 10.1159/000445095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is well-established as an accurate technique for the diagnosis of palpable breast masses. While the differential diagnosis of such lesions usually focuses on benign or malignant mammary proliferations, a subset of breast neoplasms arises from skin and soft tissue. Skin adnexal neoplasms such as hidradenoma can pose a particular pitfall on breast FNA cytology (FNAC) as epithelial proliferations that are not of ductal or lobular origin. CASE A 59-year-old female presented with a superficial breast mass. FNAC revealed a hypercellular lesion with marked nuclear atypia that was highly suspicious for carcinoma. However, at partial mastectomy, the histological features of the tumor were consistent with atypical hidradenoma. Negativity for estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) confirmed the diagnosis. Eighteen years later, the patient remains free of recurrence or metastasis. CONCLUSIONS This report offers the first description of findings of atypical hidradenoma on FNAC. In the breast, its high cellularity and nuclear atypia can mimic a primary mammary carcinoma on FNAC. Although breast and skin adnexal tumors show a immunohistochemical overlap, negative ER and PR stains in a low-grade tumor can suggest a nonmammary lesion. Skin adnexal neoplasms should be considered in the differential diagnosis of superficial breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Rooper
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
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8
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Sehgal S, Agarwal R, Singh S, Goyal P. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of eccrine hidrocystoma. Cytojournal 2012; 9:6. [PMID: 22438860 PMCID: PMC3307209 DOI: 10.4103/1742-6413.93283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Sehgal
- Address: Department of Pathology, Swami Dayanand Hospital, Shahdara, New Delhi, India
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9
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Rekhi B, Ingle A, Patil B, Jambhekar NA. Cytomorphological spectrum of a nodular hidradenoma in a young girl presenting with an inguinal soft tissue mass. Cytopathology 2010; 22:135-7. [PMID: 20653720 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2303.2010.00792.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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10
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Gupta R, Singh S, Gupta K, Kudesia M. Clear-cell hidradenoma in a child: a diagnostic dilemma for the cytopathologist. Diagn Cytopathol 2009; 37:531-3. [PMID: 19459171 DOI: 10.1002/dc.21073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Primary cutaneous tumors are infrequently subjected to fine needle aspiration cytology. As a result, the cytological reports of skin adnexal tumors like hidradenoma are scarce in the available literature. A young boy with a painless nodule on forehead underwent fine needle aspiration. The smears showed clusters of epithelial cells containing blue cytoplasm, some of which had vacuolated cytoplasm with mild nuclear pleomorphism and occasional larger hyperchromatic nucleus. The cytological features, in conjunction with the clinical examination, suggested a skin appendageal tumor. Though nuclear pleomorphism and occasional larger nucleus posed a cytological diagnostic challenge, a diagnosis of benign appendageal tumor was suggested, considering the young age of the patient. This was later confirmed as a clear-cell hidradenoma on excision biopsy. The cytopathologist should consider skin appendageal tumors during evaluation of cutaneous nodules. An accurate diagnosis requires a close clinico-pathologic correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika Gupta
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciencesm, Delhi, India.
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11
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Handa U, Chhabra S, Mohan H. Epidermal inclusion cyst: cytomorphological features and differential diagnosis. Diagn Cytopathol 2009; 36:861-3. [PMID: 18855902 DOI: 10.1002/dc.20923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Aspirates from 162 epidermal inclusion cysts (EIC) from 157 patients were analyzed in order to elaborate on specific cytologic features. The most common site involved was the head and neck region (96 cases; 59.2%). The maximum patients were in the 3rd and 4th decades of life. Aspirates from EIC showed a clear background, with high cellularity, and nucleate and anucleate squames. Keratinous material was seen in some cases but the amount was less compared with the cellular elements. In 31 cases, a diagnosis of infected EIC was made on the basis of dense inflammatory infiltrate in addition to the squames. Histopathology was available in 56 cases out of which EIC was diagnosed in 45 cases. The remaining 11 cases were dermoid cyst (5 cases), branchial cyst (2 cases), pilomatricoma (2 cases), and sebaceous and thyroglossal cyst (1 case each). Thus, EIC should be differentiated from other squamous cell containing lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Handa
- Department of Pathology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
