1
|
Arthur TD, Nguyen JP, D'Antonio-Chronowska A, Jaureguy J, Silva N, Henson B, Panopoulos AD, Belmonte JCI, D'Antonio M, McVicker G, Frazer KA. Multi-omic QTL mapping in early developmental tissues reveals phenotypic and temporal complexity of regulatory variants underlying GWAS loci. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.10.588874. [PMID: 38645112 PMCID: PMC11030419 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.10.588874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Most GWAS loci are presumed to affect gene regulation, however, only ∼43% colocalize with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). To address this colocalization gap, we identify eQTLs, chromatin accessibility QTLs (caQTLs), and histone acetylation QTLs (haQTLs) using molecular samples from three early developmental (EDev) tissues. Through colocalization, we annotate 586 GWAS loci for 17 traits by QTL complexity, QTL phenotype, and QTL temporal specificity. We show that GWAS loci are highly enriched for colocalization with complex QTL modules that affect multiple elements (genes and/or peaks). We also demonstrate that caQTLs and haQTLs capture regulatory variations not associated with eQTLs and explain ∼49% of the functionally annotated GWAS loci. Additionally, we show that EDev-unique QTLs are strongly depleted for colocalizing with GWAS loci. By conducting one of the largest multi-omic QTL studies to date, we demonstrate that many GWAS loci exhibit phenotypic complexity and therefore, are missed by traditional eQTL analyses.
Collapse
|
2
|
DeFreitas MJ, Griffin R, Sanderson K, Nada A, Charlton JR, Jetton JG, Kent AL, Guillet R, Askenazi D, Abitbol CL. Maternal Hypertension Disorders and Neonatal Acute Kidney Injury: Results from the AWAKEN Study. Am J Perinatol 2024; 41:649-659. [PMID: 35196719 PMCID: PMC10981551 DOI: 10.1055/a-1780-2249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the association between maternal hypertension (HTN) exposure and neonatal acute kidney injury (AKI). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study of 2,162 neonates admitted to 24 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Neonates were classified into the following exposure groups: any maternal HTN, chronic maternal HTN, preeclampsia/eclampsia, both, or neither. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and AKI status were compared using Chi-square and analysis of variance. General estimating logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios and included a stratified analysis for site of delivery. RESULT Neonates exposed to any maternal HTN disorder had a tendency toward less overall and early AKI. When stratified by inborn versus outborn, exposure to both maternal HTN disorders was associated with a significantly reduced odds of early AKI only in the inborn neonates. CONCLUSION Exposure to maternal HTN, especially preeclampsia/eclampsia superimposed on chronic HTN, was associated with less likelihood of early AKI in the inborn group. KEY POINTS · Maternal HTN is associated with less neonatal AKI.. · Maternal HTN category is variably associated with AKI.. · Inborn status is an important contributor to this association..
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa J. DeFreitas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Miami/Holtz Children’s Hospital, Miami, Florida
| | - Russell Griffin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Keia Sanderson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Arwa Nada
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology & Hypertension Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jennifer R. Charlton
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jennifer G. Jetton
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, University of Iowa Stead Family Children’s Hospital, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Alison L. Kent
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
- Department of Pediatrics, Australian National University, ACT, Australia
| | - Ronnie Guillet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - David Askenazi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Carolyn L. Abitbol
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Miami/Holtz Children’s Hospital, Miami, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rock CR, White TA, Piscopo BR, Sutherland AE, Pham Y, Camm EJ, Sehgal A, Polglase GR, Miller SL, Allison BJ. Cardiovascular decline in offspring during the perinatal period in an ovine model of fetal growth restriction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H1266-H1278. [PMID: 37773057 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00495.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) increases the risk cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adulthood. Placental insufficiency and subsequent chronic fetal hypoxemia are causal factors for FGR, leading to a redistribution of blood flow that prioritizes vital organs. Subclinical signs of cardiovascular dysfunction are evident in growth-restricted neonates; however, the mechanisms programming for CVD in adulthood remain unknown. This study aimed to determine the potential mechanisms underlying structural and functional changes within the heart and essential (carotid) and nonessential (femoral) vascular beds in growth-restricted lambs. Placental insufficiency was surgically induced in ewes at 89 days gestational age (dGA, term = 148dGA). Three age groups were investigated: fetal (126dGA), newborn (24 h after preterm birth), and 4-wk-old lambs. In vivo and histological assessments of cardiovascular indices were undertaken. Resistance femoral artery function was assessed via in vitro wire myography and blockade of key vasoactive pathways including nitric oxide, prostanoids, and endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization. All lambs were normotensive throughout the first 4 wk of life. Overall, the FGR cohort had more globular hearts compared with controls (P = 0.0374). A progressive decline in endothelium-dependent vasodilation was demonstrated in FGR lambs compared with controls. Further investigation revealed that impairment of the prostanoid pathway may drive this reduction in vasodilatory capacity. Clinical indicators of CVD were not observed in our FGR lambs. However, subclinical signs of cardiovascular dysfunction were present in our FGR offspring. This study provides insight into potential mechanisms, such as the prostanoid pathway, that may warrant therapeutic interventions to improve cardiovascular development in growth-restricted newborns.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our findings provide novel insight into the potential mechanisms that program for cardiovascular dysfunction in growth-restricted neonates as our growth-restricted lambs exhibited a progressive decline in endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the femoral artery between birth and 4 wk of age. Subsequent analyses indicated that this reduction in vasodilatory capacity is likely to be mediated by the prostanoid pathway and prostanoids could be a potential target for therapeutic interventions for fetal growth restriction (FGR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charmaine R Rock
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tegan A White
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Beth R Piscopo
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy E Sutherland
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yen Pham
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emily J Camm
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arvind Sehgal
- Monash Newborn, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graeme R Polglase
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Beth J Allison
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Su L, Hendryx M, Li M, Pichardo MS, Jung SY, Lane DS, Chlebowski R, Sun Y, Li C, Luo J. Birth weight, adult body size, and risk of colorectal cancer. Cancer Epidemiol 2023; 85:102407. [PMID: 37413805 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2023.102407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that birth weight may be associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk later in life. Whether the association is mediated by adult body size remains unexamined. METHOD Cox proportional hazards models (Hazard Ratio (HR) and 95 % Confidence Intervals (CI)) were used to evaluate the association between self-reported birth weight (<6 lbs, 6-<8 lbs, ≥8 lbs) and CRC risk among 70,397 postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative. Further, we assessed whether this association was mediated by adult body size using multiple mediation analyses. RESULTS Compared with birth weights of 6-< 8 lbs, birth weight ≥ 8 lbs was associated with higher CRC risk in postmenopausal women (HR = 1.31, 95 % CI 1.16-1.48). This association was significantly mediated by adult height (proportion mediated =11.4 %), weight (11.2 %), waist circumference (10.9 %), and body mass index at baseline (4.0 %). The joint effect of adult height and weight explained 21.6 % of this positive association. CONCLUSION Our data support the hypothesis that the intrauterine environment and fetal development may be related to the risk of developing CRC later in life. While adult body size partially explains this association, further investigation is required to identify other factors that mediate the link between birth weight and CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA.
| | - Michael Hendryx
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Margaret S Pichardo
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Su Yon Jung
- Department of Translational Sciences Section, School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dorothy S Lane
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY, USA
| | - Rowan Chlebowski
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Lundquist Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Yangbo Sun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Chao Li
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Juhua Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Singh D, Manna S, Barik M, Rehman T, Kanungo S, Pati S. Prevalence and correlates of low birth weight in India: findings from national family health survey 5. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:456. [PMID: 37340388 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05726-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood mortality and morbidity has become a major public health issue in low-middle-income countries. However, evidence suggested that Low birth weight(LBW) is one of the most important risk factors for childhood deaths and disability.This study is designed to estimate the prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) in India and to identify maternal correlates associated with LBW. METHODS Data has been taken from National Family Health Survey 5 (2019-2021) for analysis. 149,279 women belonging to reproductive age group (15-49) year who had last recent most delivery preceding the NFHS-5 survey. RESULTS Mother's age, female child, birth interval of less than 24 months, their low educational level, low wealth index, rural residence, lack of insurance coverage, women with low BMI, anaemia, and no ANC visits during pregnancy are predictors that contribute to LBW in India. After adjusting for covariates, smoking and alcohol consupmtion is strongly correlated with LBW. CONCLUSION Mother's age, educational attainment and socioeconomic status of living has a highly significant with LBW in India. However, consumption of tobacco and cigarrettes are also associated with LBW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damini Singh
- Division of Public Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar-23, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sayantani Manna
- Division of Public Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar-23, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Manish Barik
- Division of Public Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar-23, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Tanveer Rehman
- Division of Public Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar-23, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- Division of Public Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar-23, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Division of Public Health Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar-23, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cauzzo C, Chiavaroli V, Di Valerio S, Chiarelli F. Birth size, growth trajectory and later cardio-metabolic risk. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1187261. [PMID: 37342257 PMCID: PMC10277632 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1187261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence of a strong association between intrauterine growth and subsequent development of chronic disease in adult life. Birth size and growth trajectory have been demonstrated to have an impact on cardio-metabolic health, both in childhood and adult life. Hence, careful observation of the children's growth pattern, starting from the intrauterine period and the first years of life, should be emphasized to detect the possible onset of cardio-metabolic sequelae. This allows to intervene on them as soon as they are detected, first of all through lifestyle interventions, whose efficacy seems to be higher when they are started early. Recent papers suggest that prematurity may constitute an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome, regardless of birth weight. The purpose of the present review is to examine and summarize the available knowledge about the dynamic association between intrauterine and postnatal growth and cardio-metabolic risk, from childhood to adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cauzzo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Branda JIF, de Almeida-Pititto B, Bensenor I, Lotufo PA, Ferreira SRG. Associations of prematurity and low birth weight with blood pressure and kidney function in middle-aged participants of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health: ELSA-Brasil. J Nephrol 2023; 36:1373-1382. [PMID: 36646972 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-022-01549-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An adverse intrauterine environment reflected by low birth weight (LBW) and prematurity may induce fetal programming that favors kidney dysfunction in adulthood. We examined the association of LBW and prematurity with blood pressure (BP) and kidney function markers in non-diabetic, middle-aged adults without kidney disease from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of 768 subjects aged 35-54 years was conducted. Comparisons were performed according to self-reported birth weight: LBW (< 2.5 kg) or normal birth weight (2.5-4.0 kg). Associations of LBW and prematurity with BP levels and kidney function markers "(estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR], albumin-creatinine ratio [ACR] and serum cystatin-C) were tested by multiple linear regression using adjustments based on Directed Acyclic Graphs. Propensity score matching was applied to control imbalances. RESULTS Mean age of participants was 45.5 ± 4.6 years and 56.8% were female; 64 (8.3%) participants reported LBW and 39 (5.0%) prematurity. The LBW group had higher systolic (p = 0.015) and diastolic BP (p = 0.014) and ACR values (p = 0.031) and lower eGFR (p = 0.015) than the normal birth weight group, but no group difference for cystatin-C was found. The preterm group had higher mean levels of systolic and diastolic BP, but no difference in kidney function markers was evident. In a regression model adjusted for sex, skin color and family history of hypertension, both systolic and diastolic BP levels were associated with LBW, but this association disappeared after adding for prematurity, which remained associated with BP (p = 0.017). Having applied a propensity score matching, LBW was associated with ACR values (p = 0.003), but not with eGFR or BP levels. CONCLUSION The study findings of independent associations of prematurity with higher BP levels, and of LBW with markers of kidney function in adulthood, support that early life events may predict risk for hypertension and kidney dysfunction in adulthood. The study design precluded the inferring of causality, and prospective studies are needed to further investigate this hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ines F Branda
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil
- Center of Clinical and Epidemiological Research at University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca de Almeida-Pititto
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center of Clinical and Epidemiological Research at University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabela Bensenor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center of Clinical and Epidemiological Research at University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Lotufo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center of Clinical and Epidemiological Research at University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Roberta G Ferreira
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil.
