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Alexander BE, Zhao H, Astrof S. SMAD4: A critical regulator of cardiac neural crest cell fate and vascular smooth muscle development. Dev Dyn 2024; 253:119-143. [PMID: 37650555 PMCID: PMC10842824 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During embryogenesis, cardiac neural crest-derived cells (NCs) migrate into the pharyngeal arches and give rise to the vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) of the pharyngeal arch arteries (PAAs). vSMCs are critical for the remodeling of the PAAs into their final adult configuration, giving rise to the aortic arch and its arteries (AAAs). RESULTS We investigated the role of SMAD4 in NC-to-vSMC differentiation using lineage-specific inducible mouse strains. We found that the expression of SMAD4 in the NC is indelible for regulating the survival of cardiac NCs. Although the ablation of SMAD4 at E9.5 in the NC lineage led to a near-complete absence of NCs in the pharyngeal arches, PAAs became invested with vSMCs derived from a compensatory source. Analysis of AAA development at E16.5 showed that the alternative vSMC source compensated for the lack of NC-derived vSMCs and rescued AAA morphogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our studies uncovered the requisite role of SMAD4 in the contribution of the NC to the pharyngeal arch mesenchyme. We found that in the absence of SMAD4+ NCs, vSMCs around the PAAs arose from a different progenitor source, rescuing AAA morphogenesis. These findings shed light on the remarkable plasticity of developmental mechanisms governing AAA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna E. Alexander
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, 07103
- Multidisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Sciences: Cell Biology, Neuroscience and Physiology Track, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, 07103
| | - Huaning Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, 07103
| | - Sophie Astrof
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, 07103
- Multidisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Sciences: Cell Biology, Neuroscience and Physiology Track, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, 07103
- Multidisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Sciences: Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Cancer Track, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, 07103
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Warkala M, Chen D, Ramirez A, Jubran A, Schonning M, Wang X, Zhao H, Astrof S. Cell-Extracellular Matrix Interactions Play Multiple Essential Roles in Aortic Arch Development. Circ Res 2021; 128:e27-e44. [PMID: 33249995 PMCID: PMC7864893 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.318200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Defects in the morphogenesis of the fourth pharyngeal arch arteries (PAAs) give rise to lethal birth defects. Understanding genes and mechanisms regulating PAA formation will provide important insights into the etiology and treatments for congenital heart disease. OBJECTIVE Cell-ECM (extracellular matrix) interactions play essential roles in the morphogenesis of PAAs and their derivatives, the aortic arch artery and its major branches; however, their specific functions are not well-understood. Previously, we demonstrated that integrin α5β1 and Fn1 (fibronectin) expressed in the Isl1 lineages regulate PAA formation. The objective of the current studies was to investigate cellular mechanisms by which integrin α5β1 and Fn1 regulate aortic arch artery morphogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS Using temporal lineage tracing, whole-mount confocal imaging, and quantitative analysis of the second heart field (SHF) and endothelial cell (EC) dynamics, we show that the majority of PAA EC progenitors arise by E7.5 in the SHF and contribute to pharyngeal arch endothelium between E7.5 and E9.5. Consequently, SHF-derived ECs in the pharyngeal arches form a plexus of small blood vessels, which remodels into the PAAs by 35 somites. The remodeling of the vascular plexus is orchestrated by signals dependent on the pharyngeal ECM microenvironment, extrinsic to the endothelium. Conditional ablation of integrin α5β1 or Fn1 in the Isl1 lineages showed that signaling by the ECM regulates aortic arch artery morphogenesis at multiple steps: (1) accumulation of SHF-derived ECs in the pharyngeal arches, (2) remodeling of the EC plexus in the fourth arches into the PAAs, and (3) differentiation of neural crest-derived cells adjacent to the PAA endothelium into vascular smooth muscle cells. CONCLUSIONS PAA formation is a multistep process entailing dynamic contribution of SHF-derived ECs to pharyngeal arches, the remodeling of endothelial plexus into the PAAs, and the remodeling of the PAAs into the aortic arch artery and its major branches. Cell-ECM interactions regulated by integrin α5β1 and Fn1 play essential roles at each of these developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Warkala
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
- Multidisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Sciences: Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Cancer Track, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Dongying Chen
- Graduate Program in Cell & Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - AnnJosette Ramirez
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
- Multidisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Sciences: Cell Biology, Neuroscience and Physiology Track, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Ali Jubran
- Graduate Program in Cell & Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael Schonning
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
- Multidisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Sciences: Cell Biology, Neuroscience and Physiology Track, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | | | - Huaning Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Sophie Astrof
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
- Multidisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Sciences: Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Cancer Track, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
- Multidisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Sciences: Cell Biology, Neuroscience and Physiology Track, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
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3
