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Fišar Z, Hroudová J. CoQ 10 and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:191. [PMID: 38397789 PMCID: PMC10885987 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The progress in understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is based on the recognition of the primary causes of the disease, which can be deduced from the knowledge of risk factors and biomarkers measurable in the early stages of the disease. Insights into the risk factors and the time course of biomarker abnormalities point to a role for the connection of amyloid beta (Aβ) pathology, tau pathology, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress in the onset and development of AD. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a lipid antioxidant and electron transporter in the mitochondrial electron transport system. The availability and activity of CoQ10 is crucial for proper mitochondrial function and cellular bioenergetics. Based on the mitochondrial hypothesis of AD and the hypothesis of oxidative stress, the regulation of the efficiency of the oxidative phosphorylation system by means of CoQ10 can be considered promising in restoring the mitochondrial function impaired in AD, or in preventing the onset of mitochondrial dysfunction and the development of amyloid and tau pathology in AD. This review summarizes the knowledge on the pathophysiology of AD, in which CoQ10 may play a significant role, with the aim of evaluating the perspective of the pharmacotherapy of AD with CoQ10 and its analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Fišar
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
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Mollace R, Scarano F, Bava I, Carresi C, Maiuolo J, Tavernese A, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Muscoli S, Palma E, Muscoli C, Salvemini D, Federici M, Macrì R, Mollace V. Modulation of the nitric oxide/cGMP pathway in cardiac contraction and relaxation: Potential role in heart failure treatment. Pharmacol Res 2023; 196:106931. [PMID: 37722519 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Evidence exists that heart failure (HF) has an overall impact of 1-2 % in the global population being often associated with comorbidities that contribute to increased disease prevalence, hospitalization, and mortality. Recent advances in pharmacological approaches have significantly improved clinical outcomes for patients with vascular injury and HF. Nevertheless, there remains an unmet need to clarify the crucial role of nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (NO/cGMP) signalling in cardiac contraction and relaxation, to better identify the key mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of myocardial dysfunction both with reduced (HFrEF) as well as preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Indeed, NO signalling plays a crucial role in cardiovascular homeostasis and its dysregulation induces a significant increase in oxidative and nitrosative stress, producing anatomical and physiological cardiac alterations that can lead to heart failure. The present review aims to examine the molecular mechanisms involved in the bioavailability of NO and its modulation of downstream pathways. In particular, we focus on the main therapeutic targets and emphasize the recent evidence of preclinical and clinical studies, describing the different emerging therapeutic strategies developed to counteract NO impaired signalling and cardiovascular disease (CVD) development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Mollace
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Irene Bava
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Pharmaceutical Biology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Annamaria Tavernese
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Pharmaceutical Biology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Saverio Muscoli
- Division of Cardiology, Foundation PTV Polyclinic Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Massimo Federici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy; Renato Dulbecco Institute, Lamezia Terme, Catanzaro 88046, Italy.
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Diquigiovanni C, Rizzardi N, Kampmeier A, Liparulo I, Bianco F, De Nicolo B, Cataldi-Stagetti E, Cuna E, Severi G, Seri M, Bertrand M, Haack TB, Marina AD, Braun F, Fato R, Kuechler A, Bergamini C, Bonora E. Mutant SPART causes defects in mitochondrial protein import and bioenergetics reversed by Coenzyme Q. Open Biol 2023; 13:230040. [PMID: 37433330 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in SPART cause Troyer syndrome, characterized by lower extremity spasticity and weakness, short stature and cognitive impairment, and a severe mitochondrial impairment. Herein, we report the identification of a role of Spartin in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins. SPART biallelic missense variants were detected in a 5-year-old boy with short stature, developmental delay and muscle weakness with impaired walking distance. Patient-derived fibroblasts showed an altered mitochondrial network, decreased mitochondrial respiration, increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and altered Ca2+ versus control cells. We investigated the mitochondrial import of nuclear-encoded proteins in these fibroblasts and in another cell model carrying a SPART loss-of-function mutation. In both cell models the mitochondrial import was impaired, leading to a significant decrease in different proteins, including two key enzymes involved in CoQ10 (CoQ) synthesis, COQ7 and COQ9, with a severe reduction in CoQ content, versus control cells. CoQ supplementation restored cellular ATP levels to the same extent shown by the re-expression of wild-type SPART, suggesting CoQ treatment as a promising therapeutic approach for patients carrying mutations in SPART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Diquigiovanni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Nicola Rizzardi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Antje Kampmeier
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45122, Germany
| | - Irene Liparulo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Francesca Bianco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40064, Italy
| | - Bianca De Nicolo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Erica Cataldi-Stagetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Cuna
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Giulia Severi
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Marco Seri
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Miriam Bertrand
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Tobias B Haack
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Adela Della Marina
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45122, Germany
| | - Frederik Braun
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45122, Germany
| | - Romana Fato
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Alma Kuechler
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45122, Germany
| | - Christian Bergamini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Elena Bonora
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
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Gharib E, Veilleux V, Boudreau LH, Pichaud N, Robichaud GA. Platelet-derived microparticles provoke chronic lymphocytic leukemia malignancy through metabolic reprogramming. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1207631. [PMID: 37441073 PMCID: PMC10333545 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1207631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is well established that inflammation and platelets promote multiple processes of cancer malignancy. Recently, platelets have received attention for their role in carcinogenesis through the production of microvesicles or platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs), which transfer their biological content to cancer cells. We have previously characterized a new subpopulation of these microparticles (termed mito-microparticles), which package functional mitochondria. The potential of mitochondria transfer to cancer cells is particularly impactful as many aspects of mitochondrial biology (i.e., cell growth, apoptosis inhibition, and drug resistance) coincide with cancer hallmarks and disease progression. These metabolic aspects are particularly notable in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), which is characterized by a relentless accumulation of proliferating, immunologically dysfunctional, mature B-lymphocytes that fail to undergo apoptosis. The present study aimed to investigate the role of PMPs on CLL metabolic plasticity leading to cancer cell phenotypic changes. Methods CLL cell lines were co-incubated with different concentrations of human PMPs, and their impact on cell proliferation, mitochondrial DNA copy number, OCR level, ATP production, and ROS content was evaluated. Essential genes involved in metabolic-reprogramming were identified using the bioinformatics tools, examined between patients with early and advanced CLL stages, and then validated in PMP-recipient CLLs. Finally, the impact of the induced metabolic reprogramming on CLLs' growth, survival, mobility, and invasiveness was tested against anti-cancer drugs Cytarabine, Venetoclax, and Plumbagin. Results The data demonstrated the potency of PMPs in inducing tumoral growth and invasiveness in CLLs through mitochondrial internalization and OXPHOS stimulation which was in line with metabolic shift reported in CLL patients from early to advanced stages. This metabolic rewiring also improved CLL cells' resistance to Cytarabine, Venetoclax, and Plumbagin chemo drugs. Conclusion Altogether, these findings depict a new platelet-mediated pathway of cancer pathogenesis. We also highlight the impact of PMPs in CLL metabolic reprogramming and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Gharib
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB, Canada
- New Brunswick Center for Precision Medicine, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Vanessa Veilleux
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB, Canada
- New Brunswick Center for Precision Medicine, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Luc H Boudreau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
- New Brunswick Center for Precision Medicine, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pichaud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
- New Brunswick Center for Precision Medicine, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Gilles A Robichaud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB, Canada
- New Brunswick Center for Precision Medicine, Moncton, NB, Canada
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Casanova A, Wevers A, Navarro-Ledesma S, Pruimboom L. Mitochondria: It is all about energy. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1114231. [PMID: 37179826 PMCID: PMC10167337 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1114231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a key role in both health and disease. Their function is not limited to energy production but serves multiple mechanisms varying from iron and calcium homeostasis to the production of hormones and neurotransmitters, such as melatonin. They enable and influence communication at all physical levels through interaction with other organelles, the nucleus, and the outside environment. The literature suggests crosstalk mechanisms between mitochondria and circadian clocks, the gut microbiota, and the immune system. They might even be the hub supporting and integrating activity across all these domains. Hence, they might be the (missing) link in both health and disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction is related to metabolic syndrome, neuronal diseases, cancer, cardiovascular and infectious diseases, and inflammatory disorders. In this regard, diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), and chronic pain are discussed. This review focuses on understanding the mitochondrial mechanisms of action that allow for the maintenance of mitochondrial health and the pathways toward dysregulated mechanisms. Although mitochondria have allowed us to adapt to changes over the course of evolution, in turn, evolution has shaped mitochondria. Each evolution-based intervention influences mitochondria in its own way. The use of physiological stress triggers tolerance to the stressor, achieving adaptability and resistance. This review describes strategies that could recover mitochondrial functioning in multiple diseases, providing a comprehensive, root-cause-focused, integrative approach to recovering health and treating people suffering from chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaloha Casanova
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Melilla, Spain
- PNI Europe, The Hague, Netherlands
- Chair of Clinical Psychoneuroimmunology, University of Granada and PNI Europe, Granada, Spain
| | - Anne Wevers
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Melilla, Spain
- PNI Europe, The Hague, Netherlands
- Chair of Clinical Psychoneuroimmunology, University of Granada and PNI Europe, Granada, Spain
| | - Santiago Navarro-Ledesma
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Melilla, Spain
- PNI Europe, The Hague, Netherlands
- Chair of Clinical Psychoneuroimmunology, University of Granada and PNI Europe, Granada, Spain
| | - Leo Pruimboom
- PNI Europe, The Hague, Netherlands
- Chair of Clinical Psychoneuroimmunology, University of Granada and PNI Europe, Granada, Spain
