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Karimi M, Shiraseb F, Mofidi M, Khadem A, Ebrahimi S, Mirzaei K. The association between dietary diabetic risk reduction score with anthropometric and body composition variables in overweight and obese women: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8130. [PMID: 37208390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33375-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary diabetes risk reduction score (DDRRs) is inversely associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Given the importance of the association between body fat and insulin resistance and the effect of diet on these parameters, this study aimed to investigate the association between DDRRS and body composition parameters, including the visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), and skeletal muscle mass (SMM). This study was conducted on 291 overweight and obese women aged 18-48 years old recruited from 20 Tehran Health Centers in 2018. The anthropometric indices, biochemical parameters, and body composition were measured. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to calculate DDRRs. Linear regression analysis was used to examine the association between DDRRs and body composition indicators. The mean (SD) age of participants was 36.67 (9.10) years. After adjustment for potential confounders, VAI (β = 0.27, 95% CI = - 0.73, 1.27, Ptrend = 0.052), LAP (β = 8.14, 95% CI = - 10.54, 26.82, Ptrend = 0.069), TF (β = - 1.41, 95% CI = 11.45, 17.30, Ptrend = 0.027), trunk fat percent (TF%) (β = - 21.55, 95% CI = - 44.51, 1.61, Ptrend = 0.074), body fat mass (BFM) (β = - 3.26, 95% CI = - 6.08, - 0.44, Ptrend = 0.026), visceral fat area (VFA) (β = - 45.75, 95% CI = - 86.10, - 5.41, Ptrend = 0.026), waist-to-hip ratio (WHtR) (β = - 0.014, 95% CI = - 0.031, 0.004, Ptrend = 0.066), visceral fat level (VFL) (β = - 0.38, 95% CI = - 5.89, 5.12, Ptrend = 0.064), fat mass index (FMI) (β = - 1.15, 95% CI = - 2.28, - 0.02, Ptrend = 0.048) decreased significantly over tertiles of DDRRs, and also there was no significant association between SMM and DDRRs tertiles (β = - 0.57, 95% CI = - 1.69, 0.53, Ptrend = 0.322). The findings of this study demonstrated that participants with higher adherence to the DDRRs had lower VAI (β = 0.78 vs 0.27) and LAP (β = 20.73 vs 8.14). However, there was no significant association between DDRRs and VAI, LAP and SMM, which are mentioned as the primary outcomes. Future studies with larger sample of both genders are needed to investigate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Karimi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Shiraseb
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mofidi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Khadem
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ebrahimi
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
- Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Sala-Vila A, Fleming J, Kris-Etherton P, Ros E. Impact of α-Linolenic Acid, the Vegetable ω-3 Fatty Acid, on Cardiovascular Disease and Cognition. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:1584-1602. [PMID: 35170723 PMCID: PMC9526859 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the evidence of the health benefits of plant-based diets and long-chain n-3 (ω-3) fatty acids, there is keen interest in better understanding the role of α-linolenic acid (ALA), a plant-derived n-3 fatty acid, on cardiometabolic diseases and cognition. There is increasing evidence for ALA largely based on its major food sources (i.e., walnuts and flaxseed); however, this lags behind our understanding of long-chain n-3 fatty acids. Meta-analyses of observational studies have shown that increasing dietary ALA is associated with a 10% lower risk of total cardiovascular disease and a 20% reduced risk of fatal coronary heart disease. Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) [AlphaOmega trial, Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) trial, and Lyon Diet Heart Study] all showed benefits of diets high in ALA on cardiovascular-related outcomes, but the AlphaOmega trial, designed to specifically evaluate ALA effects, only showed a trend for benefit. RCTs have shown that dietary ALA reduced total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood pressure, and epidemiologic studies and some trials also have shown an anti-inflammatory effect of ALA, which collectively account for, in part, the cardiovascular benefits of ALA. A meta-analysis reported a trend toward diabetes risk reduction with both dietary and biomarker ALA. For metabolic syndrome and obesity, the evidence for ALA benefits is inconclusive. The role of ALA in cognition is in the early stages but shows promising evidence of counteracting cognitive impairment. Much has been learned about the health benefits of ALA and with additional research we will be better positioned to make strong evidence-based dietary recommendations for the reduction of many chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Fleming
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Penny Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Emilio Ros