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Apocrine (cutaneous) sweat gland carcinoma of axilla with signet ring cells: A diagnostic dilemma on fine-needle aspiration cytology. Diagn Cytopathol 2008; 36:739-41. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.20889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Khurshid A, Yaqoob N, Devan HA, Pervez S. ‘Nuclear grooves’ in nodular hidradenoma: frequency and significance of an unrecognized histopatological feature. J Cutan Pathol 2007; 34:871-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2007.00743.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Gupta RK, Phang T, Lallu S, Naran S. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of pilomatrixoma of the arm and the role of cell block examination in the diagnosis. Diagn Cytopathol 2005; 32:61-2. [PMID: 15584041 DOI: 10.1002/dc.20177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Dey P, Jogai S, Amir T, Temim L. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of Merkel cell carcinoma. Diagn Cytopathol 2004; 31:364-5. [PMID: 15468120 DOI: 10.1002/dc.20165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Domanski HA, Gustafson P. Cytologic features of primary, recurrent, and metastatic dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. Cancer 2002; 96:351-61. [PMID: 12478683 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.10760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a low-grade spindle cell neoplasm involving both dermis and subcutis. Its diagnosis may be difficult to render from cytologic smears, as it shares some features with other spindle cell lesions occurring in the skin and soft tissue. METHODS Fourteen aspiration smears from 12 patients with primary, recurrent, or metastatic DFSP, examined by fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), were reviewed and compared with corresponding surgical specimens (13 aspirates) and clinical data (one aspirate). The cytologic features of DFSP were evaluated. Other spindle cell lesions in the differential diagnoses were discussed. RESULTS Unequivocal spindle cell sarcoma diagnoses were rendered in nine aspirates, six of which were labeled correctly as DFSP in the original reports. In three aspirates, the preoperative diagnoses were inconclusive with regard to whether the tumors were benign or malignant. Two aspirates were diagnosed erroneously as benign spindle cell lesions. Cytologic features included tight clusters of bland spindle cells embedded in a collagenous/fibrillar and, often, metachromatic matrix along with dissociated, uniform, or slightly atypical spindle cells or bare nuclei. Tissue fragments showing a storiform pattern and entrapped fat tissue, reported in previous series, were less characteristic, presenting in nine and seven aspirates, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Correct subtyping of DFSP in fine-needle aspiration smears can be difficult, due to its morphologic overlapping with other spindle cell lesions. A combination of cytology with ancillary studies and appropriate clinical information is crucial to establishing a correct diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryk A Domanski
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
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Wang J, Cobb CJ, Martin SE, Venegas R, Wu N, Greaves TS. Pilomatrixoma: clinicopathologic study of 51 cases with emphasis on cytologic features. Diagn Cytopathol 2002; 27:167-72. [PMID: 12203865 DOI: 10.1002/dc.10161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The clinical and pathologic features of 51 cases of pilomatrixoma found in our archives from 1990-1999 were reviewed, with emphasis on the cytopathologic features of the 22 cases that were sampled by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy prior to excision. Although uncommon, almost 20% of the pilomatrixomas in this series occurred in adults over age 30. Of the commonly reported features, the presence of basaloid cells and ghost cells in FNA smears, associated with a cutaneous location of the lesion, was sufficient for a confident cytologic diagnosis of pilomatrixoma. The presence of foreign body-type giant cells, nucleated squamous cells, and calcification, alone or in combination, was less specific, but supported a diagnosis of pilomatrixoma. Although infrequently reported, prominent nucleoli in basaloid cells and smears containing refractile keratin clumps were very useful clues in the diagnosis of pilomatrixoma. Finally, the routine use of cell blocks is recommended because in many of the cases presented ghost cells were fragmented or obscured in smears, but were more readily identified in cell block sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, University of California Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Torrance, California, USA
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18
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Domanski HA. Cytologic features of angioleiomyoma: cytologic-histologic study of 10 cases. Diagn Cytopathol 2002; 27:161-6. [PMID: 12203864 DOI: 10.1002/dc.10163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) features in 10 angioleiomyomas (ALM) were evaluated and correlated to histological features and clinical data. The tumors developed in the skin or subcutaneous tissue of the lower extremities (eight), the shoulder (one), and the lower arm (one). Eight tumors were painful or tender. Cytological specimens showed moderate or sparse cellularity. The most frequent findings were uniform spindle cells, seen in nine smears. In eight of these, the spindle cells were admixed with smooth muscle cells and fragments of collagenous tissue in varying proportions. The occurrence of macrophages and fat cells was less specific, being present in three of nine smears. One aspirate contained some "ganglion-like" cells and a multinucleated giant cell. Smears from ALM are not sufficiently characteristic to permit a histotype diagnosis, but together with typical clinical data (painful or tender nodule) may help to exclude other skin or subcutaneous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryk A Domanski
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, Lunds University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
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19