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Lazzarino G, Mangione R, Saab MW, Tavazzi B, Pittalà A, Signoretti S, Di Pietro V, Lazzarino G, Amorini AM. Traumatic Brain Injury Alters Cerebral Concentrations and Redox States of Coenzymes Q 9 and Q 10 in the Rat. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12050985. [PMID: 37237851 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12050985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, there is no information on the effect of TBI on the changes in brain CoQ levels and possible variations in its redox state. In this study, we induced graded TBIs (mild TBI, mTBI and severe TBI, sTBI) in male rats, using the weight-drop closed-head impact acceleration model of trauma. At 7 days post-injury, CoQ9, CoQ10 and α-tocopherol were measured by HPLC in brain extracts of the injured rats, as well as in those of a group of control sham-operated rats. In the controls, about the 69% of total CoQ was in the form of CoQ9 and the oxidized/reduced ratios of CoQ9 and CoQ10 were, respectively, 1.05 ± 0.07 and 1.42 ± 0.17. No significant changes in these values were observed in rats experiencing mTBI. Conversely, in the brains of sTBI-injured animals, an increase in reduced and a decrease in oxidized CoQ9 produced an oxidized/reduced ratio of 0.81 ± 0.1 (p < 0.001 compared with both controls and mTBI). A concomitant decrease in both reduced and oxidized CoQ10 generated a corresponding oxidized/reduced ratio of 1.38 ± 0.23 (p < 0.001 compared with both controls and mTBI). An overall decrease in the concentration of the total CoQ pool was also found in sTBI-injured rats (p < 0.001 compared with both controls and mTBI). Concerning α-tocopherol, whilst no differences compared with the controls were found in mTBI animals, a significant decrease was observed in rats experiencing sTBI (p < 0.01 compared with both controls and mTBI). Besides suggesting potentially different functions and intracellular distributions of CoQ9 and CoQ10 in rat brain mitochondria, these results demonstrate, for the first time to the best of knowledge, that sTBI alters the levels and redox states of CoQ9 and CoQ10, thus adding a new explanation to the mitochondrial impairment affecting ETC, OXPHOS, energy supply and antioxidant defenses following sTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Lazzarino
- Departmental Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Via di Sant'Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Renata Mangione
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensive and Perioperative Clinics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart of Rome, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Miriam Wissam Saab
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Barbara Tavazzi
- Departmental Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Via di Sant'Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pittalà
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Signoretti
- Departmental Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Via di Sant'Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy
- Department of Emergency and Urgency, Division of Neurosurgery, S. Eugenio/CTO Hospital, A.S.L. Roma2 Piazzale dell'Umanesimo 10, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Pietro
- Neurotrauma and Ophthalmology Research Group, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - Giuseppe Lazzarino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Maria Amorini
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Lipid-droplet associated mitochondria promote fatty-acid oxidation through a distinct bioenergetic pattern in male Wistar rats. Nat Commun 2023; 14:766. [PMID: 36765117 PMCID: PMC9918515 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36432-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria empower the liver to regulate lipid homeostasis by enabling fatty acid oxidation during starvation and lipogenesis during nutrient-rich conditions. It is unknown if mitochondria can seamlessly regulate these two distinct processes or if two discrete populations of mitochondria achieve these two functions in the liver. For the first time in the liver, we report the isolation of two distinct populations of mitochondria from male Wistar rats on an ad-libitum diet: cytoplasmic mitochondria and lipid droplet-associated mitochondria. Our studies show that while lipid droplet mitochondria exhibit higher fatty acid oxidation and are marked by enhanced levels of pACC2, MFN2, and CPT1 activity, cytoplasmic mitochondria are associated with higher respiration capacity. Notably, lipid droplet-associated mitochondria isolated from a non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) rat model are compromised for fatty acid oxidation. We demonstrate the importance of functional segregation of mitochondria as any aberration in lipid droplet-associated mitochondria may lead to NAFLD.
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He L, Tronstad KJ, Maheshwari A. Mitochondrial Dynamics during Development. NEWBORN (CLARKSVILLE, MD.) 2023; 2:19-44. [PMID: 37206581 PMCID: PMC10193651 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-11002-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells. These are important for the generation of chemical energy needed to power various cellular functions and also support metabolic, energetic, and epigenetic regulation in various cells. These organelles are also important for communication with the nucleus and other cellular structures, to maintain developmental sequences and somatic homeostasis, and for cellular adaptation to stress. Increasing information shows mitochondrial defects as an important cause of inherited disorders in different organ systems. In this article, we provide an extensive review of ontogeny, ultrastructural morphology, biogenesis, functional dynamics, important clinical manifestations of mitochondrial dysfunction, and possibilities for clinical intervention. We present information from our own clinical and laboratory research in conjunction with information collected from an extensive search in the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling He
- Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States of America
| | | | - Akhil Maheshwari
- Founding Chairman, Global Newborn Society, Clarksville, Maryland, United States of America
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Ley-Ngardigal S, Bertolin G. Approaches to monitor ATP levels in living cells: where do we stand? FEBS J 2022; 289:7940-7969. [PMID: 34437768 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
ATP is the most universal and essential energy molecule in cells. This is due to its ability to store cellular energy in form of high-energy phosphate bonds, which are extremely stable and readily usable by the cell. This energy is key for a variety of biological functions such as cell growth and division, metabolism, and signaling, and for the turnover of biomolecules. Understanding how ATP is produced and hydrolyzed with a spatiotemporal resolution is necessary to understand its functions both in physiological and in pathological contexts. In this review, first we will describe the organization of the electron transport chain and ATP synthase, the main molecular motor for ATP production in mitochondria. Second, we will review the biochemical assays currently available to estimate ATP quantities in cells, and we will compare their readouts, strengths, and weaknesses. Finally, we will explore the palette of genetically encoded biosensors designed for microscopy-based approaches, and show how their spatiotemporal resolution opened up the possibility to follow ATP levels in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyta Ley-Ngardigal
- CNRS, Univ Rennes, IGDR (Genetics and Development Institute of Rennes), Rennes, France.,LVMH Research Perfumes and Cosmetics, Saint-Jean-de-Braye, France
| | - Giulia Bertolin
- CNRS, Univ Rennes, IGDR (Genetics and Development Institute of Rennes), Rennes, France
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10
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Ferroptosis: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137420. [PMID: 35806425 PMCID: PMC9267109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a type of programmed cell death caused by phospholipid peroxidation that has been implicated as a mechanism in several diseases resulting from ischemic-reperfusion injury. Most recently, ferroptosis has been identified as a possible key injury mechanism in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI). This review summarizes the current literature regarding the different ferroptotic pathways, how they may be activated after neonatal HIBI, and which current or investigative interventions may attenuate ferroptotic cell death associated with neonatal HIBI.
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Abstract
Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) is a ubiquitously expressed intracellular enzyme that is known to have a protective role from oxidative stress. Clinical studies have also demonstrated the significance of PON2 in the manifestation of cardiovascular and several other diseases, and hence, it is considered an important biomarker. Recent findings of its expression in brain tissue suggest its potential protective effect on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Polymorphisms of PON2 in humans are a risk factor in many pathological conditions, suggesting a possible mechanism of its anti-oxidative property probably through lactonase activity. However, exogenous factors may also modulate the expression and activity of PON2. Hence, this review aims to report the mechanism by which PON2 expression is regulated and its role in oxidative stress disorders such as neurodegeneration and tumor formation. The role of PON2 owing to its lactonase activity in bacterial infectious diseases and association of PON2 polymorphism with pathological conditions are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauzia Parween
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rinkoo Devi Gupta
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
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12
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Parween F, Gupta RD. Insights into the role of paraoxonase 2 in human pathophysiology. J Biosci 2022; 47:4. [PMID: 35092416 PMCID: PMC8721187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) is a ubiquitously expressed intracellular enzyme that is known to have a protective role from oxidative stress. Clinical studies have also demonstrated the significance of PON2 in the manifestation of cardiovascular and several other diseases, and hence, it is considered an important biomarker. Recent findings of its expression in brain tissue suggest its potential protective effect on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Polymorphisms of PON2 in humans are a risk factor in many pathological conditions, suggesting a possible mechanism of its anti-oxidative property probably through lactonase activity. However, exogenous factors may also modulate the expression and activity of PON2. Hence, this review aims to report the mechanism by which PON2 expression is regulated and its role in oxidative stress disorders such as neurodegeneration and tumor formation. The role of PON2 owing to its lactonase activity in bacterial infectious diseases and association of PON2 polymorphism with pathological conditions are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauzia Parween
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rinkoo Devi Gupta
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
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Palacka P, Gvozdjáková A, Rausová Z, Kucharská J, Slopovský J, Obertová J, Furka D, Furka S, Singh KK, Sumbalová Z. Platelet Mitochondrial Bioenergetics Reprogramming in Patients with Urothelial Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:388. [PMID: 35008814 PMCID: PMC8745267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial bioenergetics reprogramming is an essential response of cells to stress. Platelets, an accessible source of mitochondria, have a crucial role in cancer development; however, the platelet mitochondrial function has not been studied in urothelial carcinoma (UC) patients. A total of 15 patients with UC and 15 healthy controls were included in the study. Parameters of platelet mitochondrial respiration were evaluated using the high-resolution respirometry method, and the selected antioxidant levels were determined by HPLC. In addition, oxidative stress was evaluated by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentration in plasma. We demonstrated deficient platelet mitochondrial respiratory chain functions, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and electron transfer (ET) capacity with complex I (CI)-linked substrates, and reduced the endogenous platelet coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) concentration in UC patients. The activity of citrate synthase was decreased in UC patients vs. controls (p = 0.0191). γ-tocopherol, α-tocopherol in platelets, and β-carotene in plasma were significantly lower in UC patients (p = 0.0019; p = 0.02; p = 0.0387, respectively), whereas the plasma concentration of TBARS was increased (p = 0.0022) vs. controls. The changes in platelet mitochondrial bioenergetics are consistent with cell metabolism reprogramming in UC patients. We suppose that increased oxidative stress, decreased OXPHOS, and a reduced platelet endogenous CoQ10 level can contribute to the reprogramming of platelet mitochondrial OXPHOS toward the activation of glycolysis. The impaired mitochondrial function can contribute to increased oxidative stress by triggering the reverse electron transport from the CoQ10 cycle (Q-junction) to CI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Palacka
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Klenova 1, 833 10 Bratislava, Slovakia; (J.S.); (J.O.)
- National Cancer Institute, 833 10 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anna Gvozdjáková
- Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of the 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.G.); (Z.R.); (J.K.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zuzana Rausová
- Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of the 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.G.); (Z.R.); (J.K.); (Z.S.)
| | - Jarmila Kucharská
- Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of the 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.G.); (Z.R.); (J.K.); (Z.S.)
| | - Ján Slopovský
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Klenova 1, 833 10 Bratislava, Slovakia; (J.S.); (J.O.)