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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Story MJ. Essential sufficiency of zinc, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin D and magnesium for prevention and treatment of COVID-19, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, lung diseases and cancer. Biochimie 2021; 187:94-109. [PMID: 34082041 PMCID: PMC8166046 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the development of a number of vaccines for COVID-19, there remains a need for prevention and treatment of the virus SARS-CoV-2 and the ensuing disease COVID-19. This report discusses the key elements of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 that can be readily treated: viral entry, the immune system and inflammation, and the cytokine storm. It is shown that the essential nutrients zinc, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), vitamin D and magnesium provide the ideal combination for prevention and treatment of COVID-19: prevention of SARS-CoV-2 entry to host cells, prevention of proliferation of SARS-CoV-2, inhibition of excessive inflammation, improved control of the regulation of the immune system, inhibition of the cytokine storm, and reduction in the effects of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and associated non-communicable diseases. It is emphasized that the non-communicable diseases associated with COVID-19 are inherently more prevalent in the elderly than the young, and that the maintenance of sufficiency of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs, vitamin D and magnesium is essential for the elderly to prevent the occurrence of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, lung diseases and cancer. Annual checking of levels of these essential nutrients is recommended for those over 65 years of age, together with appropriate adjustments in their intake, with these services and supplies being at government cost. The cost:benefit ratio would be huge as the cost of the nutrients and the testing of their levels would be very small compared with the cost savings of specialists and hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Story
- Story Pharmaceutics Pty Ltd, PO Box 6086, Linden Park, South Australia, 5065, Australia.
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Saberi Hosnijeh F, Casabonne D, Nieters A, Solans M, Naudin S, Ferrari P, Mckay JD, Benavente Y, Weiderpass E, Freisling H, Severi G, Boutron Ruault M, Besson C, Agnoli C, Masala G, Sacerdote C, Tumino R, Huerta JM, Amiano P, Rodriguez‐Barranco M, Bonet C, Barricarte A, Christakoudi S, Knuppel A, Bueno‐de‐Mesquita B, Schulze MB, Kaaks R, Canzian F, Späth F, Jerkeman M, Rylander C, Tjønneland A, Olsen A, Borch KB, Vermeulen R. Association between anthropometry and lifestyle factors and risk of B-cell lymphoma: An exposome-wide analysis. Int J Cancer 2021; 148:2115-2128. [PMID: 33128820 PMCID: PMC8048490 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the role of individual and lifestyle factors in human disease, an exposome-wide association study was performed to investigate within a single-study anthropometry measures and lifestyle factors previously associated with B-cell lymphoma (BCL). Within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition study, 2402 incident BCL cases were diagnosed from 475 426 participants that were followed-up on average 14 years. Standard and penalized Cox regression models as well as principal component analysis (PCA) were used to evaluate 84 exposures in relation to BCL risk. Standard and penalized Cox regression models showed a positive association between anthropometric measures and BCL and multiple myeloma/plasma cell neoplasm (MM). The penalized Cox models additionally showed the association between several exposures from categories of physical activity, smoking status, medical history, socioeconomic position, diet and BCL and/or the subtypes. PCAs confirmed the individual associations but also showed additional observations. The PC5 including anthropometry, was positively associated with BCL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and MM. There was a significant positive association between consumption of sugar and confectionary (PC11) and follicular lymphoma risk, and an inverse association between fish and shellfish and Vitamin D (PC15) and DLBCL risk. The PC1 including features of the Mediterranean diet and diet with lower inflammatory score showed an inverse association with BCL risk, while the PC7, including dairy, was positively associated with BCL and DLBCL risk. Physical activity (PC10) was positively associated with DLBCL risk among women. This study provided informative insights on the etiology of BCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Saberi Hosnijeh
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Delphine Casabonne
- Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, IDIBELLCatalan Institute of OncologyBadalonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
| | - Alexandra Nieters
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Faculty of Medicine and Medical CenterUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Marta Solans
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS)University of GironaGironaSpain
| | - Sabine Naudin
- Nutritional Methodology and Biostatistics Group, International Agency for Research on CancerWorld Health OrganizationLyonFrance
| | - Pietro Ferrari
- Nutritional Methodology and Biostatistics Group, International Agency for Research on CancerWorld Health OrganizationLyonFrance
