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Lee YJ, Park M, Kim HY, Kim JK, Kim WK, Lim SC, Kang KW. Circulating small extracellular vesicles promote proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells via AXL and MerTK activation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:984-998. [PMID: 36450791 PMCID: PMC10104856 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-01029-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) after vascular injury lead to neointimal hyperplasia, thus aggravating vascular diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying neointima formation are not fully elucidated. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are mediators of various intercellular communications. The potential of EVs as regulators in cardiovascular diseases has raised significant interest. In the current study we investigated the role of circulating small extracellular vesicles (csEVs), the most abundant EVs (1010 EVs/mL serum) in VSMC functions. csEVs were prepared from bovine, porcine or rat serum. We showed that incubation with csEVs (0.5 × 1010-2 × 1010) dose-dependently enhanced the proliferation and migration of VSMCs via the membrane phosphatidylserine (PS). In rats with ligation of right carotid artery, we demonstrated that application of csEVs in the ligated vessels aggravated neointima formation via interaction of membrane PS with injury. Furthermore, incubation with csEVs markedly enhanced the phosphorylation of AXL and MerTK in VSMCs. Pretreatment with BSM777607 (pan-TAM inhibitor), bemcentinib (AXL inhibitor) or UNC2250 (MerTK inhibitor) blocked csEV-induced proliferation and migration of VSMCs. We revealed that csEV-activated AXL and MerTK shared the downstream signaling pathways of Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) that mediated the effects of csEVs. We also found that csEVs increased the expression of AXL through activation of transcription factor YAP, which might constitute an AXL-positive feedback loop to amplify the signals. Finally, we demonstrated that dual inhibition of AXL/MerTK by ONO-7475 (0.1 µM) effectively hindered csEV-mediated proliferation and migration of VSMCs in ex vivo mouse aorta injury model. Based on these results, we propose an essential role for csEVs in proliferation and migration of VSMCs and highlight the feasibility of dual AXL/MerTK inhibitors in the treatment of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Joo Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Miso Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ki Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ki Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chul Lim
- Department of Pathology, Medical school, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61453, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Ceccherini E, Cecchettini A, Gisone I, Persiani E, Morales MA, Vozzi F. Vascular Calcification: In Vitro Models under the Magnifying Glass. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102491. [PMID: 36289753 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a systemic disease contributing to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The pathophysiology of vascular calcification involves calcium salt deposition by vascular smooth muscle cells that exhibit an osteoblast-like phenotype. Multiple conditions drive the phenotypic switch and calcium deposition in the vascular wall; however, the exact molecular mechanisms and the connection between vascular smooth muscle cells and other cell types are not fully elucidated. In this hazy landscape, effective treatment options are lacking. Due to the pathophysiological complexity, several research models are available to evaluate different aspects of the calcification process. This review gives an overview of the in vitro cell models used so far to study the molecular processes underlying vascular calcification. In addition, relevant natural and synthetic compounds that exerted anticalcifying properties in in vitro systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ceccherini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonella Cecchettini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Gisone
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Persiani
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Aurora Morales
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Vozzi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy
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3
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Ministrini S, Puspitasari YM, Beer G, Liberale L, Montecucco F, Camici GG. Sirtuin 1 in Endothelial Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Aging. Front Physiol 2021; 12:733696. [PMID: 34690807 PMCID: PMC8527036 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.733696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a histone deacetylase belonging to the family of Sirtuins, a class of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent enzymes with multiple metabolic functions. SIRT1 localizes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and is implicated in the regulation of cell survival in response to several stimuli, including metabolic ones. The expression of SIRT1 is associated with lifespan and is reduced with aging both in animal models and in humans, where the lack of SIRT1 is regarded as a potential mediator of age-related cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we will summarize the extensive evidence linking SIRT1 functional and quantitative defects to cellular senescence and aging, with particular regard to their role in determining endothelial dysfunction and consequent cardiovascular diseases. Ultimately, we outline the translational perspectives for this topic, in order to highlight the missing evidence and the future research steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ministrini
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Internal Medicine, Angiology and Atherosclerosis, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Georgia Beer
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Liberale
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa-Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni G Camici
