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Xu X, Xu S, Zhang Y, Wang L, Yan C, Xu Z, Zhao Q, Qi X. Neutrophil extracellular traps formation may be involved in the association of propranolol with the development of portal vein thrombosis. Thromb Res 2024; 238:208-221. [PMID: 38733693 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2024.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nonselective β blockers (NSBBs) facilitate the development of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in liver cirrhosis. Considering the potential effect of NSBBs on neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), we speculated that NSBBs might promote the development of PVT by stimulating neutrophils to release NETs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum NETs biomarkers were measured, use of NSBBs was recorded, and PVT was evaluated in cirrhotic patients. Carbon tetrachloride and ferric chloride (FeCl3) were used to induce liver fibrosis and PVT in mice, respectively. After treatment with propranolol and DNase I, neutrophils in peripheral blood, colocalization and expression of NETs in PVT specimens, and NETs biomarkers in serum were measured. Ex vivo clots lysis analysis was performed and portal vein velocity and coagulation parameters were tested. RESULTS Serum MPO-DNA level was significantly higher in cirrhotic patients treated with NSBBs, and serum H3Cit and MPO-DNA levels were significantly higher in those with PVT. In fibrotic mice, following treatment with propranolol, DNase I significantly shortened the time of FeCl3-induced PVT formation, lowered the peripheral blood neutrophils labelled by CD11b/Ly6G, inhibited the positive staining of H3Cit and the expression of H3Cit and MPO proteins in PVT tissues, and reduced serum nucleosome level. Furthermore, the addition of DNase I to tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) significantly accelerated clots lysis as compared with tPA alone. Propranolol reduced portal vein velocity in fibrotic mice, but did not influence coagulation parameters. CONCLUSION Our study provides a clue to the potential impact of NETs formation on the association of NSBBs with the development of PVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbo Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China; Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shixue Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiyan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenghui Yan
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute of PLA, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Zihua Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingchun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Xingshun Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
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2
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Mathews R, Hinds MT, Nguyen KP. Venous thromboembolism: diagnostic advances and unaddressed challenges in management. Curr Opin Hematol 2024; 31:122-129. [PMID: 38359323 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes recent advances in developing targeted diagnostics for venous thromboembolism (VTE) and unaddressed knowledge gaps in patient management. Without addressing these critical data needs, the morbidity in VTE patients will persist. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies investigating plasma protein profiles in VTE patients have identified key diagnostic targets to address the currently unmet need for low-cost, confirmatory, point-of-care VTE diagnostics. These studies and a growing body of evidence from animal model studies have revealed the importance of inflammatory and vascular pathology in driving VTE, which are currently unaddressed targets for VTE therapy. To enhance the translation of preclinical animal studies, clinical quantification of thrombus burden and comparative component analyses between modeled VTE and clinical VTE are necessary. SUMMARY Lead candidates from protein profiling of VTE patients' plasma offer a promising outlook in developing low cost, confirmatory, point-of-care testing for VTE. Additionally, addressing the critical knowledge gap of quantitatively measuring clinical thrombi will allow for an array of benefits in VTE management and informing the translatability of experimental therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Mathews
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University
| | - Monica T Hinds
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University
| | - Khanh P Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University
- Research & Development Service, VA Portland Healthcare System
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Srivastava S, Garg I, Ghosh N, Varshney R. Therapeutic implication of MicroRNA-320a antagonist in attenuating blood clots formed during venous thrombosis. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2024; 57:699-709. [PMID: 38393674 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-024-02947-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Venous thrombosis (VT) is a complex multi-factorial disease and a major health concern worldwide. Its clinical implications include deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). VT pathogenesis involves intricate interplay of various coagulants and anti-coagulants. Growing evidences from epidemiological studies have shown that many non-coding microRNAs play significant regulatory role in VT pathogenesis by modulating expressions of large number of gene involved in blood coagulation. Present study aimed to investigate the effect of human micro RNA (hsa-miR)-320a antagonist on thrombus formation in VT. Surgery was performed on Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, wherein the inferior vena cava (IVC) was ligated to introduce DVT. Animals were divided into four groups (n = 5 in each group); Sham controls (Sham), IVC ligated-DVT (DVT), IVC ligated-DVT + transfection reagent (DVT-NC) and IVC ligated-DVT + miR320a antagonist (DVT-miR-320a antagonist). IVC was dissected after 6 h and 24 h of surgery to estimate thrombus weight and coagulatory parameters such as levels of D-dimer, clotting time and bleeding time. Also, ELISA based biochemical assays were formed to assess toxicity of miRNA antagonist in animals. Our experimental analysis demonstrated that there was a marked reduction in size of thrombus in hsa-miR-320a antagonist treated animals, both at 6 h and 24 h. There was a marked reduction in D-dimer levels in hsa-miR-320a antagonist treated animals. Also, blood clotting time was delayed and bleeding time was increased significantly in hsa-miR-320a antagonist treated rats compared to the non-treated and Sham rats. There was no sign of toxicity in treated group compared to control animals. Hsa-miR-320a antagonist could be promising therapeutic target for management of VT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Srivastava
- Pathophysiology and Disruptive Technology Division (PDT), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India.
| | - Iti Garg
- Pathophysiology and Disruptive Technology Division (PDT), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Nilanjana Ghosh
- Pathophysiology and Disruptive Technology Division (PDT), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Rajeev Varshney
- Pathophysiology and Disruptive Technology Division (PDT), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
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4
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Kral-Pointner JB, Haider P, Szabo PL, Salzmann M, Brekalo M, Schneider KH, Schrottmaier WC, Kaun C, Bleichert S, Kiss A, Sickha R, Hengstenberg C, Huber K, Brostjan C, Bergmeister H, Assinger A, Podesser BK, Wojta J, Hohensinner P. Reduced Monocyte and Neutrophil Infiltration and Activation by P-Selectin/CD62P Inhibition Enhances Thrombus Resolution in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:954-968. [PMID: 38385292 PMCID: PMC11020038 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.320016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Venous thromboembolism is a major health problem. After thrombus formation, its resolution is essential to re-establish blood flow, which is crucially mediated by infiltrating neutrophils and monocytes in concert with activated platelets and endothelial cells. Thus, we aimed to modulate leukocyte function during thrombus resolution post-thrombus formation by blocking P-selectin/CD62P-mediated cell interactions. METHODS Thrombosis was induced by inferior vena cava stenosis through ligation in mice. After 1 day, a P-selectin-blocking antibody or isotype control was administered and thrombus composition and resolution were analyzed. RESULTS Localizing neutrophils and macrophages in thrombotic lesions of wild-type mice revealed that these cells enter the thrombus and vessel wall from the caudal end. Neutrophils were predominantly present 1 day and monocytes/macrophages 3 days after vessel ligation. Blocking P-selectin reduced circulating platelet-neutrophil and platelet-Ly6Chigh monocyte aggregates near the thrombus, and diminished neutrophils and Ly6Chigh macrophages in the cranial thrombus part compared with isotype-treated controls. Depletion of neutrophils 1 day after thrombus initiation did not phenocopy P-selectin inhibition but led to larger thrombi compared with untreated controls. In vitro, P-selectin enhanced human leukocyte function as P-selectin-coated beads increased reactive oxygen species production by neutrophils and tissue factor expression of classical monocytes. Accordingly, P-selectin inhibition reduced oxidative burst in the thrombus and tissue factor expression in the adjacent vessel wall. Moreover, blocking P-selectin reduced thrombus density determined by scanning electron microscopy and increased urokinase-type plasminogen activator levels in the thrombus, which accelerated caudal fibrin degradation from day 3 to day 14. This accelerated thrombus resolution as thrombus volume declined more rapidly after blocking P-selectin. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of P-selectin-dependent activation of monocytes and neutrophils accelerates venous thrombosis resolution due to reduced infiltration and activation of innate immune cells at the site of thrombus formation, which prevents early thrombus stabilization and facilitates fibrinolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia B. Kral-Pointner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research (J.B.K.-P., P.L.S., K.H.S., A.K., R.S., K.H., H.B., B.K.P., J.W., P. Hohensinner), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II (J.B.K.-P., P. Haider, M.S., M.B., C.K., C.H., J.W.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Haider
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II (J.B.K.-P., P. Haider, M.S., M.B., C.K., C.H., J.W.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra L. Szabo
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research (J.B.K.-P., P.L.S., K.H.S., A.K., R.S., K.H., H.B., B.K.P., J.W., P. Hohensinner), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Centre for Biomedical Research and Translational Surgery (P.L.S., K.H.S., A.K., H.B., B.K.P., P. Hohensinner), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel Salzmann
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II (J.B.K.-P., P. Haider, M.S., M.B., C.K., C.H., J.W.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Mira Brekalo
- Centre for Biomedical Research and Translational Surgery (P.L.S., K.H.S., A.K., H.B., B.K.P., P. Hohensinner), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl H. Schneider
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research (J.B.K.-P., P.L.S., K.H.S., A.K., R.S., K.H., H.B., B.K.P., J.W., P. Hohensinner), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Centre for Biomedical Research and Translational Surgery (P.L.S., K.H.S., A.K., H.B., B.K.P., P. Hohensinner), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Waltraud C. Schrottmaier
- Institute for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research (W.C.S., A.A.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Kaun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II (J.B.K.-P., P. Haider, M.S., M.B., C.K., C.H., J.W.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Bleichert
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery (S.B., C.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Attila Kiss
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research (J.B.K.-P., P.L.S., K.H.S., A.K., R.S., K.H., H.B., B.K.P., J.W., P. Hohensinner), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Centre for Biomedical Research and Translational Surgery (P.L.S., K.H.S., A.K., H.B., B.K.P., P. Hohensinner), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Romana Sickha
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research (J.B.K.-P., P.L.S., K.H.S., A.K., R.S., K.H., H.B., B.K.P., J.W., P. Hohensinner), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Hengstenberg
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II (J.B.K.-P., P. Haider, M.S., M.B., C.K., C.H., J.W.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Kurt Huber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research (J.B.K.-P., P.L.S., K.H.S., A.K., R.S., K.H., H.B., B.K.P., J.W., P. Hohensinner), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria (K.H.)
