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Ung GA, Nguyen KH, Hui A, Wong ND, Dineen EH. Impact of cardiorespiratory fitness and diabetes status on cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: An NHANES retrospective cohort study. AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL PLUS : CARDIOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024; 42:100395. [PMID: 38689681 PMCID: PMC11059329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahjo.2024.100395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
High cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with decreased mortality in people with pre-diabetes (pre-DM) and diabetes mellitus (DM); however, the degree to which CRF attenuates the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related and all-cause mortality is unclear. Study objective We examined the impact of CRF status on CVD-related morbidity and all-cause mortality in non-DM, Pre-DM, and DM populations. Design and setting 13,968 adults from the Third US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) were stratified into non-DM, pre-DM, or DM groups based on HbA1c levels. VO2Max was calculated using the Fitness Registry and Importance of Exercise: A National Database (FRIEND) equation. Participants Participants were categorized into tertiles of VO2Max; first VO2Max tertile was the lowest VO2Max and third VO2Max tertile was the highest. Main outcome measures Cox regression was used to analyze the relationship between glycemic levels, VO2Max, and CVD-related and all-cause mortality. Results Those with DM in the highest fitness tertile had CVD (HR 0.13; 95 % CI 0.06, 0.27; p < 0.0001) and all cause (HR 0.28; 95 % CI 0.21, 0.38; p < 0.0001) mortality rates as low or lower than those with pre-DM (CVD HR 1.02; 95 % CI 0.78, 1.33 p < 0.892; all cause HR 0.96; 95 % CI 0.83, 1.12; p < 0.5496) or non-DM (CVD HR 0.65; 95 % CI 0.52, 0.80; p < 0.0001; all cause HR 0.61; 95 % CI 0.55, 0.68; p < 0.0001) at lower fitness levels. Regardless of DM status, there was lower all-cause mortality with higher CRF levels. Conclusions Higher fitness levels in DM individuals are associated with total and CVD mortality rates as low or lower than those without DM with lower fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn A. Ung
- Western University of Health Sciences College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-Pomona, CA, United States of America
| | - Kevin H. Nguyen
- Western University of Health Sciences College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-Pomona, CA, United States of America
| | - Alvin Hui
- Western University of Health Sciences College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-Pomona, CA, United States of America
| | - Nathan D. Wong
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth H. Dineen
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
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2
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Liu X, Tang J, Long W, Zou Y, Tan J. Comparison of physical activity and physical fitness in children and adolescents of Chinese Han and Tibet ethnicity. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1392803. [PMID: 38784594 PMCID: PMC11111887 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1392803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity (PA) and physical fitness (PF) are important markers of health status in children and adolescents in different ethnicities. In this study, we aimed to compare the PA and PF indicators between Tibetan and Han children and adolescents. Methods Children and adolescents of 4-9 grades were recruited in Shigatse (n = 963) and Shanghai (n = 2,525) respectively. The information related to demographic, PA, and PF was collected via a self-reported questionnaire. PA was assessed through the participation of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), muscle-strengthening exercise (MSE) and organized sport participation (OSP). PF was estimated using the International Fitness Scale containing components of overall fitness, cardiorespiratory fitness, speed and agility, muscular strength and flexibility. Results Han (mean age = 13.45 ± 3.3 years; 49.7% girls) and Tibet (mean age = 13.8 ± 2.5 years; 48.3% girls) children and adolescents from Shanghai and Shigatse completed the questionnaire survey. It was revealed that Tibetan students had higher MVPA, MSE and OSP than children and adolescents of Han ethnicity (p < 0.01, small to medium effect size). A relatively higher percentage of student in Shanghai did not participate in any form of PA. On the other hand, less Tibetan students thought their PF indicators including overall fitness, cardiorespiratory fitness, speed and agility, muscular strength and flexibility were poor or very poor than their counterparts of Han ethnicity (p < 0.01, small to medium effect size). Conclusion Tibetan children and adolescents have higher levels of PA and PF in comparison to their Han counterparts. More children and adolescents of Han ethnicity engage in no PA and think their PF indicators were poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiaxing Tang
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Weixuan Long
- Department of Sports Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zou
- Department of Sports Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingwang Tan
- Department of Sports Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Fitts RH, Wang X, Kwok WM, Camara AKS. Cardiomyocyte Adaptation to Exercise: K+ Channels, Contractility and Ischemic Injury. Int J Sports Med 2024. [PMID: 38648799 DOI: 10.1055/a-2296-7604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and exercise-training (TRN) is known to reduce risk factors and protect the heart from ischemia and reperfusion injury. Though the cardioprotective effects of exercise are well-documented, underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This review highlights recent findings and focuses on cardiac factors with emphasis on K+ channel control of the action potential duration (APD), β-adrenergic and adenosine regulation of cardiomyocyte function, and mitochondrial Ca2+ regulation. TRN-induced prolongation and shortening of the APD at low and high activation rates, respectively, is discussed in the context of a reduced response of the sarcolemma delayed rectifier potassium channel (IK) and increased content and activation of the sarcolemma KATP channel. A proposed mechanism underlying the latter is presented, including the phosphatidylinositol-3kinase/protein kinase B pathway. TRN induced increases in cardiomyocyte contractility and the response to adrenergic agonists are discussed. The TRN-induced protection from reperfusion injury is highlighted by the increased content and activation of the sarcolemma KATP channel and the increased phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β, which aid in preventing mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and mitochondria-triggered apoptosis. Finally, a brief section is presented on the increased incidences of atrial fibrillation associated with age and in life-long exercisers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Fitts
- Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Xinrui Wang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Wai-Meng Kwok
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
- Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Amadou K S Camara
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
- Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
- Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
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4
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Hajiyev K, Cimpoca A, Ernemann U, Bäzner H, Henkes H, von Gottberg P. Long-term outcomes of carotid stenting in a single neurovascular center: up to 12-year retrospective analysis with a focus on the influence of comorbidities. Neuroradiology 2024; 66:117-127. [PMID: 38010404 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-023-03248-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term outcomes in patients who underwent carotid artery stenting (CAS) for symptomatic or asymptomatic high-grade stenosis. METHODS A total of 1158 patients (asymptomatic, n = 636; symptomatic, n = 522) underwent CAS at our center between 2009 and 2020. A total of 560 patients or contacts (asymptomatic, n = 316; symptomatic, n = 244) were interviewed by telephone to evaluate long-term outcomes with a mean follow-up of 5 years. Mortality from all causes, myocardial infarction, and stroke, as well as comorbidities influencing their occurrence, including overall survival and stroke-free survival, were examined. RESULTS The overall survival rate for all-cause mortality was 91.6% at 1 year, 77.1% at 5 years, and 55.7% at 10 years. A total of 39 (6.9%) patients had an ischemic stroke during long-term follow-up. The stroke-free survival rates at 1 year, 5 years, and 10 years were 97.9%, 92.7%, and 86.6%, respectively. Stroke-free survival and overall survival did not differ significantly between the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups (overall survival, p = 0.304; stroke-free survival, p = 0.336). Regular physical activity reduced the risk of stroke and death and was associated with better long-term clinical outcomes. Age at treatment and diabetes mellitus were statistically significantly associated with death during follow-up. CONCLUSION Long-term follow-up data confirmed the effectiveness and durability of CAS as a therapy option for both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. In patient selection for CAS, special consideration should be paid to patient age, ability to engage in physical activity, and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hajiyev
- Neuroradiologische Klinik, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - A Cimpoca
- Neuroradiologische Klinik, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - U Ernemann
- Diagnostische Und Interventionelle Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - H Bäzner
- Neurologische Klinik, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - H Henkes
- Neuroradiologische Klinik, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - P von Gottberg
- Neuroradiologische Klinik, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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5
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Pourmousavi L, Hashemkandi Asadi R, Zehsaz F, Jadidi RP. Effect of crocin and treadmill exercise on oxidative stress and heart damage in diabetic rats. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281692. [PMID: 38113243 PMCID: PMC10729987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes increases the production of free radicals and inflammatory agents in the heart tissue and alters the expression of genes associated with the induction of apoptosis. Considering the importance of common cardiovascular disorders in diabetes, this study investigated the effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise and crocin use, as well as tissue damage and oxidative stress caused by diabetes in the hearts of adult rats. Streptozotocin 50 mg/kg was injected as a single dose intraperitoneally to cause the diabetes. After 72 hours, a glucometer monitored blood glucose levels, and blood glucose above 250 mg/dl was considered diabetes. Continuous treadmill exercise was performed for eight weeks by placing the animal on the treadmill. Next, the animals were anesthetized, and samples were taken from the hearts and frozen in liquid nitrogen. Then, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in the cardiac tissue. Finally, the hearts of half of the animals were immediately immersed in a formalin solution for histological changes. According to our findings, diabetes increased lipid peroxidation, characterized by increased MDA levels in the control diabetes group and decreased SOD and GPx levels (P <0.05). It also changes the balance of expression of genes associated with apoptosis control, increased Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) expression, and decreased Bcl-2 expression (P <0.05). Also, we observed the induction of apoptosis in cardiac tissue. Using eight weeks of continuous exercise and administration of crocin significantly reduced blood sugar levels and lipid peroxidation and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and Bcl-2 gene expression compared to the diabetes control group. In addition, continuous exercise and crocin improved the oxidative stress parameters in the control group. This study showed that diabetes could cause oxidative stress and heart dysfunction. Moreover, simultaneously and separately, aerobic exercise with a treadmill and crocin administration can reduce these disorders and prevent apoptosis in the heart tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Pourmousavi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rasoul Hashemkandi Asadi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farzad Zehsaz
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Pouzesh Jadidi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
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6
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Malik A, Hanson J, Han J, Dolezal B, Bradfield JS, Boyle NG, Hsu JJ. Sudden cardiac arrest in athletes and strategies to optimize preparedness. Clin Cardiol 2023; 46:1059-1071. [PMID: 37493125 PMCID: PMC10540019 DOI: 10.1002/clc.24095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is the leading cause of death in young athletes. Despite efforts to improve preparedness for cardiac emergencies, the incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in athletes remains high, and bystander awareness and readiness for SCA support are inadequate. Initiatives such as designing an emergency action plan (EAP) and mandating training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and automated external defibrillator use (AED) for team members and personnel can contribute to improved survival rates in SCA cases. This review provides an overview of SCA in athletes, focusing on identifying populations at the highest risk and evaluating the effectiveness of different screening practices in detecting conditions that may lead to SCA. We summarize current practices and recommendations for improving the response to SCA events, and we highlight the need for ongoing efforts to optimize preparedness through the implementation of EAPs and the training of individuals in CPR and AED use. Additionally, we propose a call to action to increase awareness and training in EAP development, CPR, and AED use for team members and personnel. To improve outcomes of SCA cases in athletes, it is crucial to enhance bystander awareness and preparedness for cardiac emergencies. Implementing EAPs and providing training in CPR and AED use for team members and personnel are essential steps toward improving survival rates in SCA cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneeq Malik
- Department of MedicineOlive View‐UCLA Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Justin Hanson
- Department of Medicine, Division of CardiologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Janet Han
- Department of Medicine, Division of CardiologyVeterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and UCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Brett Dolezal
- Exercise Physiology Research Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and PhysiologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jason S. Bradfield
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia CenterDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Noel G. Boyle
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia CenterDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jeffrey J. Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Division of CardiologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Medicine, Division of CardiologyVeterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and UCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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7
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Patel H, Diem D, Keyes P, Supariwala AA, Syed S. Coronary Artery Tortuosity Found in a Marathon Runner. Cureus 2023; 15:e39849. [PMID: 37404405 PMCID: PMC10314825 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery tortuosity (CAT) is an anatomical anomaly in which the coronary arteries contain kinks or coils. It is usually found incidentally in elderly patients with long-standing uncontrolled hypertension. This case illustrates a 58-year-old female marathon runner who was found to have CAT, originally presenting with chest pain, hypotension, presyncope, and a severe cramping sensation in her legs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humail Patel
- Internal Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sarah Syed
- Cardiology, Northwell Health, Bay Shore, USA
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8
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Predicting Maximum Oxygen Uptake from Non-Exercise and Submaximal Exercise Tests in Paraplegic Men with Spinal Cord Injury. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11050763. [PMID: 36900768 PMCID: PMC10001045 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11050763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop prediction equations for maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) based on non-exercise (anthropometric) and submaximal exercise (anthropometric and physiological) variables in paraplegic men with a spinal cord injury. All participants were tested on an arm ergometer using a maximal graded exercise test. Anthropometric variables such as age, height, weight, body fat, body mass index, body fat percentage, and arm muscle mass and physiological variables such as VO2, VCO2, and heart rate at 3 and 6 min of graded exercise tests were included in the multiple linear regression analysis. The prediction equations revealed the following. Regarding non-exercise variables, VO2max was correlated with age and weight (equation R = 0.771, R2 = 0.595, SEE= 3.187). Regarding submaximal variables, VO2max was correlated with weight and VO2 and VCO2 at 6 min (equation R = 0.892, R2 = 0.796, SEE = 2.309). In conclusion, our prediction equations can be used as a cardiopulmonary function evaluation tool to estimate VO2max simply and conveniently using the anthropometric and physiological characteristics of paraplegic men with spinal cord injuries.
