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Böhm EW, Buonfiglio F, Korb CA, Dauth A, Pfeiffer N, Bręborowicz A, Gericke A. Potential of Sulodexide in the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy and Retinal Vein Occlusion. Thromb Haemost 2025; 125:291-307. [PMID: 39293483 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1791232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Retinal vascular diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy or retinal vein occlusion, are common causes of severe vision loss. Central to the pathophysiology of these conditions are endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, capillary leakage, ischemia, and pathological neoangiogenesis. Capillary damage leads to leakage and the development of macular edema, which is associated with vision loss and requires complex treatment. Sulodexide, a glycosaminoglycan composed of heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate with high oral bioavailability, exhibits several favorable pharmacologic properties, including antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, and endothelium-protective effects. Additionally, treatment with sulodexide has been associated with the reduction of oxidative stress and decreased expression of angiogenic growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor. This review aims to provide an overview of the pharmacological properties, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic effects of sulodexide. Furthermore, its potential for clinical application in venous and diabetic diseases, such as venous thromboembolism, chronic venous insufficiency, peripheral artery disease, or diabetic nephropathy, is summarized. We also present experimental and clinical studies evaluating the potential of sulodexide in ocular conditions and discuss its therapeutic implications for the treatment of retinal vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Wilma Böhm
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Francesco Buonfiglio
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christina A Korb
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alice Dauth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrzej Bręborowicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Collegium Medicum, Zielona Góra University, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Adrian Gericke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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2
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Soboh S, Vorontsova A, Farhoud M, Barash U, Naroditsky I, Gross-Cohen M, Weissmann M, Nishioka Y, Woolf AS, Roberts NA, Shaked Y, Ilan N, Vlodavsky I. Tumor- and host-derived heparanase-2 (Hpa2) attenuates tumorigenicity: role of Hpa2 in macrophage polarization and BRD7 nuclear localization. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:894. [PMID: 39695102 PMCID: PMC11655850 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-07262-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 11/14/2024] [Accepted: 11/26/2024] [Indexed: 12/20/2024]
Abstract
Little attention was given to heparanase 2 (Hpa2) over the last two decades, possibly because it lacks a heparan sulfate (HS)-degrading activity typical of heparanase. Emerging results suggest, nonetheless, that Hpa2 plays a role in human pathologies, including cancer progression where it functions as a tumor suppressor. Here, we examined the role of Hpa2 in cervical carcinoma. We report that high levels of Hpa2 correlate with prolonged survival of cervical carcinoma patients. Strong staining intensity of Hpa2 also correlates with low tumor grade. Overexpression of Hpa2 in SiHa cervical carcinoma cells resulted in tumor xenografts that were two-fold smaller than control tumors. Interestingly, even smaller tumor xenografts were developed by SiHa cells overexpressing the Pro140Arg and Asn543Ile Hpa2 missense mutations that were identified in patients diagnosed with urofacial syndrome (UFS). Utilizing the Ras recruitment system, we identified bromodomain-containing protein 7 (BRD7) to interact with Hpa2 and found that both BRD7 and the Hpa2 mutants are translocated to the cell nucleus in tumors developed by the Pro140Arg and Asn543Ile Hpa2 mutants. Utilizing our newly developed conditional Hpa2-KO mice, we further show that Hpa2 plays a critical role in macrophage polarization; in the absence of Hpa2, macrophages are shifted towards pro-tumorigenic, M2 phenotype. Notably, implanting SiHa cervical carcinoma cells together with Hpa2-KO macrophages promoted tumor growth. These results support, and further expand, the notion that Hpa2 functions as a tumor suppressor, co-operating with another tumor suppressor, BRD7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soaad Soboh
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Avital Vorontsova
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Malik Farhoud
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Uri Barash
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Inna Naroditsky
- Departments of Pathology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Miriam Gross-Cohen
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Marina Weissmann
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yasuhiko Nishioka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Adrian S Woolf
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Neil A Roberts
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Yuval Shaked
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Neta Ilan
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
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3
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Chhabra M, Shanthamurthy CD, Kumar NV, Mardhekar S, Vishweshwara SS, Wimmer N, Modhiran N, Watterson D, Amarilla AA, Cha JS, Beckett JR, De Voss JJ, Kayal Y, Vlodavsky I, Dorsett LR, Smith RAA, Gandhi NS, Kikkeri R, Ferro V. Amphiphilic Heparinoids as Potent Antiviral Agents against SARS-CoV-2. J Med Chem 2024; 67:11885-11916. [PMID: 38995734 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel series of heparinoid amphiphiles as inhibitors of heparanase and SARS-CoV-2. By employing a tailor-made synthetic strategy, a library of highly sulfated homo-oligosaccharides bearing d-glucose or a C5-epimer (i.e., l-idose or l-iduronic acid) conjugated with various lipophilic groups was synthesized and investigated for antiviral activity. Sulfated higher oligosaccharides of d-glucose or l-idose with lipophilic aglycones displayed potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 and antiheparanse activity, similar to or better than pixatimod (PG545), and were more potent than their isosteric l-iduronic acid congeners. Lipophilic groups such as cholestanol and C18-aliphatic substitution are more advantageous than functional group appended lipophilic moieties. These findings confirm that fine-tuning of higher oligosaccharides, degree of sulfation, and lipophilic groups can yield compounds with potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Chhabra
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Chethan D Shanthamurthy
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | | | - Sandhya Mardhekar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Sharath S Vishweshwara
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Norbert Wimmer
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Alberto A Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jonathan S Cha
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - James R Beckett
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - James J De Voss
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yasmin Kayal
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Lauren R Dorsett
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Raymond A A Smith
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Neha S Gandhi
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghavendra Kikkeri
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Vito Ferro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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4
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Shi J, Onuki Y, Kawanami F, Miyagawa N, Iwasaki F, Tsuda H, Takahashi K, Oku T, Suzuki M, Higashi K, Adachi H, Nishimura Y, Nakajima M, Irimura T, Higashi N. The Uptake of Heparanase into Mast Cells Is Regulated by Its Enzymatic Activity to Degrade Heparan Sulfate. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6281. [PMID: 38892469 PMCID: PMC11173065 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Mast cells take up extracellular latent heparanase and store it in secretory granules. The present study examined whether the enzymatic activity of heparanase regulates its uptake efficiency. Recombinant mouse heparanase mimicking both the latent and mature forms (L-Hpse and M-Hpse, respectively) was internalized into mastocytoma MST cells, peritoneal cell-derived mast cells, and bone marrow-derived mast cells. The internalized amount of L-Hpse was significantly higher than that of M-Hpse. In MST cells, L-Hpse was continuously internalized for up to 8 h, while the uptake of M-Hpse was saturated after 2 h of incubation. L-Hpse and M-Hpse are similarly bound to the MST cell surface. The expression level of cell surface heparan sulfate was reduced in MST cells incubated with M-Hpse. The internalized amount of M-Hpse into mast cells was significantly increased in the presence of heparastatin (SF4), a small molecule heparanase inhibitor that does not affect the binding of heparanase to immobilized heparin. Enzymatically quiescent M-Hpse was prepared with a point mutation at Glu335. The internalized amount of mutated M-Hpse was significantly higher than that of wild-type M-Hpse but similar to that of wild-type and mutated L-Hpse. These results suggest that the enzymatic activity of heparanase negatively regulates the mast cell-mediated uptake of heparanase, possibly via the downregulation of cell surface heparan sulfate expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shi
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku 142-8501, Tokyo, Japan; (J.S.); (Y.O.); (H.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Yoshiki Onuki
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku 142-8501, Tokyo, Japan; (J.S.); (Y.O.); (H.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Fumiya Kawanami
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku 142-8501, Tokyo, Japan; (J.S.); (Y.O.); (H.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Naoko Miyagawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku 142-8501, Tokyo, Japan; (J.S.); (Y.O.); (H.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Fumika Iwasaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku 142-8501, Tokyo, Japan; (J.S.); (Y.O.); (H.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Haruna Tsuda
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku 142-8501, Tokyo, Japan; (J.S.); (Y.O.); (H.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Katsuhiko Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku 142-8501, Tokyo, Japan; (J.S.); (Y.O.); (H.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Teruaki Oku
- Department of Microbiology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku 142-8501, Tokyo, Japan;
| | - Masato Suzuki
- Department of Clinical and Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641, Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan (K.H.)
