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Gao Y, Zhang L, Zhang F, Liu R, Liu L, Li X, Zhu X, Liang Y. Traditional Chinese medicine and its active substances reduce vascular injury in diabetes via regulating autophagic activity. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1355246. [PMID: 38505420 PMCID: PMC10949535 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1355246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to its high prevalence, poor prognosis, and heavy burden on healthcare costs, diabetic vascular complications have become a significant public health issue. Currently, the molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying diabetes-induced vascular complications remain incompletely understood. Autophagy, a highly conserved process of lysosomal degradation, maintains intracellular homeostasis and energy balance via removing protein aggregates, damaged organelles, and exogenous pathogens. Increasing evidence suggests that dysregulated autophagy may contribute to vascular abnormalities in various types of blood vessels, including both microvessels and large vessels, under diabetic conditions. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) possesses the characteristics of "multiple components, multiple targets and multiple pathways," and its safety has been demonstrated, particularly with minimal toxicity in liver and kidney. Thus, TCM has gained increasing attention from researchers. Moreover, recent studies have indicated that Chinese herbal medicine and its active compounds can improve vascular damage in diabetes by regulating autophagy. Based on this background, this review summarizes the classification, occurrence process, and related molecular mechanisms of autophagy, with a focus on discussing the role of autophagy in diabetic vascular damage and the protective effects of TCM and its active compounds through the regulation of autophagy in diabetes. Moreover, we systematically elucidate the autophagic mechanisms by which TCM formulations, individual herbal extracts, and active compounds regulate diabetic vascular damage, thereby providing new candidate drugs for clinical treatment of vascular complications in diabetes. Therefore, further exploration of TCM and its active compounds with autophagy-regulating effects holds significant research value for achieving targeted therapeutic approaches for diabetic vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankui Gao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yonglin Liang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
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Ding Y, Su N, Luan J, Xu J, Qiu S, Sun Z. High Vasohibin-2 expression correlated with autophagy in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Exp Eye Res 2024; 240:109808. [PMID: 38278467 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Vasohibin-2 (VASH2) is confirmed to be associated with angiogenesis. To investigate the vitreous levels of VASH2 and how VASH2 induces angiogenesis in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), a total of 120 eyes were enrolled in this prospective and randomized controlled study and the vitreous level of VASH2 was quantified by Luminex liquid suspension chip. Vector systems were applied in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) for VASH2 gene overexpression, along with interfering lentiviral vectors (VASH2-shRNA) for VASH2 gene silencing. Cell migration, autophagic flux, as well as the expression of α-tubulin, detyrosinated ⍺-tubulin, LC3 II/LC3 I, P62 were detected under normal, VASH2 overexpression, or interference conditions. The level of VASH2 in PDR patients was significantly higher (218.61 ± 30.14 pg/ml) than that in ERM/MH patients (80.78 ± 2.05 pg/ml) (P = 0.001). The migration ability of HRMECs was significantly increased in VASH2 overexpression group, while in the interfering group, the migration ability decreased. VASH2 increased the detyrosination of ⍺-tubulin. The high fluorescence intensity of autophagic flux showed an activation of autophagy in VASH2 overexpression group, which was also confirmed by the increase of LC3 II/LC3 I ratio and the decrease of P62. Collectively, the present study shows in PDR, vitreous level of VASH2 is higher. VASH2 promotes neovascularization by inducing autophagy, suggesting VASH2 could be a new anti-angiogenic drug target for PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhi Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Na Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jie Luan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shanhu Qiu
- Department of General Practice, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zilin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Liu H, Yao Q, Wang X, Xie H, Yang C, Gao H, Xie C. The research progress of crosstalk mechanism of autophagy and apoptosis in diabetic vascular endothelial injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116072. [PMID: 38147739 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the widespread prevalence of diabetes has become a major killer that threatens the health of people worldwide. Of particular concern is hyperglycemia-induced vascular endothelial injury, which is one of the factors that aggravate diabetic vascular disease. During the process of diabetic vascular endothelial injury, apoptosis is an important pathological manifestation and autophagy is a key regulatory mechanism. Autophagy and apoptosis interact with each other. Hence, the crosstalk mechanism between the two processes is an important means of regulating diabetic vascular endothelial injury. This article reviews the research progress in apoptosis in the context of diabetic vascular endothelial injury and discusses the crosstalk mechanism of autophagy and apoptosis and its role in this injury. The purpose is to guide the prevention and treatment of diabetic vascular endothelial injury in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, PR China
| | - Qiyuan Yao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, PR China
| | - Xueru Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, PR China
| | - Hongyan Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, PR China; TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, PR China; Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, PR China
| | - Chan Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
| | - Hong Gao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, PR China; TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, PR China; Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, PR China.
| | - Chunguang Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, PR China; TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, PR China; Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, PR China.
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Guimarães JPT, Queiroz LAD, Menikdiwela KR, Pereira N, Ramalho T, Jancar S, Moustaid-Moussa N, Martins JO. The role of captopril in leukotriene deficient type 1 diabetic mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22105. [PMID: 38092813 PMCID: PMC10719306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49449-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
T1D can be associated with metabolic disorders and several impaired pathways, including insulin signaling, and development of insulin resistance through the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The main precursor of RAS is angiotensinogen (Agt) and this system is often linked to autophagy dysregulation. Dysregulated autophagy has been described in T1D and linked to impairments in both glucose metabolism, and leukotrienes (LTs) production. Here, we have investigated the role of RAS and LTs in both muscle and liver from T1D mice, and its effects on insulin and autophagy pathways. We have chemically induced T1D in 129sve and 129sve 5LO-/- mice (lacking LTs) with streptozotocin (STZ). To further inhibit ACE activity, mice were treated with captopril (Cap). In muscle of T1D mice, treatment with Cap increased the expression of RAS (angiotensinogen and angiotensin II receptor), insulin signaling, and autophagy markers, regardless of the genotype. In the liver of T1D mice, the treatment with Cap increased the expression of RAS and insulin signaling markers, mostly when LTs were absent. 5LO-/- T1D mice showed increased insulin sensitivity, and decreased NEFA, after the Cap treatment. Cap treatment impacted both insulin signaling and autophagy pathways at the mRNA levels in muscle and liver, indicating the potential role of ACE inhibition on insulin sensitivity and autophagy in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Tôrres Guimarães
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics, Inflammation and Obesity Research, Department of Nutritional Sciences, and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University (TTU), Lubbock, TX, USA
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (ICB/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz A D Queiroz
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kalhara R Menikdiwela
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics, Inflammation and Obesity Research, Department of Nutritional Sciences, and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University (TTU), Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Nayara Pereira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (ICB/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School (FMRP/USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Theresa Ramalho
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (ICB/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Molecular Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Sonia Jancar
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (ICB/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics, Inflammation and Obesity Research, Department of Nutritional Sciences, and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University (TTU), Lubbock, TX, USA.
| | - Joilson O Martins
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Shen J, San W, Zheng Y, Zhang S, Cao D, Chen Y, Meng G. Different types of cell death in diabetic endothelial dysfunction. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115802. [PMID: 37918258 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease caused by disorders of insulin secretion and utilization. Long-term hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism cause vascular endothelial cell damage. Endothelial dysfunction is a key feature of diabetic vascular complications such as diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, and atherosclerosis. Importantly, cell death is thought to be a key factor contributing to vascular endothelial injury. Morphologically, cell death can be divided into three forms: type I apoptosis, type II autophagy, and type III necrosis. According to the difference in function, cell death can be divided into accidental cell death (ACD) and regulated cell death (RCD). RCD is a controlled process involving numerous proteins and precise signaling cascades. Multiple subroutines covered by RCD may be involved in diabetic endothelial dysfunction, including apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, pyroptosis, entosis, ferroptosis, ferroautophagy, parthanatos, netotic cell death, lysosome-dependent cell death, alkaliptosis, oxeiptosis, cuproptosis, and PANoptosis. This article briefly reviews the mechanism and significance of cell death associated with diabetic endothelial dysfunction, which will help deepen the understanding of diabetic endothelial cell death and provide new therapeutic ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenqing San
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangyang Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Danyi Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guoliang Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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Xu C, Yi X, Tang L, Wang H, Chu S, Yu J. Differential regulation of autophagy on urine-concentrating capability through modulating the renal AQP2 expression and renin-angiotensin system in mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F503-F518. [PMID: 37589054 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00018.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a cellular process of "self-eating," plays an essential role in renal pathophysiology. However, the effect of autophagy on urine-concentrating ability in physiological conditions is still unknown. This study aimed to determine the relevance and mechanisms of autophagy for maintaining urine-concentrating capability during antidiuresis. The extent of the autophagic response to water deprivation (WD) was different between the renal cortex and medulla in mice. Autophagy activity levels in the renal cortex were initially suppressed and then stimulated by WD in a time-dependent manner. During 48 h WD, the urine-concentrating capability of mice was impaired by rapamycin (Rapa) but not by 3-methyladenine (3-MA), accompanied by suppressed renal aquaporin 2 (AQP2), V2 receptor (V2R), renin, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) expression, and levels of prorenin/renin, angiotensin II (ANG II), and aldosterone in the plasma and urine. In contrast, 3-MA and chloroquine (CQ) suppressed the urine-concentrating capability in WD72 mice, accompanied by downregulation of AQP2 and V2R expression in the renal cortex. 3-MA and CQ further increased AQP2 and V2R expression in the renal medulla of WD72 mice. Compared with 3-MA and CQ, Rapa administration yielded completely opposite results on the above parameters in WD72 mice. In addition, 3-MA and CQ abolished the upregulation of prorenin/renin, ANG II, and aldosterone levels in the plasma and urine in WD72 mice. Taken together, our study demonstrated that autophagy regulated urine-concentrating capability through differential regulation of renal AQP2/V2R and ACE/ANG II signaling during WD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Autophagy exhibits a double-edged effect on cell survival and plays an essential role in renal pathophysiology. We for the first time reported a novel function of autophagy that controls the urine-concentrating capability in physiological conditions. We found that water deprivation (WD) differentially regulated autophagy in the kidneys of mice in a time-dependent manner and autophagy regulates the urine-concentrating capability mainly by regulating AQP2/V2R and ACE/ANG II signaling in the renal cortex in WD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanming Xu
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Yi
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Tang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhan Chu
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