- Center of Clinical and Epidemiological Research at University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cameron VA, Jones GT, Horwood LJ, Pilbrow AP, Martin J, Frampton C, Ip WT, Troughton RW, Greer C, Yang J, Epton MJ, Harris SL, Darlow BA. DNA methylation patterns at birth predict health outcomes in young adults born very low birthweight. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:47. [PMID: 36959629 PMCID: PMC10035230 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01463-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals born very low birthweight (VLBW) are at increased risk of impaired cardiovascular and respiratory function in adulthood. To identify markers to predict future risk for VLBW individuals, we analyzed DNA methylation at birth and at 28 years in the New Zealand (NZ) VLBW cohort (all infants born < 1500 g in NZ in 1986) compared with age-matched, normal birthweight controls. Associations between neonatal methylation and cardiac structure and function (echocardiography), vascular function and respiratory outcomes at age 28 years were documented. Results Genomic DNA from archived newborn heel-prick blood (n = 109 VLBW, 51 controls) and from peripheral blood at ~ 28 years (n = 215 VLBW, 96 controls) was analyzed on Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC 850 K arrays. Following quality assurance and normalization, methylation levels were compared between VLBW cases and controls at both ages by linear regression, with genome-wide significance set to p < 0.05 adjusted for false discovery rate (FDR, Benjamini-Hochberg). In neonates, methylation at over 16,400 CpG methylation sites differed between VLBW cases and controls and the canonical pathway most enriched for these CpGs was Cardiac Hypertrophy Signaling (p = 3.44E−11). The top 20 CpGs that differed most between VLBW cases and controls featured clusters in ARID3A, SPATA33, and PLCH1 and these 3 genes, along with MCF2L, TRBJ2-1 and SRC, led the list of 15,000 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) reaching FDR-adj significance. Fifteen of the 20 top CpGs in the neonate EWAS showed associations between methylation at birth and adult cardiovascular traits (particularly LnRHI). In 28-year-old adults, twelve CpGs differed between VLBW cases and controls at FDR-adjusted significance, including hypermethylation in EBF4 (four CpGs), CFI and UNC119B and hypomethylation at three CpGs in HIF3A and one in KCNQ1. DNA methylation GrimAge scores at 28 years were significantly greater in VLBW cases versus controls and weakly associated with cardiovascular traits. Four CpGs were identified where methylation differed between VLBW cases and controls in both neonates and adults, three reversing directions with age (two CpGs in EBF4, one in SNAI1 were hypomethylated in neonates, hypermethylated in adults). Of these, cg16426670 in EBF4 at birth showed associations with several cardiovascular traits in adults. Conclusions These findings suggest that methylation patterns in VLBW neonates may be informative about future adult cardiovascular and respiratory outcomes and have value in guiding early preventative care to improve adult health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-023-01463-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vicky A. Cameron
- grid.29980.3a0000 0004 1936 7830Christchurch Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140 New Zealand
| | - Gregory T. Jones
- grid.29980.3a0000 0004 1936 7830Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - L. John Horwood
- grid.29980.3a0000 0004 1936 7830Christchurch Health and Development Study, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Anna P. Pilbrow
- grid.29980.3a0000 0004 1936 7830Christchurch Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140 New Zealand
| | - Julia Martin
- grid.29980.3a0000 0004 1936 7830Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Chris Frampton
- grid.29980.3a0000 0004 1936 7830Christchurch Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140 New Zealand
| | - Wendy T. Ip
- grid.29980.3a0000 0004 1936 7830Christchurch Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140 New Zealand
| | - Richard W. Troughton
- grid.29980.3a0000 0004 1936 7830Christchurch Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140 New Zealand
| | - Charlotte Greer
- grid.29980.3a0000 0004 1936 7830Christchurch Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140 New Zealand
| | - Jun Yang
- grid.414299.30000 0004 0614 1349Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Michael J. Epton
- grid.414299.30000 0004 0614 1349Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Sarah L. Harris
- grid.29980.3a0000 0004 1936 7830Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Brian A. Darlow
- grid.29980.3a0000 0004 1936 7830Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li X, Hu W, Li L, Chen Z, Jiang T, Zhang D, Liu K, Wang H. MiR-133a-3p/Sirt1 epigenetic programming mediates hypercholesterolemia susceptibility in female offspring induced by prenatal dexamethasone exposure. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115306. [PMID: 36326533 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that adverse intrauterine conditions increase offspring's hypercholesterolemia susceptibility in adulthood. This study aimed to confirm prenatal dexamethasone exposure (PDE)-induced hypercholesterolemia susceptibility in female adult offspring rats, and elucidate its intrauterine programming mechanism. Pregnant Wistar rats were injected with dexamethasone subcutaneously (0, 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg·d) from gestational day (GD) 9 to 20. Serum and liver of the female offspring were collected at GD21 and postnatal week (PW) 12 and 28. PDE offspring showed elevated serum total cholesterol (TCH) levels and a cholesterol phenotype of high cardiovascular disease risk at PW12 and PW28. The histone acetylation levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (Hmgcr) and its expression were consistently increased in the PDE offspring both in utero and after birth. Moreover, PDE promoted glucocorticoid receptor (GR) nuclear translocation and miR-133a-3p expression and inhibited sirtuin-1 (Sirt1) expression in the fetal liver. In vitro, dexamethasone increased intracellular and supernatant TCH levels and miR-133a-3p expression, decreased SIRT1 expression, and promoted HMGCR histone acetylation and expression in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) hepatoid differentiated cells and HepG2 cell line. GR siRNA, miR-133a-3p inhibitor or SIRT1 overexpression reversed dexamethasone-induced downstream molecular and phenotypic changes. Furthermore, elevated TCH levels in umbilical cord blood and increased HMGCR expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were observed in human female neonates who had received dexamethasone treatment during pregnancy. In conclusion, PDE can cause persistent enhancement of hepatic cholesterol synthesis function before and after birth through GR/miR-133a-3p/Sirt1 pathway, eventually leading to increased hypercholesterolemia susceptibility in female offspring rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wen Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ze Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Dingmei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu L, Li B, Li Q, Han H, Zhou S, Wu Z, Gao H, Zhu J, Gu H, Chen L, Wang H. Transforming growth factor-β receptor 1: An intervention target for genetic poor cartilage quality induced by prenatal dexamethasone exposure. J Adv Res 2022; 47:123-135. [PMID: 35953031 PMCID: PMC10173161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fetal-originated osteoarthritis is relative to poor cartilage quality and may exhibit transgenerational genetic effects. Previous findings revealed prenatal dexamethasone exposure (PDE) induced poor cartilage quality in offspring. OBJECTIVES This study focused on further exploring molecular mechanism, heritability, and early intervention of fetal-originated osteoarthritis. METHODS Pregnant rats (F0) were segregated into control and PDE groups depending upon whether dexamethasone was administered on gestational days (GDs) 9-20. Some female offspring were bred with healthy males during postnatal week (PW) 8 to attain the F2 and F3 generations. The F3-generation rats were administrated with glucosamine intragastrically at PW12 for 6 weeks. The knee cartilages of male and female rats at different time points were harvested to assay their morphologies and functions. Furthermore, primary chondrocytes from the F3-generation rats were isolated to confirm the mechanism and intervention target of glucosamine. RESULTS Compared with the control, female and male rats in each generation of PDE group showed thinner cartilage thicknesses; shallower and uneven staining; fewer chondrocytes; higher Osteoarthritis Research Society International scores; and lower mRNA and protein expression of SP1, TGFβR1, Smad2, SOX9, ACAN and COL2A1. After F3-generation rats were treated with glucosamine, all of the above changes could be reversed. In primary chondrocytes isolated from the F3-generation rats of PDE group, glucosamine promoted SP1 expression and binding to TGFβR1 promoter to increase the expression of TGFβR1, p-Smad2, SOX9, ACAN and COL2A1, but these were prevented by SB431542 (a potent and selective inhibitor of TGFβR1). CONCLUSIONS PDE induced chondrodysplasia in offspring and stably inherited in F3-generation rats, which was related to decreased expression of SP1/TGFβR1/Smad2/SOX9 pathway to reduce the cartilage matrix synthesis, without major sex-based variations. Glucosamine could alleviate the poor genetic cartilage quality in offspring induced by PDE by up-regulating SP1/TGFβR1 signaling, which was prevented by a TGFβR1 inhibitor. This study elucidated the molecular mechanism and therapeutic target (TGFβR1) of genetic chondrodysplasia caused by PDE, which provides a research basis for precisely treating fetal-originated osteoarthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qingxian Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hui Han
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Siqi Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhixin Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jiayong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hanwen Gu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Liaobin Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Morton JS, Patton B, Morse CJ, El Karsh Z, Rodrigues LA, Mousseau DD, Ferguson DP, Columbus DA, Weber LP, Olver TD. Altered cerebrovascular regulation in low birthweight swine. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 267:111163. [PMID: 35151870 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Full-term low birthweight (LBW) offspring exhibit peripheral vascular dysfunction in the postnatal period; however, whether such impairments extend to the cerebrovasculature remains to be elucidated. We used a swine model to test the hypothesis that LBW offspring would exhibit cerebrovascular dysfunction at later stages of life. Offspring from 14 sows were identified as normal birthweight (NBW) or LBW and were assessed at 28 (similar to end of infancy) and 56 (similar to childhood) days of age. LBW swine had lower absolute brain mass, but demonstrated evidence of brain sparing (increased brain mass scaled to body mass) at 56 days of age. The cerebral pulsatility index, based on transcranial Doppler, was increased in LBW swine. Moreover, arterial myography of isolated cerebral arteries revealed impaired vasoreactivity to bradykinin and reduced contribution of nitric oxide (NO) to vasorelaxation in the LBW swine. Immunoblotting demonstrated a lower ratio of phosphorylated-to-total endothelial NO synthase in LBW offspring. This impairment in NO signaling was greater at 28 vs. 56 days of age. Vasomotor responses to sodium nitroprusside (NO-donor) were unaltered, while Leu31, Pro34 neuropeptide Y-induced vasoconstriction was enhanced in LBW swine. Increases in total Y1 receptor protein content in the LBW group were not significant. In summary, LBW offspring displayed signs of cerebrovascular dysfunction at 28 and 56 days of age, evidenced by altered cerebral hemodynamics (reflective of increased impedance) coupled with endothelial dysfunction and altered vasomotor control. Overall, the data reveal that normal variance in birthweight of full-term offspring can influence cerebrovascular function later in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jude S Morton
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Breanna Patton
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Cameron J Morse
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Zeyad El Karsh
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Lucas A Rodrigues
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Prairie Swine Center, Inc., Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Darrell D Mousseau
- Cell Signalling Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - David P Ferguson
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Daniel A Columbus
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Prairie Swine Center, Inc., Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Lynn P Weber
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - T Dylan Olver
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hansell JA, Richter HG, Camm EJ, Herrera EA, Blanco CE, Villamor E, Patey OV, Lock MC, Trafford AW, Galli GLJ, Giussani DA. Maternal melatonin: Effective intervention against developmental programming of cardiovascular dysfunction in adult offspring of complicated pregnancy. J Pineal Res 2022; 72:e12766. [PMID: 34634151 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Adopting an integrative approach, by combining studies of cardiovascular function with those at cellular and molecular levels, this study investigated whether maternal treatment with melatonin protects against programmed cardiovascular dysfunction in the offspring using an established rodent model of hypoxic pregnancy. Wistar rats were divided into normoxic (N) or hypoxic (H, 10% O2 ) pregnancy ± melatonin (M) treatment (5 μg·ml-1 .day-1 ) in the maternal drinking water. Hypoxia ± melatonin treatment was from day 15-20 of gestation (term is ca. 22 days). To control for possible effects of maternal hypoxia-induced reductions in maternal food intake, additional dams underwent pregnancy under normoxic conditions but were pair-fed (PF) to the daily amount consumed by hypoxic dams from day 15 of gestation. In one cohort of animals from each experimental group (N, NM, H, HM, PF, PFM), measurements were made at the end of gestation. In another, following delivery of the offspring, investigations were made at adulthood. In both fetal and adult offspring, fixed aorta and hearts were studied stereologically and frozen hearts were processed for molecular studies. In adult offspring, mesenteric vessels were isolated and vascular reactivity determined by in-vitro wire myography. Melatonin treatment during normoxic, hypoxic or pair-fed pregnancy elevated circulating plasma melatonin in the pregnant dam and fetus. Relative to normoxic pregnancy, hypoxic pregnancy increased fetal haematocrit, promoted asymmetric fetal growth restriction and resulted in accelerated postnatal catch-up growth. Whilst fetal offspring of hypoxic pregnancy showed aortic wall thickening, adult offspring of hypoxic pregnancy showed dilated cardiomyopathy. Similarly, whilst cardiac protein expression of eNOS was downregulated in the fetal heart, eNOS protein expression was elevated in the heart of adult offspring of hypoxic pregnancy. Adult offspring of hypoxic pregnancy further showed enhanced mesenteric vasoconstrictor reactivity to phenylephrine and the thromboxane mimetic U46619. The effects of hypoxic pregnancy on cardiovascular remodelling and function in the fetal and adult offspring were independent of hypoxia-induced reductions in maternal food intake. Conversely, the effects of hypoxic pregnancy on fetal and postanal growth were similar in pair-fed pregnancies. Whilst maternal treatment of normoxic or pair-fed pregnancies with melatonin on the offspring cardiovascular system was unremarkable, treatment of hypoxic pregnancies with melatonin in doses lower than those recommended for overcoming jet lag in humans enhanced fetal cardiac eNOS expression and prevented all alterations in cardiovascular structure and function in fetal and adult offspring. Therefore, the data support that melatonin is a potential therapeutic target for clinical intervention against developmental origins of cardiovascular dysfunction in pregnancy complicated by chronic fetal hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Hansell