| | - Kyohei Higashi
- Department of Clinical and Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641, Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan (K.H.)
| | - Hayamitsu Adachi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 18-24, Miyamoto, Numazu 410-0301, Shizuoka, Japan;
| | - Yoshio Nishimura
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku 141-0021, Tokyo, Japan;
| | - Motowo Nakajima
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., 1-6-1, Roppongi, Minato-ku 106-6019, Tokyo, Japan;
| | - Tatsuro Irimura
- Division of Glycobiologics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 113-8421, Tokyo, Japan;
| | - Nobuaki Higashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku 142-8501, Tokyo, Japan; (J.S.); (Y.O.); (H.T.); (K.T.)
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5
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Nguyen TK, Paone S, Baxter AA, Mayfosh AJ, Phan TK, Chan E, Peter K, Poon IKH, Thomas SR, Hulett MD. Heparanase promotes the onset and progression of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E gene knockout mice. Atherosclerosis 2024; 392:117519. [PMID: 38581737 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Atherosclerosis is the primary underlying cause of myocardial infarction and stroke, which are the major causes of death globally. Heparanase (Hpse) is a pro-inflammatory extracellular matrix degrading enzyme that has been implicated in atherogenesis. However, to date the precise roles of Hpse in atherosclerosis and its mechanisms of action are not well defined. This study aims to provide new insights into the contribution of Hpse in different stages of atherosclerosis in vivo. METHODS We generated Hpse gene-deficient mice on the atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E gene knockout (ApoE-/-) background to investigate the impact of Hpse gene deficiency on the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis after 6 and 14 weeks high-fat diet feeding, respectively. Atherosclerotic lesion development, blood serum profiles, lesion composition and aortic immune cell populations were evaluated. RESULTS Hpse-deficient mice exhibited significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesion burden in the aortic sinus and aorta at both time-points, independent of changes in plasma cholesterol levels. A significant reduction in the necrotic core size and an increase in smooth muscle cell content were also observed in advanced atherosclerotic plaques of Hpse-deficient mice. Additionally, Hpse deficiency reduced circulating and aortic levels of VCAM-1 at the initiation and progression stages of disease and circulating MCP-1 levels in the initiation but not progression stage. Moreover, the aortic levels of total leukocytes and dendritic cells in Hpse-deficient ApoE-/- mice were significantly decreased compared to control ApoE-/-mice at both disease stages. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies Hpse as a key pro-inflammatory enzyme driving the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and highlighting the potential of Hpse inhibitors as novel anti-inflammatory treatments for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien K Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Stephanie Paone
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Amy A Baxter
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Alyce J Mayfosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Thanh Kha Phan
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Enoch Chan
- Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Ivan K H Poon
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Shane R Thomas
- Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Mark D Hulett
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia.
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6
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Liu P, Wang Y, Tian K, Bai X, Wang Y, Wang Y. Artesunate inhibits macrophage-like phenotype switching of vascular smooth muscle cells and attenuates vascular inflammatory injury in atherosclerosis via NLRP3. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116255. [PMID: 38325261 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is one of the main pathogenic factors of atherosclerosis (AS), and the phenotypic transformation of macrophages in human vascular smooth muscle cells (HVSMCs) contributes to the inflammatory injury of blood vessels and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Artesunate reportedly exerts anti-inflammatory activity against AS. Herein, we aimed to explore the artesunate-mediated anti-inflammatory and HVSMC phenotypic switch effects against AS and elucidate potential underlying mechanisms. In vitro, artesunate decreased expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, and interleukin (IL)- 1β. Artesunate significantly inhibited low-density lipoprotein (LDL) expression in HVSMCs and macrophages. In vivo, artesunate reduced atherosclerotic plaque formation in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed ApoE-/- mice, as well as decreased NLRP3 and CD68 expression in atherosclerotic plaques. Artesunate decreased serum levels of triglycerides and increased high-density lipoprotein levels in HFD-med mice; however, serum levels of total cholesterol and LDL were unaltered. Treatment with artesunate substantially increased α-smooth muscle actin expression in aortic tissues while inhibiting expression levels of NLRP3, IL-1β, heparinase, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4). Collectively, our findings suggest that artesunate-mediated effects may involve inhibition of the ERK1/2/NF-κB/IL-1β pathway in HVSMCs via the downregulation of NLRP3 expression. Thus, artesunate could serve as a novel strategy to treat AS by inhibiting AS plaque formation and suppressing macrophage-like phenotype switching of HVSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Keke Tian
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xinyu Bai
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yaowen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Cardiac Arrhythmias Therapeutic Service Center, Chongqing 400010, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China.