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9
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There is urgent need to treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk earlier, more intensively, and with greater precision: A review of current practice and recommendations for improved effectiveness. Am J Prev Cardiol 2022; 12:100371. [PMID: 36124049 PMCID: PMC9482082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2022.100371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is epidemic throughout the world and is etiologic for such acute cardiovascular events as myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, unstable angina, and death. ASCVD also impacts risk for dementia, chronic kidney disease peripheral arterial disease and mobility, impaired sexual response, and a host of other visceral impairments that adversely impact the quality and rate of progression of aging. The relationship between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and risk for ASCVD is one of the most highly established and investigated issues in the entirety of modern medicine. Elevated LDL-C is a necessary condition for atherogenesis induction. Basic scientific investigation, prospective longitudinal cohorts, and randomized clinical trials have all validated this association. Yet despite the enormous number of clinical trials which support the need for reducing the burden of atherogenic lipoprotein in blood, the percentage of high and very high-risk patients who achieve risk stratified LDL-C target reductions is low and has remained low for the last thirty years. Atherosclerosis is a preventable disease. As clinicians, the time has come for us to take primordial and primary prevention more serously. Despite a plethora of therapeutic approaches, the large majority of patients at risk for ASCVD are poorly or inadequately treated, leaving them vulnerable to disease progression, acute cardiovascular events, and poor aging due to loss of function in multiple visceral organs. Herein we discuss the need to greatly intensify efforts to reduce risk, decrease disease burden, and provide more comprehensive and earlier risk assessment to optimally prevent ASCVD and its complications. Evidence is presented to support that treatment should aim for far lower goals in cholesterol management, should take into account many more factors than commonly employed today and should begin significantly earlier in life.
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10
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Alassaf L, Abd-Ellatif EE. Risk Assessment of Cardiovascular Disease Among Adults Attending Primary Healthcare Centers in Riyadh City 2015. Cureus 2022; 14:e32503. [PMID: 36654558 PMCID: PMC9839152 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors is expected to rise in Saudi Arabia as the prevalence of CVD risk factors rises. Effective primary CVD prevention necessitates risk assessment to categorize patients and select the most appropriate intervention for each category. OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence of CVD at primary healthcare (PHC) in Riyadh city and to categorize the at-risk population as a slow, intermediate, or high risk of CVD. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out at seven PHC centers in Riyadh. Seven hundred participants (half of whom were males and the other half females) were selected at random from PHCs visitors, and data was collected using a structured questionnaire, as well as required measurements and laboratory investigations. The World Health Organization risk prediction charts were used to calculate CVD risk. Participants were assigned to one of three CVD risk categories (low, intermediate, high). RESULTS Obesity was found to be the most common risk factor found in this study (53.2%). Overweight (31.2%), with females having higher BMI levels. The study found that 83.4% of participants had low CVD risk, 12.9% had intermediate risk, and 3.7% had high CVD risk category. Age, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol level, smoking, and prior diagnosis of diabetes were all statistically significant predictors of moderate and high CVD risk. CONCLUSION CVD risk factors were discovered to be common among study participants. It requires healthcare decision-makers to engage in community-based interventions to decrease the risk of CVD.
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11
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Kiani AK, Medori MC, Dhuli K, Donato K, Caruso P, Fioretti F, Perrone MA, Ceccarini MR, Manganotti P, Nodari S, Codini M, Beccari T, Bertelli M. Clinical assessment for diet prescription. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2022; 63:E102-E124. [PMID: 36479490 PMCID: PMC9710416 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2s3.2753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Accurate nutritional assessment based on dietary intake, physical activity, genetic makeup, and metabolites is required to prevent from developing and/or to treat people suffering from malnutrition as well as other nutrition related health issues. Nutritional screening ought to be considered as an essential part of clinical assessment for every patient on admission to healthcare setups, as well as on change in clinical conditions. Therefore, a detailed nutritional assessment must be performed every time nutritional imbalances are observed or suspected. In this review we have explored different techniques used for nutritional and physical activity assessment. Dietary Intake (DI) assessment is a multidimensional and complex process. Traditionally, dietary intake is assessed through self-report techniques, but due to limitations like biases, random errors, misestimations, and nutrient databases-linked errors, questions arise about the adequacy of self-reporting dietary intake procedures. Despite the limitations in assessing dietary intake (DI) and physical activity (PA), new methods and improved technologies such as biomarkers analysis, blood tests, genetic assessments, metabolomic analysis, DEXA (Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging), and CT (computed tomography) scanning procedures have made much progress in the improvement of these measures. Genes also plays a crucial role in dietary intake and physical activity. Similarly, metabolites are also involved in different nutritional pathways. This is why integrating knowledge about the genetic and metabolic markers along with the latest technologies for dietary intake (DI) and physical activity (PA) assessment holds the key for accurately assessing one's nutritional status and prevent malnutrition and its related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paola Caruso
- Clinical Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital ASUGI, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco Fioretti
- Department of Cardiology, University of Brescia and ASST "Spedali Civili" Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Manganotti
- Clinical Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital ASUGI, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Savina Nodari
- Department of Cardiology, University of Brescia and ASST "Spedali Civili" Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michela Codini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Beccari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners (GA), USA
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12
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Graziano F, Juhasz V, Brunetti G, Cipriani A, Szabo L, Merkely B, Corrado D, D’Ascenzi F, Vago H, Zorzi A. May Strenuous Endurance Sports Activity Damage the Cardiovascular System of Healthy Athletes? A Narrative Review. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9100347. [PMID: 36286299 PMCID: PMC9604467 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9100347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The positive effects of physical activity are countless, not only on the cardiovascular system but on health in general. However, some studies suggest a U-shape relationship between exercise volume and effects on the cardiovascular system. On the basis of this perspective, moderate-dose exercise would be beneficial compared to a sedentary lifestyle, while very high-dose physical activity would paradoxically be detrimental. We reviewed the available evidence on the potential adverse effects of very intense, prolonged exercise on the cardiovascular system, both acute and chronic, in healthy athletes without pre-existing cardiovascular conditions. We found that endurance sports activities may cause reversible electrocardiographic changes, ventricular dysfunction, and troponin elevation with complete recovery within a few days. The theory that repeated bouts of acute stress on the heart may lead to chronic myocardial damage remains to be demonstrated. However, male veteran athletes with a long sports career show an increased prevalence of cardiovascular abnormalities such as electrical conduction delay, atrial fibrillation, myocardial fibrosis, and coronary calcifications compared to non-athletes. It must be underlined that the cause-effect relationship between such abnormalities and the exercise and, most importantly, the prognostic relevance of such findings remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Graziano
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Vencel Juhasz
- Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Hataror Rd. 18, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Giulia Brunetti
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Cipriani
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Liliana Szabo
- Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Hataror Rd. 18, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Hataror Rd. 18, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Sports Medicine, Semmelweis University, Gaal Jozsef Str. 9-11, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Domenico Corrado
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Flavio D’Ascenzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Hajnalka Vago
- Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Hataror Rd. 18, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Sports Medicine, Semmelweis University, Gaal Jozsef Str. 9-11, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alessandro Zorzi
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-8212322
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Gan L, Jiang Y. Does Participating in Physical Exercise Make Chinese Residents Happier?-Empirical Research Based on 2018 Chinese General Social Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12732. [PMID: 36232031 PMCID: PMC9564589 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Participating in physical exercise to improve fitness, as well as experience the social and economic functions of sport, can help individuals improve their subjective well-being. The ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model was used to empirically study the impact of the frequency and intensity of physical exercise on Chinese residents' subjective well-being and its mechanisms using data from the 2018 China General Social Survey (CGSS). The findings revealed that participating in physical exercise significantly increased Chinese residents' subjective well-being; the impact of physical exercise on Chinese residents' subjective well-being varied with age, marriage, political status, and so on, and participation in physical exercise improved in rural individuals, male individuals, and individuals from the eastern regions. Higher intensity physical exercise increases the likelihood of subjective well-being; urban individuals, female individuals, and individuals in the central and eastern regions have a higher probability of improving subjective well-being.