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hans G Richter
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Emily J Camm
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emilio A Herrera
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos E Blanco
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eduardo Villamor
- Department of Pediatrics, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Olga V Patey
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mitchell C Lock
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew W Trafford
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gina L J Galli
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Dino A Giussani
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge BHF Centre for Research Excellence, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Strategic Research Initiative in Reproduction, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cutfield W, Ayyavoo A. The Auxological and Metabolic Consequences for Children Born Small for Gestational Age. Indian J Pediatr 2021; 88:1235-1240. [PMID: 34405367 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-021-03897-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
'Small for gestational age' (SGA) is an auxological and not an etiological definition that characterizes children born small based upon low-birth-weight and/or birth-length criteria [≥ 2 standard deviations (SD) below the mean for gestational age]. Most SGA children exhibit catch-up growth into the normal range within 6 mo of age. Overall SGA children are 4 cm shorter than expected based upon midparental height and being born SGA is a common cause of adult short stature. Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) has been shown to improve adult height by 0.9 SDs and is a safe treatment. Surprisingly, a higher rhGH dose (67 μgm/kg/d) did not lead to a greater adult height than a conventional dose (33 μgm/kg/d). At least 85% of SGA children treated through childhood with rhGH achieve a height within the normal adult range. Other long-term consequences for children born SGA include insulin resistance, abdominal adiposity, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. Cross-sectional studies have found reduced insulin sensitivity in the neonatal, childhood, and young adult periods. Increased abdominal fat has been shown in preschool SGA children and is more evident in young adults. Increased adiposity markedly accentuates reduction in insulin sensitivity. Many SGA children have suffered from in utero nutritional restriction that leads to long-term growth restriction and adverse metabolic sequelae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Cutfield
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ahila Ayyavoo
- Department of Pediatrics, G. Kuppuswamy Naidu Memorial Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641037, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Colicino E, Ferrari F, Cowell W, Niedzwiecki MM, Foppa Pedretti N, Joshi A, Wright RO, Wright RJ. Non-linear and non-additive associations between the pregnancy metabolome and birthweight. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 156:106750. [PMID: 34256302 PMCID: PMC9244839 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Birthweight is an indicator of fetal growth and environmental-related alterations of birthweight have been linked with multiple disorders and conditions progressing into adulthood. Although a few studies have assessed the association between birthweight and the totality of exogenous exposures and their downstream molecular responses in maternal urine and cord blood; no prior research has considered a) the maternal serum prenatal metabolome, which is enriched for hormones, and b) non-linear and synergistic associations among exposures. METHODS We measured the maternal serum metabolome during pregnancy using an untargeted metabolomics approach and birthweight for gestational age (BWGA) z-score in 410 mother-child dyads enrolled in the PRogramming of Intergenerational Stress Mechanisms (PRISM) cohort. We leveraged a Bayesian factor analysis for interaction to select the most important metabolites associated with BWGA z-score and to evaluate their linear, non-linear and non-additive associations. We also assessed the primary biological functions of the identified proteins using the MetaboAnalyst, a centralized repository of curated functional information. We compared our findings with those of a traditional metabolite-wide association study (MWAS) in which metabolites are individually associated with BWGA z-score. RESULTS Among 1110 metabolites, 46 showed evidence of U-shape associations with BWGA z-score. Most of the identified metabolites (85%) were lipids primarily enriched for pathways central to energy production, immune function, and androgen and estrogen metabolism, which are essential for pregnancy and parturition processes. Metabolites within the same class, i.e. steroids and phospholipids, showed synergistic relationships with each other. CONCLUSIONS Our results support that the aspects of the maternal metabolome during pregnancy contribute linearly, non-linearly and synergistically to variation in newborn birthweight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Colicino
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - F Ferrari
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - W Cowell
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - M M Niedzwiecki
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - N Foppa Pedretti
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Joshi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - R O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Kravis Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - R J Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Kravis Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Heart disease remains one of the greatest killers. In addition to genetics and traditional lifestyle risk factors, we now understand that adverse conditions during pregnancy can also increase susceptibility to cardiovascular disease in the offspring. Therefore, the mechanisms by which this occurs and possible preventative therapies are of significant contemporary interest to the cardiovascular community. A common suboptimal pregnancy condition is a sustained reduction in fetal oxygenation. Chronic fetal hypoxia results from any pregnancy with increased placental vascular resistance, such as in preeclampsia, placental infection, or maternal obesity. Chronic fetal hypoxia may also arise during pregnancy at high altitude or because of maternal respiratory disease. This article reviews the short- and long-term effects of hypoxia on the fetal cardiovascular system, and the importance of chronic fetal hypoxia in triggering a developmental origin of future heart disease in the adult progeny. The work summarizes evidence derived from human studies as well as from rodent, avian, and ovine models. There is a focus on the discovery of the molecular link between prenatal hypoxia, oxidative stress, and increased cardiovascular risk in adult offspring. Discussion of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant therapy offers potential targets for clinical intervention in human pregnancy complicated by chronic fetal hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dino A Giussani
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience; The Barcroft Centre; Cambridge Cardiovascular British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence; and Cambridge Strategic Research Initiative in Reproduction, University of Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kurabayashi T, Mizunuma H, Kubota T, Nagai K, Hayashi K. Low Birth Weight and Prematurity Are Associated with Hypertensive Disorder of Pregnancy in Later Life: A Cross-Sectional Study in Japan. Am J Perinatol 2021; 38:1096-1102. [PMID: 32120423 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1705134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We previously reported that hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HDP) was a risk factor for hypertension and hypercholesterolemia in later life. Additionally, the age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) of HDP was 2.72 for Japanese women whose mothers had a history of HDP versus those whose mothers did not. This study aimed to clarify the association of HDP with birth weight and gestational age. STUDY DESIGN A self-administered baseline survey of the Japanese Nurses' Health Study (JNHS) cohort was conducted from 2001 to 2007. Data on 17,278 parous female nurses who knew their own birth weights were extracted from the JNHS baseline survey (n = 49,927) and subjected to cross-sectional, retrospective analysis. Data on weeks of gestation, birth weight, and history of HDP were collected. RESULTS The age-adjusted ORs for HDP were 1.62 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20-2.19) for birth weight <2,000 g, 1.24 (CI: 1.04-1.48) for 2,000 to 2,499 g, 1.11 (CI: 1.00-1.23) for 2,500 to 2,999 g, and 1.08 (CI: 0.94-1.24) for ≥3,500 g compared with 3,000 to 3,499 g. The age-adjusted ORs for HDP were 1.27 (95% CI: 1.04-1.54) for a gestational age < 37 weeks and 0.93 (0.70-1.23) for ≥42 weeks compared with 37-41 weeks. The age-adjusted OR of the birth weight score for HDP in later life was 0.98 (CI: 0.94-1.03; Cochran-Armitage trend test: z = 0.401, p = 0.688). CONCLUSION Among women in Japan, a history of low birth weight and prematurity are risk factors for HDP in later life. The risk of HDP among women born with low birth weight and/or premature deserves attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kurabayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata City General Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hideki Mizunuma
- Fukushima Medical Center for Children and Women, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | - Kazue Nagai
- Unit of Community Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Hayashi
- Unit of Community Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nordman H, Jääskeläinen J, Voutilainen R. Birth Size as a Determinant of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children. Horm Res Paediatr 2021; 93:144-153. [PMID: 32846418 DOI: 10.1159/000509932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between birth size and cardiometabolic disease risk may be U-shaped. Being born small for gestational age (SGA) has a definitive association with later cardiovascular risk, but the impact of being born large for gestational age (LGA) on cardiometabolic health is more controversial. In addition to birth size, early postnatal growth pattern and later weight gain affect cardiometabolic risk in adulthood. Most SGA-born children have catch-up and LGA-born children have catch-down growth during the first years of life. The extent of this early compensatory growth may contribute to the adverse health outcomes. Both SGA- and LGA-born children are at an increased risk for overweight and obesity. This may have a long-term impact on cardiometabolic health as overweight tends to track to adulthood. Other cardiometabolic risk factors, including alterations in glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and low-grade inflammation are associated with birth weight. Many of these risk factors are related to overweight or adverse fat distribution. Since later cardiometabolic risk is often mediated by early growth pattern and later overweight in SGA and LGA children, it is important to focus on staying normal weight throughout life. Hence, effective interventions to reduce cardiometabolic risk in LGA and SGA children should be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrikki Nordman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland,
| | - Jarmo Jääskeläinen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Raimo Voutilainen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rahman M, Uddin H, Lata LN, Uddin J. Associations of forms of intimate partner violence with low birth weight in India: findings from a population-based Survey. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 35:7972-7979. [PMID: 34182867 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.1940129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies report a significant association between a lifetime measure of intimate partner violence (IPV) and low birth weight (LBW) in low-income and economically developed countries. However, it remains relatively unclear how different forms of IPV affect LBW in low-income countries. This study examines the associations of various forms of IPV with two measures of birth outcomes - LBW and birth weight in India. METHODS This study used the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) 2015-2016 data of India. The analysis included 11,423 women aged 15-49 years. Using both logistic and linear regression analyses, we assessed the associations of various forms of IPV with binary and continuous measures of birth weight. The analysis controlled for several potential covariates. RESULTS In fully-adjusted regression models, women who experienced any IPV, compared to those who had not experienced any IPV, were 1.19 times (95% CI: 1.02-1.37) as likely to give birth to an LBW baby. Compared to those who had not experienced any physical violence (PV), women who experienced any PV were 1.16 times (95% CI: 1.00-1.35) as likely to have an LBW baby. Moreover, compared to those who had not experienced any emotional violence (EV), women who experienced any EV were 1.29 times (95% CI: 1.06-1.56) as likely to have LBW babies. Linear regression analysis found that any IPV exposure was associated with a significant decrease in birth weight in the fully-adjusted model (b = -32.39; 95% CI: -63.39 to -1.73). Further, experience of any PV (b = -28.40; 95% CI: -60.13 to 3.36) and any EV (b = -51.69; 95% CI: -93.97 to -9.42) appear to be negatively associated with a continuous measure of birth weight. CONCLUSION Findings have implications for public health policies and interventions that protect women from exposure to intimate partner violence for ensuring better maternal health and birth outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Helal Uddin
- Department of Sociology, East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Lutfun Nahar Lata
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jalal Uddin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Thayer JF, Carnevali L, Sgoifo A, Williams DP. Angry in America: Psychophysiological Responses to Unfair Treatment. Ann Behav Med 2021; 54:924-931. [DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaaa094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
African Americans have the highest rates of hypertension-related disease of any ethnic group in the USA. Importantly, racism and discrimination have been linked to these higher rates of morbidity and mortality. Discrimination is deleterious not only to those that are the recipients of this unfair treatment but also to the partners and family members of those affected as well to those that perpetrate this bias.