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Yao H, Li J, Liu Z, Ouyang C, Qiu Y, Zheng X, Mu J, Xie Z. Ablation of endothelial Atg7 inhibits ischemia-induced angiogenesis by upregulating Stat1 that suppresses Hif1a expression. Autophagy 2023; 19:1491-1511. [PMID: 36300763 PMCID: PMC10240988 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2139920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-induced angiogenesis is critical for blood flow restoration and tissue regeneration, but the underlying molecular mechanism is not fully understood. ATG7 (autophagy related 7) is essential for classical degradative macroautophagy/autophagy and cell cycle regulation. However, whether and how ATG7 influences endothelial cell (EC) function and regulates post-ischemic angiogenesis remain unknown. Here, we showed that in mice subjected to femoral artery ligation, EC-specific deletion of Atg7 significantly impaired angiogenesis, delayed the recovery of blood flow reperfusion, and displayed reduction in HIF1A (hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha) expression. In addition, in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), overexpression of HIF1A prevented ATG7 deficiency-reduced tube formation. Mechanistically, we identified STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1) as a transcription suppressor of HIF1A and demonstrated that ablation of Atg7 upregulated STAT1 in an autophagy independent pathway, increased STAT1 binding to HIF1A promoter, and suppressed HIF1A expression. Moreover, lack of ATG7 in the cytoplasm disrupted the association between ATG7 and the transcription factor ZNF148/ZFP148/ZBP-89 (zinc finger protein 148) that is required for STAT1 constitutive expression, increased the binding between ZNF148/ZFP148/ZBP-89 and KPNB1 (karyopherin subunit beta 1), which promoted ZNF148/ZFP148/ZBP-89 nuclear translocation, and increased STAT1 expression. Finally, inhibition of STAT1 by fludarabine prevented the inhibition of HIF1A expression, angiogenesis, and blood flow recovery in atg7 KO mice. Our work reveals that lack of ATG7 inhibits angiogenesis by suppression of HIF1A expression through upregulation of STAT1 independently of autophagy under ischemic conditions, and suggest new therapeutic strategies for cancer and cardiovascular diseases.Abbreviations: ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG7: autophagy related 7; atg7 KO: endothelial cell-specific atg7 knockout; BECN1: beclin 1; ChIP: chromatin immunoprecipitation; CQ: chloroquine; ECs: endothelial cells; EP300: E1A binding protein p300; HEK293: human embryonic kidney 293 cells; HIF1A: hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha; HUVECs: human umbilical vein endothelial cells; IFNG/IFN-γ: Interferon gamma; IRF9: interferon regulatory factor 9; KPNB1: karyopherin subunit beta 1; MAP1LC3A: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha; MEFs: mouse embryonic fibroblasts; MLECs: mouse lung endothelial cells; NAC: N-acetyl-l-cysteine; NFKB1/NFκB: nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1; PECAM1/CD31: platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1; RELA/p65: RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SP1: Sp1 transcription factor; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; STAT1: signal transducer and activator of transcription 1; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; ulk1 KO: endothelial cell-specific ulk1 knockout; VSMCs: mouse aortic smooth muscle cells; WT: wild type; ZNF148/ZFP148/ZBP-89: zinc finger protein 148.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Yao
- Center of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jian Li
- Center of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhixue Liu
- Center of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Changhan Ouyang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Yu Qiu
- Center of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Xiaoxu Zheng
- Center of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jing Mu
- Center of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhonglin Xie
- Center of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Afsar B, Afsar RE. Hypertension and cellular senescence. Biogerontology 2023:10.1007/s10522-023-10031-4. [PMID: 37010665 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Essential or primary hypertension is a wordwide health problem. Elevated blood pressure (BP) is closely associated not only with increased chronological aging but also with biological aging. There are various common pathways that play a role in cellular aging and BP regulation. These include but not limited to inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, air pollution, decreased klotho activity increased renin angiotensin system activation, gut dysbiosis etc. It has already been shown that some anti-hypertensive drugs have anti-senescent actions and some senolytic drugs have BP lowering effects. In this review, we have summarized the common mechanisms underlying cellular senescence and HT and their relationships. We further reviewed the effect of various antihypertensive medications on cellular senescence and suggest further issues to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Afsar
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Rengin Elsurer Afsar
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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Salemkour Y, Lenoir O. Endothelial Autophagy Dysregulation in Diabetes. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060947. [PMID: 36980288 PMCID: PMC10047205 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a major public health issue that affected 537 million people worldwide in 2021, a number that is only expected to increase in the upcoming decade. Diabetes is a systemic metabolic disease with devastating macro- and microvascular complications. Endothelial dysfunction is a key determinant in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Dysfunctional endothelium leads to vasoconstriction by decreased nitric oxide bioavailability and increased expression of vasoconstrictor factors, vascular inflammation through the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, a loss of microvascular density leading to low organ perfusion, procoagulopathy, and/or arterial stiffening. Autophagy, a lysosomal recycling process, appears to play an important role in endothelial cells, ensuring endothelial homeostasis and functions. Previous reports have provided evidence of autophagic flux impairment in patients with type I or type II diabetes. In this review, we report evidence of endothelial autophagy dysfunction during diabetes. We discuss the mechanisms driving endothelial autophagic flux impairment and summarize therapeutic strategies targeting autophagy in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Salemkour
- PARCC, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Olivia Lenoir
- PARCC, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
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Ren H, Han W, Wang S, Zhao B, Miao J, Lin Z. A novel sulfur dioxide probe inhibits high glucose-induced endothelial cell senescence. Front Physiol 2022; 13:979986. [PMID: 36589455 PMCID: PMC9800602 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.979986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is an important gas signal molecule produced in the cardiovascular system, so it has an important regulatory effect on human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). Studies have shown that high glucose (HG) has become the main cause of endothelial dysfunction and aging. However, the mechanism by which SO2 regulates the senescence of vascular endothelial cells induced by HG has not yet been clarified, so it is necessary to find effective tools to elucidate the effect of SO2 on senescence of HUVECs. In this paper, we identified a novel sulfur dioxide probe (2-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-1,1,3-trimethyl-1H-benzo [e]indol-3-ium, DLC) that inhibited the senescence of HUVECs. Our results suggested that DLC facilitated lipid droplets (LDs) translocation to lysosomes and triggered upregulation of LAMP1 protein levels by targeting LDs. Further study elucidated that DLC inhibited HG-induced HUVECs senescence by promoting the decomposition of LDs and protecting the proton channel of V-ATPase on lysosomes. In conclusion, our study revealed the regulatory effect of lipid droplet-targeted sulfur dioxide probes DLC on HG-induced HUVECs senescence. At the same time, it provided the new experimental evidence for elucidating the regulatory mechanism of intracellular gas signaling molecule sulfur dioxide on vascular endothelial fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ren
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - WenWen Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - BaoXiang Zhao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - JunYing Miao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China,*Correspondence: JunYing Miao, ; ZhaoMin Lin,
| | - ZhaoMin Lin
- Institute of Medical Science, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: JunYing Miao, ; ZhaoMin Lin,
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11
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Bai HY, Li H, Zhou X, Gu HB, Shan BS. AT2 Receptor Stimulation Inhibits Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Senescence Induced by Angiotensin II and Hyperglycemia. Am J Hypertens 2022; 35:884-891. [PMID: 35793143 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpac083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia has been widely reported to induce vascular senescence. We have previously demonstrated that angiotensin II (Ang II) could promote brain vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) senescence, and its type 2 (AT2) receptor deletion could enhance VSMC senescence. Therefore, we examined the possible cross-talk between Ang II and hyperglycemia on VSMC senescence, and the roles of AT2 receptor agonist, compound 21 (C21) on it. METHODS Aortic VSMCs were prepared from adult male mice and stimulated with Ang II and/or high glucose (Glu) and/or C21 and/or an autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine (3-MA), and/or an autophagy agonist, rapamycin (RAP) for the indicated times. Cellular senescence, oxidative stress, and protein expressions were evaluated. RESULTS Combination treatment with Ang II and Glu synergistically increased the proportion of VSMC senescent area compared with control group and each treatment alone, which was almost completely attenuated by C21 treatment. Moreover, combination treatment induced significant changes in the levels of superoxide anion, the expressions of p21 and pRb, and the ratio of LC3B II/I expression, which were also significantly attenuated by C21 treatment. The proportion of VSMC senescent area and the levels of superoxide anion by combination treatment were increased after 3-MA treatment, and the proportion of senescent area and the expressions of p21 and pRb were decreased after RAP treatment, both of which were further attenuated by C21 treatment. CONCLUSIONS Ang II and hyperglycemia synergistically promoted VSMC senescence, at least partly through the participation by autophagy, oxidative stress, and p21-pRb pathway, which could be inhibited by C21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yu Bai
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hai-Bo Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bao-Shuai Shan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
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12
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Kwon Y, Haam CE, Byeon S, Choi SK, Lee YH. Effects of 3-methyladenine, an autophagy inhibitor, on the elevated blood pressure and arterial dysfunction of angiotensin II-induced hypertensive mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113588. [PMID: 35994821 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular degradation system that disassembles cytoplasmic components through autophagosomes fused with lysosomes. Recently, it has been reported that autophagy is associated with cardiovascular diseases, including pulmonary hypertension, atherosclerosis, and myocardial ischemia. However, the involvement of autophagy in hypertension is not well understood. In the present study, we hypothesized that excessive autophagy contributes to the dysfunction of mesenteric arteries in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertensive mice. Treatment of an autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine (3-MA), reduced the elevated blood pressure and wall thickness, and improved endothelium-dependent relaxation in mesenteric arteries of Ang II-treated mice. The expression levels of autophagy markers, beclin1 and LC3 II, were significantly increased by Ang II infusion, which was reduced by treatment of 3-MA. Furthermore, treatment of 3-MA induced vasodilation in the mesenteric resistance arteries pre-contracted with U46619 or phenylephrine, which was dependent on endothelium. Interestingly, nitric oxide production and phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (p-eNOS) at S1177 in the mesenteric arteries of Ang II-treated mice were increased by treatment with 3-MA. In HUVECs, p-eNOS was reduced by Ang II, which was increased by treatment of 3-MA. 3-MA had direct vasodilatory effect on the pre-contracted mesenteric arteries. In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), Ang II induced increase in beclin1 and LC3 II and decrease in p62, which was reversed by treatment of 3-MA. These results suggest that autophagy inhibition exerts beneficial effects on the dysfunction of mesenteric arteries in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngin Kwon
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University, 50 Yonseiro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, the Republic of the Korea
| | - Chae Eun Haam
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University, 50 Yonseiro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, the Republic of the Korea
| | - Seonhee Byeon
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University, 50 Yonseiro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, the Republic of the Korea
| | - Soo-Kyoung Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University, 50 Yonseiro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, the Republic of the Korea.
| | - Young-Ho Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University, 50 Yonseiro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, the Republic of the Korea.
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13
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Orphan GPR26 Counteracts Early Phases of Hyperglycemia-Mediated Monocyte Activation and Is Suppressed in Diabetic Patients. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071736. [PMID: 35885041 PMCID: PMC9312814 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is the ninth leading cause of death, with an estimated 1.5 million deaths worldwide. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) results from the body’s ineffective use of insulin and is largely the result of excess body weight and physical inactivity. T2D increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, retinopathy, and kidney failure by two-to three-fold. Hyperglycemia, as a hallmark of diabetes, acts as a potent stimulator of inflammatory condition by activating endothelial cells and by dysregulating monocyte activation. G-protein couple receptors (GPCRs) can both exacerbate and promote inflammatory resolution. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) indicate that GPCRs are differentially regulated in inflammatory and vessel cells from diabetic patients. However, most of these GPCRs are orphan receptors, for which the mechanism of action in diabetes is unknown. Our data indicated that orphan GPCR26 is downregulated in the PBMC isolated from T2D patients. In contrast, GPR26 was initially upregulated in human monocytes and PBMC treated with high glucose (HG) levels and then decreased upon chronic and prolonged HG exposure. GPR26 levels were decreased in T2D patients treated with insulin compared to non-insulin treated patients. Moreover, GPR26 inversely correlated with the BMI and the HbA1c of diabetic compared to non-diabetic patients. Knockdown of GPR26 enhanced monocyte ROS production, MAPK signaling, pro-inflammatory activation, monocyte adhesion to ECs, and enhanced the activity of Caspase 3, a pro-apoptotic molecule. The same mechanisms were activated by HG and exacerbated when GPR26 was knocked down. Hence, our data indicated that GPR26 is initially activated to protect monocytes from HG and is inhibited under chronic hyperglycemic conditions.