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14
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Daniele A, Lucas SJE, Rendeiro C. Detrimental effects of physical inactivity on peripheral and brain vasculature in humans: Insights into mechanisms, long-term health consequences and protective strategies. Front Physiol 2022; 13:998380. [PMID: 36237532 PMCID: PMC9553009 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.998380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing prevalence of physical inactivity in the population highlights the urgent need for a more comprehensive understanding of how sedentary behaviour affects health, the mechanisms involved and what strategies are effective in counteracting its negative effects. Physical inactivity is an independent risk factor for different pathologies including atherosclerosis, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. It is known to progressively lead to reduced life expectancy and quality of life, and it is the fourth leading risk factor for mortality worldwide. Recent evidence indicates that uninterrupted prolonged sitting and short-term inactivity periods impair endothelial function (measured by flow-mediated dilation) and induce arterial structural alterations, predominantly in the lower body vasculature. Similar effects may occur in the cerebral vasculature, with recent evidence showing impairments in cerebral blood flow following prolonged sitting. The precise molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying inactivity-induced vascular dysfunction in humans are yet to be fully established, although evidence to date indicates that it may involve modulation of shear stress, inflammatory and vascular biomarkers. Despite the steady increase in sedentarism in our societies, only a few intervention strategies have been investigated for their efficacy in counteracting the associated vascular impairments. The current review provides a comprehensive overview of the evidence linking acute and short-term physical inactivity to detrimental effects on peripheral, central and cerebral vascular health in humans. We further examine the underlying molecular and physiological mechanisms and attempt to link these to long-term consequences for cardiovascular health. Finally, we summarize and discuss the efficacy of lifestyle interventions in offsetting the negative consequences of physical inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Daniele
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel J. E. Lucas
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Catarina Rendeiro
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Catarina Rendeiro,
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15
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Chatterjee P, Bandyopadhyay A. Assessment of electrophysiological changes in the heart by analysing resting electrocardiografic recording and comparison with Seattle criteria in trained male 14-19 years aged volleyball players. MEDICAL SCIENCE PULSE 2022. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.9256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular arrest among athletes is prevalent in today's competitive world. As a result, a thorough and routine assessment is advised. The Seattle Criteria are one of the most widely accepted standards in the electrophysiological diagnosis and can reveal possible aberrant findings based on ECG values. Aim of the study: This study aims to investigate the heart's electrophysiological adaptations in trained male volleyball players. This comparison study used the Seattle Criteria to evaluate whether training has a beneficial or negative impact on the heart. Material and methods: In this study, 41 trained male volleyball players aged 14 to 19 were divided into three groups (14–15, 16–17, and 18–19). Each player's resting ECG was recorded and compared to the Seattle criteria. The Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric ANOVA was used, followed by the Mann-Whitney U test for significant outcomes. Results: The Q-T interval differed significantly between the three groups (p < 0.05). In Groups 2 and 3, ST depression was identified using ECG 23% and 8% of the time, respectively. In Groups 1, 2, and 3, ST elevation was detected in 60%, 62%, and 83% of ECGs, respectively. Group 1 had much longer ventricular depolarization and repolarization times. Sinus bradycardia, sinus arrhythmia, and early repolarization (ST elevation) are considered normal ECG findings in athletes, while a ST-segment depression (0.5 mm) is abnormal. Conclusions: It can be inferred that the adaptive aspects of the electrophysiological alterations in the heart as a result of training may help justify the effective workload and prevent cardiac failure in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyam Chatterjee
- Department of Physiology, Serampore College, Serampore, Hooghly, West-Bengal, India
| | - Anupam Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Physiology, Serampore College, Serampore, Hooghly, West-Bengal, India
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16
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Ramsey MW, Reese-Smith J, Lemacks JL, Madson MB, Greer T, Bradford L, Aras S, Gipson JA, McLin DB. Key Focus Group Themes to Inform Weight Management Interventions in Deep South African Americans. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 54:647-659. [PMID: 35568686 PMCID: PMC9351227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand African Americans' perceptions, barriers, and facilitators to recruitment, enrollment, adoption, maintenance, and retention in a nutrition and physical activity promotion program. DESIGN Four focus groups were conducted. SETTING Two community settings located in Jackson and Hattiesburg, Mississippi. PARTICIPANTS Participants (n = 28) were aged 18-50 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Barriers and facilitators associated with healthy eating, physical activity, achieving a healthy weight, and participation in a health behavior change program. ANALYSIS A conventional thematic content analysis approach includes data familiarization, initial code generation, initial theme generation, themes review, and team review for finalization of themes. RESULTS Major themes related to health behaviors and participation in a behavior change program were identified by participants, including time constraints, costs, social support, consistency and self-efficacy, motivation for longevity and disease prevention, physical appearance, fear of injury/pain, social norms/stigma associated with outdoor physical activity, body criticism from family members, and having empathic and validating program staff support. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Several social determinants of health were identified as essential considerations for promoting healthy nutrition and physical activity behaviors among African American adult Mississippians. Cultural and spiritual implications were also identified. Study insights inform policy approaches for designing culturally appropriate health behavior change programs in the Deep South.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Ramsey
- Mississippi INBRE Telenutrition Center, Hattiesburg, MS; Department of Psychology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS.
| | - Jacqueline Reese-Smith
- Mississippi INBRE Telenutrition Center, Hattiesburg, MS; Houston Fire Department-Firefighter Support Network, Houston, TX
| | - Jennifer L Lemacks
- Mississippi INBRE Telenutrition Center, Hattiesburg, MS; University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS; Mississippi INBRE Community Engagement and Training Core, Hattiesburg, MS
| | - Michael B Madson
- Mississippi INBRE Telenutrition Center, Hattiesburg, MS; University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS
| | - Tammy Greer
- Mississippi INBRE Telenutrition Center, Hattiesburg, MS; University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS
| | | | - Sermin Aras
- University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS
| | - June A Gipson
- Mississippi INBRE Community Engagement and Training Core, Hattiesburg, MS
| | - Dawn B McLin
- Department of Psychology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS
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17
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D'Agostino EM, Day SE, Konty KJ, Armstrong SC, Skinner AC, Neshteruk CD. Longitudinal Association between Weight Status, Aerobic Capacity, Muscular Strength, and Endurance among New York City Youth, 2010-2017. Child Obes 2022; 19:203-212. [PMID: 35758762 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2022.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Child weight status is inversely associated with fitness, but less is known about this relationship across fitness domains. This study examined the longitudinal association between weight status and fitness domains in a large, diverse sample of children. Methods: Data were drawn from the New York City Fitnessgram (2010-2011 to 2017-2018). Height and weight were collected annually and converted to weight status using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. Aerobic capacity, muscular strength, and endurance were measured as age and sex standardized z-scores based on the fitness performance tests. Repeated-measures multilevel models were run testing the association between weight status and 1-year lagged fitness domains. Results: The sample included 917,554 children (51.8% male, 39.3% Hispanic, 29.9% non-Hispanic Black, 13.9%, 4.7%, and 1.7% class I, II, and III obesity, respectively). For each fitness domain, fitness scores decreased with increasing weight status across all demographic categories, with the lowest fitness scores observed in children with the most severe obesity, and highest magnitude of effects for aerobic capacity, and particularly among boys, non-Hispanic Whites, and older youth. For example, compared with youth with healthy weight, youth with overweight had 0.28 standard deviation lower aerobic capacity performance [confidence interval (95% CI): -0.29 to -0.28], followed by class 1 obesity (β = -0.57, 95% CI: -0.58 to -0.57), class 2 obesity (β = -0.88, 95% CI: -0.88 to -0.88), and class 3 obesity (β = -1.19, 95% CI: -1.20 to -1.18). Conclusions: Compared with youth with healthy weight, youth at every other weight status had lower subsequent fitness, with the magnitude of the relationship increasing as weight status increased. Future research should examine interventions targeting aerobic capacity to reduce fitness disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M D'Agostino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sophia E Day
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Office of School Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin J Konty
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Office of School Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah C Armstrong
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Asheley C Skinner
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cody D Neshteruk
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA
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18
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Ewah PA, Oyeyemi AY, Oyeyemi AL, Oghumu SN, Awhen PA, Ogaga M, Edet LI. Comparison of exercise and physical activity routine and health status among apparently healthy Nigerian adults before and during COVID-19 lockdown: a self-report by social media users. BULLETIN OF THE NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE 2022; 46:155. [PMID: 35669156 PMCID: PMC9136206 DOI: 10.1186/s42269-022-00815-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is a pandemic that ravaged the world in manners that were never seen in the recent past, and one of the measures to stem the tide of this ravaging pandemic is a stay-at-home order referred to as lockdown. This study compares the physical activity status and perceived health of Nigerians before and during the lockdown. RESULTS Social media platform users (n = 205) were surveyed using a two-part questionnaire. The first part elicited the sociodemographic characteristics of the subject. In the second part, information about their exercise and physical activity, general health, and economic palliatives as offered by the government, non-governmental organizations, and philanthropists were elicited. The frequency of exercise was significantly more (p < 0.05) during the lockdown than before the lockdown. The duration and intensity of the exercise per week were comparable. There was also a negative relationship between the body mass index, frequency, and duration of exercise before and during the lockdown. The subjects perceived their health as worse during (3.70 ± 1.05) the lockdown than before (3.95 ± 0.97) lockdown (Z = - 3.69, p = 0.00). CONCLUSION Overall, for these cohorts of social media platform users, lockdown did not adversely affect their exercise routine. It is recommended that there should be specific recommendation on exercise as an important Instrumental Activity of Daily Living [IADL]. Therefore, while this pandemic lockdown lasts and beyond, the safety measures to follow while partaking in this IADL should be included in the public health recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ayi Ewah
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Adetoyeje Y Oyeyemi
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation (Physiotherapy), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Adewale L Oyeyemi
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation (Physiotherapy), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Saturday N Oghumu
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Peter Agba Awhen
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Mary Ogaga
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Lucy Inyang Edet
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
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19
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Paediatric cardiologist adherence to American Heart Association neurodevelopmental recommendations for CHD patients. Cardiol Young 2022; 33:590-596. [PMID: 35508421 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951122001329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A 2012 American Heart Association statement concluded that children with CHD are at an increased risk for neurodevelopmental delays. Routine surveillance and evaluation throughout childhood are recommended. To assess paediatric cardiologist compliance with American Heart Association guidelines and developmental referral practices, a survey was distributed to paediatric cardiologists nationwide (n = 129). The majority of participants (69%) stated they were somewhat familiar or not familiar with the American Heart Association statement and were concerned about patients not being properly referred to specialists for developmental evaluation. Forty paediatric cardiologists (31%) indicated that their institution did not have a neurodevelopmental cardiology programme. Of these, 25% indicated they generally did not refer CHD patients for neurodevelopmental evaluation, 45% performed surveillance and referred if warranted, and 30% generally referred all patients for surveillance. Lastly, 43% of paediatric cardiologists did not feel responsible for developmental surveillance, and 11% did not feel responsible for referrals. To ensure all children with CHD are appropriately screened and referred, paediatricians and cardiologists must work together to address differing impressions of accountability for surveillance and screening of children with CHD.
