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Chakraborty P, Po SS, Scherlag BJ, Dasari TW. The neurometabolic axis: A novel therapeutic target in heart failure. Life Sci 2023; 333:122122. [PMID: 37774940 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal cardiac metabolism or cardiac metabolic remodeling is reported before the onset of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and is known to trigger and maintain the mechanical dysfunction and electrical, and structural abnormalities of the ventricle. A dysregulated cardiac autonomic tone characterized by sympathetic overdrive with blunted parasympathetic activation is another pathophysiological hallmark of HF. Emerging evidence suggests a link between autonomic nervous system activity and cardiac metabolism. Chronic β-adrenergic activation promotes maladaptive metabolic remodeling whereas cholinergic activation attenuates the metabolic aberrations through favorable modulation of key metabolic regulatory molecules. Restoration of sympathovagal balance by neuromodulation strategies is emerging as a novel nonpharmacological treatment strategy in HF. The current review attempts to evaluate the 'neuro-metabolic axis' in HFrEF and whether neuromodulation can mitigate the adverse metabolic remodeling in HFrEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praloy Chakraborty
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Rhythm Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sunny S Po
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Rhythm Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Benjamin J Scherlag
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Rhythm Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Tarun W Dasari
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Rhythm Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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2
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Cohen F, Yuan H. Role of Atogepant in the Treatment of Episodic Migraines: Clinical Perspectives and Considerations. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2022; 18:447-456. [PMID: 35493707 PMCID: PMC9043257 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s348724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in molecular biology and neuroscience have led to the discovery of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a 37 amino-acid neuropeptide that plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of migraine. CGRP receptor antagonist, also known as gepant, is an oral medication that inhibits the CGRP-related nociceptive signaling pathway. To date, three gepants are approved by the FDA for migraine treatment. Atogepant is a 2nd-generation gepant that non-competitively antagonizes CGRP receptors inhibiting neurogenic inflammation and pain sensitization. With its long half-life and minimal cardiovascular or liver toxicity, it is the first in its class approved primarily for migraine prevention. This article will discuss the evidence, safety, and rationale of atogepant for use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Cohen
- Jefferson Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Hsiangkuo Yuan
- Jefferson Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
- Correspondence: Hsiangkuo Yuan, Jefferson Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut St. Suite 200, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA, Tel +1 215-955-2243, Fax +1 215-955-2060, Email
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Argunhan F, Brain SD. The Vascular-Dependent and -Independent Actions of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide in Cardiovascular Disease. Front Physiol 2022; 13:833645. [PMID: 35283798 PMCID: PMC8914086 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.833645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of hypertension and heart failure remains a major challenge to healthcare providers. Despite therapeutic advances, heart failure affects more than 26 million people worldwide and is increasing in prevalence due to an ageing population. Similarly, despite an improvement in blood pressure management, largely due to pharmacological interventions, hypertension remains a silent killer. This is in part due to its ability to contribute to heart failure. Development of novel therapies will likely be at the forefront of future cardiovascular studies to address these unmet needs. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a 37 amino acid potent vasodilator with positive-ionotropic and -chronotropic effects. It has been reported to have beneficial effects in hypertensive and heart failure patients. Interestingly, changes in plasma CGRP concentration in patients after myocardial infarction, heart failure, and in some forms of hypertension, also support a role for CGRP on hemodynamic functions. Rodent studies have played an important role thus far in delineating mechanisms involved in CGRP-induced cardioprotection. However, due to the short plasma half-life of CGRP, these well documented beneficial effects have often proven to be acute and transient. Recent development of longer lasting CGRP agonists may therefore offer a practical solution to investigating CGRP further in cardiovascular disease in vivo. Furthermore, pre-clinical murine studies have hinted at the prospect of cardioprotective mechanisms of CGRP which is independent of its hypotensive effect. Here, we discuss past and present evidence of vascular-dependent and -independent processes by which CGRP could protect the vasculature and myocardium against cardiovascular dysfunction.
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Huang YQ, Jin HF, Zhang H, Tang CS, Du JB. Interaction among Hydrogen Sulfide and Other Gasotransmitters in Mammalian Physiology and Pathophysiology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1315:205-236. [PMID: 34302694 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-0991-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) were previously considered as toxic gases, but now they are found to be members of mammalian gasotransmitters family. Both H2S and SO2 are endogenously produced in sulfur-containing amino acid metabolic pathway in vivo. The enzymes catalyzing the formation of H2S are mainly CBS, CSE, and 3-MST, and the key enzymes for SO2 production are AAT1 and AAT2. Endogenous NO is produced from L-arginine under catalysis of three isoforms of NOS (eNOS, iNOS, and nNOS). HO-mediated heme catabolism is the main source of endogenous CO. These four gasotransmitters play important physiological and pathophysiological roles in mammalian cardiovascular, nervous, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and immune systems. The similarity among these four gasotransmitters can be seen from the same and/or shared signals. With many studies on the biological effects of gasotransmitters on multiple systems, the interaction among H2S and other gasotransmitters has been gradually explored. H2S not only interacts with NO to form nitroxyl (HNO), but also regulates the HO/CO and AAT/SO2 pathways. Here, we review the biosynthesis and metabolism of the gasotransmitters in mammals, as well as the known complicated interactions among H2S and other gasotransmitters (NO, CO, and SO2) and their effects on various aspects of cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology, such as vascular tension, angiogenesis, heart contractility, and cardiac protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qian Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Fang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao-Shu Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Bao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Sun HJ, Wu ZY, Cao L, Zhu MY, Nie XW, Huang DJ, Sun MT, Bian JS. Role of nitroxyl (HNO) in cardiovascular system: From biochemistry to pharmacology. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104961. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Plouffe B, Thomsen ARB, Irannejad R. Emerging Role of Compartmentalized G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling in the Cardiovascular Field. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:221-236. [PMID: 32296764 PMCID: PMC7155194 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are cell surface receptors that for many years have been considered to function exclusively at the plasma membrane, where they bind to extracellular ligands and activate G protein signaling cascades. According to the conventional model, these signaling events are rapidly terminated by β-arrestin (β-arr) recruitment to the activated GPCR resulting in signal desensitization and receptor internalization. However, during the past decade, emerging evidence suggest that many GPCRs can continue to activate G proteins from intracellular compartments after they have been internalized. G protein signaling from intracellular compartments is in general more sustained compared to G protein signaling at the plasma membrane. Notably, the particular location closer to the nucleus is beneficial for selective cellular functions such as regulation of gene transcription. Here, we review key GPCRs that undergo compartmentalized G protein signaling and discuss molecular considerations and requirements for this signaling to occur. Our main focus will be on receptors involved in the regulation of important physiological and pathological cardiovascular functions. We also discuss how sustained G protein activation from intracellular compartments may be involved in cellular functions that are distinct from functions regulated by plasma membrane G protein signaling, and the corresponding significance in cardiovascular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Plouffe
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Alex R B Thomsen
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Roshanak Irannejad
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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Kee Z, Kodji X, Brain SD. The Role of Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (CGRP) in Neurogenic Vasodilation and Its Cardioprotective Effects. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1249. [PMID: 30283343 PMCID: PMC6156372 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a highly potent vasoactive peptide released from sensory nerves, which is now proposed to have protective effects in several cardiovascular diseases. The major α-form is produced from alternate splicing and processing of the calcitonin gene. The CGRP receptor is a complex composed of calcitonin like receptor (CLR) and a single transmembrane protein, RAMP1. CGRP is a potent vasodilator and proposed to have protective effects in several cardiovascular diseases. CGRP has a proven role in migraine and selective antagonists and antibodies are now reaching the clinic for treatment of migraine. These clinical trials with antagonists and antibodies indicate that CGRP does not play an obvious role in the physiological control of human blood pressure. This review discusses the vasodilator and hypotensive effects of CGRP and the role of CGRP in mediating cardioprotective effects in various cardiovascular models and disorders. In models of hypertension, CGRP protects against the onset and progression of hypertensive states by potentially counteracting against the pro-hypertensive systems such as the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and the sympathetic system. With regards to its cardioprotective effects in conditions such as heart failure and ischaemia, CGRP-containing nerves innervate throughout cardiac tissue and the vasculature, where evidence shows this peptide alleviates various aspects of their pathophysiology, including cardiac hypertrophy, reperfusion injury, cardiac inflammation, and apoptosis. Hence, CGRP has been suggested as a cardioprotective, endogenous mediator released under stress to help preserve cardiovascular function. With the recent developments of various CGRP-targeted pharmacotherapies, in the form of CGRP antibodies/antagonists as well as a CGRP analog, this review provides a summary and a discussion of the most recent basic science and clinical findings, initiating a discussion on the future of CGRP as a novel target in various cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizheng Kee
- Section of Vascular Biology & Inflammation, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Research, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xenia Kodji
- Section of Vascular Biology & Inflammation, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Research, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan D Brain
