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Takahama U, Ryu K, Hirota S. Chlorogenic acid in coffee can prevent the formation of dinitrogen trioxide by scavenging nitrogen dioxide generated in the human oral cavity. J Agric Food Chem 2007; 55:9251-9258. [PMID: 17924708 DOI: 10.1021/jf071700r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Coffee contains antioxidants like chlorogenic acid and its isomers. In this report, effects of coffee on the nitrite-induced N2O3 formation were studied using whole saliva and bacterial fraction prepared from the saliva. The formation of N2O3 was measured by fluorescence increase due to the transformation of 4,5-diaminofluorescein to triazolfluorescein. Coffee inhibited the nitrite-induced fluorescence increase, and 50% inhibition was observed at several microg of coffee/mL in bacterial fraction of saliva as well as whole saliva. During the inhibition of the fluorescence increase, concentration of chlorogenic acid and its isomers decreased. It is discussed that the reduction of NO2 by chlorogenic acid and its isomers contributed to the coffee-dependent inhibition of the fluorescence increase as N2O3 is formed from NO and NO2. When coffee was added to whole saliva, chlorogenic acid and its isomers bound to cells in the saliva. The rate of the fluorescence increase in bacterial fraction, which was prepared at defined periods after the ingestion of coffee, was increased to the rate before the ingestion of coffee with a half-time of about 1 h. This result suggests that chlorogenic acid and its isomers remained in the oral cavity for a few hours after ingestion of coffee. The significance of coffee drinking and rinsing of the mouth with coffee for the health of the oral cavity is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umeo Takahama
- Department of Bioscience, Kyushu Dental College, Kitakyushu, Japan.
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Tocchetti CG, Wang W, Froehlich JP, Huke S, Aon MA, Wilson GM, Di Benedetto G, O'Rourke B, Gao WD, Wink DA, Toscano JP, Zaccolo M, Bers DM, Valdivia HH, Cheng H, Kass DA, Paolocci N. Nitroxyl improves cellular heart function by directly enhancing cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ cycling. Circ Res 2006; 100:96-104. [PMID: 17138943 PMCID: PMC2769513 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000253904.53601.c9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although depressed pump function is common, development of effective therapies to stimulate contraction has proven difficult. This is thought to be attributable to their frequent reliance on cAMP stimulation to increase activator Ca(2+). A potential alternative is nitroxyl (HNO), the 1-electron reduction product of nitric oxide (NO) that improves contraction and relaxation in normal and failing hearts in vivo. The mechanism for myocyte effects remains unknown. Here, we show that this activity results from a direct interaction of HNO with the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) pump and the ryanodine receptor 2, leading to increased Ca(2+) uptake and release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. HNO increases the open probability of isolated ryanodine-sensitive Ca(2+)-release channels and accelerates Ca(2+) reuptake into isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum by stimulating ATP-dependent Ca(2+) transport. Contraction improves with no net rise in diastolic calcium. These changes are not induced by NO, are fully reversible by addition of reducing agents (redox sensitive), and independent of both cAMP/protein kinase A and cGMP/protein kinase G signaling. Rather, the data support HNO/thiolate interactions that enhance the activity of intracellular Ca(2+) cycling proteins. These findings suggest HNO donors are attractive candidates for the pharmacological treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo G Tocchetti
- Cardiology Division, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Azenabor AA, Chaudhry AU. Effective macrophage redox defense against Chlamydia pneumoniae depends on L-type Ca2+ channel activation. Med Microbiol Immunol 2003; 192:99-106. [PMID: 12736823 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-002-0164-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2002] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage immune capability depends on their efficient redox potential expressed in the effective release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide. In this study the effect of the activation of a specialized Ca(2+) channel on macrophage redox function during Chlamydia pneumoniae infection was explored. C. pneumoniae exhibited a profound and sustained Ca(2+) influx capacity, with evidence of activity attributable to their lipopolysaccharide (cLPS) content. Also the organism showed an additional Ca(2+) influx signal in macrophages exposed to thapsigargin, and there was evidence for the operation of a single ion channel of the L type as demonstrated by the effect of L-type channel antagonists (methoxyverapamil and nimodipine) despite exposure to Ca(2+)-rich medium. C. pneumoniae or cLPS induced intracellular ROS and NO generation in a manner consistent with dependence on intracellular calcium. L-type Ca(2+) channel blocking significantly prompted C. pneumoniae inclusion formation. These findings suggest that Ca(2+) influx signal and redox function in C. pneumoniae-infected macrophages depend on L-type Ca(2+) channel activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony A Azenabor
- Department of Health Sciences, Enderis Hall, Room 469, University of Wisconsin, 2400 E. Hartford Avenue, Milwaukee WI 53211, USA.