| | - James D. Mckay
- Section of GeneticsInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Yolanda Benavente
- Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, IDIBELLCatalan Institute of OncologyBadalonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
| | | | - Heinz Freisling
- Nutritional Methodology and Biostatistics Group, International Agency for Research on CancerWorld Health OrganizationLyonFrance
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Université Paris‐Saclay, UVSQCESP U1018 INSERMVillejuifFrance
- Gustave RoussyVillejuifFrance
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science, Applications “G. Parenti”University of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | | | - Caroline Besson
- Université Paris‐Saclay, UVSQCESP U1018 INSERMVillejuifFrance
- UFR sciences de la santéUniversité Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Université Paris‐Saclay, Communaute Paris‐Saclay (Carol)Saint‐AubinFrance
- Versailles Hospital, Unit of Hematology–OncologyLe ChesnayFrance
| | - Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei TumoriMilanItaly
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life‐Style Epidemiology UnitInstitute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network—ISPROFlorenceItaly
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University‐Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO)TurinItaly
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology DepartmentAzienda Sanitaria ProvincialeRagusaItaly
| | - José María Huerta
- Department of EpidemiologyMurcia Regional Health Council, IMIB‐ArrixacaMurciaSpain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud PúblicaMadridSpain
| | - Miguel Rodriguez‐Barranco
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP)GranadaSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADAGranadaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
| | - Catalina Bonet
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology—ICO, Nutrition and Cancer Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute—IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
| | - Aurelio Barricarte
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- Navarra Public Health InstitutePamplonaSpain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA)PamplonaSpain
| | - Sofia Christakoudi
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsImperial College LondonLondonUK
- MRC Centre for TransplantationKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Anika Knuppel
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Bas Bueno‐de‐Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Medical CentreUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Matthias B. Schulze
- Department of Molecular EpidemiologyGerman Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam‐RehbrueckeNuthetalGermany
- Institute of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of PotsdamNuthetalGermany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer EpidemiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Federico Canzian
- Research Group Genomic EpidemiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Florentin Späth
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology and Cancer center, Department of HematologyUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Mats Jerkeman
- Department of OncologyLund UniversityLundSweden
- Department of OncologySkane University HospitalLundSweden
| | | | - Anne Tjønneland
- Department of Public HealthUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Danish Cancer Society Research CenterCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Anja Olsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research CenterCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Roel Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary CareUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
- MRC‐PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsImperial College LondonLondonUK
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The Healthy Gluten-Free Diet: Practical Tips to Prevent Metabolic Disorders and Nutritional Deficiencies in Celiac Patients. GASTROENTEROLOGY INSIGHTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/gastroent12020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The gluten-free diet (GFD) is the cornerstone treatment for coeliac disease (CD). However, a healthy GFD is more complex than the only exclusion of gluten-containing foods. Most celiac patients do not receive nutritional advice and tend to consume industrial gluten-free products (GFPs), which often lack fiber, vitamins, and other micronutrients while being rich in saturated fats and refined sugars. This review focuses on the main potential metabolic disorders and nutritional deficiencies in CD patients at diagnosis and dissects the main nutritional and metabolic issues due to a non-balanced GFD. Nutritional tips to achieve an adequate dietary approach in CD are provided. We also compared the main nutritional components of naturally gluten-free cereals (including pseudocereals) to give an exhaustive overview of the possible healthy alternatives to processed GFPs. Clinicians and dietitians should be systematically involved in the diagnosis of CD to monitor the appropriateness of GFD and the patient’s nutritional status over time.
