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Hilgendorf I, Frantz S, Frangogiannis NG. Repair of the Infarcted Heart: Cellular Effectors, Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. Circ Res 2024; 134:1718-1751. [PMID: 38843294 PMCID: PMC11164543 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.323658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The adult mammalian heart has limited endogenous regenerative capacity and heals through the activation of inflammatory and fibrogenic cascades that ultimately result in the formation of a scar. After infarction, massive cardiomyocyte death releases a broad range of damage-associated molecular patterns that initiate both myocardial and systemic inflammatory responses. TLRs (toll-like receptors) and NLRs (NOD-like receptors) recognize damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and transduce downstream proinflammatory signals, leading to upregulation of cytokines (such as interleukin-1, TNF-α [tumor necrosis factor-α], and interleukin-6) and chemokines (such as CCL2 [CC chemokine ligand 2]) and recruitment of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Expansion and diversification of cardiac macrophages in the infarcted heart play a major role in the clearance of the infarct from dead cells and the subsequent stimulation of reparative pathways. Efferocytosis triggers the induction and release of anti-inflammatory mediators that restrain the inflammatory reaction and set the stage for the activation of reparative fibroblasts and vascular cells. Growth factor-mediated pathways, neurohumoral cascades, and matricellular proteins deposited in the provisional matrix stimulate fibroblast activation and proliferation and myofibroblast conversion. Deposition of a well-organized collagen-based extracellular matrix network protects the heart from catastrophic rupture and attenuates ventricular dilation. Scar maturation requires stimulation of endogenous signals that inhibit fibroblast activity and prevent excessive fibrosis. Moreover, in the mature scar, infarct neovessels acquire a mural cell coat that contributes to the stabilization of the microvascular network. Excessive, prolonged, or dysregulated inflammatory or fibrogenic cascades accentuate adverse remodeling and dysfunction. Moreover, inflammatory leukocytes and fibroblasts can contribute to arrhythmogenesis. Inflammatory and fibrogenic pathways may be promising therapeutic targets to attenuate heart failure progression and inhibit arrhythmia generation in patients surviving myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Hilgendorf
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine at the University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Frantz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY
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2
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Wang K, Huang H, Zhan Q, Ding H, Li Y. Toll-like receptors in health and disease. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e549. [PMID: 38685971 PMCID: PMC11057423 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are inflammatory triggers and belong to a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that are central to the regulation of host protective adaptive immune responses. Activation of TLRs in innate immune myeloid cells directs lymphocytes to produce the most appropriate effector responses to eliminate infection and maintain homeostasis of the body's internal environment. Inappropriate TLR stimulation can lead to the development of general autoimmune diseases as well as chronic and acute inflammation, and even cancer. Therefore, TLRs are expected to be targets for therapeutic treatment of inflammation-related diseases, autoimmune diseases, microbial infections, and human cancers. This review summarizes the recent discoveries in the molecular and structural biology of TLRs. The role of different TLR signaling pathways in inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, digestive diseases, and even cancers (oral, gastric, breast, colorectal) is highlighted and summarizes new drugs and related clinical treatments in clinical trials, providing an overview of the potential and prospects of TLRs for the treatment of TLR-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyu Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Hanyao Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Qi Zhan
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Haoran Ding
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
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3
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Li Y, Hu Y, Jiang F, Chen H, Xue Y, Yu Y. Combining WGCNA and machine learning to identify mechanisms and biomarkers of ischemic heart failure development after acute myocardial infarction. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27165. [PMID: 38455553 PMCID: PMC10918227 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemic heart failure (IHF) is a serious complication after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Understanding the mechanism of IHF after AMI will help us conduct early diagnosis and treatment. Methods We obtained the AMI dataset GSE66360 and the IHF dataset GSE57338 from the GEO database, and screened overlapping genes common to both diseases through WGCNA analysis. Subsequently, we performed GO and KEGG enrichment analysis on overlapping genes to elucidate the common mechanism of AMI and IHF. Machine learning algorithms are also used to identify key biomarkers. Finally, we performed immune cell infiltration analysis on the dataset to further evaluate immune cell changes in AMI and IHF. Results We obtained 74 overlapping genes of AMI and IHF through WGCNA analysis, and the enrichment analysis results mainly focused on immune and inflammation-related mechanisms. Through the three machine learning algorithms of LASSO, RF and SVM-RFE, we finally obtained the four Hub genes of IL1B, TIMP2, IFIT3, and P2RY2, and verified them in the IHF dataset GSE116250, and the diagnostic model AUC = 0.907. The results of immune infiltration analysis showed that 8 types of immune cells were significantly different in AMI samples, and 6 types of immune cells were significantly different in IHF samples. Conclusion We explored the mechanism of IHF after AMI by WGCNA, enrichment analysis, and immune infiltration analysis. Four potential diagnostic candidate genes and therapeutic targets were identified by machine learning algorithms. This provides a new idea for the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of IHF after AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Haoyu Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yitao Xue
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yiding Yu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
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Luan Y, Luan Y, Jiao Y, Liu H, Huang Z, Feng Q, Pei J, Yang Y, Ren K. Broadening Horizons: Exploring mtDAMPs as a Mechanism and Potential Intervention Target in Cardiovascular Diseases. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2023.1130. [PMID: 38270118 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been recognized as the leading cause of premature mortality and morbidity worldwide despite significant advances in therapeutics. Inflammation is a key factor in CVD progression. Once stress stimulates cells, they release cellular compartments known as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Mitochondria can release mitochondrial DAMPs (mtDAMPs) to initiate an immune response when stimulated with cellular stress. Investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying the DAMPs that regulate CVD progression is crucial for improving CVDs. Herein, we discuss the composition and mechanism of DAMPs, the significance of mtDAMPs in cellular inflammation, the presence of mtDAMPs in different types of cells, and the main signaling pathways associated with mtDAMPs. Based on this, we determined the role of DAMPs in CVDs and the effects of mtDAMP intervention on CVD progression. By offering a fresh perspective and comprehensive insights into the molecular mechanisms of DAMPs, this review seeks to provide important theoretical foundations for developing drugs targeting CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luan
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Luan
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxue Jiao
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qi Feng
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinyan Pei
- Quality Management Department, Henan No.3 Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kaidi Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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5
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Najjar RS. The Impacts of Animal-Based Diets in Cardiovascular Disease Development: A Cellular and Physiological Overview. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:282. [PMID: 37504538 PMCID: PMC10380617 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10070282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States, and diet plays an instrumental role in CVD development. Plant-based diets have been strongly tied to a reduction in CVD incidence. In contrast, animal food consumption may increase CVD risk. While increased serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations are an established risk factor which may partially explain the positive association with animal foods and CVD, numerous other biochemical factors are also at play. Thus, the aim of this review is to summarize the major cellular and molecular effects of animal food consumption in relation to CVD development. Animal-food-centered diets may (1) increase cardiovascular toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, due to increased serum endotoxins and oxidized LDL cholesterol, (2) increase cardiovascular lipotoxicity, (3) increase renin-angiotensin system components and subsequent angiotensin II type-1 receptor (AT1R) signaling and (4) increase serum trimethylamine-N-oxide concentrations. These nutritionally mediated factors independently increase cardiovascular oxidative stress and inflammation and are all independently tied to CVD development. Public policy efforts should continue to advocate for the consumption of a mostly plant-based diet, with the minimization of animal-based foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Salim Najjar
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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Abstract
With a global burden of 844 million, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is now considered a public health priority. Cardiovascular risk is pervasive in this population, and low-grade systemic inflammation is an established driver of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in these patients. Accelerated cellular senescence, gut microbiota-dependent immune activation, posttranslational lipoprotein modifications, neuroimmune interactions, osmotic and nonosmotic sodium accumulation, acute kidney injury, and precipitation of crystals in the kidney and the vascular system all concur in determining the unique severity of inflammation in CKD. Cohort studies documented a strong link between various biomarkers of inflammation and the risk of progression to kidney failure and cardiovascular events in patients with CKD. Interventions targeting diverse steps of the innate immune response may reduce the risk of cardiovascular and kidney disease. Among these, inhibition of IL-1β (interleukin-1 beta) signaling by canakinumab reduced the risk for cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease, and this protection was equally strong in patients with and without CKD. Several old (colchicine) and new drugs targeting the innate immune system, like the IL-6 (interleukin 6) antagonist ziltivekimab, are being tested in large randomized clinical trials to thoroughly test the hypothesis that mitigating inflammation may translate into better cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Zoccali
- Renal Research Institute New York and Institute of Molecular Biology and genetics (BIOGEM), Ariano Irpino, Italy and Associazione Ipertensione, Nefrologia, Trapianto (IPNET), Reggio Calabria Italy (C.Z.)
| | - Francesca Mallamaci
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano, Reggio Calabria, Italy and National Research Council (CNR), Clinical Epidemiology of Hypertension and Renal Diseases Unit of the Institute of Clinical Physiology, Reggio Calabria, Italy (F.M.)
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H S R, Halami PM. The Combined Effect of Potential Probiotic Bacillus licheniformis MCC 2514 and Bifidobacterium breve NCIM 5671 Towards Anti-inflammatory Activity on HT-29 Cell Lines. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:351-362. [PMID: 34581975 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are considered a natural source for treating many intestinal disorders, which deliver health benefits in different ways. The study aims to evaluate the immunomodulatory gene expression on HT-29 cell line using Bacillus licheniformis MCC 2514 and Bifidobacterium breve NCIM 5671 as a single culture and in combination. Upon inflammation induced by LPS, the combination of bacteria downregulated the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1α (13.4), IL-12 (14.6), IL-8 (2.6), and IL-6 (1.9), and in contrast, TNF-α (21.2) folds has upregulated. However, anti-inflammatory genes such as IL-4 (0.6), IL-10 (2.9), TGF-2 (92.2), and TGF-3 (85.8) folds were upregulated. The combination of bacteria against oxidative stress downregulated the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1α & β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, and IL-18, and upregulated the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, IL-4, TGF-2, and TGF-3. On the introduction of Kocuria rhizophila, the pro-inflammatory cytokines were upregulated. On supplementation of B. licheniformis and B. breve, the upregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines were decreased, and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4 (6.2), IL-10 (23.5), TGF-2 (166), and TGF-3(28.4) folds were increased. However, gene expression of toll-like receptor-2 was found high (26 folds) upon introducing probiotic bacteria. ELISA results of Interferon-γ found that the expression was higher (7.19 ng/mL) on the introduction of both the bacteria in combination. The higher anti-inflammatory activity was observed when potential probiotic bacteria were used in combination compared to a single culture. Overall study indicates that the combination of aerobic B. licheniformis and anaerobic B. breve has an anti-inflammatory activity that can sustain an excellent gastrointestinal environment during pathogen invasion and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohith H S
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
| | - Prakash Motiram Halami
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India.