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20
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Cheng Z(A, Greenwood BN, Pavlou PA. Location-Based Mobile Gaming and Local Depression Trends: A Study of Pokémon Go. J MANAGE INFORM SYST 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/07421222.2021.2023407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul A. Pavlou
- C.T. Bauer College of Business University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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21
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Hidrus A, Kueh YC, Norsa’adah B, Kim Y, Chang YK, Kuan G. Structural equation model of psychological constructs of transtheoretical model, motives for physical activity, and amount of physical activity among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Malaysia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266104. [PMID: 35358248 PMCID: PMC8970478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed determine the structural relationship between psychological constructs of the transtheoretical model (TTM; processes of change, decisional balance, and exercise self-efficacy), motives for physical activity (PA), and amount of PA among Malaysians with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHOD All participants were recruited from the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia using a cross-sectional study design with purposive) sampling method. A total of 331 participants were recruited for the present study. Before participation in the study, they were informed that participation in the study was totally voluntary. Those who agreed to participate voluntarily were required to complete the self-administered questionnaire set, which included the processes of change, decisional balance, exercise self-efficacy, physical activity and leisure motivation, and international physical activity questionnaires. Data analysis of structural equation modeling was performed using Mplus 8. RESULTS From the 331 participants, most of whom were male (52%) and Malay (89.4%), with a mean age of 62.6 years (standard deviation = 10.29). The final structural equation model fit the data well based on several fit indices [Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.059, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.953, Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) = 0.925, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) = 0.031]. A total of 16 significant path relationships linked between the TTM, motives for PA, and amount of PA. CONCLUSION The pros of decisional balance, others' expectations, and psychological condition were constructs that directly affected PA, whereas the other constructs had a significant indirect relationship with the amount of PA. A positive mindset is crucial in deciding a behavioral change toward an active lifestyle in people with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizuddin Hidrus
- Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Public Health Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Yee Cheng Kueh
- Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Bachok Norsa’adah
- Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - YoungHo Kim
- Department of Sport Sciences, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu-Kai Chang
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Garry Kuan
- Exercise and Sports Science, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Active Lifestyle Post First Myocardial Infarction: A Comparison between Participants and Non-Participants of a Structured Cardiac Rehabilitation Program. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063617. [PMID: 35329304 PMCID: PMC8955239 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Following myocardial infarction (MI), impaired physical, mental, and cognitive functions can reduce participation in the community and diminish quality of life. This study aims to assess active lifestyle participation and functional performance in patients who were participants and non-participants in cardiac rehabilitation. A total of 71 patients were recruited, 6-10 months after the MI event; 38 chose to participate in a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program, and 33 did not (NCR). Participation and activity patterns in instrumental activities of daily living, as well as physically demanding leisure activities and social activities, were evaluated using the Activity Card Sort (ACS). Hand grip force and timed up and go (TUG) were tested. A total of 74% of the CR group met physical activity recommendations and only 34% continued to smoke, compared to 39% and 71% in the NCR group, respectively. The CR group, compared to the NCR group, had higher levels of daily activity, social leisure, and physically demanding leisure activities (p ≤ 0.001). Null differences between the NCR and CR groups were observed in grip strength and the TUG tests. The study highlighted community participation after MI. Based on a comparison between the groups, the study implies that patients choosing to participate in CR retained higher community participation levels and had better self-management of cardiovascular risk factors.
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Guan Y, Yan Z. Molecular Mechanisms of Exercise and Healthspan. Cells 2022; 11:872. [PMID: 35269492 PMCID: PMC8909156 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthspan is the period of our life without major debilitating diseases. In the modern world where unhealthy lifestyle choices and chronic diseases taper the healthspan, which lead to an enormous economic burden, finding ways to promote healthspan becomes a pressing goal of the scientific community. Exercise, one of humanity's most ancient and effective lifestyle interventions, appears to be at the center of the solution since it can both treat and prevent the occurrence of many chronic diseases. Here, we will review the current evidence and opinions about regular exercise promoting healthspan through enhancing the functionality of our organ systems and preventing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntian Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA;
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA;
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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24
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Sember V, Jurak G, Starc G, Morrison SA. Can Primary School Mathematics Performance Be Predicted by Longitudinal Changes in Physical Fitness and Activity Indicators? Front Psychol 2022; 13:796838. [PMID: 35211065 PMCID: PMC8860831 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.796838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine to what extent physical fitness indicators and/or moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) may account for final mathematics academic performance (APmath) awarded at the end of primary school. Methods School-aged youth were sampled in a repeated-measures, longitudinal design in Grade 6 (∼11 years), and again in Grade 9 (∼14 years). The youth (N = 231, 111 girls) completed a fitness test battery consisting of: flamingo balance test, standing long jump, backward obstacle course, plate tapping, sit ups, sit and reach, handgrip, and 20-m shuttle run. APmath scores were obtained for all children at the end of Grade 5, end of Grade 8, and end of Grade 9 (their final year of primary school). In a sub-sample of Grade 6 youth (N = 50, 29 girls), MVPA was measured objectively via SenseWear Pro Armbands (MVPAOB) for seven consecutive days, with measurements repeated in Grade 9. Results Math scores decreased from Grade 6 to 9 for both boys and girls (95%CI: −0.89 to −0.53, p < 0.001). MVPAOB was reduced by ∼45.7 min (−33%) from Grade 6 to 9 (p < 0.01). Significant main and interaction effects are noted for each fitness indicator (p < 0.05). A backward stepwise multiple regression analysis determined significant shared variance in final APmath grade to the change scores from Grade 6 to Grade 9 in: ΔAPmath, Δbackward obstacle course, Δsit and reach, and Δsit-ups [R2 = 0.494, F(4,180) = 43.67, p < 0.0001]. A second regression was performed only for the youth who completed MVPAOB measurements. In this sub-sample, MVPAOB did not significantly contribute to the model. Conclusion Longitudinal changes in youth fitness and their delta change in APmath score accounted for 49.4% of the variance in the final math grade awarded at the end of Grade 9. Aerobic power, upper body strength, and muscular endurance share more common variance to final math grade in boys, whereas whole-body coordination was the more relevant index in girls; this finding suggests that future research exploring the relationship of AP and PF should not be limited to cardiorespiratory fitness, instead encompassing muscular and neuro-muscular components of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedrana Sember
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Jurak
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Starc
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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25
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Ðurić S, Bogataj Š, Zovko V, Sember V. Associations Between Physical Fitness, Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Academic Performance. Front Public Health 2021; 9:778837. [PMID: 34957029 PMCID: PMC8695801 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.778837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that physical activity (PA) can improve the academic performance. We recruited healthy adolescent girls, aged 11–12 years, and measured their PA with the accelerometer ActiGraph GT3X for the consecutive 5 days. Physical fitness (PF) was measured with eight motoric tests and three anthropometry measures. Academic performance (AP) was assessed for the six academic narrated school subjects. The results revealed that the girls were more physically active during the week days and less active at weekend (557 vs. 516 counts/min). Physical education grade shows the highest overall correlations with the results of the PF test battery (r = 0.53–0.95, p < 0.01). Nevertheless, correlations surprisingly decrease for the combined daily PA (r = 0.45), especially the weekend PA (r = 0.28). Grade point average and PF correlated moderately (r = 0.43-0.64), while they were moderate to high for PA (r = 0.59–0.87). Many questions arose after the completion of the present study and several new topics opened up, such as the question of how parental education affects the duration of PA and AP of the children and the influence of the place of residence AP of the children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saša Ðurić
- Faculty of Sports, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Špela Bogataj
- Faculty of Sports, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vinko Zovko
- School of Economics and Business, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vedrana Sember
- Faculty of Sports, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Iellamo F, Perrone MA, Caminiti G, Volterrani M, Legramante JM. Post-exercise Hypotension in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease. Front Physiol 2021; 12:788591. [PMID: 35002770 PMCID: PMC8727444 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.788591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Blood pressure (BP) and hemodynamic changes occurring in the recovery phase after a single bout of exercise have not been extensively studied in coronary artery patients, despite the potential clinical implications of reducing BP through exercise. This study aimed at investigating the hemodynamic and arterial baroreflex mechanisms possibly involved in post-exercise hypotension (PEH) in patients with coronary artery disease.Methods: In 42 normotensive coronary artery patients undergone a Cardiac Rehabilitation Program, we evaluated before and after their daily exercise training session: blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). In a subgroup (n = 29), daily BP profile was also evaluated by ambulatory BP monitoring. In those patients showing PEH (n = 15), we evaluated: Cardiac Output (CO), Stroke Volume (SV), total peripheral resistances (TPR), forearm (FVR) and calf (CVR) vascular resistances, and spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS).Results: After exercise TPR was significantly reduced with a similar contribution from CVR and FVR, whereas CO and SV significantly increased. BRS showed a significant reduction mainly due to a BRS decrease in response to hypertensive stimuli. Systolic BP (SBP) was significantly reduced for 12 h after the end of a single exercise session.Conclusion: These findings indicate that in coronary artery patients, the recovery phase after exercise is characterized by PEH which is mediated mainly by a generalized peripheral vasodilation and appears to influence BP behavior throughout the daily life. Finally, the cardiac component of the arterial baroreflex seems to contribute indirectly to BP reduction occurring after exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Iellamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Ferdinando Iellamo,
| | - Marco Alfonso Perrone
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Caminiti
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Volterrani
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
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Boisson A, De La Villeon G, Huguet H, Abassi H, Pasquie JL, Lavastre K, Matecki S, Guillaumont S, Requirand A, Calderon J, Amedro P. Physical activity and aerobic fitness in children with inherited cardiac diseases. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 114:727-736. [PMID: 34756533 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of sports and exercise restrictions, children with inherited cardiac disease are at risk of physical deconditioning. Guidelines on sports participation in cardiovascular disease have become less restrictive over time, but their real-life application and behavioural impact have seldom been evaluated in children. AIMS We aimed to evaluate adherence to the 2020 European Society of Cardiology guidelines on sports and exercise in children with inherited cardiac arrhythmia and inherited cardiomyopathy; we also sought to evaluate their aerobic fitness, and the behavioural impact of inherited cardiac diseases on physical activity in children. METHODS Children aged 6-18 years with inherited cardiomyopathy or inherited cardiac arrhythmia were eligible for this cross-sectional study. Clinical, demographic and qualitative data were analysed. RESULTS A total of 32 children were included in the study (mean age 12.7±3.5 years). Most children (81.3%) complied with the 2020 European Society of Cardiology guidelines; they were physically active and had good overall aerobic fitness, with a mean peak oxygen uptake (VO2) value of 36.5±8.0mL/kg/min (84.0±17.2% of theoretical value). As a result of personal or parental behaviour, some children at risk of sudden cardiac death did not comply with the recommended upper limit of physical activity intensity, whereas others at low risk did not comply with the lower limit. CONCLUSION Most children with inherited cardiac arrhythmia or inherited cardiomyopathy complied with current 2020 European Society of Cardiology guidelines on sports cardiology and exercise in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Boisson
- Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology Department, M3C Regional Reference Centre, University Hospital, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Gregoire De La Villeon
- Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology Department, M3C Regional Reference Centre, University Hospital, 34295 Montpellier, France; Paediatric Cardiology and Rehabilitation Unit, Saint-Pierre Institute, 34250 Palavas-Les-Flots, France
| | - Helena Huguet
- Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit, CHU de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Hamouda Abassi
- Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology Department, M3C Regional Reference Centre, University Hospital, 34295 Montpellier, France; Inserm, PhyMedExp, CNRS, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Luc Pasquie
- Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology Department, M3C Regional Reference Centre, University Hospital, 34295 Montpellier, France; Inserm, PhyMedExp, CNRS, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Kathleen Lavastre
- Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology Department, M3C Regional Reference Centre, University Hospital, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Stefan Matecki
- Inserm, PhyMedExp, CNRS, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; Department of Physiology, CHU de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Guillaumont
- Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology Department, M3C Regional Reference Centre, University Hospital, 34295 Montpellier, France; Paediatric Cardiology and Rehabilitation Unit, Saint-Pierre Institute, 34250 Palavas-Les-Flots, France
| | - Anne Requirand
- Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology Department, M3C Regional Reference Centre, University Hospital, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Johanna Calderon
- Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology Department, M3C Regional Reference Centre, University Hospital, 34295 Montpellier, France; Inserm, PhyMedExp, CNRS, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Amedro
- Department of Paediatric and Adult Congenital Cardiology, M3C National Reference Centre, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33604 Pessac, France; Inserm, U1045, IHU Liryc, Bordeaux Cardio-Thoracic Research Centre, Electrophysiology and Heart Modelling Institute, University of Bordeaux, Fondation Bordeaux Université, 33604 Pessac, France.