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Floyd RA, Kotake Y, Hensley K, Nakae D, Konishi Y. Reactive oxygen species in choline deficiency induced carcinogenesis and nitrone inhibition. Mol Cell Biochem 2002; 234-235:195-203. [PMID: 12162434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species and free radical processes have been considered important in cancer development for many years. Much research demonstrates that the choline-deficiency induced hepatocarcinogenesis model prominently involves reactive oxygen species. We present a summary of results obtained in our original studies of this model over the last 4 years. We have shown that alpha-phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) and some of its hydroxylated derivatives (the 4- and 3-hydroxylated compounds) prevent hepatocarcinogenesis in this model. Mechanistic studies have demonstrated that isolated mitochondria from the livers of rats fed the choline-deficiency defined amino acid diet produce significantly much more H2O2 per NADH reducing equivalents oxidized. Based on these observations, we postulate that H2O2 is a primary carcinogenic factor in this model. Based on studies of the action of PBN on isolated mitochondria, we postulate that the inhibiting action of PBN involves suppression of H2O2 production of mitochondria and generally decreasing the oxidative stress within the preneoplastic lesions. The net effect of the activity of the nitrone compounds appears to be due to their ability to shift the apoptosis/neoplastic tendency balance toward apoptosis of the cells within the preneoplastic lesions. This is considered to be the primary reason the size of the preneoplastic lesions are significantly decreased and why the nitrones are potent anti-carcinogenic agents in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Floyd
- Free Radical Biology and Aging Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City 73104, USA.
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Pulliam L, Irwin I, Kusdra L, Rempel H, Flitter WD, Garland WA. CPI-1189 attenuates effects of suspected neurotoxins associated with AIDS dementia: a possible role for ERK activation. Brain Res 2001; 893:95-103. [PMID: 11222997 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(00)03293-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) often experience a dementia characterized by mental slowing and memory loss. Motor dysfunction may also accompany this condition. The pathogenesis of the dementia is not known, but microscopic examination of brain tissue from those afflicted shows evidence of chronic inflammation, reactive gliosis and cell death. Neurotoxic factors produced from activated macrophage or microglial cells such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), gp120 and quinolinic acid have been implicated as agents for the cell death which often appears to occur by an apoptotic mechanism. CPI-1189, a drug currently undergoing clinical evaluation as a treatment for the dementia associated with AIDS, is shown in this paper to mitigate apoptosis induced by TNFalpha, gp120, and necrosis induced by quinolinic acid. In addition, CPI-1189 mitigates the cell death produced by supernatants from cultured macrophages obtained from patients with AIDS dementia. The exact mechanism by which CPI-1189 prevents neurotoxicity is not known; however, protection from TNFalpha and supernatant-induced toxicity does not appear to involve NFkappaB translocation, and appears to be associated with an increase in activated ERK-MAP kinase. These findings may have implications for other neurological diseases where apoptotic cell death contributes to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pulliam
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Abstract
Native Cu,Zn-SOD and synthetic SOD mimics sometimes demonstrate an apparently anomalous bell-shaped dose-response relationship when protecting various biological systems from oxidative stress. Several mechanisms have been proposed to account for such an effect, including: overproduction of H(2)O(2), peroxidative activity of SOD, and opposing roles played by O(2)(*-) in both initiation and termination of radical chain reactions. In the present study, ferrocyanide and thiols, which are susceptible to one-electron and two-electron oxidation, respectively, were subjected to a flux of superoxide in the presence and absence of SOD or SOD mimics. The results show that 1) either O(2)(*-)/HO(2)(*) or H(2)O(2) alone partially inactivates papain, whereas when combined they act synergistically; 2) nitroxide SOD mimics, but not SOD, exhibit a bell-shaped dose-response relationship in protecting