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7
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Liu Y, Zhang L, Chen X, Sun C, Zhang Y, Li Y, Li C. Functional characterization of porcine nucleophosmin (NPM1) gene in promoting the replication of Japanese encephalitis virus and induction of inflammatory cytokines. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 148:104902. [PMID: 37536401 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a multifunctional nucleolar protein that plays a role in cell cycle control, tumorigenesis, induction of the inflammatory cytokine, virus replication, as well as the cellular responses to a variety of stress stimuli. However, its physiological functions in pigs have not been well understood. Here, we cloned the porcine NPM1 (porNPM1) gene and analyzed the functions of the porNPM1 protein in pigs. The full-length porNPM1 gene encoded a 294-amino acid protein with 94.5%-99.3% sequence identity to its orthologues in mammals and was extensively expressed in various pig tissues at the mRNA level. The porNPM1 primarily localizes in the nucleus of ST cells, while it translocates from the nucleus to nucleoplasm upon UV irradiation or H2O2 treatment. Notably, JEV infection blocked the translocation of porNPM1 from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm. Furthermore, porNPM1 interacted with the JEV C protein and facilitated JEV replication in ST cells. The overexpression and knockdown of porNPM1 respectively enhanced or impaired JEV replication, suggesting the important role of porNPM1 in JEV replication. Additionally, the purified ectodomain of porNPM1 induced the production of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8). Together, these data demonstrated that porNPM1 is involved in cellular stress stimuli, JEV replication, and induction of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linjie Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuwen Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanbing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chenxi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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8
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Chen TT, Lv JJ, Chen L, Li M, Liu LP. Heparanase inhibition leads to improvement in patients with acute gastrointestinal injuries induced by sepsis. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:5154-5165. [PMID: 37744293 PMCID: PMC10514756 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i35.5154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with sepsis are at high risk for acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI), but the diagnosis and treatment of AGI due to sepsis are unsatisfactory. Heparanase (HPA) plays an important role in septic AGI (S-AGI), but its specific mechanism is not completely understood, and few clinical reports are available. AIM To explore the effect and mechanism of HPA inhibition in S-AGI patients. METHODS In our prospective clinical trial, 48 patients with S-AGI were randomly assigned to a control group to receive conventional treatment, whereas 47 patients were randomly assigned to an intervention group to receive conventional treatment combined with low molecular weight heparin. AGI grade, sequential organ failure assessment score, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score, D-dimer, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), anti-Xa factor, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α, HPA, syndecan-1 (SDC-1), LC3B (autophagy marker), intestinal fatty acid binding protein, D-lactate, motilin, gastrin, CD4/CD8, length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, length of hospital stay and 28-d survival on the 1st, 3rd and 7th d after treatment were compared. Correlations between HPA and AGI grading as well as LC3B were compared. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to evaluate the diagnostic value of HPA, intestinal fatty acid binding protein and D-lactate in S-AGI. RESULTS Serum HPA and SCD-1 levels were significantly reduced in the intervention group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, intestinal fatty acid-binding protein, D-lactate, AGI grade, motilin, and gastrin levels and sequential organ failure assessment score were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the intervention group. However, LC3B, APTT, anti-Xa factor, and CD4/CD8 were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the intervention group. No significant differences in interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α, d-dimer, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score, length of ICU stay, length of hospital stay, or 28-d survival were noted between the two groups (P > 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between HPA and LC3B and a significant positive correlation between HPA and AGI grade. ROC curve analysis showed that HPA had higher specificity and sensitivity in diagnosis of S-AGI. CONCLUSION HPA has great potential as a diagnostic marker for S-AGI. Inhibition of HPA activity reduces SDC-1 shedding and alleviates S-AGI symptoms. The inhibitory effect of HPA in gastrointestinal protection may be achieved by enhanced autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Chen
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jia-Jun Lv
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Emergency Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Emergency Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Li-Ping Liu
- Department of Emergency Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
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9
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Liu A, Zeng F, Wang L, Zhen H, Xia X, Pei H, Dong C, Zhang Y, Ding J. High temperature influences DNA methylation and transcriptional profiles in sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus intermedius). BMC Genomics 2023; 24:491. [PMID: 37641027 PMCID: PMC10464075 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09616-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation plays an important role in life processes by affecting gene expression, but it is still unclear how DNA methylation is controlled and how it regulates gene transcription under high temperature stress conditions in Strongylocentrotus intermedius. The potential link between DNA methylation variation and gene expression changes in response to heat stress in S. intermedius was investigated by MethylRAD-seq and RNA-seq analysis. We screened DNA methylation driver genes in order to comprehensively elucidate the regulatory mechanism of its high temperature adaptation at the DNA/RNA level. RESULTS The results revealed that high temperature stress significantly affected not only the DNA methylation and transcriptome levels of S. intermedius (P < 0.05), but also growth. MethylRAD-seq analysis revealed 12,129 CG differential methylation sites and 966 CWG differential methylation sites, and identified a total of 189 differentially CG methylated genes and 148 differentially CWG methylated genes. Based on KEGG enrichment analysis, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are mostly enriched in energy and cell division, immune, and neurological damage pathways. Further RNA-seq analysis identified a total of 1968 DEGs, of which 813 genes were upregulated and 1155 genes were downregulated. Based on the joint MethylRAD-seq and RNA-seq analysis, metabolic processes such as glycosaminoglycan degradation, oxidative phosphorylation, apoptosis, glutathione metabolism, thermogenesis, and lysosomes are regulated by DNA methylation. CONCLUSIONS High temperature affected the DNA methylation and expression levels of genes such as MOAP-1, GGT1 and RDH8, which in turn affects the metabolism of HPSE, Cox, glutathione, and retinol, thereby suppressing the immune, energy metabolism, and antioxidant functions of the organism and finally manifesting as stunted growth. In summary, the observations in the present study improve our understanding of the molecular mechanism of the response to high temperature stress in sea urchin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Fanshuang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Luo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Hao Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xinglong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Honglin Pei
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Changkun Dong
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
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10
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Wang LJ, Feng F, Li JC, Chen TT, Liu LP. Role of heparanase in pulmonary hypertension. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1202676. [PMID: 37637421 PMCID: PMC10450954 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1202676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a pathophysiological condition of increased pulmonary circulation vascular resistance due to various reasons, which mainly leads to right heart dysfunction and even death, especially in critically ill patients. Although drug interventions have shown some efficacy in improving the hemodynamics of PH patients, the mortality rate remains high. Hence, the identification of new targets and treatment strategies for PH is imperative. Heparanase (HPA) is an enzyme that specifically cleaves the heparan sulfate (HS) side chains in the extracellular matrix, playing critical roles in inflammation and tumorigenesis. Recent studies have indicated a close association between HPA and PH, suggesting HPA as a potential therapeutic target. This review examines the involvement of HPA in PH pathogenesis, including its effects on endothelial cells, inflammation, and coagulation. Furthermore, HPA may serve as a biomarker for diagnosing PH, and the development of HPA inhibitors holds promise as a targeted therapy for PH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Jun Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Fei Feng
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jian-Chun Li
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ting-Ting Chen
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Li-Ping Liu
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Departments of Emergency Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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11