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14
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Endothelial Autophagy in Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132081. [PMID: 35805165 PMCID: PMC9265562 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) refers to a subset of structural and/or functional disorders of coronary microcirculation that lead to impaired coronary blood flow and eventually myocardial ischemia. Amid the growing knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms and the development of advanced tools for assessment, CMD has emerged as a prevalent cause of a broad spectrum of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including obstructive and nonobstructive coronary artery disease, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Of note, the endothelium exerts vital functions in regulating coronary microvascular and cardiac function. Importantly, insufficient or uncontrolled activation of endothelial autophagy facilitates the pathogenesis of CMD in diverse CVDs. Here, we review the progress in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of autophagy in coronary endothelial cells and discuss their potential role in CMD and CVDs.
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15
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Liu Y, Xiang H, Xiong W, Ouyang J, Liu H, Zhao S, Xiao J, Li J, Shu Z, Wang X, Liu H, Zhang J, Fan J, Li Y, Chen S, Lu H. Glucolipotoxicity induces endothelial cell dysfunction by activating autophagy and inhibiting autophagic flow. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2022; 19:14791641221102513. [PMID: 35549572 PMCID: PMC9125420 DOI: 10.1177/14791641221102513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to determine the role and mechanism of autophagy in endothelial cell dysfunction by glucolipotoxicity. METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with high glucose and high palmitic acid. The number of autophagosomes was evaluated by monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The expression of autophagy-related proteins (LC3 and P62) was assessed by Western blotting. Capillary tube-like formation was evaluated on Matrigel. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was detected by DCFH-DA. Cell apoptosis was measured by Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry. Phosphorylation of AMPK, mTOR, and ULK1 was also analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS We found that glucolipotoxicity induced autophagy initiation and hindered autophagosomes degradation. Moreover, glucolipotoxicity increased the production of intracellular ROS, decreased the ability of tubular formation, and increased cell apoptosis. However, endothelial cell dysfunction was alleviated by 3-methyladenine, an early-stage autophagy inhibitor. Additionally, glucolipotoxicity promoted the phosphorylation of AMPK and ULK1 and inhibited the phosphorylation of mTOR. CONCLUSIONS Glucolipotoxicity initiates autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway and inhibits autophagic flow, leading to the accumulation of autophagosomes, thereby inducing apoptosis and impairing endothelial cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Liu
- Health Management Center, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central
South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Cardiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central
South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central
South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenfang Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central
South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Ouyang
- Department of Cardiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central
South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hengdao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of
Zhengzhou University, Zhenzhou, China
| | - Shaoli Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central
South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central
South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jialing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central
South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhihao Shu
- Department of Cardiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central
South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central
South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huiqin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central
South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central
South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianing Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central
South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Cardiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central
South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuhua Chen
- Departments of Biochemistry, School
of Life Sciences, Central South
University, Changsha, China
- Shuhua Chen, Department of Biochemistry,
School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha
410013, China.
| | - Hongwei Lu
- Health Management Center, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central
South University, Changsha, China
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central
South University, Changsha, China
- Hongwei Lu, Center for Experimental
Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road,
Changsha 410013, China.
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16
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Wu D, Ji H, Du W, Ren L, Qian G. Mitophagy alleviates ischemia/reperfusion-induced microvascular damage through improving mitochondrial quality control. Bioengineered 2022; 13:3596-3607. [PMID: 35112987 PMCID: PMC8973896 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2027065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronary arteries mainly function to perfuse the myocardium. When coronary artery resistance increases, myocardial perfusion decreases and myocardial remodeling occurs. Mitochondrial damage has been regarded as the primary cause of microvascular dysfunction. In the present study, we explored the effects of mitophagy activation on microvascular damage. Hypoxia/reoxygenation injury induced mitochondrial oxidative stress, thereby promoting mitochondrial dysfunction in endothelial cells. Mitochondrial impairment induced apoptosis, reducing the viability and proliferation of endothelial cells. However, supplementation with the mitophagy inducer urolithin A (UA) preserved mitochondrial function by reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress and stabilizing the mitochondrial membrane potential in endothelial cells. UA also sustained the viability and improved the proliferative capacity of endothelial cells by suppressing apoptotic factors and upregulating cyclins D and E. In addition, UA inhibited mitochondrial fission and restored mitochondrial fusion, which reduced the proportion of fragmented mitochondria within endothelial cells. UA enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis in endothelial cells by upregulating sirtuin 3 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha. These results suggested that activation of mitophagy may reduce hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cardiac microvascular damage by improving mitochondrial quality control and increasing cell viability and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army Hospital, Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Haizhe Ji
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Du
- Laboratory of Radiation Injury Treatment, Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Ren
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Geng Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army Hospital, Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
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17
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Sanhueza-Olivares F, Troncoso MF, Pino-de la Fuente F, Martinez-Bilbao J, Riquelme JA, Norambuena-Soto I, Villa M, Lavandero S, Castro PF, Chiong M. A potential role of autophagy-mediated vascular senescence in the pathophysiology of HFpEF. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1057349. [PMID: 36465616 PMCID: PMC9713703 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1057349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is one of the most complex and most prevalent cardiometabolic diseases in aging population. Age, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension are the main comorbidities of HFpEF. Microvascular dysfunction and vascular remodeling play a major role in its development. Among the many mechanisms involved in this process, vascular stiffening has been described as one the most prevalent during HFpEF, leading to ventricular-vascular uncoupling and mismatches in aged HFpEF patients. Aged blood vessels display an increased number of senescent endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). This is consistent with the fact that EC and cardiomyocyte cell senescence has been reported during HFpEF. Autophagy plays a major role in VSMCs physiology, regulating phenotypic switch between contractile and synthetic phenotypes. It has also been described that autophagy can regulate arterial stiffening and EC and VSMC senescence. Many studies now support the notion that targeting autophagy would help with the treatment of many cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms involved in autophagy-mediated vascular senescence and whether this could be a driver in the development and progression of HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Sanhueza-Olivares
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mayarling F. Troncoso
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Pino-de la Fuente
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Martinez-Bilbao
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime A. Riquelme
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Norambuena-Soto
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Monica Villa
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Pablo F. Castro
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical University Catholic of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Chiong
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Mario Chiong,
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18
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Sukumaran V, Gurusamy N, Yalcin HC, Venkatesh S. Understanding diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy from the perspective of renin angiotensin aldosterone system. Pflugers Arch 2021; 474:63-81. [PMID: 34967935 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02651-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and clinical evidence suggests that diabetic subjects are predisposed to a distinct cardiovascular dysfunction, known as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), which could be an autonomous disease independent of concomitant micro and macrovascular disorders. DCM is one of the prominent causes of global morbidity and mortality and is on a rising trend with the increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM). DCM is characterized by an early left ventricle diastolic dysfunction associated with the slow progression of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy leading to heart failure, which still has no effective therapy. Although the well-known "Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS)" inhibition is considered a gold-standard treatment in heart failure, its role in DCM is still unclear. At the cellular level of DCM, RAAS induces various secondary mechanisms, adding complications to poor prognosis and treatment of DCM. This review highlights the importance of RAAS signaling and its major secondary mechanisms involving inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy, their role in establishing DCM. In addition, studies lacking in the specific area of DCM are also highlighted. Therefore, understanding the complex role of RAAS in DCM may lead to the identification of better prognosis and therapeutic strategies in treating DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Narasimman Gurusamy
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Huseyin C Yalcin
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Al-Tarfa, 2371, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sundararajan Venkatesh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
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19
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Wang Z, Li Y, Yao J, Yu S, Yu H, Men L, Du J. Selenoprotein S attenuates high glucose and/or ox-LDL-induced endothelium injury by regulating Akt/mTOR signaling and autophagy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 141:106111. [PMID: 34715363 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glucolipid metabolism disorder in diabetes mellitus (DM) causes human endothelial injury and autophagy dysfunction is an important cause of endothelial dysfunction (ED). Selenoprotein S (SelS) could protect endothelium from oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and apoptosis. This study assessed the effect of SelS on autophagy in glucolipid metabolic disorders and protection of the resulted vascular endothelial injury. The results showed that high glucose (HG), high oxidized low-density lipoprotein (HL), and HG combined with HL (HGL) could reduce viability of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs), induce HAECs injury and increase SelS expression in a time-dependent manner. HG, HL, and HGL also initially induced autophagy but later reduced it in HAECs, while activity of the Akt/mTOR signaling was inhibited, especially in HGL culture of HAECs. SelS overexpression reduced the endothelial injury and autophagy and activated the Akt/mTOR signaling in HG, HL and HGL-cultured HAECs, compared to the control. Conversely, knockdown of SelS expression had the opposite effects on HAECs. In conclusion, SelS demonstrated a protective effect on endothelial injury induced by high glucose and/or ox-LDL and the underlying molecular events might be related to its regulation of HAECs autophagy by activating the Akt/mTOR signaling. SelS could be a potential intervention target in prevention and treatment of diabetic vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, Dalian 116011, China; Department of Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, Dalian 116011, China. sunny27---@163.com
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, Dalian 116011, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Diseases and the Vascular Complications, 222 Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, Dalian 116011, China.
| | - Junjie Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, Dalian 116011, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Diseases and the Vascular Complications, 222 Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, Dalian 116011, China.
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, Dalian 116011, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Diseases and the Vascular Complications, 222 Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, Dalian 116011, China.
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, Dalian 116011, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Diseases and the Vascular Complications, 222 Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, Dalian 116011, China.
| | - Lili Men
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, Dalian 116011, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Diseases and the Vascular Complications, 222 Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, Dalian 116011, China.
| | - Jianling Du
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, Dalian 116011, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Diseases and the Vascular Complications, 222 Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, Dalian 116011, China.