Purpose
In this paper, we identify a unique pattern of physiological response to unfair treatment, we have called the “cardiovascular conundrum.” This pattern is characterized by greater heart rate variability and greater total peripheral resistance in African Americans compared to their European American counterparts.
Methods and Results
We review the evidence supporting the existence of this pattern and propose several physiological and psychological factors that might underpin it. We also propose a number of factors that might help to mitigate the deleterious effects associated with it.
Conclusions
Whereas the context of the current review is on Black/White disparities the framework we propose may be relevant to others exposed to unfair treatment. Ultimately, the systemic factors that perpetuate these inequalities will require that we first acknowledge and then face the challenges they present if we are to address the wealth and health disparities in our country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian F Thayer
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Luca Carnevali
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Sgoifo
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Italy
| | - DeWayne P Williams
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
S Machado IB, Tofanelli MR, Saldanha da Silva AA, Simões E Silva AC. Factors Associated with Primary Hypertension in Pediatric Patients: An Up-to-Date. Curr Pediatr Rev 2021; 17:15-37. [PMID: 33430749 DOI: 10.2174/1573396317999210111200222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arterial hypertension in children is considered a common alteration nowadays, mainly because obesity is a growing worldwide problem closely related to increased blood pressure. Childhood hypertension can be classified as primary or secondary, depending on the etiology. Primary or essential hypertension still has its pathophysiology not fully elucidated, and there is no consensus in the literature on most underlying mechanisms. In this review, genetic and environmental factors, including sodium and potassium intake, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, family structure, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, prematurity and low birth weight, prenatal and postnatal exposures are highlighted. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to perform an update on primary hypertension in childhood, providing clinicians and researchers an overview of the current state of the literature regarding the influence of genetic and environmental factors. METHODS This integrative review searched for articles on genetic and environmental factors related to primary hypertension in pediatric patients. The databases evaluated were PubMed and Scopus. RESULTS The studies have provided insights regarding many genetic and environmental factors, in addition to their association with the pathophysiology of primary hypertension in childhood. Findings corroborated the idea that primary hypertension is a multifactorial disease. Further studies in the pediatric population are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. CONCLUSION The study of primary hypertension in pediatrics has utmost importance for the adoption of preventive measures and the development of more efficient treatments, therefore reducing childhood morbidity and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and other health consequences later in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Barreto S Machado
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Matheus Rampinelli Tofanelli
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ariadna A Saldanha da Silva
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Simões E Silva
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Christian LM, Koenig J, Williams DP, Kapuku G, Thayer JF. Impaired vasodilation in pregnant African Americans: Preliminary evidence of potential antecedents and consequences. Psychophysiology 2020; 58:e13699. [PMID: 33040402 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Significant health disparities exist between African Americans (AA) and European Americans (EA) in hypertension and hypertension-related disorders. Evidence suggests that this is due to impaired vasodilation in AAs. Pregnancy is a potent systemic vasodilatory state. However, differences in vasodilation between AAs and EAs have not been investigated in pregnancy. We sought to examine the effects of pregnancy on vasodilation in AA and EA women and how this might be related to discrimination and low birth weight in their offspring. Hemodynamics [blood pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), total peripheral resistance (TPR)] and heart rate variability (HF-HRV) were examined at baseline in 40 pregnant AAs (n = 20) and EAs (n = 20) and matched nonpregnant women (n = 40). The Experiences of Discrimination scale and birth weight were also measured in the offspring of the pregnant participants. Whereas pregnancy was associated with decreased MAP independent of race, AAs showed impaired vasodilation independent of pregnancy status as indicated by greater TPR despite greater HF-HRV. In AAs, but not EAs, reports of fewer incidences of discrimination were associated with greater TPR. Finally, the HF-HRV of EA mothers was inversely related to the birth weight of their offspring but was uncorrelated in AAs. We report novel evidence of impaired vasodilation to an endogenous vasodilatory stimulus in AAs. Higher TPR was related to discrimination in AAs and higher HF-HRV was related to low birth weight in EAs. These findings have implications for understanding the intergenerational transmission of impaired vasodilation in AAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Christian
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,The Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Julian Koenig
- Section for Experimental Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - DeWayne P Williams
- Department of Psychological Science, The University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Gaston Kapuku
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Julian F Thayer
- Department of Psychological Science, The University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Harris SL, Bray H, Troughton R, Elliott J, Frampton C, Horwood J, Darlow BA. Cardiovascular Outcomes in Young Adulthood in a Population-Based Very Low Birth Weight Cohort. J Pediatr 2020; 225:74-79.e3. [PMID: 32553866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess differences in left heart structure and function, and endothelial function in a national cohort of very low birth weight (VLBW) young adults and term-born controls. STUDY DESIGN The New Zealand VLBW study is a prospective, population-based, longitudinal cohort study which included all infants born <1500 g in 1986. The VLBW cohort (n = 229; 71% of survivors) and term-born controls (n = 100), were assessed at age 26-30 years. Measures of left heart structure and function were evaluated by echocardiography, vascular function was assessed using blood pressure, reactive hyperemia index, and arterioventricular coupling by calculating left ventricular (LV) and arterial elastance. RESULTS Compared with controls, those born VLBW had smaller LVs, even when indexed for body surface area (mean LV mass, 89.7 ± 19.3 g/m2 vs 95.0 ± 22.3 g/m2 [P = .03]; LV end-diastolic volume, 58.3 ± 10.9 mL/m2 vs 62.4 ± 12.4 mL/m2 [P = .002]; and LV end-systolic volume, 20.8 ± 4.9 mL/m2 vs 22.6 ± 5.8 mL/m2 [P = .004]). VLBW participants had lower stroke volume (median, 37.2 mL/m2 [IQR, 33-42 mL/m2] vs median, 40.1 mL/m2 [IQR, 34-45 mL/m2]; P = .0059) and cardiac output (mean, 4.8 ± 1.2 L/min vs 5.1 ± 1.4 L/min; P = .03), but there was no difference in ejection fraction. The VLBW group had higher LV elastance (3.37 ± 0.88 mm Hg/mL vs 2.86 ± 0.75 mm Hg/mL; P < .0001) and arterial elastance (1.84 ± 0.4 vs 1.6 ± 0.4; P < .0001) and lower reactive hyperemia index (0.605 ± 0.28 vs 0.688 ± 0.31; P = .041). These measures were influenced by birth weight and sex, but we found limited associations with other perinatal factors. CONCLUSIONS Being born preterm and VLBW is associated with differences in cardiovascular structure and function in adulthood. This population may be more vulnerable to cardiovascular pathology as they age. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12612000995875.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Harris
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Helen Bray
- Christchurch Women's Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Richard Troughton
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand; Department of Cardiology, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - John Elliott
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand; Department of Cardiology, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Chris Frampton
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - John Horwood
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Brian A Darlow
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Botting KJ, Skeffington KL, Niu Y, Allison BJ, Brain KL, Itani N, Beck C, Logan A, Murray AJ, Murphy MP, Giussani DA. Translatable mitochondria-targeted protection against programmed cardiovascular dysfunction. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb1929. [PMID: 32875110 PMCID: PMC7438086 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb1929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The prenatal origins of heart disease in offspring have been established. However, research in species with developmental milestones comparable to humans is lacking, preventing translation of this knowledge to clinical contexts. Using sheep and chickens, two species with similar cardiovascular developmental milestones to humans, we combined in vivo experiments with in vitro studies at organ, cellular, mitochondrial, and molecular levels. We tested mitochondria-targeted antioxidant intervention with MitoQ against cardiovascular dysfunction programmed by developmental hypoxia, a common complication in human pregnancy. Experiments in sheep determined in vivo fetal and adult cardiovascular function through surgical techniques not possible in humans, while those in chicken embryos isolated effects independent of maternal or placental influences. We show that hypoxia generates mitochondria-derived oxidative stress during cardiovascular development, programming endothelial dysfunction and hypertension in adult offspring. MitoQ treatment during hypoxic development protects against this cardiovascular risk via enhanced nitric oxide signaling, offering a plausible intervention strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. J. Botting
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
- Cambridge Cardiovascular Strategic Research Initiative, Cambridge, UK
- Barcroft Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - K. L. Skeffington
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
- Barcroft Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Y. Niu
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
- Cambridge Cardiovascular Strategic Research Initiative, Cambridge, UK
- Barcroft Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - B. J. Allison
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
- Barcroft Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - K. L. Brain
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
- Barcroft Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - N. Itani
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
- Barcroft Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - C. Beck
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
- Barcroft Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A. Logan
- MRC-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - A. J. Murray
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - M. P. Murphy
- MRC-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - D. A. Giussani
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
- Cambridge Cardiovascular Strategic Research Initiative, Cambridge, UK
- Barcroft Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Strategic Research Initiative in Reproduction, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Agarwal P, Anand M, Chakraborty P, Singh L, Masih J, Taneja A. Placental levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their association with birth weight of infants. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:868-877. [PMID: 32597233 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1783285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
As an alarming group of pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) gather much public health concern not only because of their carcinogenic or co-carcinogenic risk but also by interfering with hormone systems or by causing oxidative damage, henceforth liable to toxic actions on reproduction. Accordingly, the present study was aimed to explore the association between in-utero exposure to PAHs by evaluating their placental levels and infant birth weight among 110 healthy and nonsmoking pregnant women. Placental tissue samples were collected instantly after delivery and were analyzed for the presence of sixteen Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) listed PAHs with the help of Gas chromatography equipped with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Chrysene and benzo(k)fluoranthene were the predominant PAHs detected in tissue samples. To assess the source of origin of PAHs in placenta tissue samples, the ratio of low molecular weight PAHs to high molecular weight (∑LMW/∑HMW PAHs) was calculated, showing the predominance of pyrogenic sources of PAHs possibly responsible for the exposure of the studied population. Results of regression analysis demonstrated the inverse although not significant association of naphthalene (Nap), acenaphthylene (Acy), anthracene (Anth), pyrene (Pyr), benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF), benzo(k)Fluoranthene (BkF), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), indeno (123 cd pyrene (IcdP), dibenzo(ah)anthracene (DahA) and benzo(ghi)Perylene (BghiP) with birth weight of neonates. Additionally, the regression model lay light upon the significant association of fluoranthene (Fla) (coefficient= -1.41 gram, p < 0.05) to the depletion trend of birth weight after adjusting for potential covariates. These findings suggest the possible role of an environmental contaminants like PAHs on impairment of fetal growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University, Agra, India
| | - Madhu Anand
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University, Agra, India
| | - Paromita Chakraborty
- Department of Civil Engineering, SRM Research Institute, SRM University, Kancheepuram, India
| | - Laxmi Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University, Agra, India
| | - Jamson Masih
- Department of Chemistry, Wilson College, Mumbai, India
| | - Ajay Taneja
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University, Agra, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li L, Hu W, Liu K, Zhang D, Liu M, Li X, Wang H. miR-148a/LDLR mediates hypercholesterolemia induced by prenatal dexamethasone exposure in male offspring rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 395:114979. [PMID: 32234517 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.114979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiology suggests that adverse environmental exposure during pregnancy may predispose children to hypercholesterolemia in adulthood. This study aimed to demonstrate hypercholesterolemia induced by prenatal dexamethasone exposure (PDE) in adult male offspring rats and explore the intrauterine programming mechanisms. Pregnant Wistar rats were injected subcutaneously with dexamethasone (0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/kg∙d) from gestational days (GD) 9 to 21, and the serum and liver of the male offsprings were collected at GD21, postnatal week (PW) 12 and 28. Furthermore, the effects of dexamethasone on the expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and its epigenetic mechanism was confirmed in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) hepatoid differentiated cells and continuous hepatocyte line. PDE could reduce the birth weight of male offsprings, increase the serum total cholesterol (TCH) level in adult rats, and decrease the liver low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) expression. Serum TCH level and liver LDLR expression were decreased in PDE male fetuses in utero (GD21). Moreover, PDE increased the translocation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the fetal liver, the expression of DiGeorge syndrome critical region 8 gene (DGCR8), the pre- and post-natal expression of miR-148a. The results of PDE offspring in vivo and in vitro exhibited similar changes. These changes could be reversed by overexpressing LDLR, inhibiting miR-148a or GR. PDE caused hypercholesterolemia in male adult offspring rats, which was mediated via dexamethasone activated intrauterine hepatic GR, enhanced the expression of DGCR8 and miR-148a, thereby reducing the expression of LDLR, leading to impaired liver cholesterol reverse transport function, and finally causing hypercholesterolemia in adult rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wen Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Dingmei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xufeng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Insights into sympathetic nervous system and GPCR interplay in fetal programming of hypertension: a bridge for new pharmacological strategies. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:739-747. [PMID: 32032706 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most common cause of death from noncommunicable diseases worldwide. In addition to the classical CVD risk factors related to lifestyle and/or genetic background, exposure to an adverse intrauterine environment compromises fetal development leading to low birth weight and increasing offspring susceptibility to develop CVDs later in life, particularly hypertension - a process known as fetal programming of hypertension (FPH). In FPH animal models, permanent alterations have been detected in gene expression, in the structure and function of heart and blood vessels, compromising cardiovascular physiology and favoring hypertension development. This review focuses on the role of the sympathetic nervous system and its interplay with G-protein-coupled receptors, emphasizing strategies that envisage the prevention and/or treatment of FPH through interventions in early life.