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Monnard CR, Dulloo AG. Polyunsaturated fatty acids as modulators of fat mass and lean mass in human body composition regulation and cardiometabolic health. Obes Rev 2021; 22 Suppl 2:e13197. [PMID: 33471425 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It is now recognized that the amount and type of dietary fat consumed play an important role in metabolic health. In humans, high intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been associated with reductions in cardiovascular disease risk, improvements in glucose homeostasis, and changes in body composition that involve reductions in central adiposity and, more recently, increases in lean body mass. There is also emerging evidence, which suggests that high intakes of the plant-based essential fatty acids (ePUFAs)-n-6 linoleic acid (LA) and n-3 α-linolenic acid (ALA)-have a greater impact on body composition (fat mass and lean mass) and on glucose homeostasis than the marine-derived long-chain n-3 PUFA-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). In addition, high intake of both ePUFAs (LA and ALA) may also have anti-inflammatory effects in humans. The purpose of this review is to highlight the emerging evidence, from both epidemiological prospective studies and clinical intervention trials, of a role for PUFA, in particular ePUFA, in the long-term regulation of body weight and body composition, and their impact on cardiometabolic health. It also discusses current notions about the mechanisms by which PUFAs modulate fat mass and lean mass through altered control of energy intake, thermogenesis, or lean-fat partitioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathriona R Monnard
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular System, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Abdul G Dulloo
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular System, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Potential Cardiovascular and Metabolic Beneficial Effects of ω-3 PUFA in Male Obesity Secondary Hypogonadism Syndrome. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092519. [PMID: 32825328 PMCID: PMC7551945 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are fundamental biocomponents of lipids and cell membranes. They are involved in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and they are able to exert anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective actions. Thanks to their potential beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, metabolic axis and body composition, we have examined their action in subjects affected by male obesity secondary hypogonadism (MOSH) syndrome. MOSH syndrome is characterized by the presence of obesity associated with the alteration of sexual and metabolic functions. Therefore, this review article aims to analyze scientific literature regarding the possible benefits of ω-3 PUFA administration in subjects affected by MOSH syndrome. We conclude that there are strong evidences supporting ω-3 PUFA administration and/or supplementation for the treatment and management of MOSH patients.
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Suara SB, Siassi F, Saaka M, Foroshani AR, Asadi S, Sotoudeh G. Dietary fat quantity and quality in relation to general and abdominal obesity in women: a cross-sectional study from Ghana. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:67. [PMID: 32276629 PMCID: PMC7149837 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01227-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although relationships between obesity and total fat and fat types have been widely examined, the associations between the relative proportions of fatty acids calculated in the form of indices and obesity/overweight are lacking. The objective of this study was to assess associations between dietary fat quality indices and odds of obesity/overweight in women from Ghana. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, dietary information was obtained using 24-h dietary recall. The odds of obesity were evaluated across quintiles of specific DFQ indices [atherogenicity index (AI), thrombogenic index (TI), hypo- and hypercholesterolemic fatty acids ratio (h/H), omega-3 to omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio (∑ω-3/∑ω-6), polyunsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids ratio (PSR), dietary lipophilic index (LI) and percentage of energy from total fat (TF)]. RESULTS After adjustment for covariates, general obesity and overweight were inversely associated with ∑ω-3/∑ω-6 ratio (OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.24-1.63; P for trend (P) = 0.005) and positively with TI (4.14; 95% CI: 1.78-9.66; P = 0.01) and LI (2.49; 95% CI: 1.14-5.43; P = 0.01). The odds of abdominal obesity based on waist circumference (WC) were significantly higher among participants in the fifth quintile (Q) compared with those in the first Q of AI (1.24; 95% CI: 0.56-2.74; P = 0.01), TI (4.14; 95% CI: 1.78-9.66; P = 0.009), LI (2.11; 95% CI: 0.98-4.55; P = 0.02) and TF (1.59; 95% CI: (0.73-3.46; P = 0.003). Similarly, waist to height ratio (WHtR) was positively associated with AI (2.89; 95% CI: 1.32-6.31; P = 0.04), TI (2.65; 95% CI: 1.22-5.76; P = 0.03), LI (3.32; 95% CI: 1.52-7.28; P = 0.007) and TF (1.83; 95% CI: 0.85-3.93; P = 0.009). CONCLUSION There was an inverse association between ∑ω-3/∑ω-6 ratio and general obesity and WC. We also found positive associations between abdominal obesity and AI and TF. Furthermore, TI and LI showed positive relationships with both general and abdominal obesity. Therefore, intake of dietary fatty acids in favor of higher ratios of ∑ω-3/∑ω-6 may be important in obesity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufyan Bakuri Suara
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Number 21, Dameshgh St. Vali-e Asr Ave., Tehran, 1416753955, Iran
| | - Fereydoun Siassi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Hojatdost street, Naderi street, Keshavarz Blv, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahama Saaka
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Post Office Box 1350, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Abbas Rahimi Foroshani
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sara Asadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Hojatdost street, Naderi street, Keshavarz Blv, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gity Sotoudeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Hojatdost street, Naderi street, Keshavarz Blv, Tehran, Iran.