- Medical Faculty, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria (K.H.)
| | - Christine Brostjan
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery (S.B., C.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Helga Bergmeister
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research (J.B.K.-P., P.L.S., K.H.S., A.K., R.S., K.H., H.B., B.K.P., J.W., P. Hohensinner), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Centre for Biomedical Research and Translational Surgery (P.L.S., K.H.S., A.K., H.B., B.K.P., P. Hohensinner), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Alice Assinger
- Institute for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research (W.C.S., A.A.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Bruno K. Podesser
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research (J.B.K.-P., P.L.S., K.H.S., A.K., R.S., K.H., H.B., B.K.P., J.W., P. Hohensinner), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Centre for Biomedical Research and Translational Surgery (P.L.S., K.H.S., A.K., H.B., B.K.P., P. Hohensinner), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Wojta
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research (J.B.K.-P., P.L.S., K.H.S., A.K., R.S., K.H., H.B., B.K.P., J.W., P. Hohensinner), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II (J.B.K.-P., P. Haider, M.S., M.B., C.K., C.H., J.W.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Hohensinner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research (J.B.K.-P., P.L.S., K.H.S., A.K., R.S., K.H., H.B., B.K.P., J.W., P. Hohensinner), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Centre for Biomedical Research and Translational Surgery (P.L.S., K.H.S., A.K., H.B., B.K.P., P. Hohensinner), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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5
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Ruan R, Chen S, Su J, Liu N, Feng H, Xiao P, Zhang X, Pan G, Hou L, Zhang J. Targeting Nanomotor with Near-Infrared/Ultrasound Triggered-Transformation for Polystage-Propelled Cascade Thrombolysis and Multimodal Imaging Diagnosis. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302591. [PMID: 38085119 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases caused by venous thromboembolism become main causes of mortality around the world. The current thrombolytic strategies in clinics are confined primarily due to poor penetration of nanoplatforms, limited thrombolytic efficiency, and extremely-low imaging accuracy. Herein, a novel nanomotor (NM) is engineered by combining iron oxide/perfluorohexane (PFH)/urokinase (UK) into liposome nanovesicle, which exhibits near-infrared/ultrasound (NIR/US) triggered transformation, achieves non-invasive vein thrombolysis, and realizes multimodal imaging diagnosis altogether. Interestingly, a three-step propelled cascade thrombolytic therapy is revealed from such intelligent NM. First, the NM is effectively herded at the thrombus site under guidance of a magnetic field. Afterwards, stimulations of NIR/US propel phase transition of PFH, which intensifies penetration of the NM toward deep thrombus dependent on cavitation effect. Ultimately, UK is released from the collapsed NM and achieves pharmaceutical thrombolysis in a synergistic way. After an intravenous injection of NM in vivo, the whole thrombolytic process is monitored in real-time through multimodal photoacoustic, ultrasonic, and color Doppler ultrasonic imagings. Overall, such advanced nanoplatform provides a brand-new strategy for time-critical vein thrombolytic therapy through efficient thrombolysis and multimodal imaging diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Ruan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, 1 Xueyuan Road, Quanzhou, 362801, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, 350001, P. R. China
| | - Jinyun Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Nan'an Hospital, 330 Xinhua Street, Quanzhou, 362300, P. R. China
| | - Ning Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, 1 Xueyuan Road, Quanzhou, 362801, P. R. China
| | - Hongjuan Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, State Key Laboratory of Photo-catalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Peijie Xiao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, 1 Xueyuan Road, Quanzhou, 362801, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, State Key Laboratory of Photo-catalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Gaoxing Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, State Key Laboratory of Photo-catalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Linxi Hou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, 1 Xueyuan Road, Quanzhou, 362801, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, 1 Xueyuan Road, Quanzhou, 362801, P. R. China
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6
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Ye M, Yu X, Yuan Y, He M, Zhuang J, Xiong S, Li J, Wang Y, Li C, Xiong X, Deng H. Design a dual-response two-photon fluorescent probe for simultaneous imaging of mitochondrial viscosity and peroxynitrite in a thrombosis model. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1287:342088. [PMID: 38182381 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Venous thromboembolism is a sudden cardiovascular disease that can lead to death, and its pathologic development is closely related to vascular viscosity and inflammation. However, direct evidence from in vivo is really scarce. The key limitation is that the combined probes cannot detect multiple markers simultaneously, which may lead to unreliable results. Therefore, to develop a single probe that can simultaneously monitor the variations of viscosity in the vascular microenvironment as well as inflammation level during venous thrombosis. RESULTS A dual-responsive two-photon fluorescent probe, Cou-ONOO, was designed and synthesized. Cou-ONOO provides a visualization tool for monitoring the viscosity of the vascular as well as the inflammatory marker ONOO‾ during thromboembolism via dual-channel simultaneous imaging. As a single probe that can recognize dual targets, Cou-ONOO effectively avoids the problems from unreliable results caused by complex synthesis and differences in intracellular localization, diffusion, and metabolism of different dyes as using combinatorial probes. Using Cou-ONOO, simultaneous imaging the variations of viscosity and ONOO‾at the cellular and tissue levels was successfully performed. In addition, Cou-ONOO also successfully visualized and tracked the viscosity of the vascular microenvironment and ONOO‾ during venous embolism in mice. SIGNIFICANCE Experimental results show that both viscosity and inflammation are abnormally overexpressed in the microenvironment at the thrombus site during venous thrombosis. An intuitive visualization tool to elucidate the variations of viscosity as well as inflammation level in the vascular microenvironment during thrombosis was provided, which will facilitate a better clinical understanding of the pathological process of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miantai Ye
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Material Science, South-central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Meng He
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Material Science, South-central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Junli Zhuang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Sizheng Xiong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yanying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Material Science, South-central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chunya Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Material Science, South-central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Hongping Deng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Yokomori R, Shirai T, Tsukiji N, Oishi S, Sasaki T, Takano K, Suzuki-Inoue K. C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2) is a key regulator of kappa-carrageenan-induced tail thrombosis model in mice. Platelets 2023; 34:2281941. [PMID: 38010137 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2023.2281941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Kappa-carrageenan (KCG), which is used to induce thrombosis in laboratory animals for antithrombotic drug screening, can trigger platelet aggregation. However, the cell-surface receptor and related signaling pathways remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the molecular basis of KCG-induced platelet activation using light-transmittance aggregometry, flow cytometry, western blotting, and surface plasmon resonance assays using platelets from platelet receptor-deficient mice and recombinant proteins. KCG-induced tail thrombosis was also evaluated in mice lacking the platelet receptor. We found that KCG induces platelet aggregation with α-granule secretion, activated integrin αIIbβ3, and phosphatidylserine exposure. As this aggregation was significantly inhibited by the Src family kinase inhibitor and spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) inhibitor, a tyrosine kinase-dependent pathway is required. Platelets exposed to KCG exhibited intracellular tyrosine phosphorylation of Syk, linker activated T cells, and phospholipase C gamma 2. KCG-induced platelet aggregation was abolished in platelets from C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2)-deficient mice, but not in platelets pre-treated with glycoprotein VI-blocking antibody, JAQ1. Surface plasmon resonance assays showed a direct association between murine/human recombinant CLEC-2 and KCG. KCG-induced thrombosis and thrombocytopenia were significantly inhibited in CLEC-2-deficient mice. Our findings show that KCG induces platelet activation via CLEC-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Yokomori
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shirai
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Nagaharu Tsukiji
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Saori Oishi
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Sasaki
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Takano
- Department of Transfusion and Cell Therapy, University of Yamanashi Hospital, Chuo, Japan
| | - Katsue Suzuki-Inoue
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
- Department of Transfusion and Cell Therapy, University of Yamanashi Hospital, Chuo, Japan
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8
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Henke PK, Nicklas JM, Obi A. Immune cell-mediated venous thrombus resolution. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2023; 7:102268. [PMID: 38193054 PMCID: PMC10772895 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2023.102268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Herein, we review the current processes that govern experimental deep vein thrombus (DVT) resolution. How the human DVT resolves at the molecular and cellular level is not well known due to limited specimen availability. Experimentally, the thrombus resolution resembles wound healing, with early neutrophil-mediated actions followed by monocyte/macrophage-mediated events, including neovascularization, fibrinolysis, and eventually collagen replacement. Potential therapeutic targets are described, and coupling with site-directed approaches to mitigate off-target effects is the long-term goal. Similarly, timing of adjunctive agents to accelerate DVT resolution is an area that is only starting to be considered. There is much critical research that is needed in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter K. Henke
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - John M. Nicklas
- Department of Medicine, Brown University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Andrea Obi
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Hearn JI, Gardiner EE. Research and Clinical Approaches to Assess Platelet Function in Flowing Blood. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:1775-1783. [PMID: 37615110 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.317048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Platelet adhesion and activation is fundamental to the formation of a hemostatic response to limit loss of blood and instigate wound repair to seal a site of vascular injury. The process of platelet aggregate formation is supported by the coagulation system driving injury-proximal formation of thrombin, which converts fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin. This highly coordinated series of molecular and membranous events must be routinely achieved in flowing blood, at vascular fluid shear rates that place significant strain on molecular and cellular interactions. Platelets have long been recognized to be able to slow down and adhere to sites of vascular injury and then activate and recruit more platelets that forge and strengthen adhesive ties with the vascular wall under these conditions. It has been a major challenge for the Platelet Research Community to construct experimental conditions that allow precise definition of the molecular steps occurring under flow. This brief review will discuss work to date from our group, as well as others that has furthered our understanding of platelet function in flowing blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- James I Hearn
- Division of Genome Science and Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Elizabeth E Gardiner
- Division of Genome Science and Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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10
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Kiouptsi K, Casari M, Mandel J, Gao Z, Deppermann C. Intravital Imaging of Thrombosis Models in Mice. Hamostaseologie 2023; 43:348-359. [PMID: 37857297 DOI: 10.1055/a-2118-2932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravital microscopy is a powerful tool to study thrombosis in real time. The kinetics of thrombus formation and progression in vivo is studied after inflicting damage to the endothelium through mechanical, chemical, or laser injury. Mouse models of atherosclerosis are also used to induce thrombus formation. Vessels of different sizes and from different vascular beds such as carotid artery or vena cava, mesenteric or cremaster arterioles, can be targeted. Using fluorescent dyes, antibodies, or reporter mouse strains allows to visualize key cells and factors mediating the thrombotic processes. Here, we review the latest literature on using intravital microscopy to study thrombosis as well as thromboinflammation following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion, infection-induced immunothrombosis, and liver ischemia reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klytaimnistra Kiouptsi
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martina Casari
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jonathan Mandel
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Zhenling Gao
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carsten Deppermann
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
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11
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Yao M, Ma J, Wu D, Fang C, Wang Z, Guo T, Mo J. Neutrophil extracellular traps mediate deep vein thrombosis: from mechanism to therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1198952. [PMID: 37680629 PMCID: PMC10482110 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1198952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a part of venous thromboembolism (VTE) that clinically manifests as swelling and pain in the lower limbs. The most serious clinical complication of DVT is pulmonary embolism (PE), which has a high mortality rate. To date, its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, and patients usually present with clinical symptoms only after the formation of the thrombus. Thus, it is essential to understand the underlying mechanisms of deep vein thrombosis for an early diagnosis and treatment of DVT. In recent years, many studies have concluded that Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) are closely associated with DVT. These are released by neutrophils and, in addition to trapping pathogens, can mediate the formation of deep vein thrombi, thereby blocking blood vessels and leading to the development of disease. Therefore, this paper describes the occurrence and development of NETs and discusses the mechanism of action of NETs on deep vein thrombosis. It aims to provide a direction for improved diagnosis and treatment of deep vein thrombosis in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Yao
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiacheng Ma
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dongwen Wu
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chucun Fang
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zilong Wang
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tianting Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital Ganzhou Hospital, Ganzhou Municipal Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianwen Mo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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12