- National Cancer Institute, 833 10 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Obertová
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Klenova 1, 833 10 Bratislava, Slovakia; (J.S.); (J.O.)
- National Cancer Institute, 833 10 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Furka
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (D.F.); (S.F.)
| | - Samuel Furka
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (D.F.); (S.F.)
| | - Keshav K. Singh
- Department of Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Zuzana Sumbalová
- Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of the 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.G.); (Z.R.); (J.K.); (Z.S.)
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Investigating the Effects of Coenzyme Q10 on Human Corneal Endothelial Cells. J Ophthalmol 2021; 2021:8392572. [PMID: 34422406 PMCID: PMC8378968 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8392572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effects of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) treatment on immortalised human corneal endothelial cells (HCEC-12). Methods HCEC-12 cells were cultured in different concentrations of CoQ10 (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, and 1.0%) and analysed using live/dead staining assay to determine appropriate concentration for subsequent experiments. Cells were pretreated with CoQ10 before inducing apoptosis by ethanol (EtOH) treatment for 30 seconds which was followed by posttreatment with CoQ10. Viable, apoptotic, and dead cell proportions were analysed using Annexin V-FITC immunofluorescence staining. Mitochondrial intensity and respiratory functions were also investigated using MitoTracker staining and a Seahorse XFe24 analyser, respectively. Results were compared to a positive control for apoptosis. The experiments were carried out in triplicates. Graphpad prism software was used for statistical analysis where p < 0.05 was deemed statistically significant. Results CoQ10 treatment at 0.5% and 1% showed 92% and 30% viable cells compared with 0.1% and 0.2% that showed 96% and 94% viable cells, respectively (p=0.0562). 0.1% and 0.2% concentrations were, thus, used for subsequent experiments. Annexin V-FITC apoptotic analysis showed 2% at 0.1% and 3% at 0.2% of apoptotic cells (p=0.0824). Mitochondrial respiratory function and mitochondrial intensity increased in apoptotic cells following 0.1% CoQ10 treatment. Conclusion 0.1% CoQ10 was found optimal for reducing apoptosis and increasing metabolic activity on human corneal endothelial cell line. These results support the need for further ex vivo studies to investigate the safety profile of CoQ10 as an antiapoptotic agent for human corneal endothelium.
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Navas P, Cascajo MV, Alcázar-Fabra M, Hernández-Camacho JD, Sánchez-Cuesta A, Rodríguez ABC, Ballesteros-Simarro M, Arroyo-Luque A, Rodríguez-Aguilera JC, Fernández-Ayala DJM, Brea-Calvo G, López-Lluch G, Santos-Ocaña C. Secondary CoQ 10 deficiency, bioenergetics unbalance in disease and aging. Biofactors 2021; 47:551-569. [PMID: 33878238 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10 ) deficiency is a rare disease characterized by a decreased accumulation of CoQ10 in cell membranes. Considering that CoQ10 synthesis and most of its functions are carried out in mitochondria, CoQ10 deficiency cases are usually considered a mitochondrial disease. A relevant feature of CoQ10 deficiency is that it is the only mitochondrial disease with a successful therapy available, the CoQ10 supplementation. Defects in components of the synthesis machinery caused by mutations in COQ genes generate the primary deficiency of CoQ10 . Mutations in genes that are not directly related to the synthesis machinery cause secondary deficiency. Cases of CoQ10 deficiency without genetic origin are also considered a secondary deficiency. Both types of deficiency can lead to similar clinical manifestations, but the knowledge about primary deficiency is deeper than secondary. However, secondary deficiency cases may be underestimated since many of their clinical manifestations are shared with other pathologies. This review shows the current state of secondary CoQ10 deficiency, which could be even more relevant than primary deficiency for clinical activity. The analysis covers the fundamental features of CoQ10 deficiency, which are necessary to understand the biological and clinical differences between primary and secondary CoQ10 deficiencies. Further, a more in-depth analysis of CoQ10 secondary deficiency was undertaken to consider its origins, introduce a new way of classification, and include aging as a form of secondary deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María V Cascajo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Alcázar-Fabra
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan D Hernández-Camacho
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-Cuesta
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Cortés Rodríguez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Celular y Bioenergética, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Ballesteros-Simarro
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Arroyo-Luque
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Aguilera
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Celular y Bioenergética, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Daniel J M Fernández-Ayala
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Brea-Calvo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Santos-Ocaña
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Changes in Key Mitochondrial Lipids Accompany Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in NAFLD. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9986299. [PMID: 34257827 PMCID: PMC8257344 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9986299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a dysmetabolic hepatic damage of increasing severity: simple fat accumulation (steatosis), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and hepatic fibrosis. Oxidative stress is considered an important factor in producing hepatocyte injury associated with NAFLD progression. Studies also suggest a link between the accumulation of specific hepatic lipid species, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the progression of NAFLD. However, it is unclear whether mitochondrial lipid modifications are involved in NAFLD progression. To gain insight into the relationship between mitochondrial lipids and disease progression through different stages of NAFLD, we performed lipidomic analyses on mouse livers at different stages of western diet-induced NAFLD, with or without hepatic fibrosis. After organelle separation, we studied separately the mitochondrial and the “nonmitochondrial” hepatic lipidomes. We identified 719 lipid species from 16 lipid families. Remarkably, the western diet triggered time-dependent changes in the mitochondrial lipidome, whereas the “nonmitochondrial” lipidome showed little difference with levels of hepatic steatosis or the presence of fibrosis. In mitochondria, the changes in the lipidome preceded hepatic fibrosis. In particular, two critical phospholipids, phosphatidic acid (PA) and cardiolipin (CL), displayed opposite responses in mitochondria. Decrease in CL and increase in PA were concurrent with an increase of coenzyme Q. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy superoxide spin trapping and Cu2+ measurement showed the progressive increase in oxidative stress in the liver. Overall, these results suggest mitochondrial lipid modifications could act as an early event in mitochondrial dysfunction and NAFLD progression.
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Fedotovskaya O, Albertsson I, Nordlund G, Hong S, Gennis RB, Brzezinski P, Ädelroth P. Identification of a cytochrome bc 1-aa 3 supercomplex in Rhodobacter sphaeroides. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2021; 1862:148433. [PMID: 33932366 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2021.148433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Respiration is carried out by a series of membrane-bound complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane or in the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria. Increasing evidence shows that these complexes organize into larger supercomplexes. In this work, we identified a supercomplex composed of cytochrome (cyt.) bc1 and aa3-type cyt. c oxidase in Rhodobacter sphaeroides. We purified the supercomplex using a His-tag on either of these complexes. The results from activity assays, native and denaturing PAGE, size exclusion chromatography, electron microscopy, optical absorption spectroscopy and kinetic studies on the purified samples support the formation and coupled quinol oxidation:O2 reduction activity of the cyt. bc1-aa3 supercomplex. The potential role of the membrane-anchored cyt. cy as a component in supercomplexes was also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Fedotovskaya
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Albertsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gustav Nordlund
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sangjin Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Robert B Gennis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Peter Brzezinski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pia Ädelroth
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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18
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Villalba JM, Navas P. Regulation of coenzyme Q biosynthesis pathway in eukaryotes. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 165:312-323. [PMID: 33549646 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ, ubiquinone/ubiquinol) is a ubiquitous and unique molecule that drives electrons in mitochondrial respiratory chain and an obligatory step for multiple metabolic pathways in aerobic metabolism. Alteration of CoQ biosynthesis or its redox stage are causing mitochondrial dysfunctions as hallmark of heterogeneous disorders as mitochondrial/metabolic, cardiovascular, and age-associated diseases. Regulation of CoQ biosynthesis pathway is demonstrated to affect all steps of proteins production of this pathway, posttranslational modifications and protein-protein-lipid interactions inside mitochondria. There is a bi-directional relationship between CoQ and the epigenome in which not only the CoQ status determines the epigenetic regulation of many genes, but CoQ biosynthesis is also a target for epigenetic regulation, which adds another layer of complexity to the many pathways by which CoQ levels are regulated by environmental and developmental signals to fulfill its functions in eukaryotic aerobic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Villalba
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, 41013, Spain.
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19
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Gueguen N, Baris O, Lenaers G, Reynier P, Spinazzi M. Secondary coenzyme Q deficiency in neurological disorders. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 165:203-218. [PMID: 33450382 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a ubiquitous lipid serving essential cellular functions. It is the only component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain that can be exogenously absorbed. Here, we provide an overview of current knowledge, controversies, and open questions about CoQ intracellular and tissue distribution, in particular in brain and skeletal muscle. We discuss human neurological diseases and mouse models associated with secondary CoQ deficiency in these tissues and highlight pharmacokinetic and anatomical challenges in exogenous CoQ biodistribution, recent improvements in CoQ formulations and imaging, as well as alternative therapeutical strategies to CoQ supplementation. The last section proposes possible mechanisms underlying secondary CoQ deficiency in human diseases with emphasis on neurological and neuromuscular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naig Gueguen
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, University of Angers, 49933, Angers, France; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CHU Angers, 49933, Angers, France
| | - Olivier Baris
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, University of Angers, 49933, Angers, France
| | - Guy Lenaers
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, University of Angers, 49933, Angers, France
| | - Pascal Reynier
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, University of Angers, 49933, Angers, France; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CHU Angers, 49933, Angers, France
| | - Marco Spinazzi
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, University of Angers, 49933, Angers, France; Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Neurology, CHU Angers, 49933, Angers, France.
