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Pang X, Liu X. Immune Dysregulation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Immunol Invest 2024; 53:652-694. [PMID: 38573590 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2024.2334296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease whose incidence increase with age and is characterised by chronic inflammation and significant immune dysregulation. Inhalation of toxic substances cause oxidative stress in the lung tissue as well as airway inflammation, under the recruitment of chemokines, immune cells gathered and are activated to play a defensive role. However, persistent inflammation damages the immune system and leads to immune dysregulation, which is mainly manifested in the reduction of the body's immune response to antigens, and immune cells function are impaired, further destroy the respiratory defensive system, leading to recurrent lower respiratory infections and progressive exacerbation of the disease, thus immune dysregulation play an important role in the pathogenesis of COPD. This review summarizes the changes of innate and adaptive immune-related cells during the pathogenesis of COPD, aiming to control COPD airway inflammation and improve lung tissue remodelling by regulating immune dysregulation, for further reducing the risk of COPD progression and opening new avenues of therapeutic intervention in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Pang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoju Liu
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Sato T, Head KZ, Li J, Dolin CE, Wilkey D, Skirtich N, Smith K, McCreary DD, Liu S, Beier JI, Singhi AD, McEnaney RM, Merchant ML, Arteel GE. Fibrosis resolution in the mouse liver: Role of Mmp12 and potential role of calpain 1/2. Matrix Biol Plus 2023; 17:100127. [PMID: 36632559 PMCID: PMC9826883 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2022.100127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although most work has focused on resolution of collagen ECM, fibrosis resolution involves changes to several ECM proteins. The purpose of the current study was twofold: 1) to examine the role of MMP12 and elastin; and 2) to investigate the changes in degraded proteins in plasma (i.e., the "degradome") in a preclinical model of fibrosis resolution. Fibrosis was induced by 4 weeks carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) exposure, and recovery was monitored for an additional 4 weeks. Some mice were treated with daily MMP12 inhibitor (MMP408) during the resolution phase. Liver injury and fibrosis was monitored by clinical chemistry, histology and gene expression. The release of degraded ECM peptides in the plasma was analyzed using by 1D-LC-MS/MS, coupled with PEAKS Studio (v10) peptide identification. Hepatic fibrosis and liver injury rapidly resolved in this mouse model. However, some collagen fibrils were still present 28d after cessation of CCl4. Despite this persistent collagen presence, expression of canonical markers of fibrosis were also normalized. The inhibition of MMP12 dramatically delayed fibrosis resolution under these conditions. LC-MS/MS analysis identified that several proteins were being degraded even at late stages of fibrosis resolution. Calpains 1/2 were identified as potential new proteases involved in fibrosis resolution. CONCLUSION. The results of this study indicate that remodeling of the liver during recovery from fibrosis is a complex and highly coordinated process that extends well beyond the degradation of the collagenous scar. These results also indicate that analysis of the plasma degradome may yield new insight into the mechanisms of fibrosis recovery, and by extension, new "theragnostic" targets. Lastly, a novel potential role for calpain activation in the degradation and turnover of proteins was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Sato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, United States
| | - Kimberly Z. Head
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, United States
| | - Christine E. Dolin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
| | - Daniel Wilkey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
| | - Nolan Skirtich
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Katelyn Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Dylan D. McCreary
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Sylvia Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Juliane I. Beier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, United States
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Aatur D. Singhi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Ryan M. McEnaney
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Michael L. Merchant
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
| | - Gavin E. Arteel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, United States
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
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Gallyamova LF, Nurgalieva AK, Khidiyatov II, Nasibullin TR, Munasypov FR, Khusnutdinov SM, Rakhimov RR, Abdeev RR, Sakaeva DD, Khusnutdinova EK. The Role of Polymorphic Variants of Several Genes of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Tissue Inhibitors in the Development of Gastric Cancer. RUSS J GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795421050021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Çağırır Dindaroğlu F, Eronat N, Durmaz A, Çoğulu D, Durmaz B, Çoğulu Ö. The association between genetic polymorphisms in matrix metalloproteinases and caries experience. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:5403-5410. [PMID: 33638713 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03848-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The variation in the caries susceptibility while environmental factors are similar indicates that the effect of individual factors such as genetics on caries process and tooth development should be revealed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between genetic polymorphisms in MMP13 (rs2252070) and MMP20 (rs1784418) with caries experience. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 subjects aged 6 to 14 years. Demographic data, data on oral health habits were obtained through the statements of guardian of the individuals, caries data was collected by clinical examination. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected to extract the genomic DNA. Genotyping of the selected polymorphisms was carried out by real-time PCR. Allele and genotype frequencies were compared between different subgroups considering caries experience. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 by chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Allele distribution of MMP13 was different between caries-affected and caries-free subjects. MMP13 A allele increased the caries risk (p=0.005, OR=1.84, 95% CI 1.20-2.82). Allele and genotype distribution of the polymorphism in MMP20 were not associated with caries experience (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that the genetic variation in MMP13 was associated with the caries experience in selected subjects in Turkey. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The knowledge regarding association between the MMP genes and caries experience, might benefit the clinical practice, improving caries-preventive and caries-therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda Çağırır Dindaroğlu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey. .,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Nesrin Eronat
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Asude Durmaz
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Dilşah Çoğulu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Burak Durmaz
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Özgür Çoğulu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Yang H, Zhang C, Wu J, Xiao W, Xie X, Zeng Z, Chen K, Wang W, An X, Tang W, Huang Q. Association of matrix metalloproteinase-12 polymorphisms with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk: A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21543. [PMID: 32756209 PMCID: PMC7402750 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a multifactorial disease with gene-environment interaction leading to airflow limitation through the respiratory tract. Reports on the association of matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP-12) polymorphisms with COPD have been controversial. A new systematic evaluation which could examine whether MMP-12 mutations are associated with the susceptibility to COPD is needed. METHODS We will search PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Google Scholar to obtain eligible case-control studies for meta-analysis. The time is limited from the construction of the library to July 2020. Two investigators systematically will extract relevant data within those included studies.The odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals will be used to assess the genetic association between the allelic, dominant and recessive models of MMP-12 gene polymorphisms and COPD risk. Stata 12.0 software and Revman 5.3 will be adopted for statistical analysis. This protocol reported under the Preferred Reporting ltems for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols statement. RESULTS This study will provide a better understanding of the association between MMP-12 polymorphisms and COPD risk. CONCLUSION Publishing this protocol will minimise the possibility of bias due to post hoc changes to the analysis protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jianying Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine
| | | | - Zhu Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine
| | | | | | - Xing An
- Department of Respiratory Medicine
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Matrix Metalloproteinase Genes ( MMP1, MMP10, MMP12) on Chromosome 11q22 and the Risk of Non-Contact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Ruptures. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11070766. [PMID: 32650441 PMCID: PMC7397146 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sequence variants within the matrix metalloproteinases genes remain plausible biological candidates for further investigation of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture risk. The aim of the present study was to establish whether variants within the MMP1 (rs1799750, ->G), MMP10 (rs486055, C > T) and MMP12 (rs2276109, T > C) genes were associated with non-contact ACL rupture in a Polish cohort. Methods: The unrelated, self-reported Polish Caucasian participants consisted of 228 (157 male) individuals with primary non-contact ACL rupture and 202 (117 male) participants without any history of ACL rupture. All samples were genotyped in duplicate using the Applied Biosystems TaqMan® methodology. The statistical analyses were involved in determining the distribution of genotype and allele frequencies for the investigated polymorphisms between the diagnostic groups. Furthermore, pseudo-haplotypes were constructed to assess possible gene–gene interactions. Results: All genotype frequencies in the ACL rupture and control groups conformed to Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium expectations. None of the polymorphisms were associated with risk of non-contact ACL rupture under the codominant, dominant, recessive and over-dominant genetic models. Likewise, no genotype–genotype combinations inferred as “haplotypes” as a proxy of gene–gene interactions were associated with the risk of non-contact ACL ruptures. Conclusions: Despite the fact that the current study did not support existing evidence suggesting that variants within the MMP1, MMP10, and MMP12 genes influence non-contact ACL rupture risk, future work should include high-throughput sequencing technologies to identify potential targeted polymorphisms to fully characterize the 11q22 region with susceptibility to non-contact ACL rupture susceptibility in a Polish cohort.