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Takahashi T, Watanabe T, Tamura H, Nishiyama S, Takahashi H, Arimoto T, Shishido T, Ichikawa K, Inoue S, Konta T, Ueno Y, Kato T, Kayama T, Watanabe M. The impact of physical activity on cardiovascular mortality in the general population. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:1294-1304. [PMID: 34602927 PMCID: PMC8481793 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-3818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effect of moderate physical activity (PA) on morbidity and mortality has been observed in the general population. However, the ideal intensity of PA for improving cardiovascular longevity in Japanese general population is uncertain. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the PA and cardiovascular mortality in the general population. This longitudinal cohort study included 1,826 apparently healthy subjects who participated in a community-based health checkup. There were 31 cardiovascular deaths during 10-year follow-up. Subjects were divided into 4 groups based on the quartiles of PA (low, mild, moderate and high). Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis demonstrated that the most favorable cardiovascular prognosis was observed in subjects with moderate PA followed by those with mild PA. High PA as well as low PA were associated with higher cardiovascular mortality compared with mild and moderate PA. Noteworthy, in subjects with high PA, Cox hazard analysis revealed that previous cardiovascular disease, smoking, brain natriuretic peptide levels, and Framingham risk score were associated with cardiovascular mortality. The results suggest a U-shaped association between cardiovascular mortality and PA. Mild to moderate PA was associated with favorable cardiovascular outcomes in the Japanese general population. High PA might be associated with poor cardiovascular outcomes in subjects with a history of heart disease and high coronary risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Takahashi
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tetsu Watanabe
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Harutoshi Tamura
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nishiyama
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Takanori Arimoto
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Shishido
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Ichikawa
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Sumito Inoue
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Konta
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ueno
- Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Takeo Kato
- Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Takamasa Kayama
- Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Masafumi Watanabe
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
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Kamolthip R, Fung XCC, Lin CY, Latner JD, O'Brien KS. Relationships among Physical Activity, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Weight Stigma in Children in Hong Kong. Am J Health Behav 2021; 45:828-842. [PMID: 34702430 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.45.5.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Our objective in this study was to establish the relationships among active and inactive physical activity, HRQoL, and weight stigma in children. Additionally, we investigated weight stigma as a mediator of the relationship between physical activity and HRQoL.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Hong Kong (June 2017-July 2018). Participants were 437 children in elementary school (2 primary schools and 2 non-governmental organizations) and their parents (dyads). Participants completed questionnaires containing items assessing demographic characteristics, physical activity level, and several HRQoL measures.Results: We found a statistically significant difference between a higher physically activity group (exercise > 2 hours/week) in all measures of HRQoL. Weight stigma had a significant mediating effect on the relationship between physical activity and child-rated HRQoL (Coefficient = -0.37; SE=0.05; t = 8.21; p < .001), parent-rated HRQoL (Coefficient = -0.16; SE = 0.04; t = 4.21; p < .001), and child-rated weight-related QoL (Coefficient = -0.56; SE = 0.04; t = 14.92; p < .001). Conclusions: Physical activity was associated with better HRQoL and lower weight stigma. Weight stigma appears to affect how physical activity is related to better HRQoL, but the association is somewhat weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruckwongpatr Kamolthip
- Ruckwongpatr Kamolthip, Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Xavier C. C. Fung
- Xavier C. C. Fung, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Chung-Ying Lin, Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, and Department
of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan;,
| | - Janet D. Latner
- Janet D. Latner, Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Kerry S. O'Brien
- Kerry S. O'Brien, School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Dynamics of Fat Oxidation from Sitting at Rest to Light Exercise in Inactive Young Humans. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11060334. [PMID: 34073688 PMCID: PMC8225068 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Societal erosion of daily life low-level physical activity has had a great influence on the obesity epidemic. Given that low fat oxidation is also a risk factor for obesity, we investigated, in a repeated measures design, the dynamics of fat oxidation from a resting state to a light-intensity leg cycling exercise (0–50 watts) in inactive, healthy young adults. Using indirect calorimetry, energy expenditure and the respiratory quotient (RQ) were assessed in a sitting posture at rest and during a cycling exercise in 35 subjects (20 women). The rate of perceived exhaustion (RPE) was assessed using the Borg Scale. During graded leg cycling, the mean RPE did not exceed values corresponding to the exercise being perceived as ‘light’. However, analysis of individual data at 50 watts revealed two distinct subgroups among the subjects: those having RPE values corresponding to the exercise being perceived as ‘very light to light’ and showing no increase in RQ relative to resting levels, as opposed to an increase in RQ in those who perceived the exercise as being ‘somewhat hard to hard’ (p < 0.001). Our study in inactive individuals showing that high fat oxidation was maintained during ‘light-perceived’ physical activity reinforced the potential importance of light physical activity in the prevention of obesity.
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Binkley S, Foster C, Cortis C, de Koning JJ, Dodge C, Doberstein ST, Fusco A, Jaime SJ, Porcari JP. Summated Hazard Score as a Powerful Predictor of Fatigue in Relation to Pacing Strategy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041984. [PMID: 33670775 PMCID: PMC7922978 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
During competitive events, the pacing strategy depends upon how an athlete feels at a specific moment and the distance remaining. It may be expressed as the Hazard Score (HS) with momentary HS being shown to provide a measure of the likelihood of changing power output (PO) within an event and summated HS as a marker of how difficult an event is likely to be perceived to be. This study aimed to manipulate time trial (TT) starting strategies to establish whether the summated HS, as opposed to momentary HS, will improve understanding of performance during a simulated cycling competition. Seven subjects (peak PO: 286 ± 49.7 W) performed two practice 10-km cycling TTs followed by three 10-km TTs with imposed PO (±5% of mean PO achieved during second practice TT and a self-paced TT). PO, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), lactate, heart rate (HR), HS, summated HS, session RPE (sRPE) were collected. Finishing time and mean PO for self-paced (time: 17.51 ± 1.41 min; PO: 234 ± 62.6 W), fast-start (time: 17.72 ± 1.87 min; PO: 230 ± 62.0 W), and slow-start (time: 17.77 ± 1.74 min; PO: 230 ± 62.7) TT were not different. There was a significant interaction between each secondary outcome variable (PO, RPE, lactate, HR, HS, and summated HS) for starting strategy and distance. The evolution of HS reflected the imposed starting strategy, with a reduction in PO following a fast-start, an increased PO following a slow-start with similar HS during the last part of all TTs. The summated HS was strongly correlated with the sRPE of the TTs (r = 0.88). The summated HS was higher with a fast start, indicating greater effort, with limited time advantage. Thus, the HS appears to regulate both PO within a TT, but also the overall impression of the difficulty of a TT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Binkley
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA; (S.B.); (C.D.); (S.T.D.); (S.J.J.); (J.P.P.)
| | - Carl Foster
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA; (S.B.); (C.D.); (S.T.D.); (S.J.J.); (J.P.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Cristina Cortis
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Lazio Meridionale, 03043 Cassino, Italy; (C.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Jos J. de Koning
- Department of Human Movement Science, Movement Sciences Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Christopher Dodge
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA; (S.B.); (C.D.); (S.T.D.); (S.J.J.); (J.P.P.)
| | - Scott T. Doberstein
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA; (S.B.); (C.D.); (S.T.D.); (S.J.J.); (J.P.P.)
| | - Andrea Fusco
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Lazio Meridionale, 03043 Cassino, Italy; (C.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Salvador J. Jaime
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA; (S.B.); (C.D.); (S.T.D.); (S.J.J.); (J.P.P.)
| | - John P. Porcari
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA; (S.B.); (C.D.); (S.T.D.); (S.J.J.); (J.P.P.)
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Jang HJ, Chin DK, Park JY, Kuh SU, Kim KS, Cho YE, Kim KH. Influence of Frailty on Life Expectancy in Octogenarians After Lumbar Spine Surgery. Neurospine 2021; 18:303-310. [PMID: 33494553 PMCID: PMC8255765 DOI: 10.14245/ns.2040688.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Many studies have reported positive surgical outcomes and decreased mortality after spine surgery in the elderly population, including patients between 85 and 90 years of age. Here, in addition to patient age, we investigated the influence of frailty on short and long-term mortality in octogenarians after lumbar surgery.
Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of 162 patients over 80 years of age who underwent posterior lumbar fusion or decompressive laminectomy between January 2011 and September 2016. We examined patient survival and modified frailty index (mFI) from medical records.
Results By October 2019, 29 of 162 patients had expired (follow-up period: 1–105 months). Three-month mortality was 1.9%, and 1-year mortality was 4.9%. Frailty did not affect long-term survival at 1 year but was associated with 3-month mortality (p = 0.024).