Collapse
|
27
|
Kim EH, Lee HC, Chung J, Ji SH, Jang YE, Lee JH, Kim JT, Kim HS. Flow-Mediated Dilatation of the Brachial Artery for Assessing Endothelial Dysfunction in Children with Moyamoya Disease. Pediatr Neurosurg 2020; 55:149-154. [PMID: 32781453 DOI: 10.1159/000509406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moyamoya disease is a progressive, steno-occlusive arteriopathy involving the internal carotid artery and its branches and causing recurrent stroke episodes in children. Patients with moyamoya disease may be more susceptible to influences that cause endothelial dysfunction. We evaluated whether flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery is useful for assessing endothelial dysfunction in children with moyamoya disease. METHODS This prospective observational study included 30 children with moyamoya disease and 30 controls. After anesthesia induction, a blood pressure cuff was applied to the forearm and inflated to a pressure that was 50 mm Hg above the baseline systolic blood pressure for 5 min. From 30 s before to 2 min after deflation, the brachial artery diameter was recorded on ultrasound. The increase in internal diameter was expressed as the percentage of the baseline diameter. RESULTS Fifty-nine patients were analyzed. Baseline brachial artery diameters in the moyamoya and control groups were 3.00 and 3.37 mm, respectively (p = 0.004; difference, 0.38; 95% CI 0.12-0.63), while those after deflation were 3.06 and 3.48 mm, respectively (p = 0.003; difference, 0.42; 95% CI 0.15-0.68). The percent change of the baseline diameter value was 4.0% in the disease group and 8.3% in the control group (p = 0.10). There was a group and time interaction for brachial artery diameter (p = 0.01; main effect of group, p = 0.009; main effect of time, p = 0.007). CONCLUSION FMD of the brachial artery may not be enough for determining endothelial dysfunction under general anesthesia in children with moyamoya disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hee Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Chul Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyeon Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hwan Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Jang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Tae Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Soo Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kovtun O, Tsyvian P. Developmental origins of accelerated cardiovascular aging. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20202201002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Barker hypothesis of fetal origins of disease, derived from observational epidemiological studies, has been modified by the realization that the early influences on cardiovascular development may be recognized in the fetus. Aging and developmental programming are both associated with oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, suggesting common mechanistic origins. Preeclampsia (PE) is the utmost variant of placental insufficiency and is associated with an increase of serum concentrations of inflammation and antiangiogenic agents in mother and fetus. All these factors are specific for the endothelial dysfunction and able to trigger the epigenetic programming of cardiovascular diseases and accelerated aging. The concentrations of cytokines, tumor necrosis factor, C-reactive protein, NO metabolites, endothelin-1 and homocysteine were measured in serum of women with a normal pregnancy (n=27), PE (n=30) and their newborn infants. The concentrations of all these factors were higher in serum of women and newborns of PE group than in serum of women and newborns of the normal group. The significantly positive correlation between factors concentrations in maternal and newborn’s serum was demonstrated in all groups. We suggest the common source of these agents to be the syncytiotrophoblast cells contacting with both maternal and fetal blood and play a significant role in intrauterine programming and epigenetic triggering of accelerated cardiovascular aging.
Collapse
|
29
|
Liu T, Mukosera GT, Blood AB. The role of gasotransmitters in neonatal physiology. Nitric Oxide 2019; 95:29-44. [PMID: 31870965 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gasotransmitters, nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and carbon monoxide (CO), are endogenously-produced volatile molecules that perform signaling functions throughout the body. In biological tissues, these small, lipid-permeable molecules exist in free gaseous form for only seconds or less, and thus they are ideal for paracrine signaling that can be controlled rapidly by changes in their rates of production or consumption. In addition, tissue concentrations of the gasotransmitters are influenced by fluctuations in the level of O2 and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The normal transition from fetus to newborn involves a several-fold increase in tissue O2 tensions and ROS, and requires rapid morphological and functional adaptations to the extrauterine environment. This review summarizes the role of gasotransmitters as it pertains to newborn physiology. Particular focus is given to the vasculature, ventilatory, and gastrointestinal systems, each of which uniquely illustrate the function of gasotransmitters in the birth transition and newborn periods. Moreover, given the relative lack of studies on the role that gasotransmitters play in the newborn, particularly that of H2S and CO, important gaps in knowledge are highlighted throughout the review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taiming Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - George T Mukosera
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Arlin B Blood
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA; Lawrence D. Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Castagno M, Menegon V, Monzani A, Zanetta S, Secco GG, Rosso R, Binotti M, Maiuri L, Di Mario C, Gazzolo D, Ferrero F, Genoni G. Small-for-gestational-age birth is linked to cardiovascular dysfunction in early childhood. Am Heart J 2019; 217:84-93. [PMID: 31520898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess clinical and echographic markers of cardiovascular dysfunction in infants born small for gestational age (SGA) compared to a control group of subjects born adequate for gestational age (AGA). METHODS This was a single-center cross-sectional case-control study. We recruited 20 SGA and 20 gestational age-matched AGA subjects at 24 months of age. The study population underwent anthropometric and Doppler 2-dimensional echocardiographic assessments, and carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) and endothelium-dependent vasodilation evaluation (FMD). The pressure-volume curve during diastole was calculated using the algorithm for the elastance calculation on 1 single beat. RESULTS SGA children showed lower stroke volume, lower left ventricle (LV) dimensions and volume, and greater LV thickness. Diastolic function was impaired in SGA with lower capacitance and higher elastance. Birth weight standard deviation score was positively associated with capacitance and negatively associated with E/E' ratio and elastance, and in SGA infants, the end-diastolic pressure-related volume curve was shifted to the left compared to AGA. cIMT and systemic vascular resistance were significantly higher, while FMD was lower, in SGA compared to AGA; birth weight standard deviation score was directly correlated with FMD and inversely correlated with cIMT. Finally, a longer breastfeeding duration was associated to a lower cIMT even after correction for confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that infants born SGA present an early and subtle cardiovascular dysfunction compared to AGA controls. These alterations are strongly related to weight at birth. Finally, breastfeeding exerts an important protective and beneficial cardiovascular effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Castagno
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Veronica Menegon
- Vascular Surgery, Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Alice Monzani
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Sara Zanetta
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Gioel Gabrio Secco
- Interventional Cardiology, Santi Antonio, Biagio e Cesare Arrigo Hospital, Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Roberta Rosso
- Coronary Care Unit and Catheterization laboratory, Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Marco Binotti
- Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Luigi Maiuri
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Carlo Di Mario
- Structural Interventional Cardiology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Diego Gazzolo
- Department of Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Cesare Arrigo Children's Hospital, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Federica Ferrero
- Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Genoni
- Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Novara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Meister TA, Rimoldi SF, Soria R, von Arx R, Messerli FH, Sartori C, Scherrer U, Rexhaj E. Association of Assisted Reproductive Technologies With Arterial Hypertension During Adolescence. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 72:1267-1274. [PMID: 30190005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have been shown to induce premature vascular aging in apparently healthy children. In mice, ART-induced premature vascular aging evolves into arterial hypertension. Given the young age of the human ART group, long-term sequelae of ART-induced alterations of the cardiovascular phenotype are unknown. OBJECTIVES This study hypothesized that vascular alterations persist in adolescents and young adults conceived by ART and that arterial hypertension possibly represents the first detectable clinically relevant endpoint in this group. METHODS Five years after the initial assessment, the study investigators reassessed vascular function and performed 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring (ABPM) in 54 young, apparently healthy participants conceived through ART and 43 age- and sex-matched controls. RESULTS Premature vascular aging persisted in ART-conceived subjects, as evidenced by a roughly 25% impairment of flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery (p < 0.001) and increased pulse-wave velocity and carotid intima-media thickness. Most importantly, ABPM values (systolic BP, 119.8 ± 9.1 mm Hg vs. 115.7 ± 7.0 mm Hg, p = 0.03; diastolic BP, 71.4 ± 6.1 mm Hg vs. 69.1 ± 4.2 mm Hg, p = 0.02 ART vs. control) and BP variability were markedly higher in ART-conceived subjects than in control subjects. Eight of the 52 ART participants, but only 1 of the 43 control participants (p = 0.041 ART vs. controls) fulfilled ABPM criteria of arterial hypertension (>130/80 mm Hg and/or >95th percentile). CONCLUSIONS ART-induced premature vascular aging persists in apparently healthy adolescents and young adults without any other detectable classical cardiovascular risk factors and progresses to arterial hypertension. (Vascular Dysfunction in Offspring of Assisted Reproduction Technologies; NCT00837642.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Théo A Meister
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital and Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefano F Rimoldi
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital and Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rodrigo Soria
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital and Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert von Arx
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital and Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Franz H Messerli
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital and Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Sartori
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Urs Scherrer
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital and Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Emrush Rexhaj
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital and Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Badran M, Yassin BA, Lin DTS, Kobor MS, Ayas N, Laher I. Gestational intermittent hypoxia induces endothelial dysfunction, reduces perivascular adiponectin and causes epigenetic changes in adult male offspring. J Physiol 2019; 597:5349-5364. [PMID: 31441069 DOI: 10.1113/jp277936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is characterized by intermittent hypoxia, which causes oxidative stress and inflammation and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. OSA during pregnancy causes adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. The effects of pre-existing OSA in pregnant women on cardiometabolic outcomes in the offspring are unknown. We evaluated basic metabolic parameters, as well as aortic vascular and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) function in response to adiponectin, and examined DNA methylation of adiponectin gene promoter in PVAT in 16-week-old adult offspring exposed to gestational intermittent hypoxia (GIH). GIH decreased body weights at week 1 in both male and female offspring, and caused subsequent increases in body weight and food consumption in male offspring only. Adult female offspring had normal levels of lipids, glucose and insulin, with no endothelial dysfunction. Adult male offspring exhibited dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance and hyperleptinaemia. Decreased endothelial-dependent vasodilatation, loss of anti-contractile activity of PVAT and low circulating PVAT adiponectin levels, as well as increased pro-inflammatory gene expression and DNA methylation of adiponectin gene promoter, occurred in adult male offspring. Our results suggest that male offspring of women with OSA could be at risk of developing cardiometabolic disease during adulthood. ABSTRACT Perturbations during pregnancy can program the offspring to develop cardiometabolic diseases later in life. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a chronic condition that frequently affects pregnancies and leads to adverse fetal outcomes. We assessed the offspring of female mice experiencing gestational intermittent hypoxia (GIH), a hallmark of OSA, for changes in metabolic profiles, aortic nitric oxide (NO)-dependent relaxations, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) anti-contractile activities and the responses to adiponectin, and DNA methylation of the adiponectin gene promoter in PVAT tissue. Pregnant mouse dams were exposed to intermittent hypoxic cycles ( F I O 2 21-12%) for 18 days. GIH resulted in lower body weights of pups at week 1, followed by significant weight gain by week 16 of age in male but not female offspring. Plasma lipids, leptin and insulin resistance were higher in GIH male adult offspring. Endothelium-dependent relaxation in response to ACh and the anti-contractile activity of PVAT in the abdominal aorta was reduced in GIH adult male offspring. Incubation of arteries from GIH adult male offspring with adiponectin restored the anti-contractile activity of PVAT. Both circulating and PVAT tissue homogenate levels of adiponectin, as well as gene expression of adiponectin in PVAT, were lower in GIH male offspring, along with an increased gene expression of inflammatory cytokines. Pyrosequencing of adiponectin gene promoter in PVAT showed increased DNA methylation in GIH male offspring. Our results indicate that GIH leads to vascular disease in adult male offspring through PVAT dysfunction, which was associated with low adiponectin levels and epigenetic modifications on the adiponectin gene promoter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Badran
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bisher Abu Yassin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David Tse Shen Lin
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael S Kobor
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Najib Ayas
- Divisions of Critical Care and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Sleep Disorders Program, UBC Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Division of Critical Care Medicine, Providence Healthcare, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ada F, Polat V. Repair of a true extracranial internal carotid artery aneurysm with transposition surgery in a pediatric patient: A rare case. Vascular 2019; 27:475-478. [PMID: 31296146 DOI: 10.1177/1708538119862926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Atherosclerosis is the most common etiologic factor for extracranial carotid artery aneurysm in adults, while in childhood, connective tissue diseases, peritonsillar abscess and infections are the most common. Congenital carotid artery aneurysms are rarely reported in the literature. Methods We present a 10-year-old girl with congenital extracranial left internal carotid artery aneurysm and the treatment management. Results Computed tomography angiography at six months showed that internal carotid artery segments were normal. There was no obstruction or aneurysm recurrence. Conclusions Although extracranial carotid artery aneurysms are rare, they can cause complications such as rupture and thromboembolism with high mortality and morbidity. Therefore, the treatment of extracranial carotid artery aneurysms is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Ada