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Lee SH, Song SY, Choi JH, Kim S, Lee HJ, Park JW, Park DH, Bae CS, Cho SS. Partial Purification and Biochemical Evaluation of Protease Fraction (MA-1) from Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii and Its Fibrinolytic Effect. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1558. [PMID: 37627553 PMCID: PMC10451839 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The antioxidative proteolytic fraction, MA-1, was partially purified from Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii. MA-1 was purified to homogeneity using a two-step procedure, which resulted in an 89-fold increase in specific activity and 42.5% recovery. SDS-PAGE revealed two proteins with a molecular weight of 48 kDa. The zymography results revealed proteolytic activity based on the MA-1 band. MA-1 was found to be stable in the presence of Na+, Ca2+, Fe3+, K+, and Mg2+. MA-1 was also stable in methanol, ethanol, and acetone, and its enzyme activity increased by 15% in SDS. MA-1 was inhibited by ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid or ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid and exerted the highest specificity for the substrate, MeO-Suc-Arg-Pro-Tyr-pNA, for chymotrypsin. Accordingly, MA-1 belongs to the family of chymotrypsin-like metalloproteins. The optimum temperature was 40 °C and stability was stable in the range of 20 to 35 °C. The optimum pH and stability were pH 5.5 and pH 4-11. MA-1 exhibited stronger fibrinolytic activity than plasmin. MA-1 hydrolyzed the Aα, Bβ, and γ chains of fibrinogen within 2 h. MA-1 exhibited an antithrombotic effect in animal models. MA-1 was devoid of hemorrhagic activity at a dose of 80,000 U/kg. Overall, our results show that M. aitchisonii produces an acid-tolerant and antioxidative chymotrypsin-like fibrinolytic enzyme, and M. aitchisonii containing MA-1 could be a beneficial functional material for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and possible complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ho Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.L.); (S.-Y.S.); (J.W.P.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Biomedical and Healthcare Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Mokpo 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yub Song
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.L.); (S.-Y.S.); (J.W.P.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Biomedical and Healthcare Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Mokpo 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hui Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gwangju University, Gwangju 61743, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.C.); (S.K.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Seung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gwangju University, Gwangju 61743, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.C.); (S.K.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Hyo-Jeong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gwangju University, Gwangju 61743, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.C.); (S.K.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Jin Woo Park
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.L.); (S.-Y.S.); (J.W.P.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Biomedical and Healthcare Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Mokpo 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hun Park
- College of Oriental Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju-si 58245, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chun-Sik Bae
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seung-Sik Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.L.); (S.-Y.S.); (J.W.P.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Biomedical and Healthcare Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Mokpo 58554, Republic of Korea
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Hoofnagle MH, Hess A, Nalugo M, Ghosh S, Hughes SW, Fuchs A, Welsh JD, Kahn ML, Bochicchio GV, Randolph GJ, Leonard JM, Turnbull IR. Defects in vein valve PROX1/FOXC2 antithrombotic pathway in endothelial cells drive the hypercoagulable state induced by trauma and critical illness. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2023; 95:197-204. [PMID: 37072887 PMCID: PMC10524206 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000003945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) causes significant morbidity and mortality after trauma. Recently, we have shown that blood flow patterns at vein valves induce oscillatory stress genes, which maintain an anticoagulant endothelial phenotype that inhibits spontaneous clotting at vein valves and sinuses, is lost in the presence of DVT in human pathological samples, and is dependent on expression of the transcription factor FOXC2. We describe an assay, modifying our mouse multiple injury system, which shows evidence of clinically relevant microthrombosis and hypercoagulability applicable to the study of spontaneous DVT in trauma without requiring direct vascular injury or ligation. Finally, we investigated whether these model findings are relevant to a human model of critical illness by examining gene expression changes by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence in veins collected from critically ill. METHODS C57/Bl6 mice were subjected to a modified mouse multiple injury model with liver crush injury, crush and pseudofracture of a single lower extremity, and 15% total blood volume hemorrhage. Serum was assayed for d-dimer at 2, 6, 24, and 48 hours after injury by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For the thrombin clotting assay, veins of the leg were exposed, 100 μL of 1 mM rhodamine (6 g) was injected retro-orbitally, and 450 μg/mL thrombin was then applied to the surface of the vein with examination of real-time clot formation via in vivo immunofluorescence microscopy. Images were then examined for percentage area of clot coverage of visible mouse saphenous and common femoral vein. Vein valve specific knockout of FOXC2 was induced with tamoxifen treatment in PROX1 Ert2Cre FOXC2 fl/fl mice as previously described. Animals were then subjected to a modified mouse multiple injury model with liver crush injury, crush and pseudofracture of a single lower extremity, and 15% total blood volume hemorrhage. Twenty-four hours after injury, we examined the valve phenotype in naive versus multiple injury animals, with and without loss of the FOXC2 gene from the vein valve (FOXC2 del ) via the thrombin assay. Images were then examined for proximity of clot formation to the valve present at the junction of the mouse saphenous, tibial, and superficial femoral vein and presence of spontaneous microthrombi present in the veins before exposure to thrombin. Human vein samples were obtained from excess tissue preserved after harvest for elective cardiac surgery and from organ donors after organ procurement. Sections were submitted for paraffin embedding and then assayed by immunofluorescence for PROX1, FOXC2, thrombomodulin, endothelial protein C receptor, and von Willebrand's factor. All animal studies were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, and all human studies reviewed and approved by the institutional review board. RESULTS After mouse multiple injuries, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for d-dimer showed evidence of products of fibrin breakdown consistent with formation of clot related to injury, fibrinolysis, and/or microthrombosis. The thrombin clotting assay demonstrated higher percentage area of vein covered with clot when exposed to thrombin in the multiple injury animals compared with uninjured (45% vs. 27% p = 0.0002) consistent with a phenotype of hypercoagulable state after trauma in our model system. Unmanipulated FoxC2 knockout mice manifest increased clotting at the vein valve as compared with unmanipulated wild type animals. After multiple injuries, wild type mice manifest increase clotting at the vein after thrombin exposure ( p = 0.0033), and equivalent to that of valvular knockout of FoxC2 (FoxC2del), recapitulating the phenotype seen in FoxC2 knockout animals. The combination of multiple injuries and FoxC2 knockout resulted in spontaneous microthrombi in 50% of the animals, a phenotype not observed with either multiple injuries or FoxC2 deficiency alone (χ 2 , p = 0.017). Finally, human vein samples demonstrated the protective vein valve phenotype of increased FOXC2 and PROX1 and showed decreased expression in the critically ill organ donor population by immunofluorescence imaging in organ donor samples. CONCLUSION We have established a novel model of posttrauma hypercoagulation that does not require direct restriction of venous flow or direct injury to the vessel endothelium to assay for hypercoagulability and can generate spontaneous microthrombosis when combined with valve-specific FOXC2 knockout. We find that multiple injuries induce a procoagulant phenotype that recapitulates the valvular hypercoagulability seen in FOXC2 knockout and, in critically ill human specimens, find evidence for loss of oscillatory shear stress-induced gene expression of FOXC2 and PROX1 in the valvular endothelium consistent with potential loss of DVT-protective valvular phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H Hoofnagle
- From the Section of Acute and Critical Care Surgery, Department of Surgery (M.H.H., A.H., S.G., S.-W.H., A.F., G.V.B., J.M.L., I.R.T.), Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (M.N.), and Department of Pathology (G.J.R.), School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Osciflex LLC (J.D.W.); and Department of Medicine (M.L.K.), Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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14
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Obi AT, Sharma SB, Elfline MA, Luke CE, Dowling AR, Cai Q, Kimball AS, Hollinstat M, Stanger L, Moore BB, Jaffer FA, Henke PK. Experimental venous thrombus resolution is driven by IL-6 mediated monocyte actions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3253. [PMID: 36828892 PMCID: PMC9951841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30149-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep venous thrombosis and residual thrombus burden correlates with circulating IL-6 levels in humans. To investigate the cellular source and role of IL-6 in thrombus resolution, Wild type C57BL/6J (WT), and IL-6-/- mice underwent induction of VT via inferior vena cava (IVC) stenosis or stasis. Vein wall (VW) and thrombus were analyzed by western blot, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry. Adoptive transfer of WT bone marrow derived monocytes was performed into IL6-/- mice to assess for rescue. Cultured BMDMs from WT and IL-6-/- mice underwent quantitative real time PCR and immunoblotting for fibrinolytic factors and matrix metalloproteinase activity. No differences in baseline coagulation function or platelet function were found between WT and IL-6-/- mice. VW and thrombus IL-6 and IL-6 leukocyte-specific receptor CD126 were elevated in a time-dependent fashion in both VT models. Ly6Clo Mo/MØ were the predominant leukocyte source of IL-6. IL-6-/- mice demonstrated larger, non-resolving stasis thrombi with less neovascularization, despite a similar number of monocytes/macrophages (Mo/MØ). Adoptive transfer of WT BMDM into IL-6-/- mice undergoing stasis VT resulted in phenotype rescue. Human specimens of endophlebectomized tissue showed co-staining of Monocyte and IL-6 receptor. Thrombosis matrix analysis revealed significantly increased thrombus fibronectin and collagen in IL-6-/- mice. MMP9 activity in vitro depended on endogenous IL-6 expression in Mo/MØ, and IL-6-/- mice exhibited stunted matrix metalloproteinase activity. Lack of IL-6 signaling impairs thrombus resolution potentially via dysregulation of MMP-9 leading to impaired thrombus recanalization and resolution. Restoring or augmenting monocyte-mediated IL-6 signaling in IL-6 deficient or normal subjects, respectively, may represent a non-anticoagulant target to improve thrombus resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea T Obi
- Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA.
- University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Cardiovascular Center - 5463, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5867, USA.
| | - Sriganesh B Sharma
- Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Megan A Elfline
- Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Catherine E Luke
- Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Abigail R Dowling
- Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Qing Cai
- Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Andrew S Kimball
- Section of Vascular Surgery, University of Alabama Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Mike Hollinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Livia Stanger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Farouc A Jaffer
- Section of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Peter K Henke
- Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
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15
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Lapointe C, Vincent L, Giguère H, Auger-Messier M, Schwertani A, Jin D, Takai S, Pejler G, Sirois MG, Tinel H, Heitmeier S, D'Orléans-Juste P. Chymase Inhibition Resolves and Prevents Deep Vein Thrombosis Without Increasing Bleeding Time in the Mouse Model. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e028056. [PMID: 36752268 PMCID: PMC10111474 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.028056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is the primary cause of pulmonary embolism and the third most life-threatening cardiovascular disease in North America. Post-DVT anticoagulants, such as warfarin, heparin, and direct oral anticoagulants, reduce the incidence of subsequent venous thrombi. However, all currently used anticoagulants affect bleeding time at various degrees, and there is therefore a need for improved therapeutic regimens in DVT. It has recently been shown that mast cells play a crucial role in a DVT murine model. The underlying mechanism involved in the prothrombotic properties of mast cells, however, has yet to be identified. Methods and Results C57BL/6 mice and mouse mast cell protease-4 (mMCP-4) genetically depleted mice (mMCP-4 knockout) were used in 2 mouse models of DVT, partial ligation (stenosis) and ferric chloride-endothelial injury model of the inferior vena cava. Thrombus formation and impact of genetically repressed or pharmacologically (specific inhibitor TY-51469) inhibited mMCP-4 were evaluated by morphometric measurements of thrombi immunochemistry (mouse and human DVT), color Doppler ultrasound, bleeding times, and enzymatic activity assays ex vivo. Recombinant chymases, mMCP-4 (mouse) and CMA-1 (human), were used to characterize the interaction with murine and human plasmin, respectively, by mass spectrometry and enzymatic activity assays. Inhibiting mast cell-generated mMCP-4, genetically or pharmacologically, resolves and prevents venous thrombus formation in both DVT models. Inferior vena cava blood flow obstruction was observed in the stenosis model after 6 hours of ligation, in control- but not in TY-51469-treated mice. In addition, chymase inhibition had no impact on bleeding times of healthy or DVT mice. Furthermore, endogenous chymase limits plasmin activity in thrombi ex vivo. Recombinant mouse or human chymase degrades/inactivates purified plasmin in vitro. Finally, mast cell-containing immunoreactive chymase was identified in human DVT. Conclusions This study identified a major role for mMCP-4, a granule-localized protease of chymase type, in DVT formation. These findings support a novel pharmacological strategy to resolve or prevent DVT without affecting the coagulation cascade through the inhibition of chymase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Lapointe
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC Canada
| | - Laurence Vincent
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC Canada
| | - Hugo Giguère
- Department of Medicine, Service of Cardiology, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC Canada
| | - Mannix Auger-Messier
- Department of Medicine, Service of Cardiology, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC Canada
| | | | - Denan Jin
- Department of Innovative Medicine Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Osaka Japan
| | - Shinji Takai
- Department of Innovative Medicine Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Osaka Japan
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology Uppsala University BMC Uppsala Sweden
| | - Martin G Sirois
- Montréal Heart Institute and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Université de Montréal Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Hanna Tinel
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals Wuppertal Germany
| | - Stefan Heitmeier
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals Wuppertal Germany
| | - Pedro D'Orléans-Juste
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC Canada
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16