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Vlodavsky I, Kayal Y, Hilwi M, Soboh S, Sanderson RD, Ilan N. Heparanase-A single protein with multiple enzymatic and nonenzymatic functions. PROTEOGLYCAN RESEARCH 2023; 1:e6. [PMID: 37547889 PMCID: PMC10398610 DOI: 10.1002/pgr2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Heparanase (Hpa1) is expressed by tumor cells and cells of the tumor microenvironment and functions extracellularly to remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM) and regulate the bioavailability of ECM-bound factors, augmenting, among other effects, gene transcription, autophagy, exosome formation, and heparan sulfate (HS) turnover. Much of the impact of heparanase on tumor progression is related to its function in mediating tumor-host crosstalk, priming the tumor microenvironment to better support tumor growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance. The enzyme appears to fulfill some normal functions associated, for example, with vesicular traffic, lysosomal-based secretion, autophagy, HS turnover, and gene transcription. It activates cells of the innate immune system, promotes the formation of exosomes and autophagosomes, and stimulates signal transduction pathways via enzymatic and nonenzymatic activities. These effects dynamically impact multiple regulatory pathways that together drive tumor growth, dissemination, and drug resistance as well as inflammatory responses. The emerging premise is that heparanase expressed by tumor cells, immune cells, endothelial cells, and other cells of the tumor microenvironment is a key regulator of the aggressive phenotype of cancer, an important contributor to the poor outcome of cancer patients and a valid target for therapy. So far, however, antiheparanase-based therapy has not been implemented in the clinic. Unlike heparanase, heparanase-2 (Hpa2), a close homolog of heparanase (Hpa1), does not undergo proteolytic processing and hence lacks intrinsic HS-degrading activity, the hallmark of heparanase. Hpa2 retains the capacity to bind heparin/HS and exhibits an even higher affinity towards HS than heparanase, thus competing for HS binding and inhibiting heparanase enzymatic activity. It appears that Hpa2 functions as a natural inhibitor of Hpa1 regulates the expression of selected genes that maintain tissue hemostasis and normal function, and plays a protective role against cancer and inflammation, together emphasizing the significance of maintaining a proper balance between Hpa1 and Hpa2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, TechnionRappaport Faculty of MedicineHaifaIsrael
| | - Yasmin Kayal
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, TechnionRappaport Faculty of MedicineHaifaIsrael
| | - Maram Hilwi
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, TechnionRappaport Faculty of MedicineHaifaIsrael
| | - Soaad Soboh
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, TechnionRappaport Faculty of MedicineHaifaIsrael
| | - Ralph D. Sanderson
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Neta Ilan
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, TechnionRappaport Faculty of MedicineHaifaIsrael
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12
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Sutherland TE, Dyer DP, Allen JE. The extracellular matrix and the immune system: A mutually dependent relationship. Science 2023; 379:eabp8964. [PMID: 36795835 DOI: 10.1126/science.abp8964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
For decades, immunologists have studied the role of circulating immune cells in host protection, with a more recent appreciation of immune cells resident within the tissue microenvironment and the intercommunication between nonhematopoietic cells and immune cells. However, the extracellular matrix (ECM), which comprises at least a third of tissue structures, remains relatively underexplored in immunology. Similarly, matrix biologists often overlook regulation of complex structural matrices by the immune system. We are only beginning to understand the scale at which ECM structures determine immune cell localization and function. Additionally, we need to better understand how immune cells dictate ECM complexity. This review aims to highlight the potential for biological discovery at the interface of immunology and matrix biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara E Sutherland
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology & Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Center, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Dentistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Douglas P Dyer
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology & Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Center, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Group, University of Manchester, Salford M6 8HD, UK
| | - Judith E Allen
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology & Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Center, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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13
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Lee CS, Zhai Y, Shang R, Wong T, Mattison AJ, Cen HH, Johnson JD, Vlodavsky I, Hussein B, Rodrigues B. Flow-Induced Secretion of Endothelial Heparanase Regulates Cardiac Lipoprotein Lipase and Changes Following Diabetes. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e027958. [PMID: 36416172 PMCID: PMC9851453 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.027958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-derived fatty acid is a major source of energy for cardiac contraction. Synthesized in cardiomyocytes, LPL requires translocation to the vascular lumen for hydrolysis of lipoprotein triglyceride, an action mediated by endothelial cell (EC) release of heparanase. We determined whether flow-mediated biophysical forces can cause ECs to secrete heparanase and thus regulate cardiac metabolism. Methods and Results Isolated hearts were retrogradely perfused. Confluent rat aortic ECs were exposed to laminar flow using an orbital shaker. Cathepsin L activity was determined using gelatin-zymography. Diabetes was induced in rats with streptozotocin. Despite the abundance of enzymatically active heparanase in the heart, it was the enzymatically inactive, latent heparanase that was exceptionally responsive to flow-induced release. EC exposed to orbital rotation exhibited a similar pattern of heparanase secretion, an effect that was reproduced by activation of the mechanosensor, Piezo1. The laminar flow-mediated release of heparanase from EC required activation of both the purinergic receptor and protein kinase D, a kinase that assists in vesicular transport of proteins. Heparanase influenced cardiac metabolism by increasing cardiomyocyte LPL displacement along with subsequent replenishment. The flow-induced heparanase secretion was augmented following diabetes and could explain the increased heparin-releasable pool of LPL at the coronary lumen in these diabetic hearts. Conclusions ECs sense fluid shear-stress and communicate this information to subjacent cardiomyocytes with the help of heparanase. This flow-induced mechanosensing and its dynamic control of cardiac metabolism to generate ATP, using LPL-derived fatty acid, is exquisitely adapted to respond to disease conditions, like diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Syng Lee
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUBCVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Yajie Zhai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUBCVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Rui Shang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUBCVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Trevor Wong
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUBCVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Aurora J. Mattison
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences & Department of SurgeryDiabetes Focus Team, Life Sciences Institute, UBCVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Haoning Howard Cen
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences & Department of SurgeryDiabetes Focus Team, Life Sciences Institute, UBCVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - James D. Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences & Department of SurgeryDiabetes Focus Team, Life Sciences Institute, UBCVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research CenterRappaport Faculty of Medicine, TechnionHaifaIsrael
| | - Bahira Hussein
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUBCVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Brian Rodrigues
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUBCVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
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14
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Heparanase: A Novel Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of Atherosclerosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203198. [PMID: 36291066 PMCID: PMC9599978 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and its management places a huge burden on healthcare systems through hospitalisation and treatment. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall resulting in the formation of lipid-rich, fibrotic plaques under the subendothelium and is a key contributor to the development of CVD. As such, a detailed understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development of atherosclerosis is urgently required for more effective disease treatment and prevention strategies. Heparanase is the only mammalian enzyme known to cleave heparan sulfate of heparan sulfate proteoglycans, which is a key component of the extracellular matrix and basement membrane. By cleaving heparan sulfate, heparanase contributes to the regulation of numerous physiological and pathological processes such as wound healing, inflammation, tumour angiogenesis, and cell migration. Recent evidence suggests a multifactorial role for heparanase in atherosclerosis by promoting underlying inflammatory processes giving rise to plaque formation, as well as regulating lesion stability. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the role of heparanase in physiological and pathological processes with a focus on the emerging role of the enzyme in atherosclerosis.