Conclusion There was no relationship in long-term survival according to frailty in patients 80 years of age or older, but a difference was identified in short-term mortality. When making a surgical decision for lumbar spine surgery in frail patients over 80 years of age, surgeons should pay attention to the short-term prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jun Jang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Kyu Chin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Yoon Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Uk Kuh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keun-Su Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Eun Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Ho TW, Tsai HH, Lai JF, Chu SM, Liao WC, Chiu HM. Physical fitness cognition, assessment, and promotion: A cross-sectional study in Taiwan. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240137. [PMID: 33022002 PMCID: PMC7537908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Many health organizations have promoted the importance of the health-related benefits of physical fitness and physical activity. Studies have evaluated effective public health practice aiming to understand the cognition of physical activity among youths and adolescents. However, studies investigating the level of cognition and knowledge of physical fitness among Asian adults are lacking. Purpose This study aimed to investigate the self-awareness level of physical fitness and exercise prescription and the demand for physical fitness assessment among Taiwanese adults. Methods In January–July 2019, a cross-sectional anonymous survey was conducted using Research Electronic Data Capture to gather data on demographic data, cognition investigation of physical fitness and exercise prescription, cognitive test of physical fitness and exercise prescription, and demand for physical fitness assessment. Results The questionnaire was answered by 200 respondents. The rating for cognition investigation of physical fitness was 2.63–3.13 (unclear to mostly clear) and for exercise prescription was 2.05–2.76 (unclear) (rated on a 5-point Likert scale). Results show that lack of awareness was highest for health-related physical fitness, exercise prescription, and exercise progress planning. 98% of subjects did not know the latest recommended guidelines for physical activity, despite most agreeing that physical fitness and exercise are good for health. Most subjects (72%) indicated a willingness to accept self-pay service for physical fitness assessments. Conclusions This is the first study to report on the demand for cognition, assessment, and promotion of physical fitness among Taiwanese adults. The study shows that the subjects widely lack knowledge in the cognition of physical fitness and exercise prescription. Furthermore, a self-pay service for the physical fitness assessment and individualized exercise prescription were acceptable to most subjects, especially those undergoing regular health examinations. The findings are encouraging and will aid support for health organizations and professionals in the development and management of promotion strategies on health-related physical fitness in preventive medicine and health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Wei Ho
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Hua Tsai
- Health Management Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| | - Jui-Fen Lai
- Health Management Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sue-Min Chu
- Health Management Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chung Liao
- Health Management Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Mo Chiu
- Health Management Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Acute effects of short-term exposure to air pollution while being physically active, the potential for modification: A review of the literature. Prev Med 2020; 139:106195. [PMID: 32652130 PMCID: PMC8043242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The science behind the combined effect of (and possible interaction between) physical activity and air pollution exposure on health endpoints is not well established, despite the fact that independent effects of physical activity and air pollution on health are well known. The objective of this review is to systematically assess the available literature pertaining to exposure to air pollution while being physically active, in order to assess statistical interaction. Articles published during 2000-2020 were identified by searching PubMed, Science Direct, and ProQuest Agricultural & Environmental Science Database for terms encompassing air pollution and exercise/physical activity. Articles were included if they examined the following four scenarios: at rest in clean air, physical activity in clean air, at rest in polluted air, and physical activity in polluted air. Risk of bias assessment was performed on all included articles. We identified 25 articles for inclusion and determined risk of bias was low to moderate. Nine articles identified evidence of statistical interaction between air pollution exposure and physical activity, while 16 identified no such interaction. However, pollutant levels, exercise intensity, and the population studied appeared to influence statistical interaction. Even in low levels of air pollution, low-intensity activities (i.e., walking), may intensify the negative impacts of air pollution, particularly among those with pre-existing conditions. However, among healthy adults, the review suggests that exercise is generally beneficial even in high air pollution environments. Particularly, the review indicates that moderate to high-intensity exercise may neutralize any short-term negative effects of air pollution.
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Cao R, Gao T, Hu Y, Qin Z, Ren H, Liang L, Li C, Mei S. Clustering of lifestyle factors and the relationship with depressive symptoms among adolescents in Northeastern China. J Affect Disord 2020; 274:704-710. [PMID: 32664005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have showed the independent associations between screen time, physical activity (PA), sleep duration, and depressive symptoms, but little is known about the influence of lifestyles on depressive symptoms. This study aimed to identify clustering patterns of health-related behavior in Chinese adolescents and their association with depressive symptoms. METHODS The sample consisted of 4178 adolescent students. Screen time, physical activity, and sleep time were self-reported. The level of depressive symptoms was measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. A two-step cluster analysis was conducted to identify lifestyle patterns. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to examine the associations between clusters and depressive symptoms. RESULTS About 28.1% of participants reported depressive symptoms. Four lifestyle clusters were identified: (1) active pattern (n = 865 [20.7%]); (2) high sleep duration pattern (n = 1263 [30.2%]); (3) high screen time pattern (n = 665 [15.9%]); and (4) low physical activity-low sleep duration pattern (n = 1385[33.1%]). Cluster 1 and 2 were relatively healthy groups. Cluster 3 and 4 were at a higher risk of developing depressive symptoms than cluster 1. LIMITATIONS This was a cross-sectional study, and causal relations could not be identified. Self-reported questionnaire instruments were used to collect data, which might have led to some recall bias. CONCLUSIONS Clusters of lifestyle behaviors were identified, and differences in depressive symptoms were found among clusters. Public mental illness prevention strategies should expand their capacity to focus on lifestyle patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilin Cao
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China.
| | - Tingting Gao
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China.
| | - Yueyang Hu
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China.
| | - Zeying Qin
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China.
| | - Hui Ren
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China.
| | - Leilei Liang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China.
| | - Chuanen Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China.
| | - Songli Mei
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China.
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Personalized Tracking of Physical Activity in Children Using a Wearable Heart Rate Monitor. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17165895. [PMID: 32823813 PMCID: PMC7460160 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Serious games are video games that are intended to support learning while entertaining. They are considered valuable tools to improve user-specific skills or facilitate educational or therapeutic processes, especially in children. One of the disadvantages of computer games, in general, is their promotion of sedentary habits, considered as a significant risk factor for developing diseases such as obesity and hypertension. Exergames are serious games created to overcome the disadvantages of traditional computer games by promoting physical activity while playing. This study describes the development and evaluation of an adaptive component to monitor physical activity in children while using an exergame. The system is based on wearable technology to measure heart rate and perform real-time customizations in the exergame. To evaluate the adaptive component, an experiment was conducted with 30 children between 5 and 7 years of age, where the adaptive system was contrasted with a conventional interactive system (an exergame without adaptive component). It was demonstrated that the computer game, using the adaptive component, was able to change in real-time some of its functionalities based on the user characteristics. Increased levels of heart rate and caloric expenditure were significant in some of the game scenarios using the adaptive component. Although a formal user experience evaluation was not performed, excellent game playability and adherence by users were observed.
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Zhang W, Shen H, Yao X, Liu F, Wang S, Yang Y, Zhang N, Wang C. Clinical and Diffusion Tensor Imaging to Evaluate Falls, Balance and Gait Dysfunction in Leukoaraiosis: an Observational, Prospective Cohort Study. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2020; 33:223-230. [PMID: 31500496 DOI: 10.1177/0891988719874132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the correlation between leukoaraiosis (LA) and falls, to determine the risk factors for falls in patients with LA, and to detect specific white matter tracts are associated with the falls by using the diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTI) screen. METHODS For the elderly patients with LA, we collected demographic information and scores for the Tinetti Balance and Gait Scale, Berg Balance Scale, Timed up-and-go test, and Cognitive, Emotional, Sleep-related Scale. All the patients underwent DTI scanning and were followed up for 1 year. RESULTS Ninety-four individuals were prospectively enrolled. After multivariable analyses, age, history of falls in the past year, antidepressants usage, and LA-Fazekas grade were reported to be risk factors for falls. In patients with severe LA, the fall incidence was higher than in those with mild LA. Tract-Based Spatial Statistics showed that fractional anisotropy values of the corpus callosum, cingulate gyrus, anterior limb of internal capsule, cerebral peduncle, anterior corona, and fronto-occipital fasciculus were significantly reduced in the patients who fell. The body of the corpus callosum and anterior corona radiate were significantly related to balance and gait function. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that age, history of falls in the past year, antidepressants usage, and LA-Fazekas grade were risk factors for falls in elderly patients with LA. Leukoaraiosis was relevant for falls, but LA severity had a threshold effect with falls. The loss of integrity of some white matter tracts might influence balance and gait function. The DTI had preeminent clinical application prospects for identifying fall risk in patients with LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Zhang
- Department of neurology, Fuxing Hospital, the Eighth Clinical Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huicong Shen
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomei Yao
- Department of Health Research Methods Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry & Behavior Neurology and Clinical Psychology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Neuropsychiatry & Behavior Neurology and Clinical Psychology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Neuropsychiatry & Behavior Neurology and Clinical Psychology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Branch Institute of Sleep and Consciousness, Beijing Institutes of Brain Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Neuropsychiatry & Behavior Neurology and Clinical Psychology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Branch Institute of Sleep and Consciousness, Beijing Institutes of Brain Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxue Wang
- Department of Neuropsychiatry & Behavior Neurology and Clinical Psychology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Branch Institute of Sleep and Consciousness, Beijing Institutes of Brain Diseases, Beijing, China
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Veloso CD, Belew GD, Ferreira LL, Grilo LF, Jones JG, Portincasa P, Sardão VA, Oliveira PJ. A Mitochondrial Approach to Cardiovascular Risk and Disease. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:3175-3194. [PMID: 31470786 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190830163735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading risk factor for mortality worldwide and the number of CVDs victims is predicted to rise through 2030. While several external parameters (genetic, behavioral, environmental and physiological) contribute to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; intrinsic metabolic and functional determinants such as insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, inflammation, high blood pressure and dyslipidemia are considered to be dominant factors. METHODS Pubmed searches were performed using different keywords related with mitochondria and cardiovascular disease and risk. In vitro, animal and human results were extracted from the hits obtained. RESULTS High cardiac energy demand is sustained by mitochondrial ATP production, and abnormal mitochondrial function has been associated with several lifestyle- and aging-related pathologies in the developed world such as diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and kidney diseases, that in turn can lead to cardiac injury. In order to delay cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of cardiovascular risk, regular physical activity has been shown to improve mitochondrial parameters and myocardial tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion (IR). Furthermore, pharmacological interventions can prevent the risk of CVDs. Therapeutic agents that can target mitochondria, decreasing ROS production and improve its function have been intensively researched. One example is the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ10, which already showed beneficial effects in hypertensive rat models. Carvedilol or antidiabetic drugs also showed protective effects by preventing cardiac mitochondrial oxidative damage. CONCLUSION This review highlights the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in CVDs, also show-casing several approaches that act by improving mitochondrial function in the heart, contributing to decrease some of the risk factors associated with CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline D Veloso
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Getachew D Belew
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Luciana L Ferreira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Luís F Grilo
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - John G Jones
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Vilma A Sardão
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