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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Xiao H, Chen J, Duan L, Li S. Role of emerging vitamin K‑dependent proteins: Growth arrest‑specific protein 6, Gla‑rich protein and periostin (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:2. [PMID: 33448308 PMCID: PMC7834955 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDPs) are a group of proteins that need vitamin K to conduct carboxylation. Thus far, scholars have identified a total of 17 VKDPs in the human body. In this review, we summarize three important emerging VKDPs: Growth arrest-specific protein 6 (Gas 6), Gla-rich protein (GRP) and periostin in terms of their functions in physiological and pathological conditions. As examples, carboxylated Gas 6 and GRP effectively protect blood vessels from calcification, Gas 6 protects from acute kidney injury and is involved in chronic kidney disease, GRP contributes to bone homeostasis and delays the progression of osteoarthritis, and periostin is involved in all phases of fracture healing and assists myocardial regeneration in the early stages of myocardial infarction. However, periostin participates in the progression of cardiac fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and airway remodeling of asthma. In addition, we discuss the relationship between vitamin K, VKDPs and cancer, and particularly the carboxylation state of VKDPs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Xiao
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Jiepeng Chen
- Sungen Bioscience Co., Ltd., Shantou, Guangdong 515071, P.R. China
| | - Lili Duan
- Sungen Bioscience Co., Ltd., Shantou, Guangdong 515071, P.R. China
| | - Shuzhuang Li
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
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5
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Ozcebe SG, Bahcecioglu G, Yue XS, Zorlutuna P. Effect of cellular and ECM aging on human iPSC-derived cardiomyocyte performance, maturity and senescence. Biomaterials 2020; 268:120554. [PMID: 33296796 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide and their occurrence is highly associated with age. However, lack of knowledge in cardiac tissue aging is a major roadblock in devising novel therapies. Here, we studied the effects of cell and cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) aging on the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocyte cell state, function, as well as response to myocardial infarction (MI)-mimicking stress conditions in vitro. Within 3-weeks, young ECM promoted proliferation and drug responsiveness in young cells, and induced cell cycle re-entry, and protection against stress in the aged cells. Adult ECM improved cardiac function, while aged ECM accelerated the aging phenotype, and impaired cardiac function and stress defense machinery of the cells. In summary, we have gained a comprehensive understanding of cardiac aging and highlighted the importance of cell-ECM interactions. This study is the first to investigate the individual effects of cellular and environmental aging and identify the biochemical changes that occur upon cardiac aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gulberk Ozcebe
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, 46556, IN, USA
| | - Gokhan Bahcecioglu
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, 46556, IN, USA
| | - Xiaoshan S Yue
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, 46556, IN, USA
| | - Pinar Zorlutuna
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, 46556, IN, USA; Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, 46556, IN, USA.
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6
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Dagamajalu S, Rex DAB, Palollathil A, Shetty R, Bhat G, Cheung LWT, Prasad TSK. A pathway map of AXL receptor-mediated signaling network. J Cell Commun Signal 2020; 15:143-148. [PMID: 32829427 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-020-00580-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shobha Dagamajalu
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India.
| | - D A B Rex
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Akhina Palollathil
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Rohan Shetty
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Guruprasad Bhat
- Department of Medical Oncology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Lydia W T Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India.
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7
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Testosterone ameliorates vascular aging via the Gas6/Axl signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:16111-16125. [PMID: 32717722 PMCID: PMC7485733 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Low serum testosterone level is associated with aging-related vascular stiffness, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. The Growth arrest-specific protein 6 (Gas6) /Axl pathway has been proved to play important roles in cell senescence. In this study, we intend to explore whether Gas6/Axl is involved in the effect of testosterone on vascular aging amelioration. Vascular aging models of wild type and Axl-/- mice were established by natural aging. Mice of these two gene types were randomized into young group, aging group and testosterone undecanoate (TU) treatment group. Mice were treated with TU (37.9 mg/kg) in the TU group, which treated with solvent reagent served as control. The aging mice exhibited decreases in serum testosterone, Gas6 and Axl levels and an increase in cell senescence, manifested age-related vascular remodeling. Testosterone treatment induced testosterone and Gas6 levels in serum, and ameliorated cell senescence and vascular remodeling in aging mice. Furthermore, we uncover the underlying molecular mechanism and show that testosterone treatment restored the phosphorylation of Akt and FoxO1a. Axl knockout accelerated cell senescence and vascular remodeling, and resisted the anti-aging effect of testosterone. Testosterone might exert a protective effect on vascular aging by improving cell senescence and vascular remodeling through the Gas6/Axl pathway.