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15
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Kim M, Lee C, Park J. Extracellular matrix remodeling facilitates obesity-associated cancer progression. Trends Cell Biol 2022; 32:825-834. [PMID: 35307288 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, a global public health concern, is an important risk factor for metabolic diseases and several cancers. Fibro-inflammation in adipose tissues (ATs) is tightly associated with the pathologies of obesity; excessive or uncontrolled extracellular matrix (ECM) production in AT has a crucial role in this pathogenesis. The ECM is a critical and functional component of various tissues, providing a mechanical and chemical network of proteins that controls cell survival, development, and tissue repair. The ECM is tightly regulated and dynamically remodeled; this is an important factor for AT expansion and can result in modifications to the physical shape and biological function of AT. Here, we focus on ECM remodeling in AT and how it affects obesity-related cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Changhu Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Shi J, Kanoya R, Tani Y, Ishikawa S, Maeda R, Suzuki S, Kawanami F, Miyagawa N, Takahashi K, Oku T, Yamamoto A, Fukuzawa K, Nakajima M, Irimura T, Higashi N. Sulfated Hyaluronan Binds to Heparanase and Blocks Its Enzymatic and Cellular Actions in Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095055. [PMID: 35563446 PMCID: PMC9102160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined whether sulfated hyaluronan exerts inhibitory effects on enzymatic and biological actions of heparanase, a sole endo-beta-glucuronidase implicated in cancer malignancy and inflammation. Degradation of heparan sulfate by human and mouse heparanase was inhibited by sulfated hyaluronan. In particular, high-sulfated hyaluronan modified with approximately 2.5 sulfate groups per disaccharide unit effectively inhibited the enzymatic activity at a lower concentration than heparin. Human and mouse heparanase bound to immobilized sulfated hyaluronan. Invasion of heparanase-positive colon-26 cells and 4T1 cells under 3D culture conditions was significantly suppressed in the presence of high-sulfated hyaluronan. Heparanase-induced release of CCL2 from colon-26 cells was suppressed in the presence of sulfated hyaluronan via blocking of cell surface binding and subsequent intracellular NF-κB-dependent signaling. The inhibitory effect of sulfated hyaluronan is likely due to competitive binding to the heparanase molecule, which antagonizes the heparanase-substrate interaction. Fragment molecular orbital calculation revealed a strong binding of sulfated hyaluronan tetrasaccharide to the heparanase molecule based on electrostatic interactions, particularly characterized by interactions of (−1)- and (−2)-positioned sulfated sugar residues with basic amino acid residues composing the heparin-binding domain-1 of heparanase. These results propose a relevance for sulfated hyaluronan in the blocking of heparanase-mediated enzymatic and cellular actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shi
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 144-8501, Japan; (J.S.); (R.K.); (Y.T.); (S.I.); (R.M.); (S.S.); (F.K.); (N.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Riku Kanoya
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 144-8501, Japan; (J.S.); (R.K.); (Y.T.); (S.I.); (R.M.); (S.S.); (F.K.); (N.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Yurina Tani
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 144-8501, Japan; (J.S.); (R.K.); (Y.T.); (S.I.); (R.M.); (S.S.); (F.K.); (N.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Sodai Ishikawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 144-8501, Japan; (J.S.); (R.K.); (Y.T.); (S.I.); (R.M.); (S.S.); (F.K.); (N.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Rino Maeda
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 144-8501, Japan; (J.S.); (R.K.); (Y.T.); (S.I.); (R.M.); (S.S.); (F.K.); (N.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Sana Suzuki
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 144-8501, Japan; (J.S.); (R.K.); (Y.T.); (S.I.); (R.M.); (S.S.); (F.K.); (N.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Fumiya Kawanami
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 144-8501, Japan; (J.S.); (R.K.); (Y.T.); (S.I.); (R.M.); (S.S.); (F.K.); (N.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Naoko Miyagawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 144-8501, Japan; (J.S.); (R.K.); (Y.T.); (S.I.); (R.M.); (S.S.); (F.K.); (N.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Katsuhiko Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 144-8501, Japan; (J.S.); (R.K.); (Y.T.); (S.I.); (R.M.); (S.S.); (F.K.); (N.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Teruaki Oku
- Department of Microbiology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 144-8501, Japan;
| | - Ami Yamamoto
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 144-8501, Japan; (A.Y.); (K.F.)
| | - Kaori Fukuzawa
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 144-8501, Japan; (A.Y.); (K.F.)
| | - Motowo Nakajima
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., 1-6-1, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-6019, Japan;
| | - Tatsuro Irimura
- Division of Glycobiologics, Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 104-8520, Japan;
| | - Nobuaki Higashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 144-8501, Japan; (J.S.); (R.K.); (Y.T.); (S.I.); (R.M.); (S.S.); (F.K.); (N.M.); (K.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5498-5775
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17
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Masola V, Greco N, Gambaro G, Franchi M, Onisto M. Heparanase as active player in endothelial glycocalyx remodeling. Matrix Biol Plus 2022; 13:100097. [PMID: 35036899 PMCID: PMC8749438 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2021.100097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The surface of all animal cells is coated with a layer of carbohydrates linked in various ways to the outer side of the plasma membrane. These carbohydrates are mainly bound to proteins in the form of glycoproteins and proteoglycans and together with the glycolipids constitute the so-called glycocalyx. In particular, the endothelial glycocalyx that covers the luminal layer of the endothelium is composed of glycosaminoglycans (heparan sulphate -HS and hyaluronic acid -HA), proteoglycans (syndecans and glypicans) and adsorbed plasma proteins. Thanks to its ability to absorb water, this structure contributes to making the surface of the vessels slippery but at the same time acts by modulating the mechano-transduction of the vessels, the vascular permeability and the adhesion of leukocytes in thus regulating several physiological and pathological events. Among the various enzymes involved in the degradation of the glycocalyx, heparanase (HPSE) has been shown to be particularly involved. This enzyme is responsible for the cutting of heparan sulfate (HS) chains at the level of the proteoglycans of the endothelial glycocalyx whose dysfunction appears to have a role in organ fibrosis, sepsis and viral infection. In this mini-review, we describe the mechanisms by which HPSE contributes to glycocalyx remodeling and then examine the role of glycocalyx degradation in the development of pathological conditions and pharmacological strategies to preserve glycocalyx during disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Masola
- Renal Unit, Dept. of Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Nicola Greco
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gambaro
- Renal Unit, Dept. of Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Franchi
- Dept. of Life Quality Sciences, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Maurizio Onisto
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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18
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Pape T, Hunkemöller AM, Kümpers P, Haller H, David S, Stahl K. Targeting the "sweet spot" in septic shock - A perspective on the endothelial glycocalyx regulating proteins Heparanase-1 and -2. Matrix Biol Plus 2021; 12:100095. [PMID: 34917926 PMCID: PMC8669377 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2021.100095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening syndrome caused by a pathological host response to an infection that eventually, if uncontrolled, leads to septic shock and ultimately, death. In sepsis, a massive aggregation of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) cause a cytokine storm. The endothelial glycocalyx (eGC) is a gel like layer on the luminal side of the endothelium that consists of proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and plasma proteins. It is synthesized by endothelial cells and plays an active role in the regulation of inflammation, permeability, and coagulation. In sepsis, early and profound injury of the eGC is observed and circulating eGC components correlate directly with clinical severity and outcome. The activity of the heparan sulfate (HS) specific glucuronidase Heparanase-1 (Hpa-1) is elevated in sepsis, resulting in shedding of heparan sulfate (HS), a main GAG of the eGC. HS induces endothelial barrier breakdown and accelerates systemic inflammation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a PAMP mainly found on the surface of gram-negative bacteria, activates TLR-4, which results in cytokine production and further activation of Hpa-1. Hpa-1 shed HS fragments act as DAMPs themselves, leading to a vicious cycle of inflammation and end-organ dysfunction such as septic cardiomyopathy and encephalopathy. Recently, Hpa-1's natural antagonist, Heparanase-2 (Hpa-2) has been identified. It has no intrinsic enzymatic activity but instead acts by reducing inflammation. Hpa-2 levels are reduced in septic mice and patients, leading to an acquired imbalance of Hpa-1 and Hpa-2 paving the road towards a therapeutic intervention. Recently, the synthetic antimicrobial peptide 19-2.5 was described as a promising therapy protecting the eGC by inhibition of Hpa-1 activity and HS shed fragments in animal studies. However, a recombinant Hpa-2 therapy does not exist to the present time. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), a modality already tested in clinical practice, effectively removes injurious mediators, e.g., Hpa-1, while replacing depleted protective molecules, e.g., Hpa-2. In critically ill patients with septic shock, TPE restores the physiological Hpa-1/Hpa-2 ratio and attenuates eGC breakdown. TPE results in a significant improvement in hemodynamic instability including reduced vasopressor requirement. Although promising, further studies are needed to determine the therapeutic impact of TPE in septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorben Pape