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20
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Chang XM, Xiao F, Pan Q, Wang XX, Guo LX. Sitagliptin attenuates endothelial dysfunction independent of its blood glucose controlling effect. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 25:425-437. [PMID: 34448460 PMCID: PMC8405439 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2021.25.5.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Although the contributions of sitagliptin to endothelial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus were previously reported, the mechanisms still undefined. Autophagy plays an important role in the development of diabetes mellitus, but its role in diabetic macrovascular complications is unclear. This study aims to observe the effect of sitagliptin on macrovascular endothelium in diabetes and explore the role of autophagy in this process. Diabetic rats were induced through administration of high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Then diabetic rats were treated with or without sitagliptin for 12 weeks. Endothelial damage and autophagy were measured. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured either in normal glucose or in high glucose medium and intervened with different concentrations of sitagliptin. Rapamycin was used to induce autophagy. Cell viability, apoptosis and autophagy were detected. The expressions of proteins in c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-Bcl-2-Beclin-1 pathway were measured. Sitagliptin attenuated injuries of endothelium in vivo and in vitro. The expression of microtubuleassociated protein 1 light chain 3 II (LC3II) and beclin-1 were increased in aortas of diabetic rats and cells cultured with high-glucose, while sitagliptin inhibited the over-expression of LC3II and beclin-1. In vitro pre-treatment with sitagliptin decreased rapamycin-induced autophagy. However, after pretreatment with rapamycin, the protective effect of sitagliptin on endothelial cells was abolished. Further studies revealed sitagliptin increased the expression of Bcl-2, while inhibited the expression of JNK in vivo. Sitagliptin attenuates injuries of vascular endothelial cells caused by high glucose through inhibiting over-activated autophagy. JNK-Bcl-2-Beclin-1 pathway may be involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Miao Chang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P. R. China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Fei Xiao
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Qi Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Xia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Li-Xin Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P. R. China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
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21
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Hu M, Jia F, Huang WP, Li X, Hu DF, Wang J, Ren KF, Fu GS, Wang YB, Ji J. Substrate stiffness differentially impacts autophagy of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:1413-1422. [PMID: 33210033 PMCID: PMC7658328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stiffening of blood vessels is one of the most important characteristics in the process of many cardiovascular pathologies such as atherosclerosis, angiosteosis, and vascular aging. Increased stiffness of the vascular extracellular matrix drives artery pathology and alters phenotypes of vascular cell. Understanding how substrate stiffness impacts vascular cell behaviors is of great importance to the biomaterial design in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and medical devices. Here we report that changing substrate stiffness has a significant impact on the autophagy of vascular endothelial cells (VECs) and smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Interestingly, our findings demonstrate that, with the increase of substrate stiffness, the autophagy level of VECs and VSMCs showed differential changes: endothelial autophagy levels reduced, leading to the reductions in a range of gene expression associated with endothelial function; while, autophagy levels of VSMCs increased, showing a transition from contractile to the synthetic phenotype. We further demonstrate that, by inhibiting cell autophagy, the expressions of endothelial functional gene were further reduced and the expression of VSMC calponin increased, suggesting an important role of autophagy in response of the cells to the challenge of microenvironment stiffness changing. Although the underlying mechanism requires further study, this work highlights the relationship of substrate stiffness, autophagy, and vascular cell behaviors, and enlightening the design principles of surface stiffness of biomaterials in cardiovascular practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Fan Jia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Wei-Pin Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xu Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Deng-Feng Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jing Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Ke-Feng Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Guo-Sheng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Yun-Bing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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22
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Henderson JM, Weber C, Santovito D. Beyond Self-Recycling: Cell-Specific Role of Autophagy in Atherosclerosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030625. [PMID: 33799835 PMCID: PMC7998923 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial vessel wall and underlies the development of cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. As such, atherosclerosis stands as the leading cause of death and disability worldwide and intensive scientific efforts are made to investigate its complex pathophysiology, which involves the deregulation of crucial intracellular pathways and intricate interactions between diverse cell types. A growing body of evidence, including in vitro and in vivo studies involving cell-specific deletion of autophagy-related genes (ATGs), has unveiled the mechanistic relevance of cell-specific (endothelial, smooth-muscle, and myeloid cells) defective autophagy in the processes of atherogenesis. In this review, we underscore the recent insights on autophagy's cell-type-dependent role in atherosclerosis development and progression, featuring the relevance of canonical catabolic functions and emerging noncanonical mechanisms, and highlighting the potential therapeutic implications for prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Henderson
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität (LMU), D-80336 Munich, Germany;
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität (LMU), D-80336 Munich, Germany;
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, D-80336 Munich, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), D-80336 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: (C.W.); (D.S.)
| | - Donato Santovito
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität (LMU), D-80336 Munich, Germany;
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, D-80336 Munich, Germany
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, UoS of Milan, National Research Council, I-09042 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.W.); (D.S.)
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23
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Carresi C, Mollace R, Macrì R, Scicchitano M, Bosco F, Scarano F, Coppoletta AR, Guarnieri L, Ruga S, Zito MC, Nucera S, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Maiuolo J, Palma E, Mollace V. Oxidative Stress Triggers Defective Autophagy in Endothelial Cells: Role in Atherothrombosis Development. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030387. [PMID: 33807637 PMCID: PMC8001288 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherothrombosis, a multifactorial and multistep artery disorder, represents one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The development and progression of atherothrombosis is closely associated with age, gender and a complex relationship between unhealthy lifestyle habits and several genetic risk factors. The imbalance between oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses is the main biological event leading to the development of a pro-oxidant phenotype, triggering cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with the atherothrombotic process. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and its late thrombotic complications involve multiple cellular events such as inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), extracellular matrix (ECM) alterations, and platelet activation, contributing to chronic pathological remodeling of the vascular wall, atheromatous plague formation, vascular stenosis, and eventually, thrombus growth and propagation. Emerging studies suggest that clotting activation and endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction play key roles in the pathogenesis of atherothrombosis. Furthermore, a growing body of evidence indicates that defective autophagy is closely linked to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which, in turn, are involved in the development and progression of atherosclerotic disease. This topic represents a large field of study aimed at identifying new potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we focus on the major role played by the autophagic pathway induced by oxidative stress in the modulation of EC dysfunction as a background to understand its potential role in the development of atherothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Carresi
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-09613694128; Fax: +39-09613695737
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Federica Scarano
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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24
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Perrotta C, Cattaneo MG, Molteni R, De Palma C. Autophagy in the Regulation of Tissue Differentiation and Homeostasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:602901. [PMID: 33363161 PMCID: PMC7758408 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.602901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a constitutive pathway that allows the lysosomal degradation of damaged components. This conserved process is essential for metabolic plasticity and tissue homeostasis and is crucial for mammalian post-mitotic cells. Autophagy also controls stem cell fate and defective autophagy is involved in many pathophysiological processes. In this review, we focus on established and recent breakthroughs aimed at elucidating the impact of autophagy in differentiation and homeostasis maintenance of endothelium, muscle, immune system, and brain providing a suitable framework of the emerging results and highlighting the pivotal role of autophagic response in tissue functions, stem cell dynamics and differentiation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Perrotta
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cattaneo
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Molteni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Clara De Palma
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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25
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Deng B, Feng J, Wang L, Chen X. Silencing of CRT relieves Ang II-Induced injury of HUVECs with insulin resistance. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 41:321-330. [PMID: 32873146 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1808677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of Angiotensin II (Ang II) on insulin-resistant endothelial cells. High glucose and insulin at series of concentrations were used to induce IR in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs). Successful IR induction was confirmed according to glucose consumption and glycogen content levels. Cell morphology was observed under a microscope. Expression levels of Ang II and Calreticulin (CRT) were measured by ELISA, qRT-PCR and Western blot as appropriate. Cell viability and apoptosis were measured by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. HUVECs with IR were exposed to Ang II at series of concentrations, and then the cell viability, apoptosis and CRT were detected. Rescue assays were performed by transfection of siCRT or overexpression of CRT with or without Ang II stimulation into the HUVECs with IR. Expressions of cell apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2 and Bax were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Glucose (33.3 mmol/L) and insulin (4 µmol/L) induced significantly strong IR to the HUVECs, with a pathological appearance. Levels of Agn II and CRT were both up-regulated by IR. Cell viability of HUVECs was slightly reduced after IR induction for 2 h, and cell apoptosis rate was increased. In addition, Ang II (10-7 mol/l) suppressed cell viability and glucose uptake, promoted cell apoptosis and increased CRT, and these effects could be weakened by silencing CRT. Thus, we preliminarily proved that Ang II up-regulates CRT, and CRT knockdown can relieve Ang II-induced injury of HUVECs with IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyong Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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26
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Miyao M, Cicalese S, Kawai T, Cooper HA, Boyer MJ, Elliott KJ, Forrester SJ, Kuroda R, Rizzo V, Hashimoto T, Scalia R, Eguchi S. Involvement of Senescence and Mitochondrial Fission in Endothelial Cell Pro-Inflammatory Phenotype Induced by Angiotensin II. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093112. [PMID: 32354103 PMCID: PMC7247685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (AngII) has a crucial role in cardiovascular pathologies, including endothelial inflammation and premature vascular aging. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying aging-related endothelial inflammation induced by AngII remains elusive. Here, we have tested a hypothesis in cultured rat aortic endothelial cells (ECs) that the removal of AngII-induced senescent cells, preservation of proteostasis, or inhibition of mitochondrial fission attenuates the pro-inflammatory EC phenotype. AngII stimulation in ECs resulted in cellular senescence assessed by senescence-associated β galactosidase activity. The number of β galactosidase-positive ECs induced by AngII was attenuated by treatment with a senolytic drug ABT737 or the chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyrate. Monocyte adhesion assay revealed that the pro-inflammatory phenotype in ECs induced by AngII was alleviated by these treatments. AngII stimulation also increased mitochondrial fission in ECs, which was mitigated by mitochondrial division inhibitor-1. Pretreatment with mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 attenuated AngII-induced senescence and monocyte adhesion in ECs. These findings suggest that mitochondrial fission and endoplasmic reticulum stress have causative roles in endothelial senescence-associated inflammatory phenotype induced by AngII exposure, thus providing potential therapeutic targets in age-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Miyao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (M.M.); (S.C.); (T.K.); (H.A.C.); (M.J.B.); (K.J.E.); (S.J.F.); (R.K.); (V.R.)
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyoku, Kyoto 606–8501, Japan
| | - Stephanie Cicalese
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (M.M.); (S.C.); (T.K.); (H.A.C.); (M.J.B.); (K.J.E.); (S.J.F.); (R.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Tatsuo Kawai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (M.M.); (S.C.); (T.K.); (H.A.C.); (M.J.B.); (K.J.E.); (S.J.F.); (R.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Hannah A. Cooper
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (M.M.); (S.C.); (T.K.); (H.A.C.); (M.J.B.); (K.J.E.); (S.J.F.); (R.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Michael J. Boyer
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (M.M.); (S.C.); (T.K.); (H.A.C.); (M.J.B.); (K.J.E.); (S.J.F.); (R.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Katherine J. Elliott
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (M.M.); (S.C.); (T.K.); (H.A.C.); (M.J.B.); (K.J.E.); (S.J.F.); (R.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Steven J. Forrester
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (M.M.); (S.C.); (T.K.); (H.A.C.); (M.J.B.); (K.J.E.); (S.J.F.); (R.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Ryohei Kuroda
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (M.M.); (S.C.); (T.K.); (H.A.C.); (M.J.B.); (K.J.E.); (S.J.F.); (R.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Victor Rizzo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (M.M.); (S.C.); (T.K.); (H.A.C.); (M.J.B.); (K.J.E.); (S.J.F.); (R.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Tomoki Hashimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (R.S.); (S.E.)
| | - Rosario Scalia
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (M.M.); (S.C.); (T.K.); (H.A.C.); (M.J.B.); (K.J.E.); (S.J.F.); (R.K.); (V.R.)