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20
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Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Involvement in Red Blood Cell Damage in Chronic Kidney Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6639199. [PMID: 33708334 PMCID: PMC7932781 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6639199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) released in cells are signaling molecules but can also modify signaling proteins. Red blood cells perform a major role in maintaining the balance of the redox in the blood. The main cytosolic protein of RBC is hemoglobin (Hb), which accounts for 95-97%. Most other proteins are involved in protecting the blood cell from oxidative stress. Hemoglobin is a major factor in initiating oxidative stress within the erythrocyte. RBCs can also be damaged by exogenous oxidants. Hb autoxidation leads to the generation of a superoxide radical, of which the catalyzed or spontaneous dismutation produces hydrogen peroxide. Both oxidants induce hemichrome formation, heme degradation, and release of free iron which is a catalyst for free radical reactions. To maintain the redox balance, appropriate antioxidants are present in the cytosol, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2), as well as low molecular weight antioxidants: glutathione, ascorbic acid, lipoic acid, α-tocopherol, β-carotene, and others. Redox imbalance leads to oxidative stress and may be associated with overproduction of ROS and/or insufficient capacity of the antioxidant system. Oxidative stress performs a key role in CKD as evidenced by the high level of markers associated with oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA in vivo. In addition to the overproduction of ROS, a reduced antioxidant capacity is observed, associated with a decrease in the activity of SOD, GPx, PRDX2, and low molecular weight antioxidants. In addition, hemodialysis is accompanied by oxidative stress in which low-biocompatibility dialysis membranes activate phagocytic cells, especially neutrophils and monocytes, leading to a respiratory burst. This review shows the production of ROS under normal conditions and CKD and its impact on disease progression. Oxidative damage to red blood cells (RBCs) in CKD and their contribution to cardiovascular disease are also discussed.
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21
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Mollace V, Rosano GMC, Anker SD, Coats AJS, Seferovic P, Mollace R, Tavernese A, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Carresi C, Maiuolo J, Macrì R, Bosco F, Chiocchi M, Romeo F, Metra M, Volterrani M. Pathophysiological Basis for Nutraceutical Supplementation in Heart Failure: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010257. [PMID: 33477388 PMCID: PMC7829856 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is evidence demonstrating that heart failure (HF) occurs in 1–2% of the global population and is often accompanied by comorbidities which contribute to increasing the prevalence of the disease, the rate of hospitalization and the mortality. Although recent advances in both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches have led to a significant improvement in clinical outcomes in patients affected by HF, residual unmet needs remain, mostly related to the occurrence of poorly defined strategies in the early stages of myocardial dysfunction. Nutritional support in patients developing HF and nutraceutical supplementation have recently been shown to possibly contribute to protection of the failing myocardium, although their place in the treatment of HF requires further assessment, in order to find better therapeutic solutions. In this context, the Optimal Nutraceutical Supplementation in Heart Failure (ONUS-HF) working group aimed to assess the optimal nutraceutical approach to HF in the early phases of the disease, in order to counteract selected pathways that are imbalanced in the failing myocardium. In particular, we reviewed several of the most relevant pathophysiological and molecular changes occurring during the early stages of myocardial dysfunction. These include mitochondrial and sarcoplasmic reticulum stress, insufficient nitric oxide (NO) release, impaired cardiac stem cell mobilization and an imbalanced regulation of metalloproteinases. Moreover, we reviewed the potential of the nutraceutical supplementation of several natural products, such as coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a grape seed extract, Olea Europea L.-related antioxidants, a sodium–glucose cotransporter (SGLT2) inhibitor-rich apple extract and a bergamot polyphenolic fraction, in addition to their support in cardiomyocyte protection, in HF. Such an approach should contribute to optimising the use of nutraceuticals in HF, and the effect needs to be confirmed by means of more targeted clinical trials exploring the efficacy and safety of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (A.T.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giuseppe M. C. Rosano
- Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, St George’s Hospitals NHS Trust University of London, London SW17 0QT, UK;
- Department of Cardiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00166 Rome, Italy; (A.J.S.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Stefan D. Anker
- Department of Cardiology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Andrew J. S. Coats
- Department of Cardiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00166 Rome, Italy; (A.J.S.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Petar Seferovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade University, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (A.T.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.B.)
- Department of Experimental and Applied Medicine, Institute of Cardiology, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Annamaria Tavernese
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (A.T.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.B.)
- Department of Experimental and Applied Medicine, Institute of Cardiology, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (A.T.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (A.T.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (A.T.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (A.T.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (A.T.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (A.T.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Marcello Chiocchi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00199 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Romeo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00199 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Metra
- Department of Experimental and Applied Medicine, Institute of Cardiology, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Volterrani
- Department of Cardiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00166 Rome, Italy; (A.J.S.C.); (M.V.)
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22
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Semenova AA, Samartsev VN, Dubinin MV. The stimulation of succinate-fueled respiration of rat liver mitochondria in state 4 by α,ω-hexadecanedioic acid without induction of proton conductivity of the inner membrane. Intrinsic uncoupling of the bc 1 complex. Biochimie 2021; 181:215-225. [PMID: 33400934 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The paper shows that natural α,ω-dioic acid, α,ω-hexadecanedioic acid (HDA), is able to stimulate the respiration of succinate-fueled rat liver mitochondria in state 4 without induction of proton conductivity of the inner membrane. This effect of HDA is less pronounced in glutamate/malate-fueled mitochondria, as well as in the case of ascorbate/TMPD or ascorbate/ferrocyanide substrate systems, which transfer electrons directly to cytochrome c. It is noted that HDA-induced stimulation of respiration is not associated with damage to the inner membrane in a part of mitochondria and with shunting of electrons through the bc1 complex. Therefore, HDA can be considered as a natural decoupling agent. Specific inhibitors of the bc1 complex (antimycin A and myxothiazole) as well as malonate and dithionitrobenzoate were used in the inhibitory analysis. These and other experiments have shown that during the oxidation of succinate in liver mitochondria, the decoupling effect of HDA is mainly carried out at the level of the bc1 complex. We hypothesized that HDA is capable of promoting the cyclic transport of protons within the bc1 complex and thus switch this complex to the idle mode of operation (intrinsic uncoupling of the bc1 complex). Induction of free respiration in liver mitochondria by HDA at the level of the bc1 complex is considered as one of the "rescue pathways" of hepatocytes in various pathological conditions, accompanied by disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and increased oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena A Semenova
- Mari State University, Pl. Lenina 1, Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, 424001, Russia
| | - Victor N Samartsev
- Mari State University, Pl. Lenina 1, Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, 424001, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Dubinin
- Mari State University, Pl. Lenina 1, Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, 424001, Russia.
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23
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Moreno C, Santos RM, Burns R, Zhang WC. Succinate Dehydrogenase and Ribonucleic Acid Networks in Cancer and Other Diseases. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113237. [PMID: 33153035 PMCID: PMC7693138 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although the dysfunction of the succinate dehydrogenase complex in mitochondria leads to cancer and other diseases due to aberrant metabolic reactions and signaling pathways, it is not well known how the succinate dehydrogenase complex is regulated. Our review highlights that non-coding ribonucleic acids (RNAs), RNA editing enzymes, and RNA modifying enzymes regulate expressions and functions of the succinate dehydrogenase complex. This research will provide new strategies for treating succinate dehydrogenase-relevant diseases in a clinic. Abstract Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) complex connects both the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the electron transport chain (ETC) in the mitochondria. However, SDH mutation or dysfunction-induced succinate accumulation results in multiple cancers and non-cancer diseases. The mechanistic studies show that succinate activates hypoxia response and other signal pathways via binding to 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenases and succinate receptors. Recently, the increasing knowledge of ribonucleic acid (RNA) networks, including non-coding RNAs, RNA editors, and RNA modifiers has expanded our understanding of the interplay between SDH and RNA networks in cancer and other diseases. Here, we summarize recent discoveries in the RNA networks and their connections to SDH. Additionally, we discuss current therapeutics targeting SDH in both pre-clinical and clinical trials. Thus, we propose a new model of SDH–RNA network interaction and bring promising RNA therapeutics against SDH-relevant cancer and other diseases.
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24
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Arab D, Doustmohammadi H, Ardestani Zadeh A. Dietary supplements in the management of varicocele-induced infertility: A review of potential mechanisms. Andrologia 2020; 53:e13879. [PMID: 33108825 DOI: 10.1111/and.13879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Varicocele is a main cause of lower production of spermatozoon and infertility with multiple pathophysiological mechanisms. In the past decades, the use of dietary supplements has significantly increased due to both the modern lifestyle and the food shortages of the industrialised countries. The purpose of this review paper is to collect scientific evidences from basic and clinical studies which support the use of dietary supplements to define the clinical framework for patients with varicocele. In the present review, we used keywords such as dietary supplements, varicocele, male infertility, oxidative stress, DNA fragmentation, sperm parameters to find the proper articles. The standard search biomedical engines were used for seeking the papers. The use of dietary supplements such as minerals, vitamins and antioxidants has an essential role in the prevention and treatment of varicocele by increasing the levels of antioxidant enzymes (e.g. peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase) and decreasing the levels of inflammatory markers (e.g. tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1) in testis. According to the results, the dietary supplements may alleviate the spermatogenesis in varicocele patients through different mechanisms such as suppression of stress oxidative and inflammation in testicular tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Arab
- Clinical Research Development Center, Kowsar Hospital, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Department of Surgery, Kowsar Hospital, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hoda Doustmohammadi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Arash Ardestani Zadeh
- Clinical Research Development Center, Kowsar Hospital, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Department of Surgery, Kowsar Hospital, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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25
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Liparulo I, Bergamini C, Bortolus M, Calonghi N, Gasparre G, Kurelac I, Masin L, Rizzardi N, Rugolo M, Wang W, Aleo SJ, Kiwan A, Torri C, Zanna C, Fato R. Coenzyme Q biosynthesis inhibition induces HIF-1α stabilization and metabolic switch toward glycolysis. FEBS J 2020; 288:1956-1974. [PMID: 32898935 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ, ubiquinone) is a redox-active lipid endogenously synthesized by the cells. The final stage of CoQ biosynthesis is performed at the mitochondrial level by the 'complex Q', where coq2 is responsible for the prenylation of the benzoquinone ring of the molecule. We report that the competitive coq2 inhibitor 4-nitrobenzoate (4-NB) decreased the cellular CoQ content and caused severe impairment of mitochondrial function in the T67 human glioma cell line. In parallel with the reduction in CoQ biosynthesis, the cholesterol level increased, leading to significant perturbation of the plasma membrane physicochemical properties. We show that 4-NB treatment did not significantly affect the cell viability, because of an adaptive metabolic rewiring toward glycolysis. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) stabilization was detected in 4-NB-treated cells, possibly due to the contribution of both reduction in intracellular oxygen tension and ROS overproduction. Exogenous CoQ supplementation partially recovered cholesterol content, HIF-1α degradation, and ROS production, whereas only weakly improved the bioenergetic impairment induced by the CoQ depletion. Our data provide new insights on the effect of CoQ depletion and contribute to shed light on the pathogenic mechanisms of ubiquinone deficiency syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Liparulo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology-FABIT, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Christian Bergamini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology-FABIT, University of Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Natalia Calonghi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology-FABIT, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gasparre
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Ivana Kurelac
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Masin
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology-FABIT, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Rizzardi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology-FABIT, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Rugolo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology-FABIT, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Wenping Wang
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology-FABIT, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena J Aleo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology-FABIT, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Alisar Kiwan
- Department of Chemistry 'Giacomo Ciamician', University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristian Torri
- Department of Chemistry 'Giacomo Ciamician', University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Zanna
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology-FABIT, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Romana Fato
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology-FABIT, University of Bologna, Italy
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26
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Ho CC, Chang PS, Chen HW, Lee PF, Chang YC, Tseng CY, Lin PT. Ubiquinone Supplementation with 300 mg on Glycemic Control and Antioxidant Status in Athletes: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090823. [PMID: 32899227 PMCID: PMC7555239 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the glycemic profile, oxidative stress, and antioxidant capacity in athletes after 12 weeks of ubiquinone supplementation. It was a double-blinded, randomized, parallel, placebo-controlled study. Thirty-one well-trained college athletes were randomly assigned to ubiquinone (300 mg/d, n = 17) or placebo group (n = 14). The glycemic profile [fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI)], plasma and erythrocyte malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and ubiquinone status were measured. After supplementation, the plasma ubiquinone concentration was significantly increased (p < 0.05) and the level of erythrocyte MDA was significantly lower in the ubiquinone group than in the placebo group (p < 0.01). There was a significant correlation between white blood cell (WBC) ubiquinone and glycemic parameters [HbA1c, r = −0.46, p < 0.05; HOMA-IR, r = −0.67, p < 0.01; QUICKI, r = 0.67, p < 0.01]. In addition, athletes with higher WBC ubiquinone level (≥0.5 nmol/g) showed higher erythrocyte TAC and QUICKI and lower HOMA-IR. In conclusion, we demonstrated that athletes may show a better antioxidant capacity with higher ubiquinone status after 12 weeks of supplementation, which may further improve glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chang Ho
- Department of Physical Education, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242304, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (P.-F.L.); (Y.-C.C.); (C.-Y.T.)