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8
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Grossi E, Raimondi I, Goñi E, González J, Marchese FP, Chapaprieta V, Martín-Subero JI, Guo S, Huarte M. A lncRNA-SWI/SNF complex crosstalk controls transcriptional activation at specific promoter regions. Nat Commun 2020; 11:936. [PMID: 32071317 PMCID: PMC7028943 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14623-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
LncRNAs have been shown to be direct players in chromatin regulation, but little is known about their role at active genomic loci. We investigate the role of lncRNAs in gene activation by profiling the RNA interactome of SMARCB1-containing SWI/SNF complexes in proliferating and senescent conditions. The isolation of SMARCB1-associated transcripts, together with chromatin profiling, shows prevalent association to active regions where SMARCB1 differentially binds locally transcribed RNAs. We identify SWINGN, a lncRNA interacting with SMARCB1 exclusively in proliferating conditions, exerting a pro-oncogenic role in some tumor types. SWINGN is transcribed from an enhancer and modulates the activation of GAS6 oncogene as part of a topologically organized region, as well as a larger network of pro-oncogenic genes by favoring SMARCB1 binding. Our results indicate that SWINGN influences the ability of the SWI/SNF complexes to drive epigenetic activation of specific promoters, suggesting a SWI/SNF-RNA cooperation to achieve optimal transcriptional activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Grossi
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
- Institute of Health Research of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ivan Raimondi
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
- Institute of Health Research of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enrique Goñi
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
- Institute of Health Research of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jovanna González
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
- Institute of Health Research of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Francesco P Marchese
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
- Institute of Health Research of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Vicente Chapaprieta
- Departament de Fonaments Clinics, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José I Martín-Subero
- Departament de Fonaments Clinics, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Shuling Guo
- Department of Antisense Drug Discovery and Clinical Development, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - Maite Huarte
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain.
- Institute of Health Research of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
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9
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Triana-Martínez F, Loza MI, Domínguez E. Beyond Tumor Suppression: Senescence in Cancer Stemness and Tumor Dormancy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020346. [PMID: 32028565 PMCID: PMC7072600 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we provide an overview of the importance of cellular fate in cancer as a group of diseases of abnormal cell growth. Tumor development and progression is a highly dynamic process, with several phases of evolution. The existing evidence about the origin and consequences of cancer cell fate specification (e.g., proliferation, senescence, stemness, dormancy, quiescence, and cell cycle re-entry) in the context of tumor formation and metastasis is discussed. The interplay between these dynamic tumor cell phenotypes, the microenvironment, and the immune system is also reviewed in relation to cancer. We focus on the role of senescence during cancer progression, with a special emphasis on its relationship with stemness and dormancy. Selective interventions on senescence and dormancy cell fates, including the specific targeting of cancer cell populations to prevent detrimental effects in aging and disease, are also reviewed. A new conceptual framework about the impact of synthetic lethal strategies by using senogenics and then senolytics is given, with the promise of future directions on innovative anticancer therapies.