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Peng Y, Ren H, Tao H, He C, Li P, Wan JB, Su H. Metabolomics study of the anti-inflammatory effects of endogenous omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. RSC Adv 2019; 9:41903-41912. [PMID: 35541572 PMCID: PMC9076520 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08356a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-grade inflammation is usually defined as the chronic production and a low-grade state of inflammatory factors, it often does not have symptoms, and has been associated with neurodegenerative disease, obesity, and diabetes. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are the precursors of many anti-inflammatory metabolites, such as resolvins and neuroprotectins. It is of interest to study the metabolic profile of endogenous n-3 PUFAs in low-grade inflammatory conditions. To evaluate the protective effects of endogenous n-3 PUFAs on low-grade inflammation with the metabolomics approach, we fed fat-1 mice with an n-6 PUFAs rich diet for a long time to induce a low-grade inflammatory condition. Multi-analysis techniques, including structural analysis using quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry with MSE mode, were applied in untargeted metabolomics to search for meaningful metabolites with significant variance in fat-1 mice under low-grade inflammation. Following the untargeted metabolomics screening, several meaningful metabolites were selected which were associated with anti-inflammatory effects generated from endogenous n-3 PUFAs for further analysis. The results revealed that the purine metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and oxidative stress response pathways through insulin resistance were involved in anti-inflammatory mechanisms of n-3 PUFA in low-grade inflammatory conditions. For the first time, this study explored the highlighted pathways as contributors to the anti-inflammatory effects of endogenous n-3 PUFAs in low-grade inflammatory conditions. Low-grade inflammation is usually defined as the chronic production and a low-grade state of inflammatory factors, it often does not have symptoms, and has been associated with neurodegenerative disease, obesity, and diabetes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Taipa Macau China
| | - Huixia Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Taipa Macau China
| | - Hongxun Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Taipa Macau China
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Taipa Macau China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Taipa Macau China
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Taipa Macau China
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Taipa Macau China
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Duarte CK, dos Santos ALT, Kirst C, Nunes GDS, de Franceschi K, de Azevedo MJ, Zelmanovitz T. Dietary source of saturated fat and percentage body fat of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:195-204. [PMID: 30680173 PMCID: PMC6341160 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of dietary fat on the body fat of patients with diabetes is not well established. This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the association between percentage body fat (PBF) and dietary sources of fat from the usual diet of patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Outpatients were submitted to PBF evaluation estimated by bioelectrical impedance. The patient's usual diet was assessed by a 3-day weighed diet record (WDR), and compliance was analyzed by comparing the protein intake estimated from the WDR and that from 24-hr urinary nitrogen output. RESULTS A total of 188 patients with type 2 diabetes (aged 62.5 ± 8.8 years; 57% female, body mass index [BMI] 29.3 ± 3.8 kg/m²) were analyzed and divided into groups with high and low PBF according to mean PBF (men: 26.6 ± 7.1%; women: 39.8 ± 5.9%). Patients with high PBF consumed an increased proportion of red meat (52.0% of total meat), processed meat (5.4%), and saturated fat from red meat (2.1% of energy) compared to low PBF individuals (42.3% [p = 0.036]; 3.0% [p = 0.010]; 1.5% of energy [p = 0.032], respectively). According to Poisson's regression, the consumption of red meat (PR = 1.008 [95% CI = 1.002-1.013]; p = 0.006) and the reuse of frying oil (PR = 1.670 [95% CI = 1.240-2.249]; p = 0.001) were associated with higher PBF. In the adjusted analysis, the upper tertile of processed meat intake was associated with higher PBF (PR = 1.522 [95% CI = 1.226-1.891]; p = 0.001) compared to the lower tertile. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggested that a higher ingestion of dietary sources of saturated fat was associated with high PBF in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Kümmel Duarte
- Nutrition Departament of Escola de EnfermagemUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrasil
- Endocrine Unit of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegreUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
| | | | - Claudia Kirst
- Endocrine Unit of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegreUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
| | - Graziela da S. Nunes
- Endocrine Unit of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegreUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
| | - Karine de Franceschi
- Endocrine Unit of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegreUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
| | - Mirela Jobim de Azevedo
- Endocrine Unit of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegreUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