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Liao D, Su X, Wang J, Yu J, Luo H, Tian W, Ye Z, He J. Pushing the envelope: Immune mechanism and application landscape of macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1113715. [PMID: 36761746 PMCID: PMC9902699 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1113715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma fermentans can cause respiratory diseases, arthritis, genitourinary tract infections, and chronic fatigue syndrome and have been linked to the development of the human immunodeficiency virus. Because mycoplasma lacks a cell wall, its outer membrane lipoproteins are one of the main factors that induce inflammation in the organism and contribute to disease development. Macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 (MALP-2) modulates the inflammatory response of monocytes/macrophages in a bidirectional fashion, indirectly enhances the cytotoxicity of NK cells, promotes oxidative bursts in neutrophils, upregulates surface markers on lymphocytes, enhances antigen presentation on dendritic cells and induces immune inflammatory responses in sebocytes and mesenchymal cells. MALP-2 is a promising vaccine adjuvant for this application. It also promotes vascular healing and regeneration, accelerates wound and bone healing, suppresses tumors and metastasis, and reduces lung infections and inflammation. MALP-2 has a simple structure, is easy to synthesize, and has promising prospects for clinical application. Therefore, this paper reviews the mechanisms of MALP-2 activation in immune cells, focusing on the application of MALP-2 in animals/humans to provide a basis for the study of pathogenesis in Mycoplasma fermentans and the translation of MALP-2 into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyong Liao
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiaoling Su
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jingyun Wang
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jianwei Yu
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Haodang Luo
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China,Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wei Tian
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zufeng Ye
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jun He
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China,*Correspondence: Jun He,
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Xie B, Xiong W, Zhang F, Wang N, Luo Y, Chen Y, Cao J, Chen Z, Ma C, Chen H. The miR-103a-3p/TGFBR3 axis regulates TGF-β-induced orbital fibroblast activation and fibrosis in thyroid-eye disease. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 559:111780. [PMID: 36179941 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecular pathways that contribute to orbital fibroblast activation during thyroid-eye disease (TED) may promote TED progression. Non-coding RNAs, especially miRNAs, play a critical role in the pathogenesis of TED. In the present study, miR-103a-3p was dramatically upregulated and TGFBR3 was downregulated within TED orbital tissue samples and TGF-β-stimulated TED orbital fibroblasts. miR-103a-3p inhibition in TGF-β-stimulated TED orbital fibroblasts partially abolished TGF-β-induced fibrotic alterations, as manifested by the impaired fibroblast cell viability and decreased vimentin and fibronectin levels. miR-103a-3p directly targeted TGFBR3 in TED orbital samples and TGF-β-stimulated TED orbital fibroblasts. In TGF-β-stimulated TED orbital fibroblasts, TGFBR3 overexpression inhibited fibroblast cell viability and decreased vimentin and fibronectin levels. TGFBR3 overexpression partially attenuated the inhibitory effects of miR-103a-3p overexpression on TGFBR3 expression and the promotive effects of miR-103a-3p overexpression on TGF-β-induced fibrotic alterations. Under TGF-β stimulation, miR-103a-3p overexpression significantly promoted, whereas TGFBR3 overexpression inhibited the phosphorylation of Erk1/2, JNK, Smad2, and Smad3. TGFBR3 overexpression also partially abolished the effects of miR-103a-3p overexpression on Erk1/2, JNK, Smad2, and Smad3 phosphorylation. In conclusion, the miR-103a-3p/TGFBR3 axis regulated TGF-β-induced TED orbital fibroblast activation and fibrosis in TED, with the possible involvement of the Erk/JNK and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - Nuo Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yizhi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Jiamin Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zhuokun Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Chen Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
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Cianci R, Franza L, Borriello R, Pagliari D, Gasbarrini A, Gambassi G. The Role of Gut Microbiota in Heart Failure: When Friends Become Enemies. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2712. [PMID: 36359233 PMCID: PMC9687270 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a complex health issue, with important consequences on the overall wellbeing of patients. It can occur both in acute and chronic forms and, in the latter, the immune system appears to play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. In particular, in the forms with preserved ejection fraction or with only mildly reduced ejection fraction, some specific associations with chronic inflammatory diseases have been observed. Another interesting aspect that is worth considering is the role of microbiota modulation, in this context: given the importance of microbiota in the modulation of immune responses, it is possible that changes in its composition may somewhat influence the progression and even the pathogenesis of heart failure. In this narrative review, we aim to examine the relationship between immunity and heart failure, with a special focus on the role of microbiota in this pathological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Cianci
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Franza
- Emergency Medicine Unit, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Borriello
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Danilo Pagliari
- Medical Officer of the Carabinieri Corps, Health Service of the Carabinieri General Headquarters, 00197 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gambassi
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Zhang D, Li Y, Wang W, Lang X, Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Yan J, Zhang Y. NOX1 promotes myocardial fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction via activating the TLR2/NF-κB pathway in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:928762. [PMID: 36225554 PMCID: PMC9549956 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.928762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a prevalent complication in patients with diabetes, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. However, the molecular mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy have yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated a novel target, NOX1, an isoform of superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase with key functional involvement in the pathophysiology of DCM. The DCM rat model was established by a high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin injections. DCM rats elicited myocardial fibrosis exacerbation, which was accompanied by a marked elevation of NOX1 expression in cardiac tissue. In particular, a specific NOX1 inhibitor, ML171, effectively decreased myocardial fibrosis and protected against cardiac dysfunction in DCM rats. Rat neonatal cardiac fibroblasts were incubated with high glucose (HG, 33 mM) as an in vitro model of DCM. We also observed that the expression of NOX1 was upregulated in HG-cultured cardiac fibroblasts. Silencing of NOX1 was found to attenuate myocardial fibrosis and oxidative stress in HG-induced cardiac fibroblasts. Furthermore, the upregulation of NOX1 by hyperglycemia induced activation of the TLR2/NF-κB pathway both in vitro and in vivo, whereas these effects were significantly attenuated with NOX1 gene silencing and further enhanced with NOX1 gene overexpression. In summary, we demonstrated that NOX1 induced activation of the TLR2/NF-κB pathway and increased reactive oxygen species production accumulation, which ultimately increased myocardial fibrosis and deteriorated cardiac function in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Our study revealed that NOX1 was a potential therapeutic target for DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yilan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xueyan Lang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanxiu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingru Yan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Yao Zhang,
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Li MJ, Yan SB, Dong H, Huang ZG, Li DM, Tang YL, Pan YF, Yang Z, Pan HB, Chen G. Clinical assessment and molecular mechanism of the upregulation of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in myocardial infarction. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:314. [PMID: 35840880 PMCID: PMC9287878 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02754-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The prevalence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases remain ranked first worldwide. Myocardial infarction (MI) is the central cause of death from cardiovascular diseases, seriously endangering human health. The clinical implication of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) remains contradictory, and its mechanism is still unknown. Hence, the objective of this study was to elucidate the clinical value and molecular mechanism of TLR2 in MI. Methods All high-throughput datasets and eligible literature were screened, and the expression levels of TLR2 were collected from the MI. The integrated expression level of TLR2 was displayed by calculating the standardized mean difference (SMD) and the area under the curve (AUC) of the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (sROC). The related TLR2 genes were sent for pathway analyses by gene ontology (GO), Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genome (KEGG), and disease ontology (DO). Single-cell RNA-seq was applied to ascertain the molecular mechanism of TLR2 in MI. Results Nine microarrays and four reported data were available to calculate the comprehensive expression level of TLR2 in MI, including 325 cases of MI and 306 cases of controls. The SMD was 2.55 (95% CI = 1.35–3.75), and the AUC was 0.76 (95% CI = 0.72–0.79), indicating the upregulation of TLR2 in MI. The related TLR2 genes were primarily enriched in the pathways of atherosclerosis, arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and arteriosclerosis, suggesting the clinical role of TLR2 in the progression of MI. Afterward, TLR2 was upregulated in myeloid cells in MI. Conclusions TLR2 may have a crucial role in progressing from coronary atherosclerosis to MI. The upregulation of TLR2 may have a favorable screening value for MI. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12872-022-02754-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jie Li
- Department of Pathology/Forensic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Bai Yan
- Department of Pathology/Forensic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Guang Huang
- Department of Pathology/Forensic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Ming Li
- Department of Pathology/Forensic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Lu Tang
- Department of Pathology/Forensic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Fang Pan
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of Guangxi Liugang Medical Co., LTD./Guangxi Liuzhou Dingshun Forensic Expert Institute, No. 9, Queershan Rd, Liuzhou, 545002, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Gerontology, NO. 923 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, No. 1 Tangcheng Rd, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Bo Pan
- Department of Pathology/Forensic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology/Forensic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
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Li D, Pi W, Sun Z, Liu X, Jiang J. Ferroptosis and its role in cardiomyopathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113279. [PMID: 35738177 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Cardiomyopathy is a disease characterized by the heart muscle damage, resulting heart in a structurally and functionally change, as well as heart failure and sudden cardiac death. The key pathogenic factor of cardiomyopathy is the loss of cardiomyocytes, but the related molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered regulated form of cell death, characterized by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation during cell death. Recent studies have shown that ferroptosis plays an important regulatory roles in the occurrence and development of many heart diseases such as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, cardiomyopathy and heart failure. However, the systemic association of ferroptosis and cardiomyopathy remains largely unknown and needs to be elucidated. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and its role in individual cardiomyopathies, highlight that targeting ferroptosis maybe a potential therapeutic strategy for cardiomyopathy therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danlei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wenhu Pi
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Taizhou, Radiation Oncology Institute of Enze Medical Health Academy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Taizhou hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhenzhu Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoman Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai 317000, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Komal S, Komal N, Mujtaba A, Wang SH, Zhang LR, Han SN. Potential therapeutic strategies for myocardial infarction: the role of Toll-like receptors. Immunol Res 2022; 70:607-623. [PMID: 35608723 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09290-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a life-threatening condition among patients with cardiovascular diseases. MI increases the risk of stroke and heart failure and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Several genetic and epigenetic factors contribute to the development of MI, suggesting that further understanding of the pathomechanism of MI might help in the early management and treatment of this disease. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are well-known members of the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) family and contribute to both adaptive and innate immunity. Collectively, studies suggest that TLRs have a cardioprotective effect. However, prolonged TLR activation in the response to signals generated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) results in the release of inflammatory cytokines and contributes to the development and exacerbation of myocardial inflammation, MI, ischemia-reperfusion injury, myocarditis, and heart failure. The objective of this review is to discuss and summarize the association of TLRs with MI, highlighting their therapeutic potential for the development of advanced TLR-targeted therapies for MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumra Komal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Nimrah Komal
- Department of Pharmacology, Mohi-Ud-Din Islamic Medical College, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Mirpur, 10250, Pakistan
| | - Ali Mujtaba
- Department of Pharmacology, Mohi-Ud-Din Islamic Medical College, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Mirpur, 10250, Pakistan
| | - Shu-Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Li-Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Sheng-Na Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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15
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Zhai Y, Ao L, Yao Q, The E, Fullerton DA, Meng X. Elevated Expression of TLR2 in Aging Hearts Exacerbates Cardiac Inflammatory Response and Adverse Remodeling Following Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury. Front Immunol 2022; 13:891570. [PMID: 35493479 PMCID: PMC9046986 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.891570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) augments the inflammatory responses and adverse remodeling in aging hearts to exacerbate myocardial injury and cardiac dysfunction.MethodsOld (20-22 months old) and adult (4-6 months old) mice of C57BL/6 wild-type and TLR2 knockout (KO) were subjected to coronary artery ligation (30 minutes) and reperfusion (3 or 14 days). Left ventricle function was assessed using a pressure-volume microcatheter. Cardiac infarct size was determined by histology. Levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP 9), and collagen I in non-ischemic myocardium were assessed by immunoblotting. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in ischemic and non-ischemic myocardium were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). TLR2 expression in the myocardium of untreated wild type mice was also measured by immunoblotting.ResultsHigher levels of MCP-1, KC, IL-6 were induced in both ischemic and non-ischemic myocardium of old wild type mice at day 3 and 14 following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) than those of adult wild type mice. The hyper-inflammatory responses to I/R in aging hearts were associated with elevated levels of myocardial TLR2. TLR2 KO markedly down-regulated the expression of MCP-1, KC, IL-6, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in aging hearts at day 3 and 14 following I/R. The down-regulated inflammatory activity in aging TLR2 KO hearts was associated with attenuated production of MMP 9 and collagen I at day 14 and resulted in reduced infarct size and improved cardiac function.ConclusionElevated expression of myocardial TLR2 contributes to the mechanism by which aging exacerbates the inflammatory responses, adverse remodeling and cardiac dysfunction following myocardial I/R in aging.