- Research and Development Center for Physical Education, Health, and Information Technology, College of Education, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242304, Taiwan
| | - Po-Sheng Chang
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402367, Taiwan; (P.-S.C.); (H.-W.C.)
- Graduate Program in Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402367, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wun Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402367, Taiwan; (P.-S.C.); (H.-W.C.)
| | - Po-Fu Lee
- Department of Physical Education, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242304, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (P.-F.L.); (Y.-C.C.); (C.-Y.T.)
- Graduate Institute of Sport Coaching Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei City 111396, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chi Chang
- Department of Physical Education, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242304, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (P.-F.L.); (Y.-C.C.); (C.-Y.T.)
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City 112304, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Tseng
- Department of Physical Education, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242304, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (P.-F.L.); (Y.-C.C.); (C.-Y.T.)
- Research and Development Center for Physical Education, Health, and Information Technology, College of Education, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242304, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Ting Lin
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402367, Taiwan; (P.-S.C.); (H.-W.C.)
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402367, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-24730022 (ext. 12187); Fax: +886-4-2324-8175
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27
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Brunetti D, Bottani E, Segala A, Marchet S, Rossi F, Orlando F, Malavolta M, Carruba MO, Lamperti C, Provinciali M, Nisoli E, Valerio A. Targeting Multiple Mitochondrial Processes by a Metabolic Modulator Prevents Sarcopenia and Cognitive Decline in SAMP8 Mice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1171. [PMID: 32848778 PMCID: PMC7411305 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The age-dependent declines of skeletal muscle and cognitive functions often coexist in elderly subjects. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms share common features of mitochondrial dysfunction, which plays a central role in the development of overt sarcopenia and/or dementia. Dietary supplementation with formulations of essential and branched-chain amino acids (EAA-BCAA) is a promising preventive strategy because it can preserve mitochondrial biogenesis and function. The senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) is considered an accurate model of age-related muscular and cognitive alterations. Hence, we aimed to investigate the progression of mitochondrial dysfunctions during muscular and cognitive aging of SAMP8 mice and to study the effects of a novel EAA-BCAA-based metabolic modulator on these changes. We evaluated body condition, motor endurance, and working memory of SAMP8 mice at 5, 9, 12, and 15 months of age. Parallel changes in protein levels of mitochondrial respiratory chain subunits, regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics, and the antioxidant response, as well as respiratory complex activities, were measured in the quadriceps femoris and the hippocampus. The same variables were assessed in 12-month-old SAMP8 mice that had received dietary supplementation with the novel EAA-BCAA formulation, containing tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and co-factors (PD-0E7, 1.5 mg/kg/body weight/day in drinking water) for 3 months. Contrary to untreated mice, which had a significant molecular and phenotypic impairment, PD-0E7-treated mice showed preserved healthy body condition, muscle weight to body weight ratio, motor endurance, and working memory at 12 months of age. The PD-0E7 mixture increased the protein levels and the enzymatic activities of mitochondrial complex I, II, and IV and the expression of proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α, optic atrophy protein 1, and nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 in muscles and hippocampi. The mitochondrial amyloid-β-degrading pitrilysin metallopeptidase 1 was upregulated, while amyloid precursor protein was reduced in the hippocampi of PD-0E7 treated mice. In conclusion, we show that a dietary supplement tailored to boost mitochondrial respiration preserves skeletal muscle and hippocampal mitochondrial quality control and health. When administered at the early onset of age-related physical and cognitive decline, this novel metabolic inducer counteracts the deleterious effects of precocious aging in both domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Brunetti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Bottani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Agnese Segala
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Marchet
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Rossi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Orlando
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Malavolta
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Michele O Carruba
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Center for Study and Research on Obesity, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Costanza Lamperti
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Provinciali
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Enzo Nisoli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Center for Study and Research on Obesity, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Valerio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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28
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction: a Potential Therapeutic Target to Treat Alzheimer’s Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3075-3088. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01945-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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29
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Abstract
Ever since its discovery, the double-stranded DNA contained in the mitochondria of eukaryotes has fascinated researchers because of its bacterial endosymbiotic origin, crucial role in encoding subunits of the respiratory complexes, compact nature, and specific inheritance mechanisms. In the last few years, high-throughput sequencing techniques have accelerated the sequencing of mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) and uncovered the great diversity of organizations, gene contents, and modes of replication and transcription found in living eukaryotes. Some early divergent lineages of unicellular eukaryotes retain certain synteny and gene content resembling those observed in the genomes of alphaproteobacteria (the inferred closest living group of mitochondria), whereas others adapted to anaerobic environments have drastically reduced or even lost the mitogenome. In the three main multicellular lineages of eukaryotes, mitogenomes have pursued diverse evolutionary trajectories in which different types of molecules (circular versus linear and single versus multipartite), gene structures (with or without self-splicing introns), gene contents, gene orders, genetic codes, and transfer RNA editing mechanisms have been selected. Whereas animals have evolved a rather compact mitochondrial genome between 11 and 50 Kb in length with a highly conserved gene content in bilaterians, plants exhibit large mitochondrial genomes of 66 Kb to 11.3 Mb with large intergenic repetitions prone to recombination, and fungal mitogenomes have intermediate sizes of 12 to 236 Kb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Zardoya
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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30
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Yang S, Huo Y, Wang H, Ji J, Chen W, Huang Y. The spatio-temporal features of chicken mitochondrial ND2 gene heteroplasmy and the effects of nutrition factors on this gene. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2972. [PMID: 32075998 PMCID: PMC7031424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59703-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial heterogeneity is the presence of two or more types of mitochondrial (mt)DNA in the same individual/tissue/cell. It is closely related to animal health and disease. ND2 is a protein-coding gene in mtDNA, which participates in mitochondrial respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation. In previous studies, we observed that the mt.A5703T and mt.T5727G sites in the ND2 gene were the heteroplasmic variation sites. We used pyrophosphate sequencing technology to examine chicken mt.A5703T and mt.T5727G heteroplasmic sites in the ND2 gene, in different tissues and at different development stages in chickens. We also investigated whether nutritional factors could affect the mt.A5703T and mt.T5727G heteroplasmy. Our results showed that chicken mt.A5703T and mt.T5727G heteroplasmy had clear spatio-temporal specificities, which varied between tissues/development stages. The mtDNA heterogeneity was relatively stable upon nutrition intervention, 30% dietary energy restriction (from 18 to 48 days old) and different types of dietary fats (at 5% concentration, from 1 to 42 days old) did not change the breast muscle heteroplasmy of broilers at the mt.A5703T and mt.T5727G sites. In addition, multiple potential heteroplasmic sites were detected by clone sequencing in the ND2 region, which potentially reflected abundant heteroplasmy in the chicken mitochondrial genome. These results provide an important reference for further research on heteroplasmy in chicken mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suliang Yang
- College of Livestock Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzi Lake University Campus, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Huo
- College of Livestock Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzi Lake University Campus, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China
| | - Huanjie Wang
- College of Livestock Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzi Lake University Campus, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China
| | - Jiefei Ji
- College of Livestock Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzi Lake University Campus, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China
| | - Wen Chen
- College of Livestock Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzi Lake University Campus, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China
| | - Yanqun Huang
- College of Livestock Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzi Lake University Campus, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China.
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31
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mTOR-Mediated Antioxidant Activation in Solid Tumor Radioresistance. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:5956867. [PMID: 31929797 PMCID: PMC6942807 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5956867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is widely used for the treatment of cancer patients, but tumor radioresistance presents serious therapy challenges. Tumor radioresistance is closely related to high levels of mTOR signaling in tumor tissues. Therefore, targeting the mTOR pathway might be a strategy to promote solid tumor sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Radioresistance is associated with enhanced antioxidant mechanisms in cancer cells. Therefore, examination of the relationship between mTOR signaling and antioxidant mechanism-linked radioresistance is required for effective radiotherapy. In particular, the effect of mTOR signaling on antioxidant glutathione induction by the Keap1-NRF2-xCT pathway is described in this review. This review is expected to assist in the identification of therapeutic adjuvants to increase the efficacy of radiotherapy.