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (R.S.); (S.E.)
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (M.M.); (S.C.); (T.K.); (H.A.C.); (M.J.B.); (K.J.E.); (S.J.F.); (R.K.); (V.R.)
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (R.S.); (S.E.)
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27
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VEGF Triggers Transient Induction of Autophagy in Endothelial Cells via AMPKα1. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030687. [PMID: 32168879 PMCID: PMC7140637 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is activated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in endothelial cells and it is significantly involved in VEGF-induced angiogenesis. This study investigates whether the VEGF/AMPK pathway regulates autophagy in endothelial cells and whether this is linked to its pro-angiogenic role. We show that VEGF leads to AMPKα1-dependent phosphorylation of Unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) at its serine residue 556 and to the subsequent phosphorylation of the ULK1 substrate ATG14. This triggers initiation of autophagy as shown by phosphorylation of ATG16L1 and conjugation of the microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B, which indicates autophagosome formation; this is followed by increased autophagic flux measured in the presence of bafilomycin A1 and by reduced expression of the autophagy substrate p62. VEGF-induced autophagy is transient and probably terminated by mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), which is activated by VEGF in a delayed manner. We show that functional autophagy is required for VEGF-induced angiogenesis and may have specific functions in addition to maintaining homeostasis. In line with this, inhibition of autophagy impaired VEGF-mediated formation of the Notch intracellular domain, a critical regulator of angiogenesis. Our study characterizes autophagy induction as a pro-angiogenic function of the VEGF/AMPK pathway and suggests that timely activation of autophagy-initiating pathways may help to initiate angiogenesis.
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28
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Menikdiwela KR, Ramalingam L, Rasha F, Wang S, Dufour JM, Kalupahana NS, Sunahara KKS, Martins JO, Moustaid-Moussa N. Autophagy in metabolic syndrome: breaking the wheel by targeting the renin-angiotensin system. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:87. [PMID: 32015340 PMCID: PMC6997396 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2275-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex, emerging epidemic which disrupts the metabolic homeostasis of several organs, including liver, heart, pancreas, and adipose tissue. While studies have been conducted in these research areas, the pathogenesis and mechanisms of MetS remain debatable. Lines of evidence show that physiological systems, such as the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and autophagy play vital regulatory roles in MetS. RAS is a pivotal system known for controlling blood pressure and fluid balance, whereas autophagy is involved in the degradation and recycling of cellular components, including proteins. Although RAS is activated in MetS, the interrelationship between RAS and autophagy varies in glucose homeostatic organs and their cross talk is poorly understood. Interestingly, autophagy is attenuated in the liver during MetS, whereas autophagic activity is induced in adipose tissue during MetS, indicating tissue-specific discordant roles. We discuss in vivo and in vitro studies conducted in metabolic tissues and dissect their tissue-specific effects. Moreover, our review will focus on the molecular mechanisms by which autophagy orchestrates MetS and the ways future treatments could target RAS in order to achieve metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalhara R Menikdiwela
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Fahmida Rasha
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Jannette M Dufour
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Nishan S Kalupahana
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Karen K S Sunahara
- Department of Experimental Physiopatholgy, Medical School University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joilson O Martins
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of University Sao Paulo (FCF/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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29
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Liu X, Xie J, Yang L, Li Y, He Y, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Su G. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells enhance autophagy and help protect cells under hypoxic and retinal detachment conditions. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:3346-3358. [PMID: 32003125 PMCID: PMC7131940 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to evaluate the protective role and mechanisms of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in hypoxic photoreceptors and experimental retinal detachment. The cellular morphology, viability, apoptosis and autophagy of hypoxic 661w cells and cells cocultured with BMSCs were analysed. In retinal detachment model, BMSCs were intraocularly transplanted, and then, the retinal morphology, outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness and rhodopsin expression were studied as well as apoptosis and autophagy of the retinal cells. The hypoxia‐induced apoptosis of 661w cells obviously increased together with autophagy levels increasing and peaking at 8 hours after hypoxia. Upon coculturing with BMSCs, hypoxic 661w cells had a better morphology and fewer apoptosis. After autophagy was inhibited, the apoptotic 661w cells under the hypoxia increased, and the cell viability was reduced, even in the presence of transplanted BMSCs. In retina‐detached eyes transplanted with BMSCs, the retinal ONL thickness was closer to that of the normal retina. After transplantation, apoptosis decreased significantly and retinal autophagy was activated in the BMSC‐treated retinas. Increased autophagy in the early stage could facilitate the survival of 661w cells under hypoxic stress. Coculturing with BMSCs protects 661w cells from hypoxic damage, possibly due to autophagy activation. In retinal detachment models, BMSC transplantation can significantly reduce photoreceptor cell death and preserve retinal structure. The capacity of BMSCs to reduce retinal cell apoptosis and to initiate autophagy shortly after transplantation may facilitate the survival of retinal cells in the low‐oxygen and nutrition‐restricted milieu after retinal detachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Eye Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jia'nan Xie
- Eye Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Longfei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Li
- Eye Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuxi He
- Eye Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zaoxia Liu
- Eye Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Eye Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guanfang Su
- Eye Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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30
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Zhao X, Su L, He X, Zhao B, Miao J. Long noncoding RNA CA7-4 promotes autophagy and apoptosis via sponging MIR877-3P and MIR5680 in high glucose-induced vascular endothelial cells. Autophagy 2020; 16:70-85. [PMID: 30957640 PMCID: PMC6984615 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1598750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells (VECs) that form the inner wall of blood vessels can be injured by high glucose-induced autophagy and apoptosis. Although the role of long noncoding RNA in regulating cell fate has received widespread attention, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that can both regulate autophagy and apoptosis need to be discovered. In this study, we identified that a small chemical molecule, 3-benzyl-5-([2-nitrophenoxy] methyl)-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (3BDO), synthesized by us, could inhibit VEC autophagy and apoptosis induced by a high concentration of glucose. To find new lncRNAs that regulate autophagy and apoptosis in VECs, we performed lncRNA microarray analysis. We found and verified an upregulated lncRNA named CA7-4 that was induced by a high concentration of glucose could be downregulated by 3BDO most obviously among all of the detected lncRNAs. Meanwhile, we investigated the mechanism of CA7-4 in regulating VEC autophagy and apoptosis. The results showed that CA7-4 facilitated endothelial autophagy and apoptosis as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by decoying MIR877-3P and MIR5680. Further study elucidated that MIR877-3P could trigger the decrease of CTNNBIP1 (catenin beta interacting protein 1) by combining with its 3' UTR and then upregulating CTNNB1 (catenin beta 1); MIR5680 inhibited the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by targeting and decreasing DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4). Therefore, CA7-4, MIR877-3P and MIR5680 represent new signal pathways that regulate VEC autophagy and apoptosis under the high-glucose condition.Abbreviations: 3BDO: 3-benzyl-5-([2-nitrophenoxy] methyl)-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one; 3' UTR: 3' untranslated region; AGO2: argonaute RISC catalytic component 2; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase/protein kinase AMP-activated; BAX/BCL2L4: BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator; BCL2: BCL2 apoptosis regulator; CASP3: caspase 3; ceRNA: competing endogenous RNA; CTNNB1: catenin beta 1; CTNNBIP1/ICAT: catenin beta interacting protein 1; DPP4: dipeptidyl peptidase 4; FGF2/FGF-2: fibroblast growth factor 2; HG: high concentration glucose (30 mM glucose); lncRNA: long noncoding RNA; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; miRNA: microRNA; MIR4778-3P: microRNA 4778-3p; MIR561-3P: microRNA 561-3p; MIR5680: microRNA 5680; MIR877-3P: microRNA 877-3p; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; Mut: mutant; NC: negative control; NG: normal concentration glucose (5.5 mM glucose); PARP1: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1; qPCR: quantitative real-time PCR; RNA-FISH: RNA-fluorescence in situ hybridization; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RT-PCR: reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; siRNA: small interfering RNA; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TGFB2-OT1: TGFB2 overlapping transcript 1; TUNEL: terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling; VECs: vascular endothelial cells; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Le Su
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying He
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Baoxiang Zhao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Junying Miao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, P. R. China
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31
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Zhang X, Han X, Zhang P, Zhou T, Chen Y, Jin J, Ma X. Morin attenuates oxidized low-density lipoprotein-mediated injury by inducing autophagy via activating AMPK signalling in HUVECs. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 46:1053-1060. [PMID: 31407376 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a precursor of cardiovascular disease, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) has been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis by directly targeting endothelial cells. Morin, a natural flavonol, has been shown to protect endothelial cells from dysfunction. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of morin on ox-LDL-induced injury and to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The results showed that morin alleviated ox-LDL-induced endothelial injury and promoted the viability of HUVECs exposed to ox-LDL. Morin significantly inhibited the oxidative stress induced by ox-LDL by inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, and downregulating the level of superoxide dismutase. Moreover, morin markedly attenuated the overexpressed mRNA levels of the inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 induced by exposure to ox-LDL. We found that morin attenuated ox-LDL-induced injury in HUVECs by inducing autophagy. The protective effects of morin against ox-LDL-induced injury were dramatically reversed by chloroquine phosphate (CQ) treatment. Furthermore, morin up-regulated the expression of p-AMPK and down-regulated the level of p-mTOR in HUVECs exposed to ox-LDL, and this was significantly reversed by the AMPK inhibitor Compound C (CC). Taken together, our results demonstrated that morin attenuates ox-LDL-mediated injury by inducing autophagy via activating AMPK signalling in HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiping Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jian Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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32