| | - Themis Zelmanovitz
- Endocrine Unit of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegreUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
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Torres-Castillo N, Silva-Gómez JA, Campos-Perez W, Barron-Cabrera E, Hernandez-Cañaveral I, Garcia-Cazarin M, Marquez-Sandoval Y, Gonzalez-Becerra K, Barron-Gallardo C, Martinez-Lopez E. High Dietary ω-6:ω-3 PUFA Ratio Is Positively Associated with Excessive Adiposity and Waist Circumference. Obes Facts 2018; 11:344-353. [PMID: 30092569 PMCID: PMC6189529 DOI: 10.1159/000492116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze dietary ω-6:ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio and its association with adiposity and serum adiponectin levels in a Mexican population. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, individuals with a BMI ≥ 18.5 kg/m2, were classified using four methods to measure adiposity. Parameters of body composition were measured by InBody 3.0. Diet intake was evaluated prospectively using a 3-day written food record. Serum high-molecular weight adiponectin isoform was measured using an ELISA assay. Biochemical and adiposity variables were analyzed by tertiles of dietary ω-6:ω-3 PUFA ratio. RESULTS A total of 170 subjects were recruited with a mean age of 36.9 ± 11.8 years. The 73.5% of subjects were women. Subjects in the higher tertile of dietary ω-6:ω-3 PUFA ratio had more adiposity and higher levels of triglycerides, VLDL-c, glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR than those in the first tertile (p < 0.05). Adiponectin levels showed a trend according to dietary ω-6:ω-3 PUFA ratio (p = 0.06). A linear regression model showed that waist circumference, insulin, and HOMA-IR have positive associations with dietary ω-6:ω-3 PUFA ratio. CONCLUSION This study suggests that high dietary ω-6:ω-3 PUFA ratio is positively associated with excessive adiposity and worse metabolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaly Torres-Castillo
- Medical Molecular Biology Service, “Fray Antonio Alcalde” Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Jorge Antonio Silva-Gómez
- Medical Molecular Biology Service, “Fray Antonio Alcalde” Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Wendy Campos-Perez
- Medical Molecular Biology Service, “Fray Antonio Alcalde” Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Elisa Barron-Cabrera
- Medical Molecular Biology Service, “Fray Antonio Alcalde” Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Ivan Hernandez-Cañaveral
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Mary Garcia-Cazarin
- Office of Disease Prevention, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yolanda Marquez-Sandoval
- Department of Human Reproduction and Child Growth and Development, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Karina Gonzalez-Becerra
- Medical Molecular Biology Service, “Fray Antonio Alcalde” Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Carlos Barron-Gallardo
- Medical Molecular Biology Service, “Fray Antonio Alcalde” Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Erika Martinez-Lopez
- Medical Molecular Biology Service, “Fray Antonio Alcalde” Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
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12
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Zahradka P, Neumann S, Aukema HM, Taylor CG. Adipocyte lipid storage and adipokine production are modulated by lipoxygenase-derived oxylipins generated from 18-carbon fatty acids. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 88:23-30. [PMID: 28465089 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Generation of oxylipins (oxygenated metabolites of fatty acids) by lipoxygenases may be responsible for the beneficial effects of 20- and 22-carbon n-3 fatty acids on adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity, but the potential actions of oxylipins derived from 18-carbon fatty acids, which are generally at higher levels in the diet, are unknown. We therefore compared the effects of select lipoxygenase-derived oxylipins produced from α-linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3 n-3), linoleic acid (LA, C18:2 n-6), and arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4 n-6) on key adipocyte functions that are altered in obesity. Individual oxylipins were added to the culture medium of differentiating 3T3-L1 preadipocytes for 6days. Lipid accumulation was subsequently determined by Oil Red O staining, while Western blotting was used to measure levels of proteins associated with lipid metabolism and characteristics of adipocyte functionality. Addition of all oxylipins at 30nM was sufficient to significantly decrease triglyceride accumulation in lipid droplets, and higher levels completely blocked lipid production. Our results establish that lipoxygenase-derived oxylipins produced from 18-carbon PUFA differentially affect multiple adipocyte processes associated with lipid storage and adipokine production. However, these effects are not due to the oxylipins blocking adipocyte maturation and thus globally suppressing all adipocyte characteristics. Furthermore, these oxylipin species decrease the lipid content of adipocytes regardless from which precursor fatty acid or lipoxygenase they were derived. Consequently, adipocyte characteristics can be altered through the ability of oxylipins to selectively modulate levels of proteins involved in both lipid metabolism and adipokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Zahradka
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Canada; Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada.