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Bezhaeva T, Karper J, Quax PHA, de Vries MR. The Intriguing Role of TLR Accessory Molecules in Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:820962. [PMID: 35237675 PMCID: PMC8884272 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.820962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of Toll like receptors (TLR) plays an important role in cardiovascular disease development, progression and outcomes. Complex TLR mediated signaling affects vascular and cardiac function including tissue remodeling and repair. Being central components of both innate and adaptive arms of the immune system, TLRs interact as pattern recognition receptors with a series of exogenous ligands and endogenous molecules or so-called danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that are released upon tissue injury and cellular stress. Besides immune cells, a number of structural cells within the cardiovascular system, including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts and cardiac myocytes express TLRs and are able to release or sense DAMPs. Local activation of TLR-mediated signaling cascade induces cardiovascular tissue repair but in a presence of constant stimuli can overshoot and cause chronic inflammation and tissue damage. TLR accessory molecules are essential in guiding and dampening these responses toward an adequate reaction. Furthermore, accessory molecules assure specific and exclusive TLR-mediated signal transduction for distinct cells and pathways involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Although much has been learned about TLRs activation in cardiovascular remodeling, the exact role of TLR accessory molecules is not entirely understood. Deeper understanding of the role of TLR accessory molecules in cardiovascular system may open therapeutic avenues aiming at manipulation of inflammatory response in cardiovascular disease. The present review outlines accessory molecules for membrane TLRs that are involved in cardiovascular disease progression. We first summarize the up-to-date knowledge on TLR signaling focusing on membrane TLRs and their ligands that play a key role in cardiovascular system. We then survey the current evidence of the contribution of TLRs accessory molecules in vascular and cardiac remodeling including myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, atherosclerosis, vein graft disease and arterio-venous fistula failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisiya Bezhaeva
- Department of Surgery and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jacco Karper
- Department of Cardiology, Wilhelmina Hospital Assen, Assen, Netherlands
| | - Paul H. A. Quax
- Department of Surgery and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Margreet R. de Vries
- Department of Surgery and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Margreet R. de Vries
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Kessler EL, Wang JW, Kok B, Brans MA, Nederlof A, van Stuijvenberg L, Huang C, Vink A, Arslan F, Efimov IR, Lam CSP, Vos MA, de Kleijn DPV, Fontes MSC, van Veen TAB. Ventricular TLR4 Levels Abrogate TLR2-Mediated Adverse Cardiac Remodeling upon Pressure Overload in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111823. [PMID: 34769252 PMCID: PMC8583975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Involvement of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in maladaptive cardiac remodeling and heart failure (HF) upon pressure overload has been studied extensively, but less is known about the role of TLR2. Interplay and redundancy of TLR4 with TLR2 have been reported in other organs but were not investigated during cardiac dysfunction. We explored whether TLR2 deficiency leads to less adverse cardiac remodeling upon chronic pressure overload and whether TLR2 and TLR4 additively contribute to this. We subjected 35 male C57BL/6J mice (wildtype (WT) or TLR2 knockout (KO)) to sham or transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery. After 12 weeks, echocardiography and electrocardiography were performed, and hearts were extracted for molecular and histological analysis. TLR2 deficiency (n = 14) was confirmed in all KO mice by PCR and resulted in less hypertrophy (heart weight to tibia length ratio (HW/TL), smaller cross-sectional cardiomyocyte area and decreased brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) mRNA expression, p < 0.05), increased contractility (QRS and QTc, p < 0.05), and less inflammation (e.g., interleukins 6 and 1β, p < 0.05) after TAC compared to WT animals (n = 11). Even though TLR2 KO TAC animals presented with lower levels of ventricular TLR4 mRNA than WT TAC animals (13.2 ± 0.8 vs. 16.6 ± 0.7 mg/mm, p < 0.01), TLR4 mRNA expression was increased in animals with the largest ventricular mass, highest hypertrophy, and lowest ejection fraction, leading to two distinct groups of TLR2 KO TAC animals with variations in cardiac remodeling. This variation, however, was not seen in WT TAC animals even though heart weight/tibia length correlated with expression of TLR4 in these animals (r = 0.078, p = 0.005). Our data suggest that TLR2 deficiency ameliorates adverse cardiac remodeling and that ventricular TLR2 and TLR4 additively contribute to adverse cardiac remodeling during chronic pressure overload. Therefore, both TLRs may be therapeutic targets to prevent or interfere in the underlying molecular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise L. Kessler
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (B.K.); (M.A.B.); (A.N.); (L.v.S.); (M.A.V.); (M.S.C.F.); (T.A.B.v.V.)
- Laboratory Experimental Cardiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508GA Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-628706156
| | - Jiong-Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore 117597, Singapore; (J.-W.W.); (C.H.)
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Bart Kok
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (B.K.); (M.A.B.); (A.N.); (L.v.S.); (M.A.V.); (M.S.C.F.); (T.A.B.v.V.)
| | - Maike A. Brans
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (B.K.); (M.A.B.); (A.N.); (L.v.S.); (M.A.V.); (M.S.C.F.); (T.A.B.v.V.)
- Laboratory Experimental Cardiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508GA Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Angelique Nederlof
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (B.K.); (M.A.B.); (A.N.); (L.v.S.); (M.A.V.); (M.S.C.F.); (T.A.B.v.V.)
| | - Leonie van Stuijvenberg
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (B.K.); (M.A.B.); (A.N.); (L.v.S.); (M.A.V.); (M.S.C.F.); (T.A.B.v.V.)
| | - Chenyuan Huang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore 117597, Singapore; (J.-W.W.); (C.H.)
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Aryan Vink
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508GA Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Fatih Arslan
- Laboratory Experimental Cardiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508GA Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Igor R. Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
| | - Carolyn S. P. Lam
- National Heart Centre Singapore and Duke-National University of Singapore, 5 Hospital Dr, Singapore 169609, Singapore;
- UMC Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc A. Vos
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (B.K.); (M.A.B.); (A.N.); (L.v.S.); (M.A.V.); (M.S.C.F.); (T.A.B.v.V.)
| | - Dominique P. V. de Kleijn
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Netherlands & Netherlands Heart Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508GA Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- The Netherlands Heart Institute, Moreelsepark 1, 3511EP Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Magda S. C. Fontes
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (B.K.); (M.A.B.); (A.N.); (L.v.S.); (M.A.V.); (M.S.C.F.); (T.A.B.v.V.)
| | - Toon A. B. van Veen
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (B.K.); (M.A.B.); (A.N.); (L.v.S.); (M.A.V.); (M.S.C.F.); (T.A.B.v.V.)