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Chang CN, Kioussi C. Location, Location, Location: Signals in Muscle Specification. J Dev Biol 2018; 6:E11. [PMID: 29783715 PMCID: PMC6027348 DOI: 10.3390/jdb6020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscles control body movement and locomotion, posture and body position and soft tissue support. Mesoderm derived cells gives rise to 700 unique muscles in humans as a result of well-orchestrated signaling and transcriptional networks in specific time and space. Although the anatomical structure of skeletal muscles is similar, their functions and locations are specialized. This is the result of specific signaling as the embryo grows and cells migrate to form different structures and organs. As cells progress to their next state, they suppress current sequence specific transcription factors (SSTF) and construct new networks to establish new myogenic features. In this review, we provide an overview of signaling pathways and gene regulatory networks during formation of the craniofacial, cardiac, vascular, trunk, and limb skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ning Chang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
- Molecular Cell Biology Graduate Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Chrissa Kioussi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
- Molecular Cell Biology Graduate Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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4
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Koenig SN, LaHaye S, Feller JD, Rowland P, Hor KN, Trask AJ, Janssen PM, Radtke F, Lilly B, Garg V. Notch1 haploinsufficiency causes ascending aortic aneurysms in mice. JCI Insight 2017; 2:91353. [PMID: 29093270 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.91353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An ascending aortic aneurysm (AscAA) is a life-threatening disease whose molecular basis is poorly understood. Mutations in NOTCH1 have been linked to bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), which is associated with AscAA. Here, we describe a potentially novel role for Notch1 in AscAA. We found that Notch1 haploinsufficiency exacerbated the aneurysmal aortic root dilation seen in the Marfan syndrome mouse model and that heterozygous deletion of Notch1 in the second heart field (SHF) lineage recapitulated this exacerbated phenotype. Additionally, Notch1+/- mice in a predominantly 129S6 background develop aortic root dilation, indicating that loss of Notch1 is sufficient to cause AscAA. RNA sequencing analysis of the Notch1.129S6+/- aortic root demonstrated gene expression changes consistent with AscAA. These findings are the first to our knowledge to demonstrate an SHF lineage-specific role for Notch1 in AscAA and suggest that genes linked to the development of BAV may also contribute to the associated aortopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara N Koenig
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and.,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute
| | - Stephanie LaHaye
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and.,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics
| | - James D Feller
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and.,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Patrick Rowland
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and.,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kan N Hor
- The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Aaron J Trask
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and.,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Paul Ml Janssen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Freddy Radtke
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Brenda Lilly
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and.,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and.,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute.,Department of Molecular Genetics.,Department of Pediatrics, and
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5
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Sawada H, Rateri DL, Moorleghen JJ, Majesky MW, Daugherty A. Smooth Muscle Cells Derived From Second Heart Field and Cardiac Neural Crest Reside in Spatially Distinct Domains in the Media of the Ascending Aorta-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:1722-1726. [PMID: 28663257 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of the proximal thoracic aorta are embryonically derived from the second heart field (SHF) and cardiac neural crest (CNC). However, distributions of these embryonic origins are not fully defined. The regional distribution of SMCs of different origins is speculated to cause region-specific aortopathies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the distribution of SMCs of SHF and CNC origins in the proximal thoracic aorta. APPROACH AND RESULTS Mice with repressed LacZ in the ROSA26 locus were bred to those expressing Cre controlled by either the Wnt1 or Mef2c (myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2c) promoter to trace CNC- and SHF-derived SMCs, respectively. Thoracic aortas were harvested, and activity of β-galactosidase was determined. Aortas from Wnt1-Cre mice had β-galactosidase-positive areas throughout the region from the proximal ascending aorta to just distal of the subclavian arterial branch. Unexpectedly, β-galactosidase-positive areas in Mef2c-Cre mice extended from the aortic root throughout the ascending aorta. This distribution occurred independent of sex and aging. Cross and sagittal aortic sections demonstrated that CNC-derived cells populated the inner medial aspect of the anterior region of the ascending aorta and transmurally in the media of the posterior region. Interestingly, outer medial cells throughout anterior and posterior ascending aortas were derived from the SHF. β-Galactosidase-positive medial cells of both origins colocalized with an SMC marker, α-actin. CONCLUSIONS Both CNC- and SHF-derived SMCs populate the media throughout the ascending aorta. The outer medial cells of the ascending aorta form a sleeve populated by SHF-derived SMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Sawada
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (H.S., D.L.R., J.J.M., A.D.) and Department of Physiology (A.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Washington (M.W.M.); and Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle (M.W.M.)