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna Maria Hunkemöller
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Philipp Kümpers
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hermann Haller
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sascha David
- Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Stahl
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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19
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Karamanos NK, Theocharis AD, Piperigkou Z, Manou D, Passi A, Skandalis SS, Vynios DH, Orian-Rousseau V, Ricard-Blum S, Schmelzer CEH, Duca L, Durbeej M, Afratis NA, Troeberg L, Franchi M, Masola V, Onisto M. A guide to the composition and functions of the extracellular matrix. FEBS J 2021; 288:6850-6912. [PMID: 33605520 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 505] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic 3-dimensional network of macromolecules that provides structural support for the cells and tissues. Accumulated knowledge clearly demonstrated over the last decade that ECM plays key regulatory roles since it orchestrates cell signaling, functions, properties and morphology. Extracellularly secreted as well as cell-bound factors are among the major members of the ECM family. Proteins/glycoproteins, such as collagens, elastin, laminins and tenascins, proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans, hyaluronan, and their cell receptors such as CD44 and integrins, responsible for cell adhesion, comprise a well-organized functional network with significant roles in health and disease. On the other hand, enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases and specific glycosidases including heparanase and hyaluronidases contribute to matrix remodeling and affect human health. Several cell processes and functions, among them cell proliferation and survival, migration, differentiation, autophagy, angiogenesis, and immunity regulation are affected by certain matrix components. Structural alterations have been also well associated with disease progression. This guide on the composition and functions of the ECM gives a broad overview of the matrisome, the major ECM macromolecules, and their interaction networks within the ECM and with the cell surface, summarizes their main structural features and their roles in tissue organization and cell functions, and emphasizes the importance of specific ECM constituents in disease development and progression as well as the advances in molecular targeting of ECM to design new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - Achilleas D Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Zoi Piperigkou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitra Manou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Spyros S Skandalis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Demitrios H Vynios
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Véronique Orian-Rousseau
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems- Functional Molecular Systems, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- University of Lyon, UMR 5246, ICBMS, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Christian E H Schmelzer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Natural Sciences I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Laurent Duca
- UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Team 2: Matrix Aging and Vascular Remodelling, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Reims, France
| | - Madeleine Durbeej
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Muscle Biology, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Nikolaos A Afratis
- Department Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Linda Troeberg
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Bob Champion Research and Education Building, Norwich, UK
| | - Marco Franchi
- Department for Life Quality Study, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Onisto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
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20
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Mayfosh AJ, Goodall KJ, Nguyen T, Baschuk N, Hulett MD. Heparanase is a regulator of natural killer cell activation and cytotoxicity. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:1211-1224. [PMID: 34693552 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0420-259rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparanase is the only mammalian enzyme capable of cleaving heparan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix and cell surfaces. Most immune cells express heparanase that contributes to a range of functions including cell migration and cytokine expression. Heparanase also promotes natural killer (NK) cell migration; however, its role in other NK cell functions remains to be defined. In this study, heparanase-deficient (Hpse-/- ) mice were used to assess the role of heparanase in NK cell cytotoxicity, activation, and cytokine production. Upon challenge with the immunostimulant polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), NK cells isolated from Hpse-/- mice displayed impaired cytotoxicity against EO771.LMB cells and reduced levels of activation markers CD69 and NKG2D. However, in vitro cytokine stimulation of wild-type and Hpse-/- NK cells resulted in similar CD69 and NKG2D expression, suggesting the impaired NK cell activation in Hpse-/- mice results from elements within the in vivo niche. NK cells are activated in vivo by dendritic cells (DCs) in response to poly(I:C). Poly(I:C)-stimulated Hpse-/- bone marrow DCs (BMDCs) expressed less IL-12, and when cultured with Hpse-/- NK cells, less MCP-1 mRNA and protein was detected. Although cell-cell contact is important for DC-mediated NK cell activation, co-cultures of Hpse-/- BMDCs and NK cells showed similar levels of contact to wild-type cells, suggesting heparanase contributes to NK cell activation independently of cell-cell contact with DCs. These observations define a role for heparanase in NK cell cytotoxicity and activation and have important implications for how heparanase inhibitors currently in clinical trials for metastatic cancer may impact NK cell immunosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyce J Mayfosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Katharine J Goodall
- oNKo-innate Pty. Ltd. Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Australia
| | - Tien Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nikola Baschuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- Heart Regeneration Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark D Hulett
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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21
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Mayfosh AJ, Nguyen TK, Hulett MD. The Heparanase Regulatory Network in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11096. [PMID: 34681753 PMCID: PMC8541136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a structural framework that has many important physiological functions which include maintaining tissue structure and integrity, serving as a barrier to invading pathogens, and acting as a reservoir for bioactive molecules. This cellular scaffold is made up of various types of macromolecules including heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). HSPGs comprise a protein core linked to the complex glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate (HS), the remodeling of which is important for many physiological processes such as wound healing as well as pathological processes including cancer metastasis. Turnover of HS is tightly regulated by a single enzyme capable of cleaving HS side chains: heparanase. Heparanase upregulation has been identified in many inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis, fibrosis, and cancer, where it has been shown to play multiple roles in processes such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and cancer metastasis. Heparanase expression and activity are tightly regulated. Understanding the regulation of heparanase and its downstream targets is attractive for the development of treatments for these diseases. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the regulators of heparanase as well as the enzyme's downstream gene and protein targets, and implications for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyce J. Mayfosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia; (A.J.M.); (T.K.N.)
| | - Tien K. Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia; (A.J.M.); (T.K.N.)
| | - Mark D. Hulett
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia; (A.J.M.); (T.K.N.)