- Section of Vascular Biology & Inflammation, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Research, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Pinkney AMH, Lemmey HAL, Dora KA, Garland CJ. Vasorelaxation to the Nitroxyl Donor Isopropylamine NONOate in Resistance Arteries Does Not Require Perivascular Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide. Hypertension 2017; 70:HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.09737. [PMID: 28760938 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitroxyl (HNO) donors offer considerable therapeutic potential for the treatment of hypertension-related cardiovascular disorders, particularly heart failure, as they combine an inotropic action with peripheral vasodilation. Angeli's salt is the only HNO donor whose mechanism has been studied in depth, and recently, Angeli's salt vasodilation was suggested to be indirect and caused by calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) released from perivascular nerves after HNO activates TRPA1 (transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1) channels. We investigated resistance artery vasorelaxation to the HNO donor, isopropylamine NONOate (IPA/NO), one of the structures providing a template for therapeutic development. Wire myography in combination with measurements of smooth muscle membrane potential was used to characterize the effect of IPA/NO in mesenteric resistance arteries. Immunohistochemistry was assessed in pressurized arteries. IPA/NO concentration dependently hyperpolarized and relaxed arteries precontracted with the α1-adrenoreceptor agonist, phenylephrine. These effects were blocked by the soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor, ODQ (1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one) but not by the KATP channel inhibitor, glibenclamide. Vasorelaxation persisted in the presence of raised [K+]o, used to block hyperpolarization, capsaicin to deplete perivascular CGRP, or HC030031 (2-(1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-7H-purin-7-yl)-N-(4 isopropylphenyl) acetamide) to block TRPA1 receptors. Without preconstriction, hyperpolarization to IPA/NO was suppressed by glibenclamide, capsaicin, or HC030031. Hyperpolarization but not vasorelaxation to exogenous CGRP was inhibited with glibenclamide. Thus, vascular hyperpolarization is not necessary for vasorelaxation to the HNO donor IPA/NO, even though both effects are cGMP dependent. The reduced hyperpolarization after depletion of perivascular CGRP or block of TRPA1 receptors indicates some release of CGRP, but this does not contribute to HNO vasorelaxation. Therefore, HNO-TRPA1-CGRP signaling does not seem important for vasodilation to IPA/NO in resistance arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice M H Pinkney
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hamish A L Lemmey
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kim A Dora
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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Aubdool AA, Thakore P, Argunhan F, Smillie SJ, Schnelle M, Srivastava S, Alawi KM, Wilde E, Mitchell J, Farrell-Dillon K, Richards DA, Maltese G, Siow RC, Nandi M, Clark JE, Shah AM, Sams A, Brain SD. A Novel α-Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Analogue Protects Against End-Organ Damage in Experimental Hypertension, Cardiac Hypertrophy, and Heart Failure. Circulation 2017; 136:367-383. [PMID: 28446517 PMCID: PMC5519346 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.028388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Research into the therapeutic potential of α-calcitonin gene–related peptide (α-CGRP) has been limited because of its peptide nature and short half-life. Here, we evaluate whether a novel potent and long-lasting (t½ ≥7 hours) acylated α-CGRP analogue (αAnalogue) could alleviate and reverse cardiovascular disease in 2 distinct murine models of hypertension and heart failure in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisah A Aubdool
- From Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.A.A., F.A., S.-J.S., S.S., K.M.A., E.W., J.M., K.F.-D., G.M., R.C.S., S.D.B.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (P.T., M.N.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.S., D.A.R., A.M.S.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Medical Center Goettingen, Germany (M.S.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.E.C.); Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetic Complications Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (A.S.); and Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.S.)
| | - Pratish Thakore
- From Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.A.A., F.A., S.-J.S., S.S., K.M.A., E.W., J.M., K.F.-D., G.M., R.C.S., S.D.B.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (P.T., M.N.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.S., D.A.R., A.M.S.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Medical Center Goettingen, Germany (M.S.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.E.C.); Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetic Complications Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (A.S.); and Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.S.)
| | - Fulye Argunhan
- From Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.A.A., F.A., S.-J.S., S.S., K.M.A., E.W., J.M., K.F.-D., G.M., R.C.S., S.D.B.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (P.T., M.N.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.S., D.A.R., A.M.S.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Medical Center Goettingen, Germany (M.S.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.E.C.); Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetic Complications Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (A.S.); and Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.S.)
| | - Sarah-Jane Smillie
- From Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.A.A., F.A., S.-J.S., S.S., K.M.A., E.W., J.M., K.F.-D., G.M., R.C.S., S.D.B.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (P.T., M.N.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.S., D.A.R., A.M.S.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Medical Center Goettingen, Germany (M.S.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.E.C.); Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetic Complications Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (A.S.); and Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.S.)
| | - Moritz Schnelle
- From Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.A.A., F.A., S.-J.S., S.S., K.M.A., E.W., J.M., K.F.-D., G.M., R.C.S., S.D.B.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (P.T., M.N.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.S., D.A.R., A.M.S.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Medical Center Goettingen, Germany (M.S.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.E.C.); Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetic Complications Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (A.S.); and Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.S.)
| | - Salil Srivastava
- From Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.A.A., F.A., S.-J.S., S.S., K.M.A., E.W., J.M., K.F.-D., G.M., R.C.S., S.D.B.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (P.T., M.N.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.S., D.A.R., A.M.S.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Medical Center Goettingen, Germany (M.S.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.E.C.); Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetic Complications Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (A.S.); and Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.S.)
| | - Khadija M Alawi
- From Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.A.A., F.A., S.-J.S., S.S., K.M.A., E.W., J.M., K.F.-D., G.M., R.C.S., S.D.B.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (P.T., M.N.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.S., D.A.R., A.M.S.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Medical Center Goettingen, Germany (M.S.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.E.C.); Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetic Complications Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (A.S.); and Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.S.)
| | - Elena Wilde
- From Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.A.A., F.A., S.-J.S., S.S., K.M.A., E.W., J.M., K.F.-D., G.M., R.C.S., S.D.B.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (P.T., M.N.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.S., D.A.R., A.M.S.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Medical Center Goettingen, Germany (M.S.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.E.C.); Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetic Complications Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (A.S.); and Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.S.)
| | - Jennifer Mitchell
- From Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.A.A., F.A., S.-J.S., S.S., K.M.A., E.W., J.M., K.F.-D., G.M., R.C.S., S.D.B.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (P.T., M.N.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.S., D.A.R., A.M.S.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Medical Center Goettingen, Germany (M.S.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.E.C.); Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetic Complications Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (A.S.); and Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.S.)
| | - Keith Farrell-Dillon
- From Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.A.A., F.A., S.-J.S., S.S., K.M.A., E.W., J.M., K.F.-D., G.M., R.C.S., S.D.B.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (P.T., M.N.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.S., D.A.R., A.M.S.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Medical Center Goettingen, Germany (M.S.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.E.C.); Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetic Complications Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (A.S.); and Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.S.)
| | - Daniel A Richards
- From Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.A.A., F.A., S.-J.S., S.S., K.M.A., E.W., J.M., K.F.-D., G.M., R.C.S., S.D.B.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (P.T., M.N.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.S., D.A.R., A.M.S.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Medical Center Goettingen, Germany (M.S.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.E.C.); Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetic Complications Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (A.S.); and Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Maltese
- From Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.A.A., F.A., S.-J.S., S.S., K.M.A., E.W., J.M., K.F.-D., G.M., R.C.S., S.D.B.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (P.T., M.N.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.S., D.A.R., A.M.S.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Medical Center Goettingen, Germany (M.S.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.E.C.); Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetic Complications Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (A.S.); and Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.S.)
| | - Richard C Siow
- From Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.A.A., F.A., S.-J.S., S.S., K.M.A., E.W., J.M., K.F.-D., G.M., R.C.S., S.D.B.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (P.T., M.N.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.S., D.A.R., A.M.S.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Medical Center Goettingen, Germany (M.S.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.E.C.); Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetic Complications Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (A.S.); and Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.S.)
| | - Manasi Nandi
- From Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.A.A., F.A., S.-J.S., S.S., K.M.A., E.W., J.M., K.F.-D., G.M., R.C.S., S.D.B.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (P.T., M.N.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.S., D.A.R., A.M.S.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Medical Center Goettingen, Germany (M.S.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.E.C.); Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetic Complications Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (A.S.); and Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.S.)
| | - James E Clark
- From Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.A.A., F.A., S.-J.S., S.S., K.M.A., E.W., J.M., K.F.-D., G.M., R.C.S., S.D.B.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (P.T., M.N.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.S., D.A.R., A.M.S.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Medical Center Goettingen, Germany (M.S.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.E.C.); Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetic Complications Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (A.S.); and Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.S.)
| | - Ajay M Shah
- From Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.A.A., F.A., S.-J.S., S.S., K.M.A., E.W., J.M., K.F.-D., G.M., R.C.S., S.D.B.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (P.T., M.N.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.S., D.A.R., A.M.S.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Medical Center Goettingen, Germany (M.S.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.E.C.); Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetic Complications Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (A.S.); and Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.S.)
| | - Anette Sams
- From Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.A.A., F.A., S.-J.S., S.S., K.M.A., E.W., J.M., K.F.-D., G.M., R.C.S., S.D.B.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (P.T., M.N.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.S., D.A.R., A.M.S.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Medical Center Goettingen, Germany (M.S.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.E.C.); Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetic Complications Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (A.S.); and Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.S.)
| | - Susan D Brain
- From Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, King's College London, United Kingdom (A.A.A., F.A., S.-J.S., S.S., K.M.A., E.W., J.M., K.F.-D., G.M., R.C.S., S.D.B.); Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (P.T., M.N.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.S., D.A.R., A.M.S.); Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Medical Center Goettingen, Germany (M.S.); Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom (J.E.C.); Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetic Complications Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (A.S.); and Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.S.).