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Gilowska I, Majorczyk E, Kasper Ł, Bogacz K, Szczegielniak J, Kasper M, Kaczmarski J, Skomudek A, Czerwinski M, Sładek K. The role of MMP-12 gene polymorphism - 82 A-to-G (rs2276109) in immunopathology of COPD in polish patients: a case control study. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 20:19. [PMID: 30658596 PMCID: PMC6339316 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0751-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Major symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are chronic bronchitis and emphysema leading from lung tissue destruction, that is an effect of an imbalance between metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors activity. As potential factor involved in this COPD pathogenesis, MMP-12 is considered. We investigated the role of genetic polymorphism and protein level of MMP-12 in the COPD development among Poles. Methods We analyzed − 82 A > G SNP in the promoter region of MMP-12 gene (rs2276109) among 335 smoked COPD patients and 309 healthy individuals, including 110 smokers. Additionally, 60 COPD patients and 61 controls (23 smokers) were tested for serum levels of MMP-12 using ELISA. All subjects were analyzed for lung function using spirometry (FEV1% and FEV1/FVC parameters). Results We observed that -82G allele and -82GG homozygous genotype frequencies of the SNP rs2276109 were significantly lower in COPD patients than in controls (12.5% vs 16.9%, respectively; χ2 = 4.742, p = 0.02 for allele and 0.5% vs 3.9%, respectively; χ2 = 9.0331, p = 0.01 for genotype). Moreover, −82G allele was more frequent in controls smokers than in non-smokers (22.3% vs 14.1%, χ2 = 6.7588, p = 0.01). Serum level of MMP-12 was significantly higher in COPD patients than in controls groups (6.8 ng/ml vs 3.3 ng/ml, respectively; F = 7.433, p < 0.0001), although independently of analyzed gene polymorphisms. Additionally, no correlation between parameters of lung function (FEV1% and FEV1/FVC) and protein level was found. Conclusions We found that -82G allele of SNP rs2276109 was associated with reduced risk of COPD, and COPD patients released more MMP-12 than healthy individuals, but independently on this SNP. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12881-019-0751-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Gilowska
- Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Proszkowska street 76, 45-758, Opole, Poland
| | - Edyta Majorczyk
- Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Proszkowska street 76, 45-758, Opole, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Kasper
- Second Department of Internal Medicine of Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Skawińska street 8, 31-066, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bogacz
- Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Proszkowska street 76, 45-758, Opole, Poland
| | - Jan Szczegielniak
- Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Proszkowska street 76, 45-758, Opole, Poland
| | - Marta Kasper
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Michałowskiego street 12, 31-126, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jacek Kaczmarski
- Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Proszkowska street 76, 45-758, Opole, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Skomudek
- Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Proszkowska street 76, 45-758, Opole, Poland
| | - Marcin Czerwinski
- Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Proszkowska street 76, 45-758, Opole, Poland.,Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla street 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Sładek
- Second Department of Internal Medicine of Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Skawińska street 8, 31-066, Kraków, Poland
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Tacheva T, Dimov D, Aleksandrova E, Bialecka M, Gulubova M, Vlaykova T. MMP12 -82 A>G Promoter Polymorphism in Bronchial Asthma in a Population of Central Bulgaria. Lab Med 2018; 49:211-218. [PMID: 29390099 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmx085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A characteristic feature of inflamed lungs in bronchial asthma (BA) is airway remodeling. Due to limited information on this topic in the literature, we aimed to explore the possible role of polymorphisms in the promoter region of the macrophage elastase gene MMP12 82A>G (rs2276109) as a predisposing factor for BA in an ethnic Bulgarian population. Using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified fragments (PCR-RFLP), we performed genotype analysis of 58 patients and 119 control individuals. We found statistically significant differences in the distribution of genotypes (P = .008) and alleles (P = .004) between patients and nonaffected controls. In the dominant model, carriers of the G allele genotypes had 3.6-fold lower risk for BA, compared with those with the AA genotype, after adjustment for age and sex (odds ratio [OR], -0.277; 95% confidence interval [CI], .12-.65; P = .003). The results of our study suggest that the variant G allele of the MMP12 -82 A>G promoter polymorphism might be considered protective for development of BA in ethnic Bulgarian adults residing in central Bulgaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Tacheva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Dimo Dimov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Elina Aleksandrova
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Monika Bialecka
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maya Gulubova
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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Misra S, Talwar P, Kumar A, Kumar P, Sagar R, Vibha D, Pandit AK, Gulati A, Kushwaha S, Prasad K. Association between matrix metalloproteinase family gene polymorphisms and risk of ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 29 studies. Gene 2018; 672:180-194. [PMID: 29906531 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke (IS) is a complex and devastating vascular disease that has become one of the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide. Several studies have shown the association between matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family gene polymorphisms and IS. However, the results have been indecisive. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between Matrix Metalloproteinase gene polymorphisms and risk of IS. METHODS A literature search for eligible candidate gene studies published before, 28 June 2017, was conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane and Google Scholar databases. The following combinations of main keywords were used: ('Matrix Metalloproteinase' or 'MMP' or 'Stromelysin-1' or 'Gelatinase b') AND ('ischemic stroke' or 'IS') AND ('single nucleotide polymorphism' or 'gene polymorphism' or 'SNP'). Fixed or random effects models were used to estimate the Pooled Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Statistical analysis was carried out by using STATA version 13.0 software. RESULTS Total 29 studies were included in our meta-analysis. A significant association was observed for MMP-9 (-1562C/T) (OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.53; p value = 0.01) and MMP-12 (-1082 A/G) (OR 2.55; 95% CI 1.75 to 3.71; p value<0.001) gene polymorphisms and risk of IS. No significant association was found for any of the MMP-1(-1607 1G/2G), MMP-2 (-1306C/T) & (-735C/T) and MMP-3 (-1612 5A/6A) gene polymorphisms with the risk of IS. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis suggests that MMP-9 (-1562C/T) and MMP-12 (-1082 A/G) gene polymorphisms could be a risk factor for IS while MMP-1 (-1607 1G/2G), MMP-2 (-1306C/T) & (-735C/T) and MMP-3 (-1612 5A/6A) have no association with the risk of causing IS. However, large prospective studies with sufficient power are required to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Misra
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pumanshi Talwar
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Paediatrics, Army Hospital Research & Referral, New Delhi, India
| | - Ram Sagar
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepti Vibha
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Awadh K Pandit
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Arti Gulati
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Suman Kushwaha
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Kameshwar Prasad
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Xin X, Gu Y, Chen Y, Huang Y, Mo Z, Hu Y. Functional analysis implicating the SNP rs61552325 in ERBB2 as an effector for androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cell invasion. Oncotarget 2018; 8:33745-33755. [PMID: 28422721 PMCID: PMC5464908 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As one of the most common cancers in men, the pathogenesis of prostate cancer has been widely researched. Aberrant activation of the erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2) has been found to play a critical role in metastatic prostate cancer. In our previous study, we demonstrated that rs61552325 (Pro1140Ala) located in ERBB2 is strongly correlated to prostate cancer. Therefore, we initially studied the effect of rs61552325 on androgen-independent prostate cancer cell metastasis. Results Bioinformatic results demonstrated that the mutant Pro1140Ala likely decrease the stability of the ERBB2 protein and its interactions. The mean migration rate after 6 h for PC3 minor variant cells which carried the G allele was 1.28-fold higher than major variant PC3 cells that carried the C allele (P = 0.016). The mean invasion rate of DU145 putative minor variant cells was 0.40 reducer than negative control cells (P = 5.9E-04). Methods rs61552325 major variant (C allele) and minor variant (G allele) were produced by site directed mutagenesis and transfected into DU145 and PC3 cells. A wound healing assay was performed to compare migration abilities between alleles. After knocking down endogenous ERBB2 and then expressing the rs61552325 minor variant, invasion abilities were evaluated with a transwell assay using DU145 and PC3 cells. Conclusions Our data showed that the rs61552325 major variant decreases PC3 cell migration and its minor variant depresses DU145 cell invasion, suggesting that rs61552325 is likely an important change during prostate cancer invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxiang Xin
- Experimental Centre of Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Commission for Discipline Inspection, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yinmin Gu
- Experimental Centre of Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuanjie Huang
- Experimental Centre of Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanling Hu
- Experimental Centre of Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Hu W, Ye Y, Yin Y, Sang P, Li L, Wang J, Wan W, Li R, Bai X, Xie Y, Meng Z. Association of matrix metalloprotease 1, 3, and 12 polymorphisms with rheumatic heart disease in a Chinese Han population. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 19:27. [PMID: 29458338 PMCID: PMC5819250 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-018-0538-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is an autoimmune disease triggered by acute rheumatic fever (ARF). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in the modulation of immune responses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of MMP1, 3, and 12 promoter polymorphisms with RHD in a Han population in Southern China since the 3 genes are localized on the same chromosome and have a combined effect. METHODS DNA samples were obtained from 90 adult patients with RHD and 90 control subjects. Polymorphisms in MMP1 (rs1799750), MMP3 (rs3025058), and MMP12 (rs2276109) were genotyped by direct sequencing. Differences in genotype and allele frequencies of these polymorphisms were compared between the cases and the controls using Unconditional logistic regression models and Chi-squared test. RESULTS The 2G/2G genotype of rs1799750 in MMP1 was associated with a significantly higher risk of RHD when compared with the 1G/1G genotype (OR = 3.227; 95% CI:1.118-9.31; p = 0.03). The frequency of allele 2G was higher in patients with RHD compared to the controls (69.4% vs. 58.9%; p = 0.048) No significant differences in genotype and allele frequencies of rs3025058 in MMP3 and rs2276109 in MMP12 were found between the patients with RHD and the controls (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that rs1799750 in MMP1 might be a risk factor for RHD in a Han population in Southern China, and individuals carrying the 2G/2G genotype are likely more susceptible to RHD. In contrast, rs3025058 in MMP3 and rs2276109 in MMP12 might not contribute to the risk of developing RHD in this population. Further studies with larger samples and other ethnic populations are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Yujia Ye
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Yirui Yin
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Peng Sang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Linhua Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Wen Wan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Rui Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Xiangfeng Bai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Yuehui Xie
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Basic Medical College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Zhaohui Meng
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China.