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Jong J, Packard RRS. 18F-FDG PET imaging of myocardial inflammation and viability following experimental infarction and anti-inflammatory treatment with compound MCC950. J Nucl Cardiol 2021; 28:2358-2360. [PMID: 32333277 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-020-02104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Jong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave., CHS Building Room 17-054A, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - René R Sevag Packard
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave., CHS Building Room 17-054A, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Veterans Affairs West Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Haley KE, Almas T, Shoar S, Shaikh S, Azhar M, Cheema FH, Hameed A. The role of anti-inflammatory drugs and nanoparticle-based drug delivery models in the management of ischemia-induced heart failure. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112014. [PMID: 34391184 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ongoing advancements in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (MI) have significantly decreased MI related mortality. Consequently, the number of patients experiencing post-MI heart failure (HF) has continued to rise. Infarction size and the extent of left ventricular (LV) remodeling are largely determined by the extent of ischemia at the time of myocardial injury. In the setting of MI or acute phase of post-MI LV remodeling, anti-inflammatory drugs including intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and Pentoxifylline have shown potential efficacy in preventing post-MI remodeling in-vitro and in some clinical trials. However, systemic administration of anti-inflammatory drugs are not without their off-target side effects. Herein, we explore the clinical feasibility of targeted myocardial delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs via biodegradable polymers, liposomes, hydrogels, and nano-particle based drug delivery models (NDDM) based on existing pre-clinical and clinical models. We summarize the barriers to clinical application of targeted anti-inflammatory delivery post-MI, including challenges in achieving sufficient retention and distribution, as well as the potential need for multiple dosing. Collectively, we suggest that localized delivery of anti-inflammatory agents to the myocardium using NDDM is a promising approach for successful treatment of ischemic HF. Future studies will be instrumental in determining the most effective target and delivery modalities for orchestrating NDDM-mediated treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Haley
- Graduate Entry Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2 Dublin, Ireland; Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Talal Almas
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2 Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Saeed Shoar
- HCA Healthcare Gulf Coast Division, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shan Shaikh
- HCA Healthcare Gulf Coast Division, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maimoona Azhar
- Graduate Entry Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2 Dublin, Ireland; Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Faisal Habib Cheema
- HCA Healthcare Gulf Coast Division, Houston, TX, USA; University of Houston, College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aamir Hameed
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2 Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland.
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20
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Kapelouzou A, Katsimpoulas M, Kontogiannis C, Lidoriki I, Georgiopoulos G, Kourek C, Papageorgiou C, Mylonas KS, Dritsas S, Charalabopoulos A, Cokkinos DV. A High-Cholesterol Diet Increases Toll-like Receptors and Other Harmful Factors in the Rabbit Myocardium: The Beneficial Effect of Statins. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:818-830. [PMID: 34449561 PMCID: PMC8928938 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43020059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A high-cholesterol diet (HCD) induces vascular atherosclerosis through vascular inflammatory and immunological processes via TLRs. The aim of this study is to investigate the mRNA expression of TLRs and other noxious biomarkers expressing inflammation, fibrosis, apoptosis, and cardiac dysfunction in the rabbit myocardium during (a) high-cholesterol diet (HCD), (b) normal diet resumption and (c) fluvastatin or rosuvastatin treatment. Methods: Forty-eight male rabbits were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 6/group). In the first experiment, three groups were fed with HCD for 1, 2 and 3 months. In the second experiment, three groups were fed with HCD for 3 months, followed by normal chow for 1 month and administration of fluvastatin or rosuvastatin for 1 month. Control groups were fed with normal chow for 90 and 120 days. The whole myocardium was removed; total RNA was isolated from acquired samples, and polymerase chain reaction, reverse transcription PCR and quantitative real-time PCR were performed. Results: mRNA of TLRs 2, 3, 4 and 8; interleukin-6; TNF-a; metalloproteinase-2; tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1; tumor protein 53; cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3; and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) increased in HCD. Statins but not resumption of a normal diet decreased levels of these biomarkers and increased levels of antifibrotic factors. Conclusions: HCD increases the levels of TLRs; inflammatory, fibrotic and apoptotic factors; and BNP in the rabbit myocardium. Atherogenic diets adversely affect the myocardium at a molecular level and are reversed by statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alkistis Kapelouzou
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Michalis Katsimpoulas
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.K.); (M.K.)
- Attiko Hospital Animal, 19002 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Kontogiannis
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (C.K.); (G.G.); (C.K.); (C.P.)
| | - Irene Lidoriki
- Vascular Unit, First Department of Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.L.); (K.S.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Georgios Georgiopoulos
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (C.K.); (G.G.); (C.K.); (C.P.)
| | - Christos Kourek
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (C.K.); (G.G.); (C.K.); (C.P.)
| | - Christos Papageorgiou
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (C.K.); (G.G.); (C.K.); (C.P.)
| | - Konstantinos S. Mylonas
- Vascular Unit, First Department of Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.L.); (K.S.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Spyridon Dritsas
- Second Department of Surgery, Aretaieio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Alexandros Charalabopoulos
- Vascular Unit, First Department of Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.L.); (K.S.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Dennis V. Cokkinos
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.K.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +30-210-6597376
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21
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Tang Y, Xu Z, Chen X, Wang N, Deng X, Peng L, Chen Q, Cai H. Effects of Enalapril on TLR2/NF- κB Signaling Pathway and Inflammatory Factors in Rabbits with Chronic Heart Failure. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:9594607. [PMID: 34335842 PMCID: PMC8294953 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9594607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic heart failure (CHF) refers to the state of persistent heart failure, which is a complex clinical syndrome of various advanced heart diseases. The toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)/nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) signal transduction pathway is one of the pathological mechanisms of CHF. Adriamycin can significantly induce the upregulation of TLR2 expression. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) are commonly used drugs for the treatment of CHF. In our study, the CHF model was established by injection of doxorubicin into the rabbit ear vein. The effect of enalapril on the TLR2/NF-κB signaling pathway in CHF rabbits has been analyzed and determined. Our research results showed that enalapril reduced the inflammatory response by inhibiting the activation of the TLR2/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby improving cardiac structure, myocardial remodeling, and cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Tang
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Zelin Xu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Xu Deng
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Liqi Peng
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Qingyang Chen
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, China
| | - Huzhi Cai
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, China
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22
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Wang N, Hou SY, Qi X, Deng M, Cao JM, Tong BD, Xiong W. LncRNA LPAL2/miR-1287-5p/EGFR Axis Modulates TED-Derived Orbital Fibroblast Activation Through Cell Adhesion Factors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e2866-e2886. [PMID: 33877318 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The activation of orbital fibroblasts, the prime targets in thyroid eye disease (TED), is central to its underlying pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the mechanism of TED orbital fibroblast activation from the perspective of noncoding RNA regulation. METHODS Immunofluorescence (IF) staining was applied to evaluate the fibrotic changes in target cells. Cell proliferation was evaluated by 5-ethoxy 2-deoxyuridine and colony-formation assays. Collagen I concentration was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Human microarray analysis was performed on 3 TED and 3 healthy control orbital tissue samples. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis showed that cell adhesion signaling factors were differentially expressed in TED tissues, including intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, ICAM-4, vascular cell adhesion molecule, and CD44, which were all upregulated in diseased orbital tissues. Long noncoding RNA LPAL2 level was also upregulated in orbital tissues and positively correlated with ICAM-1 and ICAM-4 expression. Stimulation of the TED orbital fibroblasts by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) significantly increased the expression of ICAM-1, ICAM-4, and LPAL2. Knockdown of LPAL2 in orbital fibroblasts inhibited TGF-β1-induced increases in cell adhesion factor levels and orbital fibroblast activation. Microarray profiling was performed on TED and normal orbital tissues to identify differentially expressed microRNAs, and miR-1287-5p was remarkably reduced within diseased orbital samples. miR-1287-5p was directly bound to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) 3' untranslated region and LPAL2, and LPAL2 modulated EGFR/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling through targeting miR-1287-5p. CONCLUSION The LPAL2/miR-1287-5p axis modulated TGF-β1-induced increases in cell adhesion factor levels and TED orbital fibroblast activation through EGFR/AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuo Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan,China
| | - Shi-Ying Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan,China
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan,China
| | - Mi Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan,China
| | - Jia-Min Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan,China
| | - Bo-Ding Tong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan,China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan,China
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23
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Ye S, Lin K, Wu G, Xu MJ, Shan P, Huang W, Wang Y, Liang G. Toll-like receptor 2 signaling deficiency in cardiac cells ameliorates Ang II-induced cardiac inflammation and remodeling. Transl Res 2021; 233:62-76. [PMID: 33652137 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the innate immune system represents a vital step in inflammation during cardiac remodeling induced by the angiotensin II (Ang II). This study aimed to explore the role of Toll-like receptors 2 (TLR2) in Ang II-induced cardiac remodeling. We investigated the effect of TLR2 deficiency on Ang II-induced cardiac remodeling by utilizing TLR2 knockout mice, bone marrow transplantation models, and H9C2 cells. Though TLR2 deficiency had no effect on body weight change, cardiac Ang II content and blood pressure, it significantly ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and inflammation, as well as improved heart function. Further bone marrow transplantation studies showed that TLR2-deficiency in cardiac cells but not bone marrow-derived cells prevented Ang II-induced cardiac remodeling and cardiac dysfunction. The underlying mechanism may involve increased TLR2-MyD88 interaction. Further in vitro studies in Ang II-treated H9C2 cells showed that TLR2 knockdown by siRNA significantly decreased Ang II-induced cell hypertrophy, fibrosis and inflammation. Moreover, Ang II significantly increased TLR2-MyD88 interaction in H9C2 cells in a TLR4-independent manner. TLR2 deficiency in cardiac cells prevents Ang II-induced cardiac remodeling, inflammation and dysfunction through reducing the formation of TLR2-MyD88 complexes. Inhibition of TLR2 pathway may be a therapeutic strategy of hypertensive heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiju Ye
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ke Lin
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gaojun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming-Jiang Xu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peiren Shan
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weijian Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhuji Biomedicine Institute, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhuji, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Guang Liang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhuji Biomedicine Institute, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhuji, Zhejiang, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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24