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12
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Lynch JJ, Van Vleet TR, Mittelstadt SW, Blomme EAG. Potential functional and pathological side effects related to off-target pharmacological activity. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2017; 87:108-126. [PMID: 28216264 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Most pharmaceutical companies test their discovery-stage proprietary molecules in a battery of in vitro pharmacology assays to try to determine off-target interactions. During all phases of drug discovery and development, various questions arise regarding potential side effects associated with such off-target pharmacological activity. Here we present a scientific literature curation effort undertaken to determine and summarize the most likely functional and pathological outcomes associated with interactions at 70 receptors, enzymes, ion channels and transporters with established links to adverse effects. To that end, the scientific literature was reviewed using an on-line database, and the most commonly reported effects were summarized in tabular format. The resultant table should serve as a practical guide for research scientists and clinical investigators for the prediction and interpretation of adverse side effects associated with molecules interacting with components of this screening battery.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Lynch
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | | | | | - Eric A G Blomme
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
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13
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Kemp-Harper BK, Horowitz JD, Ritchie RH. Therapeutic Potential of Nitroxyl (HNO) Donors in the Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure. Drugs 2016; 76:1337-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s40265-016-0631-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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14
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Preservation of CGRP in myocardium attenuates development of cardiac dysfunction in diabetic rats. Int J Cardiol 2016; 220:226-34. [PMID: 27389446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.06.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays an important role in cardiovascular regulation, which was found reduced in serum of diabetic patients. To test the hypothesis that lack of CGRP in myocardium is associated with diabetic cardiac dysfunction, which may be improved by preservation of CGRP in diabetic rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by streptozotocin (50mg/kg). Two groups of the diabetic rats, one fed with standard laboratory chew and another with the laboratory food plus hot pepper (containing 0.0174% of capsaicin), to stimulate production and release of CGRP. Cardiac functions were evaluated by measurements of intraventricular pressures after 8weeks of development of diabetes. Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), CGRP, β1-adreneregic receptor and norepinephrine were analyzed. Significantly lower levels of TRPV1 and CGRP were detected in the thoracic dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and myocardium of the diabetic animals, along with significant decline in left ventricular systolic pressure (by 24%) and heart rate (by 25%) and increase of the end-diastolic pressure (by 83%) with obvious reduction of CGRP in the DRG, by 41%, the myocardium (by 30%) and the serum (by 20%). The cardiac performance, the TRPV1 and the CGRP in the diabetic animals fed with hot pepper were well preserved. No any significant change in β1-adreneregic receptor and norepinephrine was detected. CONCLUSION The findings may suggest a novel mechanism underlying diabetic cardiac dysfunctions via impairing TRPV1-CGRP pathway in myocardium. Preservation of the TRPV1-CGRP mechanism may prevent the development of cardiac dysfunction in diabetes.
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15
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HNO/Thiol Biology as a Therapeutic Target. OXIDATIVE STRESS IN APPLIED BASIC RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-30705-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Interaction of Hydrogen Sulfide with Nitric Oxide in the Cardiovascular System. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:6904327. [PMID: 26640616 PMCID: PMC4657111 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6904327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Historically acknowledged as toxic gases, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO) are now recognized as the predominant members of a new family of signaling molecules, “gasotransmitters” in mammals. While H2S is biosynthesized by three constitutively expressed enzymes (CBS, CSE, and 3-MST) from L-cysteine and homocysteine, NO is generated endogenously from L-arginine by the action of various isoforms of NOS. Both gases have been transpired as the key and independent regulators of many physiological functions in mammalian cardiovascular, nervous, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and immune systems. The analogy between these two gasotransmitters is evident not only from their paracrine mode of signaling, but also from the identical and/or shared signaling transduction pathways. With the plethora of research in the pathophysiological role of gasotransmitters in various systems, the existence of interplay between these gases is being widely accepted. Chemical interaction between NO and H2S may generate nitroxyl (HNO), which plays a specific effective role within the cardiovascular system. In this review article, we have attempted to provide current understanding of the individual and interactive roles of H2S and NO signaling in mammalian cardiovascular system, focusing particularly on heart contractility, cardioprotection, vascular tone, angiogenesis, and oxidative stress.
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Abstract
The loss of contractile function is a hallmark of heart failure. Although increasing intracellular Ca(2+) is a possible strategy for improving contraction, current inotropic agents that achieve this by raising intracellular cAMP levels, such as β-agonists and phosphodiesterase inhibitors, are generally deleterious when administered as long-term therapy due to arrhythmia and myocardial damage. Nitroxyl donors have been shown to improve cardiac function in normal and failing dogs, and in isolated cardiomyocytes they increase fractional shortening and Ca(2+) transients, independently from cAMP/PKA or cGMP/PKG signaling. Instead, nitroxyl targets cysteines in the EC-coupling machinery and myofilament proteins, reversibly modifying them to enhance Ca(2+) handling and myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity. Phase I-IIa trials with CXL-1020, a novel pure HNO donor, reported declines in left and right heart filling pressures and systemic vascular resistance, and increased cardiac output and stroke volume index. These findings support the concept of nitroxyl donors as attractive agents for the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure.
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18
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Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) has emerged as an important signaling molecule with beneficial effects on various cellular processes affecting, for example, cardiovascular and neurological functions. The physiological importance of H₂S is motivating efforts to develop strategies for modulating its levels. However, advancement in the field of H₂S-based therapeutics is hampered by fundamental gaps in our knowledge of how H₂S is regulated, its mechanism of action, and its molecular targets. This review provides an overview of sulfur metabolism; describes recent progress that has shed light on the mechanism of H₂S as a signaling molecule; and examines nutritional regulation of sulfur metabolism, which pertains to health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Kabil
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0600;
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19
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Hu F, Chen L, Che H, Fang J, Lv F, Li H, Zhang S, Guo C, Yin H, Zhang S, Zuo Y. Fasting serum CGRP levels are related to calcium concentrations, but cannot be elevated by short-term calcium/vitamin D supplementation. Neuropeptides 2015; 49:37-45. [PMID: 25499095 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is an important cardioprotective neuropeptide. Few studies have shown that calcium supplementation may increase CGRP levels transiently. However, the relationship between CGRP and calcium is poorly known. This study was to explore the correlation between serum calcium and CGRP in coronary artery disease (CAD), and observe whether short-term calcium/vitamin D supplementation would increase fasting serum CGRP. A randomized, placebo-controlled and double-blind clinical trial, and a supplementary study for further analysis of the correlations were conducted. The results showed that the correlation between serum calcium and CGRP was positive in CAD without myocardial infarction (MI) (r = 0.487, P = 0.029), but negative in acute and healing MI (r = -0.382, P = 0.003). Moreover, we found a positive correlation between lg (amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, NT-proBNP) and CGRP (r = 0.312, P = 0.027), but a negative correlation between lg (NT-proBNP) and serum calcium (r = -0.316, P = 0.025) in acute and healing MI. As to the clinical trial, participants subjected to CAD but without evolving or acute MI, together with blood calcium ≤ 2.4 mmol/L, were randomized into three groups. Among the groups of placebo, caltrate (600 mg elemental calcium; 125 IU vitamin D3, per tablet) 1 tablet/d and caltrate 2 tablets/d, there were no significant differences in baseline characteristics. After short-term (5 days) treatments, the results indicated that the effect of grouping was not statistically significant (P = 0.915). In conclusion, the correlations between serum calcium and CGRP in different types of CAD are inconsistent, and the main reason may be associated with elevated natriuretic peptides after acute MI. Further, our study shows that short-term calcium/vitamin D supplementation cannot significantly increase fasting serum CGRP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fudong Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lianglong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Hailan Che
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fenghua Lv
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hongjun Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Surong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Changlei Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Honglei Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shaoli Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yulan Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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20
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Chin KY, Qin C, Cao N, Kemp-Harper BK, Woodman OL, Ritchie RH. The concomitant coronary vasodilator and positive inotropic actions of the nitroxyl donor Angeli's salt in the intact rat heart: contribution of soluble guanylyl cyclase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:1722-34. [PMID: 24372173 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The NO redox sibling nitroxyl (HNO) elicits soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC)-dependent vasodilatation. HNO has high reactivity with thiols, which is attributed with HNO-enhanced left ventricular (LV) function. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the concomitant vasodilatation and inotropic actions induced by a HNO donor, Angeli's salt (sodium trioxodinitrate), were sGC-dependent and sGC-independent respectively. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Haemodynamic responses to Angeli's salt (10 pmol-10 μmol), alone and in the presence of scavengers of HNO (L-cysteine, 4 mM) or of NO [hydroxocobalamin (HXC), 100 μM] or a selective inhibitor of sGC [1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), 10 μM], a CGRP receptor antagonist (CGRP8-37 , 0.1 μM) or a blocker of voltage-dependent potassium channels [4-aminopyridine (4-AP), 1 mM] were determined in isolated hearts from male rats. KEY RESULTS Angeli's salt elicited concomitant, dose-dependent increases in coronary flow and LV systolic and diastolic function. Both L-cysteine and ODQ shifted (but did not abolish) the dose-response curve of each of these effects to the right, implying contributions from HNO and sGC in both the vasodilator and inotropic actions. In contrast, neither HXC, CGRP8-37 nor 4-AP affected these actions. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Both vasodilator and inotropic actions of the HNO donor Angeli's salt were mediated in part by sGC-dependent mechanisms, representing the first evidence that sGC contributes to the inotropic and lusitropic action of HNO in the intact heart. Thus, HNO acutely enhances LV contraction and relaxation, while concomitantly unloading the heart, potentially beneficial actions in failing hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yee Chin
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia; School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
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Kabil O, Motl N, Banerjee R. H2S and its role in redox signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1844:1355-66. [PMID: 24418393 PMCID: PMC4048824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has emerged as an important gaseous signaling molecule that is produced endogenously by enzymes in the sulfur metabolic network. H2S exerts its effects on multiple physiological processes important under both normal and pathological conditions. These functions include neuromodulation, regulation of blood pressure and cardiac function, inflammation, cellular energetics and apoptosis. Despite the recognition of its biological importance and its beneficial effects, the mechanism of H2S action and the regulation of its tissue levels remain unclear in part owing to its chemical and physical properties that render handling and analysis challenging. Furthermore, the multitude of potential H2S effects has made it difficult to dissect its signaling mechanism and to identify specific targets. In this review, we focus on H2S metabolism and provide an overview of the recent literature that sheds some light on its mechanism of action in cellular redox signaling in health and disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Thiol-Based Redox Processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Kabil
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0600, USA
| | - Nicole Motl
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0600, USA
| | - Ruma Banerjee
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0600, USA.