| | - Debra L Rateri
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (H.S., D.L.R., J.J.M., A.D.) and Department of Physiology (A.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Washington (M.W.M.); and Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle (M.W.M.)
| | - Jessica J Moorleghen
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (H.S., D.L.R., J.J.M., A.D.) and Department of Physiology (A.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Washington (M.W.M.); and Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle (M.W.M.)
| | - Mark W Majesky
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (H.S., D.L.R., J.J.M., A.D.) and Department of Physiology (A.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Washington (M.W.M.); and Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle (M.W.M.)
| | - Alan Daugherty
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (H.S., D.L.R., J.J.M., A.D.) and Department of Physiology (A.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Washington (M.W.M.); and Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle (M.W.M.).
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6
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Bargehr J, Low L, Cheung C, Bernard WG, Iyer D, Bennett MR, Gambardella L, Sinha S. Embryological Origin of Human Smooth Muscle Cells Influences Their Ability to Support Endothelial Network Formation. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:946-59. [PMID: 27194743 PMCID: PMC4922852 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from distinct anatomic locations derive from different embryonic origins. Here we investigated the respective potential of different embryonic origin-specific SMCs derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to support endothelial network formation in vitro. SMCs of three distinct embryological origins were derived from an mStrawberry-expressing hESC line and were cocultured with green fluorescent protein-expressing human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to investigate the effects of distinct SMC subtypes on endothelial network formation. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that lateral mesoderm (LM)-derived SMCs best supported HUVEC network complexity and survival in three-dimensional coculture in Matrigel. The effects of the LM-derived SMCs on HUVECs were at least in part paracrine in nature. A TaqMan array was performed to identify the possible mediators responsible for the differential effects of the SMC lineages, and a microarray was used to determine lineage-specific angiogenesis gene signatures. Midkine (MDK) was identified as one important mediator for the enhanced vasculogenic potency of LM-derived SMCs. The functional effects of MDK on endothelial network formation were then determined by small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown in SMCs, which resulted in impaired network complexity and survival of LM-derived SMC cocultures. The present study is the first to show that SMCs from distinct embryonic origins differ in their ability to support HUVEC network formation. LM-derived SMCs best supported endothelial cell network complexity and survival in vitro, in part through increased expression of MDK. A lineage-specific approach might be beneficial for vascular tissue engineering and therapeutic revascularization. SIGNIFICANCE Mural cells are essential for the stabilization and maturation of new endothelial cell networks. However, relatively little is known of the effect of the developmental origins of mural cells on their signaling to endothelial cells and how this affects vessel development. The present study demonstrated that human smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from distinct embryonic origins differ in their ability to support endothelial network formation. Lateral mesoderm-derived SMCs best support endothelial cell network complexity and survival in vitro, in part through increased expression of midkine. A lineage-specific approach might be beneficial for vascular tissue engineering and therapeutic revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Bargehr
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lucinda Low
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Cheung
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - William G Bernard
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dharini Iyer
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Martin R Bennett
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laure Gambardella
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay Sinha
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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7
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Yao Y, Norris EH, Strickland S. The cellular origin of laminin determines its role in blood pressure regulation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 72:999-1008. [PMID: 25216704 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1732-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Laminin of different cellular sources has distinct functions. In addition to vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), aorta also contains a small population of nestin(+) cells, whose function remains unknown. This study investigates the role of SMC- and nestin(+) cell-derived laminin in blood pressure (BP) regulation and SMC contractibility. Using mice with laminin deficiency in SMCs (SKO) or nestin(+) cells (NKO), we examined laminin-dependent changes in BP. Contractile protein expression was reduced in SKO but not NKO mice, consistent with their, respectively, low and normal baseline BP measurements. At the ultrastructural level, SKO SMCs maintained the contractile phenotype with reduced elasticity, whereas NKO SMCs switched to the synthetic phenotype and showed degeneration. Additionally, angiotensin II (Ang II) significantly increased BP in SKO but not NKO mice. It also enhanced contractile proteins to the same levels and induced SMC degeneration in both knockout mice. These data suggest that SMC laminin regulates BP via modulating contractile protein expression, whereas nestin(+) cell-derived laminin contributes to SMC phenotypic switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, Box 169, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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8