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Kardideh B, Samimi Z, Norooznezhad F, Kiani S, Mansouri K. Autophagy, cancer and angiogenesis: where is the link? Cell Biosci 2019; 9:65. [PMID: 31428311 PMCID: PMC6693242 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-019-0327-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autophagy is a catabolic process for degradation of intracellular components. Damaged proteins and organelles are engulfed in double-membrane vesicles ultimately fused with lysosomes. These vesicles, known as phagophores, develop to form autophagosomes. Encapsulated components are degraded after autophagosomes and lysosomes are fused. Autophagy clears denatured proteins and damaged organelles to produce macromolecules further reused by cells. This process is vital to cell homeostasis under both physiologic and pathologic conditions. Main body While the role of autophagy in cancer is quite controversial, the majority of studies introduce it as an anti-tumorigenesis mechanism. There are evidences confirming this role of autophagy in cancer. Mutations and monoallelic deletions have been demonstrated in autophagy-related genes correlating with cancer promotion. Another pathway through which autophagy suppresses tumorigenesis is cell cycle. On the other hand, under hypoxia and starvation condition, tumors use angiogenesis to provide nutrients. Also, autophagy flux is highlighted in vessel cell biology and vasoactive substances secretion from endothelial cells. The matrix proteoglycans such as Decorin and Perlecan could also interfere with angiogenesis and autophagy signaling pathway in endothelial cells (ECs). It seems that the connection between autophagy and angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment is very important in determining the fate of cancer cells. Conclusion Matrix glycoproteins can regulate autophagy and angiogenesis linkage in tumor microenvironment. Also, finding details of how autophagy and angiogenesis correlate in cancer will help adopt more effective therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Kardideh
- 1Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,2Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6714967346 Iran
| | - Zahra Samimi
- 1Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Norooznezhad
- 2Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6714967346 Iran
| | - Sarah Kiani
- 2Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6714967346 Iran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- 2Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6714967346 Iran.,3Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Zi Y, Yi-An Y, Bing J, Yan L, Jing T, Chun-Yu G, Fan P, Hao L, Jia-Ni T, Han-Jin H, Fei C, Xue-Bo L. Sirt6-induced autophagy restricted TREM-1-mediated pyroptosis in ox-LDL-treated endothelial cells: relevance to prognostication of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Cell Death Discov 2019; 5:88. [PMID: 30993014 PMCID: PMC6461678 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-019-0168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation mediated by myeloid cells trigger receptors 1 (TREM-1) is important for atherosclerosis development, while sirtuin 6 (Sirt6) levels decrease in atheroscleoritc plaque. Here we demonstrate that oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-treated endothelial cells (ECs) exhibited increased TREM-1-mediated pyroptosis and decreased Sirt6-induced autophagy. We show that high sTREM-1 and low sSirt6 levels were independent predictors of boosted endothelial microparticles (EMPs) on admission, and were associated with increased risk for all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) at median 24 months (interquartile range, 18–26) follow-up in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. Additionally, blockage of Sirt6-induced autophagy led to augmented TREM-1-mediated pyroptosis, whereas Sirt6 overexpression attenuated ECs inflammation and pyroptosis following ox-LDL treatment. Our findings indicate that TREM-1 and in a reversed trend Sirt6 appeared to be markers of endothelial inflammation with potential for use in risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Yi-An
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Bing
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lai Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Jing
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guan Chun-Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Hao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tang Jia-Ni
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hou Han-Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Fei
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Xue-Bo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Niu C, Chen Z, Kim KT, Sun J, Xue M, Chen G, Li S, Shen Y, Zhu Z, Wang X, Liang J, Jiang C, Cong W, Jin L, Li X. Metformin alleviates hyperglycemia-induced endothelial impairment by downregulating autophagy via the Hedgehog pathway. Autophagy 2019; 15:843-870. [PMID: 30653446 PMCID: PMC6526809 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1569913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies regarding macroautophagic/autophagic regulation in endothelial cells (ECs) under diabetic conditions are very limited. Clinical evidence establishes an endothelial protective effect of metformin, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We aimed to investigate whether metformin exerts its protective role against hyperglycemia-induced endothelial impairment through the autophagy machinery. db/db mice were treated with intravitreal metformin injections. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured either in normal glucose (NG, 5.5 mM) or high glucose (HG, 33 mM) medium in the presence or absence of metformin for 72 h. We observed an obvious inhibition of hyperglycemia-triggered autophagosome synthesis in both the diabetic retinal vasculature and cultured HUVECs by metformin, along with restoration of hyperglycemia-impaired Hedgehog (Hh) pathway activity. Specifically, deletion of ATG7 in retinal vascular ECs of db/db mice and cultured HUVECs indicated a detrimental role of autophagy in hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction. Pretreatment with GANT61, a Hh pathway inhibitor, abolished the metformin-mediated downregulation of autophagy and endothelial protective action. Furthermore, GLI-family (transcription factors of the Hh pathway) knockdown in HUVECs and retinal vasculature revealed that downregulation of hyperglycemia-activated autophagy by the metformin-mediated Hh pathway activation was GLI1 dependent. Mechanistically, GLI1 knockdown-triggered autophagy was related to upregulation of BNIP3, which subsequently disrupted the association of BECN1/Beclin 1 and BCL2. The role of BNIP3 in BECN1 dissociation from BCL2 was further confirmed by BNIP3 overexpression or BNIP3 RNAi. Taken together, the endothelial protective effect of metformin under hyperglycemia conditions could be partly attributed to its role in downregulating autophagy via Hh pathway activation. Abbreviations: 3-MA = 3-methyladenine; 8×GLI BS-FL = 8×GLI-binding site firefly luciferase; AAV = adeno-associated virus; AAV-Cdh5-sh-Atg7 = AAV vectors carrying shRNA against murine Atg7 under control of murine Cdh5 promoter; AAV-Cdh5-sh-Gli1 = AAV vectors carrying shRNA against murine Gli1 under control of murine Cdh5 promoter; AAV-Cdh5-Gli1 = AAV vectors carrying murine Gli1 cDNA under the control of murine Cdh5 core promoter; ACAC = acetyl-CoA carboxylase; Ad-BNIP3 = adenoviruses harboring human BNIP3`; Ad-GLI1 = adenoviruses harboring human GLI1; Ad-sh-ATG7 = adenoviruses harboring shRNA against human ATG7; Ad-sh-BNIP3 = adenoviruses harboring shRNA against human BNIP3; Ad-sh-GLI = adenoviruses harboring shRNA against human GLI; AGEs = advanced glycation end products; ATG = autophagy-related; atg7flox/flox mice = mice bearing an Atg7flox allele, in which exon 14 of the Atg7 gene is flanked by 2 loxP sites; BafA1 = bafilomycin A1; BECN1 = beclin 1; CDH5/VE-cadherin = cadherin 5; CASP3 = caspase 3; CASP8 = caspase 8; CASP9 = caspase 9; ECs = endothelial cells; GAPDH = glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GCL = ganglion cell layer; GFP-LC3B = green fluorescent protein labelled LC3B; HG = high glucose; Hh = Hedgehog; HHIP = hedgehog interacting protein; HUVECs = human umbilical vein endothelial cells; IB4 = isolectin B4; INL = inner nuclear layer; i.p. = intraperitoneal; MAP1LC3/LC3 = microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAN = mannitol; MET = metformin; NG = normal glucose; ONL = outer nuclear layer; p-ACAC = phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase; PECAM1/CD31= platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1; PRKAA1/2 = protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunits alpha 1/2; p-PRKAA1/2 = phosphorylated PRKAA1/2; PTCH1 = patched 1; RAPA = rapamycin; RL = Renilla luciferase; SHH = sonic hedgehog; shRNA = short hairpin RNA; sh-PRKAA1/2 = short hairpin RNA against human PRKAA1/2; scrambled shRNA = the scrambled short hairpin RNA serves as a negative control for the target-specific short hairpin RNA, which has the same nucleotide composition as the input sequence and has no match with any mRNA of the selected organism database; SMO = smoothened, frizzled class receptor; sqRT-PCR = semi-quantitative RT-PCR; TEK/Tie2 = TEK receptor tyrosine kinase; Tek-Cre (+) mice = a mouse strain expressing Cre recombinase under the control of the promoter/enhancer of Tek, in a pan-endothelial fashion; TUNEL = terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP-mediated nick-end labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Niu
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China,School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China,School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Kyoung Tae Kim
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jia Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Mei Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Gen Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Santie Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yingjie Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhongxin Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jiaojiao Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chao Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China,CONTACT Litai Jin ; Weitao Cong ; Chao Jiang School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, P.R. China
| | - Weitao Cong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China,CONTACT Litai Jin ; Weitao Cong ; Chao Jiang School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, P.R. China
| | - Litai Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China,CONTACT Litai Jin ; Weitao Cong ; Chao Jiang School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
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Zhang H, Ge S, He K, Zhao X, Wu Y, Shao Y, Wu X. FoxO1 inhibits autophagosome-lysosome fusion leading to endothelial autophagic-apoptosis in diabetes. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 115:2008-2020. [PMID: 30689742 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Inadequate autophagy contributed to endothelial dysfunction in diabetic patients. We aimed to investigate the relationship between inadequate autophagy and endothelial cells (ECs) apoptosis in diabetes and its underlying mechanism.
Methods and results
Aortic intima and ECs were isolated from diabetic patients. Cultured human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were stimulated with advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The expression of autophagy and apoptosis-related proteins were determined by western blotting. Autophagosomes were observed by electron microscopy. The fusion of autophagosome and lysosomes was detected by immunofluorescence. Compared with non-diabetic subjects, the levels of LC3-II, p62, FoxO1, and Ac-FoxO1 were increased in ECs from diabetic patients, accompanied by the decreased expressions of Atg14, STX17, and co-localization of LC3-II/LAMP2 and Atg14/STX17. Long-term stimulation with AGEs up-regulated LC3-II and p62 expression and the number of autophagosomes with decreased level of Atg14, STX17, Ras-related protein 7 (Rab7), and co-localization of LC3-II/LAMP2 and Atg14/STX17 in HAECs. The apoptosis rates were increased with elevated cleaved-caspase-3 and declined Bcl-2 expression. Inhibition of autophagy with 3-methyladenine could reduce long-term AGEs-induced apoptosis. Higher levels of FoxO1, Ac-FoxO1, and Ac-FoxO1 binding to Atg7 were detected in AGEs-treated HAECs. AGEs-induced FoxO1 enhanced Akt activity, decreased SIRT1-deacetylase activity by phosphorylation and elevated Ac-FoxO1. Knockout of FoxO1 reduced AGEs-induced autophagy and promoted the expression of Atg14 and the co-localization of LC3-II/LAMP 2 and Atg14/STX17.