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Lemos MM, Kindblom LG, Meis-Kindblom JM, Ryd W, Willén H. Fine-needle aspiration features of pilomatrixoma. Cancer 2001; 93:252-6. [PMID: 11507698 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.9038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pilomatrixoma (PMX) is a benign skin neoplasm of hair matrix origin. The fine-needle aspiration (FNA) features of PMX frequently lead to a misdiagnosis of carcinoma. METHODS Nine cases of PMX in which a preoperative FNA was performed were reviewed. The cytologic features were compared with the histologic appearance of corresponding surgical specimens as well as with cytologic features of tumors that arose in the differential diagnosis. RESULTS Unequivocal benign diagnoses were rendered in three cases; the correct preoperative diagnosis of PMX was rendered in two of these cases and considered in an additional case. In four additional cases, carcinoma was diagnosed or could not be excluded. A noncommittal diagnosis of epithelial tumor, most likely of skin adnexal origin, was rendered in an additional single case. Retrospective review of the FNA smears in all nine instances disclosed cytologic features that corresponded well with the histologic components of PMX. Diagnostic cytologic features included cellular aspirates; clusters of small, primitive-appearing basaloid epithelial cells; a high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio; evenly dispersed chromatin; prominent nucleoli; pink, fibrillary material enveloping clusters of basaloid cells; multinucleated giant cells; and sheets of ghost cells. CONCLUSIONS The FNA cytologic diagnosis of PMX may be extremely difficult; its distinction from various primary cutaneous carcinomas is most problematic. Recognition of a unique constellation of cytologic features in FNA smears in the appropriate clinical context is most helpful in making this distinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Lemos
- Department of Pathology, Gothenburg University Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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20
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Abstract
Although basal cell carcinoma is the most common malignant skin tumor, it rarely metastasizes. Because of the infrequency of basal cell carcinoma metastases, the cytomorphologic findings have not been well documented. We retrospectively reviewed the cytologic findings of six cases of metastatic basal cell carcinoma from two patients. Five of these specimens were fine-needle aspiration biopsies, and one was a bronchial brush specimen. All cases were confirmed by and compared to either the concurrent tissue biopsy or to a previous surgical specimen. The microscopic findings of these specimens reveal tight clusters of cells with high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio. The nuclei were crowded and overlapping, and on Diff Quik stain, peripheral palisading of nuclei could be appreciated. The small hyperchromatic nuclei were round to oval with finely granular chromatin. Nucleoli were inconspicuous. Basophilic cytoplasm was scant with indistinct borders. Cytologic findings of basal cell carcinoma have not been well documented in the English literature. Our experience suggests that there are unique cytormorphologic features of metastatic basal cell carcinoma and that in the right setting such a diagnosis can be rendered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Henke
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242-1009, USA
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Daskalopoulou D, Galanopoulou A, Statiropoulou P, Papapetrou S, Pandazis I, Markidou S. Cytologically interesting cases of primary skin tumors and tumor-like conditions identified by fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Diagn Cytopathol 1998; 19:17-28. [PMID: 9664179 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0339(199807)19:1<17::aid-dc5>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study are to depict the special but constant cytomorphologic features which allow a distinction among grossly similar skin tumors and to show that cytological assessment of many uncommon skin lesions is possible. The fine-needle aspiration findings of 181 cytologically interesting cases of primary skin tumors selected from 2,301 primary skin lesions examined in our department from 1990-1995 are described. Seventy-five cases were cytologically reported as benign and 89 as malignant. In 17 cases the aspirated material was considered inconclusive, although some possible diagnoses could be supported. A subsequent histological examination followed the cytologic assessment in all cases. Fine-needle aspiration cytology identified uncommon cutaneous cystic lesions (bronchogenic, dermoid, myxoid), benign and malignant tumors of epidermal appendages such as chondroid syringomas, cylindromas, pilomatrixomas, sebacecous carcinoma, and primary adenoid cystic carcinoma, as well as tumors of the dermis and subcutaneous fat. Primary cutaneous lymphomas were also diagnosed and classified morphologically and immunocytochemically. In our diagnoses of uncommon skin tumors new cytologic criteria were created and utilized and are described in this report in detail.
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Collins BT, Elmberger PG, Tani EM, Bjornhagen V, Ramos RR. Fine-needle aspiration of Merkel cell carcinoma of the skin with cytomorphology and immunocytochemical correlation. Diagn Cytopathol 1998; 18:251-7. [PMID: 9557258 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0339(199804)18:4<251::aid-dc1>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) of the skin is a rare, primary malignant skin neoplasm which can present as a cutaneous nodule. These neoplasms are seen primarily in the elderly and located in the head and neck area or extremities. Twenty-nine aspirates from primary and metastatic lesions obtained by percutaneous fine-needle aspiration in 19 patients have been studied. The cytomorphologic features, clinical information, and immunocytochemical (ICC) findings are detailed. Aspirate smears demonstrated small-to-intermediate-sized cells with a loosely cohesive pattern. Nuclei were round with finely granular chromatin and multiple, small nucleoli. Cells possessed a thin rim of cytoplasm, and infrequent pseudorosette formations were noted in cell groups. ICC results were universally positive for cytokeratin, which showed a paranuclear "dot-like" pattern. Neuron-specific enolase, epithelial membrane antigen, and S-100 protein were positive in varying degrees. Leukocyte common antigen was universally negative. The diagnosis of MCC of the skin by FNA can be made by applying cytologic features in addition to ancillary studies and clinical information.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Collins
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Missouri.
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