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Udan RS, Culver JC, Dickinson ME. Understanding vascular development. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2012; 2:327-46. [PMID: 23799579 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The vasculature of an organism has the daunting task of connecting all the organ systems to nourish tissue and sustain life. This complex network of vessels and associated cells must maintain blood flow, but constantly adapt to acute and chronic changes within tissues. While the vasculature has been studied for over a century, we are just beginning to understand the processes that regulate its formation and how genetic hierarchies are influenced by mechanical and metabolic cues to refine vessel structure and optimize efficiency. As we gain insights into the developmental mechanisms, it is clear that the processes that regulate blood vessel development can also enable the adult to adapt to changes in tissues that can be elicited by exercise, aging, injury, or pathology. Thus, research in vessel development has provided tremendous insights into therapies for vascular diseases and disorders, cancer interventions, wound repair and tissue engineering, and in turn, these models have clearly impacted our understanding of development. Here we provide an overview of the development of the vascular system, highlighting several areas of active investigation and key questions that remain to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Udan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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9
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Wingard CJ, Godt RE. Cardiac neural crest ablation alters aortic smooth muscle force and voltage-sensitive Ca2+ responses. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2003; 23:293-303. [PMID: 12630703 DOI: 10.1023/a:1022081123578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Ablation of the premigratory cardiac neural crest (CNC) from the chick embryo results in a malformed outflow tract vasculature termed persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA). In addition, loss of the CNC disrupts myocardial excitation-contraction (EC) coupling, decreases intracellular Ca2+ transients, and depresses force generation. We examined if similar defects occurred in the neural crest-derived smooth muscle of the aortic arch in a test of the hypothesis that loss of elements from the CNC disrupts EC coupling and force production in the smooth muscle of the tunica media of the aortic arch. Aortic arch segments from chicks (embryonic day 15) displaying PTA generated approximately 43% of stress generated by the aortic arch from sham-operated control embryos during potassium depolarization. The depressed force response was associated with a twofold lower Fura-2 transient. In contrast, force and steady-state Fura-2 signals during endothelin-1 stimulation were unchanged. The differences seen in stress generation with potassium depolarization between sham and PTA displaying embryos were not seen in the descending aorta, a tissue not derived from the neural crest. Protein content and immunostaining revealed no differences in the content of actin, myosin, or dihydropyridine receptor from sham or PTA aortic arch. Our results suggest that the CNC is required for normal aortic arch smooth muscle function and support the hypothesis that the loss of CNC impacts the force generating ability, in part by disruption of the EC-coupling processes and altering Ca(2+)-handling.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/abnormalities
- Aorta, Thoracic/cytology
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiopathology
- Calcium Channels/drug effects
- Calcium Channels/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling/drug effects
- Calcium Signaling/physiology
- Cell Membrane/drug effects
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Chick Embryo
- Endothelin-1/metabolism
- Endothelin-1/pharmacology
- Fura-2
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle Contraction/physiology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/abnormalities
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Neural Crest/cytology
- Neural Crest/physiology
- Neural Crest/surgery
- Stress, Mechanical
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Wingard
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 15th Street, Room CL3120, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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10
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Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle exhibits remarkable structural and functional diversity. For many years, this diversity was thought to be due to plasticity of a single type of smooth muscle cell responding to biologic and mechanical variations in the local environment. However, recent studies of vascular development employing novel lineage mapping and mouse mutagenesis approaches suggest that much of the smooth muscle diversity found in adult blood vessels may have a developmental basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Majesky
- Departments of Pathology and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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11