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22
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Eberhardt M, Dux M, Namer B, Miljkovic J, Cordasic N, Will C, Kichko TI, de la Roche J, Fischer M, Suárez SA, Bikiel D, Dorsch K, Leffler A, Babes A, Lampert A, Lennerz JK, Jacobi J, Martí MA, Doctorovich F, Högestätt ED, Zygmunt PM, Ivanovic-Burmazovic I, Messlinger K, Reeh P, Filipovic MR. H2S and NO cooperatively regulate vascular tone by activating a neuroendocrine HNO-TRPA1-CGRP signalling pathway. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4381. [PMID: 25023795 PMCID: PMC4104458 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitroxyl (HNO) is a redox sibling of nitric oxide (NO) that targets distinct signalling pathways with pharmacological endpoints of high significance in the treatment of heart failure. Beneficial HNO effects depend, in part, on its ability to release calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) through an unidentified mechanism. Here we propose that HNO is generated as a result of the reaction of the two gasotransmitters NO and H2S. We show that H2S and NO production colocalizes with transient receptor potential channel A1 (TRPA1), and that HNO activates the sensory chemoreceptor channel TRPA1 via formation of amino-terminal disulphide bonds, which results in sustained calcium influx. As a consequence, CGRP is released, which induces local and systemic vasodilation. H2S-evoked vasodilatatory effects largely depend on NO production and activation of HNO–TRPA1–CGRP pathway. We propose that this neuroendocrine HNO–TRPA1–CGRP signalling pathway constitutes an essential element for the control of vascular tone throughout the cardiovascular system. Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) are two gaseous signalling molecules produced in tissues. Here the authors propose that NO and H2S react with each other to form nitroxyl (HNO), which activates the TRPA1 channel in nerve cells and triggers the release of the vasoactive peptide CGRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Eberhardt
- 1] Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany [2] Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitaetsstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany [3] Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Maria Dux
- 1] Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitaetsstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany [2] Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Barbara Namer
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitaetsstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Miljkovic
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nada Cordasic
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstrasse 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christine Will
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitaetsstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tatjana I Kichko
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitaetsstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jeanne de la Roche
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Fischer
- 1] Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitaetsstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany [2] Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB1 2PD, UK
| | - Sebastián A Suárez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Damian Bikiel
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karola Dorsch
- Institute of Pathology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89070 Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Leffler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexandru Babes
- 1] Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitaetsstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany [2] Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Angelika Lampert
- 1] Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitaetsstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany [2]
| | - Jochen K Lennerz
- Institute of Pathology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89070 Ulm, Germany
| | - Johannes Jacobi
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstrasse 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marcelo A Martí
- 1] Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina [2] Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabio Doctorovich
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Edward D Högestätt
- Clinical Chemistry & Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter M Zygmunt
- Clinical Chemistry & Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ivana Ivanovic-Burmazovic
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl Messlinger
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitaetsstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Reeh
- 1] Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitaetsstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany [2]
| | - Milos R Filipovic
- 1] Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany [2]
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23
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Schuler B, Rieger G, Gubser M, Arras M, Gianella M, Vogel O, Jirkof P, Cesarovic N, Klohs J, Jakob P, Brock M, Gorr TA, Baum O, Hoppeler H, Samillan-Soto V, Gassmann M, Fischer JA, Born W, Vogel J. Endogenous α-calcitonin-gene-related peptide promotes exercise-induced, physiological heart hypertrophy in mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 211:107-21. [PMID: 24479375 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM It is unknown how the heart distinguishes various overloads, such as exercise or hypertension, causing either physiological or pathological hypertrophy. We hypothesize that alpha-calcitonin-gene-related peptide (αCGRP), known to be released from contracting skeletal muscles, is key at this remodelling. METHODS The hypertrophic effect of αCGRP was measured in vitro (cultured cardiac myocytes) and in vivo (magnetic resonance imaging) in mice. Exercise performance was assessed by determination of maximum oxygen consumption and time to exhaustion. Cardiac phenotype was defined by transcriptional analysis, cardiac histology and morphometry. Finally, we measured spontaneous activity, body fat content, blood volume, haemoglobin mass and skeletal muscle capillarization and fibre composition. RESULTS While αCGRP exposure yielded larger cultured cardiac myocytes, exercise-induced heart hypertrophy was completely abrogated by treatment with the peptide antagonist CGRP(8-37). Exercise performance was attenuated in αCGRP(-/-) mice or CGRP(8-37) treated wild-type mice but improved in animals with higher density of cardiac CGRP receptors (CLR-tg). Spontaneous activity, body fat content, blood volume, haemoglobin mass, muscle capillarization and fibre composition were unaffected, whereas heart index and ventricular myocyte volume were reduced in αCGRP(-/-) mice and elevated in CLR-tg. Transcriptional changes seen in αCGRP(-/-) (but not CLR-tg) hearts resembled maladaptive cardiac phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Alpha-calcitonin-gene-related peptide released by skeletal muscles during exercise is a hitherto unrecognized effector directing the strained heart into physiological instead of pathological adaptation. Thus, αCGRP agonists might be beneficial in heart failure patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Schuler
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology; Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - G. Rieger
- Institute of Anatomy; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - M. Gubser
- Institute of Anatomy; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - M. Arras
- Division of Surgical Research; University Hospital Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
| | - M. Gianella
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology; Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
| | - O. Vogel
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology; Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
| | - P. Jirkof
- Division of Surgical Research; University Hospital Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
| | - N. Cesarovic
- Division of Surgical Research; University Hospital Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
| | - J. Klohs
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering; University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology; Zürich (ETHZ); Zürich Switzerland
| | - P. Jakob
- Institute of Physiology and Cardiovascular Research; University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
| | - M. Brock
- Division of Pulmonology; University Hospital Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
- Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP); Zürich Switzerland
| | - T. A. Gorr
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology; Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
- Clinic IV; Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology; University Medical Center; Freiburg Germany
| | - O. Baum
- Institute of Anatomy; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - H. Hoppeler
- Institute of Anatomy; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - V. Samillan-Soto
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology; Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
- Physiology Department; Medical School; Universidad Alas Peruanas; Lima Peru
| | - M. Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology; Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
- Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP); Zürich Switzerland
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH); Lima Peru
| | - J. A. Fischer
- Former Research Laboratory for Calcium Metabolism; Orthopedic University Hospital Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
| | - W. Born
- Former Research Laboratory for Calcium Metabolism; Orthopedic University Hospital Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
| | - J. Vogel
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology; Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
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24
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Sridharan V, Tripathi P, Sharma S, Moros EG, Zheng J, Hauer-Jensen M, Boerma M. Roles of sensory nerves in the regulation of radiation-induced structural and functional changes in the heart. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014; 88:167-74. [PMID: 24331664 PMCID: PMC3868013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) is a chronic severe side effect of radiation therapy of intrathoracic and chest wall tumors. The heart contains a dense network of sensory neurons that not only are involved in monitoring of cardiac events such as ischemia and reperfusion but also play a role in cardiac tissue homeostasis, preconditioning, and repair. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of sensory nerves in RIHD. METHODS AND MATERIALS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered capsaicin to permanently ablate sensory nerves, 2 weeks before local image-guided heart x-ray irradiation with a single dose of 21 Gy. During the 6 months of follow-up, heart function was assessed with high-resolution echocardiography. At 6 months after irradiation, cardiac structural and molecular changes were examined with histology, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analysis. RESULTS Capsaicin pretreatment blunted the effects of radiation on myocardial fibrosis and mast cell infiltration and activity. By contrast, capsaicin pretreatment caused a small but significant reduction in cardiac output 6 months after irradiation. Capsaicin did not alter the effects of radiation on cardiac macrophage number or indicators of autophagy and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that sensory nerves, although they play a predominantly protective role in radiation-induced cardiac function changes, may eventually enhance radiation-induced myocardial fibrosis and mast cell activity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Capsaicin/pharmacology
- Cardiac Output/drug effects
- Cardiac Output/physiology
- Cardiac Output/radiation effects
- Denervation/methods
- Echocardiography/methods
- Fibrosis
- Heart/innervation
- Heart/physiopathology
- Heart/radiation effects
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/radiation effects
- Male
- Mast Cells/drug effects
- Mast Cells/physiology
- Mast Cells/radiation effects
- Myocardium/pathology
- Neurons, Afferent/drug effects
- Neurons, Afferent/physiology
- Neurons, Afferent/radiation effects
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/radiation effects
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2/radiation effects
- Organ Size/radiation effects
- Radiation Injuries, Experimental/physiopathology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Sensory Receptor Cells/drug effects
- Sensory Receptor Cells/physiology
- Sensory Receptor Cells/radiation effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayalakshmi Sridharan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Preeti Tripathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Eduardo G Moros
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Junying Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Martin Hauer-Jensen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; Surgical Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Marjan Boerma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas.