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32
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Fine-tuning of the respiratory complexes stability and supercomplexes assembly in cells defective of complex III. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1861:148133. [PMID: 31825807 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.148133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The respiratory complexes are organized in supramolecular assemblies called supercomplexes thought to optimize cellular metabolism under physiological and pathological conditions. In this study, we used genetically and biochemically well characterized cells bearing the pathogenic microdeletion m.15,649-15,666 (ΔI300-P305) in MT-CYB gene, to investigate the effects of an assembly-hampered CIII on the re-organization of supercomplexes. First, we found that this mutation also affects the stability of both CI and CIV, and evidences the occurrence of a preferential structural interaction between CI and CIII2, yielding a small amount of active CI+CIII2 supercomplex. Indeed, a residual CI+CIII combined redox activity, and a low but detectable ATP synthesis driven by CI substrates are detectable, suggesting that the assembly of CIII into the CI+CIII2 supercomplex mitigates the detrimental effects of MT-CYB deletion. Second, measurements of oxygen consumption and ATP synthesis driven by NADH-linked and FADH2-linked substrates alone, or in combination, indicate a common ubiquinone pool for the two respiratory pathways. Finally, we report that prolonged incubation with rotenone enhances the amount of CI and CIII2, but reduces CIV assembly. Conversely, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine increases CIII2 and CIV2 and partially restores respirasome formation. Accordingly, after NAC treatment, the rate of ATP synthesis increases by two-fold compared with untreated cell, while the succinate level, which is enhanced by the homoplasmic mutation, markedly decreases. Overall, our findings show that fine-tuning the supercomplexes stability improves the energetic efficiency of cells with the MT-CYB microdeletion.
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33
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Chen HC, Huang CC, Lin TJ, Hsu MC, Hsu YJ. Ubiquinol Supplementation Alters Exercise Induced Fatigue by Increasing Lipid Utilization in Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112550. [PMID: 31652711 PMCID: PMC6893484 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquinol (QH), a reduced form of coenzyme Q10, is a lipid antioxidant that is hydro-soluble and is commonly formulated in commercial supplements. Ubiquinol has been increasingly reported to exert antioxidant functions, in addition to its role in the cell energy-producing system of mitochondria and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. The aim of this study was to assess the potential beneficial effects of QH on anti-fatigue and ergogenic functions following physiological challenge. Forty 8-week-old male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were divided into four groups (n = 10 for each group): Group 1 (vehicle control or oil only); Group 2 (1X QH dose or 102.5 mg/kg); Group 3 (2X QH dose or 205 mg/kg); Group 4 (6X QH dose or 615 mg/kg). Anti-fatigue activity and exercise performance were studied using the forelimb grip strength experiment and exhaustive weight-loaded swimming time, and levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, BUN (blood urea nitrogen), creatine kinase (CK), and free fatty acids (FFA) after an acute exercise challenge. The forelimb grip strength and exhaustive weight-loaded swimming time of the QH-6X group were significantly higher than those of the other groups. QH supplementation dose-dependently reduced serum lactate, ammonia, and CK levels and increased the FFA concentration after acute exercise. In addition, QH increased the liver and muscle glycogen content, an important energy source during exercise. Therefore, the results suggest that QH formulation is a safe dietary supplement for amelioration of fatigue and for promoting exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Chieh Chen
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei 11696, Taiwan.
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan.
| | - Tien-Jen Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei 11696, Taiwan.
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Chich Hsu
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ju Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan.
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Gvozdjáková A, Kucharská J, Kura B, Vančová O, Rausová Z, Sumbalová Z, Uličná O, Slezák J. A new insight into the molecular hydrogen effect on coenzyme Q and mitochondrial function of rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 98:29-34. [PMID: 31536712 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the major source of cellular energy metabolism. In the cardiac cells, mitochondria produce by way of the oxidative phosphorylation more than 90% of the energy supply in the form of ATP, which is utilized in many ATP-dependent processes, like cycling of the contractile proteins or maintaining ion gradients. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are by-products of cellular metabolism and their levels are controlled by intracellular antioxidant systems. Imbalance between ROS and the antioxidant defense leads to oxidative stress and oxidative changes to cellular biomolecules. Molecular hydrogen (H2) has been proved as beneficial in the prevention and therapy of various diseases including cardiovascular disorders. It selectively scavenges hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite, reduces oxidative stress, and has anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. The effect of H2 on the myocardial mitochondrial function and coenzyme Q levels is not well known. In this paper, we demonstrated that consumption of H2-rich water (HRW) resulted in stimulated rat cardiac mitochondrial electron respiratory chain function and increased levels of ATP production by Complex I and Complex II substrates. Similarly, coenzyme Q9 levels in the rat plasma, myocardial tissue, and mitochondria were increased and malondialdehyde level in plasma was reduced after HRW administration. Based on obtained data, we hypothesize a new metabolic pathway of the H2 effect in mitochondria on the Q-cycle and in mitochondrial respiratory chain function. The Q-cycle contains three coenzyme Q forms: coenzyme Q in oxidized form (ubiquinone), radical form (semiquinone), or reduced form (ubiquinol). H2 may be a donor of both electron and proton in the Q-cycle and thus we can suppose stimulation of coenzyme Q production. When ubiquinone is reduced to ubiquinol, lipid peroxidation is reduced. Increased CoQ9 concentration can stimulate electron transport from Complex I and Complex II to Complex III and increase ATP production via mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Our results indicate that H2 may function to prevent/treat disease states with disrupted myocardial mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gvozdjáková
- Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of 3rd Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jarmila Kucharská
- Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of 3rd Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Branislav Kura
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ol'ga Vančová
- Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of 3rd Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Rausová
- Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of 3rd Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Sumbalová
- Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of 3rd Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ol'ga Uličná
- Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of 3rd Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Slezák
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Keatley K, Stromei-Cleroux S, Wiltshire T, Rajala N, Burton G, Holt WV, Littlewood DTJ, Briscoe AG, Jung J, Ashkan K, Heales SJ, Pilkington GJ, Meunier B, McGeehan JE, Hargreaves IP, McGeehan RE. Integrated Approach Reveals Role of Mitochondrial Germ-Line Mutation F18L in Respiratory Chain, Oxidative Alterations, Drug Sensitivity, and Patient Prognosis in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133364. [PMID: 31323957 PMCID: PMC6651022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and malignant primary brain tumour in adults, with a dismal prognosis. This is partly due to considerable inter- and intra-tumour heterogeneity. Changes in the cellular energy-producing mitochondrial respiratory chain complex (MRC) activities are a hallmark of glioblastoma relative to the normal brain, and associate with differential survival outcomes. Targeting MRC complexes with drugs can also facilitate anti-glioblastoma activity. Whether mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that encode several components of the MRC contribute to these phenomena remains underexplored. We identified a germ-line mtDNA mutation (m. 14798T > C), enriched in glioblastoma relative to healthy controls, that causes an amino acid substitution F18L within the core mtDNA-encoded cytochrome b subunit of MRC complex III. F18L is predicted to alter corresponding complex III activity, and sensitivity to complex III-targeting drugs. This could in turn alter reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cell behaviour and, consequently, patient outcomes. Here we show that, despite a heterogeneous mitochondrial background in adult glioblastoma patient biopsy-derived cell cultures, the F18L substitution associates with alterations in individual MRC complex activities, in particular a 75% increase in MRC complex II_III activity, and a 34% reduction in CoQ10, the natural substrate for MRC complex III, levels. Downstream characterisation of an F18L-carrier revealed an 87% increase in intra-cellular ROS, an altered cellular distribution of mitochondrial-specific ROS, and a 64% increased sensitivity to clomipramine, a repurposed MRC complex III-targeting drug. In patients, F18L-carriers that received the current standard of care treatment had a poorer prognosis than non-carriers (373 days vs. 415 days, respectively). Single germ-line mitochondrial mutations could predispose individuals to differential prognoses, and sensitivity to mitochondrial targeted drugs. Thus, F18L, which is present in blood could serve as a useful non-invasive biomarker for the stratification of patients into prognostically relevant groups, one of which requires a lower dose of clomipramine to achieve clinical effect, thus minimising side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Keatley
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Samuel Stromei-Cleroux
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Tammy Wiltshire
- Centre for Enzyme Innovation, Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK
| | - Nina Rajala
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Gary Burton
- Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK
| | - William V Holt
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2SF, UK
| | | | - Andrew G Briscoe
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
- Core Research Laboratories, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Josephine Jung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kings College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Keyoumars Ashkan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kings College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Simon J Heales
- Neurometabolic Unit, National Hospital for Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Geoffrey J Pilkington
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Brigitte Meunier
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - John E McGeehan
- Centre for Enzyme Innovation, Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK
| | - Iain P Hargreaves
- Neurometabolic Unit, National Hospital for Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Rhiannon E McGeehan
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK.