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Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) originate from multiple types of progenitor cells. In the embryo, the most well studied SMC progenitor is the cardiac neural crest stem cell. Smooth muscle differentiation in the neural crest lineage is controlled by a combination of cell intrinsic factors, including Pax3, Tbx1, FoxC1, and serum response factor, interacting with various extrinsic factors in the local environment such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), Wnts, endothelin (ET)-1, and FGF8. Additional sources of multipotential cells that give rise to vascular SMCs in the embryo include proepicardial cells and possibly endothelial progenitor cells. In the adult, vascular SMCs must continually repair arterial injuries and maintain functional mass in response to changing demands upon the vessel wall. Recent evidence suggests that this is accomplished, in part, by recruiting multipotential vascular progenitors from bone marrow-derived stem cells as well as from less well defined sources within adult tissues themselves. This article will review our current understanding of the origins of vascular SMCs from multipotential stem and progenitor cells in developing as well as adult vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen K Hirschi
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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12
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Zhou G, Price CE, Rosenquist TH, Gadson PF, Godfrey M. Partial cloning and sequencing of chick fibrillin-1 cDNA. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2000; 36:19-25. [PMID: 10691037 DOI: 10.1290/1071-2690(2000)036<0019:pcasoc>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The recent identification of numerous matrix genes and gene products has allowed a detailed examination of their roles in development. Two of these extracellular matrix proteins, fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-2, are components of the elastin-associated microfibrils. Given what is known about the distribution of the fibrillins in normal tissues and the abnormalities that result when mutations occur, a basic hypothesis has emerged: fibrillin-1 is primarily responsible for load bearing and providing structural integrity, whereas fibrillin-2 may be a director of elastogenesis. Nevertheless, examination of phenotypes in disorders caused by mutations in fibrillin-1 or fibrillin-2 suggests some common functions. To better understand these similar and diverse roles, it would be helpful to examine these proteins during chick development. To accomplish this goal, it is first necessary to characterize the chick homologs of the known fibrillins. In this study, the partial chick FBN1 cDNA was identified by polymerase chain reaction-aided cloning as a first step toward elucidating these goals. Sequence analysis indicated that there is striking conservation between chick and mammalian fibrillin-1 at the DNA and protein levels. Antisense and sense riboprobes were synthesized and used in in situ hybridization in stage 14 chick embryos and high levels of FBN1 transcripts were observed in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zhou
- Munroe Center for Human Genetics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68198-5430, USA
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13
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Smith SC, Graveson AC, Hall BK. Evidence for a developmental and evolutionary link between placodal ectoderm and neural crest. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.1402700308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Anderson
- Department of Paediatrics, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, U.K
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Tasaka H, Takenaka H, Okamoto N, Onitsuka T, Koga Y, Hamada M. Abnormal development of cardiovascular systems in rat embryos treated with bisdiamine. TERATOLOGY 1991; 43:191-200. [PMID: 2014482 DOI: 10.1002/tera.1420430303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Administration of N,N'-bis(dichloroacetyl)-1,8-octamethylenediamine, bisdiamine, in pregnant Donryu rats on day 10 of gestation induces a high incidence of cardiovascular anomalies in fetuses. Bisdiamine administration induced aplasia of the sixth aortic arch artery, with both the right and left primitive pulmonary arteries being directly linked to the truncus, and resulting in four types of malformation of pulmonary arteries (PAs). When two primitive PAs shared a single root, the consequence was either pulmonary trunk hypoplasia, as is seen in tetralogy of Fallot, or type I persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA) as classified by Collet and Edwards. When root portions of two PAs did not fuse, either type II or type III PTA resulted. In controls, the right dorsal aorta (DA) between the right seventh intersegmental artery (IA) and the site where both DAs fuse degenerated and the left aortic arch (AA) and the right subclavian artery (SA) were formed. Bisdiamine administration induced two additional types of vascular anomalies. In one of these, the right DA between the right 4AA and the right 7IA degenerated and a left AA accompanied by an aberrant right SA resulted. In the other type, the left DA between the left 4AA and the left 7IA degenerated and a right AA accompanied by an aberrant left SA resulted. These results indicate that administration of bisdiamine induces malformation in the great blood vessels by disturbing persistency and degeneration of aortic arch arteries and DAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tasaka
- Second Department of Surgery, Miyazaki Medical College, Japan
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