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25
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Sabbah HN, Tocchetti CG, Wang M, Daya S, Gupta RC, Tunin RS, Mazhari R, Takimoto E, Paolocci N, Cowart D, Colucci WS, Kass DA. Nitroxyl (HNO): A novel approach for the acute treatment of heart failure. Circ Heart Fail 2013; 6:1250-8. [PMID: 24107588 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.113.000632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nitroxyl (HNO) donor, Angeli's salt, exerts positive inotropic, lusitropic, and vasodilator effects in vivo that are cAMP independent. Its clinical usefulness is limited by chemical instability and cogeneration of nitrite which itself has vascular effects. Here, we report on effects of a novel, stable, pure HNO donor (CXL-1020) in isolated myoctyes and intact hearts in experimental models and in patients with heart failure (HF). METHODS AND RESULTS CXL-1020 converts solely to HNO and inactive CXL-1051 with a t1/2 of 2 minutes. In adult mouse ventricular myocytes, it dose dependently increased sarcomere shortening by 75% to 210% (50-500 μmol/L), with a ≈30% rise in the peak Ca(2+) transient only at higher doses. Neither inhibition of protein kinase A nor soluble guanylate cyclase altered this contractile response. Unlike isoproterenol, CXL-1020 was equally effective in myocytes from normal or failing hearts. In anesthetized dogs with coronary microembolization-induced HF, CXL-1020 reduced left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and myocardial oxygen consumption while increasing ejection fraction from 27% to 40% and maximal ventricular power index by 42% (both P<0.05). In conscious dogs with tachypacing-induced HF, CXL-1020 increased contractility assessed by end-systolic elastance and provided venoarterial dilation. Heart rate was minimally altered. In patients with systolic HF, CXL-1020 reduced both left and right heart filling pressures and systemic vascular resistance, while increasing cardiac and stroke volume index. Heart rate was unchanged, and arterial pressure declined modestly. CONCLUSIONS These data show the functional efficacy of a novel pure HNO donor to enhance myocardial function and present first-in-man evidence for its potential usefulness in HF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifiers: NCT01096043, NCT01092325.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani N Sabbah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
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26
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Al-Rubaiee M, Gangula PR, Millis RM, Walker RK, Umoh NA, Cousins VM, Jeffress MA, Haddad GE. Inotropic and lusitropic effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 304:H1525-37. [PMID: 23585136 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00874.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated positive-inotropic effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), but the mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, two experiments were performed to determine the physiological correlates of the positive-inotropic effects of CGRP. Treatments designed to antagonize the effects of physiologically active CGRP₁₋₃₇ included posttreatment with CGRP₈₋₃₇ and pretreatment with LY-294002 (LY, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase), 17β-estradiol (E), and progesterone (P) were also used to modulate the effects of CGRP₁₋₃₇. Experiment 1 was in vitro studies on sarcomeres and cells of isolated adult rat cardiac myocytes. CGRP₁₋₃₇, alone and in combination with E and P, decreased sarcomere shortening velocities and increased shortening percentages, effects that were antagonized by CGRP₈₋₃₇, but not by LY. CGRP₁₋₃₇ increased resting intracellular calcium ion concentrations and Ca(2+) influxes, effects that were also antagonized by both CGRP₈₋₃₇ and LY. Experiment 2 was in vivo studies on left ventricular pressure-volume (PV) loops. CGRP₁₋₃₇ increased end-systolic pressure, ejection fraction, and velocities of contraction and relaxation while decreasing stroke volume, cardiac output, stroke work, PV area, and compliance. After partial occlusion of the vena cava, CGRP₁₋₃₇ increased the slope of the end-systolic PV relationship. CGRP₈₋₃₇ and LY attenuated most of the CGRP-induced changes. These findings suggest that CGRP-induced positive-inotropic effects may be increased by treatments with estradiol and progesterone and inhibited by LY. The physiological correlates of CGRP-induced positive inotropy observed in rat sarcomeres, cells, and intact hearts are likely to reveal novel mechanisms of heart failure in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Al-Rubaiee
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
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27
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Donzelli S, Fischer G, King BS, Niemann C, DuMond JF, Heeren J, Wieboldt H, Baldus S, Gerloff C, Eschenhagen T, Carrier L, Böger RH, Espey MG. Pharmacological characterization of 1-nitrosocyclohexyl acetate, a long-acting nitroxyl donor that shows vasorelaxant and antiaggregatory effects. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 344:339-47. [PMID: 23211362 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.199836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitroxyl (HNO) donors have potential benefit in the treatment of heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases. 1-Nitrosocyclohexyl acetate (NCA), a new HNO donor, in contrast to the classic HNO donors Angeli's salt and isopropylamine NONOate, predominantly releases HNO and has a longer half-life. This study investigated the vasodilatative properties of NCA in isolated aortic rings and human platelets and its mechanism of action. NCA was applied on aortic rings isolated from wild-type mice and apolipoprotein E-deficient mice and in endothelial-denuded aortae. The mechanism of action of HNO was examined by applying NCA in the absence and presence of the HNO scavenger glutathione (GSH) and inhibitors of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), adenylyl cyclase (AC), calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor (CGRP), and K(+) channels. NCA induced a concentration-dependent relaxation (EC(50), 4.4 µM). This response did not differ between all groups, indicating an endothelium-independent relaxation effect. The concentration-response was markedly decreased in the presence of excess GSH; the nitric oxide scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide had no effect. Inhibitors of sGC, CGRP, and voltage-dependent K(+) channels each significantly impaired the vasodilator response to NCA. In contrast, inhibitors of AC, ATP-sensitive K(+) channels, or high-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels did not change the effects of NCA. NCA significantly reduced contractile response and platelet aggregation mediated by the thromboxane A(2) mimetic 9,11-dideoxy-11α,9α-epoxymethanoprostaglandin F(2)(α) in a cGMP-dependent manner. In summary, NCA shows vasoprotective effects and may have a promising profile as a therapeutic agent in vascular dysfunction, warranting further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Donzelli
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf., Martinistr. 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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28
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Sivri N, Tekin G, Erbay AR, Yalta K, Senen K, Gür M, Yetkin E. Headache response to nitrate in patients with coronary artery disease and systolic heart failure. Int J Cardiol 2012; 158:453-4. [PMID: 22633669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Stenberg TA, Kildal AB, How OJ, Myrmel T. Adrenomedullin-epinephrine cotreatment enhances cardiac output and left ventricular function by energetically neutral mechanisms. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 302:H1584-90. [PMID: 22307666 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00887.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (AM) used therapeutically reduces mortality in the acute phase of experimental myocardial infarction. However, AM is potentially deleterious in acute heart failure as it is vasodilative and inotropically neutral. AM and epinephrine (EPI) are cosecreted from chromaffin cells, indicating a physiological interaction. We assessed the hemodynamic and energetic profile of AM-EPI cotreatment, exploring whether drug interaction improves cardiac function. Left ventricular (LV) mechanoenergetics were evaluated in 14 open-chest pigs using pressure-volume analysis and the pressure-volume area-myocardial O(2) consumption (PVA-MVo(2)) framework. AM (15 ng·kg(-1)·min(-1), n = 8) or saline (controls, n = 6) was infused for 120 min. Subsequently, a concurrent infusion of EPI (50 ng·kg(-1)·min(-1)) was added in both groups (AM-EPI vs. EPI). AM increased cardiac output (CO) and coronary blood flow by 20 ± 10% and 39 ± 14% (means ± SD, P < 0.05 vs. baseline), whereas controls were unaffected. AM-EPI increased CO and coronary blood flow by 55 ± 17% and 75 ± 16% (P < 0.05, AM-EPI interaction) compared with 13 ± 12% (P < 0.05 vs. baseline) and 18 ± 31% (P = not significant) with EPI. LV systolic capacitance decreased by -37 ± 22% and peak positive derivative of LV pressure (dP/dt(max)) increased by 32 ± 7% with AM-EPI (P < 0.05, AM-EPI interaction), whereas no significant effects were observed with EPI. Mean arterial pressure was maintained by AM-EPI and tended to decrease with EPI (+2 ± 13% vs. -11 ± 10%, P = not significant). PVA-MVo(2) relationships were unaffected by all treatments. In conclusion, AM-EPI cotreatment has an inodilator profile with CO and LV function augmented beyond individual drug effects and is not associated with relative increases in energetic cost. This can possibly take the inodilator treatment strategy beyond hemodynamic goals and exploit the cardioprotective effects of AM in acute heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thor Allan Stenberg
- Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.