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22
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Capozzi A, Riitano G, Recalchi S, Manganelli V, Costi R, Saccoliti F, Pulcinelli F, Garofalo T, Misasi R, Longo A, Di Santo R, Sorice M. Effect of heparanase inhibitor on tissue factor overexpression in platelets and endothelial cells induced by anti-β2-GPI antibodies. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:2302-2313. [PMID: 34107171 PMCID: PMC8456873 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by arterial and/or venous thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity associated with the presence of "anti-phospholipid antibodies." Thrombosis may be the result of a hypercoagulable state related to activation of endothelial cells and platelets by anti-β2-glycoprotein I (β2-GPI) antibodies. Anti-β2-GPI antibodies induce a proinflammatory and procoagulant phenotype in these cells that, after activation, express tissue factor (TF), the major initiator of the clotting cascade, playing a role in thrombotic manifestations. Moreover, TF expression may also be induced by heparanase, an endo-β-D-glucuronidase, that generates heparan sulfate fragments, regulating inflammatory responses. OBJECTIVES In this study we analyzed, in human platelets and endothelial cells, the effect of a new symmetrical 2-aminophenyl-benzazolyl-5-acetate derivative (RDS3337), able to inhibit heparanase activity, on signal transduction pathways leading to TF expression triggered by anti-β2-GPI. METHODS Platelets and endothelial cells were incubated with affinity purified anti-β2-GPI after pretreatment with RDS3337. Cell lysates were analyzed for phospho-interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), phospho-p65 nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and TF by western blot. In addition, platelet activation and secretion by ATP release dosage were evaluated. RESULTS IRAK phosphorylation and consequent NF-κB activation, as well as TF expression triggered by anti-β2-GPI treatment were significantly prevented by previous pretreatment with RDS3337. In the same vein, pretreatment with RDS3337 prevented platelet aggregation and ATP release triggered by anti-β2-GPI antibodies. CONCLUSION These findings support the view of heparanase involvement in a prothrombotic state related to APS syndrome, suggesting a novel target to regulate overexpression of procoagulant protein(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Capozzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine“Sapienza” University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Gloria Riitano
- Department of Experimental Medicine“Sapienza” University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Serena Recalchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine“Sapienza” University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Valeria Manganelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine“Sapienza” University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Roberta Costi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del FarmacoIstituto Pasteur‐Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti“Sapienza” University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Francesco Saccoliti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del FarmacoIstituto Pasteur‐Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti“Sapienza” University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Fabio Pulcinelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine“Sapienza” University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Tina Garofalo
- Department of Experimental Medicine“Sapienza” University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Roberta Misasi
- Department of Experimental Medicine“Sapienza” University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Agostina Longo
- Department of Experimental Medicine“Sapienza” University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Roberto Di Santo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del FarmacoIstituto Pasteur‐Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti“Sapienza” University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Maurizio Sorice
- Department of Experimental Medicine“Sapienza” University of RomeRomeItaly
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23
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Yang WJ, Shi L, Wang XM, Yang GW. Heparanase is a novel biomarker for immune infiltration and prognosis in breast cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:20836-20852. [PMID: 34461608 PMCID: PMC8436937 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Heparanase (HPSE), an endoglycosidase that cleaves heparan sulfate, regulates a variety of biological processes that promote tumor progression. In this study, we analyzed the correlation between HPSE expression and prognosis in cancer patients, using multiple databases (Oncomine, TIMER, PrognoScan, GEPIA, Kaplan-Meier plotter, miner v4.1, DAVID). HPSE expression was significantly increased in bladder, breast, lung, and stomach cancer compared to matched normal tissues. The increased HPSE expression correlated with poor prognosis and increased immune infiltration levels of B cells, CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells in bladder and breast cancer. In breast cancer, the high HPSE expression was associated with basal-like subtypes, younger age (0-40), advanced Scarff-Bloom-Richardson grade, Nottingham Prognostic Index and p53 mutation status. In addition, using a mouse model of breast cancer, our data showed that HPSE upregulated IL-10 expression and promoted macrophage M2 polarization and T cell exhaustion. Together, our data provide a novel immunological perspective on the mechanisms underlying breast cancer progression, and indicate that HPSE may serve as a biomarker for immune infiltration and prognosis in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Yang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Xiao-Min Wang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Guo-Wang Yang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
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24
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Tang L, Tang B, Lei Y, Yang M, Wang S, Hu S, Xie Z, Liu Y, Vlodavsky I, Yang S. Helicobacter pylori-Induced Heparanase Promotes H. pylori Colonization and Gastritis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:675747. [PMID: 34220822 PMCID: PMC8248549 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.675747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic gastritis caused by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has been widely recognized as the most important risk factor for gastric cancer. Analysis of the interaction between the key participants in gastric mucosal immunity and H. pylori infection is expected to provide important insights for the treatment of chronic gastritis and the prevention of gastric cancer. Heparanase is an endoglycosidase that degrades heparan sulfate, resulting in remodeling of the extracellular matrix thereby facilitating the extravasation and migration of immune cells towards sites of inflammation. Heparanase also releases heparan sulfate-bound cytokines and chemokines that further promote directed motility and recruitment of immune cells. Heparanase is highly expressed in a variety of inflammatory conditions and diseases, but its role in chronic gastritis has not been sufficiently explored. In this study, we report that H. pylori infection promotes up-regulation of heparanase in gastritis, which in turn facilitates the colonization of H. pylori in the gastric mucosa, thereby aggravating gastritis. By sustaining continuous activation, polarization and recruitment of macrophages that supply pro-inflammatory and pro-tumorigenic cytokines (i.e., IL-1, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, MIP-2, iNOS), heparanase participates in the generation of a vicious circle, driven by enhanced NFκB and p38-MAPK signaling, that supports the development and progression of gastric cancer. These results suggest that inhibition of heparanase may block this self-sustaining cycle, and thereby reduce the risk of gastritis and gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sumin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiping Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhuo Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaojiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shiming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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25
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Margulis I, Naroditsky I, Gross-Cohen M, Ilan N, Vlodavsky I, Doweck I. A Pro-Tumorigenic Effect of Heparanase 2 (Hpa2) in Thyroid Carcinoma Involves Its Localization to the Nuclear Membrane. Front Oncol 2021; 11:645524. [PMID: 33959505 PMCID: PMC8093622 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.645524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity of the endo-beta-glucuronidase heparanase, capable of cleaving heparan sulfate (HS), is most often elevated in many types of tumors, associating with increased tumor metastasis and decreased patients' survival. Heparanase is therefore considered to be a valid drug target, and heparanase inhibitors are being evaluated clinically in cancer patients. Heparanase 2 (Hpa2) is a close homolog of heparanase that gained very little attention, likely because it lacks HS-degrading activity typical of heparanase. The role of Hpa2 in cancer was not examined in detail. In head and neck cancer, high levels of Hpa2 are associated with decreased tumor cell dissemination to regional lymph nodes and prolonged patients' survival, suggesting that Hpa2 functions to attenuate tumor growth. Here, we examined the role of Hpa2 in normal thyroid tissue and in benign thyroid tumor, non-metastatic, and metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) utilizing immunostaining in correlation with clinicopathological parameters. Interestingly, we found that Hpa2 staining intensity does not significantly change in the transition from normal thyroid gland to benign, non-metastatic, or metastatic thyroid carcinoma. Remarkably, we observed that in some biopsies, Hpa2 is accumulating on the membrane (envelop) of the nucleus and termed this cellular localization NM (nuclear membrane). Notably, NM localization of Hpa2 occurred primarily in metastatic PTC and was associated with an increased number of positive (metastatic) lymph nodes collected at surgery. These results describe for the first time unrecognized localization of Hpa2 to the nuclear membrane, implying that in PTC, Hpa2 functions to promote tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itai Margulis