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Abuduhalike R, Abudouwayiti A, Juan S, MaheMuti A. Study on the Mechanism of NLRP3/IL-1/ NF-κB Signaling Pathway and Macrophage Polarization in the Occurrence and Development of VTE. Ann Vasc Surg 2023; 89:280-292. [PMID: 36441086 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2022.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of inflammation in venous thromboembolism (VTE) has been the focus of recent research. The NLRP3/IL-1/NF-κB signaling pathway and cytokines such as IL-1, regulated by macrophage polarization, may be the key indicators of a prethrombotic state; however, the mechanisms by which they affect the occurrence of VTE remain unclear. METHODS We used neurobiological clamps to stimulate the vein wall to induce vascular endothelial damage to generate a rat model of VTE, applied enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real time-polymerase chain reaction technology to identify key proteins (IL1β, Caspase-1, NLRP3, and NF-κB P65), gene mRNA levels and protein expression levels of the NLRP3/IL-1/NF-κB signaling pathway in each group of Sprague Dawley rats, and observed the polarization state of M1 (CD86) and M2 (CD206) macrophages using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS A dark red, small thrombus developed in the inferior vena cava immediately after modeling in the model and inhibitor groups. The plasma levels of IL-1 and TNF-α, mRNA expression of key proteins (IL1β, Caspase-1, NLRP3, and NF-κB P65), and expression of key proteins (IL1β, Caspase-1, NLRP3, and NF-κB P65) in VTE model rats were significantly higher than inhibitor, sham operation, and normal control groups (P < 0.05). Six hours after VTE modeling, M1 type macrophages were more significantly increased than M2 type macrophages in thrombus tissue (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our analyses demonstrated that the nod-like receptor protein3/Interleukin-1/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway and macrophage polarization are important in the occurrence and development of VTE and that their target regulation may become a new strategy for VTE prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refukaiti Abuduhalike
- Cardiovascular Department of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Aihaidan Abudouwayiti
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Sun Juan
- Cardiovascular Department of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ailiman MaheMuti
- Cardiovascular Department of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
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17
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Gromadziński L, Paukszto Ł, Lepiarczyk E, Skowrońska A, Lipka A, Makowczenko KG, Łopieńska-Biernat E, Jastrzębski JP, Holak P, Smoliński M, Majewska M. Pulmonary artery embolism: comprehensive transcriptomic analysis in understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:10. [PMID: 36624378 PMCID: PMC9830730 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09110-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a severe disease that usually originates from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremities. This study set out to investigate the changes in the transcriptome of the pulmonary artery (PA) in the course of the PE in the porcine model. METHODS The study was performed on 11 male pigs: a thrombus was formed in each right femoral vein in six animals, and then was released to induce PE, the remaining five animals served as a control group. In the experimental animals total RNA was isolated from the PA where the blood clot lodged, and in the control group, from the corresponding PA segments. High-throughput RNA sequencing was used to analyse the global changes in the transcriptome of PA with induced PE (PA-E). RESULTS Applied multistep bioinformatics revealed 473 differentially expressed genes (DEGs): 198 upregulated and 275 downregulated. Functional Gene Ontology annotated 347 DEGs into 27 biological processes, 324 to the 11 cellular components and 346 to the 2 molecular functions categories. In the signaling pathway analysis, KEGG 'protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum' was identified for the mRNAs modulated during PE. The same KEGG pathway was also exposed by 8 differentially alternative splicing genes. Within single nucleotide variants, the 61 allele-specific expression variants were localised in the vicinity of the genes that belong to the cellular components of the 'endoplasmic reticulum'. The discovered allele-specific genes were also classified as signatures of the cardiovascular system. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this research provide the first thorough investigation of the changes in the gene expression profile of PA affected by an embolus. Evidence from this study suggests that the disturbed homeostasis in the biosynthesis of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum plays a major role in the pathogenesis of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Gromadziński
- grid.412607.60000 0001 2149 6795Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska Str 30, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Łukasz Paukszto
- grid.412607.60000 0001 2149 6795Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ewa Lepiarczyk
- grid.412607.60000 0001 2149 6795Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska Str 30, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Skowrońska
- grid.412607.60000 0001 2149 6795Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska Str 30, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Lipka
- grid.412607.60000 0001 2149 6795Department of Gynecology, and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Żołnierska Str 18, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Karol G. Makowczenko
- grid.412607.60000 0001 2149 6795Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Łopieńska-Biernat
- grid.412607.60000 0001 2149 6795Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego Str 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jan P. Jastrzębski
- grid.412607.60000 0001 2149 6795Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego Str 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland
| | - Piotr Holak
- grid.412607.60000 0001 2149 6795Department of Surgery and Radiology With Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego Str 14, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Michał Smoliński
- grid.460107.4Clinic of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, University Clinical Hospital in Olsztyn, Warszawska Str 30, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marta Majewska
- grid.412607.60000 0001 2149 6795Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska Str 30, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
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18
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Ma S, Yin S, Zheng Y, Zang R. Establishment of a mouse model for ovarian cancer-associated venous thromboembolism. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:26-35. [PMID: 36036485 PMCID: PMC9989150 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221118533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with ovarian cancer are at increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), and the cumulative incidence is high, particularly at advanced stages of this disease. Nevertheless, it is challenging to investigate the molecular mechanisms of ovarian cancer-associated VTE (OC-VTE), mainly due to the lack of a well-developed animal model for this disease. We generated a mouse model for developing OC-VTE using ovarian cancer cell injection in combination with the inferior vena cava stenosis method. The rate of thrombosis in the OC-VTE group was 50%, compared with 0 in the control group. Moreover, we conducted a proteomic analysis using platelets from these models and revealed differentially expressed proteins between the OC-VTE and control groups, including upregulated and downregulated proteins. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that these differentially expressed proteins were mostly enriched in the biological process of negative regulation of fibrinolysis and the cellular component of the fibrinogen complex, both of which play key roles in thrombosis. In conclusion, this study lays the foundation for further investigation of the underlying mechanisms of how ovarian cancer promotes VTE formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sining Ma
- Ovarian Cancer Program, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Sheng Yin
- Ovarian Cancer Program, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yiyan Zheng
- Ovarian Cancer Program, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rongyu Zang
- Ovarian Cancer Program, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor pathway suppresses tubulointerstitial injury in renal congestion. J Hypertens 2022; 40:1935-1949. [PMID: 35983805 PMCID: PMC9451920 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased central venous pressure in congestive heart failure is responsible for renal dysfunction, which is mediated by renal venous congestion. Pericyte detachment from capillaries after renal congestion might trigger renal fibrogenesis via pericyte-myofibroblast transition (PMT). Platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs), which are PMT indicators, were upregulated in our recently established renal congestion model. This study was designed to determine whether inhibition of the PDGFR pathway could suppress tubulointerstitial injury after renal congestion. METHODS The inferior vena cava between the renal veins was ligated in male Sprague-Dawley rats, inducing congestion only in the left kidney. Imatinib mesylate or vehicle were injected intraperitoneally daily from 1 day before the operation. Three days after the surgery, the effect of imatinib was assessed by physiological, morphological and molecular methods. The inhibition of PDGFRs against transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFB1)-induced fibrosis was also tested in human pericyte cell culture. RESULTS Increased kidney weight and renal fibrosis were observed in the congested kidneys. Upstream inferior vena cava (IVC) pressure immediately increased to around 20 mmHg after IVC ligation in both the imatinib and saline groups. Although vasa recta dilatation and pericyte detachment under renal congestion were maintained, imatinib ameliorated the increased kidney weight and suppressed renal fibrosis around the vasa recta. TGFB1-induced elevation of fibrosis markers in human pericytes was suppressed by PDGFR inhibitors at the transcriptional level. CONCLUSION The activation of the PDGFR pathway after renal congestion was responsible for renal congestion-induced fibrosis. This mechanism could be a candidate therapeutic target for renoprotection against renal congestion-induced tubulointerstitial injury.
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Necroptosis Plays a Crucial Role in Vascular Injury during DVT and Is Enhanced by IL-17B. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:6909764. [PMID: 36046722 PMCID: PMC9424031 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6909764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. This study investigated whether vascular endothelial necroptosis is involved in deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and how IL-17B facilitates necroptosis signaling. Methods. The DVT mouse model was induced by ligation of the IVC. The cross-sectional area of thrombus increases and the thrombus occupied the entire venous lumen at 48 h after ligation. Meanwhile, the increased expression of p-RIP3/RIP3 was most pronounced at 48 h after ligation, and the p-MLKL/MLKL peaked at 72 h. Results. Based on Illumina sequencing and KEGG pathway analyses, the activated RIP3/MLKL is associated with increased IL-17B. With thrombus formation, IL-17B was upregulated and enhanced the expression of RIP3 and MLKL in the IVC wall, as well as their phosphorylation levels (all
, the comparison group consisted of the control group, DVT group, DVT/IL-17B group, and DVT/anti-IL-17B group). The p-RIP3/RIP3 and p-MLKL/MLKL ratios were reduced by anti-IL-17B. Similarly, the weight and cross-sectional area of the thrombi were increased by IL-17B and decreased by the IL-17B antibody. IL-17B had a smaller effect on thrombosis in knockout mice compared with WT mice. In vitro, the IL-17B protein expression and the level of RIP3 and MLKL phosphorylation increased high in the OGD cells, accompanied by increased expression of IL-6 and TNF-α. IL-17B enhanced the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α but had little effect on the IL-6 and TNF-α after transfected with siRIP3 or siMLKL. Similarly, the plasma IL-17B, IL-6, and TNF-α were significantly increased after thrombosis in WT mice, and enhanced by IL-17B. But IL-17B did not increase the plasma IL-6 and TNF-α in knockout mice. Conclusions. In conclusion, those results suggest that vascular endothelial necroptosis plays a crucial role in vascular injury and IL-17B could enhance the necroptosis pathway.
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Chen Z, Wang G, Xie X, Liu H, Liao J, Shi H, Chen M, Lai S, Wang Z, Wu X. Ginsenoside Rg5 allosterically interacts with P2RY12 and ameliorates deep venous thrombosis by counteracting neutrophil NETosis and inflammatory response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:918476. [PMID: 36032109 PMCID: PMC9411522 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.918476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) highly occurs in patients with severe COVID-19 and probably accounted for their high mortality. DVT formation is a time-dependent inflammatory process in which NETosis plays an important role. However, whether ginsenoside Rg5 from species of Panax genus could alleviate DVT and its underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. Methods The interaction between Rg5 and P2RY12 was studied by molecular docking, molecular dynamics, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and molecular biology assays. The preventive effect of Rg5 on DVT was evaluated in inferior vena cava stasis–induced mice, and immunocytochemistry, Western blot, and calcium flux assay were performed in neutrophils from bone marrow to explore the mechanism of Rg5 in NETosis via P2RY12. Results Rg5 allosterically interacted with P2RY12, formed stable complex, and antagonized its activity via residue E188 and R265. Rg5 ameliorated the formation of thrombus in DVT mice; accompanied by decreased release of Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α in plasma; and suppressed neutrophil infiltration and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release. In lipopolysaccharide- and platelet-activating factor–induced neutrophils, Rg5 reduced inflammatory responses via inhibiting the activation of ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway while decreasing cellular Ca2+ concentration, thus reducing the activity and expression of peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 to prevent NETosis. The inhibitory effect on neutrophil activity was dependent on P2RY12. Conclusions Rg5 could attenuate experimental DVT by counteracting NETosis and inflammatory response in neutrophils via P2RY12, which may pave the road for its clinical application in the prevention of DVT-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaorui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueqing Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailian Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization Technology of Pseudo-Ginseng, Wuzhou, China
| | - Shusheng Lai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization Technology of Pseudo-Ginseng, Wuzhou, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaojun Wu, ; Zhengtao Wang,
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaojun Wu, ; Zhengtao Wang,
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Molecular Detection of Venous Thrombosis in Mouse Models Using SPECT/CT. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060829. [PMID: 35740954 PMCID: PMC9221411 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of thrombolysis is inversely correlated with thrombus age. During early thrombogenesis, activated factor XIII (FXIIIa) cross-links α2-AP to fibrin to protect it from early lysis. This was exploited to develop an α2-AP-based imaging agent to detect early clot formation likely susceptible to thrombolysis treatment. In this study, this imaging probe was improved and validated using 111In SPECT/CT in a mouse thrombosis model. In vitro fluorescent- and 111In-labelled imaging probe-to-fibrin cross-linking assays were performed. Thrombus formation was induced in C57Bl/6 mice by endothelial damage (FeCl3) or by ligation (stenosis) of the infrarenal vena cava (IVC). Two or six hours post-surgery, mice were injected with 111In-DTPA-A16 and ExiTron Nano 12000, and binding of the imaging tracer to thrombi was assessed by SPECT/CT. Subsequently, ex vivo IVCs were subjected to autoradiography and histochemical analysis for platelets and fibrin. Efficient in vitro cross-linking of A16 imaging probe to fibrin was obtained. In vivo IVC thrombosis models yielded stable platelet-rich thrombi with FeCl3 and fibrin and red cell-rich thrombi with stenosis. In the stenosis model, clot formation in the vena cava corresponded with a SPECT hotspot using an A16 imaging probe as a molecular tracer. The fibrin-targeting A16 probe showed specific binding to mouse thrombi in in vitro assays and the in vivo DVT model. The use of specific and covalent fibrin-binding probes might enable the clinical non-invasive imaging of early and active thrombosis.