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30
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Nguyen VT, Wu Y, Guillory AN, McConnell BK, Fujise K, Huang MH. Delta-opioid augments cardiac contraction through β-adrenergic and CGRP-receptor co-signaling. Peptides 2012; 33:77-82. [PMID: 22108711 PMCID: PMC3396132 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2011] [Revised: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac epinephrine and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are produced by intrinsic cardiac adrenergic cells (ICA cells) residing in human and animal hearts. ICA cells are neuroparicine cells expressing δ-opioid receptors (DOR). We hypothesized that δ-opioid stimulation of ICA cells enhances epinephrine and CGRP release, which results in the augmentation of heart contraction. Rats were injected with DOR-agonist DPDPE (100 μg/kg) with or without 10-min pretreatment with either β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) blocker propranolol (2mg/kg) or CGRP-receptor (CGRPR) blocker CGRP(8-37) (300 μg/kg), or their combination. Hemodynamics were monitored with echocardiogram and systolic blood pressure (SBP) was monitored via a tail arterial catheter. Changes in left ventricular fraction-shortening (LVFS) and heart rate (HR) were observed at 5-min after DPDPE infusion. At 5-min DPDPE induced a 36 ± 18% (p<0.001) increase of the LVFS, which continues to increase to 51 ± 24% (p<0.0001) by 10 min, and 68 ± 19% (p<0.001) by 20 min. The increase in LVFS was accompanied by the decrease of HR by 9±5% (p<0.01) by 5 min and 11 ± 6% (p<0.001) by 15 min post DPDPE infusion. This magnitude of HR reduction was observed for the remainder of the 20 min. Despite the HR-reduction, cardiac output was increased by 17 ± 8% (p<0.05) and 28±5% (p<0.001) by 5- and 20-min post DPDPE administration, respectively. There was a modest (9 ± 9%, p=0.03) decrease in SBP that was not apparent until 20 min post DPDPE infusion. The positive inotropism of DPDPE was abrogated in animals pretreated with propranolol, CGRP(8-37), or combined propranolol+CGRP(8-37). Furthermore, in whole animal and cardiomyocyte cell culture preparations, DPDPE induced myocardial protein-kinase A (PKA) activation which was abrogated in the animals pretreated with propranolol+CGRP(8-37). DOR agonists augment myocardial contraction through enhanced β-AR and CGRPR co-signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vince T. Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Medical Branch, Houston, Texas
| | - Yewen Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Medical Branch, Houston, Texas
| | - Ashley N. Guillory
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Bradley K. McConnell
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Kenichi Fujise
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Medical Branch, Houston, Texas
| | - Ming-He Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Medical Branch, Houston, Texas
- Gulf Coast Heart Clinic PLLC, League City, Texas
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31
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Tocchetti CG, Stanley BA, Murray CI, Sivakumaran V, Donzelli S, Mancardi D, Pagliaro P, Gao WD, van Eyk J, Kass DA, Wink DA, Paolocci N. Playing with cardiac "redox switches": the "HNO way" to modulate cardiac function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 14:1687-98. [PMID: 21235349 PMCID: PMC3066693 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The nitric oxide (NO(•)) sibling, nitroxyl or nitrosyl hydride (HNO), is emerging as a molecule whose pharmacological properties include providing functional support to failing hearts. HNO also preconditions myocardial tissue, protecting it against ischemia-reperfusion injury while exerting vascular antiproliferative actions. In this review, HNO's peculiar cardiovascular assets are discussed in light of its unique chemistry that distinguish HNO from NO(•) as well as from reactive oxygen and nitrogen species such as the hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite. Included here is a discussion of the possible routes of HNO formation in the myocardium and its chemical targets in the heart. HNO has been shown to have positive inotropic/lusitropic effects under normal and congestive heart failure conditions in animal models. The mechanistic intricacies of the beneficial cardiac effects of HNO are examined in cellular models. In contrast to β-receptor/cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A-dependent enhancers of myocardial performance, HNO uses its "thiophylic" nature as a vehicle to interact with redox switches such as cysteines, which are located in key components of the cardiac electromechanical machinery ruling myocardial function. Here, we will briefly review new features of HNO's cardiovascular effects that when combined with its positive inotropic/lusitropic action may render HNO donors an attractive addition to the current therapeutic armamentarium for treating patients with acutely decompensated congestive heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo G Tocchetti
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Morrey C, Brazin J, Seyedi N, Corti F, Silver RB, Levi R. Interaction between sensory C-fibers and cardiac mast cells in ischemia/reperfusion: activation of a local renin-angiotensin system culminating in severe arrhythmic dysfunction. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 335:76-84. [PMID: 20668055 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.172262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renin, the rate-limiting enzyme in the activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), is synthesized and stored in cardiac mast cells. In ischemia/reperfusion, cardiac sensory nerves release neuropeptides such as substance P that, by degranulating mast cells, might promote renin release, thus activating a local RAS and ultimately inducing cardiac dysfunction. We tested this hypothesis in whole hearts ex vivo, in cardiac nerve terminals in vitro, and in cultured mast cells. We found that substance P-containing nerves are juxtaposed to renin-containing cardiac mast cells. Chemical stimulation of these nerves elicited substance P release that was accompanied by renin release, with the latter being preventable by mast cell stabilization or blockade of substance P receptors. Substance P caused degranulation of mast cells in culture and elicited renin release, and both of these were prevented by substance P receptor blockade. Ischemia/reperfusion in ex vivo hearts caused the release of substance P, which was associated with an increase in renin and norepinephrine overflow and with sustained reperfusion arrhythmias; substance P receptor blockade prevented these changes. Substance P, norepinephrine, and renin were also released by acetaldehyde, a known product of ischemia/reperfusion, from cardiac synaptosomes and cultured mast cells, respectively. Collectively, our findings indicate that an important link exists in the heart between sensory nerves and renin-containing mast cells; substance P released from sensory nerves plays a significant role in the release of mast cell renin in ischemia/reperfusion and in the activation of a local cardiac RAS. This culminates in angiotensin production, norepinephrine release, and arrhythmic cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Morrey
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065-4896, USA
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Kelly D, Khan SQ, Dhillon O, Quinn P, Struck J, Squire IB, Davies JE, Ng LL. Procalcitonin as a prognostic marker in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Biomarkers 2010; 15:325-31. [DOI: 10.3109/13547501003675084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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34
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Prolactin-releasing peptide regulates cardiac contractility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 159:9-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2009.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Revised: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 07/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Fukuto JM, Bianco CL, Chavez TA. Nitroxyl (HNO) signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 47:1318-24. [PMID: 19539748 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2009] [Revised: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitroxyl (HNO) has become a nitrogen oxide of significant interest due to its reported biological activity. The actions of HNO in the cardiovascular system appear to make it a good candidate for therapeutic applications for cardiovascular disorders and other potentially important effects have been noted as well. Although the chemistry associated with this activity has not been firmly established, the propensity for HNO to react with thiols and metals are likely mechanisms. Herein, are described the biological activity of HNO and some of the chemistry of HNO that may be responsible for its biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon M Fukuto
- Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, USA.
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Lynch JJ, Shen YT, Pittman TJ, Anderson KD, Koblan KS, Gould RJ, Regan CP, Kane SA. Effects of the prototype serotonin 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonist sumatriptan and the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist CGRP8–37 on myocardial reactive hyperemic response in conscious dogs. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 623:96-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2009] [Revised: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 09/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ritchie RH, Irvine JC, Rosenkranz AC, Patel R, Wendt IR, Horowitz JD, Kemp-Harper BK. Exploiting cGMP-based therapies for the prevention of left ventricular hypertrophy: NO* and beyond. Pharmacol Ther 2009; 124:279-300. [PMID: 19723539 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/14/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), an increased left ventricular (LV) mass, is common to many cardiovascular disorders, initially developing as an adaptive response to maintain myocardial function. In the longer term, this LV remodelling becomes maladaptive, with progressive decline in LV contractility and diastolic function. Indeed LVH is recognised as an important blood-pressure independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The clinical efficacy of current treatments for LVH is reduced, however, by their tendency to slow disease progression rather than induce its reversal, and thus the development of new therapies for LVH is paramount. The signalling molecule cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP), well-recognised for its role in regulating vascular tone, is now being increasingly identified as an important anti-hypertrophic mediator. This review is focused on the various means by which cGMP can be stimulated in the heart, such as via the natriuretic peptides, to exert anti-hypertrophic actions. In particular we address the limitations of traditional nitric oxide (NO*) donors in the face of the potential therapeutic advantages offered by novel alternatives; NO* siblings, ligands of the cGMP-generating enzymes, soluble (sGC) and particulate guanylyl cyclases (pGC), and phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Further impact of cGMP within the cardiovascular system is also discussed with a view to representing cGMP-based therapies as innovative pharmacotherapy, alone or concurrent with standard care, for the management of LVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Paolocci N, Wink DA. The shy Angeli and his elusive creature: the HNO route to vasodilation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 296:H1217-20. [PMID: 19286958 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00243.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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CGRP-alpha responsiveness of adult rat ventricular cardiomyocytes from normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Eur J Cell Biol 2009; 88:227-41. [PMID: 19128857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2008.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2008] [Revised: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-alpha is expressed in heart ventricles in sensory nerves and cardiomyocytes. It modifies inotropism and induces ischaemic preconditioning. This study investigates the effect of CGRP-alpha on the contractile responsiveness of isolated adult ventricular rat cardiomyocytes and the effect of chronic hypertension on this interaction. Cardiomyocytes were isolated and paced at 0.5-2.0 Hz. Cell shortening was recorded via a line camera with a reading frame of 500 Hz. CGRP-alpha exerted a dual effect on cardiomyocytes with a positive contractile effect at 10nM and a negative contractile effect at 10 pM. CGRP-alpha(8-37), a calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR) antagonist, attenuated the positive contractile effect. H89, a protein kinase A antagonist, converted the positive contractile effect into a negative contractile effect. The negative contractile effect was converted again back to a positive contractile effect in the presence of l-nitro arginine. In cardiomyocytes isolated from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) the mRNA expression of CRLR and the receptor-associated modifier protein (RAMP)-2 were lower. However, on the protein level CLRL was up-regulated, RAMP2 expression remained unchanged, and eNOS expression was down-regulated in these cells. These cells responded with a pure positive contractile response. In Langendorff preparations, CGRP-alpha slightly reduced the rate pressure product in hearts from normotensive rats but it caused an increase in hearts from SHR. In conclusion, it is shown that CGRP-alpha exerts dual effects on cardiomyocytes favouring the negative contractile effect at very low concentrations. This effect is compensated in chronic pressure-overloaded hearts and converted into a positive inotropism.