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Vural Polat
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Li S, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Wu Y, He H, Gong L, Zeng F, Shi L. Exercise during pregnancy enhances vascular function via epigenetic repression of Ca V1.2 channel in offspring of hypertensive rats. Life Sci 2019; 231:116576. [PMID: 31211998 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Studies suggest that cardiovascular function in offspring can be epigenetically programmed by environmental changes during pregnancy. CaV1.2 channel plays a major role in the regulation of the vascular tone. This study investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of exercise during pregnancy on CaV1.2 channel functional remodeling in hypertensive offspring. MAIN METHODS Exercise groups were subjected to swimming at the first day of pregnancy and on a regular schedule thereafter for 3 weeks. Their offspring (6-month-old, male) were tested for baseline blood pressure, cardiovascular response, and vascular tone of the mesenteric artery. Mesenteric artery smooth muscle cells were taken to study the whole-cell current of the CaV1.2 channel. Western blotting, RT-PCR and DNA bisulfite sequencing PCR were performed to study the protein, mRNA expression and DNA methylation of the CaV1.2 channel α1C subunit. KEY FINDINGS Exercise during pregnancy reduced the pressor response to norepinephrine and Bay K8644, and the depressor response to nifedipine in offspring of hypertensive rats. The level of the CaV1.2 channel in norepinephrine-induced vasoconstrictions decreased, and the whole-cell current of the CaV1.2 channel declined in the SHR-EX group. Further studies found that exercise during pregnancy reduced the protein and mRNA expression of the CaV1.2 channel α1C subunit and upregulated DNA methylation of the Cacna1c gene promoter region in the hypertensive offspring. SIGNIFICANCE These data suggest that exercise during pregnancy improves vascular functional remodeling in offspring of hypertensive rats, downregulating the CaV1.2 channel function and protein expression, a change that is most likely caused by DNA methylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huirong Zhang
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hui He
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lijing Gong
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fanxing Zeng
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lijun Shi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bavineni M, Wassenaar TM, Agnihotri K, Ussery DW, Lüscher TF, Mehta JL. Mechanisms linking preterm birth to onset of cardiovascular disease later in adulthood. Eur Heart J 2019; 40:1107-1112. [PMID: 30753448 PMCID: PMC6451766 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) rates in adulthood are high in premature infants; unfortunately, the underlying mechanisms are not well defined. In this review, we discuss potential pathways that could lead to CVD in premature babies. Studies show intense oxidant stress and inflammation at tissue levels in these neonates. Alterations in lipid profile, foetal epigenomics, and gut microbiota in these infants may also underlie the development of CVD. Recently, probiotic bacteria, such as the mucin-degrading bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila have been shown to reduce inflammation and prevent heart disease in animal models. All this information might enable scientists and clinicians to target pathways to act early to curtail the adverse effects of prematurity on the cardiovascular system. This could lead to primary and secondary prevention of CVD and improve survival among preterm neonates later in adult life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Bavineni
- Division of Hospital Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Trudy M Wassenaar
- Molecular Microbiology and Genomics Consultants, Tannenstrasse 7, Zotzenheim D-55576, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Arkansas Center for Genomic Epidemiology & Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Kanishk Agnihotri
- Division of Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - David W Ussery
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Arkansas Center for Genomic Epidemiology & Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, London, UK
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 4th Floor, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Jawahar L Mehta
- Division of Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Oh JH, Hong YM. Blood Pressure Trajectories from Childhood to Adolescence in Pediatric Hypertension. Korean Circ J 2019; 49:223-237. [PMID: 30808073 PMCID: PMC6393321 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2018.0448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been known for a long time that elevated blood pressure (BP) in the young may persist and progress into adult hypertension (HTN). Multiple studies have revealed the predicted BP trajectory lines starting from childhood and related them to later cardiovascular (CV) risks in adulthood. As a small baby grows into a tall adult, BP will also naturally increase. Among early-life predictors of adult HTN, birth history, such as prematurity, and low birth weight have been popular subjects in research on pediatric HTN, because body size at birth has been reported to be inversely related to the risk of adulthood HTN. The hypothesis of HTN in prematurely born adolescents has been postulated as a physiological predisposition to postnatal excessive weight gain. Current body weight is a well-known independent predictor of HTN in children, and some studies showed that children demonstrating upward crossing of their weight percentiles while growing into adolescents have significantly increased risk for elevated BP later in life. Recently, reports focused on the adverse effect of excessive catch-up growth in this population are gradually drawing attention. Accordingly, children born prematurely or with intrauterine growth restriction who show rapid changes in their weight percentile should be under surveillance with BP monitoring. Prevention of childhood obesity, along with special care for premature infants or infants small for their gestational age, by providing healthy nutritional guidelines should be cardinal strategies for the prevention of adult HTN and CV risks later in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, St.Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Mi Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans University Hospital College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Brain KL, Allison BJ, Niu Y, Cross CM, Itani N, Kane AD, Herrera EA, Skeffington KL, Botting KJ, Giussani DA. Intervention against hypertension in the next generation programmed by developmental hypoxia. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e2006552. [PMID: 30668572 PMCID: PMC6342530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2006552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence derived from human clinical studies and experimental animal models shows a causal relationship between adverse pregnancy and increased cardiovascular disease in the adult offspring. However, translational studies isolating mechanisms to design intervention are lacking. Sheep and humans share similar precocial developmental milestones in cardiovascular anatomy and physiology. We tested the hypothesis in sheep that maternal treatment with antioxidants protects against fetal growth restriction and programmed hypertension in adulthood in gestation complicated by chronic fetal hypoxia, the most common adverse consequence in human pregnancy. Using bespoke isobaric chambers, chronically catheterized sheep carrying singletons underwent normoxia or hypoxia (10% oxygen [O2]) ± vitamin C treatment (maternal 200 mg.kg-1 IV daily) for the last third of gestation. In one cohort, the maternal arterial blood gas status, the value at which 50% of the maternal hemoglobin is saturated with oxygen (P50), nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, oxidative stress, and antioxidant capacity were determined. In another, naturally delivered offspring were raised under normoxia until early adulthood (9 months). Lambs were chronically instrumented and cardiovascular function tested in vivo. Following euthanasia, femoral arterial segments were isolated and endothelial function determined by wire myography. Hypoxic pregnancy induced fetal growth restriction and fetal oxidative stress. At adulthood, it programmed hypertension by enhancing vasoconstrictor reactivity and impairing NO-independent endothelial function. Maternal vitamin C in hypoxic pregnancy improved transplacental oxygenation and enhanced fetal antioxidant capacity while increasing NO bioavailability, offsetting constrictor hyper-reactivity and replenishing endothelial function in the adult offspring. These discoveries provide novel insight into mechanisms and interventions against fetal growth restriction and adult-onset programmed hypertension in an animal model of complicated pregnancy in a species of similar temporal developmental milestones to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty L. Brain
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Beth J. Allison
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Youguo Niu
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Cardiovascular Strategic Research Initiative, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christine M. Cross
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nozomi Itani
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Kane
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emilio A. Herrera
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Katie L. Skeffington
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kimberley J. Botting
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Cardiovascular Strategic Research Initiative, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dino A. Giussani
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Cardiovascular Strategic Research Initiative, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kuo AH, Li C, Huber HF, Clarke GD, Nathanielsz PW. Intrauterine growth restriction results in persistent vascular mismatch in adulthood. J Physiol 2018; 596:5777-5790. [PMID: 29098705 PMCID: PMC6265527 DOI: 10.1113/jp275139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) increases offspring risk of chronic diseases later in life, including cardiovascular dysfunction. Our prior studies suggest biventricular cardiac dysfunction and vascular impairment in baboons who were IUGR at birth because of moderate maternal nutrient reduction. The current study reveals changes in artery sizes, distensibility, and blood flow pattern in young adult IUGR baboons, which may contribute to cardiac stress. The pattern of abnormality observed suggests that vascular redistribution seen with IUGR in fetal life may continue into adulthood. ABSTRACT Maternal nutrient reduction induces intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), increasing risks of chronic diseases later in life, including cardiovascular dysfunction. Using ultrasound, we determined regional blood flow, blood vessel sizes, and distensibility in IUGR baboons (8 males, 8 females, 8.8 years, similar to 35 human years) and controls (12 males, 12 females, 9.5 years). The measured blood vessels were larger in size in the males compared to females before but not after normalization to body surface area. Smaller IUGR normalized blood vessel sizes were observed in the femoral and external iliac arteries but not the brachial or common carotid arteries and not correlated significantly with birth weight. Mild decrease in distensibility in the IUGR group was seen in the iliac but not the carotid arteries without between-sex differences. In IUGR baboons there was increased carotid arterial blood flow velocity during late systole and diastole. Overall, our findings support the conclusion that region specific vascular and haemodynamic changes occur with IUGR, which may contribute to the occurrence of later life cardiac dysfunction. The pattern of alteration observed suggests vascular redistribution efforts in response to challenges in the perinatal period may persist into adulthood. Further studies are needed to determine the life course progression of these changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anderson H. Kuo
- Department of Radiology and Research Imaging InstituteUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Cun Li
- Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of WyomingLaramieWYUSA
- Southwest National Primate Research CenterSan AntonioTXUSA
| | | | - Geoffrey D. Clarke
- Department of Radiology and Research Imaging InstituteUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
- Southwest National Primate Research CenterSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Peter W. Nathanielsz
- Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of WyomingLaramieWYUSA
- Southwest National Primate Research CenterSan AntonioTXUSA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Christie MJ, Romano T, Murphy RM, Posterino GS. The effect of intrauterine growth restriction on Ca 2+ -activated force and contractile protein expression in the mesenteric artery of adult (6-month-old) male and female Wistar-Kyoto rats. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13954. [PMID: 30592188 PMCID: PMC6308111 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is known to alter vascular smooth muscle reactivity, but it is currently unknown whether these changes are driven by downstream events that lead to force development, specifically, Ca2+ -regulated activation of the contractile apparatus or a shift in contractile protein content. This study investigated the effects of IUGR on Ca2+ -activated force production, contractile protein expression, and a potential phenotypic switch in the resistance mesenteric artery of both male and female Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats following two different growth restriction models. Pregnant female WKY rats were randomly assigned to either a control (C; N = 9) or food restriction diet (FR; 40% of control; N = 11) at gestational day-15 or underwent a bilateral uterine vessel ligation surgery restriction (SR; N = 10) or a sham surgery control model (SC; N = 12) on day-18 of gestation. At 6-months of age, vascular responsiveness of intact mesenteric arteries was studied, before chemically permeabilization using 50 μmol/L β-escin to investigate Ca2+ -activated force. Peak responsiveness to a K+ -induced depolarization was decreased (P ≤ 0.05) due to a reduction in maximum Ca2+ -activated force (P ≤ 0.05) in both male growth restricted experimental groups. Vascular responsiveness was unchanged between female experimental groups. Segments of mesenteric artery were analyzed using Western blotting revealed IUGR reduced the relative abundance of important receptor and contractile proteins in male growth restricted rats (P ≤ 0.05), suggesting a potential phenotypic switch, whilst no changes were observed in females. Results from this study suggest that IUGR alters the mesenteric artery reactivity due to a decrease in maximum Ca2+ -activated force, and likely contributed to by a reduction in contractile protein and receptor/channel content in 6-month-old male rats, while female WKY rats appear to be protected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Christie
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and MicrobiologyLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Tania Romano
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and MicrobiologyLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Robyn M. Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and GeneticsLa Trobe Institute for Molecular SciencesLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Giuseppe S. Posterino
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and MicrobiologyLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Deciphering the Role of the Non-Coding Genome in Regulating Gene-Diet Interactions. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121831. [PMID: 30486341 PMCID: PMC6316136 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein encoding genes constitute a small fraction of mammalian genomes. In addition to the protein coding genes, there are other functional units within the genome that are transcribed, but not translated into protein, the so called non-coding RNAs. There are many types of non-coding RNAs that have been identified and shown to have important roles in regulating gene expression either at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level. A number of recent studies have highlighted that dietary manipulation in mammals can influence the expression or function of a number of classes of non-coding RNAs that contribute to the protein translation machinery. The identification of protein translation as a common target for nutritional regulation underscores the need to investigate how this may mechanistically contribute to phenotypes and diseases that are modified by nutritional intervention. Finally, we describe the state of the art and the application of emerging ‘-omics’ technologies to address the regulation of protein translation in response to diet.