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Bchir S, ben Nasr H, Garrouch A, ben Anes A, Abbassi A, Tabka Z, Chahed K. MMP-3 (-1171 5A/6A; Lys45Glu) variants affect serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and correlate with severity of COPD: A study of MMP-3, MMP-7 and MMP-12 in a Tunisian population. J Gene Med 2017; 20. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Bchir
- Unité de recherche UR12ES06, Physiologie de l'Exercice et Physiopathologie: de l'Intégré au Moléculaire ‘Biologie, Médecine et Santé’; Université de Sousse, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse; Tunisia
- Department of Biology; Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir; Tunisia
| | - Hela ben Nasr
- Unité de recherche UR12ES06, Physiologie de l'Exercice et Physiopathologie: de l'Intégré au Moléculaire ‘Biologie, Médecine et Santé’; Université de Sousse, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse; Tunisia
- Department of Biology; Institut des Sciences Infirmières; Sousse Tunisia
| | | | - Amel ben Anes
- Unité de recherche UR12ES06, Physiologie de l'Exercice et Physiopathologie: de l'Intégré au Moléculaire ‘Biologie, Médecine et Santé’; Université de Sousse, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse; Tunisia
| | - Ammar Abbassi
- Unité de recherche UR12ES06, Physiologie de l'Exercice et Physiopathologie: de l'Intégré au Moléculaire ‘Biologie, Médecine et Santé’; Université de Sousse, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse; Tunisia
- District Medical du Centre; CNAM; Sousse Tunisia
| | - Zouhair Tabka
- Unité de recherche UR12ES06, Physiologie de l'Exercice et Physiopathologie: de l'Intégré au Moléculaire ‘Biologie, Médecine et Santé’; Université de Sousse, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse; Tunisia
| | - Karim Chahed
- Unité de recherche UR12ES06, Physiologie de l'Exercice et Physiopathologie: de l'Intégré au Moléculaire ‘Biologie, Médecine et Santé’; Université de Sousse, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse; Tunisia
- Department of Biochemistry; Université de Sfax, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax; Tunisia
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Tacheva T, Dimov D, Aleksandrova E, Bialecka M, Gulubova M, Vlaykova T. The G allele of MMP12 -82 A > G promoter polymorphism as a protective factor for COPD in Bulgarian population. Arch Physiol Biochem 2017; 123:371-376. [PMID: 28692348 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1347690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and remodelling of the small airways are features related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In the current study, we aimed to explore the possible role of MMP12 -82 A > G (rs2276109) promoter polymorphism in the development of COPD in a population from Bulgaria (167 patients with COPD and 119 control individuals). The genotype and allele distributions differed significantly between COPD patients and controls (p = .010 and p = .043, respectively, χ2 test). The genotypes containing at least one variant G allele (AA + GG) were more frequent in the control group than in patients (36.1% vs. 22.2%) determining 2.96-fold lower risk for COPD after adjustment for age, sex and smoking habits (OR = 0.338, 95%CI: 0.168-0.682, p = .002). Our results suggest that carriers of genotypes with at least one copy of minor G allele of rs2276109 might have lower risk for COPD development, with no marked effect on the lung function and severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Tacheva
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty , Trakia University , Stara Zagora , Bulgaria
| | - Dimo Dimov
- b Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty , Trakia University , Stara Zagora , Bulgaria
| | - Elina Aleksandrova
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty , Trakia University , Stara Zagora , Bulgaria
- c Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Medical Faculty , Trakia University , Stara Zagora , Bulgaria
| | - Monika Bialecka
- d Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology , Pomeranian Medical University , Szczecin , Poland
| | - Maya Gulubova
- c Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Medical Faculty , Trakia University , Stara Zagora , Bulgaria
| | - Tatyana Vlaykova
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty , Trakia University , Stara Zagora , Bulgaria
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Metalloproteinases in atherosclerosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 816:93-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Role of MMP-1 (-519A/G, -1607 1G/2G), MMP-3 (Lys45Glu), MMP-7 (-181A/G), and MMP-12 (-82A/G) Variants and Plasma MMP Levels on Obesity-Related Phenotypes and Microvascular Reactivity in a Tunisian Population. DISEASE MARKERS 2017; 2017:6198526. [PMID: 29317790 PMCID: PMC5727656 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6198526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims The impact of MMP-1 (-519A/G, -1607 1G/2G), MMP-3 Lys45Glu (A/G), MMP-7 -181A/G, and MMP-12 -82A/G variants and plasma MMP levels on obesity and microvascular reactivity in Tunisians. Methods Our population included 202 nonobese and 168 obese subjects. Anthropometric, biochemical, and microvascular parameters were determined according to standard protocols. PCR-RFLP and ELISA were used to determine the genetic variants and levels of MMPs, respectively. Results The MMP-3 45Glu (G) allele associates with higher anthropometric values and MMP-3 levels compared to AA genotype carriers (BMI (kg/m2): 30 ± 0.51 versus 27.33 ± 0.8, P = 0.004; MMP-3 levels: 7.45 (4.77–11.91) versus 5.21 (3.60–10.21) ng/ml, P = 0.006). The MMP-12 -82G allele was also associated with higher BMI values when compared to subjects carrying the AA genotype (31.41 ± 0.85 versus 28.76 ± 0.43, P < 0.001). Individuals carrying the MMP-3 45G or MMP-12 -82G variants were also associated with a higher risk for severe forms of obesity (MMP-3: OR = 1.9, P = 0.002; MMP-12: OR = 2.63, P = 0.003). Similarly, the MMP-7 -181G allele was associated with a higher MMP-7 level and an increased risk for morbid obesity when compared to AA genotype carriers (0.32 (0.31–0.60) versus 0.18 (0.17–0.24) ng/ml, P = 0.01; OR = 1.67, P = 0.02, resp.). Conclusion MMP-3, MMP-7, and MMP-12 polymorphisms associate with obesity risk and its severity.
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Stankovic M, Nikolic A, Nagorni-Obradovic L, Petrovic-Stanojevic N, Radojkovic D. Gene–Gene Interactions Between Glutathione S-Transferase M1 and Matrix Metalloproteinases 1, 9, and 12 in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Serbians. COPD 2017; 14:581-589. [DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2017.1369022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marija Stankovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Nikolic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljudmila Nagorni-Obradovic
- Clinic for Pulmonary Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natasa Petrovic-Stanojevic
- Department of Pulmonology, Zvezdara University Medical Center, Belgrade, Serbia
- School of Dentistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragica Radojkovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Pandey KC, De S, Mishra PK. Role of Proteases in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:512. [PMID: 28848433 PMCID: PMC5550664 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is generally associated with progressive destruction of airways and lung parenchyma. Various factors play an important role in the development and progression of COPD, like imbalance of proteases, environmental and genetic factors and oxidative stress. This review is specifically focused on the role of proteases and their imbalance in COPD. There are three classes (serine, mettalo, and cysteine) of proteases involved in COPD. In serine proteases, neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase-3 are involved in destruction of alveolar tissue. Matrix-mettaloproteinase-9, 12, 13, plays an influential role in severity of COPD. Among cysteine proteases, caspase-3, caspases-8 and caspase-9 play an important role in controlling apoptosis. These proteases activities can be regulated by inhibitors like α-1-antitrypsin, neutrophil elastase inhibitor, and leukocyte protease inhibitor. Studies suggest that neutrophil elastase may be a therapeutic target for COPD, and specific inhibitor against this enzyme has potential role to control the disease. Current study suggests that Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV is a potential marker for COPD. Since the expression of proteases and its inhibitors play an important role in COPD pathogenesis, therefore, it is worth investigating the role of proteases and their regulation. Understanding the biochemical basis of COPD pathogenesis using advanced tools in protease biochemistry and aiming toward translational research from bench-to-bedside will have great impact to deal with this health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash C Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (ICMR)Bhopal, India
| | - Sajal De
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (ICMR)Bhopal, India
| | - Pradyumna K Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (ICMR)Bhopal, India
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Li T, Lv Z, Jing JJ, Yang J, Yuan Y. Matrix metalloproteinase family polymorphisms and the risk of aortic aneurysmal diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Genet 2017; 93:15-32. [PMID: 28485889 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) polymorphisms are associated with the pathogenesis of aortic aneurysmal diseases. In this study, we conducted a systematic review with an update meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between MMP family polymorphisms and aortic aneurysmal diseases. We systematically reviewed 24 polymorphisms in 8 MMP genes related to the risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), thoracic AA or thoracic aortic dissection (TAD). A total of 19 case-control studies with 15 highly studied MMP polymorphisms were included in our meta-analysis. Our results suggested that MMP2rs243865, MMP3rs3025058, MMP13rs2252070 polymorphisms were significantly associated with AAA risk, MMP2rs11643630, MMP8rs11225395 polymorphisms were correlated with TAD risk, and MMP9rs3918242 under the dominant model could increase AAA risk in hospital-based subgroup. No associations with aortic aneurysmal diseases were identified for other polymorphisms assessed in our meta-analysis. In summary, some studied MMP polymorphisms associated with the risk of aortic aneurysmal diseases are potential predictive biomarkers for the clinical application. Moreover, other MMP polymorphisms with limited studies but relevant to aortic aneurysmal formation and progression need further prospective and large investigations to confirm results.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Li
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Z Lv
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, China
| | - J-J Jing
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, China
| | - J Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Y Yuan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, China
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Barišić A, Pereza N, Hodžić A, Kapović M, Peterlin B, Ostojić S. Functional single nucleotide polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinase 7 and 12 genes in idiopathic recurrent spontaneous abortion. J Assist Reprod Genet 2016; 34:365-371. [PMID: 27987113 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-016-0848-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the potential association of matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7) -181 A/G and MMP12 -82 A/G functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) with idiopathic recurrent spontaneous abortion (IRSA) in Slovenian reproductive couples. METHODS A case-control study was conducted on 149 couples with 3 or more consecutive idiopathic spontaneous pregnancy loses and 149 women and men with at least 2 live births and no history of pregnancy complications. Genotyping of MMP7 -181 A/G and MMP12 -82 A/G SNPs was performed using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of MMP7 -181 A/G and MMP12 -82 A/G genotype, allele, or haplotype frequencies between IRSA patients and controls, as well as patients' primary and secondary IRSA. We also found no association of MMP7 -181 A/G and MMP12 -82 A/G genotypes, alleles, and haplotypes with IRSA. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence to support the association between IRSA and MMP7 -181 A/G and MMP12 -82 A/G SNPs in Slovenian reproductive couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Barišić
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 20, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Nina Pereza
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 20, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Alenka Hodžić
- Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, UMC Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miljenko Kapović
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 20, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Borut Peterlin
- Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, UMC Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Saša Ostojić
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 20, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia.