papain from inactivation; 3) SOD, which at low dose inhibits superoxide-induced oxidation of ferrocyanide, loses its antioxidative effect as its concentration increases. These findings offer an additional explanation for the pro-oxidative activity of SOD and SOD mimics without invoking any dual activity of O(2)(*-) or a combined effect of SOD and H(2)O(2). The most significant outcome of an increase in SOD level is a decrease of [O(2)(*-)](steady state), rather than any notable elevation of [H(2)O(2)](steady state). As a result, the reaction kinetics of the high oxidation state of each catalyst is altered. In the presence of ultra-low [O(2)(*-)](steady state), the oxidized form of SOD [Cu(II),Zn-SOD] or SOD mimic (oxo-ammonium cation) does not react with O(2)(*-) but rather oxidizes the target molecule that it was supposed to have protected. Consequently, these catalysts exert an anti- or pro-oxidative effect depending on their concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Offer
- Molecular Biology, Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
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Chang RC, Rota C, Glover RE, Mason RP, Hong JS. A novel effect of an opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone, on the production of reactive oxygen species by microglia: a study by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Brain Res 2000; 854:224-9. [PMID: 10784126 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(99)02267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Microglia as the first line of defensive cells in the brain produce free radicals including superoxide and nitric oxide (NO), contributing to neurodegeneration. An opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone, has been considered pharmacologically beneficial to endotoxin shock, experimental cerebral ischemia, and spinal cord injury. However, the mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects of naloxone are still not clear. This study explores the effects of naloxone on the production of superoxide and NO by the murine microglial cell line, BV2, stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as measured by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The production of superoxide triggered by phobol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) resulted in superoxide dismutase (SOD)-inhibitable, catalase-uninhibitable 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) hydroxyl radical adduct formation. LPS enhanced the production of superoxide and triggered the formation of non-heme iron-nitrosyl complex. Cells pre-treated with naloxone showed significant reduction of superoxide production by 35%. However, it could not significantly reduce the formation of non-heme iron-nitrosyl complex and nitrite. Taken together, the results expand our understanding of the neuroprotective effects of naloxone as it decreases superoxide production by microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Chang
- Neuropharmacology Section, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Abstract
Observations were made on the increase in the frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) induced by a nitric oxide (NO) releaser (NOR4) and NaNO2 in Chinese hamster lung cells (CHL/IU). During these observations, NaNO3 did not have any effect on SCE induction. NOR4- and NaNO2- induced SCE frequencies decreased due to treatment with bovine serum (10%), bovine serum albumin (BSA, 0.1%, 1.0%), oxyhemoglobin (Hb, 10 microM), and superoxide dismutase (SOD, 250 U/ml), but not with glutathione (oxidized and reduced forms), cysteine, cystine and catalase. NO2- concentrations decreased with Hb, but not with any other agent, indicating that NO and/or NO2- have a strong binding reaction with Hb. The mechanism for a decrease in genotoxicity due to SOD is still unclear. However, it would appear that S-nitrosothiols in the cells can be stabilized by SOD in consideration of the S-nitrosothiols stabilizing effect of SOD reported by Kowaluk et al. (1990). In the presence of NO and superoxide anions, genotoxicity seemed to be decreased by catalase and SOD, since the former decreases the superoxide anion-induced SCE frequency, and the latter, the NO-induced frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tanaka
- Department of Nursing, Akita Keijo College, Japan
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Abstract