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23
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Ma H, Yan X, Liu J, Lu Y, Feng Y, Lai J. Secondary ferroptosis promotes thrombogenesis after venous injury in rats. Thromb Res 2022; 216:59-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Yin W, Dimatteo A, Kumpfbeck A, Leung S, Fandaros M, Musmacker B, Rubenstein DA, Frame MD. An in situ inferior vena cava ligation-stenosis model to study thrombin generation rates with flow. Thromb J 2022; 20:30. [PMID: 35614456 PMCID: PMC9131541 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-022-00391-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood flow-induced shear stress affects platelet participation in coagulation and thrombin generation. We aimed to develop an in vivo model to characterize thrombin generation rates under flow. METHODS An in situ inferior vena cava (IVC) ligation-stenosis model was established using C57BL/6 mice. Wild type C57BL/6 mice were fed normal chow diet for two weeks before experiments. On the day of experiments, mice were anesthetized, followed by an incision through the abdominal skin to expose the IVC, which was then ligated (followed by reperfusion through a stenosis for up to 2 h). IVC blood flow rate was monitored using a Transonic ultrasound flow meter. In sham animals, the IVC was exposed following the same procedure, but no ligation was applied. Thrombin generation following IVC ligation was estimated by measuring mouse plasma prothrombin fragment 1-2 concentration. Mouse plasma factor Va concentration was measured using phospholipids and a modified prothrombinase assay. Blood vessel histomorphology, vascular wall ICAM-1, von Willebrand Factor, tissue factor, and PECAM-1 expression were measured using immunofluorescence microscopy. RESULTS IVC blood flow rate increased immediately following ligation and stenosis formation. Sizable clots formed in mouse IVC following ligation and stenosis formation. Both plasma factor Va and prothrombin fragment 1-2 concentration reduced significantly following IVC ligation/stenosis, while no changes were observed with ICAM-1, von Willebrand Factor, tissue factor and PECAM-1 expression. CONCLUSION Clot formation was successful. However, the prothrombin-thrombin conversion rate constant in vivo cannot be determined as local thrombin and FVa concentration (at the injury site) cannot be accurately measured. Modification to the animal model is needed to further the investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Bioengineering Building, Room 109, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
| | - Andrew Dimatteo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Bioengineering Building, Room 109, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Andrew Kumpfbeck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Bioengineering Building, Room 109, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Stephen Leung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Bioengineering Building, Room 109, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Marina Fandaros
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Bioengineering Building, Room 109, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Bryan Musmacker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Bioengineering Building, Room 109, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - David A Rubenstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Bioengineering Building, Room 109, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Mary D Frame
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Bioengineering Building, Room 109, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
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Dowling AR, Luke CE, Cai Q, Pellerito AM, Obi AT, Henke PK. Modulation of interleukin-6 and its effect on late vein wall injury in a stasis mouse model of deep vein thrombosis. JVS Vasc Sci 2022; 3:246-255. [PMID: 35647566 PMCID: PMC9133633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvssci.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and its sequela, post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS), remain a clinically significant problem. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a proinflammatory cytokine that is elevated in patients who develop PTS. We hypothesized that genetic deletion of IL-6 and the use of anti-IL-6 pharmacologic agents would be associated with decreased late vein wall injury. Methods Wild-type C57BL/6J (WT) and IL-6-/- mice underwent induction of stasis venous thrombosis by ligation of the infrarenal IVC. Vein wall inferior vena cava and thrombus were harvested at 21 days after ligation and analyzed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry of the vein wall using monocyte markers CCR2 and arginase 1, the endothelial marker CD31, and fibroblast markers DDR2 and FSP-1. Two anti-IL-6 pharmacologic agents (gp130 [glycoprotein 130] and tocilizumab) were tested and compared with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) as the reference standard in WT mice. Plasma was collected at 4 and 48 hours to confirm the pharmacologic agents' effects. Results Less fibrosis but no increase in luminal endothelialization was found in IL-6-/- mice compared with WT mice at 21 days. The IL-6-/- mice had fewer DDR2- and arginase 1-positive cells in the vein wall compared with the WT mice. However, no difference was found in the CCR2+ cells. Despite documented in vivo activity, exogenous gp130 and tocilizumab were not associated with decreased vein wall fibrosis or increased endothelial luminal coverage at 21 days. LMWH therapy, both before and after treatment, was not associated with decreased vein wall fibrosis at 21 days. Conclusions IL-6 genetic deletion was associated with less fibrotic vein wall injury at a late time point, consistent with the PTS timeframe. However, neither the standard of care LMWH nor two available anti-IL-6 agents showed antifibrotic biologic effects in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail R. Dowling
- Conrad Jobst Vascular Surgery Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Vascular Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Catherine E. Luke
- Conrad Jobst Vascular Surgery Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Vascular Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Qing Cai
- Conrad Jobst Vascular Surgery Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Vascular Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Antonio M. Pellerito
- Conrad Jobst Vascular Surgery Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Andrea T. Obi
- Conrad Jobst Vascular Surgery Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Vascular Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Peter K. Henke
- Conrad Jobst Vascular Surgery Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Vascular Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Schwein A, Magnus L, Markovits J, Chinnadurai P, Autry K, Jenkins L, Barnes R, Vekilov DP, Shah D, Chakfé N, Bismuth J. Endovascular Porcine Model of Iliocaval Venous Thrombosis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2022; 63:623-630. [PMID: 35272950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2021.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a large animal model of iliocaval deep venous thrombosis (DVT), which enables development and evaluation of interventional management and existing imaging modalities. METHODS The experimental protocol consisted of a total endovascular approach. Pigs were percutaneously accessed through the right internal jugular and bilateral femoral veins. Three balloon catheters were inflated to induce venous stasis in the infrarenal inferior vena cava (IVC) and bilateral common iliac veins (CIVs). Hypercoagulability was induced by injecting 10 000 IU of thrombin. After 2.5 hours, the balloon catheters were removed before animal recovery. After seven, 14, 21, 28, or 35 days, animals were euthanised; the IVC and CIV were harvested en bloc, cross sectioned and prepared for histological examination. Multimodal imaging was performed before and after thrombus creation, and before animal euthanasia. RESULTS Thirteen female domestic pigs with a mean weight of 59.3 kilograms were used. The mean maximum IVC diameter and area were 16.4 mm and 1.2 cm2, respectively. The procedure was successful in 12 animals with occlusive venous thrombosis in the region of interest on immediate post-operative magnetic resonance venography and a mean thrombus volume of 19.8 cm3. Clinical pathology results showed platelet consumption, D dimer increase, and inflammatory response. Histological evaluation demonstrated a red cell, fibrin, and platelet rich thrombus on day 1, with progressive inflammatory cell infiltration from day 7. Collagen deposition appeared in week 2 and neovascularisation in week 3. CONCLUSION Endovascular occlusion combined with thrombin infusion is a reliable minimally invasive approach to produce acute and subacute DVT in a large animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Schwein
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), Department of Physiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, EA 3072, France.