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Patten DA, Ouellet M, Allan DS, Germain M, Baird SD, Harper ME, Richardson RB. Mitochondrial adaptation in human mesenchymal stem cells following ionizing radiation. FASEB J 2019; 33:9263-9278. [PMID: 31112400 PMCID: PMC6662961 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801483rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that respond rapidly to a number of stressors to regulate energy transduction, cell death signaling, and reactive oxygen species generation. We hypothesized that mitochondrial remodeling, comprising both structural and functional alterations, following ionizing radiation (IR) may underlie some of the tenets of radiobiology. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are precursors of bone marrow stroma and are altered in acute myeloid leukemia and by radiation and chemotherapy. Here, we report on changes in mitochondrial remodeling in human MSCs following X-ray IR. Mitochondrial function was significantly increased in MSCs 4 h after IR as measured by mitochondrial oxygen consumption. Consistent with this elevated functional effect, electron transport chain supercomplexes were also increased in irradiated samples. In addition, mitochondria were significantly, albeit modestly, elongated, as measured by high-throughput automated confocal imaging coupled with automated mitochondrial morphometric analyses. We also demonstrate in fibroblasts that mitochondrial remodeling is required for the adaptation of cells to IR. To determine novel mechanisms involved in mitochondrial remodeling, we performed quantitative proteomics on isolated mitochondria from cells following IR. Label-free quantitative mitochondrial proteomics revealed notable changes in proteins in irradiated samples and identified prosaposin, and potentially its daughter protein saposin-B, as a potential candidate for regulating mitochondrial function following IR. Whereas research into the biologic effects of cellular irradiation has long focused on nuclear DNA effects, our experimental work, along with that of others, is finding that mitochondrial effects may have broader implications in the field of stress adaptation and cell death in cancer (including leukemia) and other disease states.-Patten, D. A., Ouellet, M., Allan, D. S., Germain, M., Baird, S. D., Harper, M.-E., Richardson, R. B. Mitochondrial adaptation in human mesenchymal stem cells following ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Patten
- Radiobiology and Health Branch, Chalk River Laboratories, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL), Chalk River, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mathieu Ouellet
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
| | - David S Allan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc Germain
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stephen D Baird
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard B Richardson
- Radiobiology and Health Branch, Chalk River Laboratories, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL), Chalk River, Ontario, Canada.,McGill Medical Physics Unit, Glen Site, Cedars Cancer Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Abstract
The aging process includes impairment in mitochondrial function, a reduction in anti-oxidant activity, and an increase in oxidative stress, marked by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Oxidative damage to macromolecules including DNA and electron transport proteins likely increases ROS production resulting in further damage. This oxidative theory of cell aging is supported by the fact that diseases associated with the aging process are marked by increased oxidative stress. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) levels fall with aging in the human but this is not seen in all species or all tissues. It is unknown whether lower CoQ10 levels have a part to play in aging and disease or whether it is an inconsequential cellular response to aging. Despite the current lay public interest in supplementing with CoQ10, there is currently not enough evidence to recommend CoQ10 supplementation as an anti-aging anti-oxidant therapy.
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38
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Manoj KM. Aerobic Respiration: Criticism of the Proton-centric Explanation Involving Rotary Adenosine Triphosphate Synthesis, Chemiosmosis Principle, Proton Pumps and Electron Transport Chain. BIOCHEMISTRY INSIGHTS 2018; 11:1178626418818442. [PMID: 30643418 PMCID: PMC6311555 DOI: 10.1177/1178626418818442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The acclaimed explanation for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (mOxPhos, or cellular respiration) is a deterministic proton-centric scheme involving four components: Rotary adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-synthesis, Chemiosmosis principle, Proton pumps, and Electron transport chain (abbreviated as RCPE hypothesis). Within this write-up, the RCPE scheme is critically analyzed with respect to mitochondrial architecture, proteins’ distribution, structure-function correlations and their interactive dynamics, overall reaction chemistry, kinetics, thermodynamics, evolutionary logic, and so on. It is found that the RCPE proposal fails to explain key physiological aspects of mOxPhos in several specific issues and also in holistic perspectives. Therefore, it is imperative to look for new explanations for mOxPhos.
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Kleiner G, Barca E, Ziosi M, Emmanuele V, Xu Y, Hidalgo-Gutierrez A, Qiao C, Tadesse S, Area-Gomez E, Lopez LC, Quinzii CM. CoQ 10 supplementation rescues nephrotic syndrome through normalization of H 2S oxidation pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3708-3722. [PMID: 30251690 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome (NS), a frequent chronic kidney disease in children and young adults, is the most common phenotype associated with primary coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency and is very responsive to CoQ10 supplementation, although the pathomechanism is not clear. Here, using a mouse model of CoQ deficiency-associated NS, we show that long-term oral CoQ10 supplementation prevents kidney failure by rescuing defects of sulfides oxidation and ameliorating oxidative stress, despite only incomplete normalization of kidney CoQ levels and lack of rescue of CoQ-dependent respiratory enzymes activities. Liver and kidney lipidomics, and urine metabolomics analyses, did not show CoQ metabolites. To further demonstrate that sulfides metabolism defects cause oxidative stress in CoQ deficiency, we show that silencing of sulfide quinone oxido-reductase (SQOR) in wild-type HeLa cells leads to similar increases of reactive oxygen species (ROS) observed in HeLa cells depleted of the CoQ biosynthesis regulatory protein COQ8A. While CoQ10 supplementation of COQ8A depleted cells decreases ROS and increases SQOR protein levels, knock-down of SQOR prevents CoQ10 antioxidant effects. We conclude that kidney failure in CoQ deficiency-associated NS is caused by oxidative stress mediated by impaired sulfides oxidation and propose that CoQ supplementation does not significantly increase the kidney pool of CoQ bound to the respiratory supercomplexes, but rather enhances the free pool of CoQ, which stabilizes SQOR protein levels rescuing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Kleiner
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Emanuele Barca
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marcello Ziosi
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Valentina Emmanuele
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yimeng Xu
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Changhong Qiao
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Saba Tadesse
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Luis C Lopez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Catarina M Quinzii
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.
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40
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Ounpuu L, Truu L, Shevchuk I, Chekulayev V, Klepinin A, Koit A, Tepp K, Puurand M, Rebane-Klemm E, Käämbre T. Comparative analysis of the bioenergetics of human adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cell line and postoperative tissue samples from colorectal cancer patients. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:1-10. [PMID: 30058357 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2018-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to explore the key bioenergetic properties for mitochondrial respiration in the widely-used Caco-2 cell line and in human colorectal cancer (HCC) postoperational tissue samples. Oxygraphy and metabolic control analysis (MCA) were applied to estimate the function of oxidative phosphorylation in cultured Caco-2 cells and HCC tissue samples. The mitochondria of Caco-2 cells and HCC tissues displayed larger functional activity of respiratory complex (C)II compared with CI, whereas in normal colon tissue an inverse pattern in the ratio of CI to CII activity was observed. MCA showed that the respiration in Caco-2 and HCC tissue cells is regulated by different parts of electron transport chain. In HCC tissues, this control is performed essentially at the level of respiratory chain complexes I-IV, whereas in Caco-2 cells at the level of CIV (cytochrome c oxidase) and the ATP synthasome. The differences we found in the regulation of respiratory chain activity and glycose index could represent an adaptive response to distinct growth conditions; this highlights the importance of proper validation of results obtained from in-vitro models before their extrapolation to the more complex in-vivo systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila Ounpuu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Laura Truu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Igor Shevchuk
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Vladimir Chekulayev
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Aleksandr Klepinin
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Andre Koit
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kersti Tepp
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Marju Puurand
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Egle Rebane-Klemm
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Tuuli Käämbre
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
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Benmoussa K, Garaude J, Acín-Pérez R. How Mitochondrial Metabolism Contributes to Macrophage Phenotype and Functions. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3906-3921. [PMID: 30006265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming of cells from the innate immune system is one of the most noteworthy topics in immunological research nowadays. Upon infection or tissue damage, innate immune cells, such as macrophages, mobilize various immune and metabolic signals to mount a response best suited to eradicate the threat. Current data indicate that both the immune and metabolic responses are closely interconnected. On account of its peculiar position in regulating both of these processes, the mitochondrion has emerged as a critical organelle that orchestrates the coordinated metabolic and immune adaptations in macrophages. Significant effort is now underway to understand how metabolic features of differentiated macrophages regulate their immune specificities with the eventual goal to manipulate cellular metabolism to control immunity. In this review, we highlight some of the recent work that place cellular and mitochondrial metabolism in a central position in the macrophage differentiation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaddouj Benmoussa
- Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme, INSERM U1211, Université de Bordeaux, CHU Pellegrin, École de Sages-Femmes, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Johan Garaude
- Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme, INSERM U1211, Université de Bordeaux, CHU Pellegrin, École de Sages-Femmes, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Rebeca Acín-Pérez
- UCLA Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, David Geffen School of Medicine, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS 27-200, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Melchor Fernandez de Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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42
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Mutations in the Caenorhabditis elegans orthologs of human genes required for mitochondrial tRNA modification cause similar electron transport chain defects but different nuclear responses. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006921. [PMID: 28732077 PMCID: PMC5544249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Several oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) diseases are caused by defects in the post-transcriptional modification of mitochondrial tRNAs (mt-tRNAs). Mutations in MTO1 or GTPBP3 impair the modification of the wobble uridine at position 5 of the pyrimidine ring and cause heart failure. Mutations in TRMU affect modification at position 2 and cause liver disease. Presently, the molecular basis of the diseases and why mutations in the different genes lead to such different clinical symptoms is poorly understood. Here we use Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism to investigate how defects in the TRMU, GTPBP3 and MTO1 orthologues (designated as mttu-1, mtcu-1, and mtcu-2, respectively) exert their effects. We found that whereas the inactivation of each C. elegans gene is associated with a mild OXPHOS dysfunction, mutations in mtcu-1 or mtcu-2 cause changes in the expression of metabolic and mitochondrial stress response genes that are quite different from those caused by mttu-1 mutations. Our data suggest that retrograde signaling promotes defect-specific metabolic reprogramming, which is able to rescue the OXPHOS dysfunction in the single mutants by stimulating the oxidative tricarboxylic acid cycle flux through complex II. This adaptive response, however, appears to be associated with a biological cost since the single mutant worms exhibit thermosensitivity and decreased fertility and, in the case of mttu-1, longer reproductive cycle. Notably, mttu-1 worms also exhibit increased lifespan. We further show that mtcu-1; mttu-1 and mtcu-2; mttu-1 double mutants display severe growth defects and sterility. The animal models presented here support the idea that the pathological states in humans may initially develop not as a direct consequence of a bioenergetic defect, but from the cell’s maladaptive response to the hypomodification status of mt-tRNAs. Our work highlights the important association of the defect-specific metabolic rewiring with the pathological phenotype, which must be taken into consideration in exploring specific therapeutic interventions. Post-transcriptional modification of tRNAs is a universal process, thought to be essential for optimizing the functions of tRNAs. In humans, defects in the modification at position 2 (performed by protein TRMU) and 5 (carried out by proteins GTPBP3 and MTO1) of the uridine located at the wobble position of mitochondrial tRNAs (mt-tRNAs) cause oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) dysfunction, and lead to liver and heart failure, respectively. However, the underlying mechanisms leading to pathogenesis are not well-known, and hence there is no molecular explanation for the different clinical phenotypes. We use Caenorhabditis elegans to compare in the same animal model and genetic background the effects of inactivating the TRMU, GTPBP3 and MTO1 orthologues on the phenotype and gene expression pattern of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Our data show that C. elegans responds to mt-tRNA hypomodification by changing in a defect-specific manner the expression of nuclear and mitochondrial genes, which leads, in all single mutants, to a rescue of the OXPHOS dysfunction that is associated with a biological cost. Our work suggests that pathology may develop as a consequence of the cell’s maladaptive response to the hypomodification status of mt-tRNAs.