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Eze-Nliam C, Schiller NB, Hayami D, Ghahghaie F, Bibby D, Fang Q, Marcus GM, Åström Aneq M. Endurance exercise in seniors: Tonic, toxin or neither? Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2020; 40:320-327. [PMID: 32364658 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiac adaptation to sustained exercise in the athletes is established. However, exercise-associated effect on the cardiac function of the elderly has to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to analyse left (LV) and right ventricular (RV) characteristics at different levels of chronic exercise in the senior heart. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied 178 participants in the World Senior Games (mean age 68 ± 8 years, 86 were men; 48%). Three groups were defined based on the type and intensity of sports: low-, moderate- and high-intensity level. Exclusion criteria were coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease or uncontrolled hypertension. LV and RV size and function were evaluated with an echocardiogram. RESULTS LV trans-mitral inflow deceleration time decreased in parallel to the intensity of chronic exercise: 242 ± 54 ms in low-, 221 ± 52 ms in moderate- and 215 ± 58 ms in high-intensity level, p = .03. Left atrial volume index (LAVI) was larger in high-intensity group, p = .001. The LAVI remained significantly larger when adjusting for age, gender, heart rate, hypertension and diabetes (p = .002). LV and RV sizes were larger in the high-intensity group. LV ejection fraction and RV systolic function evaluated by tissue Doppler velocity, atrioventricular plane displacement and strain did not differ between groups. CONCLUSION Left ventricular diastolic filling is not only preserved, but may also be enhanced in long-term, top-level senior athletes. Moreover, LV and RV systolic function remain unchanged at different levels of exercise. This supports the beneficial effects of endurance exercise participation in senior hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chete Eze-Nliam
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nelson B Schiller
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Doug Hayami
- Division of Cardiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Center, Halifax Infirmary Site, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Farzin Ghahghaie
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dwight Bibby
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Qizhi Fang
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gregory M Marcus
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Meriam Åström Aneq
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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40
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Haynes A, Naylor LH, Carter HH, Spence AL, Robey E, Cox KL, Maslen BA, Lautenschlager NT, Ridgers ND, Green DJ. Land-walking vs. water-walking interventions in older adults: Effects on aerobic fitness. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2020; 9:274-282. [PMID: 32444152 PMCID: PMC7242220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low cardiorespiratory fitness is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and interventions that increase fitness reduce risk. Water-walking decreases musculoskeletal impact and risk of falls in older individuals, but it is unclear whether water-walking improves aerobic fitness in the same way as weight-dependent land-walking. This randomized controlled trial involved 3 intervention groups-a no-exercise control group (CG), a land-walking (LW) group, and a water-walking (WW) group-to investigate the comparative impacts of LW and WW to CG on fitness. METHODS Both exercise groups attended individually tailored, center-based, intensity-matched 3 × weekly sessions for 24 weeks, which progressed to 150 min of exercise per week. This was followed by a 24-week no-intervention period. Maximal graded exercise tests were performed on a treadmill at Weeks 0, 24, and 48. RESULTS Maximal oxygen uptake increased from Week 0 to Week 24 in both exercise groups (0.57 ± 0.62 mL/kg/min, 0.03 ± 0.04 L/min for LW; 0.93 ± 0.75 mL/kg/min, 0.06 ± 0.06 L/min for WW, mean ± SE) compared to the CG (-1.75 ± 0.78 mL/kg/min, -0.16 ± 0.05 L/min) (group × time, p < 0.05). Time to exhaustion increased significantly following LW only (123.4 ± 25.5 s), which was significantly greater (p = 0.001) than the CG (24.3 ± 18.5 s). By Week 48, the training-induced adaptations in the exercise groups returned to near baseline levels. CONCLUSION Our study supports current physical-activity recommendations that 150 min/week of moderate-intensity exercise produces improvements in fitness in previously sedentary older individuals. Also, LW and WW elicit similar improvements in fitness if conducted at the same relative intensities. Exercise-naïve older individuals can benefit from the lower impact forces and decreased risk of falls associated with WW without compromising improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Haynes
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Louise H Naylor
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Howard H Carter
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Angela L Spence
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Elisa Robey
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Kay L Cox
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Barbara A Maslen
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Nicola T Lautenschlager
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Division of Psychiatry, WA Centre for Health & Ageing, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Nicola D Ridgers
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3125, Australia
| | - Daniel J Green
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
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Hidrus A, Kueh YC, Norsaádah B, Chang YK, Hung TM, Naing NN, Kuan G. Effects of Brain Breaks Videos on the Motives for the Physical Activity of Malaysians with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072507. [PMID: 32268601 PMCID: PMC7177668 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Brain Breaks videos are web-based structured physical activity (PA) videos that aim at stimulating an interest in learning and promoting health. Exercise is one of the important treatment regimens for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the effects that Brain Breaks videos have on the motives for PA, as measured by the Physical Activity and Leisure Motivation Scale-Malay (PALMS-M), and the amount of PA, as measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Malay (IPAQ-M), in T2DM patients (the most common type of diabetes mellitus patients). This study was conducted using a randomized, double-blind design and grouped subjects under two research conditions: an experimental group given Brain Breaks videos and a control group. Purposive sampling was employed to recruit 70 T2DM patients (male = 39, female = 31) with the mean age of 57.6 (SD = 8.5) from Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan. Over a four-month period, the participants in the experimental group were asked to perform PA daily based on a Brain Breaks video (10 min in duration) that was shared through a WhatsApp group. All participants from both groups answered the PALMS-M questionnaire five times: pre-intervention, the end of the first month, second month, and third month, and post-intervention. A repeated measure multivariate analysis of variance and a repeated measure analysis of variance were performed for the analyses of the data. The results demonstrated that four (appearance, others’ expectations, physical condition, and mastery) out of eight motives for PA produced a significant mean score difference between the two study groups. All eight motives for PA showed an upward trend for the experimental group during the study period, while the control group showed a downward trend for all motives during the study period. As for the amount of PA, both groups showed significant differences (p = 0.001). The amount of PA increased in the experimental group during the study period, while it decreased in the control group. Therefore, Brain Breaks videos can be considered as an effective intervention for motivating T2DM patients for PA and improving their amount of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizuddin Hidrus
- Unit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; (A.H.); (B.N.)
- Community and Family Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Yee Cheng Kueh
- Unit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; (A.H.); (B.N.)
- Correspondence: (Y.C.K.); (G.K.)
| | - Bachok Norsaádah
- Unit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; (A.H.); (B.N.)
| | - Yu-Kai Chang
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 24449, Taiwan; (Y.-K.C.); (T.-M.H.)
- Institute of Research Excellence in Learning Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 24449, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Min Hung
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 24449, Taiwan; (Y.-K.C.); (T.-M.H.)
- Institute of Research Excellence in Learning Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 24449, Taiwan
| | - Nyi Nyi Naing
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Medical Campus, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia;
| | - Garry Kuan
- Exercise and Sports Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University, London UB8 3PH, UK
- Correspondence: (Y.C.K.); (G.K.)
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Kohn JC, Bordeleau F, Miller J, Watkins HC, Modi S, Ma J, Azar J, Putnam D, Reinhart-King CA. Beneficial Effects of Exercise on Subendothelial Matrix Stiffness are Short-Lived. J Biomech Eng 2019; 140:2675127. [PMID: 29560498 DOI: 10.1115/1.4039579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic exercise helps to maintain cardiovascular health in part by mitigating age-induced arterial stiffening. However, the long-term effects of exercise regimens on aortic stiffness remain unknown, especially in the intimal extracellular matrix layer known as the subendothelial matrix. To examine how the stiffness of the subendothelial matrix changes following exercise cessation, mice were exposed to an 8 week swimming regimen followed by an 8 week sedentary rest period. Whole vessel and subendothelial matrix stiffness were measured after both the exercise and rest periods. After swimming, whole vessel and subendothelial matrix stiffness decreased, and after 8 weeks of rest, these values returned to baseline. Within the same time frame, the collagen content in the intima layer and the presence of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the whole vessel were also affected by the exercise and the rest periods. Overall, our data indicate that consistent exercise is necessary for maintaining compliance in the subendothelial matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie C Kohn
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 e-mail:
| | - François Bordeleau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Engineering and Science Building, Nashville, TN 351631 e-mail:
| | - Joseph Miller
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 e-mail:
| | - Hannah C Watkins
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 e-mail:
| | - Shweta Modi
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 e-mail:
| | - Jenny Ma
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 e-mail:
| | - Julian Azar
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 e-mail:
| | - David Putnam
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853.,Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, , Ithaca, NY 14853 e-mail:
| | - Cynthia A Reinhart-King
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853.,Cornelius Vanderbilt Professor of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Mailbox PMB 351631, 440 Engineering and Science Building, Nashville, TN 351631 e-mails:
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Borjesson M, Dellborg M, Niebauer J, LaGerche A, Schmied C, Solberg EE, Halle M, Adami PE, Biffi A, Carré F, Caselli S, Papadakis M, Pressler A, Rasmusen H, Serratosa L, Sharma S, van Buuren F, Pelliccia A. Brief recommendations for participation in leisure time or competitive sports in athletes-patients with coronary artery disease: Summary of a Position Statement from the Sports Cardiology Section of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC). Eur J Prev Cardiol 2019; 27:770-776. [PMID: 31514519 DOI: 10.1177/2047487319876186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a brief summary of the recommendations from the Sports Cardiology section of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC) on sports-participation in patients with coronary artery disease, coronary artery anomalies or spontaneous dissection of the coronary arteries, all entities being associated with myocardial ischaemia.1 Given the wealth of evidence supporting the benefits of exercise for primary and secondary prevention of coronary artery disease, individuals should be restricted from competitive sport only when a substantial risk of adverse event or disease progression is present. These recommendations aim to encourage regular physical activity including participation in sports and, with reasonable precaution, ensure a high level of safety for all individuals with coronary artery disease. The present document is based on available current evidence, but in most instances because of lack of evidence, also on clinical experience and expert opinion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Borjesson
- Centre for Health and Performance (CHP), Department of Food, Nutrition and Sport Sciences, Gothenburg University, Sweden.,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Dellborg
- Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Josef Niebauer
- University Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Andre LaGerche
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christian Schmied
- Kardiologisches Ambulatorium, Sportmedizin/Sportkardiologie, Universitäres Herzzentrum Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Erik E Solberg
- Department of Medicine, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Halle
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, University Hospital' Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, ESC/EAPC Certified Centre for Sports Cardiology, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany
| | - Paolo Emilio Adami
- Institute for Sports Medicine and Science, Italian Olympic Committee, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Biffi
- Institute for Sports Medicine and Science, Italian Olympic Committee, Rome, Italy
| | - Francois Carré
- Sport Medicine Department-Rennes University Hospital, LTSI INSERM UMR 1099, France
| | - Stefano Caselli
- Institute for Sports Medicine and Science, Italian Olympic Committee, Rome, Italy.,Ospedale San Pietro Fatebenefratelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael Papadakis
- Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, St George's, University of London, UK
| | - Axel Pressler
- Centre for General, Sports and Preventive Cardiology, Munich, Germany.,Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Hanne Rasmusen
- Department of Cardiology, Bisbebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luis Serratosa
- Hospital Universitario Quironsalud Madrid, Spain.,Ripoll y De Prado Sport Clinic, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sanjay Sharma
- Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, St George's, University of London, UK
| | - Frank van Buuren
- Catholic Hospital Southwestfalia, St. Martinus-Hospital Olpe, Germany
| | - Antonio Pelliccia
- Institute for Sports Medicine and Science, Italian Olympic Committee, Rome, Italy
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Work Fatigue in a Non-Deployed Military Setting: Assessment, Prevalence, Predictors, and Outcomes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16162892. [PMID: 31412599 PMCID: PMC6721391 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16162892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Although work fatigue represents an important issue among military personnel in combat settings, little attention has been paid to work fatigue in the non-deployed setting. This issue was addressed by (a) validating the Three-Dimensional Work Fatigue Inventory (3D-WFI) among non-deployed military personnel, (b) assessing the prevalence of work fatigue in a non-deployed setting, and (c) exploring several potential predictors and outcomes of work fatigue in this setting. Data came from a large national probability sample (N = 1375) of non-deployed Royal Canadian Air Force military personnel. Results demonstrated that the 3D-WFI provided a psychometrically sound assessment of physical, mental, and emotional work fatigue among military personnel, which was invariant across sex, age, military component, and military role. All three types of work fatigue were highly prevalent among military personnel in a non-deployed setting. In terms of predictors, job demands were positively associated, and distributive justice, perceived organizational support, physical activity and sleep quality were negatively associated with each type of work fatigue, whereas role ambiguity was positively associated with mental and emotional work fatigue, and interpersonal justice was negatively associated with physical and emotional fatigue. Abusive supervision and sleep quantity were unrelated to work fatigue. In terms of outcomes, the three types of fatigue were positively associated with workplace cognitive failures and work-to-family conflict. In contrast, mental and emotional work fatigue were negatively related to military morale and positively associated with turnover intentions. This study demonstrates that work fatigue is a critical issue among military personnel in non-deployed settings, and an essential issue for military policy development.