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Wagner CJ, Schultz C, Mall MA. Neutrophil elastase and matrix metalloproteinase 12 in cystic fibrosis lung disease. Mol Cell Pediatr 2016; 3:25. [PMID: 27456476 PMCID: PMC4960106 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-016-0053-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lung disease remains the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Recent studies in young children with CF diagnosed by newborn screening identified neutrophil elastase (NE), a major product released from neutrophils in inflamed airways, as a key risk factor for the onset and early progression of CF lung disease. However, the understanding of how NE and potentially other proteases contribute to the complex in vivo pathogenesis of CF lung disease remains limited. In this review, we summarize recent progress in this area based on studies in βENaC-overexpressing (βENaC-Tg) mice featuring CF-like lung disease and novel protease-specific Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensors for localization and quantification of protease activity in the lung. These studies demonstrated that NE is implicated in several key features of CF lung disease such as neutrophilic airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, and structural lung damage in vivo. Furthermore, these studies identified macrophage elastase (matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP12)) as an additional protease contributing to early lung damage in βENaC-Tg mice. Collectively, these results suggest that NE and MMP12 released from activated neutrophils and macrophages in mucus-obstructed airways play important pathogenetic roles and may serve as potential therapeutic targets to prevent and/or delay irreversible structural lung damage in patients with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudius J Wagner
- Department of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Schultz
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Department of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Cockle JV, Gopichandran N, Walker JJ, Levene MI, Orsi NM. Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Tissue Inhibitors in Preterm Perinatal Complications. Reprod Sci 2016; 14:629-45. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719107304563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chang JJ, Stanfill A, Pourmotabbed T. The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase Polymorphisms in Ischemic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081323. [PMID: 27529234 PMCID: PMC5000720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke remains the fifth leading cause of mortality in the United States with an annual rate of over 128,000 deaths per year. Differences in incidence, pathogenesis, and clinical outcome have long been noted when comparing ischemic stroke among different ethnicities. The observation that racial disparities exist in clinical outcomes after stroke has resulted in genetic studies focusing on specific polymorphisms. Some studies have focused on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). MMPs are a ubiquitous group of proteins with extensive roles that include extracellular matrix remodeling and blood-brain barrier disruption. MMPs play an important role in ischemic stroke pathophysiology and clinical outcome. This review will evaluate the evidence for associations between polymorphisms in MMP-1, 2, 3, 9, and 12 with ischemic stroke incidence, pathophysiology, and clinical outcome. The role of polymorphisms in MMP genes may influence the presentation of ischemic stroke and be influenced by racial and ethnic background. However, contradictory evidence for the role of MMP polymorphisms does exist in the literature, and further studies will be necessary to consolidate our understanding of these multi-faceted proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Chang
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38104, USA.
| | - Ansley Stanfill
- Department of Nursing and Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38104, USA.
| | - Tayebeh Pourmotabbed
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38104, USA.
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Burger MC, De Wet H, Collins M. Matrix metalloproteinase genes on chromosome 11q22 and risk of carpal tunnel syndrome. Rheumatol Int 2015; 36:413-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-015-3385-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Xiang L, Mittwede PN, Clemmer JS. Glucose Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Alterations in Diabetes. Compr Physiol 2015; 5:1815-39. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c150001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abdelnaseer M, Elfayomi N, Esmail EH, Kamal MM, Hamdy A, Samie RMA, Elsawy E. Relationship between matrix metalloproteinase-9 and common carotid artery intima media thickness. Neurol Sci 2015; 37:117-122. [PMID: 26319043 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-015-2358-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis causes significant morbidity and mortality. Carotid intima media thickness (IMT) predicts future ischaemic strok e incidence. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a considerable role in atherosclerosis and hold therapeutic promise as well. To investigate the relationship between serum level of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and common carotid artery intima media thickness (CCA-IMT) in patients with ischaemic stroke and asymptomatic subjects. Thirty patients with a previous ischaemic stroke and 30 asymptomatic volunteers were recruited. Assessment of vascular risk factors, serum level of MMP-9 and CCA-IMT on both sides was performed. The IMT of both CCAs correlated positively with the serum MMP-9 level in asymptomatic subjects (p = 0.000), even after adjustment for other risk factors. In the patients group, this positive correlation was significant for the right but not for the left CCA (right CCA: p = 0.023, left CCA: p = 0.0284). Fasting blood sugar correlated positively with serum levels of MMP-9 in asymptomatic subjects (p = 0.005) but did not correlate positively in patients. There was no significant correlation between MMP-9 and age or other investigated laboratory risk factors in either the patient or asymptomatic groups. MMP-9 is positively correlated with CCA-IMT both in stroke patients and asymptomatic subjects. This may indicate that MMP-9 is a possible therapeutic target for stroke prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged Abdelnaseer
- Neurology Department, Cairo University, 49 Misr Hilwan Elzraai Street, Maadi, Cairo, 2218, Egypt
| | - Nervana Elfayomi
- Neurology Department, Cairo University, 49 Misr Hilwan Elzraai Street, Maadi, Cairo, 2218, Egypt
| | - Eman H Esmail
- Neurology Department, Cairo University, 49 Misr Hilwan Elzraai Street, Maadi, Cairo, 2218, Egypt.
| | - Manal M Kamal
- Chemical and Clinical Pathology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hamdy
- Internal Medicine Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Enji Elsawy
- Neurology Department, Cairo University, 49 Misr Hilwan Elzraai Street, Maadi, Cairo, 2218, Egypt
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Eftekhary H, Ziaee AA, Yazdanbod M, Shahpanah M, Setayeshgar A, Nassiri M. The influence of matrix metalloproteinase-2, -9, and -12 promoter polymorphisms on Iranian patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2015; 19:300-5. [PMID: 26557778 PMCID: PMC4631297 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2015.48569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a zinc-dependant endopeptidase family that can degrade extracellular matrix components. Their dysregulation has been proven in several diseases, including cancer. Genetic variations in MMP promoter regions can alter their expression. The aim of the present study is to investigate the correlation of MMP-2 (-1306C/T), MMP-9 (-1562C/T), and MMP-12 (-82A/G) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) initiation and progression susceptibility in Iranian patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS MMP-2 (-1306C/T), MMP-9 (-1562C/T), and MMP-12 (-82A/G) SNPs were detected using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment-length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique in 70 patients and 60 healthy controls. The genotypes and allele distributions were statistically compared in patients and controls. The correlation of MMP-2 (-1306C/T) and MMP-9 (-1562C/T) polymorphisms with clinicopathological features were investigated in 53 patients. RESULTS No statistically significant differences were observed in genotype and allele frequencies of MMP-2 (-1306C/T) and MMP-9 (-1562C/T) between patients and controls (p > 0.05). In addition, no relevance was observed in MMP-2 (-1306C/T) and MMP-9 (-1562C/T) SNPs and clinicopathological features. There was no nucleotide variation in MMP-12 (-82) in the case and control groups. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that these three SNPs may have no significant association in ESCC risk in Iranian patients.