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Val‐Blasco A, Gil‐Fernández M, Rueda A, Pereira L, Delgado C, Smani T, Ruiz Hurtado G, Fernández‐Velasco M. Ca 2+ mishandling in heart failure: Potential targets. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 232:e13691. [PMID: 34022101 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ mishandling is a common feature in several cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure (HF). In many cases, impairment of key players in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis has been identified as the underlying mechanism of cardiac dysfunction and cardiac arrhythmias associated with HF. In this review, we summarize primary novel findings related to Ca2+ mishandling in HF progression. HF research has increasingly focused on the identification of new targets and the contribution of their role in Ca2+ handling to the progression of the disease. Recent research studies have identified potential targets in three major emerging areas implicated in regulation of Ca2+ handling: the innate immune system, bone metabolism factors and post-translational modification of key proteins involved in regulation of Ca2+ handling. Here, we describe their possible contributions to the progression of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angélica Rueda
- Department of Biochemistry Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV‐IPN) México City Mexico
| | - Laetitia Pereira
- INSERM UMR‐S 1180 Laboratory of Ca Signaling and Cardiovascular Physiopathology University Paris‐Saclay Châtenay‐Malabry France
| | - Carmen Delgado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols Madrid Spain
- Department of Metabolism and Cell Signalling Biomedical Research Institute "Alberto Sols" CSIC‐UAM Madrid Spain
| | - Tarik Smani
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV) Madrid Spain
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics University of Seville Seville Spain
- Group of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Institute of Biomedicine of Seville University Hospital of Virgen del Rocío, University of Seville, CSIC Seville Spain
| | - Gema Ruiz Hurtado
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory Institute of Research i+12 University Hospital 12 de Octubre Madrid Spain
- CIBER‐CV University Hospita1 12 de Octubre Madrid Spain
| | - Maria Fernández‐Velasco
- La Paz University Hospital Health Research Institute IdiPAZ Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV) Madrid Spain
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25
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Pluijmert NJ, Atsma DE, Quax PHA. Post-ischemic Myocardial Inflammatory Response: A Complex and Dynamic Process Susceptible to Immunomodulatory Therapies. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:647785. [PMID: 33996944 PMCID: PMC8113407 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.647785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Following acute occlusion of a coronary artery causing myocardial ischemia and implementing first-line treatment involving rapid reperfusion, a dynamic and balanced inflammatory response is initiated to repair and remove damaged cells. Paradoxically, restoration of myocardial blood flow exacerbates cell damage as a result of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI-R) injury, which eventually provokes accelerated apoptosis. In the end, the infarct size still corresponds to the subsequent risk of developing heart failure. Therefore, true understanding of the mechanisms regarding MI-R injury, and its contribution to cell damage and cell death, are of the utmost importance in the search for successful therapeutic interventions to finally prevent the onset of heart failure. This review focuses on the role of innate immunity, chemokines, cytokines, and inflammatory cells in all three overlapping phases following experimental, mainly murine, MI-R injury known as the inflammatory, reparative, and maturation phase. It provides a complete state-of-the-art overview including most current research of all post-ischemic processes and phases and additionally summarizes the use of immunomodulatory therapies translated into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niek J Pluijmert
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Douwe E Atsma
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Paul H A Quax
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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26
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Silvis MJM, Kaffka genaamd Dengler SE, Odille CA, Mishra M, van der Kaaij NP, Doevendans PA, Sluijter JPG, de Kleijn DPV, de Jager SCA, Bosch L, van Hout GPJ. Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns in Myocardial Infarction and Heart Transplantation: The Road to Translational Success. Front Immunol 2020; 11:599511. [PMID: 33363540 PMCID: PMC7752942 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.599511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the setting of myocardial infarction (MI), ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) occurs due to occlusion (ischemia) and subsequent re-establishment of blood flow (reperfusion) of a coronary artery. A similar phenomenon is observed in heart transplantation (HTx) when, after cold storage, the donor heart is connected to the recipient's circulation. Although reperfusion is essential for the survival of cardiomyocytes, it paradoxically leads to additional myocardial damage in experimental MI and HTx models. Damage (or danger)-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous molecules released after cellular damage or stress such as myocardial IRI. DAMPs activate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), and set in motion a complex signaling cascade resulting in the release of cytokines and a profound inflammatory reaction. This inflammatory response is thought to function as a double-edged sword. Although it enables removal of cell debris and promotes wound healing, DAMP mediated signalling can also exacerbate the inflammatory state in a disproportional matter, thereby leading to additional tissue damage. Upon MI, this leads to expansion of the infarcted area and deterioration of cardiac function in preclinical models. Eventually this culminates in adverse myocardial remodeling; a process that leads to increased myocardial fibrosis, gradual further loss of cardiomyocytes, left ventricular dilation and heart failure. Upon HTx, DAMPs aggravate ischemic damage, which results in more pronounced reperfusion injury that impacts cardiac function and increases the occurrence of primary graft dysfunction and graft rejection via cytokine release, cardiac edema, enhanced myocardial/endothelial damage and allograft fibrosis. Therapies targeting DAMPs or PRRs have predominantly been investigated in experimental models and are potentially cardioprotective. To date, however, none of these interventions have reached the clinical arena. In this review we summarize the current evidence of involvement of DAMPs and PRRs in the inflammatory response after MI and HTx. Furthermore, we will discuss various current therapeutic approaches targeting this complex interplay and provide possible reasons why clinical translation still fails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max J. M. Silvis
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Clémence A. Odille
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mudit Mishra
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Niels P. van der Kaaij
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pieter A. Doevendans
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Central Military Hospital, Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost P. G. Sluijter
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Saskia C. A. de Jager
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lena Bosch
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gerardus P. J. van Hout
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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27
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Frye CC, Bery AI, Kreisel D, Kulkarni HS. Sterile inflammation in thoracic transplantation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:581-601. [PMID: 32803398 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03615-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The life-saving benefits of organ transplantation can be thwarted by allograft dysfunction due to both infectious and sterile inflammation post-surgery. Sterile inflammation can occur after necrotic cell death due to the release of endogenous ligands [such as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and alarmins], which perpetuate inflammation and ongoing cellular injury via various signaling cascades. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a significant contributor to sterile inflammation after organ transplantation and is associated with detrimental short- and long-term outcomes. While the vicious cycle of sterile inflammation and cellular injury is remarkably consistent amongst different organs and even species, we have begun understanding its mechanistic basis only over the last few decades. This understanding has resulted in the developments of novel, yet non-specific therapies for mitigating IRI-induced graft damage, albeit with moderate results. Thus, further understanding of the mechanisms underlying sterile inflammation after transplantation is critical for identifying personalized therapies to prevent or interrupt this vicious cycle and mitigating allograft dysfunction. In this review, we identify common and distinct pathways of post-transplant sterile inflammation across both heart and lung transplantation that can potentially be targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Corbin Frye
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Amit I Bery
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, Campus Box 8052, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Hrishikesh S Kulkarni
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, Campus Box 8052, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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28
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Jaén RI, Val-Blasco A, Prieto P, Gil-Fernández M, Smani T, López-Sendón JL, Delgado C, Boscá L, Fernández-Velasco M. Innate Immune Receptors, Key Actors in Cardiovascular Diseases. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2020; 5:735-749. [PMID: 32760860 PMCID: PMC7393405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in the industrialized world. Most CVDs are associated with increased inflammation that arises mainly from innate immune system activation related to cardiac damage. Sustained activation of the innate immune system frequently results in maladaptive inflammatory responses that promote cardiovascular dysfunction and remodeling. Much research has focused on determining whether some mediators of the innate immune system are potential targets for CVD therapy. The innate immune system has specific receptors-termed pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)-that not only recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns, but also sense danger-associated molecular signals. Activation of PRRs triggers the inflammatory response in different physiological systems, including the cardiovascular system. The classic PRRs, toll-like receptors (TLRs), and the more recently discovered nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs), have been recently proposed as key partners in the progression of several CVDs (e.g., atherosclerosis and heart failure). The present review discusses the key findings related to the involvement of TLRs and NLRs in the progression of several vascular and cardiac diseases, with a focus on whether some NLR subtypes (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing receptor 3 and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1) can be candidates for the development of new therapeutic strategies for several CVDs.
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Key Words
- AMI, acute myocardial infarction
- CARD, caspase activation and recruitment domain
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- Ca2+, calcium ion
- DAMPs, danger-associated molecular patterns
- DAP, D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- HF, heart failure
- I/R, ischemia/reperfusion
- IL, interleukin
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- NF-κB, nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- NLR, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors
- NLRP, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing receptor
- NLRP3
- NOD, Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein
- NOD1
- PAMP, pathogen-associated molecular pattern
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SR, sarcoplasmic reticulum
- TLR, toll-like receptor
- cardiovascular disease
- innate immune system
- nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors
- toll-like receptors
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael I. Jaén
- Biomedical Research Institute “Alberto Sols” CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Cardiovascular (CIBER-CV, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Val-Blasco
- Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Prieto
- Biomedical Research Institute “Alberto Sols” CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Cardiovascular (CIBER-CV, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Dr. Patricia Prieto, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain. @IIBmCSICUAM
| | - Marta Gil-Fernández
- CIBER Cardiovascular (CIBER-CV, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tarik Smani
- CIBER Cardiovascular (CIBER-CV, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Luis López-Sendón
- CIBER Cardiovascular (CIBER-CV, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Delgado
- Biomedical Research Institute “Alberto Sols” CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Cardiovascular (CIBER-CV, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Biomedical Research Institute “Alberto Sols” CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Cardiovascular (CIBER-CV, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Fernández-Velasco
- CIBER Cardiovascular (CIBER-CV, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Address for correspondence: Dr. María Fernández-Velasco, Instituto de Investigación Hospital la Paz, IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain. @IdipazScience@CIBER_CV@Mfvlorenzo
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29
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Suehiro H, Fukuzawa K, Yoshida N, Kiuchi K, Takami M, Akita T, Tabata T, Takemoto M, Sakai J, Nakamura T, Yatomi A, Takahara H, Sonoda Y, Nakasone K, Yamamoto K, Suzuki A, Yamashita T, Hirata KI. Circulating intermediate monocytes and toll-like receptor 4 correlate with low-voltage zones in atrial fibrillation. Heart Vessels 2020; 35:1717-1726. [DOI: 10.1007/s00380-020-01647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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30