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10
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Chen FF, Song FQ, Chen YQ, Wang ZH, Li YH, Liu MH, Li Y, Song M, Zhang W, Zhao J, Zhong M. Exogenous testosterone alleviates cardiac fibrosis and apoptosis via Gas6/Axl pathway in the senescent mice. Exp Gerontol 2019; 119:128-137. [PMID: 30710682 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen has been implicated in aging-related cardiac remodeling, but its precise role in aging heart remains controversial. We aimed to investigate the role of testosterone in the development of aging-related cardiac remodeling and the mechanisms involved. METHODS Wild type and Axl knockout mice (Axl-/-) were randomized into three groups: the young group (n = 30, 3 months old), the aging group (n = 30, 18 months old), the testosterone undecanoate treatment group (TU, n = 30, 18 months old). Mice in the TU group were given testosterone undecanoate (39 mg/kg) by subcutaneous injection on the back at fifteen-months-old, once a month, a total of three times. The old group received solvent reagent (corn oil) by the same method. RESULTS The aging mice exhibited a decrease in serum testosterone, and Gas6 levels and an increase in apoptosis, and manifested cardiac fibrosis. Testosterone injection to wild type mice increased the levels of testosterone and Gas6 in serum and decreased cardiac apoptosis and fibrosis. Axl-/-mice receiving testosterone injection exhibited no obvious improvement in cardiac remodeling although the levels of testosterone and Gas6 in serum elevated. CONCLUSIONS These data indicated that testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) alleviates cardiac fibrosis and apoptosis, at least in part by enhancing Gas6 expression. Moreover, deletion of Axl disables testosterone, which indicated that Axl is an important downstream regulator of testosterone. TRT would improve aging-related cardiac remolding via Gas6/Axl signaling pathway, implicating its therapeutic potential to treat aging-related heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fang-Qiang Song
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Yan-Qing Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Gerontology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Yi-Hui Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ming-Hao Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Cardiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Song
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Ming Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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11
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Zhen Y, Lee IJ, Finkelman FD, Shao WH. Targeted inhibition of Axl receptor tyrosine kinase ameliorates anti-GBM-induced lupus-like nephritis. J Autoimmun 2018; 93:37-44. [PMID: 29895432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a typical lesion in autoantibody and immune complex disorders, including SLE. Because the Gas6/Axl pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many types of GN, targeting this pathway might ameliorate GN. Consequently, we have studied the efficacy and mechanism of R428, a potent selective Axl inhibitor, in the prevention of experimental anti-GBM nephritis. Axl upregulation was investigated with Sp1/3 siRNA in the SV40-transformed mesangial cells. For Axl inhibition, a daily dose of R428 (125 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered orally. GN was induced with anti-GBM sera. Renal disease development was followed by serial blood urine nitrogen (BUN) determinations and by evaluation of kidney histology at the time of sacrifice. Axl-associated signaling proteins were analyzed by Western blotting and inflammatory cytokine secretion was analyzed by Proteome array. SiRNA data revealed the transcription factor Sp1 to be an important regulator of mesangial Axl expression. Anti-GBM serum induced severe nephritis with azotemia, protein casts and necrotic cell death. R428 treatment diminished renal Axl expression and improved kidney function, with significantly decreased BUN and glomerular proliferation. R428 treatment inhibited Axl and significantly decreased Akt phosphorylation and renal inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression; similar effects were observed in anti-GBM antiserum-treated Axl-KO mice. These studies support a role for Axl inhibition in glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Zhen
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
| | - Iris J Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
| | - Fred D Finkelman
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati OH 45229 USA
| | - Wen-Hai Shao
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA.