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Qintao C, Yan L, Changhong D, Xiaoliang G, Xiaochen L. Genetic polymorphism of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and coronary artery disease susceptibility: a case-control study in a Han Chinese population. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2015; 18:826-31. [PMID: 25372932 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2014.0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) receives intensive research due to its high incidence and severe impact on the quality of life. One member of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), MMP-1, has been reported to be associated with CAD. To identify the markers contributing to the genetic susceptibility to CAD, nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1799750, rs498186, rs475007, rs514921, rs494379, rs996999, rs2071232, rs1938901, and rs2239008) throughout the MMP-1 gene were genotyped using MALDI-TOF within the MassARRAY system, and the allele and genotype distributions were compared between 438 healthy controls and 411 patients with CAD from a Chinese Han population. The analysis revealed a weak association between the rs1799750 (in the promoter region) genotype distribution and CAD (p=0.022). An increased risk of CAD was significantly associated with the 2G allele of rs1799750 (p=0.005, odds ratio=1.329, 95% confidence interval=1.090-1.620, after Bonferroni corrections). Strong linkage disequilibrium was observed in three blocks (D'>0.9). Significantly more C-2G (rs498186-rs1799750) haplotypes (p=0.001 after Bonferroni corrections) were found in CAD subjects. These findings point to a role for the polymorphism in the MMP-1 promoter in CAD among a Han Chinese population and may be informative for future genetic or biological studies on CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Qintao
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University , Weihui, People's Republic of China
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Newby AC. Metalloproteinases promote plaque rupture and myocardial infarction: A persuasive concept waiting for clinical translation. Matrix Biol 2015; 44-46:157-66. [PMID: 25636537 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaque rupture provokes most myocardial infarctions. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have counteracting roles in intimal thickening, which stabilizes plaques, on the one hand and extracellular matrix destruction that leads to plaque rupture on the other. This review briefly summarizes the key points supporting the involvement of individual MMPs in provoking plaque rupture and discusses the barriers that stand in the way of clinical translation, which can be itemised as follows: structural and functional complexity of the MMP family; lack of adequate preclinical models partly owing to different expression patterns of MMPs and TIMPs in mouse and human macrophages; the need to target individual MMPs selectively; the difficulties in establishing causality in human studies; and the requirement for surrogate markers of efficacy. Overcoming these barriers would open the way to new treatments that could have a major impact on cardiovascular mortality worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Newby
- University of Bristol, School of Clinical Sciences and Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol, UK.
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Trojanek JB, Cobos-Correa A, Diemer S, Kormann M, Schubert SC, Zhou-Suckow Z, Agrawal R, Duerr J, Wagner CJ, Schatterny J, Hirtz S, Sommerburg O, Hartl D, Schultz C, Mall MA. Airway mucus obstruction triggers macrophage activation and matrix metalloproteinase 12-dependent emphysema. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 51:709-20. [PMID: 24828142 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0407oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas cigarette smoking remains the main risk factor for emphysema, recent studies in β-epithelial Na(+) channel-transgenic (βENaC-Tg) mice demonstrated that airway surface dehydration, a key pathophysiological mechanism in cystic fibrosis (CF), caused emphysema in the absence of cigarette smoke exposure. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The aim of this study was to elucidate mechanisms of emphysema formation triggered by airway surface dehydration. We therefore used expression profiling, genetic and pharmacological inhibition, Foerster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based activity assays, and genetic association studies to identify and validate emphysema candidate genes in βENaC-Tg mice and patients with CF. We identified matrix metalloproteinase 12 (Mmp12) as a highly up-regulated gene in lungs from βENaC-Tg mice, and demonstrate that elevated Mmp12 expression was associated with progressive emphysema formation, which was reduced by genetic deletion and pharmacological inhibition of MMP12 in vivo. By using FRET reporters, we show that MMP12 activity was elevated on the surface of airway macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage from βENaC-Tg mice and patients with CF. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a functional polymorphism in MMP12 (rs2276109) was associated with severity of lung disease in CF. Our results suggest that MMP12 released by macrophages activated on dehydrated airway surfaces may play an important role in emphysema formation in the absence of cigarette smoke exposure, and may serve as a therapeutic target in CF and potentially other chronic lung diseases associated with airway mucus dehydration and obstruction.
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Zhang FX, Sun DP, Guan N, Chen JJ, Huo XC, Luo JS. Association between -1562C>T polymorphism in the promoter region of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2014; 18:98-105. [PMID: 24506511 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2013.0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The present study was undertaken to determine the association between -1562C>T polymorphism in the promoter region of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. METHODS This meta-analysis was on the basis of 26 studies that included 12,776 cases and 6371 controls, heterogeneity of which was assessed by the Q-statistic test and the I(2)-statistic test. Sensitivity analysis was conducted by sequentially omitting any single study and recalculating the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Funnel plots and Egger's test were performed to test the potential publication bias. All data were analyzed by using STATA version 12.0. RESULTS We found that -1562C>T polymorphism did not contribute to the risk of CAD in the overall results. But the stratified analysis by ethnicity indicated that -1562C>T polymorphism might decrease susceptibility to CAD in Asians (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.88-1.00; ph=0.956 for CC vs. CT+TT). CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis supports the fact that -1562C>T polymorphism may have association with CAD risk in Asian populations. But further larger studies are required to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Liaoning Medical University , Jinzhou, China
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Pathophysiology of coronary vascular remodeling: relationship with traditional risk factors for coronary artery disease. Cardiol Rev 2014; 22:13-6. [PMID: 23873211 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0b013e31829dea90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and vascular remodeling is a relatively new area of investigation. We discuss the various mechanisms by which cardiovascular risk factors cause vascular remodeling. Endothelial dysfunction, lipoprotein alterations, inflammation, and platelet activation are the mechanisms by which remodeling occurs. Plaque composition also plays an important role in directing remodeling. Plaque with extensive calcification is more likely to undergo constrictive remodeling. Positive and negative remodeling is based on how these factors coordinate and determine the direction of remodeling. Matrix metalloproteinases perform a crucial role in vascular remodeling. Advanced glycation end-products are key substances involved in the negative remodeling associated with diabetes. Remodeling in hypertension can be either eutrophic or hypertrophic. Endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation lead to negative remodeling in hypertension. Dyslipidemia can be associated with either positive or negative remodeling. High high-density lipoprotein is associated with positive remodeling and high low-density lipoprotein with negative remodeling. Smoking causes endothelial dysfunction, increased oxidative stress, and decreased nitric oxide synthesis leading to inward remodeling. Aging also causes endothelial dysfunction and predisposes to negative remodeling. Knowledge of these associations can elucidate various clinical presentations and guide therapeutic choices in the future.
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Saeed HM, Alanazi MS, Parine NR, Shaik J, Semlali A, Alharbi O, Azzam N, Aljebreen A, Almadi M, Shalaby MA. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (-1306 c>t) promoter polymorphism and risk of colorectal cancer in the Saudi population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:6025-30. [PMID: 24289619 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.10.6025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is an enzyme with proteolytic activity against matrix proteins, particularly basement membrane constituents. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at -1306, which disrupts a Sp1-type promoter site (CCACC box), results in strikingly lower promoter activity with the T allele. In the present study, we investigated whether this MMP-2 genetic polymorphism might be associated with susceptibility to colorectal cancer (CRC) in the Saudi population. We also analyzed MMP-2 gene expression level sin CRC patients and 4 different cancer cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS TaqMan allele discrimination assays and DNA sequencing techniques were used to investigate the C-1306T SNP in the MMP-2 gene of Saudi colorectal cancer patients and controls. The MMP-2 gene expression level was also determined in 12 colon cancer tissue samples collected from unrelated patients and histologically normal tissues distant from tumor margins. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The MMP-2 C-1306T SNP in the promoter region was associated with CRC in our Saudi population and the MMP-2 gene expression level was found to be 10 times higher in CRC patients. The MMP-2 C-1306T SNP is significantly associated with CRC in the Saudi population and this finding suggested that MMP-2 variants might help predict CRC progression risk among Saudis. We propose that analysis of this gene polymorphism could assist in identification of patient subgroups at risk of a poor disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Mahmoud Saeed
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA E-mail :
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Dimberg J, Olsen RS, Skarstedt M, Löfgren S, Zar N, Matussek A. Polymorphism of the p38β gene in patients with colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:1093-1095. [PMID: 25120664 PMCID: PMC4114648 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways have been proposed to participate in the pathological process of cancer by affecting inflammation, proliferation, metastasis and cell survival. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; rs2235356, -1628A→G) in the promoter region of the p38β gene has been proposed as a genetic modifier for colorectal cancer (CRC) in a Chinese population. The present study evaluated the susceptibility of patients possessing this SNP to CRC, in addition to determining its association with clinical parameters in Swedish patients with CRC. Using the LightSNiP genotyping assay, this SNP was screened in 389 patients with CRC and 517 control subjects. No significant difference in the genotype distribution or in the allelic frequencies was identified between the two groups nor was any association identified with the clinical parameters. These findings indicate that the -1628A→G polymorphism of the p38β gene is not significantly associated with a susceptibility to CRC in a Swedish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dimberg
- Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, University College of Health Sciences, Jönköping, SE-551 11, Sweden
| | - Renate Slind Olsen
- Department of Laboratory Services, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, SE-551 85, Sweden ; Division of Drug Research, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping SE-581 85, Sweden
| | - Marita Skarstedt
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, SE-551 85, Sweden
| | - Sture Löfgren