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Lee SR, Jo E, Khamoui AV. Chronic Fish Oil Consumption with Resistance Training Improves Grip Strength, Physical Function, and Blood Pressure in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:sports7070167. [PMID: 31323951 PMCID: PMC6680896 DOI: 10.3390/sports7070167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish oil (FO) has received great attention for its health-enhancing properties. However, its potential synergistic effects with resistance training (RT) are not well established. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of FO supplementation during 12-weeks of RT on handgrip strength, physical function, and blood pressure (BP) in community-dwelling older adults. Twenty-eight healthy older adults (10 males, 18 females; 66.5 ± 5.0 years) were randomly assigned to three groups: Control (CON), resistance training (RT), resistance training with FO (RTFO). Handgrip strength, physical function [five times sit-to-stand (5T-STS), timed up and go (TUG), 6-m walk (6MW), 30-s sit-to-stand (30S-STS)], and BP were measured pre- and post-intervention. ANOVA was used with significance set at P ≤ 0.05. Handgrip strength significantly increased in RT (+5.3%) and RTFO (+9.4%) but decreased in CON (−3.9%). All physical function outcomes increased in RT and RTFO. CON exhibited significantly decreased TUG and 30S-STS with no change in 5T-STS and 6MW. BP substantially decreased only in RTFO, systolic blood pressure (−7.8 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (−4.5 mmHg), mean arterial pressure (−5.6 mmHg), while no change was found in CON and RT. Chronic RT enhanced strength and physical function, while FO consumption combined with RT improved BP in community-dwelling older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Rok Lee
- Department of Kinesiology and Dance, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.
| | - Edward Jo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA 91768, USA
| | - Andy V Khamoui
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
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Honegger U, Walter JE, Mueller D, Puelacher C, Schaerli N, Twerenbold R, Badertscher P, Boeddinghaus J, Nestelberger T, du Fay de Lavallaz J, Wussler D, Pfister O, Jeger R, Kaiser C, Wild D, Schmidt-Trucksäss A, Reichlin T, Mueller C. Prevalence and determinants of exercise-induced left ventricular dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2019; 49:e13112. [PMID: 30925205 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phenomenon of exercise-induced left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) is incompletely understood. Better understanding of its prevalence and determinants might help to address the current potential oversimplification of the relation between physical activity and cardiac health in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS We prospectively assessed the prevalence and determinants of exercise-induced LVD in patients with stable CAD and normal LV function at rest undergoing bicycle rest/stress myocardial perfusion imaging single-photon emission computed tomography (MPI-SPECT). Exercise-induced LVD was defined as a relevant (5% or more) drop in left ventricular ejection fraction after maximal exercise. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin I/T (Hs-cTnI/T) and N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentrations were measured before exercise to quantify cardiomyocyte injury and hemodynamic cardiac stress, respectively. RESULTS Among 317 patients, exercise-induced LVD was present in 83 (26%) patients. Exercise-induced LVD was associated with the extent of exercise-inducible myocardial ischaemia as well as transient ischaemic dilatation. Still, 43% of patients developing exercise-induced LVD did not have functionally relevant CAD. Neither baseline characteristics, nor the quantification of the extent of cardiomyocyte injury and hemodynamic cardiac stress using hs-cTnI/T and NT-proBNP concentrations, respectively, allowed predicting exercise-induced LVD. CONCLUSION One out of four patients with stable CAD develops exercise-induced LVD after bicycle exercise test. While the extent of exercise-inducible myocardial ischaemia is a predictor, other still unrecognized mechanisms also seem to play a major role, as nearly half of all patients with exercise-induced LVD do not have functionally relevant CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursina Honegger
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joan E Walter
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Mueller
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Puelacher
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Schaerli
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Twerenbold
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Badertscher
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jasper Boeddinghaus
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Nestelberger
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jeanne du Fay de Lavallaz
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Desiree Wussler
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Otmar Pfister
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raban Jeger
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Kaiser
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Damian Wild
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Tobias Reichlin
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Mueller
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Moldovan O, Deak B, Bian A, Gurzau D, Frangu F, Martis A, Caloian B, Comsa H, Cismaru G, Pop D. How do I track Cardiac Rehabilitation in my patient with ischemic heart disease using Strava. BALNEO RESEARCH JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.12680/balneo.2019.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Cardiac rehabilitation is a program which reduces morbidity and mortality in patients with ischemic heart disease. However only some European centers provide these programs for patients diagnosed with cardiac ischemia. Therefore home-based programs were developed for cardiac rehabilitation. Strava is a social network developed to track activities of running and cycling both in athletes and individuals searching for recreation and sport activities. In our work we present an approach based on Strava tracking to improve the quality of cardiac rehabilitation. Real-time monitoring of heart rate, steps per minute and speed during recreational or competitive activities can be used to increase physical capacity in individuals with ischemic heart disease.
Key words: cardiac rehabilitation, Strava, ischemic heart disease, home-based,
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Moldovan
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiac Rehabilitation, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Balasz Deak
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiac Rehabilitation, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alin Bian
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiac Rehabilitation, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Gurzau
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiac Rehabilitation, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Florina Frangu
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiac Rehabilitation, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandru Martis
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiac Rehabilitation, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bogdan Caloian
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiac Rehabilitation, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Horatiu Comsa
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiac Rehabilitation, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriel Cismaru
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiac Rehabilitation, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana Pop
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiac Rehabilitation, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Randomized Controlled Trial of the SystemCHANGE Intervention on Behaviors Related to Cardiovascular Risk in HIV+ Adults. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2019; 78:23-33. [PMID: 29373392 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000001635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of a lifestyle behavior intervention (SystemCHANGE) on physical activity and diet quality among sedentary people living with HIV (PLHIV). All participants expressed a desire to improve lifestyle health behaviors. METHODS One hundred and seven HIV+ adults were randomized to either the intervention (6, in-person, standardized group sessions focusing on improving lifestyle behaviors) or a control condition (general advice on AHA diet and exercise guidelines). All participants wore an ActiGraph accelerometer and completed 24-hour dietary recalls at baseline, 3, and 6 months. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine intervention effects. The primary activity outcome was time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and the primary dietary outcome was Healthy Eating Index. RESULTS Mean age was 53 years, 65% were male, and 86% African American. Approximately 90% attended at least half of the sessions and 60% attended 5 or more sessions. The intervention did not significantly improve our primary lifestyle behavior endpoints (P ≥ 0.05); however, intervention participants consumed fewer carbohydrates-primarily sugar-sweetened beverages-per day and lost 0.732 kg body weight compared with a 0.153 weight gain in the control group (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Among sedentary PLHIV at high risk of cardiovascular disease, the SystemCHANGE intervention reduced daily carbohydrate intake and body weight, but did not increase physical activity or improve overall diet quality. Future work should identify fundamental personal, interpersonal, and contextual factors that will increase physical activity and improve overall diet quality among this population, and integrate these factors into tailored, lifestyle interventions for aging PLHIV.
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Joo HY, Park JY, Rhyu HS. Effects of the senior welfare center exercise program on body shape, physical fitness level, and cardiovascular health-related factors in old man from Korean rural areas. J Exerc Rehabil 2019; 15:282-286. [PMID: 31111014 PMCID: PMC6509462 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1938072.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in body shape, physical fitness, and cardiovascular health-related factors after a 1-year combined exercise program in rural old men. Subjects were fourteen old men with more than 65 years of age living in Korean rural areas. The combined exercise program consisted of 90-min dynamic and static exercise sessions at a frequency of 3 days per week. Body shape (body weight [BW], body fat percentage [%BF], muscle mass [MM], body mass index [BMI], waist hip ratio [WHR]) and physical fitness levels (grip strength, standing up-right, one leg standing, sit and reach, and 2-min walking) were measured before, 6 months and 1 year after the program started. Cardiovascular health-related factors, including blood glucose, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and triglyceride (TG) were measured. There were no significant changes in BW, BMI, %BF, and MM after the training. WHR was significantly decreased at 6 months and 1-year follow-up points compared to baseline. There was no statistically significant difference in grip strength, but there was a significant increase after 6 months and 1 year after standing up right, one leg standing, sit and reach, and 2-min walking tests. There were no significant differences in the levels of glucose, SBP, DBP, TC, LDL-c, and TG, but there was a significant increase in HDL-c after 1-year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hey-Young Joo
- Department of Sports Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Joon-Young Park
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Public Health & Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hyun-Seung Rhyu
- Department of Physical Education, Jungwon University, Goesan, Korea
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The association between physical activity and cardiac performance is dependent on age: the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 35:1249-1258. [PMID: 30825135 PMCID: PMC6598956 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-019-01566-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to test the hypothesis that regular physical activity is associated with improved cardiac function measured by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in the general population. Within a large prospective community-based population study, cardiac function was assessed in 2221 persons by TDI. Longitudinal displacement (LD), early diastolic velocity (e'), and myocardial performance index (MPI) was obtained by TDI. Linear univariable and multivariable regression analyses were performed in relation to age groups (< 50 years, 50-65 years, > 65 years) and self-reported level of physical activity: I (inactivity), II (light activity), III (moderate activity), and IV (high-level activity). Participants < 50 years in the most active group had significantly better cardiac performance when compared to all other activity levels (higher levels of e', LD, and lower levels of MPI). The findings remained with statistical significance after adjustment for sex, ischemic heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, and body mass index (e' = 11.0, 95% CI (10.4-11.6), p < 0.001; LD = 12.8 (12.3-13.4), p < 0.003; MPI: 0.40 (0.38-0.42), p = 0.02). In age > 65 years, there was a tendency of impaired cardiac function in higher levels of exercise. Interaction analysis revealed that age significantly modified the association between physical activity and cardiac function (p < 0.001). We found a positive association between higher level of physical activity and improved cardiac function in younger persons (< 50 years). In the general population, however, the association interacted with age and amongst persons above 65 years there was a negative association between higher level of physical activity and cardiac function.
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