| | - Shannon Neumann
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Harold M Aukema
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Carla G Taylor
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Canada; Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
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13
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Han TJ, Li JS, Luan XT, Wang L, Xu HZ. Dietary Fat Consumption and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Risk: A Meta-analysis. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:221-228. [PMID: 28094569 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1263753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many studies suggest that high-fat diets are linked to the etiology of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). However, the findings are inconsistent and therefore the association between fat and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma remains unclear. In this study, we aim to quantitatively assess the association between fat consumption and the risk for NHL. METHODS We reviewed 221 published cohort and case-control studies that reported relative risk (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of NHL and fat intake using PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases. A random-effects model computed summary risk estimates. RESULTS Based on our literature search, 10 of 221 studies (two cohort and eight case-control studies) were relevant to this meta-analysis. There was a significant association between total fat consumption and increased risk of NHL (RR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.12-1.42); in addition, subgroup analysis showed a significant correlation with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (RR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.08-1.84) but not with follicular lymphoma (RR = 1.21; 95% CI: 0.97-1.52), small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia (RR = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.68-1.23), nor with T cell lymphoma (RR = 1.12; 95% CI: 0.60-2.09). The funnel plot revealed no evidence for publication bias. CONCLUSION Total fat consumption, particularly animal fat, increases the risk for NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Jie Han
- a Department of Hematology , Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University , Tai'an , China.,b Department of Hematology , Tai'an Central Hospital , Tai'an , China
| | - Jun-Shan Li
- c Department of Gastroenterology , Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University , Tai'an , China
| | - Xiao-Tian Luan
- d Department of Pathology , Tai'an Central Hospital , Tai'an , China
| | - Ling Wang
- b Department of Hematology , Tai'an Central Hospital , Tai'an , China
| | - Hong-Zhi Xu
- a Department of Hematology , Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University , Tai'an , China
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14
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Eide IA, Åsberg A, Svensson M, Ueland T, Mollnes TE, Hartmann A, Bjerve KS, Michelsen A, Aukrust P, Christensen JH, Schmidt EB, Jenssen T. Plasma Levels of Marine n-3 Fatty Acids Are Inversely Correlated With Proinflammatory Markers sTNFR1 and IL-6 in Renal Transplant Recipients. J Ren Nutr 2016; 27:161-168. [PMID: 27838193 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) exert potential anti-inflammatory effects and might improve long-term outcomes after renal transplantation. We assessed associations between plasma phospholipid levels of marine n-3 PUFAs and plasma inflammatory biomarkers 10 weeks after renal transplantation. DESIGN Cross-sectional single-center study. SUBJECTS A study population of 861 renal transplant recipients transplanted at Oslo University Hospital between 2007 and 2011. METHODS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Plasma phospholipid fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography. Marine n-3 PUFA levels were defined as the sum of eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid levels in weight percentage of total plasma phospholipid fatty acids. Plasma inflammatory biomarkers were measured by enzyme immunoassays. We used multivariable linear regression analysis to assess associations between levels of marine n-3 PUFAs and inflammatory biomarkers in plasma. RESULTS Plasma marine n-3 PUFA levels were inversely associated with plasma levels of proinflammatory biomarkers soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (standardized regression coefficient -0.11, P < .001) and interleukin-6 (standardized regression coefficient -0.09, P = .01). In contrast, there was no association between plasma levels of marine n-3 PUFAs and the anti-inflammatory mediator interleukin-10. CONCLUSIONS In this renal transplant cohort, inverse associations between plasma levels of marine n-3 PUFAs and markers of inflammation were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivar A Eide
- Department of Transplant Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Anders Åsberg
- The Norwegian Renal Registry, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - My Svensson
- Department of Renal Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertice Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tom E Mollnes
- K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertice Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway; Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders Hartmann
- Department of Transplant Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian S Bjerve
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Annika Michelsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Erik B Schmidt
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Trond Jenssen