- Department of Laboratory Services, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, SE-551 85, Sweden
| | - Niklas Zar
- Department of Surgery, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, SE-551 85, Sweden
| | - Andreas Matussek
- Department of Laboratory Services, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, SE-551 85, Sweden
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Traylor M, Mäkelä KM, Kilarski LL, Holliday EG, Devan WJ, Nalls MA, Wiggins KL, Zhao W, Cheng YC, Achterberg S, Malik R, Sudlow C, Bevan S, Raitoharju E, Oksala N, Thijs V, Lemmens R, Lindgren A, Slowik A, Maguire JM, Walters M, Algra A, Sharma P, Attia JR, Boncoraglio GB, Rothwell PM, de Bakker PIW, Bis JC, Saleheen D, Kittner SJ, Mitchell BD, Rosand J, Meschia JF, Levi C, Dichgans M, Lehtimäki T, Lewis CM, Markus HS. A novel MMP12 locus is associated with large artery atherosclerotic stroke using a genome-wide age-at-onset informed approach. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004469. [PMID: 25078452 PMCID: PMC4117446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have begun to identify the common genetic component to ischaemic stroke (IS). However, IS has considerable phenotypic heterogeneity. Where clinical covariates explain a large fraction of disease risk, covariate informed designs can increase power to detect associations. As prevalence rates in IS are markedly affected by age, and younger onset cases may have higher genetic predisposition, we investigated whether an age-at-onset informed approach could detect novel associations with IS and its subtypes; cardioembolic (CE), large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) and small vessel disease (SVD) in 6,778 cases of European ancestry and 12,095 ancestry-matched controls. Regression analysis to identify SNP associations was performed on posterior liabilities after conditioning on age-at-onset and affection status. We sought further evidence of an association with LAA in 1,881 cases and 50,817 controls, and examined mRNA expression levels of the nearby genes in atherosclerotic carotid artery plaques. Secondly, we performed permutation analyses to evaluate the extent to which age-at-onset informed analysis improves significance for novel loci. We identified a novel association with an MMP12 locus in LAA (rs660599; p = 2.5×10⁻⁷), with independent replication in a second population (p = 0.0048, OR(95% CI) = 1.18(1.05-1.32); meta-analysis p = 2.6×10⁻⁸). The nearby gene, MMP12, was significantly overexpressed in carotid plaques compared to atherosclerosis-free control arteries (p = 1.2×10⁻¹⁵; fold change = 335.6). Permutation analyses demonstrated improved significance for associations when accounting for age-at-onset in all four stroke phenotypes (p<0.001). Our results show that a covariate-informed design, by adjusting for age-at-onset of stroke, can detect variants not identified by conventional GWAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Traylor
- Stroke and Dementia Research Centre, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kari-Matti Mäkelä
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Laura L. Kilarski
- Stroke and Dementia Research Centre, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth G. Holliday
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - William J. Devan
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mike A. Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kerri L. Wiggins
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Wei Zhao
- Perelman School of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yu-Ching Cheng
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Research and Development Program, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sefanja Achterberg
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Malik
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Cathie Sudlow
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences and Insititute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Bevan
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Raitoharju
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Niku Oksala
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Vincent Thijs
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology - Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB - Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robin Lemmens
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology - Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB - Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arne Lindgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Agnieszka Slowik
- Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jane M. Maguire
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew Walters
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ale Algra
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Imperial College Cerebrovascular Research Unit (ICCRU), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John R. Attia
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Giorgio B. Boncoraglio
- Department of Cereberovascular Disease, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Peter M. Rothwell
- Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul I. W. de Bakker
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joshua C. Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Steven J. Kittner
- Research and Development Program, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Braxton D. Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Rosand
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - James F. Meschia
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Christopher Levi
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Cathryn M. Lewis
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh S. Markus
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Chehaibi K, Hrira MY, Nouira S, Maatouk F, Hamda KB, Slimane MN. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-12 gene polymorphisms and the risk of ischemic stroke in a Tunisian population. J Neurol Sci 2014; 342:107-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Almodóvar-García K, Kwon M, Samaras SE, Davidson JM. ANKRD1 acts as a transcriptional repressor of MMP13 via the AP-1 site. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:1500-11. [PMID: 24515436 PMCID: PMC3993579 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01357-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional cofactor ANKRD1 is sharply induced during wound repair, and its overexpression enhances healing. We recently found that global deletion of murine Ankrd1 impairs wound contraction and enhances necrosis of ischemic wounds. A quantitative PCR array of Ankrd1(-/-) (KO) fibroblasts indicated that ANKRD1 regulates MMP genes. Yeast two-hybrid and coimmunoprecipitation analyses associated ANKRD1 with nucleolin, which represses AP-1 activation of MMP13. Ankrd1 deletion enhanced both basal and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced MMP13 promoter activity; conversely, Ankrd1 overexpression in control cells decreased PMA-induced MMP13 promoter activity. Ankrd1 reconstitution in KO fibroblasts decreased MMP13 mRNA, while Ankrd1 knockdown increased these levels. MMP13 mRNA and protein were elevated in intact skin and wounds of KO versus Ankrd1(fl/fl) (FLOX) mice. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay gel shift patterns suggested that additional transcription factors bind to the MMP13 AP-1 site in the absence of Ankrd1, and this concept was reinforced by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis as greater binding of c-Jun to the AP-1 site in extracts from FLOX versus KO fibroblasts. We propose that ANKRD1, in association with factors such as nucleolin, represses MMP13 transcription. Ankrd1 deletion additionally relieved MMP10 transcriptional repression. Nuclear ANKRD1 appears to modulate extracellular matrix remodeling by MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karinna Almodóvar-García
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Minjae Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Susan E. Samaras
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Davidson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Wieczorek E, Wasowicz W, Gromadzinska J, Reszka E. Functional polymorphisms in the matrix metalloproteinase genes and their association with bladder cancer risk and recurrence: a mini-review. Int J Urol 2014; 21:744-52. [PMID: 24635493 DOI: 10.1111/iju.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Molecular pathogenesis of muscle invasive bladder cancer and non-muscle invasive bladder cancer is incompletely elucidated. It is believed that matrix metalloproteinases, which are involved in the processes of uncontrolled extracellular matrix substrates degradation and participate in modulating the activity of a variety of non-matrix proteins, can contribute to carcinogenesis. Polymorphisms in the MMP genes associated with unique genomic changes in bladder cancer patients are still being investigated to discover direct links with pathophysiological mechanisms. Because of the functional polymorphisms in the MMP genes, which have a proven or likely effect on their protein expression, they could possibly affect the tumor process. The current mini-review synthesizes findings regarding the association of genetic polymorphisms in the MMP genes with bladder cancer risk and recurrence in patients. We discuss the current views on the feasibility of genetic polymorphisms in the MMP1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9 and 12 genes as a risk, and prognostic markers for patients with bladder cancer. The majority of the research described in the present mini-review proves that the genetic polymorphism in the MMP1 (rs1799750) is the most widely studied, and suggests that the rare genotype, 2G2G, of that gene might show increased susceptibility for bladder cancer, especially among smokers. However, existing statistically significant associations between the genetic polymorphisms in the MMP genes and bladder cancer risk have not been clearly shown, and further studies are necessary in order to positively confirm them or dispel potential false hopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Wieczorek
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
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Cho MH, McDonald MLN, Zhou X, Mattheisen M, Castaldi PJ, Hersh CP, Demeo DL, Sylvia JS, Ziniti J, Laird NM, Lange C, Litonjua AA, Sparrow D, Casaburi R, Barr RG, Regan EA, Make BJ, Hokanson JE, Lutz S, Dudenkov TM, Farzadegan H, Hetmanski JB, Tal-Singer R, Lomas DA, Bakke P, Gulsvik A, Crapo JD, Silverman EK, Beaty TH. Risk loci for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a genome-wide association study and meta-analysis. THE LANCET. RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2014; 2:214-25. [PMID: 24621683 PMCID: PMC4176924 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(14)70002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic risk factors for susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are still largely unknown. Additional genetic variants are likely to be identified by genome-wide association studies in larger cohorts or specific subgroups. We sought to identify risk loci for moderate to severe and severe COPD with data from several cohort studies. METHODS We combined genome-wide association analysis data from participants in the COPDGene study (non-Hispanic white and African-American ethnic origin) and the ECLIPSE, NETT/NAS, and Norway GenKOLS studies (self-described white ethnic origin). We did analyses comparing control individuals with individuals with moderate to severe COPD and with a subset of individuals with severe COPD. Single nucleotide polymorphisms yielding a p value of less than 5 × 10(-7) in the meta-analysis at loci not previously described were genotyped in individuals from the family-based ICGN study. We combined results in a joint meta-analysis (threshold for significance p<5 × 10(-8)). FINDINGS Analysis of 6633 individuals with moderate to severe COPD and 5704 control individuals confirmed association at three known loci: CHRNA3 (p=6·38 × 10(-14)), FAM13A (p=1·12 × 10(-14)), and HHIP (p=1·57 × 10(-12)). We also showed significant evidence of association at a novel locus near RIN3 (p=5·25 × 10(-9)). In the overall meta-analysis (ie, including data from 2859 ICGN participants), the association with RIN3 remained significant (p=5·4 × 10(-9)). 3497 individuals were included in our analysis of severe COPD. The effect estimates for the loci near HHIP and CHRNA3 were significantly stronger in severe disease than in moderate to severe disease (p<0·01). We also identified associations at two additional loci: MMP12 (overall joint meta-analysis p=2·6 × 10(-9)) and TGFB2 (overall joint meta-analysis p=8·3 × 10(-9)). INTERPRETATION We have confirmed associations with COPD at three known loci and identified three new genome-wide significant associations. Genetic variants other than in α-1 antitrypsin increase the risk of COPD. FUNDING US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; the Alpha-1 Foundation; the COPD Foundation through contributions from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, and Sepracor; GlaxoSmithKline; Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services; Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; and US Department of Veterans Affairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Merry-Lynn N McDonald