| | - Louis Magnus
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Ponraj Chinnadurai
- Advanced Therapies, Siemens Medical Solutions USA Inc., Malvern, PA, USA
| | - Kyle Autry
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Centre, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Leslie Jenkins
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca Barnes
- Methodist Institute for Technology, Innovation & Education, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Dipan Shah
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Centre, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nabil Chakfé
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean Bismuth
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Centre, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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27
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Akkurt G, Alimoğullari M, Kartal B, Altay ÇM, Alimoğullari E, Çayli S. The Effectiveness of Long-term Use of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin on Venous Thromboembolism After Sleeve Gastrectomy in Rats. Bariatr Surg Pract Patient Care 2022. [DOI: 10.1089/bari.2020.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Akkurt
- Ankara City Hospital, General Surgery Unit, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Alimoğullari
- Department of General Surgery, Yenimahalle Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bahar Kartal
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Çetin Murat Altay
- Department of Radiology, Ersin Arslan Research and Training Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ebru Alimoğullari
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevil Çayli
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
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28
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Mohammed BM, Cheng Q, Ivanov IS, Gailani D. Murine Models in the Evaluation of Heparan Sulfate-Based Anticoagulants. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2303:789-805. [PMID: 34626423 PMCID: PMC8552346 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1398-6_59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating prospective anticoagulant therapies in animal thrombosis and bleeding models are standard pre-clinical approaches. Mice are frequently used for initial evaluations because a variety of models have been developed in this well-characterized species, and mice are relatively inexpensive to maintain. Because mice seem to be resistant to forming "spontaneous" thrombosis, vessel injury is used to induce intravascular clot formation. For the purpose of testing heparin-based drugs, we adapted a well-established model in which thrombus formation in the carotid artery is induced by exposing the vessel to ferric chloride. For studying anticoagulant effects on venous thrombosis, we use a model in which the inferior vena cava is ligated and the size of the resulting clots are measured. The most common adverse effect of anticoagulation therapy is bleeding. We describe a simple tail bleeding time that has been used for many years to study the effects of anticoagulants on hemostasis. We also describe a more reproducible, but more technically challenging, saphenous vein bleeding model that is also used for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassem M Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Doisy Research Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Qiufang Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ivan S Ivanov
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David Gailani
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Zhou Z, Zhou H, Zou X, Wang X, Yan M. Formononetin regulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase to protect vascular endothelium in deep vein thrombosis rats. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2022; 36:3946320221111117. [PMID: 35731855 PMCID: PMC9228649 DOI: 10.1177/03946320221111117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Formononetin is a bioactive isoflavone that has numerous medicinal benefits. We explored the feasibility and its mechanism of formononetin on treating acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Inferior vena cava (IVC) stenosis was performed to establish the DVT rat model. First, different doses of formononetin were used to observe the feasibility of formononetin on treating DVT. In sham and DVT groups, rats were orally treated with vehicle. In the remaining groups, formononetin (10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, and 40 mg/kg) was orally treated once a day for 7 days at 24 h after IVC. After 7 days, the levels of thrombosis and inflammation related factors in plasma were measured. The expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was analyzed by western blot and immunofluorescence. Molecular docking was used to evaluate the interaction between the formononetin and eNOS. Further, the NOS inhibitor (L-NAME) was used to explore the mechanism of formononetin for DVT. RESULT After treatment with formononetin, the average weights of thrombosis were decreased, and the levels of thrombosis and inflammation related factors were also significantly decreased. Additionally, phosphorylation of eNOS was increased with the formononetin administration. There is a good activity of formononetin to eNOS (total score = -6.8). However, the effects of 40 mg/kg formononetin were concealed by the NOS inhibitor (L-NAME). CONCLUSION Formononetin reduces vascular endothelium injury induced by DVT through increasing eNOS in rats, which provides a potential drug for treatment of venous thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxiao Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, 117842Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Haimeng Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, 117842Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Xin Zou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, 117842Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, 117842Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Mengjun Yan
- Yantai Raphael Biotechnology Co.,Ltd, Yantai, China
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Tao Y, Li X, Wu Z, Chen C, Tan K, Wan M, Zhou M, Mao C. Nitric oxide-driven nanomotors with bowl-shaped mesoporous silica for targeted thrombolysis. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 611:61-70. [PMID: 34929439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Vein thrombosis is one of the most serious types of cardiovascular disease. During the traditional treatment, due to the excessive blood flow rate, the drug utilization rate at the thrombus site is low and the thrombolysis efficiency is poor. In this study, bowl-shaped silica nanomotors driven by nitric oxide (NO) are designed to target the thrombus surface by modifying arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) polypeptide, and simultaneously loading l-arginine (LA) and thrombolytic drug urokinase (UK) in its mesopore structure. LA can react with excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the thrombus microenvironment to produce NO, thus promoting the movement of nanomotors to improve the retention efficiency and utilization rate of drugs in the thrombus site, and at the same time achieve the effect of eliminating ROS and reducing the oxidative stress of inflammatory endothelial cells. The loaded UK can dissolve thrombus quickly. It is worth mentioning that NO can not only be used as a power source of nanomotors, but also can be used as a therapeutic agent to stimulate the growth of endothelial cells and reduce vascular injury. This therapeutic agent based on nanomotor technology is expected to provide support for future research on thrombus treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfang Tao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ziyu Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Chenglong Chen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kaiyuan Tan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mimi Wan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Chun Mao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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31
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Kattula S, Sang Y, de Ridder G, Silver AC, Bouck EG, Cooley BC, Wolberg AS. Novel venous thromboembolism mouse model to evaluate the role of complete and partial factor XIII deficiency in pulmonary embolism risk. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:2997-3007. [PMID: 34431201 PMCID: PMC8605765 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Venous thrombosis (VT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), collectively venous thromboembolism (VTE), cause high mortality and morbidity. Factor XIII (FXIII) crosslinks fibrin to enhance thrombus stability and consequently may influence PE risk. Elucidating mechanisms contributing to PE is limited by a lack of models that recapitulate human PE characteristics. OBJECTIVE We aimed to develop a mouse model that permits embolization of red blood cell (RBC)- and fibrin-rich VT and determine the contribution of FXIII to PE risk. METHODS AND RESULTS In a thrombin-infusion PE model, F13a+/+ , F13a+/- , and F13a-/- mice had similar incidence of microthrombi in the lungs; however, thrombi were small, with low RBC content (≤7%), unlike human PEs (~70%). To identify a model producing PE consistent with histological characteristics of human PE, we compared mouse femoral vein electrolytic injury, femoral vein FeCl3 injury, and infrarenal vena cava (IVC) stasis models of VT. Electrolytic and FeCl3 models produced small thrombi with few RBCs (5% and 4%, respectively), whereas IVC stasis produced large thrombi with higher RBC content (68%) that was similar to human PEs. After IVC stasis and ligature removal (de-ligation) to permit thrombus embolization, compared to F13a+/+ mice, F13a+/- and F13a-/- mice had similar and increased PE incidence, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Compared to thrombin infusion-, electrolytic injury-, and FeCl3 -based models, IVC stasis produces thrombi that are more histologically similar to human thrombi. IVC stasis followed by de-ligation permits embolization of existing RBC- and fibrin-rich thrombi. Complete FXIII deficiency increases PE incidence, but partial deficiency does not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sravya Kattula
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Yaqiu Sang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Gustaaf de Ridder
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Transfusion Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Anna C. Silver
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Emma G. Bouck
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Brian C. Cooley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Alisa S. Wolberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
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Sharma C, Osmolovskiy A, Singh R. Microbial Fibrinolytic Enzymes as Anti-Thrombotics: Production, Characterisation and Prodigious Biopharmaceutical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1880. [PMID: 34834294 PMCID: PMC8625737 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac disorders such as acute myocardial infarction, embolism and stroke are primarily attributed to excessive fibrin accumulation in the blood vessels, usually consequential in thrombosis. Numerous methodologies including the use of anti-coagulants, anti-platelet drugs, surgical operations and fibrinolytic enzymes are employed for the dissolution of fibrin clots and hence ameliorate thrombosis. Microbial fibrinolytic enzymes have attracted much more attention in the management of cardiovascular disorders than typical anti-thrombotic strategies because of the undesirable after-effects and high expense of the latter. Fibrinolytic enzymes such as plasminogen activators and plasmin-like proteins hydrolyse thrombi with high efficacy with no significant after-effects and can be cost effectively produced on a large scale with a short generation time. However, the hunt for novel fibrinolytic enzymes necessitates complex purification stages, physiochemical and structural-functional attributes, which provide an insight into their mechanism of action. Besides, strain improvement and molecular technologies such as cloning, overexpression and the construction of genetically modified strains for the enhanced production of fibrinolytic enzymes significantly improve their thrombolytic potential. In addition, the unconventional applicability of some fibrinolytic enzymes paves their way for protein hydrolysis in addition to fibrin/thrombi, blood pressure regulation, anti-microbials, detergent additives for blood stain removal, preventing dental caries, anti-inflammatory and mucolytic expectorant agents. Therefore, this review article encompasses the production, biochemical/structure-function properties, thrombolytic potential and other surplus applications of microbial fibrinolytic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhavi Sharma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India;
| | - Alexander Osmolovskiy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Rajni Singh
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India;
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Abstract
Structurally, aquaporins (AQPs) are small channel proteins with monomers of ~ 30 kDa that are assembled as tetramers to form pores on cell membranes. Aquaporins mediate the conduction of water but at times also small solutes including glycerol across cell membranes and along osmotic gradients. Thirteen isoforms of AQPs have been reported in mammalian cells, and several of these are likely expressed in platelets. Osmotic swelling mediated by AQP1 sustains the calcium entry required for platelet phosphatidylserine exposure and microvesiculation, through calcium permeable stretch-activated or mechanosensitive cation channels. Notably, deletion of AQP1 diminishes platelet procoagulant membrane dynamics in vitro and arterial thrombosis in vivo, independent of platelet granule secretion and without affecting hemostasis. Water entry into platelets promotes procoagulant activity, and AQPs may also be critical for the initiation and progression of venous thrombosis. Platelet AQPs may therefore represent valuable targets for future development of a new class of antithrombotics, namely, anti-procoagulant antithrombotics, that are mechanistically distinct from current antithrombotics. However, the structure of AQPs does not make for easy targeting of these channels, hence they remain elusive drug targets. Nevertheless, thrombosis data in animal models provide compelling reasons to continue the pursuit of AQP-targeted antithrombotics. In this review, we discuss the role of aquaporins in platelet secretion, aggregation and procoagulation, the challenge of drugging AQPs, and the prospects of targeting AQPs for arterial and venous antithrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ejaife O Agbani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alastair W Poole
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, England, UK
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Michels A, Swystun LL, Dwyer CN, Rawley O, Nesbitt K, Notley C, Lillicrap D. Stabilin-2 deficiency increases thrombotic burden and alters the composition of venous thrombi in a mouse model. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:2440-2453. [PMID: 34152080 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stabilin-2 is an endocytic scavenger receptor that mediates the clearance of glycosaminoglycans, phosphatidylserine-expressing cells, and the von Willebrand factor-factor VIII (FVIII) complex. In a genome-wide screening study, pathogenic loss-of-function variants in the human STAB2 gene associated with an increased incidence of unprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, the specific mechanism(s) by which stabilin-2 deficiency influences the pathogenesis of VTE is unknown. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the influence of stabilin-2 on deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and to characterize the underlying prothrombotic phenotype of stabilin-2 deficiency in a mouse model. METHODS DVT was induced using the inferior vena cava (IVC) stenosis model in two independent cohorts (littermates and non-littermates) of wild-type (Stab2+/+ ) and stabilin-2 (Stab2-/- )-deficient mice. Thrombus structure and contents were quantified by immunohistochemistry. Plasma procoagulant activity was assessed and complete blood counts were performed. RESULTS Incidence of thrombus formation was not altered between Stab2+/+ and Stab2-/- mice. When thrombi were formed, Stab2-/- mice developed significantly larger thrombi than Stab2+/+ controls. Thrombi from Stab2-/- mice contained significantly more leukocytes and citrullinated histone H3 than Stab2+/+ thrombi. Stab2-/- mice had increased FVIII activity. Circulating levels of monocytes and granulocytes were significantly elevated in Stab2-/- mice, and Stab2-/- mice had elevated plasma cell-free DNA 24 hours post-IVC stenosis compared to their Stab2+/+ counterparts. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that stabilin-2 deficiency associates with a prothrombotic phenotype involving elevated levels of neutrophil extracellular trap-releasing leukocytes coupled with endogenous procoagulant activity, resulting in larger and qualitatively distinct venous thrombi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Michels
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura L Swystun
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Courtney N Dwyer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Orla Rawley
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kate Nesbitt
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colleen Notley
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Lillicrap
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Wong DJ, Park DD, Park SS, Haller CA, Chen J, Dai E, Liu L, Mandhapati AR, Eradi P, Dhakal B, Wever WJ, Hanes M, Sun L, Cummings RD, Chaikof EL. A PSGL-1 glycomimetic reduces thrombus burden without affecting hemostasis. Blood 2021; 138:1182-1193. [PMID: 33945603 PMCID: PMC8570056 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020009428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Events mediated by the P-selectin/PSGL-1 pathway play a critical role in the initiation and propagation of venous thrombosis by facilitating the accumulation of leukocytes and platelets within the growing thrombus. Activated platelets and endothelium express P-selectin, which binds P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) that is expressed on the surface of all leukocytes. We developed a pegylated glycomimetic of the N terminus of PSGL-1, PEG40-GSnP-6 (P-G6), which proved to be a highly potent P-selectin inhibitor with a favorable pharmacokinetic profile for clinical translation. P-G6 inhibits human and mouse platelet-monocyte and platelet-neutrophil aggregation in vitro and blocks microcirculatory platelet-leukocyte interactions in vivo. Administration of P-G6 reduces thrombus formation in a nonocclusive model of deep vein thrombosis with a commensurate reduction in leukocyte accumulation, but without disruption of hemostasis. P-G6 potently inhibits the P-selectin/PSGL-1 pathway and represents a promising drug candidate for the prevention of venous thrombosis without increased bleeding risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Wong
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Diane D Park
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Simon S Park
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Carolyn A Haller
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jiaxuan Chen
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Erbin Dai
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Liying Liu
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Appi R Mandhapati
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Pradheep Eradi
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Bibek Dhakal
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Walter J Wever
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Melinda Hanes
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lijun Sun
- Center for Drug Discovery and Translational Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Elliot L Chaikof
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Khaja MS, Obi AT, Sharma AM, Cuker A, McCann SS, Thukral S, Matson JT, Hofmann LV, Charalel R, Kanthi Y, Meek ME, Meissner MH, White SB, Williams DM, Vedantham S. Optimal Medical Therapy Following Deep Venous Interventions: Proceedings from the Society of Interventional Radiology Foundation Research Consensus Panel. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2021; 33:78-85. [PMID: 34563699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The optimal medical management of patients following endovascular deep venous interventions remains ill-defined. As such, the Society of Interventional Radiology Foundation (SIRF) convened a multidisciplinary group of experts in a virtual Research Consensus Panel (RCP) to develop a prioritized research agenda regarding antithrombotic therapy following deep venous interventions. The panelists presented the gaps in knowledge followed by discussion and ranking of research priorities based on clinical relevance, overall impact, and technical feasibility. The following research topics were identified as high priority: 1) characterization of biological processes leading to in-stent stenosis/rethrombosis; 2) identification and validation of methods to assess venous flow dynamics and their effect on stent failure; 3) elucidation of the role of inflammation and anti-inflammatory therapies; and 4) clinical studies to compare antithrombotic strategies and improve venous outcome assessment. Collaborative, multicenter research is necessary to answer these questions and thereby enhance the care of patients with venous disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhaj S Khaja
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia.