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Seclì L, Sorge M, Morotti A, Brancaccio M. Blocking Extracellular Chaperones to Improve Cardiac Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:411. [PMID: 32528937 PMCID: PMC7264090 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic or acute insults to the myocardium are responsible for the onset of cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Due to the poor regenerative ability of the human adult heart, the survival of cardiomyocytes is a prerequisite to support heart function. Chaperone proteins, by regulating sarcomeric protein folding, function, and turnover in the challenging environment of the beating heart, play a fundamental role in myocardial physiology. Nevertheless, a number of evidences indicate that, under stress conditions or during cell damage, myocardial cells release chaperone proteins that, from the extracellular milieu, play a detrimental function, by perpetuating inflammation and inducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Blocking the activity of extracellular chaperones has been proven to have beneficial effects on heart function in preclinical models of myocardial infarction and cardiomyopathy. The application of this approach in combination with tissue engineering strategies may represent a future innovation in cardiac regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Seclì
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Sorge
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Morotti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mara Brancaccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Rocca C, Pasqua T, Cerra MC, Angelone T. Cardiac Damage in Anthracyclines Therapy: Focus on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:1081-1097. [PMID: 31928066 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Despite their serious side effects, anthracyclines (ANTs) are the most prescribed chemotherapeutic drugs because of their strong efficacy in both solid and hematological tumors. A major limitation to ANTs clinical application is the severe cardiotoxicity observed both acutely and chronically. The mechanism underlying cardiac dysfunction under chemotherapy is mainly dependent on the generation of oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, both of which lead to progressive cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Recent Advances: Over the years, the iatrogenic ANTs-induced cardiotoxicity was believed to be simply given by iron metabolism and reactive oxygen species production; however, several experimental data indicate that ANTs may use alternative damaging mechanisms, such as topoisomerase 2β inhibition, inflammation, pyroptosis, immunometabolism, and autophagy. Critical Issues: In this review, we aimed at discussing ANTs-induced cardiac injury from different points of view, updating and focusing on oxidative stress and inflammation, since these pathways are not exclusive or independent from each other but they together importantly contribute to the complexity of ANTs-induced multifactorial cardiotoxicity. Future Directions: A deeper understanding of the mechanistic signaling leading to ANTs side effects could reveal crucial targeting molecules, thus representing strategic knowledge to promote better therapeutic efficacy and lower cardiotoxicity during clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Rocca
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Teresa Pasqua
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Cerra
- Laboratory of Organ and System Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.,National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.,National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
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Takahashi T, Terada Y, Pasque MK, Itoh A, Nava RG, Puri V, Kreisel D, Patterson AG, Hachem RR. Comparison of outcomes in lung and heart transplant recipients from the same multiorgan donor. Clin Transplant 2019; 34:e13768. [PMID: 31833584 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.13768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) and acute cellular rejection (ACR) are important causes of early morbidity and mortality following lung and heart transplantation. While many studies have elucidated donor-related risk factors of PGD and ACR, these complications often occur even with "ideal" donors. Therefore, we investigated potential associations of PGD and ACR between bilateral lung and heart transplant recipients from the same multiorgan donor, respectively. METHODS Between 2011 and 2017, 100 donors contributed 100 bilateral lung transplants and 100 heart transplants performed. Logistic regression analysis for PGD and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis for ACR were used to estimate the relationship of heart and lung transplants. RESULTS The incidence of PGD was 33% among lung and 17% among heart transplant recipients. Similarly, the incidence of ACR grade ≥ A2 for lung recipients was 38% (30/80), and the incidence of ACR grade ≥ 2R for heart recipients was 19% (15/80). There was no association between the development of PGD and ACR in lung and heart transplant recipients from the same donor, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that inherent donor factors are not critical to the development of PGD and ACR after lung and heart transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Takahashi
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yuriko Terada
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael K Pasque
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Akinobu Itoh
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ruben G Nava
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Varun Puri
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexander G Patterson
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ramsey R Hachem
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Mian MOR, He Y, Bertagnolli M, Mai-Vo TA, Fernandes RO, Boudreau F, Cloutier A, Luu TM, Nuyt AM. TLR (Toll-Like Receptor) 4 Antagonism Prevents Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Dysfunction Caused by Neonatal Hyperoxia Exposure in Rats. Hypertension 2019; 74:843-853. [PMID: 31476902 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth is associated with proinflammatory conditions and alterations in adult cardiac shape and function. Neonatal exposure to high oxygen, a rat model of prematurity-related conditions, leads to cardiac remodeling, fibrosis, and dysfunction. TLR (Toll-like receptor) 4 signaling is a critical link between oxidative stress, inflammation, and the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The current study sought to investigate the role of TLR4 signaling in neonatal oxygen-induced cardiomyopathy. Male Sprague-Dawley pups were kept in 80% oxygen or room air from day 3 to 10 of life and treated with TLR4 antagonist lipopolysaccharide from the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides(LPS-RS) or saline. Echocardiography was performed at 4, 7, and 12 weeks. At 12 weeks, intraarterial blood pressure was measured before euthanization for histological and biochemical analyses. At day 10, cardiac TLR4, Il (interleukin) 18, and Il1β expression were increased in oxygen-exposed compared with room air controls. At 4 weeks, compared with room air-saline, saline-, but not LPS-RS treated-, oxygen-exposed animals, exhibited increased left ventricle mass index, reduced ejection fraction, and cardiac output index. Findings were similar at 7 and 12 weeks. LPS-RS did not influence echocardiography in 12 weeks room air animals. Systolic blood pressure was higher in saline- but not LPS-RS treated-oxygen-exposed animals compared with room air-saline and -LPS-RS controls. LPS-RS prevented cardiac fibrosis and cardiomyocytes hypertrophy, the increased TLR4, Myd88, and Il18 gene expression, TRIF expression, and CD68+ macrophages infiltration associated with neonatal oxygen exposure, without impact in room air rats. This study indicates that neonatal exposure to high oxygen programs TLR4 activation, which contributes to cardiac remodeling and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Oneeb Rehman Mian
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sainte-Justine University Hospital and Research Center, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ying He
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sainte-Justine University Hospital and Research Center, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mariane Bertagnolli
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sainte-Justine University Hospital and Research Center, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Thuy-An Mai-Vo
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sainte-Justine University Hospital and Research Center, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Rafael Oliveira Fernandes
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sainte-Justine University Hospital and Research Center, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Fauve Boudreau
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sainte-Justine University Hospital and Research Center, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Anik Cloutier
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sainte-Justine University Hospital and Research Center, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Thuy Mai Luu
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sainte-Justine University Hospital and Research Center, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne Monique Nuyt
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sainte-Justine University Hospital and Research Center, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
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Darwesh AM, Sosnowski DK, Lee TYT, Keshavarz-Bahaghighat H, Seubert JM. Insights into the cardioprotective properties of n-3 PUFAs against ischemic heart disease via modulation of the innate immune system. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 308:20-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Takahashi T, Shishido T, Kinoshita D, Watanabe K, Toshima T, Sugai T, Narumi T, Otaki Y, Tamura H, Nishiyama S, Arimoto T, Takahashi H, Miyamoto T, Watanabe T, Woo CH, Abe JI, Takeishi Y, Kubota I, Watanabe M. Cardiac Nuclear High-Mobility Group Box 1 Ameliorates Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy by Inhibiting DNA Damage Response. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 4:234-247. [PMID: 31061925 PMCID: PMC6488753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
HMGB1 is a DNA-binding protein associated with nuclear homeostasis and DNA repair. Decreased nuclear HMGB1 expression is observed in human failing hearts, which is associated with cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis. Cardiac nuclear HMGB1 overexpression ameliorates Ang II–induced pathological cardiac remodeling by inhibiting cardiomyocyte DNA damage and following ataxia telangiectasia mutated activation in mice. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated inhibitor treatment provided a cardioprotective effect on Ang II–induced cardiac remodeling in mice.
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)–binding protein associated with DNA repair. Decreased nuclear HMGB1 expression and increased DNA damage response (DDR) were observed in human failing hearts. DNA damage and DDR as well as cardiac remodeling were suppressed in cardiac-specific HMGB1 overexpression transgenic mice after angiotensin II stimulation as compared with wild-type mice. In vitro, inhibition of HMGB1 increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 and nuclear factor kappa B, which was rescued by DDR inhibitor treatment. DDR inhibitor treatment provided a cardioprotective effect on angiotensin II–induced cardiac remodeling in mice.
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Key Words
- ANP, atrial natriuretic peptide
- ATM, ataxia telangiectasia mutated
- Ang II, angiotensin II
- BNP, brain natriuretic peptide
- CVF, collagen volume fraction
- DAMP, damage-associated molecular pattern
- DDR, deoxyribonucleic acid damage response
- DNA damage response
- DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid
- E/A ratio, ratio of early to atrial wave
- ERK1/2, extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2
- HMGB1
- HMGB1, high-mobility group box 1
- HMGB1-Tg, high-mobility group box 1 transgenic
- HW/TL, heart weight to tibial length
- IVSd, interventricular septum diameter
- LVDd, left ventricular diastolic dimension
- LVDs, left ventricular systolic dimension
- MyD, cardiomyocyte diameter
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B
- NRCM, neonatal rat cardiomyocyte
- PWd, posterior wall diameter
- WT, wild-type
- p-ATM, phosphorylation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated
- pathological cardiac hypertrophy
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Takahashi
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Shishido
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kinoshita
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Ken Watanabe
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Taku Toshima
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sugai
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Taro Narumi
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Otaki
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Harutoshi Tamura
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nishiyama
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Takanori Arimoto
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyamoto
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tetsu Watanabe
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Chang-Hoon Woo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology - Research, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yasuchika Takeishi
- Department of Cardiology and Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Isao Kubota
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Masafumi Watanabe
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
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A novel system-level approach using RNA-sequencing data identifies miR-30-5p and miR-142a-5p as key regulators of apoptosis in myocardial infarction. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14638. [PMID: 30279543 PMCID: PMC6168573 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33020-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This study identified microRNAs involved in myocardial infarction (MI) through a novel system-level approach using RNA sequencing data in an MI mouse model. This approach involved the extraction of DEGs and DEmiRs from RNA-seq data in sham and MI samples and the subsequent selection of two miRNAs: miR-30-5p (family) and miR-142a-5p, which were downregulated and upregulated in MI, respectively. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) using the predicted targets of the two miRNAs suggested that apoptosis is an essential gene ontology (GO)-associated term. In vitro functional assays using neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) demonstrated that miR-30-5p is anti-apoptotic and miR-142a-5p is pro-apoptotic. Luciferase assays showed that the apoptotic genes, Picalm and Skil, and the anti-apoptotic genes, Ghr and Kitl, are direct targets of miR-30-5p and miR-142a-5p, respectively. siRNA studies verified the results of the luciferase assays for target validation. The results of the system-level high throughput approach identified a pair of functionally antagonistic miRNAs and their targets in MI. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of MI which could lead to the development of therapeutic tools. The system-level approach could be used to identify miRNAs involved in variety of other diseases.