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter J Castaldi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Craig P Hersh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dawn L Demeo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jody S Sylvia
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Ziniti
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nan M Laird
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Augusto A Litonjua
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Sparrow
- School of Public Health and School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard Casaburi
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - R Graham Barr
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Regan
- National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - John E Hokanson
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sharon Lutz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Statistics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tanda Murray Dudenkov
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Homayoon Farzadegan
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jacqueline B Hetmanski
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruth Tal-Singer
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, King Of Prussia, PA, USA
| | | | - Per Bakke
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Amund Gulsvik
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Edwin K Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Terri H Beaty
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Arja C, Ravuri RR, Pulamaghatta VN, Surapaneni KM, Raya P, Adimoolam C, Kanala KR. Genetic determinants of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in South Indian male smokers. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89957. [PMID: 24587150 PMCID: PMC3933698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, upon exposure to tobacco smoke, is the cumulative effect of defects in several genes. With the aim of understanding the genetic structure that is characteristic of our patient population, we selected forty two single nucleotide polymorphisms of twenty genes based on previous studies and genotyped a total of 382 samples, which included 236 patients and 146 controls using Sequenom MassARRAY system. Allele frequencies of rs2276109 (MMP12) and rs1800925 (IL13) differed significantly between patients and controls (p = 0.013 and 0.044 respectively). Genotype analysis showed association of rs2276109 (MMP12) under additive and dominant models (p = 0.017, p = 0.012 respectively), rs1800925 (IL13) under additive model (p = 0.047) and under recessive model, rs1695 (GSTP1; p = 0.034), rs729631, rs975278, rs7583463 (SERPINE2; p = 0.024, 0.024 and 0.012 respectively), rs2568494, rs10851906 (IREB2; p = 0.026 and 0.041 respectively) and rs7671167 (FAM13A; p = 0.029). The minor alleles of rs1695 (G), rs7671167 (T), rs729631 (G), rs975278 (A) and rs7583463 (A) showed significant negative association whereas those of rs2276109 (G), rs2568494 (A), rs10851906 (G) and rs1800469 (T; TGF-β) showed significant positive association with lung function under different genetic models. Haplotypes carrying A allele of rs2276109, G allele of rs1695 showed negative correlation with lung function. Haplotypes carrying major alleles of rs7671167 (C) of FAM13A and rs729631 (C), rs975278 (G), rs7583463 (C) of SERPINE2 had protective effect on lung function. Haplotypes of IREB2 carrying major alleles of rs2568494 (G), rs2656069 (A), rs10851906 (A), rs965604 (C) and minor alleles of rs1964678 (T), rs12593229 (T) showed negative correlation with lung function. In conclusion, our study replicated the results of most of the previous studies. However, the positive correlation between the minor alleles of rs2568494 (A) and rs10851906 (G) of IREB2 and lung function needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cholendra Arja
- Department Of Anthropology, Division Of Human Genetics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Krishna Mohan Surapaneni
- Department Of Biochemistry, Saveetha Medical College & Hospital, Faculty Of Medicine, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Premanand Raya
- Premananda Allergy And Chest Hospital, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Kodanda Reddy Kanala
- Department Of Anthropology, Division Of Human Genetics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
- * E-mail:
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Kumar M, Phougat N, Ruhil S, Dhankhar S, Balhara M, Chhillar AK. Genomics of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD); Exploring the SNPs of Protease-Antiprotease Pathway. Curr Genomics 2013; 14:204-13. [PMID: 24179443 PMCID: PMC3664470 DOI: 10.2174/1389202911314030006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The COPD has been an important respiratory condition that affects people worldwide and its incidence has been alarming. The increasing incidence of this disorder has been attributed to global industrialization and environmental pollution. Although the exposures to environmental pollutants and smoking have been important triggers, the genetic component of individuals has been shown to be important for development and progression of COPD. Recent literature reported that protease-antiprotease imbalance to be important in etiopathogenesis of COPD. The enzymes namely neutrophil elastase and matrix metalloprotienases are considered to be foremost proteolytic molecules released by neutrophils and macrophages during inflammatory events in COPD. Normally, the lungs remain protected from the destructive effect of these two antiproteases by α1-antitrypsin (α1AT) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) respectively. In this review, we are trying to highlight the work by various research groups in exploring the SNPs of various genes of inflammatory pathways and the protease-antiprotease pathway, which may have some degree of association with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Panayiotou AG, Griffin MB, Tyllis T, Georgiou N, Bond D, Humphries SE, Nicolaides AN. Association of genotypes at the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) loci with carotid IMT and presence of carotid and femoral atherosclerotic plaques. Vasc Med 2013; 18:298-306. [DOI: 10.1177/1358863x13502698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to test the association between matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP) genetic polymorphisms and (a) intima–media thickness in the common carotid (IMTcc) and (b) the presence of plaques in the carotid and femoral bifurcations. Carotid and femoral bifurcations were scanned with ultrasound in 762 Cypriot community dwellers (46% men) over the age of 40 years. IMTcc and the presence of plaques were recorded. The MMP1 1G/2G, MMP3 5A/6A, MMP7 -181A>G, MMP9 R279Q, and MMP12 -82A>G polymorphisms were determined with the TaqMan method. In men, the presence of plaques in any bifurcation was associated with the MMP9 279Q allele (ORadjusted=4.50; 95% CI=2.0 to 10.1; p<0.001) and the MMP7 -181A allele was associated with the presence of femoral plaques (ORadjusted=2.61; 95% CI=1.36 to 4.99; p=0.004). In women, the presence of femoral plaques was associated with the MMP12 -82G allele (ORadjusted=1.9; 95% CI=1.14 to 3.16; p=0.014). Our results suggest that the effect of common MMP genotypes on plaque presence may be site- and sex-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrie G Panayiotou
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health in association with Harvard School of Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Maura B Griffin
- Vascular Noninvasive Screening and Diagnostic Centre, London, UK
| | | | - Niki Georgiou
- Vascular Screening and Diagnostic Centre, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Dawn Bond
- Vascular Noninvasive Screening and Diagnostic Centre, London, UK
| | - Steve E Humphries
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew N Nicolaides
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health in association with Harvard School of Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
- Vascular Noninvasive Screening and Diagnostic Centre, London, UK
- Vascular Screening and Diagnostic Centre, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Imperial College, London, UK
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Wieczorek E, Reszka E, Jablonowski Z, Jablonska E, Krol MB, Grzegorczyk A, Gromadzinska J, Sosnowski M, Wasowicz W. Genetic polymorphisms in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MPs (TIMPs), and bladder cancer susceptibility. BJU Int 2013; 112:1207-14. [PMID: 23819551 DOI: 10.1111/bju.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To elucidate genetic polymorphisms of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) MMP1 (rs1799750), MMP2 (rs243865), MMP9 (rs3918242), MMP12 (rs2276109) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) TIMP1 (rs2070584) and TIMP3 (rs9619311) genes that may be involved in susceptibility to bladder cancer (BC). PATIENTS AND METHODS We enrolled 241 patients with BC and 199 controls. Genomic DNA samples were extracted from peripheral blood and polymorphisms were analysed by high-resolution melting analysis and by real-time polymerase chain reaction using TaqMan fluorescent probes. RESULTS Of the six evaluated polymorphisms of MMPs and TIMPs, only one was found to be associated with BC risk. There was a significant difference for MMP1 (rs1799750) 2G/1G+1G/1G genotype (odds ratio [OR] 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.39-0.98; P = 0.042). Additionally, there was a joint effect of this genotype on BC risk among 'ever smokers' (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.28-0.89; P = 0.019), but not in 'never smokers'. The combined genotype MMP2 -1306C/T (rs243865) allele T with MMP9 -1562C/T (rs3918242) allele T was found to increase BC risk (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.10-3.62; P = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that genetic variations in five polymorphisms of MMPs and TIMPs are not associated with a high risk of BC. Only MMP1 polymorphism may be related to the risk of BC, notably in 'ever smokers'. Our study suggests that the effects of polymorphisms of MMPs and TIMPs on BC risk deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Wieczorek
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
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MMP expression in rheumatoid inflammation: the rs11568818 polymorphism is associated with MMP-7 expression at an extra-articular site. Genes Immun 2013; 14:162-9. [PMID: 23343931 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2012.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute to the joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Less is known of the involvement of MMPs at extra-articular sites of rheumatoid inflammation. We assessed the relative contribution from MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-7 and MMP-12 to joint and extra-articular tissue destruction and inflammation by comparing gene expression in joint synovia and subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules from RA patients. Expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3 predominated in synovia, whereas MMP-12 expression was significantly higher in rheumatoid nodules. Markedly higher MMP-7 expression distinguished a subgroup of nodules that featured infiltrating monocyte/macrophage-producing MMP-7 protein. The high MMP-7 expression in nodules was associated with the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs11568818 (-181A>G, MMP-7 promoter) and more active inflammation within the nodule lesions. Patients with such nodules had significantly earlier age of RA onset. Our findings indicate that the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3 occurs relatively independent of the tissue microenvironment with substantial expression also at extra-articular sites. MMP-12 expression reflects the involvement of monocyte/macrophages in rheumatoid inflammation. Evidence for the association between the rs11568818 SNP and increased MMP-7 expression is restricted to nodules, which indicates that consequences of the MMP-7 polymorphism are likely to manifest within aspects of immune/inflammatory activity that are monocyte/macrophage-mediated.