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Regan CP, Stump GL, Kane SA, Lynch JJ. Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Receptor Antagonism Does Not Affect the Severity of Myocardial Ischemia during Atrial Pacing in Dogs with Coronary Artery Stenosis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008; 328:571-8. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.108.144220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Irvine JC, Ritchie RH, Favaloro JL, Andrews KL, Widdop RE, Kemp-Harper BK. Nitroxyl (HNO): the Cinderella of the nitric oxide story. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2008; 29:601-8. [PMID: 18835046 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2008.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2008] [Revised: 08/10/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, most of the biological effects of nitric oxide (NO) have been attributed to its uncharged state (NO*), yet NO can also exist in the reduced state as nitroxyl (HNO or NO(-)). Putatively generated from both NO synthase (NOS)-dependent and -independent sources, HNO is rapidly emerging as a novel entity with distinct pharmacology and therapeutic advantages over its redox sibling, NO*. Thus, unlike NO*, HNO can target cardiac sarcoplasmic ryanodine receptors to increase myocardial contractility, can interact directly with thiols and is resistant to both scavenging by superoxide (*O2-) and tolerance development. HNO donors are protective in the setting of heart failure in which NO donors have minimal impact. Here, we discuss the unique pharmacology of HNO versus NO* and highlight the therapeutic potential of HNO donors in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Irvine
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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42
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Donzelli S, Espey MG, Flores-Santana W, Switzer CH, Yeh GC, Huang J, Stuehr DJ, King SB, Miranda KM, Wink DA. Generation of nitroxyl by heme protein-mediated peroxidation of hydroxylamine but not N-hydroxy-L-arginine. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 45:578-84. [PMID: 18503778 PMCID: PMC2562766 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2007] [Revised: 04/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The chemical reactivity, toxicology, and pharmacological responses to nitroxyl (HNO) are often distinctly different from those of nitric oxide (NO). The discovery that HNO donors may have pharmacological utility for treatment of cardiovascular disorders such as heart failure and ischemia reperfusion has led to increased speculation of potential endogenous pathways for HNO biosynthesis. Here, the ability of heme proteins to utilize H2O2 to oxidize hydroxylamine (NH2OH) or N-hydroxy-L-arginine (NOHA) to HNO was examined. Formation of HNO was evaluated with a recently developed selective assay in which the reaction products in the presence of reduced glutathione (GSH) were quantified by HPLC. Release of HNO from the heme pocket was indicated by formation of sulfinamide (GS(O)NH2), while the yields of nitrite and nitrate signified the degree of intramolecular recombination of HNO with the heme. Formation of GS(O)NH2 was observed upon oxidation of NH2OH, whereas NOHA, the primary intermediate in oxidation of L-arginine by NO synthase, was apparently resistant to oxidation by the heme proteins utilized. In the presence of NH2OH, the highest yields of GS(O)NH2 were observed with proteins in which the heme was coordinated to a histidine (horseradish peroxidase, lactoperoxidase, myeloperoxidase, myoglobin, and hemoglobin) in contrast to a tyrosine (catalase) or cysteine (cytochrome P450). That peroxidation of NH2OH by horseradish peroxidase produced free HNO, which was able to affect intracellular targets, was verified by conversion of 4,5-diaminofluorescein to the corresponding fluorophore within intact cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Donzelli
- Tumor Biology Section, Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Kunz TH, Scott M, Ittner LM, Fischer JA, Born W, Vogel J. Calcitonin gene-related peptide-evoked sustained tachycardia in calcitonin receptor-like receptor transgenic mice is mediated by sympathetic activity. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007; 293:H2155-60. [PMID: 17660394 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00629.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and adrenomedullin (AM) are potent vasodilators and exert positive chronotropic and inotropic effects on the heart. Receptors for CGRP and AM are calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR)/receptor-activity-modifying protein (RAMP) 1 and CLR/RAMP2 heterodimers, respectively. The present study was designed to delineate distinct cardiovascular effects of CGRP and AM. Thus a V5-tagged rat CLR was expressed in transgenic mice in the vascular musculature, a recognized target of CGRP. Interestingly, basal arterial pressure and heart rate were indistinguishable in transgenic mice and in control littermates. Moreover, intravenous injection of 2 nmol/kg CGRP, unlike 2 nmol/kg AM, decreased arterial pressure equally by 18 ± 5 mmHg in transgenic and control animals. But the concomitant increase in heart rate evoked by CGRP was 3.7 times higher in transgenic mice than in control animals. The effects of CGRP in transgenic and control mice, different from a decrease in arterial pressure in response to 20 nmol/kg AM, were suppressed by 2 μmol/kg of the CGRP antagonist CGRP(8-37). Propranolol, in contrast to hexamethonium, blocked the CGRP-evoked increase in heart rate in both transgenic and control animals. This was consistent with the immunohistochemical localization of the V5-tagged CLR in the superior cervical ganglion of transgenic mice. In conclusion, hypotension evoked by CGRP in transgenic and control mice was comparable and CGRP was more potent than AM. Unexpectedly, the CLR/RAMP CGRP receptor overexpressed in postganglionic sympathetic neurons of transgenic mice enhanced the positive chronotropic action of systemic CGRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Kunz
- Research Laboratory, Orthopedic University Hospital Balgrist, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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44
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Rastaldo R, Pagliaro P, Cappello S, Penna C, Mancardi D, Westerhof N, Losano G. Nitric oxide and cardiac function. Life Sci 2007; 81:779-93. [PMID: 17707439 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2007] [Revised: 07/16/2007] [Accepted: 07/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) participates in the control of contractility and heart rate, limits cardiac remodeling after an infarction and contributes to the protective effect of ischemic pre- and postconditioning. Low concentrations of NO, with production of small amounts of cGMP, inhibit phosphodiesterase III, thus preventing the hydrolysis of cAMP. The subsequent activation of a protein-kinase A causes the opening of sarcolemmal voltage-operated and sarcoplasmic ryanodin receptor Ca(2+) channels, thus increasing myocardial contractility. High concentrations of NO induce the production of larger amounts of cGMP which are responsible for a cardiodepression in response to an activation of protein kinase G (PKG) with blockade of sarcolemmal Ca(2+) channels. NO is also involved in reduced contractile response to adrenergic stimulation in heart failure. A reduction of heart rate is an evident effect of NO-synthase (NOS) inhibition. It is noteworthy that the direct effect of NOS inhibition can be altered if baroreceptors are stimulated by increases in blood pressure. Finally, NO can limit the deleterious effects of cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction possibly via the cGMP pathway. The protective effect of NO is mainly mediated by the guanylyl cyclase-cGMP pathway resulting in activation of PKG with opening of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels and inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition pores. NO acting on heart is produced by vascular and endocardial endothelial NOS, as well as neuronal and inducible synthases. In particular, while in the basal control of contractility, endothelial synthase has a predominant role, the inducible isoform is mainly responsible for the cardiodepression in septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rastaldo
- Department of Neurosciences, Physiology Division, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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45
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Abstract
Cardiac mast cells proliferate in cardiovascular diseases. In myocardial ischemia, mast cell mediators contribute to coronary vasoconstriction, arrhythmias, leukocyte recruitment, and tissue injury and repair. Arrhythmic dysfunction, coronary vasoconstriction, and contractile failure are also characteristic of cardiac anaphylaxis. In coronary atherosclerosis, mast cell mediators facilitate cholesterol accumulation and plaque destabilization. In cardiac failure, mast cell chymase causes myocyte apoptosis and fibroblast proliferation, leading to ventricular dysfunction. Chymase and tryptase also contribute to fibrosis in cardiomyopathies and myocarditis. In addition, mast cell tumor necrosis factor-alpha promotes myocardial remodeling. Cardiac remodeling and hypertrophy in end-stage hypertension are also induced by mast cell mediators and proteases. We recently discovered that cardiac mast cells contain and release renin, which initiates local angiotensin formation. Angiotensin causes coronary vasoconstriction, arrhythmias, fibrosis, apoptosis, and endothelin release, all demonstrated mechanisms of mast-cell-associated cardiac disease. The effects of angiotensin are further amplified by the release of norepinephrine from cardiac sympathetic nerves. Our discovery of renin in cardiac mast cells and its release in pathophysiological conditions uncovers an important new pathway in the development of mast-cell-associated heart diseases. Several steps in this novel pathway may constitute future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia C Reid
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
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46