Collapse
|
41
|
Ratnasiri AWG, Parry SS, Arief VN, DeLacy IH, Halliday LA, DiLibero RJ, Basford KE. Recent trends, risk factors, and disparities in low birth weight in California, 2005-2014: a retrospective study. Matern Health Neonatol Perinatol 2018; 4:15. [PMID: 30094052 PMCID: PMC6081945 DOI: 10.1186/s40748-018-0084-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low birth weight (LBW) is a leading risk factor for infant morbidity and mortality in the United States. There are large disparities in the prevalence of LBW by race and ethnicity, especially between African American and White women. Despite extensive research, the practice of clinical and public health, and policies devoted to reducing the number of LBW infants, the prevalence of LBW has remained unacceptably and consistently high. There have been few detailed studies identifying the factors associated with LBW in California, which is home to a highly diverse population. The aim of this study is to investigate recent trends in the prevalence of LBW infants (measured as a percentage) and to identify risk factors and disparities associated with LBW in California. METHODS A retrospective cohort study included data on 5,267,519 births recorded in the California Birth Statistical Master Files for the period 2005-2014. These data included maternal characteristics, health behaviors, information on health insurance, prenatal care use, and parity. Logistic regression models identified significant risk factors associated with LBW. Using gestational age based on obstetric estimates (OA), small for gestational age (SGA), appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) infants were identified for the periods 2007-2014. RESULTS The number of LBW infants declined, from 37,603 in 2005 to 33,447 in 2014. However, the prevalence of LBW did not change significantly (6.9% in 2005 to 6.7% in 2014). The mean maternal age at first delivery increased from 25.7 years in 2005 to 27.2 years in 2014. The adjusted odds ratio showed that women aged 40 to 54 years were twice as likely to have an LBW infant as women in the 20 to 24 age group. African American women had a persistent 2.4-fold greater prevalence of having an LBW infant compared with white women. Maternal age was a significant risk factor for LBW regardless of maternal race and ethnicity or education level. During the period 2017-2014, 5.4% of the singleton births at 23-41 weeks based on OE of gestational age were SGA infants (preterm SGA + term SGA). While all the preterm SGA infants were LBW, both preterm AGA and term SGA infants had a higher prevalence of LBW. CONCLUSIONS In California, during the 10 years from 2005 to 2014, there was no significant decline in the prevalence of LBW. However, maternal age was a significant risk factor for LBW regardless of maternal race and ethnicity or education level. Therefore, there may be opportunities to reduce the prevalence of LBW by reducing disparities and improving birth outcomes for women of advanced maternal age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anura W. G. Ratnasiri
- Department of Health Care Services, Benefits Division, 1501 Capitol Ave, Suite 71.4104, MS 4600, P.O. Box 997417, Sacramento, CA 95899-7417 USA
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072 Australia
| | - Steven S. Parry
- Department of Health Care Services, Benefits Division, 1501 Capitol Ave, Suite 71.4104, MS 4600, P.O. Box 997417, Sacramento, CA 95899-7417 USA
| | - Vivi N. Arief
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072 Australia
| | - Ian H. DeLacy
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072 Australia
| | - Laura A. Halliday
- Department of Health Care Services, Clinical Assurance and Administrative Support Division, 1501 Capitol Ave, Sacramento, CA 95899-7417 USA
| | - Ralph J. DiLibero
- Department of Health Care Services, Benefits Division, 1501 Capitol Ave, Suite 71.4104, MS 4600, P.O. Box 997417, Sacramento, CA 95899-7417 USA
| | - Kaye E. Basford
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072 Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Afolabi OA, Alagbonsi AI, Oyinloye RT, Salahdeen HM, Salman TM, Olatunji LA. High-fat diet reduces weight gain but increases other cardio-metabolic indices in offspring of normotensive and hypertensive rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2018; 124:218-225. [PMID: 28952789 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1383441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of post-natal consumption of high-fat diet (HFD) on cardio-metabolic indices in male offspring of hypertensive female rats. There were neither significant differences in body weight gain either in pups from normotensive or hypertensive dams that received normal diet during the post-weaning periods (except at 7th and 9th weeks), nor in both pup groups that received HFD. However, both pup groups that received HFD had reduced body weight gain when compared to their counterparts that received normal diet. Post-weaning administration of HFD to pups of hypertensive and normotensive dams significantly increased their blood glucose, pressure and lipid profiles when compared to those weaned to normal diet. It was concluded that male offspring consumption of HFD diet elicits cardio-metabolic disturbance that slightly depended of maternal cardiovascular status but majorly depended on post-weaning weight gain, while that elicited by maternal hypertension is not related to post-weaning weight gain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oladele Ayobami Afolabi
- a Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences , Ladoke Akintola University of Technology , Ogbosomo , Oyo , Nigeria
| | - Abdullateef Isiaka Alagbonsi
- b Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , University of Gitwe , Gitwe , Republic of Rwanda
| | - Roseline Toyosi Oyinloye
- a Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences , Ladoke Akintola University of Technology , Ogbosomo , Oyo , Nigeria
| | | | - Toyin Mohammed Salman
- d Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences , University of Ilorin , Ilorin , Kwara , Nigeria
| | - Lawrence Aderemi Olatunji
- d Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences , University of Ilorin , Ilorin , Kwara , Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Aljunaidy MM, Morton JS, Kirschenman R, Phillips T, Case CP, Cooke CLM, Davidge ST. Maternal treatment with a placental-targeted antioxidant (MitoQ) impacts offspring cardiovascular function in a rat model of prenatal hypoxia. Pharmacol Res 2018; 134:332-342. [PMID: 29778808 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction, a common consequence of prenatal hypoxia, is a leading cause of fetal morbidity and mortality with a significant impact on population health. Hypoxia may increase placental oxidative stress and lead to an abnormal release of placental-derived factors, which are emerging as potential contributors to developmental programming. Nanoparticle-linked drugs are emerging as a novel method to deliver therapeutics targeted to the placenta and avoid risking direct exposure to the fetus. We hypothesize that placental treatment with antioxidant MitoQ loaded onto nanoparticles (nMitoQ) will prevent the development of cardiovascular disease in offspring exposed to prenatal hypoxia. Pregnant rats were intravenously injected with saline or nMitoQ (125 μM) on gestational day (GD) 15 and exposed to either normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (11% O2) from GD15-21 (term: 22 days). In one set of animals, rats were euthanized on GD 21 to assess fetal body weight, placental weight and placental oxidative stress. In another set of animals, dams were allowed to give birth under normal atmospheric conditions (term: GD 22) and male and female offspring were assessed at 7 and 13 months of age for in vivo cardiac function (echocardiography) and vascular function (wire myography, mesenteric artery). Hypoxia increased oxidative stress in placentas of male and female fetuses, which was prevented by nMitoQ. 7-month-old male and female offspring exposed to prenatal hypoxia demonstrated cardiac diastolic dysfunction, of which nMitoQ improved only in 7-month-old female offspring. Vascular sensitivity to methacholine was reduced in 13-month-old female offspring exposed to prenatal hypoxia, while nMitoQ treatment improved vasorelaxation in both control and hypoxia exposed female offspring. Male 13-month-old offspring exposed to hypoxia showed an age-related decrease in vascular sensitivity to phenylephrine, which was prevented by nMitoQ. In summary, placental-targeted MitoQ treatment in utero has beneficial sex- and age-dependent effects on adult offspring cardiovascular function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mais M Aljunaidy
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute and the Cardiovascular Research Centre, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Jude S Morton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute and the Cardiovascular Research Centre, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Raven Kirschenman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute and the Cardiovascular Research Centre, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Tom Phillips
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - C Patrick Case
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Christy-Lynn M Cooke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute and the Cardiovascular Research Centre, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Sandra T Davidge
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute and the Cardiovascular Research Centre, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mitchell T, MacDonald JW, Srinouanpranchanh S, Bammler TK, Merillat S, Boldenow E, Coleman M, Agnew K, Baldessari A, Stencel-Baerenwald JE, Tisoncik-Go J, Green RR, Gale MJ, Rajagopal L, Adams Waldorf KM. Evidence of cardiac involvement in the fetal inflammatory response syndrome: disruption of gene networks programming cardiac development in nonhuman primates. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 218:438.e1-438.e16. [PMID: 29475580 PMCID: PMC6070341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most early preterm births are associated with intraamniotic infection and inflammation, which can lead to systemic inflammation in the fetus. The fetal inflammatory response syndrome describes elevations in the fetal interleukin-6 level, which is a marker for inflammation and fetal organ injury. An understanding of the effects of inflammation on fetal cardiac development may lead to insight into the fetal origins of adult cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether the fetal inflammatory response syndrome is associated with disruptions in gene networks that program fetal cardiac development. STUDY DESIGN We obtained fetal cardiac tissue after necropsy from a well-described pregnant nonhuman primate model (pigtail macaque, Macaca nemestrina) of intrauterine infection (n=5) and controls (n=5). Cases with the fetal inflammatory response syndrome (fetal plasma interleukin-6 >11 pg/mL) were induced by either choriodecidual inoculation of a hypervirulent group B streptococcus strain (n=4) or intraamniotic inoculation of Escherichia coli (n=1). RNA and protein were extracted from fetal hearts and profiled by microarray and Luminex (Millipore, Billerica, MA) for cytokine analysis, respectively. Results were validated by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Statistical and bioinformatics analyses included single gene analysis, gene set analysis, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (Qiagen, Valencia, CA), and Wilcoxon rank sum. RESULTS Severe fetal inflammation developed in the context of intraamniotic infection and a disseminated bacterial infection in the fetus. Interleukin-6 and -8 in fetal cardiac tissues were elevated significantly in fetal inflammatory response syndrome cases vs controls (P<.05). A total of 609 probe sets were expressed differentially (>1.5-fold change, P<.05) in the fetal heart (analysis of variance). Altered expression of select genes was validated by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction that included several with known functions in cardiac injury, morphogenesis, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling (eg, angiotensin I converting enzyme 2, STEAP family member 4, natriuretic peptide A, and secreted frizzled-related protein 4; all P<.05). Multiple gene sets and pathways that are involved in cardiac morphogenesis and vasculogenesis were downregulated significantly by gene set and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (hallmark transforming growth factor beta signaling, cellular morphogenesis during differentiation, morphology of cardiovascular system; all P<.05). CONCLUSION Disruption of gene networks for cardiac morphogenesis and vasculogenesis occurred in the preterm fetal heart of nonhuman primates with preterm labor, intraamniotic infection, and severe fetal inflammation. Inflammatory injury to the fetal heart in utero may contribute to the development of heart disease later in life. Development of preterm labor therapeutics must also target fetal inflammation to lessen organ injury and potential long-term effects on cardiac function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Mitchell
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - James W MacDonald
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Theodor K Bammler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Sean Merillat
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Erica Boldenow
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Kathy Agnew
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Audrey Baldessari
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jennifer E Stencel-Baerenwald