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Li W, Jin X, Zhou Y, Zhu M, Lin X, Hu X, Wang W, Wang F, Jin G. Lack of independent relationship between the MMP-12 gene polymorphism and carotid plaque susceptibility in the Chinese Han population. Vasc Med 2012; 17:310-6. [PMID: 22863605 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x12451513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a polymorphism in the matrix metalloproteinase-12 gene ( MMP-12 −82A/G) is correlated with serum protein levels or with the susceptibility for carotid plaques in the Chinese Han population. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was performed on the −82A/G polymorphism in the MMP-12 gene for 1314 patients with acute cerebral infarctions; 710 of these cases were diagnosed with stable plaques, 340 cases were diagnosed with vulnerable plaques and 264 cases had no plaques. At the same time, serum MMP-12 levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Compared to the AA genotype, the frequency of the AG+GG genotypes was not significantly different between the three groups (χ2 = 1.242, p = 0.537), and the frequency of the G allele of the MMP-12 gene was not different within the three subgroups (χ2 = 1.218, p = 0.544). There were no significant differences in MMP-12 protein levels among the three groups (F = 0.675, p = 0.510); similarly, there was no difference in MMP-12 protein levels between the stable plaque group and the vulnerable plaque group ( p = 0.755). There was also no difference between the vulnerable plaque group and the no plaque group ( p = 0.420). The current data suggest that the inter-individual variability in the MMP-12 gene variation may not be a risk factor for vulnerable plaques in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Li
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Taizhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Jin
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Taizhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yuanlin Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Taizhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Public Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Taizhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - XianFang Lin
- Department of Ultrasound, Taizhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Taizhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Hu
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Taizhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Wanfen Wang
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Taizhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Taizhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Guofei Jin
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Taizhou, Zhejiang, PR China
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Pérez-Hernández N, Vargas-Alarcón G, Martínez-Rodríguez N, Martínez-Ríos MA, Peña-Duque MA, Peña-Díaz ADL, Valente-Acosta B, Posadas-Romero C, Medina A, Rodríguez-Pérez JM. The matrix metalloproteinase 2-1575 gene polymorphism is associated with the risk of developing myocardial infarction in Mexican patients. J Atheroscler Thromb 2012; 19:718-27. [PMID: 22785600 DOI: 10.5551/jat.11817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Was to evaluate the role of seven matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) polymorphisms in the genetic susceptibility to develop myocardial infarction in Mexican individuals. METHODS Seven polymorphisms in the MMP genes were genotyped by 5' exonuclease TaqMan genotyping assays in 300 patients with myocardial infarction and 300 healthy unrelated controls. RESULTS A similar distribution of MMP2-1306 (rs243865), MMP2-790 (rs243864), MMP2-735 (rs22850553), MMP7-153(rs11568819), MMP7-181(rs11568818), and MMP12-82(rs2276109) polymorphisms was observed in both studied groups. On the other hand, patients showed increased frequencies of MMP2-1575 A allele and AA genotype when compared to controls (pC= 0.001; OR= 1.58 and pC= 0.036; OR= 2.37, respectively). According to the dominant model, individuals with AG+AA genotypes had a 1.65-fold increased risk of developing the disease (p= 0.002). After adjusting for known risk factors, we found a significant contribution of gender, BMI, smoking habit, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension to the inheritance model. In this analysis, individuals with the-1575 AA genotype had a 4.23-fold increased risk of developing MI (p= 0.003). On the other hand, an association of the MMP12-82 polymorphism with the extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) was observed. In our study, it was possible to distinguish two risk haplotypes and one protective haplotype for this disease in the MMP2 gene. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the MMP2-1575 (rs243866) gene polymorphism could be involved in the risk of developing myocardial infarction in Mexican individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonanzit Pérez-Hernández
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
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Mogulkoc U, Coskunpinar E, Aynaci E, Cağlar E, Ortakoylu MG, Ozkan G, Oltulu YM, Eraltan IY. Is MMP-7 gene polymorphism a possible risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Turkish patients. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2012; 16:519-23. [PMID: 22417142 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2011.0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to fixed narrowing of small airways and alveolar wall destruction (emphysema). This study was performed to test the association between MMP-7 (rs155668818) and MMP-12 (rs56184183) polymorphisms in the MMP-7 gene and COPD risk and its severity in the Turkish population. MMP-7 and MMP-12 polymorphisms were genotyped in 85 patients with COPD and 73 healthy control subjects using real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. There were significant differences in the distribution of MMP-7 genotypes but not in the frequencies of these alleles between COPD patients and controls (p=0.009, p=0.102, respectively). The MMP-7 AA genotype was found to be associated with an increased risk of COPD (p=0.004; odds ratio: 2.576; confidence interval: 1.297-5.119). The lowest values of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC in patients with GG homozygosity were determined and these values were statistically significant compared to the control subjects (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001). When the present study groups were analyzed for MMP-12 polymorphism, it was found that all the subjects had wild-type genotype for this polymorphism. These findings have suggested that MMP-7 polymorphism might be associated with the risk and progression of COPD in the Turkish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umit Mogulkoc
- Yedikule Chest Diseases and Chest Surgery, Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Mocchegiani E, Giacconi R, Costarelli L. Metalloproteases/anti-metalloproteases imbalance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: genetic factors and treatment implications. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2012; 17 Suppl 1:S11-9. [PMID: 22209925 DOI: 10.1097/01.mcp.0000410743.98087.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim is to describe the involvement of matrix metalloprotease (MMP), A Disintegrin And Metalloproteases (ADAM), tissue inhibitors of MMP (TIMP) polymorphisms and the role of α-2 Macroglobulin (α-2M) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) development and progression, with a focus on interventions with synthetic MMP inhibitors alone or associated with current drugs used in COPD therapy in order to restore MMPs/TIMPs imbalance. RECENT FINDINGS COPD is one of the major causes of death in the elderly. It is characterized by progressive development of airflow limitation manifested by decreased forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and reduction in the percentage of FEV1/forced vital capacity. The major pathogenic role is played by metalloproteases (MMPs, ADAMs)/anti-metalloproteases (TIMPs, α-2M) imbalance, which is responsible for MMP overproduction not sufficiently counteracted by TIMPs or α-2M. As a consequence, the lung extracellular matrix is destroyed with obstruction of small airways and appearance of emphysema. SUMMARY The disease is mainly caused by exposure to cigarette smoke or noxious gases and air pollutants, but also genetic factors are involved. Among them, polymorphisms of MMPs (MMP1, MMP2, MMP9, MMP12), ADAMs (ADAM33) and TIMPs (TIMP1, TIMP2) are relevant, in which the inflammation and the smoking habit play key roles especially in unfavorable allele carriers. The association between these polymorphisms and the current drugs paves the way for personalized therapy with a great impact at clinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Mocchegiani
- Translational Research Centre of Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Area, Italian National Research Centres on Ageing (INRCA), Ancona, Italy.
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Abstract
Remodeling of extracellular matrix is crucial for many physiological (cell migration, proliferation, growth, and development) and pathological (remodeling of heart, carcinogenesis, metastasis, etc.) events. Thus, the interaction between cells and extracellular matrix plays a key role in normal development and differentiation of organism and many pathological states as well. Changes in extracellular matrix are regulated by a system of proteolytic enzymes that are responsible for proteolysis of huge quantity of extracellular matrix components. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) represent the main group of regulating proteases in ECM. Ability of matrix metalloproteinases to modify the structural integrity of tissues is essential for certain aspects of normal physiology and pathology. The ability to process molecules such as growth factors, receptors, adhesion molecules, other proteinases, and proteinase inhibitors makes MMPs potent controllers of physiological and pathological events in the cell microenvironment. Overactivation of MMPs has been implicated in numerous disease states.
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Regulation of human formyl peptide receptor 1 synthesis: role of single nucleotide polymorphisms, transcription factors, and inflammatory mediators. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28712. [PMID: 22174875 PMCID: PMC3235167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The gene encoding the human formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) is heterogeneous, containing numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Here, we examine the effect of these SNPs on gene transcription and protein translation. We also identify gene promoter sequences and putative FPR1 transcription factors. To test the effect of codon bias and codon pair bias on FPR1 expression, four FPR1 genetic variants were expressed in human myeloid U937 cells fused to a reporter gene encoding firefly luciferase. No significant differences in luciferase activity were detected, suggesting that the translational regulation and protein stability of FPR1 are modulated by factors other than the SNP codon bias and the variant amino acid properties. Deletion and mutagenesis analysis of the FPR1 promoter showed that a CCAAT box is not required for gene transcription. A −88/41 promoter construct resulted in the strongest transcriptional activity, whereas a −72/41 construct showed large reduction in activity. The region between −88 and −72 contains a consensus binding site for the transcription factor PU.1. Mutagenesis of this site caused significant reduction in reporter gene expression. The PU.1 binding was confirmed in vivo by chromatin immunoprecipitation, and the binding to nucleotides −84 to −76 (TTCCTATTT) was confirmed in vitro by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Thus, similar to many other myeloid genes, FPR1 promoter activity requires PU.1. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms at −56 and −54 did not significantly affect FPR1 gene expression, despite differences in binding of transcription factor IRF1 in vitro. Inflammatory mediators such as interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and lipopolysaccharide did not increase FPR1 promoter activity in myeloid cells, whereas differentiation induced by DMSO and retinoic acid enhanced the activity. This implies that the expression of FPR1 in myeloid cells is developmentally regulated, and that the differentiated cells are equipped for immediate response to microbial infections.
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