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Kulikovskaya I, McClellan GB, Levine R, Winegrad S. Multiple forms of cardiac myosin-binding protein C exist and can regulate thick filament stability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 129:419-28. [PMID: 17470661 PMCID: PMC2154376 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.200609714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although absence or abnormality of cardiac myosin binding protein C (cMyBP-C) produces serious structural and functional abnormalities of the heart, function of the protein itself is not clearly understood, and the cause of the abnormalities, unidentified. Here we report that a major function of cMyBP-C may be regulating the stability of the myosin-containing contractile filaments through phosphorylation of cMyBP-C. Antibodies were raised against three different regions of cMyBP-C to detect changes in structure within the molecule, and loss of myosin heavy chain was used to monitor degradation of the thick filament. Results from Western blotting and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicate that cMyBP-C can exist in two different forms that produce, respectively, stable and unstable thick filaments. The stable form has well-ordered myosin heads and requires phosphorylation of the cMyBP-C. The unstable form has disordered myosin heads. In tissue with intact cardiac cells, the unstable unphosphorylated cMyBP-C is more easily proteolyzed, causing thick filaments first to release cMyBP-C and/or its proteolytic peptides and then myosin. Filaments deficient in cMyBP-C are fragmented by shear force well tolerated by the stable form. We hypothesize that modulation of filament stability can be coupled at the molecular level with the strength of contraction by the sensitivity of each to the concentration of calcium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kulikovskaya
- Department of Physiology, University of Philadelphia School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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47
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Kimura K, Ieda M, Kanazawa H, Yagi T, Tsunoda M, Ninomiya SI, Kurosawa H, Yoshimi K, Mochizuki H, Yamazaki K, Ogawa S, Fukuda K. Cardiac Sympathetic Rejuvenation. Circ Res 2007; 100:1755-64. [PMID: 17495227 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000269828.62250.ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal function and innervation density is regulated by target organ-derived neurotrophic factors. Although cardiac hypertrophy drastically alternates the expression of various growth factors such as endothelin-1, angiotensin II, and leukemia inhibitory factor, little is known about nerve growth factor expression and its effect on the cardiac sympathetic nerves. This study investigated the impact of pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy on the innervation density and cellular function of cardiac sympathetic nerves, including kinetics of norepinephrine synthesis and reuptake, and neuronal gene expression. Right ventricular hypertrophy was induced by monocrotaline treatment in Wistar rats. Newly developed cardiac sympathetic nerves expressing beta(3)-tubulin (axonal marker), GAP43 (growth-associated cone marker), and tyrosine hydroxylase were markedly increased only in the right ventricle, in parallel with nerve growth factor upregulation. However, norepinephrine and dopamine content was paradoxically attenuated, and the protein and kinase activity of tyrosine hydroxylase were markedly downregulated in the right ventricle. The reuptake of [(125)I]-metaiodobenzylguanidine and [(3)H]-norepinephrine were also significantly diminished in the right ventricle, indicating functional downregulation in cardiac sympathetic nerves. Interestingly, we found cardiac sympathetic nerves in hypertrophic right ventricles strongly expressed highly polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) (an immature neuron marker) as well as neonatal heart. Taken together, pressure overload induced anatomical sympathetic hyperinnervation but simultaneously caused deterioration of neuronal cellular function. This phenomenon was explained by the rejuvenation of cardiac sympathetic nerves as well as the hypertrophic cardiomyocytes, which also showed the fetal form gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Kimura
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Advanced Cardiac Therapeutics, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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48
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Forfia PR, Lee M, Tunin RS, Mahmud M, Champion HC, Kass DA. Acute Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibition Mimics Hemodynamic Effects of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide and Potentiates B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Effects in Failing But Not Normal Canine Heart. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 49:1079-88. [PMID: 17349888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2006.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2006] [Revised: 08/18/2006] [Accepted: 08/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to test whether acute phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibition via sildenafil (SIL) mimics and/or potentiates cardiorenal effects of exogenous natriuretic peptide (NP) infusion. BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is often accompanied by elevated NP secretion yet blunted responsiveness. Such NP resistance may, in part, relate to increased cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) catabolism by PDE5. METHODS Dogs (n = 7) were studied before and after tachypacing-induced HF. Animals received 30-min infusion of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) (2 mug/kg bolus, 0.02 mug/kg/min), and on a separate day SIL (1 mg/kg, intravenous), followed by BNP (SIL + BNP). Phosphodiesterase 5 activity was measured in lung, vasculature, and kidney. RESULTS At baseline (non-failing), BNP lowered central venous, pulmonary capillary wedge, diastolic, mean pulmonary artery, and mean arterial pressure. Sildenafil had no effects, and SIL + BNP was similar to BNP alone. In contrast, SIL lowered these pressures similarly to BNP in dogs with HF, and SIL + BNP was additive in further reducing pulmonary pressures over BNP alone. Plasma cGMP/plasma BNP ratio was markedly reduced with HF, indicating NP resistance. Sildenafil plus BNP increased this ratio in HF, but had no effect in non-failing animals. Sildenafil had no independent diuretic/natriuretic effects nor did it enhance BNP effects under baseline or HF conditions. In HF, PDE5 activity was significantly increased in the systemic and pulmonary vasculature and in the kidney. CONCLUSIONS The PDE5 activity in systemic and pulmonary vasculature increases in HF rendering hemodynamic responses to PDE5 inhibition identical to those from BNP infusion. Natriuretic peptide desensitization in HF relates, in part, to increased PDE5 activity, supporting a therapeutic role for PDE5 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Forfia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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49
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Tocchetti CG, Wang W, Froehlich JP, Huke S, Aon MA, Wilson GM, Di Benedetto G, O'Rourke B, Gao WD, Wink DA, Toscano JP, Zaccolo M, Bers DM, Valdivia HH, Cheng H, Kass DA, Paolocci N. Nitroxyl improves cellular heart function by directly enhancing cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ cycling. Circ Res 2006; 100:96-104. [PMID: 17138943 PMCID: PMC2769513 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000253904.53601.c9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although depressed pump function is common, development of effective therapies to stimulate contraction has proven difficult. This is thought to be attributable to their frequent reliance on cAMP stimulation to increase activator Ca(2+). A potential alternative is nitroxyl (HNO), the 1-electron reduction product of nitric oxide (NO) that improves contraction and relaxation in normal and failing hearts in vivo. The mechanism for myocyte effects remains unknown. Here, we show that this activity results from a direct interaction of HNO with the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) pump and the ryanodine receptor 2, leading to increased Ca(2+) uptake and release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. HNO increases the open probability of isolated ryanodine-sensitive Ca(2+)-release channels and accelerates Ca(2+) reuptake into isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum by stimulating ATP-dependent Ca(2+) transport. Contraction improves with no net rise in diastolic calcium. These changes are not induced by NO, are fully reversible by addition of reducing agents (redox sensitive), and independent of both cAMP/protein kinase A and cGMP/protein kinase G signaling. Rather, the data support HNO/thiolate interactions that enhance the activity of intracellular Ca(2+) cycling proteins. These findings suggest HNO donors are attractive candidates for the pharmacological treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo G Tocchetti
- Cardiology Division, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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50
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Paolocci N, Jackson MI, Lopez BE, Tocchetti CG, Wink DA, Hobbs A, Fukuto JM. The pharmacology of nitroxyl (HNO) and its therapeutic potential: not just the Janus face of NO. Pharmacol Ther 2006; 113:442-58. [PMID: 17222913 PMCID: PMC3501193 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2006.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2006] [Accepted: 11/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nitroxyl (HNO), the 1-electron reduced and protonated congener of nitric oxide (NO), has received recent attention as a potential pharmacological agent for the treatment of heart failure and as a preconditioning agent for the mitigation of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Interest in the pharmacology and biology of HNO has prompted examination, or in some instances reexamination, of many of its chemical properties. Such studies have provided insight into the chemical basis for the biological effects of HNO, although the biochemical mechanisms for many of these effects remain to be established. In this review, a brief description of the biologically relevant chemistry of HNO is given, followed by a more detailed discussion of the pharmacology and potential toxicology of HNO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazareno Paolocci
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
- To whom correspondence can be addressed: Nazareno Paolocci () Jon M. Fukuto ()
| | - Matthew I. Jackson
- Interdepartmental Program in Molecular Toxicology, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1772
| | - Brenda E. Lopez
- Department of Pharmacology, UCLA School of Medicine, Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1735
| | - Carlo G. Tocchetti
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - David A. Wink
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Adrian Hobbs
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College, Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6AE, UK
| | - Jon M. Fukuto
- Interdepartmental Program in Molecular Toxicology, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1772
- Department of Pharmacology, UCLA School of Medicine, Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1735
- To whom correspondence can be addressed: Nazareno Paolocci () Jon M. Fukuto ()
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