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jennifer Tisoncik-Go
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Richard R Green
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Michael J Gale
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Lakshmi Rajagopal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Kristina M Adams Waldorf
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Metrustry SJ, Karhunen V, Edwards MH, Menni C, Geisendorfer T, Huber A, Reichel C, Dennison EM, Cooper C, Spector T, Jarvelin MR, Valdes AM. Metabolomic signatures of low birthweight: Pathways to insulin resistance and oxidative stress. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194316. [PMID: 29566009 PMCID: PMC5863971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies suggest that low birthweight resulting from restricted intrauterine growth can leave a metabolic footprint which may persist into adulthood. To investigate this, we performed metabolomic profiling on 5036 female twins, aged 18-80, with weight at birth information available from the TwinsUK cohort and performed independent replication in two additional cohorts. Out of 422 compounds tested, 25 metabolites associated with birthweight in these twins, replicated in 1951 men and women from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study (HCS, aged 66) and in 2391 men and women from the North Finland Birth 1986 cohort (NFBC, aged 16). We found distinct heterogeneity between sexes and, after adjusting for multiple tests and heterogeneity, two metabolites were reproducible overall (propionylcarnitine and 3-4-hydroxyphenyllactate). Testing women only, we found other metabolites associated with lower birthweight from the meta-analysis of the three cohorts (2-hydroxy-butyric acid and γ-glutamylleucine). Higher levels of all these metabolites can be linked to insulin resistance, oxidative stress or a dysfunction of energy metabolism, suggesting that low birthweight in both twins and singletons are having an impact on these pathways in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jane Metrustry
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ville Karhunen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Oulu University Hospital, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mark H Edwards
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anja Huber
- Seibersdorf Labor GmbH, Seibersdorf, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Elaine M Dennison
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom.,NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,NIHR Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Oulu University Hospital, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ana M Valdes
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Nakagawa Y, Nakanishi T, Satake E, Matsushita R, Saegusa H, Kubota A, Natsume H, Shibata Y, Fujisawa Y. Postnatal BMI changes in children with different birthweights: A trial study for detecting early predictive factors for pediatric obesity. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2018; 27:19-29. [PMID: 29403153 PMCID: PMC5792818 DOI: 10.1297/cpe.27.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to clarify the degree of early postnatal growth by birthweight and detect early predictive factors for pediatric obesity. Body mass index (BMI) and degree of obesity were examined in children in the fourth year of elementary school and second year of junior high school. Their BMI at birth and three years of age were also examined. Based on birthweight, participants were divided into three groups: low (< 2500 g), middle (2500-3500 g), and high (> 3500 g). Furthermore, according to the degree of obesity, they were divided into two groups: obese (20% ≤) and non-obese (20% >). The change of BMI from birth to three years of age (ΔBMI) showed a strong inverse relationship with birthweight and was significantly different among the three birthweight groups (low > middle > high). The ΔBMI and BMI at three years of age were higher in obese than in non-obese children and showed significant positive correlations with the degree of obesity. Early postnatal growth might be determined by birthweight and was higher in obese than in non-obese children. The ΔBMI from birth to three years of age and BMI at age of three years could be predictive factors for pediatric obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Nakagawa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Shiraume Toyooka Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nakanishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Satake
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Rie Matsushita
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Kikugawa General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Saegusa
- Department of Pediatrics, Enshu General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Kubota
- Department of Pediatrics, Chutoen General Medical Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiromune Natsume
- Department of Pediatrics, Kosai General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yukinobu Shibata
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu Red Cross Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuko Fujisawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Martens DS, Nawrot TS. Air Pollution Stress and the Aging Phenotype: The Telomere Connection. Curr Environ Health Rep 2018; 3:258-69. [PMID: 27357566 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-016-0098-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex physiological phenomenon. The question why some subjects grow old while remaining free from disease whereas others prematurely die remains largely unanswered. We focus here on the role of air pollution in biological aging. Hallmarks of aging can be grouped into three main categories: genomic instability, telomere attrition, and epigenetic alterations leading to altered mitochondrial function and cellular senescence. At birth, the initial telomere length of a person is largely determined by environmental factors. Telomere length shortens with each cell division and exposure to air pollution as well as low residential greens space exposure is associated with shorter telomere length. Recent studies show that the estimated effects of particulate air pollution exposure on the telomere mitochondrial axis of aging may play an important role in chronic health effects of air pollution. The exposome encompasses all exposures over an entire life. As telomeres can be considered as the cellular memories of exposure to oxidative stress and inflammation, telomere maintenance may be a proxy for assessing the "exposome". If telomeres are causally related to the aging phenotype and environmental air pollution is an important determinant of telomere length, this might provide new avenues for future preventive strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dries S Martens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium. .,Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Leuven University, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Itani N, Salinas CE, Villena M, Skeffington KL, Beck C, Villamor E, Blanco CE, Giussani DA. The highs and lows of programmed cardiovascular disease by developmental hypoxia: studies in the chicken embryo. J Physiol 2017; 596:2991-3006. [PMID: 28983923 DOI: 10.1113/jp274111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now established that adverse conditions during pregnancy can trigger a fetal origin of cardiovascular dysfunction and/or increase the risk of heart disease in later life. Suboptimal environmental conditions during early life that may promote the development of cardiovascular dysfunction in the offspring include alterations in fetal oxygenation and nutrition as well as fetal exposure to stress hormones, such as glucocorticoids. There has been growing interest in identifying the partial contributions of each of these stressors to programming of cardiovascular dysfunction. However, in humans and in many animal models this is difficult, as the challenges cannot be disentangled. By using the chicken embryo as an animal model, science has been able to circumvent a number of problems. In contrast to mammals, in the chicken embryo the effects on the developing cardiovascular system of changes in oxygenation, nutrition or stress hormones can be isolated and determined directly, independent of changes in the maternal or placental physiology. In this review, we summarise studies that have exploited the chicken embryo model to determine the effects on prenatal growth, cardiovascular development and pituitary-adrenal function of isolated chronic developmental hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Itani
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK.,Cambridge Cardiovascular Strategic Research Initiative, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - C E Salinas
- Instituto Boliviano de Biología de Altura, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - M Villena
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - K L Skeffington
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - C Beck
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - E Villamor
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Universiteitssingel 40, 6229, ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C E Blanco
- Department of Neonatology, The National Maternity Hospital, Holles Street, Dublin, D02 YH21, Ireland
| | - D A Giussani
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK.,Cambridge Cardiovascular Strategic Research Initiative, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Aortic stiffness and blood pressure variability in young people: a multimodality investigation of central and peripheral vasculature. J Hypertens 2017; 35:513-522. [PMID: 27846043 PMCID: PMC5278891 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Increased blood pressure (BP) variability is a cardiovascular risk marker for young individuals and may relate to the ability of their aorta to buffer cardiac output. We used a multimodality approach to determine relations between central and peripheral arterial stiffness and BP variability. Methods: We studied 152 adults (mean age of 31 years) who had BP variability measures based on SD of awake ambulatory BPs, 24-h weighted SD and average real variability (ARV). Global and regional aortic distensibility was measured by cardiovascular magnetic resonance, arterial stiffness by cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) by SphygmoCor (carotid–femoral) and Vicorder (brachial–femoral). Results: In young people, free from overt cardiovascular disease, all indices of SBP and DBP variability correlated with aortic distensibility (global aortic distensibility versus awake SBP SD: r = −0.39, P < 0.001; SBP ARV: r = −0.34, P < 0.001; weighted 24-h SBP SD: r = −0.42, P < 0.001). CAVI, which closely associated with aortic distensibility, also related to DBP variability, as well as awake SBP SD (r = 0.19, P < 0.05) and weighted 24-h SBP SD (r = 0.24, P < 0.01), with a trend for SBP ARV (r = 0.17, P = 0.06). In contrast, associations with PWV were only between carotid–femoral PWV and weighted SD of SBP (r = 0.20, P = 0.03) as well as weighted and ARV of DBP. Conclusion: Greater BP variability in young people relates to increases in central aortic stiffness, strategies to measure and protect aortic function from a young age may be important to reduce cardiovascular risk.
Collapse
|
50
|
Endothelial dysfunction in individuals born after fetal growth restriction: cardiovascular and renal consequences and preventive approaches. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2017; 8:448-464. [PMID: 28460648 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174417000265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Individuals born after intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) have an increased risk of perinatal morbidity/mortality, and those who survive face long-term consequences such as cardiovascular-related diseases, including systemic hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease and chronic kidney disease. In addition to the demonstrated long-term effects of decreased nephron endowment and hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, individuals born after IUGR also exhibit early alterations in vascular structure and function, which have been identified as key factors of the development of cardiovascular-related diseases. The endothelium plays a major role in maintaining vascular function and homeostasis. Therefore, it is not surprising that impaired endothelial function can lead to the long-term development of vascular-related diseases. Endothelial dysfunction, particularly impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation and vascular remodeling, involves decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, impaired endothelial NO synthase functionality, increased oxidative stress, endothelial progenitor cells dysfunction and accelerated vascular senescence. Preventive approaches such as breastfeeding, supplementation with folate, vitamins, antioxidants, L-citrulline, L-arginine and treatment with NO modulators represent promising strategies for improving endothelial function, mitigating long-term outcomes and possibly preventing IUGR of vascular origin. Moreover, the identification of early biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction, especially epigenetic biomarkers, could allow early screening and follow-up of individuals at risk of developing cardiovascular and renal diseases, thus contributing to the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies to avert the long-term effects of endothelial dysfunction in infants born after IUGR.
Collapse
|