Conclusion
Inadequate autophagy with impaired autophagosome-lysosomal fusion exists in aortic intima and ECs from diabetic patients. FoxO1 mediates AGEs-induced ECs autophagic apoptosis through impairing autophagosome-lysosomes fusion by inhibiting Atg14 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Lab of Public Platform, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Song Ge
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kesuai He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongfeng Shao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Hassanpour M, Rezabakhsh A, Pezeshkian M, Rahbarghazi R, Nouri M. Distinct role of autophagy on angiogenesis: highlights on the effect of autophagy in endothelial lineage and progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:305. [PMID: 30409213 PMCID: PMC6225658 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays a critical role in the dynamic growth of each cell through different conditions. It seems that this intracellular mechanism acts as a two-edged sword against the numerous cell insults. Previously, autophagy was described in the context of cell activity and behavior, but little knowledge exists related to the role of autophagy in endothelial cells, progenitors, and stem cells biology from different tissues. Angiogenic behavior of endothelial lineage and various stem cells are touted as an inevitable feature in the restoration of different damaged tissues and organs. This capacity was found to be dictated by autophagy signaling pathway. This review article highlights the fundamental role of cell autophagic response in endothelial cells function, stem cells dynamic, and differentiation rate. It seems that elucidation of the mechanisms related to pro- and/or anti-angiogenic potential of autophagy inside endothelial cells and stem cells could help us to modulate stem cell therapeutic feature post-transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Hassanpour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza St., Golgasht St., Tabriz, 5166614756 Iran
- Stem Cell And Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aysa Rezabakhsh
- Emergency Medicine Research Team, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoud Pezeshkian
- Department of Applied Drug Research, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza St., Golgasht St., Tabriz, 5166614756 Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza St., Golgasht St., Tabriz, 5166614756 Iran
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Zhang Y, Whaley-Connell AT, Sowers JR, Ren J. Autophagy as an emerging target in cardiorenal metabolic disease: From pathophysiology to management. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 191:1-22. [PMID: 29909238 PMCID: PMC6195437 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although advances in medical technology and health care have improved the early diagnosis and management for cardiorenal metabolic disorders, the prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and kidney disease remains high. Findings from numerous population-based studies, clinical trials, and experimental evidence have consolidated a number of theories for the pathogenesis of cardiorenal metabolic anomalies including resistance to the metabolic action of insulin, abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative and nitrosative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, apoptosis, mitochondrial damage, and inflammation. Accumulating evidence has recently suggested a pivotal role for proteotoxicity, the unfavorable effects of poor protein quality control, in the pathophysiology of metabolic dysregulation and related cardiovascular complications. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy-lysosomal pathways, two major although distinct cellular clearance machineries, govern protein quality control by degradation and clearance of long-lived or damaged proteins and organelles. Ample evidence has depicted an important role for protein quality control, particularly autophagy, in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. To this end, autophagy offers promising targets for novel strategies to prevent and treat cardiorenal metabolic diseases. Targeting autophagy using pharmacological or natural agents exhibits exciting new strategies for the growing problem of cardiorenal metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
| | - Adam T Whaley-Connell
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA; Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA; Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
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38
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Qiu X, Liu K, Xiao L, Jin S, Dong J, Teng X, Guo Q, Chen Y, Wu Y. Alpha-lipoic acid regulates the autophagy of vascular smooth muscle cells in diabetes by elevating hydrogen sulfide level. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3723-3738. [PMID: 30251691 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunctional vascular smooth muscle (VSM) plays a vital role in the process of atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) can prevent the altered VSM induced by diabetes. However, the precise mechanism underlying the beneficial effect of ALA is not well understood. This study aimed to determine whether ALA ameliorates VSM function by elevating hydrogen sulfide (H2S) level in diabetes and whether this effect is associated with regulation of autophagy of VSM cells (VSMCs). We found decreased serum H2S levels in Chinese patients and rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). ALA treatment could increase H2S level, which reduced the autophagy-related index and activation of the 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, thereby protecting vascular function in rats with T2DM. Propargylglycine (PPG), a cystathionine-γ-lyase inhibitor, could weaken the ALA effect. In cultured VSMCs, high glucose level also reduced H2S level, upregulated the autophagy-related index and activated the AMPK/mTOR pathway, which were reversed by concomitant application of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, an H2S donor) or ALA. The protective effect of NaHS or ALA was attenuated by rapamycin (an autophagy activator), 5-amino-1-β-d-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide (an AMPK activator) or PPG. In contrast, Compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) enhanced the effect of ALA or NaHS. ALA may have a protective effect on VSMCs in T2DM by elevating H2S level and downregulating autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR pathway. This study provides a new target for addressing diabetic macroangiopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Qiu
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China; Department of Endocrinology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Kuanzhi Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Sheng Jin
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Jinghui Dong
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Xu Teng
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China; Intensive Care Unit, Forth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, China
| | - Yuming Wu
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Medicine of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China.
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Huang C, Lu H, Xu J, Yu H, Wang X, Zhang X. Protective roles of autophagy in retinal pigment epithelium under high glucose condition via regulating PINK1/Parkin pathway and BNIP3L. Biol Res 2018; 51:22. [PMID: 30012208 PMCID: PMC6047129 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-018-0169-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our study aimed to investigate the roles of autophagy against high glucose induced response in retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19 cells). Methods The morphological changes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in ARPE-19 cells under high glucose treatment were respectively detected using the transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry. The expression levels of Parkin, PINK1, BNIP3L, LC3-I and LC3-II in ARPE-19 cells received high glucose treatment were measured by western blot after pretreatment of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), 3-methyladenine (3-MA), N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or cyclosporin A (CsA) followed by high glucose treatment. Results ARPE-19 cells subjected to high glucose stress showed an obvious reduction in the LC3-I expression and significant increase in the number of autophagosomes, in the intracellular ROS level, and in the expression levels of Parkin, PINK1, BNIP3L and LC3-II (p < 0.05). Pretreatment with CCCP significantly reduced the LC3-I expression and increased the expression levels of Parkin, PINK1, BNIP3L and LC3-II (p < 0.05). ARPE-19 cells pretreated with CsA under high glucose stress showed markedly down-regulated expressions of Parkin, PINK1 and BNIP3L compared with the cells treated with high glucose (p < 0.05). Pretreatment of ARPE-19 cells with NAC or 3-MA under high glucose stress resulted in a marked reduction in the expression levels of PINK1, BNIP3L and LC3-II (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the expression level of Parkin in the ARPE-19 cells pretreated with NAC under high glucose stress was comparable with that in the control cells. Conclusion Autophagy might have protective roles against high glucose induced injury in ARPE19 cells via regulating PINK1/Parkin pathway and BNIP3L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengchi Huang
- Ophthalmology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 17 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Ophthalmology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Junyu Xu
- Ophthalmology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Hongmin Yu
- Ophthalmology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Ophthalmology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Ophthalmology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China.
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40
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Wang W, Song A, Zeng Y, Chen X, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Lin Y, Luo W. Telmisartan protects chronic intermittent hypoxic mice via modulating cardiac renin-angiotensin system activity. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2018; 18:133. [PMID: 29969996 PMCID: PMC6029129 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-018-0875-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), which mimics sleep apnea syndrome, on the cardiac renin angiotensin system (RAS), and to investigate the cardiac protection of an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)telmisartan (TERT) against CIH. METHODS 32 healthy male C57B6J mice were randomly divided into CIH, ARB, blank and air control groups. CIH lasted for 12 weeks. Cardiac angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2) and angiotensin II (Ang II) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Myocardial apoptosis were assessed by TUNEL assay and myocardial cell ultrastructure were observed under transmission electron microscope. RESULTS Cardiac ACE expression was higher in the CIH group than in blank and air control groups, which was decreased with TERT treatment. TERT treatment elevated the expression of cardiac ACE 2 and Ang II compared with CIH group. Myocardial cell and capillary endothelial cell apoptosis, mitochondrial injury were most severe in CIH groups, which were mitigated with TERT treatment. CONCLUSIONS CIH changes the expression of cardiac ACE, ACE2 and Ang II, which may cause myocardial damage. TERT protects mice from CIH-linked cardiac damage via modulating the activity of RAS in the hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyu Wang
- Pneumology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of XiaMen University, The first clinical medical college of Fujian Medical University Teaching hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ailing Song
- Pneumology Department of Wuxi Branch of Rijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai jiaotong university medical college, Wuxi, China
| | - Yiming Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Sleep and Breathing Disorders Research Institute of Fujian Medical University, No.34 Zhongshan North Road, Licheng District, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China.
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Sleep and Breathing Disorders Research Institute of Fujian Medical University, No.34 Zhongshan North Road, Licheng District, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Yixiang Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Sleep and Breathing Disorders Research Institute of Fujian Medical University, No.34 Zhongshan North Road, Licheng District, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Yonghong Shi
- Pneumology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of XiaMen University, The first clinical medical college of Fujian Medical University Teaching hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yihua Lin
- Pneumology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of XiaMen University, The first clinical medical college of Fujian Medical University Teaching hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wen Luo
- Pneumology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of XiaMen University, The first clinical medical college of Fujian Medical University Teaching hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
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Siasos G, Tsigkou V, Kosmopoulos M, Theodosiadis D, Simantiris S, Tagkou NM, Tsimpiktsioglou A, Stampouloglou PK, Oikonomou E, Mourouzis K, Philippou A, Vavuranakis M, Stefanadis C, Tousoulis D, Papavassiliou AG. Mitochondria and cardiovascular diseases-from pathophysiology to treatment. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:256. [PMID: 30069458 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.06.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the source of cellular energy production and are present in different types of cells. However, their function is especially important for the heart due to the high demands in energy which is achieved through oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondria form large networks which regulate metabolism and the optimal function is achieved through the balance between mitochondrial fusion and mitochondrial fission. Moreover, mitochondrial function is upon quality control via the process of mitophagy which removes the damaged organelles. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with the development of numerous cardiac diseases such as atherosclerosis, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, hypertension, diabetes, cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure (HF), due to the uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, early control of mitochondrial dysfunction is a crucial step in the therapy of cardiac diseases. A number of anti-oxidant molecules and medications have been used but the results are inconsistent among the studies. Eventually, the aim of future research is to design molecules which selectively target mitochondrial dysfunction and restore the capacity of cellular anti-oxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerasimos Siasos
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.,Division of Cardiovascular, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vasiliki Tsigkou
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Marinos Kosmopoulos
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimosthenis Theodosiadis
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Simantiris
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikoletta Maria Tagkou
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Athina Tsimpiktsioglou
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota K Stampouloglou
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Mourouzis
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Philippou
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Manolis Vavuranakis
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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Gao Y, Zhu H, Yang F, Wang Q, Feng Y, Zhang C. Glucocorticoid-activated IRE1α/XBP-1s signaling: an autophagy-associated protective pathway against endotheliocyte damage. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 315:C300-C309. [PMID: 29768047 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00009.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced endothelial injury has been reported in several diseases. Although there are several theories, the exact mechanism underlying the role of glucocorticoids in this process remains unclear. Autophagy has been reported to occur as a response to different stimuli and can affect cell survival and function. In this study, we found that glucocorticoids induced apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in endotheliocytes. Furthermore, we discovered that glucocorticoids induced autophagy in these cells and the inositol requiring protein 1 (IRE1α)/X-box binding protein 1s (XBP-1s) axis, one of the downstream signaling pathways of ER stress, was associated with the glucocorticoid-induced autophagy. The autophagy partly protected endotheliocytes from glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation. In conclusion, glucocorticoid-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress activated the IRE1α/XBP-1s signaling and induced autophagy, which, in turn, played a protective role in endotheliocyte survival and proliferation, avoiding further cellular damage caused by glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai , China
| | - Hongyi Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai , China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai , China
| | - Qiyang Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai , China
| | - Yong Feng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai , China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai , China
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Jing T, Ya-Shu K, Xue-Jun W, Han-Jing H, Yan L, Yi-An Y, Fei C, Xue-Bo L. Sirt6 mRNA-incorporated endothelial microparticles (EMPs) attenuates DM patient-derived EMP-induced endothelial dysfunction. Oncotarget 2017; 8:114300-114313. [PMID: 29371988 PMCID: PMC5768405 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial microparticles (EMPs) are small vesicles released by endothelial cells (ECs); they are considered biomarkers for endothelial dysfunction and therapeutic targets in diabetes-related vascular disease. Sirtuins have also been shown to play important roles in diabetes by regulating endothelial dysfunction. However, the effect of sirtuin-incorporated EMPs on their parental ECs remains unknown. Aim The present study aims to investigate the diagnostic value of EMPs in diabetes and detect the protective effects of sirtuin 6 (Sirt6) mRNA -incorporated EMPs on endothelial dysfunction. Methods EMPs were prepared from cultured HUVECs and venous blood from patients with diabetes (n=10) and from healthy volunteers (n=6) after sequential centrifugation. Adv-Sirt6 or Sirt6 siRNA was used to alter Sirt6 expression. EC angiogenesis, inflammatory phenotypes, nitric oxide (NO) formation and eNOS phosphorylation were used to evaluate endothelial dysfunction. Results The levels of EMPs in diabetic patients and high glucose-cultured HUVECs are high, whereas Sirt6 expression in plasma and EMPs is low. EMPs generated from diabetic patients or high glucose-cultured HUVECs increase inflammatory chemokine release and blunt EC angiogenesis. Furthermore, EMPs enriched with Sirt6 mRNA induces EC angiogenesis, increases eNOS phosphorylation and impedes inflammatory chemokine release. Inhibition of Sirt6 mRNA expression in EMPs by siRNA hinders angiogenesis and eNOS phosphorylation but increases cellular inflammation. Conclusion The Sirt6 mRNA-carrying EMPs may ameliorate endothelial dysfunction in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Jing
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kuang Ya-Shu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Xue-Jun
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hou Han-Jing
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lai Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Yi-An
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Fei
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Xue-Bo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on high glucose‑induced autophagy inhibition in peritoneum. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7080-7085. [PMID: 28901396 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
High glucose (HG) may damage the structure and function of the peritoneal membrane, and is considered to be one of the most important factors that leads to peritoneal fibrosis and ultrafiltration failure. Recently, 1,25(OH)2D3, the active form of vitamin D, was demonstrated to protect against epithelial‑mesenchymal transition and fibrosis in peritoneal mesothelium and other organs. Accumulating evidence has suggested that autophagy serves a protective role in certain diseases by regulating cell survival. The present study examined whether 1,25(OH)2D3 has an effect on autophagy in peritoneal mesothelial cells. The protein level of Beclin, anti‑ubiquitin‑binding protein p62 (p62), microtubule‑associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3-II), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and phosphorylated mTOR were evaluated by western blot analysis. Autophagosomes were detected under transmission electron microscopy. It was revealed that exposure to HG inhibited autophagy in peritoneal mesothelial cells. However, 1,25(OH)2D3 alleviated autophagy inhibition induced by HG in human peritoneal mesothelial cells, which activated expression of autophagy‑associated genes encoding Beclin‑1 and LC3-II downregulated the expression of p62 via mTOR signaling pathway. In a mouse model of HG‑treated peritoneal mesothelium, autophagy inhibition was observed in peritoneum, 1,25(OH)2D3 attenuated HG‑induced autophagy inhibition in peritoneal mesothelium via the mTOR signaling pathway. These findings suggested that 1,25(OH)2D3 may be a potential therapy for peritoneal injury.