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Błyszczuk P. Toll-like receptor 2: On the crossroad between immune response, cardiac fibrosis and liquorice candy. Int J Cardiol 2018; 267:163-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Devi SM, Kurrey NK, Halami PM. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity among probiotic Lactobacillus species isolated from fermented foods. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Over-expression of a cardiac-specific human dopamine D5 receptor mutation in mice causes a dilated cardiomyopathy through ROS over-generation by NADPH oxidase activation and Nrf2 degradation. Redox Biol 2018; 19:134-146. [PMID: 30153650 PMCID: PMC6111036 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a severe disorder caused by medications or genetic mutations. D5 dopamine receptor (D5R) gene knockout (D5-/-) mice have cardiac hypertrophy and high blood pressure. To investigate the role and mechanism by which the D5R regulates cardiac function, we generated cardiac-specific human D5R F173L(hD5F173L-TG) and cardiac-specific human D5R wild-type (hD5WT-TG) transgenic mice, and H9c2 cells stably expressing hD5F173L and hD5WT. We found that cardiac-specific hD5F173L-TG mice, relative to hD5WT-TG mice, presented with DCM and increased cardiac expression of cardiac injury markers, NADPH oxidase activity, Nrf2 degradation, and activated ERK1/2/JNK pathway. H9c2-hD5F173L cells also had an increase in NADPH oxidase activity, Nrf2 degradation, and phospho-JNK (p-JNK) expression. A Nrf2 inhibitor also increased p-JNK expression in H9c2-hD5F173L cells but not in H9c2-hD5WT cells. We suggest that the D5R may play an important role in the preservation of normal heart function by inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species, via inhibition of NADPH oxidase, Nrf2 degradation, and ERK1/2/JNK pathways.
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Spurthi KM, Sarikhani M, Mishra S, Desingu PA, Yadav S, Rao S, Maity S, Tamta AK, Kumar S, Majumdar S, Jain A, Raghuraman A, Khan D, Singh I, Samuel RJ, Ramachandra SG, Nandi D, Sundaresan NR. Toll-like receptor 2 deficiency hyperactivates the FoxO1 transcription factor and induces aging-associated cardiac dysfunction in mice. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:13073-13089. [PMID: 29929978 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.001880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern-recognition receptors involved in innate immunity. Previous studies have shown that TLR2 inhibition protects the heart from acute stress, including myocardial infarction and doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in animal models. However, the role of TLR2 in the development of aging-associated heart failure is not known. In this work, we studied aging-associated changes in structure and function of TLR2-deficient mice hearts. Whereas young TLR2-KO mice did not develop marked cardiac dysfunction, 8- and 12-month-old TLR2-KO mice exhibited spontaneous adverse cardiac remodeling and cardiac dysfunction in an age-dependent manner. The hearts of the 8-month-old TLR2-KO mice had increased fibrosis, cell death, and reactivation of fetal genes. Moreover, TLR2-KO hearts displayed reduced infiltration by macrophages, increased numbers of myofibroblasts and atrophic cardiomyocytes, and higher levels of the atrophy-related ubiquitin ligases MuRF-1 and atrogin-1. Mechanistically, TLR2 deficiency impaired the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, leading to hyperactivation of the transcription factor Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) and, in turn, to elevated expression of FoxO target genes involved in the regulation of muscle wasting and cell death. AS1842856-mediated chemical inhibition of FoxO1 reduced the expression of the atrophy-related ubiquitin ligases and significantly reversed the adverse cardiac remodeling while improving the contractile functions in the TLR2-KO mice. Interestingly, TLR2 levels decreased in hearts of older mice, and the activation of TLR1/2 signaling improved cardiac functions in these mice. These findings suggest that TLR2 signaling is essential for protecting the heart against aging-associated adverse remodeling and contractile dysfunction in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondapalli Mrudula Spurthi
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Mohsen Sarikhani
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Sneha Mishra
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Perumal Arumugam Desingu
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Shikha Yadav
- the Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Swathi Rao
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Sangeeta Maity
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Tamta
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Shweta Kumar
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Shamik Majumdar
- the Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Aditi Jain
- the Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India, and
| | - Aishwarya Raghuraman
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Danish Khan
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Ishwar Singh
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Rosa J Samuel
- the Central Animal Facility, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Subbaraya G Ramachandra
- the Central Animal Facility, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Dipankar Nandi
- the Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Nagalingam R Sundaresan
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India,
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41
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Hally KE, La Flamme AC, Harding SA, Larsen PD. The effects of aspirin and ticagrelor on Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated platelet activation: results of a randomized, cross-over trial. Platelets 2018; 30:599-607. [PMID: 29869943 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2018.1479520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Platelet activation underlies the pathology of an acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is administered post-AMI to limit this activation. Platelets express Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 1, 2, and 4 and become potently activated in response to TLR2/1 and TLR4 stimulation. However, it is unknown whether antiplatelet agents can protect against platelet activation via these TLR pathways. This study aimed to determine the extent to which TLR-mediated platelet activation can be inhibited by currently used antiplatelet agents. Ten healthy subjects were enrolled into a single-blinded randomized cross-over trial. Subjects received either aspirin monotherapy or DAPT (aspirin in combination with ticagrelor) for 1 week, were washed out, and crossed over to the other drug regimen. Platelet activation was assessed in response to Pam3CSK4 (a TLR2/1 agonist) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS; a TLR4 agonist) at baseline and after each antiplatelet drug regimen. Platelet-surface expression of CD62p and PAC1 by flow cytometry was measured as markers of platelet activation. At baseline, expression of CD62p and PAC1 increased significantly in response to high-dose LPS and in a dose-dependent manner in response to Pam3CSK4. Aspirin monotherapy did not inhibit platelet activation in response to any TLR agonist tested. DAPT with aspirin and ticagrelor only modestly inhibited expression of both activation markers in response to high doses of Pam3CSK4 and LPS. However, incubation with these TLR agonists led to substantial platelet activation despite treatment with these anti-platelet agents. Platelet-TLR2/1 and platelet-TLR4 represent intact on-treatment platelet activation pathways, which may contribute to on-going platelet activation post-AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Hally
- a School of Biological Sciences , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington , New Zealand.,b Wellington Cardiovascular Research Group , Wellington , New Zealand
| | - Anne C La Flamme
- a School of Biological Sciences , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington , New Zealand.,b Wellington Cardiovascular Research Group , Wellington , New Zealand
| | - Scott A Harding
- a School of Biological Sciences , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington , New Zealand.,b Wellington Cardiovascular Research Group , Wellington , New Zealand.,c Department of Cardiology , Wellington Hospital , Wellington , New Zealand
| | - Peter D Larsen
- a School of Biological Sciences , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington , New Zealand.,b Wellington Cardiovascular Research Group , Wellington , New Zealand.,d Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia , University of Otago , Wellington , New Zealand
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Alvarez P, Briasoulis A. Immune Modulation in Heart Failure: the Promise of Novel Biologics. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11936-018-0617-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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43
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Kołodzińska A, Czarzasta K, Szczepankiewicz B, Główczyńska R, Fojt A, Ilczuk T, Budnik M, Krasuski K, Folta M, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A, Górnicka B, Opolski G. Toll-like receptor expression and apoptosis morphological patterns in female rat hearts with takotsubo syndrome induced by isoprenaline. Life Sci 2018; 199:112-121. [PMID: 29501923 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Toll-like receptors (TLR) and apoptosis were indicated as important factors in heart failure. Our aim was to characterize the morphological pattern of apoptosis, TLR2, TLR4, and TLR6 expression in female rat hearts in the model of takotsubo syndrome (TTS). MAIN METHODS 60 Sprague-Dawley female rats were treated with a single dose of 150 mg/kg b.wt. of isoprenaline (ISO) or 0.9% NaCl (controls). Hearts were collected 24, 48, 72 h and 7 days post-ISO injection. 32/60 hearts were used in immunohistopathological studies and 28/60 in real time. KEY FINDINGS Apoptosis was observed 24 h post-ISO in cardiomyocytes, 24, 48, 72 h and 7 days post-ISO in infiltrating inflammatory cells, 7 days post-ISO in endothelial cells of vessels. Diffuse TLR4CD68 (CD68, a macrophage marker) and TLR6CD68 positive cells and TLR2, TLR4, TLR6 mononuclear cells were observed in both acute and recovery phase of TTS. In the foci located in the neighborhood of damaged (necrotic/apoptotic) cardiomyocytes in TTS, high (strong) protein expression of TLR2 (TLR2high) was observed: 24, 48, 72 h post-ISO; TLR4high - 48 and 72 h post-ISO; TLR6high - 48 h post-ISO. Whereas in cardiomyocytes of remote myocardium: TLR2high - 72 h post-ISO; TLR4high - 24 and 72 h post-ISO; TLR6high - 24 h post-ISO. TLR2 mRNA was down-regulated 48 and 72 h post-ISO whereas TLR4 up-regulated 7 days post-ISO. SIGNIFICANCE The expression pattern of apoptosis and TLR differs in the course of TTS in comparison with the control rats. We hypothesize that innate immunity and apoptosis may play a crucial role in TTS pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kołodzińska
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1a Banacha St, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Czarzasta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 1b Banacha St, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | - Renata Główczyńska
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1a Banacha St, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Fojt
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1a Banacha St, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Ilczuk
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, 7 Pawińskiego St, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Monika Budnik
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1a Banacha St, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Krasuski
- Department of Medical Informatics and Telemedicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 1a Banacha St, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, 75 Koszykowa St, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Miłosz Folta
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1a Banacha St, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, 7 Pawińskiego St, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 1b Banacha St, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Barbara Górnicka
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, 7 Pawińskiego St, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Opolski
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1a Banacha St, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
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Lewis AJM, Miller JJ, Lau AZ, Curtis MK, Rider OJ, Choudhury RP, Neubauer S, Cunningham CH, Carr CA, Tyler DJ. Noninvasive Immunometabolic Cardiac Inflammation Imaging Using Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance. Circ Res 2018; 122:1084-1093. [PMID: 29440071 PMCID: PMC5908252 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.312535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Current cardiovascular clinical imaging techniques offer only limited assessment of innate immune cell-driven inflammation, which is a potential therapeutic target in myocardial infarction (MI) and other diseases. Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance (MR) is an emerging imaging technology that generates contrast agents with 10- to 20 000-fold improvements in MR signal, enabling cardiac metabolite mapping. OBJECTIVE To determine whether hyperpolarized MR using [1-13C]pyruvate can assess the local cardiac inflammatory response after MI. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MR studies in small and large animal models of MI and in macrophage-like cell lines and measured the resulting [1-13C]lactate signals. MI caused intense [1-13C]lactate signal in healing myocardial segments at both day 3 and 7 after rodent MI, which was normalized at both time points after monocyte/macrophage depletion. A near-identical [1-13C]lactate signature was also seen at day 7 after experimental MI in pigs. Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MR spectroscopy in macrophage-like cell suspensions demonstrated that macrophage activation and polarization with lipopolysaccharide almost doubled hyperpolarized lactate label flux rates in vitro; blockade of glycolysis with 2-deoxyglucose in activated cells normalized lactate label flux rates and markedly inhibited the production of key proinflammatory cytokines. Systemic administration of 2-deoxyglucose after rodent MI normalized the hyperpolarized [1-13C]lactate signal in healing myocardial segments at day 3 and also caused dose-dependent improvement in IL (interleukin)-1β expression in infarct tissue without impairing the production of key reparative cytokines. Cine MRI demonstrated improvements in systolic function in 2-DG (2-deoxyglucose)-treated rats at 3 months. CONCLUSIONS Hyperpolarized MR using [1-13C]pyruvate provides a novel method for the assessment of innate immune cell-driven inflammation in the heart after MI, with broad potential applicability across other cardiovascular disease states and suitability for early clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J M Lewis
- From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (A.J.M.L., J.J.M., M.K.C., C.A.C., D.J.T.), Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory (J.J.M.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.M.L., O.J.R., R.P.C., S.N.), and Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (R.P.C.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.L., C.H.C.)