Nitroxides are antioxidant compounds that have been shown to provide radioprotection in vivo and in vitro. Radioprotection in vivo is limited by toxicity, which appears to be neurologic in nature. To further evaluate the toxicity of these compounds, three representative nitroxides, Tempol, Tempamine, and Tempo, were examined in slices of guinea pig hippocampus. Each nitroxide increased the population spike and caused potentiation of excitatory postsynaptic potential--spike coupling. Repetitive activity and epileptiform activity were observed at the highest concentrations of Tempo and Tempamine. Tempol was the least toxic compound in this system, followed by Tempamine and Tempo. Additional studies are necessary to further define the effects of nitroxides on the central nervous system and to develop strategies to mitigate these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Hahn
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Flesch IE, Kaufmann SH. Mechanisms involved in mycobacterial growth inhibition by gamma interferon-activated bone marrow macrophages: role of reactive nitrogen intermediates. Infect Immun 1991; 59:3213-8. [PMID: 1908829 PMCID: PMC258155 DOI: 10.1128/iai.59.9.3213-3218.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine bone marrow-derived macrophages are able to inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium bovis after stimulation with recombinant gamma interferon. This antimycobacterial activity was inhibited by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, a specific inhibitor of nitrite and nitrate synthesis from L-arginine. Furthermore, there was a complete lack of mycobacterial growth inhibition in a medium deficient in L-arginine. Nitrite is generated by gamma interferon-activated bone marrow-derived macrophages after infection with M. bovis, and a correlation between mycobacterial growth inhibition and nitrite production was observed. These results indicate that reactive nitrogen intermediates derived from L-arginine are crucially involved in macrophage antimycobacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I E Flesch
- Department of Immunology, University of Ulm, Federal Republic of Germany
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Stadler J, Curran RD, Ochoa JB, Harbrecht BG, Hoffman RA, Simmons RL, Billiar TR. Effect of endogenous nitric oxide on mitochondrial respiration of rat hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo. Arch Surg 1991; 126:186-91. [PMID: 1899557 DOI: 10.1001/archsurg.1991.01410260074010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide, a highly reactive radical, was recently identified as an intermediate of L-arginine metabolism in mammalian cells. We have shown that nitric oxide synthesis is induced in vitro in cultured hepatocytes by supernatants from activated Kupffer cells or in vivo by injecting rats with nonviable Corynebacterium parvum. In both cases, nitric oxide biosynthesis in hepatocytes was associated with suppression of total protein synthesis. This study attempts to determine the effect of nitric oxide biosynthesis on the activity of specific hepatocytic mitochondrial enzymes and to determine whether inhibition of protein synthesis is caused by suppression of energy metabolism. Exposure of hepatocytes to supernatants from activated Kupffer cells led to a 30% decrease of aconitase (Krebs cycle) and complex I (mitochondrial electron transport chain) activity. Using NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, we demonstrated that the inhibition of mitochondrial aconitase activity was due, in part, to the action of nitric oxide. In contrast, in vivo nitric oxide synthesis of hepatocytes from Corynebacterium parvum-treated animals had no effect on mitochondrial respiration. This suggests that inhibition of protein synthesis by nitric oxide is not likely to be mediated by inhibition of energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stadler
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261
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Pierzchaå W, Kośmider S, Wysocki J. [Effect of nitrogen oxides and products of their neutralization with gaseous ammonia on the mechanical properties of the lungs]. Pneumonol Pol 1978; 46:419-24. [PMID: 693330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Kośmider S, Misiewicz A. [Effect of nitrogen oxides bonding by ammonia on the level of properdin, the phagocytic action of leukocytes and on the immunoelectrophoretic picture of blood serum]. Patol Pol 1977; 28:501-13. [PMID: 600588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Kośmider S, Misiewicz A, Pasiewicz J. [Effect of binding of nitrogen oxides with gaseous ammonia on the occurrence of changes in the central nervous system]. Neuropatol Pol 1974; 12:413-24. [PMID: 4419185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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