| | - Andrea T Obi
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Aditya M Sharma
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Adam Cuker
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sara S McCann
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Siddhant Thukral
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - John T Matson
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Lawrence V Hofmann
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Resmi Charalel
- Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Yogendra Kanthi
- Laboratory of Vascular Thrombosis and Inflammation, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mary E Meek
- Division of Interventional Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Mark H Meissner
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sarah B White
- Department of Radiology, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - David M Williams
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Suresh Vedantham
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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Zifkos K, Dubois C, Schäfer K. Extracellular Vesicles and Thrombosis: Update on the Clinical and Experimental Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179317. [PMID: 34502228 PMCID: PMC8431093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) compose a heterogenous group of membrane-derived particles, including exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies, which are released into the extracellular environment in response to proinflammatory or proapoptotic stimuli. From earlier studies suggesting that EV shedding constitutes a cellular clearance mechanism, it has become evident that EV formation, secretion and uptake represent important mechanisms of intercellular communication and exchange of a wide variety of molecules, with relevance in both physiological and pathological situations. The putative role of EVs in hemostasis and thrombosis is supported by clinical and experimental studies unraveling how these cell-derived structures affect clot formation (and resolution). From those studies, it has become clear that the prothrombotic effects of EVs are not restricted to the exposure of tissue factor (TF) and phosphatidylserines (PS), but also involve multiplication of procoagulant surfaces, cross-linking of different cellular players at the site of injury and transfer of activation signals to other cell types. Here, we summarize the existing and novel clinical and experimental evidence on the role and function of EVs during arterial and venous thrombus formation and how they may be used as biomarkers as well as therapeutic vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Zifkos
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Christophe Dubois
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM 1263, Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) 1260, Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research (C2VN), F-13380 Marseille, France;
| | - Katrin Schäfer
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Hisada Y, Mackman N. Tissue Factor and Extracellular Vesicles: Activation of Coagulation and Impact on Survival in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153839. [PMID: 34359742 PMCID: PMC8345123 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The tissue factor (TF)-factor VIIa complex is the major physiological initiator of blood coagulation. Tumors express TF and release TF-positive extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the circulation, and this is associated with the activation of coagulation. Circulating levels of EVTF activity may be a useful biomarker to identify patients at risk for thrombosis. Tumor TF and TF-positive EVs are also associated with reduced survival. Abstract Tissue factor (TF) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that functions as a receptor for FVII/FVIIa and initiates the extrinsic coagulation pathway. Tumors and cancer cells express TF that can be released in the form of TF positive (TF+) extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this review, we summarize the studies of tumor TF and TF + EVs, and their association with activation of coagulation and survival in cancer patients. We also summarize the role of tumor-derived TF + EVs in venous thrombosis in mouse models. Levels of tumor TF and TF + EVs are associated with venous thromboembolism in pancreatic cancer patients. In addition, levels of EVTF activity are associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation in cancer patients. Furthermore, tumor-derived TF + EVs enhance venous thrombosis in mice. Tumor TF and TF + EVs are also associated with worse survival in cancer patients, particularly in pancreatic cancer patients. These studies indicate that EVTF activity could be used as a biomarker to identify pancreatic cancer patients at risk for venous thrombosis and cancer patients at risk for disseminated intravascular coagulation. EVTF activity may also be a useful prognostic biomarker in cancer patients.
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Chausheva S, Redwan B, Sharma S, Marella N, Schossleitner K, Mueller AC, Petzelbauer P, Morris T, Lang IM. Synthetic Fibrin-Derived Bβ 15-42 Peptide Delays Thrombus Resolution in a Mouse Model. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:2168-2180. [PMID: 34078093 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Chausheva
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II (S.C., S.S., I.M.L.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Bassam Redwan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Klinik am Park, Klinikum Westfalen, Luenen, Germany (B.R.)
| | - Smriti Sharma
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II (S.C., S.S., I.M.L.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Nara Marella
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austria (N.M., A.C.M.)
| | - Klaudia Schossleitner
- Skin and Endothelial Research Division, Department of Dermatology (K.S., P.P.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - André C Mueller
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austria (N.M., A.C.M.)
| | - Peter Petzelbauer
- Skin and Endothelial Research Division, Department of Dermatology (K.S., P.P.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Timothy Morris
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Diego (T.M.)
| | - Irene M Lang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II (S.C., S.S., I.M.L.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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Pan Z, Zhang Y, Li C, Yin Y, Liu R, Zheng G, Fan W, Zhang Q, Song Z, Guo Z, Rong J, Shen Y. MiR-296-5p ameliorates deep venous thrombosis by inactivating S100A4. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:2259-2268. [PMID: 34192971 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211023034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep venous thrombosis is one of the most common venous thromboembolic diseases and has a low cure rate and a high postoperative recurrence rate. Furthermore, emerging evidence indicates that microRNAs are involved in deep venous thrombosis. miR-296-5p is an important microRNA that plays a critical role in various cellular functions, and S100A4 is closely related to vascular function. miR-296-5p is downregulated in deep venous thrombosis patients, and its predicted target S100A4 is upregulated in deep venous thrombosis patients. Therefore, it was hypothesized that miR-296-5p may play a vital role in the development of deep venous thrombosis by targeting S100A4. An Ox-LDL-stimulated HUVEC and deep venous thrombosis mouse model was employed to detect the biological functions of miR-296-5p and S100A4. Dual luciferase reporter assays and pull-down assays were used to authenticate the interaction between miR-296-5p and S100A4. ELISA and Western blotting were employed to detect the protein levels of thrombosis-related factors and the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT)-related factors. The miR-296-5p levels were reduced, while the S100A4 levels were enhanced in deep venous thrombosis patients, and the miR-296-5p levels were negatively correlated with the S100A4 levels in deep venous thrombosis patients. miR-296-5p suppressed S100A4 expression by targeting the 3' UTR of S100A4. MiR-296-5p knockdown accelerated ox-LDL-induced HUVEC apoptosis, oxidative stress, thrombosis-related factor expression, and EndMT, while S100A4 knockdown antagonized these effects in ox-LDL-induced HUVECs. S100A4 knockdown reversed the effect induced by miR-296-5p knockdown. Moreover, the in vivo studies revealed that miR-296-5p knockdown in deep venous thrombosis mice exacerbated deep venous thrombosis formation, whereas S100A4 knockdown had the opposite effect. These results indicate that elevated miR-296-5p inhibits deep venous thrombosis formation by inhibiting S100A4 expression. Both miR-296-5p and S100A4 may be potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for deep venous thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichang Pan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Chuanyong Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Yuan Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Guangfeng Zheng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Weijian Fan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Zhenyu Song
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Ziyue Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Jianjie Rong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Yixin Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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41
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Gromadziński L, Paukszto Ł, Skowrońska A, Holak P, Smoliński M, Łopieńska-Biernat E, Lepiarczyk E, Lipka A, Jastrzębski JP, Majewska M. Transcriptomic Profiling of Femoral Veins in Deep Vein Thrombosis in a Porcine Model. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071576. [PMID: 34206566 PMCID: PMC8304794 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a severe disease affecting the human venous system, accompanied by high morbidity and mortality rates caused by early and late complications. The study aimed at analyzing the changes in the transcriptome of the femoral vein caused by DVT in the porcine model based on the formation of the thrombus in vivo. The study was performed on 11 castrated male pigs: A thrombus was formed in each left femoral vein in six animals; the remaining five served as a control group. Total RNA was isolated from the left femoral veins of the experimental and control animals. High-throughput RNA sequencing was used to analyze the global changes in the transcriptome of veins with induced DVT. Applied multistep bioinformatics revealed 1474 differentially expressed genes (DEGs): 1019 upregulated and 455 downregulated. Functional Gene Ontology annotated 1220 of DEGs into 225 biological processes, 30 molecular functions and 40 cellular components categories. KEGG analysis disclosed TNF, NF-κB and apoptosis pathways’ overexpression in DVT samples. A thorough analysis of the detected DEGs indicated that a dysregulated inflammatory response and disturbed balance between clotting and anti-clotting factors play a crucial role in the process of DVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Gromadziński
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Łukasz Paukszto
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (Ł.P.); (J.P.J.)
| | - Agnieszka Skowrońska
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.S.); (E.L.)
| | - Piotr Holak
- Department of Surgery and Radiology with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Michał Smoliński
- Clinic of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, University Clinical Hospital in Olsztyn, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Łopieńska-Biernat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Ewa Lepiarczyk
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.S.); (E.L.)
| | - Aleksandra Lipka
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Jan Paweł Jastrzębski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (Ł.P.); (J.P.J.)
| | - Marta Majewska
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.S.); (E.L.)
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (M.M.)
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Palacios-Acedo AL, Mege D, Crescence L, Panicot-Dubois L, Dubois C. Cancer animal models in thrombosis research. Thromb Res 2021; 191 Suppl 1:S112-S116. [PMID: 32736767 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(20)30407-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cancer-thrombosis relationship has been established for decades, in both cancer biology and in the clinical signs and symptoms seen in cancer patients (thrombosis in cancer patients has been associated with a worse prognosis and survival). As the link between the pathologies becomes clearer, so does the need to develop models that enable researchers to study them simultaneously in vivo. Mouse models have often been used, and they have helped determine molecular pathways between cancer spread and thrombosis in humans. This review is a summary of the current literature that describes the use of cancer mouse models in thrombosis research. We included cancer models that are not yet used in thrombosis research, but that can positively impact this area of research in the near future. We describe the most commonly used techniques to generate thrombosis as well as the mouse strains and cancer cell types that are commonly used along with inoculation techniques. We endeavoured to create a compendium of the different mouse models that are beneficial for cancer-thrombosis research, as understanding these mechanisms is crucial for creating better and more effective treatments for thrombosis in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diane Mege
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM 1263, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France; Department of Digestive Surgery, Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Lydie Crescence
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM 1263, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | | | - Christophe Dubois
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM 1263, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France.