| | - Jack J Miller
- From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (A.J.M.L., J.J.M., M.K.C., C.A.C., D.J.T.), Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory (J.J.M.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.M.L., O.J.R., R.P.C., S.N.), and Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (R.P.C.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.L., C.H.C.)
| | - Angus Z Lau
- From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (A.J.M.L., J.J.M., M.K.C., C.A.C., D.J.T.), Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory (J.J.M.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.M.L., O.J.R., R.P.C., S.N.), and Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (R.P.C.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.L., C.H.C.)
| | - Mary K Curtis
- From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (A.J.M.L., J.J.M., M.K.C., C.A.C., D.J.T.), Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory (J.J.M.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.M.L., O.J.R., R.P.C., S.N.), and Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (R.P.C.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.L., C.H.C.)
| | - Oliver J Rider
- From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (A.J.M.L., J.J.M., M.K.C., C.A.C., D.J.T.), Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory (J.J.M.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.M.L., O.J.R., R.P.C., S.N.), and Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (R.P.C.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.L., C.H.C.)
| | - Robin P Choudhury
- From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (A.J.M.L., J.J.M., M.K.C., C.A.C., D.J.T.), Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory (J.J.M.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.M.L., O.J.R., R.P.C., S.N.), and Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (R.P.C.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.L., C.H.C.)
| | - Stefan Neubauer
- From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (A.J.M.L., J.J.M., M.K.C., C.A.C., D.J.T.), Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory (J.J.M.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.M.L., O.J.R., R.P.C., S.N.), and Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (R.P.C.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.L., C.H.C.)
| | - Charles H Cunningham
- From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (A.J.M.L., J.J.M., M.K.C., C.A.C., D.J.T.), Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory (J.J.M.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.M.L., O.J.R., R.P.C., S.N.), and Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (R.P.C.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.L., C.H.C.)
| | - Carolyn A Carr
- From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (A.J.M.L., J.J.M., M.K.C., C.A.C., D.J.T.), Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory (J.J.M.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.M.L., O.J.R., R.P.C., S.N.), and Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (R.P.C.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.L., C.H.C.)
| | - Damian J Tyler
- From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (A.J.M.L., J.J.M., M.K.C., C.A.C., D.J.T.), Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory (J.J.M.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.M.L., O.J.R., R.P.C., S.N.), and Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (R.P.C.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.L., C.H.C.).
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Yu L, Feng Z. The Role of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling in the Progression of Heart Failure. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:9874109. [PMID: 29576748 PMCID: PMC5822798 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9874109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical systems worldwide are being faced with a growing need to understand mechanisms behind the pathogenesis of heart failure (HF) that is considered as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Elevated levels of inflammatory mediators have been identified in patients with HF, which are primarily manifestations of innate immune responses mediated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which belong to PRRs, are subjected to the release of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to generate innate immune responses. More and more emerging data indicate that TLR signaling pathway molecules are involved in the progression of HF. Herein, we present new data with regard to the activation of TLRs in the failing heart, focusing on TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR9, and suggest the potential use of TLRs in target therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
- Henan Key Laboratory of immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Zhiwei Feng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
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Zhang P, Shao L, Ma J. Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4 Predict New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients. Int Heart J 2018; 59:64-70. [PMID: 29375116 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.17-084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) can cause new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) due to cardiac remodeling. As a recent study has shown, inflammatory factors are closely tied to cell death and survival in myocardial ischemia injury. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been shown to participate in the process of myocardial infarction as innate immune factors.The subjects were divided into 3 groups: healthy controls (n = 82), MI patients (n = 84), and AFMI (new-onset atrial fibrillation after myocardial infarction) patients (n = 85). Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) TLR mRNA expression was detected by rt-PCR. Western blot was used to analyze PBMC TLRs and their downstream signal protein expression. PBMCs were presented as TLR2 expression or TLR4 expression using flow cytometry.From mRNA to protein detection, PBMC TLR2 and TLR4 were significantly higher in the AFMI group than in the control group and MI group. A similar tendency was also observed in the expression of downstream signaling proteins. When further analyzed with TLR2 and TLR4 antibodies by flow cytometry, PBMC levels also appeared to be higher in AFMI patients than those in MI patients and the healthy control group.In our study, PBMC TLRs and their downstream signaling proteins were significantly higher in the acute myocardial infarction patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation compared with healthy people and acute myocardial infarction patients without new-onset atrial fibrillation. They have the potential to be novel biomarkers for new-onset atrial fibrillation after acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics & Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Liang Shao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
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Abstract
The occlusion of a coronary artery by a thrombus generated on a ruptured atherosclerotic plaque has been pursued in the last decades as a determining event for the clinical outcome after myocardial infarction (MI). Yet, MI causes a cell death wave front, which triggers an inflammatory response to clear cellular debris, and which in excess can double the myocardial lesion and influence the clinical prognosis in the short and long term. Accordingly, proper, timely regulated inflammatory response has now been considered a second pivotal player in cardiac recovery after MI justifying the search for pharmacological strategies to modulate inflammatory effectors. This chapter reviews the key events and the main effectors of inflammation after myocardial ischemic insult, as well as the contribution of this phenomenon to the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim B Oliveira
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A S M Soares
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Andrei C Sposito
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
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48
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Frantz S, Falcao-Pires I, Balligand JL, Bauersachs J, Brutsaert D, Ciccarelli M, Dawson D, de Windt LJ, Giacca M, Hamdani N, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Hirsch E, Leite-Moreira A, Mayr M, Thum T, Tocchetti CG, van der Velden J, Varricchi G, Heymans S. The innate immune system in chronic cardiomyopathy: a European Society of Cardiology (ESC) scientific statement from the Working Group on Myocardial Function of the ESC. Eur J Heart Fail 2018; 20:445-459. [PMID: 29333691 PMCID: PMC5993315 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the immune system in heart failure (HF) has been recognized for over 20 years. Initially, experimental studies demonstrated a maladaptive role of the immune system. However, several phase III trials failed to show beneficial effects in HF with therapies directed against an immune activation. Preclinical studies today describe positive and negative effects of immune activation in HF. These different effects depend on timing and aetiology of HF. Therefore, herein we give a detailed review on immune mechanisms and their importance for the development of HF with a special focus on commonalities and differences between different forms of cardiomyopathies. The role of the immune system in ischaemic, hypertensive, diabetic, toxic, viral, genetic, peripartum, and autoimmune cardiomyopathy is discussed in depth. Overall, initial damage to the heart leads to disease specific activation of the immune system whereas in the chronic phase of HF overlapping mechanisms occur in different aetiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Frantz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ines Falcao-Pires
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jean-Luc Balligand
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), and Clinique Universitaire Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medizinische Hochschule, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Michele Ciccarelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Dana Dawson
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - Leon J de Windt
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mauro Giacca
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) and Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nazha Hamdani
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Denise Hilfiker-Kleiner
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medizinische Hochschule, Hannover, Germany
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Mayr
- The James Black Centre and King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, and REBIRTH Excellence Cluster, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carlo G Tocchetti
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
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49
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Inflammation following acute myocardial infarction: Multiple players, dynamic roles, and novel therapeutic opportunities. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 186:73-87. [PMID: 29330085 PMCID: PMC5981007 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 490] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and the heart failure that often follows, are major causes of death and disability worldwide. As such, new therapies are required to limit myocardial infarct (MI) size, prevent adverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling, and reduce the onset of heart failure following AMI. The inflammatory response to AMI, plays a critical role in determining MI size, and a persistent pro-inflammatory reaction can contribute to adverse post-MI LV remodeling, making inflammation an important therapeutic target for improving outcomes following AMI. In this article, we provide an overview of the multiple players (and their dynamic roles) involved in the complex inflammatory response to AMI and subsequent LV remodeling, and highlight future opportunities for targeting inflammation as a therapeutic strategy for limiting MI size, preventing adverse LV remodeling, and reducing heart failure in AMI patients.
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50
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Saleh RM, Awadin WF. Biochemical and histopathological changes of subacute cadmium intoxication in male rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:25475-25481. [PMID: 28975487 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0348-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical and histopathological effects of subacute intoxication of rats with cadmium (Cd) were studied in rats. Twenty adult healthy male albino rats were randomly divided into two duplicate groups (five rats in each cage); (1) control group where rats were provided with standard diet and water ad-libitum, (2) Cd group where rats were subjected to freshly prepared Cd chloride solution (CdCl2) 200 mg/l in drinking water daily for 8 weeks, the whole duration of experiment. Blood samples were obtained after 4 weeks, via retro-orbital bleeding for separation of serum. Five rats were killed, each sacrifice by decapitation for collection of kidneys and heart. Disturbed renal and cardiac functions were achieved after 4 weeks as indicated by the increase of most biochemical parameters measured in the serum, renal, and cardiac tissues. Histopathological examination of kidneys and hearts showed pathological alterations in Cd-intoxicated rats after 4 and 8 weeks with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson trichrome stains. It was concluded that subacute exposure of rats to Cd (200 mg/l) in drinking water daily induced glomerular shrinkage, focal renal, and cardiac fibrosis at 4 and 8 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha M Saleh
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Walaa F Awadin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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