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Deng SY, Zhang LM, Ai YH, Pan PH, Zhao SP, Su XL, Wu DD, Tan HY, Zhang LN, Tsung A. Role of interferon regulatory factor-1 in lipopolysaccharide-induced mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress responses in macrophages. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1261-1269. [PMID: 28849179 PMCID: PMC5593470 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis causes many early deaths; both macrophage mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress responses are key factors in its pathogenesis. Although the exact mechanisms responsible for sepsis-induced mitochondrial damage are unknown, the nuclear transcription factor, interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) has been reported to cause mitochondrial damage in several diseases. Previously, we reported that in addition to promoting systemic inflammation, IRF-1 promoted the apoptosis of and inhibited autophagy in macrophages. In the present study, we hypothesized that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IRF-1 activation in macrophages may promote mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress. In vitro, LPS was found to promote IRF-1 activation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion, superoxide dismutase (SOD) consumption, malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and mitochondrial depolarization in macrophages in a time- and dose-dependent manner. These effects were abrogated in cells in which IRF-1 was knocked down. Furthermore, IRF-1 overexpression increased LPS-induced oxidative stress responses and mitochondrial damage. In vivo, peritoneal macrophages obtained from IRF-1 knockout (KO) mice produced less ROS and had less mitochondrial depolarization and damage following the administration of LPS, when compared to their wild-type (WT) counterparts. In addition, IRF-1 KO mice exhibited a decreased release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) following the administration of LPS. Thus, IRF-1 may be a critical factor in augmenting LPS-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yun Deng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Le-Meng Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Hang Ai
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Pin-Hua Pan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Shuang-Ping Zhao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Li Su
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Dong Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yi Tan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Li-Na Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Berger MD, Yamauchi S, Cao S, Hanna DL, Sunakawa Y, Schirripa M, Matsusaka S, Yang D, Groshen S, Zhang W, Ning Y, Okazaki S, Miyamoto Y, Suenaga M, Lonardi S, Cremolini C, Falcone A, Heinemann V, Loupakis F, Stintzing S, Lenz HJ. Autophagy-related polymorphisms predict hypertension in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with FOLFIRI and bevacizumab: Results from TRIBE and FIRE-3 trials. Eur J Cancer 2017; 77:13-20. [PMID: 28347919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The most frequent bevacizumab-related side-effects are hypertension, proteinuria, bleeding and thromboembolism. To date, there is no biomarker that predicts anti-VEGF-associated toxicity. As autophagy inhibits angiogenesis, we hypothesised that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within autophagy-related genes may predict bevacizumab-mediated toxicity in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with mCRC treated with first-line FOLFIRI and bevacizumab in two phase III randomised trials, namely the TRIBE trial (n = 219, discovery cohort) and the FIRE-3 trial (n = 234, validation cohort) were included in this study. Patients receiving treatment with FOLFIRI and cetuximab (FIRE-3, n = 204) served as a negative control. 12 SNPs in eight autophagy-related genes (ATG3/5/8/13, beclin 1, FIP200, unc-51-like kinase 1, UVRAG) were analysed by PCR-based direct sequencing. RESULTS The FIP200 rs1129660 variant showed significant associations with hypertension in the TRIBE cohort. Patients harbouring any G allele of the FIP200 rs1129660 SNP showed a significantly lower rate of grade 2-3 hypertension compared with the A/A genotype (3% versus 15%, odds ratio [OR] 0.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.02-0.73; P = 0.009). Similarly, G allele carriers of the FIP200 rs1129660 SNP were less likely to develop grade 2-3 hypertension than patients with an A/A genotype in the FIRE-3 validation cohort (9% versus 20%, OR 0.43; 95% CI, 0.14-1.11; P = 0.077), whereas this association could not be observed in the control cohort (12% versus 9%, OR 1.40; 95% CI, 0.45-4.04; P = 0.60). CONCLUSION This is the first report demonstrating that polymorphisms in the autophagy-related FIP200 gene may predict hypertension in patients with mCRC treated with FOLFIRI and bevacizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin D Berger
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Shinichi Yamauchi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Shu Cao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Diana L Hanna
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yu Sunakawa
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Marta Schirripa
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Oncologia Medica 1, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Satoshi Matsusaka
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Dongyun Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Susan Groshen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Wu Zhang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yan Ning
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Satoshi Okazaki
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yuji Miyamoto
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Mitsukuni Suenaga
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Sara Lonardi
- Oncologia Medica 1, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Cremolini
- U.O. Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alfredo Falcone
- U.O. Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Volker Heinemann
- Department of Medical Oncology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Munich (LMU), Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Fotios Loupakis
- Oncologia Medica 1, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Sebastian Stintzing
- Department of Medical Oncology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Munich (LMU), Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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Li M, Zhao Y, Hao H, Dong L, Liu J, Han W, Fu X. Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cell-conditioned medium exerts in vitro antiaging effects in human fibroblasts. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:371-383. [PMID: 28081982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Chronic wounds are a common complication of diabetes. Fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation is important for wound repair, which is commonly impaired in non-healing wounds, and the underlying mechanisms need to be further elucidated. METHODS We used high glucose (HG) to simulated the diabetes microenvironment and explored its effects on the biological features of fibroblasts in vitro. RESULTS The results showed that prolonged HG induced senescence in fibroblasts through activation of p21 and p16 in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent manner, further delayed the viability and migration in fibroblasts and also depressed fibroblast differentiation through the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. However, mesenchymal stromal cell-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) counteracts the effects of HG. Treatment of fibroblasts with MSC-CM decreased HG-induced ROS overproduction, ameliorated HG-induced senescence in fibroblasts and reversed the defects in myofibroblast formation. Our results may provide clues for the pathogenesis of chronic wounds and a theoretical basis to develop MSC-CM as an alternative therapeutic method to treatment of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Li
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Trauma Treatment Center, Central Laboratory, Hainan Branch, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Trauma Treatment Center, Central Laboratory, Hainan Branch, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Haojie Hao
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Dong
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiejie Liu
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Han
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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CLOCK Promotes Endothelial Damage by Inducing Autophagy through Reactive Oxygen Species. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:9591482. [PMID: 28058089 PMCID: PMC5183792 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9591482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A number of recent studies have implicated that autophagy was activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our previous report indicated that CLOCK increased the accumulation of ROS under hypoxic conditions. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms by which CLOCK mediated endothelial damage, focusing on the involvement of oxidative damage and autophagy. Overexpression of CLOCK in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) showed inhibition of cell proliferation and higher autophagosome with an increased expression of Beclin1 and LC3-I/II under hypoxic conditions. In contrast, CLOCK silencing reversed these effects. Interestingly, pretreatment with 3-methyladenine (3-MA) resulted in the attenuation of CLOCK-induced cell autophagy and but did not influence the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, Tiron (4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzene disulfonic acid-disodium salt), a ROS scavenger, significantly attenuated CLOCK-induced cell autophagy. In addition, we found that overexpression of CLOCK had no significant effects on the production of ROS and expression of Beclin1 and LC3-I/II under normoxic conditions in HUVEC. In this present investigation, our results suggested a novel mechanism of action of CLOCK in HUVECs, opening up the possibility of targeting CLOCK for the treatment of vascular diseases.
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Franconi F, Rosano G, Basili S, Montella A, Campesi I. Human cells involved in atherosclerosis have a sex. Int J Cardiol 2016; 228:983-1001. [PMID: 27915217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The influence of sex has been largely described in cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerosis is a complex process that involves many cell types such as vessel cells, immune cells and endothelial progenitor cells; however, many, if not all, studies do not report the sex of the cells. This review focuses on sex differences in human cells involved in the atherosclerotic process, emphasizing the role of sex hormones. Furthermore, we report sex differences and issues related to the processes that determine the fate of the cells such as apoptotic and autophagic mechanisms. The analysis of the data reveals that there are still many gaps in our knowledge regarding sex influences in atherosclerosis, largely for the cell types that have not been well studied, stressing the urgent need for a clear definition of experimental conditions and the inclusion of both sexes in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Franconi
- Assessorato alle Politiche per la Persona of Basilicata Region, Potenza, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rosano
- Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, St. George's University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefania Basili
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties - Research Center on Gender and Evaluation and Promotion of Quality in Medicine (CEQUAM), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Montella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Campesi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Laboratory of Sex-Gender Medicine, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Osilo, Italy.
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Autophagy in kidney disease and aging: lessons from rodent models. Kidney Int 2016; 90:950-964. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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