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43
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Henke PK, Obi AT. Advances in understanding the interplay between adaptive and innate immunity in experimental venous thrombus resolution. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:1387-1389. [PMID: 33595180 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter K Henke
- University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrea T Obi
- University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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44
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Park J, Wen AM, Gao H, Shin MD, Simon DI, Wang Y, Steinmetz NF. Designing S100A9-Targeted Plant Virus Nanoparticles to Target Deep Vein Thrombosis. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:2582-2594. [PMID: 34060817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Thromboembolic conditions are a leading cause of death worldwide, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), or occlusive venous clot formation, is a critical and rising problem that contributes to damage of vital organs, long-term complications, and life-threatening conditions such as pulmonary embolism. Early diagnosis and treatment are correlated to better prognosis. However, current technologies in these areas, such as ultrasonography for diagnostics and anticoagulants for treatment, are limited in terms of their accuracy and therapeutic windows. In this work, we investigated targeting myeloid related protein 14 (MRP-14, also known as S100A9) using plant virus-based nanoparticle carriers as a means to achieve tissue specificity aiding prognosis and therapeutic intervention. We used a combinatorial peptide library screen to identify peptide ligands that bind MRP-14. Candidates were selected and formulated as nanoparticles by using cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Intravascular delivery of our MRP-14-targeted nanoparticles in a murine model of DVT resulted in enhanced accumulation in the thrombi and reduced thrombus size, suggesting application of nanoparticles for molecular targeting of MRP-14 could be a promising direction for improving DVT diagnostics, therapeutics, and therefore prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooneon Park
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Amy M Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Huiyun Gao
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Matthew D Shin
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Daniel I Simon
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Yunmei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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45
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A New Experimental Porcine Model of Venous Thromboembolism. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10091862. [PMID: 33923100 PMCID: PMC8123404 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a severe disease affecting the human venous system, accompanied by high morbidity and mortality rates. The aim of the study was to establish a new porcine VTE model based on the formation of the thrombus in vivo. The study was performed on 10 castrated male pigs: thrombus was formed in each closed femoral vein and then successfully released from the right femoral vein into the circulation of animals. In six pigs PE was confirmed via both computed tomography pulmonary angiography and an autopsy. Our research presents a novel experimental porcine model of VTE that involves inducing DVT and PE in the same animal in vivo, making it suitable for advanced clinical research and testing of future therapies.
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46
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Xie W, Zhang L, Luo W, Zhai Z, Wang C, Shen YH. AKT2 regulates endothelial-mediated coagulation homeostasis and promotes intrathrombotic recanalization and thrombus resolution in a mouse model of venous thrombosis. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2021; 50:98-111. [PMID: 32358666 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-020-02112-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) carries a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Understanding the mechanisms of venous thrombus formation and resolution is critical for improving VTE management. AKT2 kinase is essential for platelet activation and arterial thrombosis. In this study, we examined the role of AKT2 in venous thrombosis in a mouse model of venous thrombosis induced by inferior vena cava (IVC) ligation. We observed an induction of AKT2 expression in the ligated IVC of wild-type (WT) mice. Interestingly, although the initial thrombus size of the ligated IVC was similar between Akt2-/- mice and WT mice, thrombus resolution was delayed in the ligated IVC of Akt2-/- mice. Compared with the ligated IVC of WT mice, the ligated IVC of Akt2-/- mice displayed decreased levels of thrombomodulin (TM) and increased levels of tissue factor (TF), apoptosis, and necroptosis. In addition, intrathrombotic endothelial cells in the ligated IVC of Akt2-/- mice failed to form small vessels, resulting in impaired recanalization and thrombus resolution. TGF-β signaling activation and fibrotic remodeling were increased in the thrombus and vein wall of the ligated IVC of Akt2-/- mice. We further investigated the AKT2-mediated regulation of coagulation factors in endothelial cells and found that forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1), a target of AKT, enhanced TF and inhibited TM expression. By inhibiting FOXO1, AKT2 suppressed TF expression while increasing TM expression. Our findings indicate that AKT2 may protect endothelial cells against cell death, regulate endothelial-mediated coagulation homeostasis, and promote intrathrombotic recanalization and thrombus resolution in venous thrombosis. These observations suggest dynamic roles of AKT2 in venous thrombus formation and resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanmu Xie
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM 390, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM 390, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Luo
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM 390, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhenguo Zhai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Yinghua Dongjie, Hepingli, Beijing, 100029, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China. .,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Yinghua Dongjie, Hepingli, Beijing, 100029, China. .,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Ying H Shen
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM 390, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
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Li W, Kessinger CW, Orii M, Lee H, Wang L, Weinberg I, Jaff MR, Reed GL, Libby P, Tawakol A, Henke PK, Jaffer FA. Time-Restricted Salutary Effects of Blood Flow Restoration on Venous Thrombosis and Vein Wall Injury in Mouse and Human Subjects. Circulation 2021; 143:1224-1238. [PMID: 33445952 PMCID: PMC7988304 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.049096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to 50% of patients with proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) will develop the postthrombotic syndrome characterized by limb swelling and discomfort, hyperpigmentation, skin ulcers, and impaired quality of life. Although catheter-based interventions enabling the restoration of blood flow (RBF) have demonstrated little benefit on postthrombotic syndrome, the impact on the acuity of the thrombus and mechanisms underlying this finding remain obscure. In experimental and clinical studies, we examined whether RBF has a restricted time window for improving DVT resolution. METHODS First, experimental stasis DVT was generated in C57/BL6 mice (n=291) by inferior vena cava ligation. To promote RBF, mice underwent mechanical deligation with or without intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator administered 2 days after deligation. RBF was assessed over time by ultrasonography and intravital microscopy. Resected thrombosed inferior vena cava specimens underwent thrombus and vein wall histological and gene expression assays. Next, in a clinical study, we conducted a post hoc analysis of the ATTRACT (Acute Venous Thrombosis: Thrombus Removal with Adjunctive Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis) pharmacomechanical catheter-directed thrombolysis (PCDT) trial (NCT00790335) to assess the effects of PCDT on Venous Insufficiency Epidemiological and Economic Study quality-of-life and Villalta scores for specific symptom-onset-to-randomization timeframes. RESULTS Mice that developed RBF by day 4, but not later, exhibited reduced day 8 thrombus burden parameters and reduced day 8 vein wall fibrosis and inflammation, compared with controls. In mice without RBF, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator administered at day 4, but not later, reduced day 8 thrombus burden and vein wall fibrosis. It is notable that, in mice already exhibiting RBF by day 4, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator administration did not further reduce thrombus burden or vein wall fibrosis. In the ATTRACT trial, patients receiving PCDT in an intermediate symptom-onset-to-randomization timeframe of 4 to 8 days demonstrated maximal benefits in Venous Insufficiency Epidemiological and Economic Study quality-of-life and Villalta scores (between-group difference=8.41 and 1.68, respectively, P<0.001 versus patients not receiving PCDT). PCDT did not improve postthrombotic syndrome scores for patients having a symptom-onset-to-randomization time of <4 days or >8 days. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data illustrate that, within a restricted therapeutic window, RBF improves DVT resolution, and PCDT may improve clinical outcomes. Further studies are warranted to examine the value of time-restricted RBF strategies to reduce postthrombotic syndrome in patients with DVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhu Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Current Affiliations: W.L. - Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; C.W.K. - Masonic Medical Research Institute, Utica, New York, USA; M.O. - Department of Radiology, Iwate Medical University Hospital, Morioka, Japan; L.W. -Cardiovascular Division, Hubei Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chase W. Kessinger
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Current Affiliations: W.L. - Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; C.W.K. - Masonic Medical Research Institute, Utica, New York, USA; M.O. - Department of Radiology, Iwate Medical University Hospital, Morioka, Japan; L.W. -Cardiovascular Division, Hubei Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Makoto Orii
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Current Affiliations: W.L. - Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; C.W.K. - Masonic Medical Research Institute, Utica, New York, USA; M.O. - Department of Radiology, Iwate Medical University Hospital, Morioka, Japan; L.W. -Cardiovascular Division, Hubei Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hang Lee
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lang Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Current Affiliations: W.L. - Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; C.W.K. - Masonic Medical Research Institute, Utica, New York, USA; M.O. - Department of Radiology, Iwate Medical University Hospital, Morioka, Japan; L.W. -Cardiovascular Division, Hubei Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ido Weinberg
- Vascular Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael R. Jaff
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guy L. Reed
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Peter Libby
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ahmed Tawakol
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter K. Henke
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Farouc A. Jaffer
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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48
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Understanding the Pathophysiology of Thrombotic APS through Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052588. [PMID: 33806694 PMCID: PMC7961365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a leading acquired cause of thrombotic events, with a notable tendency to promote thrombosis in vascular beds of all sizes, including both arterial and venous circuits. While pathogenic antiphospholipid antibodies circulate at relatively stable levels in blood, thrombosis tends to manifest as discrete and acute events, suggesting the requirement for a “second hit.” While this two-hit model is generally accepted, much remains to be learned about exactly how antiphospholipid antibodies predispose to thrombosis in vivo and exactly how this predisposition interacts with the second hit. To this end, investigators have turned to animal models. Numerous approaches for modeling APS in animals have been described to date, each with potential advantages and disadvantages. This review will attempt to describe the most common APS models employed so far while discussing some pros and cons of each. Mechanisms of thrombotic APS that have thus far been explored in animal models will also be briefly addressed.
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49
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Zeng M, Chen S, Li H, Huang Z, Wu D, Pan Y, Deng C. The role of β-catenin in pulmonary artery endothelial-mesenchymal transformation in rats with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2021; 52:454-465. [PMID: 33655472 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-020-02356-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
β-catenin and endothelial mesenchymal transformation play an important role in the formation of pulmonary hypertension. To explore the role of β-catenin in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), we first established a rat model of CTEPH by repeated autologous thromboembolization and then treated these rats with a β-catenin specific inhibitor, XAV939, for two or four weeks. We further examined the expression of β-catenin, α-SMA and CD31, mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), and histopathology in the pulmonary artery, and analyzed their correlation. In the thrombus group without treatment of the inhibitor, the expression of β-catenin and α-SMA in pulmonary artery was increased with time; mPAP, the thickness of pulmonary artery wall, and the area/total area of pulmonary artery (WA/TA) were also increased; however, the expression of CD31 was decreased. Interestingly, these symptoms could be improved by treatment with XAV939. In this study, in CTEPH rat model, the expression of β-catenin signal affects pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary artery pressure, and positively correlated with pulmonary arterial endothelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT), indicating that β-catenin signal may play an important role in the occurrence and development of CTEPH. The inhibition of β-catenin signal and the improvement of pulmonary arterial EMT may provide therapeutic ideas for CTEPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meie Zeng
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian Province, China.,Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan, 364000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shimou Chen
- Fujian Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Fuzhou, 350003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhigui Huang
- Putian College Affiliated Hospital, Putian, 351100, Fujian Province, China
| | - Dawen Wu
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yunchang Pan
- Sanming First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Sanming, 365000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chaosheng Deng
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian Province, China.
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DeRoo E, Martinod K, Cherpokova D, Fuchs T, Cifuni S, Chu L, Staudinger C, Wagner DD. The role of platelets in thrombus fibrosis and vessel wall remodeling after venous thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:387-399. [PMID: 33058430 PMCID: PMC8530247 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Platelets are known to play an important role in venous thrombogenesis, but their role in thrombus maturation, resolution, and postthrombotic vein wall remodeling is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the role that circulating platelets play in the later phases of venous thrombosis. METHODS We used a murine inferior vena cava (IVC) stenosis model. Baseline studies in untreated mice were performed to determine an optimal postthrombotic time point for tissue harvest that would capture both thrombus maturation/resolution and postthrombotic vein wall remodeling. This time point was found to be postoperative day 10. After undergoing IVC ultrasound on day 2 to confirm venous thrombus formation, mice were treated with a daily injection of platelet-depleting antibody (anti-GP1bα) to maintain thrombocytopenia or with control IgG until postoperative day 10, at which time IVC and thrombi were harvested and thrombus length, volume, fibrosis, neovascularization, and smooth muscle cell invasion analyzed. Vein wall fibrosis and intimal thickening were also determined. RESULTS Mice that were made thrombocytopenic after venous thrombogenesis had thrombi that were less fibrotic, with fewer invading smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, thrombocytopenia in the setting of venous thrombosis resulted in less postthrombotic vein wall intimal thickening. Thrombus volume did not differ between thrombocytopenic mice and their control peers. CONCLUSIONS This work suggests that circulating platelets contribute to venous thrombus maturation, fibrosis, and adverse vein wall remodeling, and that that inhibition of platelet recruitment may decrease thrombus and vein wall fibrosis, thus helping thrombolysis and preventing postthrombotic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise DeRoo
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly Martinod
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deya Cherpokova
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tobias Fuchs
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen Cifuni
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Long Chu
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caleb Staudinger
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Denisa D. Wagner
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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