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12
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Caldentey G, García De Frutos P, Cristóbal H, Garabito M, Berruezo A, Bosch X, San Antonio R, Flores-Umanzor E, Perea RJ, De Caralt TM, Rodríguez J, Ortiz-Pérez JT. Serum levels of Growth Arrest-Specific 6 protein and soluble AXL in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-ACUTE CARDIOVASCULAR CARE 2017; 8:708-716. [PMID: 29119801 DOI: 10.1177/2048872617740833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum soluble AXL (sAXL) and its ligand, Growth Arrest-Specific 6 protein (GAS6), intervene in tissue repair processes. AXL is increased in end-stage heart failure, but the role of GAS6 and sAXL in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is unknown. OBJECTIVES To study the association of sAXL and GAS6 acutely and six months following STEMI with heart failure and left ventricular remodelling. METHODS GAS6 and sAXL were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at one day, seven days and six months in 227 STEMI patients and 20 controls. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance was performed during admission and at six months to measure infarct size and left ventricular function. RESULTS GAS6, but not sAXL, levels during admission were significantly lower in STEMI than in controls. AXL increased progressively over time (p<0.01), while GAS6 increased only from day 7. GAS6 or sAXL did not correlate with brain natriuretic peptide or infarct size. However, patients with heart failure (Killip >1) had higher values of sAXL at day 1 (48.9±11.9 vs. 44.0±10.7 ng/ml; p<0.05) and at six months (63.3±15.4 vs. 55.9±13.7 ng/ml; p<0.05). GAS6 levels were not different among subjects with heart failure or left ventricular remodelling. By multivariate analysis including infarct size, Killip class and sAXL at seven days, only the last two were independent predictors of left ventricular remodelling (odds ratio 2.24 (95% confidence interval: 1.08-4.63) and odds ratio 1.04 (95% confidence interval: 1.00-1.08) respectively). CONCLUSION sAXL levels increased following STEMI. Patients with heart failure and left ventricular remodelling have higher sAXL levels acutely and at six month follow-up. These findings suggest a potential role of the GAS6-AXL system in the pathophysiology of left ventricular remodelling following STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Helena Cristóbal
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Garabito
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Berruezo
- Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Bosch
- Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Rosario J Perea
- Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain.,Centre de Diagnòstic per la Imatge, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa M De Caralt
- Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain.,Centre de Diagnòstic per la Imatge, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jany Rodríguez
- Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - José T Ortiz-Pérez
- Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Nanao-Hamai M, Son BK, Hashizume T, Ogawa S, Akishita M. Protective effects of estrogen against vascular calcification via estrogen receptor α-dependent growth arrest-specific gene 6 transactivation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 480:429-435. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Francica P, Aebersold DM, Medová M. Senescence as biologic endpoint following pharmacological targeting of receptor tyrosine kinases in cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 126:1-12. [PMID: 27574725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence was first described in 1961 in a seminal study by Hayflick and Moorhead as a limit to the replicative lifespan of somatic cells after serial cultivation. Since then, major advances in our understanding of senescence have been achieved suggesting that this mechanism is activated also by oncogenic stimuli, oxidative stress and DNA damage, giving rise to the concept of premature senescence. Regardless of the initial trigger, numerous experimental observations have been provided to support the notion that both replicative and premature senescence play pivotal roles in early stages of tumorigenesis and in response of tumor cells to anticancer treatments. Moreover, various studies have suggested that the induction of senescence by both chemo- and radiotherapy in a variety of cancer types correlates with treatment outcome. As it is widely accepted that cellular senescence may function as a fundamental barrier of tumor progression, the significance of senescence for clinical interventions that make use of novel molecular targeting-based modalities needs to be well defined. Interestingly, despite numerous studies evaluating efficacies of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) targeting strategies in both preclinical and clinical settings, the relevance of RTKs inhibition-associated senescence in tumors remains less characterized. Here we review the available literature that describes premature senescence as a major mechanism following targeting of RTKs in preclinical as well as in clinical settings. Additionally, we discuss the possible role of diverse RTKs in regulating the induction of senescence following cellular stress and possible implications of this crosstalk in identification of biomarkers of inhibitor-mediated chemo- and radiosensitization approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Francica
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel M Aebersold
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michaela Medová
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.