- Department of Transplant Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Metabolic and Renal Research Group, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Fontes JD, Rahman F, Lacey S, Larson MG, Vasan RS, Benjamin EJ, Harris WS, Robins SJ. Red blood cell fatty acids and biomarkers of inflammation: a cross-sectional study in a community-based cohort. Atherosclerosis 2015; 240:431-6. [PMID: 25897795 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammation and inflammatory biomarkers have emerged as integral components and predictors of incident cardiovascular (CV) disease. Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (EPA and DHA) have anti-inflammatory properties, and have been variably associated with lower blood pressure, favorable blood lipid changes, and reduced CV events. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined the cross-sectional association of red blood cell (RBC) fatty acids, representative of body membrane fatty acid composition, with 10 biomarkers active in multiple inflammatory pathways in 2724 participants (mean age 66 ± 9 years, 54% women, 8% minorities) from the Framingham Offspring and minority Omni Cohorts. After multivariable adjustment, the RBC EPA and DHA content was inversely correlated (all P ≤ 0.001) with 8 biomarkers: urinary isoprostanes (r = -0.16); and soluble interleukin-6 (r = -0.10); C-reactive protein (r = -0.08); tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (r = -0.08); intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (r = -0.08); P-selectin (r = -0.06); lipoprotein-associated phospholipase-A2 mass (r = -0.11) and activity (r = -0.08). The correlations for monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was -0.05, P = 0.006 and osteoprotegerin (r = -0.06, P = 0.002) were only nominally significant. CONCLUSION In our large community-based study, we observed modest inverse associations between several types of inflammatory biomarkers with RBC omega-3 fatty acid levels. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- João D Fontes
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Department of Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Faisal Rahman
- Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Sean Lacey
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Martin G Larson
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Department of Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Epidemiology Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Department of Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Epidemiology Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William S Harris
- Department of Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, and OmegaQuant Analytics, LLC, 5009 W. 12th St, Ste 8, Sioux Falls, SD 57106, USA.
| | - Sander J Robins
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Department of Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Saraf-Bank S, Esmaillzadeh A, Faghihimani E, Azadbakht L. Effect of non-soy legume consumption on inflammation and serum adiponectin levels among first-degree relatives of patients with diabetes: A randomized, crossover study. Nutrition 2015; 31:459-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3) supplementation on some cardiovascular risk factors with a ketogenic Mediterranean diet. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:996-1009. [PMID: 25689563 PMCID: PMC4344614 DOI: 10.3390/md13020996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: the ketogenic diet (KD) has become a widely used nutritional approach for weight loss. Some of the KD’s positive effects on metabolism and cardiovascular risk factors are similar to those seen after n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3) supplementation. We hypothesized that a ketogenic Mediterranean diet with phytoextracts combined with ω-3 supplementation may have increased positive effects on cardiovascular risk factors and inflammation. Methods: We analyzed 34 male overweight subjects; aged between 25 and 65 years who were overall healthy apart from overweight. The subjects followed a ketogenic diet protocol for four weeks; with (KDO3) or without (KD) ω-3 supplementation. Results: All subjects experienced a significant loss of body weight and body fat and there was no significant differences between treatment (body weight: KD—4.7 kg, KDO3—4.03 kg, body fat KD—5.41 kg, KDO3—5.86 kg). There were also significant decreases in total cholesterol, LDL-c, and glucose levels. Triglycerides and insulin levels decreased more in KDO3 vs. KD subjects, with a significant difference. All the investigated inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) decreased significantly in KDO3 subjects whilst only TNF-α showed a significant decrease in KD subjects over the 12 month study period. No significant changes were observed in anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and IL-1Ra), creatinine, urea and uric acid. Adiponectin increased significantly only in the KDO3 group. Conclusions: ω-3 supplementation improved the positive effects of a ketogenic Mediterranean diet with phytoextracts on some cardiovascular/metabolic risk factors and inflammatory state.
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Arrigo T, Leonardi S, Cuppari C, Manti S, Lanzafame A, D’Angelo G, Gitto E, Marseglia L, Salpietro C. Role of the diet as a link between oxidative stress and liver diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:384-95. [PMID: 25593454 PMCID: PMC4292270 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i2.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen (free radicals) and the body's ability (antioxidant capacity) to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or easily repair the resulting damage. An adequate diet, characterized by daily intake of foods associated with improvements in the total antioxidant capacity of individuals and reduced incidence of diseases related to oxidation, can modulate the degree of oxidative stress. In fact, diet-derived micronutrients may be direct antioxidants, or are components of antioxidant enzymes, leading to improvement of some indicators of hepatic function. However, although their increased dietary intake might be beneficial, literature data are still controversial. This review summarizes what is known about the effects of diet nutrients on oxidative stress, inflammation and liver function. Moreover, we have analyzed: (1) the main nutritional components involved in the production and/or removal of free radicals; and (2) the role of free radicals in the pathogenesis of several hepatic diseases and related comorbidities.
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