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Abstract
The organization of metabolic multienzyme complexes has been hypothesized to benefit metabolic processes and provide a coordinated way for the cell to regulate metabolism. Historically, their existence has been supported by various in vitro techniques. However, it is only recently that the existence of metabolic complexes inside living cells has come to light to corroborate this long-standing hypothesis. Indeed, subcellular compartmentalization of metabolic enzymes appears to be widespread and highly regulated. On the other hand, it is still challenging to demonstrate the functional significance of these enzyme complexes in the context of the cellular milieu. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of metabolic enzyme complexes by primarily focusing on central carbon metabolism and closely associated metabolic pathways in a variety of organisms, as well as their regulation and functional contributions to cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC) , 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Songon An
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC) , 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Aging. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 982:451-464. [PMID: 28551802 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55330-6_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the prime source of ATP in cardiomyocytes. Impairment of mitochondrial metabolism results in damage to existing proteins and DNA. Such deleterious effects are part and parcel of the aging process, reducing the ability of cardiomyocytes to counter stress, such as myocardial infarction and consequent reperfusion. In such conditions, mitochondria in the heart of aged individuals exhibit decreased oxidative phosphorylation, decreased ATP production, and increased net reactive oxygen species production; all of these effects are independent of the decrease in number of mitochondria that occurs in these situations. Rather than being associated with the mitochondrial population in toto, these defects are almost exclusively confined to those organelles positioned between myofibrils (interfibrillar mitochondria). It is in complex III and IV where these dysfunctional aspects are manifested. In an apparent effort to correct mitochondrial metabolic defects, affected organelles are to some extent eliminated by mitophagy; at the same time, new, unaffected organelles are generated by fission of mitochondria. Because these cardiac health issues are localized to specific mitochondria, these organelles offer potential targets for therapeutic approaches that could favorably affect the aging process in heart.
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Targeting Mitochondrial Dysfunction with L-Alpha Glycerylphosphorylcholine. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166682. [PMID: 27861548 PMCID: PMC5115775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We hypothesized that L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC), a deacylatedphosphatidylcholine derivative, can influence the mitochondrial respiratory activity and in this way, may exert tissue protective effects. Methods Rat liver mitochondria were examined with high-resolution respirometry to analyze the effects of GPC on the electron transport chain in normoxic and anoxic conditions. Besides, Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to sham operation or standardized liver ischemia-reperfusion (IR), with or without GPC administration. The reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione disulfide (GSSG), the tissue myeloperoxidase, xanthine oxidoreductase and NADPH oxidases activities were measured. Tissue malondialdehyde and nitrite/nitrate formation, together with blood superoxide and hydrogen-peroxide production were assessed. Results GPC increased the efficacy of complex I-linked mitochondrial oxygen consumption, with significantly lower in vitro leak respiration. Mechanistically, liver IR injury was accompanied by deteriorated mitochondrial respiration and enhanced ROS production and, as a consequence, by significantly increased inflammatory enzyme activities. GPC administration decreased the inflammatory activation in line with the reduced oxidative and nitrosative stress markers. Conclusion GPC, by preserving the mitochondrial complex I function respiration, reduced the biochemical signs of oxidative stress after an IR episode. This suggests that GPC is a mitochondria-targeted compound that indirectly suppresses the activity of major intracellular superoxide-generating enzymes.
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Moreno-Loshuertos R, Enríquez JA. Respiratory supercomplexes and the functional segmentation of the CoQ pool. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 100:5-13. [PMID: 27105951 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The evidence accumulated during the last fifteen years on the existence of respiratory supercomplexes and their proposed functional implications has changed our understanding of the OXPHOS system complexity and regulation. The plasticity model is a point of encounter accounting for the apparently contradictory experimental observations claimed to support either the solid or the fluid models. It allows the explanation of previous observations such as the dependence between respiratory complexes, supercomplex assembly dynamics or the existence of different functional ubiquinone pools. With the general acceptation of respiratory supercomplexes as true entities, this review evaluates the supporting evidences in favor or against the existence of different ubiquinone pools and the relationship between supercomplexes, ROS production and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Moreno-Loshuertos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna, 12, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - José Antonio Enríquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna, 12, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
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Amazing structure of respirasome: unveiling the secrets of cell respiration. Protein Cell 2016; 7:854-865. [PMID: 27743346 PMCID: PMC5205662 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-016-0329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Respirasome, a huge molecular machine that carries out cellular respiration, has gained growing attention since its discovery, because respiration is the most indispensable biological process in almost all living creatures. The concept of respirasome has renewed our understanding of the respiratory chain organization, and most recently, the structure of respirasome solved by Yang's group from Tsinghua University (Gu et al. Nature 237(7622):639-643, 2016) firstly presented the detailed interactions within this huge molecular machine, and provided important information for drug design and screening. However, the study of cellular respiration went through a long history. Here, we briefly showed the detoured history of respiratory chain investigation, and then described the amazing structure of respirasome.
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Coenzyme Q biosynthesis and its role in the respiratory chain structure. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1073-1078. [PMID: 26970214 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a unique electron carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which is synthesized on-site by a nuclear encoded multiprotein complex. CoQ receives electrons from different redox pathways, mainly NADH and FADH2 from tricarboxylic acid pathway, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase that support key aspects of the metabolism. Here we explore some lines of evidence supporting the idea of the interaction of CoQ with the respiratory chain complexes, contributing to their superassembly, including respirasome, and its role in reactive oxygen species production in the mitochondrial inner membrane. We also review the current knowledge about the involvement of mitochondrial genome defects and electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase mutations in the induction of secondary CoQ deficiency. This mechanism would imply specific interactions coupling CoQ itself or the CoQ-biosynthetic apparatus with the respiratory chain components. These interactions would regulate mitochondrial CoQ steady-state levels and function. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'EBEC 2016: 19th European Bioenergetics Conference, Riva del Garda, Italy, July 2-6, 2016', edited by Prof. Paolo Bernardi.
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Abstract
Since the discovery of the existence of superassemblies between mitochondrial respiratory complexes, such superassemblies have been the object of a passionate debate. It is accepted that respiratory supercomplexes are structures that occur in vivo, although which superstructures are naturally occurring and what could be their functional role remain open questions. The main difficulty is to make compatible the existence of superassemblies with the corpus of data that drove the field to abandon the early understanding of the physical arrangement of the mitochondrial respiratory chain as a compact physical entity (the solid model). This review provides a nonexhaustive overview of the evolution of our understanding of the structural organization of the electron transport chain from the original idea of a compact organization to a view of freely moving complexes connected by electron carriers. Today supercomplexes are viewed not as a revival of the old solid model but rather as a refined revision of the fluid model, which incorporates a new layer of structural and functional complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Enríquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
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Martínez-Zamora A, Meseguer S, Esteve JM, Villarroya M, Aguado C, Enríquez JA, Knecht E, Armengod ME. Defective Expression of the Mitochondrial-tRNA Modifying Enzyme GTPBP3 Triggers AMPK-Mediated Adaptive Responses Involving Complex I Assembly Factors, Uncoupling Protein 2, and the Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144273. [PMID: 26642043 PMCID: PMC4671719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
GTPBP3 is an evolutionary conserved protein presumably involved in mitochondrial tRNA (mt-tRNA) modification. In humans, GTPBP3 mutations cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with lactic acidosis, and have been associated with a defect in mitochondrial translation, yet the pathomechanism remains unclear. Here we use a GTPBP3 stable-silencing model (shGTPBP3 cells) for a further characterization of the phenotype conferred by the GTPBP3 defect. We experimentally show for the first time that GTPBP3 depletion is associated with an mt-tRNA hypomodification status, as mt-tRNAs from shGTPBP3 cells were more sensitive to digestion by angiogenin than tRNAs from control cells. Despite the effect of stable silencing of GTPBP3 on global mitochondrial translation being rather mild, the steady-state levels and activity of Complex I, and cellular ATP levels were 50% of those found in the controls. Notably, the ATPase activity of Complex V increased by about 40% in GTPBP3 depleted cells suggesting that mitochondria consume ATP to maintain the membrane potential. Moreover, shGTPBP3 cells exhibited enhanced antioxidant capacity and a nearly 2-fold increase in the uncoupling protein UCP2 levels. Our data indicate that stable silencing of GTPBP3 triggers an AMPK-dependent retrograde signaling pathway that down-regulates the expression of the NDUFAF3 and NDUFAF4 Complex I assembly factors and the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC), while up-regulating the expression of UCP2. We also found that genes involved in glycolysis and oxidation of fatty acids are up-regulated. These data are compatible with a model in which high UCP2 levels, together with a reduction in pyruvate transport due to the down-regulation of MPC, promote a shift from pyruvate to fatty acid oxidation, and to an uncoupling of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. These metabolic alterations, and the low ATP levels, may negatively affect heart function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martínez-Zamora
- Laboratory of RNA Modification and Mitochondrial Diseases, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Meseguer
- Laboratory of RNA Modification and Mitochondrial Diseases, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan M. Esteve
- Laboratory of Intracellular Protein Degradation and Rare Diseases, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Magda Villarroya
- Laboratory of RNA Modification and Mitochondrial Diseases, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Aguado
- Laboratory of Intracellular Protein Degradation and Rare Diseases, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), node U721, Valencia, Spain
| | - J. Antonio Enríquez
- Departamento de Desarrollo y Reparación Cardiovascular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Erwin Knecht
- Laboratory of Intracellular Protein Degradation and Rare Diseases, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), node U721, Valencia, Spain
| | - M.-Eugenia Armengod
- Laboratory of RNA Modification and Mitochondrial Diseases, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), node U721, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail:
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