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15
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Chen YQ, Zhao J, Jin CW, Li YH, Tang MX, Wang ZH, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Li L, Zhong M. Testosterone delays vascular smooth muscle cell senescence and inhibits collagen synthesis via the Gas6/Axl signaling pathway. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 38:60. [PMID: 27206970 PMCID: PMC5005950 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9910-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Testosterone deficiency is associated with a higher incidence of cardiovascular diseases in men. However, its effect on cell senescence, which plays a causal role in vascular aging, remains unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that testosterone alleviated vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) senescence and collagen synthesis via growth arrest-specific protein 6 (Gas6)/Axl- and Akt/FoxO1a-dependent pathways. Testosterone significantly ameliorated angiotensin II-induced VSMC senescence and collagen overexpression. In addition, testosterone inhibited angiotensin II-induced matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity, which played a pivotal role in facilitating age-related collagen deposition. Testosterone increased the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 but decreased the expression of MMP-2 and membrane type-1 metalloproteinase which contributed to increase MMP-2 activity. The effects on VSMCs senescence and collagen synthesis were mediated by restoration of angiotensin II-induced downregulation of Gas6 and Axl expression and a subsequent reduction of Akt and FoxO1a phosphorylation. The effects of testosterone were reversed by a Gas6 blocker, Axl-Fc, and a specific inhibitor of Axl, R428. Treatment of VSMCs with PI3K inhibitor LY294002 abrogated the downregulating effect of testosterone on MMP-2 activity. Furthermore, when FoxO1a expression was silenced by using a specific siRNA, the inhibitory effect of testosterone on MMP-2 activity was revered as well, that indicated this process was Akt/FoxO1a dependence. Taken together, Gas6/Axl and Akt/FoxO1a were involved in protective effects of testosterone on VSMCs senescence and collagen synthesis. Our results provide a novel mechanism underlying the protective effect of testosterone on vascular aging and may serve as a theoretical basis for testosterone replacement therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Aging/genetics
- Androgens/pharmacology
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Blotting, Western
- Cattle
- Cells, Cultured
- Cellular Senescence
- Collagen/antagonists & inhibitors
- Collagen/biosynthesis
- DNA/genetics
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/biosynthesis
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/biosynthesis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/biosynthesis
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Testosterone/pharmacology
- Axl Receptor Tyrosine Kinase
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-qing Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, NO.107, Wen Hua Xi Road, Ji'nan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, NO.107, Wen Hua Xi Road, Ji'nan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-wei Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, NO.107, Wen Hua Xi Road, Ji'nan, 250012, People's Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Zibo, Zibo, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-hui Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, NO.107, Wen Hua Xi Road, Ji'nan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-xiong Tang
- The Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-hao Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, NO.107, Wen Hua Xi Road, Ji'nan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, NO.107, Wen Hua Xi Road, Ji'nan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, NO.107, Wen Hua Xi Road, Ji'nan, 250012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, NO.107, Wen Hua Xi Road, Ji'nan, 250012, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Tegge AN, Sharp N, Murali TM. Xtalk: a path-based approach for identifying crosstalk between signaling pathways. Bioinformatics 2015; 32:242-51. [PMID: 26400040 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btv549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Cells communicate with their environment via signal transduction pathways. On occasion, the activation of one pathway can produce an effect downstream of another pathway, a phenomenon known as crosstalk. Existing computational methods to discover such pathway pairs rely on simple overlap statistics. RESULTS We present Xtalk, a path-based approach for identifying pairs of pathways that may crosstalk. Xtalk computes the statistical significance of the average length of multiple short paths that connect receptors in one pathway to the transcription factors in another. By design, Xtalk reports the precise interactions and mechanisms that support the identified crosstalk. We applied Xtalk to signaling pathways in the KEGG and NCI-PID databases. We manually curated a gold standard set of 132 crosstalking pathway pairs and a set of 140 pairs that did not crosstalk, for which Xtalk achieved an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.65, a 12% improvement over the closest competing approach. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve varied with the pathway, suggesting that crosstalk should be evaluated on a pathway-by-pathway level. We also analyzed an extended set of 658 pathway pairs in KEGG and to a set of more than 7000 pathway pairs in NCI-PID. For the top-ranking pairs, we found substantial support in the literature (81% for KEGG and 78% for NCI-PID). We provide examples of networks computed by Xtalk that accurately recovered known mechanisms of crosstalk. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The XTALK software is available at http://bioinformatics.cs.vt.edu/~murali/software. Crosstalk networks are available at http://graphspace.org/graphs?tags=2015-bioinformatics-xtalk. CONTACT ategge@vt.edu, murali@cs.vt.edu SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison N Tegge
- Department of Computer Science, Department of Statistics and
| | | | - T M Murali
- Department of Computer Science, ICTAS Center for Systems Biology of Engineered Tissues, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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