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Inna Naroditsky
- Department of Pathology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Miriam Gross-Cohen
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Neta Ilan
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ilana Doweck
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.,Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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26
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Vlodavsky I, Barash U, Nguyen HM, Yang SM, Ilan N. Biology of the Heparanase-Heparan Sulfate Axis and Its Role in Disease Pathogenesis. Semin Thromb Hemost 2021; 47:240-253. [PMID: 33794549 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1725066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell surface proteoglycans are important constituents of the glycocalyx and participate in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, enzyme activation and inhibition, and multiple signaling routes, thereby regulating cell proliferation, survival, adhesion, migration, and differentiation. Heparanase, the sole mammalian heparan sulfate degrading endoglycosidase, acts as an "activator" of HS proteoglycans, thus regulating tissue hemostasis. Heparanase is a multifaceted enzyme that together with heparan sulfate, primarily syndecan-1, drives signal transduction, immune cell activation, exosome formation, autophagy, and gene transcription via enzymatic and nonenzymatic activities. An important feature is the ability of heparanase to stimulate syndecan-1 shedding, thereby impacting cell behavior both locally and distally from its cell of origin. Heparanase releases a myriad of HS-bound growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines that are sequestered by heparan sulfate in the glycocalyx and ECM. Collectively, the heparan sulfate-heparanase axis plays pivotal roles in creating a permissive environment for cell proliferation, differentiation, and function, often resulting in the pathogenesis of diseases such as cancer, inflammation, endotheliitis, kidney dysfunction, tissue fibrosis, and viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Uri Barash
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hien M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Shi-Ming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Neta Ilan
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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27
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Abstract
Diabetes is a complex disorder responsible for the mortality and morbidity of millions of individuals worldwide. Although many approaches have been used to understand and treat diabetes, the role of proteoglycans, in particular heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), has only recently received attention. The HSPGs are heterogeneous, highly negatively charged, and are found in all cells primarily attached to the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular matrix (ECM). HSPGs are involved in development, cell migration, signal transduction, hemostasis, inflammation, and antiviral activity, and regulate cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and enzymes. Hyperglycemia, accompanying diabetes, increases reactive oxygen species and upregulates the enzyme heparanase that degrades HSPGs or affects the synthesis of the HSPGs altering their structure. The modified HSPGs in the endothelium and ECM in the blood vessel wall contribute to the nephropathy, cardiovascular disease, and retinopathy seen in diabetes. Besides the blood vessel, other cells and tissues in the heart, kidney, and eye are affected by diabetes. Although not well understood, the adipose tissue, intestine, and brain also reveal HSPG changes associated with diabetes. Further, HSPGs are significantly involved in protecting the β cells of the pancreas from autoimmune destruction and could be a focus of prevention of type I diabetes. In some circumstances, HSPGs may contribute to the pathology of the disease. Understanding the role of HSPGs and how they are modified by diabetes may lead to new treatments as well as preventative measures to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this complex condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Hiebert
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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28
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Endothelial Glycocalyx as a Regulator of Fibrotic Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062996. [PMID: 33804258 PMCID: PMC7999025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx, the gel layer covering the endothelium, is composed of glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and adsorbed plasma proteins. This structure modulates vessels’ mechanotransduction, vascular permeability, and leukocyte adhesion. Thus, it regulates several physiological and pathological events. In the present review, we described the mechanisms that disturb glycocalyx stability such as reactive oxygen species, matrix metalloproteinases, and heparanase. We then focused our attention on the role of glycocalyx degradation in the induction of profibrotic events and on the possible pharmacological strategies to preserve this delicate structure.
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29
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Hermano E, Carlotti F, Abecassis A, Meirovitz A, Rubinstein AM, Li JP, Vlodavsky I, Rabelink TJ, Elkin M. Dichotomic role of heparanase in a murine model of metabolic syndrome. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:2771-2780. [PMID: 33051777 PMCID: PMC11072560 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03660-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heparanase is the predominant enzyme that cleaves heparan sulfate, the main polysaccharide in the extracellular matrix. While the role of heparanase in sustaining the pathology of autoimmune diabetes is well documented, its association with metabolic syndrome/type 2 diabetes attracted less attention. Our research was undertaken to elucidate the significance of heparanase in impaired glucose metabolism in metabolic syndrome and early type 2 diabetes. Here, we report that heparanase exerts opposite effects in insulin-producing (i.e., islets) vs. insulin-target (i.e., skeletal muscle) compartments, sustaining or hampering proper regulation of glucose homeostasis depending on the site of action. We observed that the enzyme promotes macrophage infiltration into islets in a murine model of metabolic syndrome, and fosters β-cell-damaging properties of macrophages activated in vitro by components of diabetogenic/obese milieu (i.e., fatty acids). On the other hand, in skeletal muscle (prototypic insulin-target tissue), heparanase is essential to ensure insulin sensitivity. Thus, despite a deleterious effect of heparanase on macrophage infiltration in islets, the enzyme appears to have beneficial role in glucose homeostasis in metabolic syndrome. The dichotomic action of the enzyme in the maintenance of glycemic control should be taken into account when considering heparanase-targeting strategies for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Hermano
- Department of Oncology, Sharett Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Françoise Carlotti
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alexia Abecassis
- Department of Oncology, Sharett Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amichay Meirovitz
- Department of Oncology, Sharett Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ariel M Rubinstein
- Department of Oncology, Sharett Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jin-Ping Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ton J Rabelink
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Elkin
- Department of Oncology, Sharett Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Hebrew University Medical School, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel.
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30
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Wu Y, Pan N, An Y, Xu M, Tan L, Zhang L. Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers for Myocardial Infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 7:617277. [PMID: 33614740 PMCID: PMC7886815 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.617277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) increases every year worldwide. Better diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for clinical applications are the consistent pursuit of MI research. In addition to electrocardiogram, echocardiography, coronary angiography, etc., circulating biomarkers are essential for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment effect monitoring of MI patients. In this review, we assessed both strength and weakness of MI circulating biomarkers including: (1) originated from damaged myocardial tissues including current golden standard cardiac troponin, (2) released from non-myocardial tissues due to MI-induced systems reactions, and (3) preexisted in blood circulation before the occurrence of MI event. We also summarized newly reported MI biomarkers. We proposed that the biomarkers preexisting in blood circulation before MI incidents should be emphasized in research and development for MI prevention in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Wu
- Systems Biology & Medicine Center for Complex Diseases, Center for Clinical Research, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Nana Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi An
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengyuan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lijuan Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Systems Biology & Medicine Center for Complex Diseases, Center for Clinical Research, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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31
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Gross-Cohen M, Feld S, Arvatz G, Ilan N, Vlodavsky I. Elucidating the Consequences of Heparan Sulfate Binding by Heparanase 2. Front Oncol 2021; 10:627463. [PMID: 33585253 PMCID: PMC7879983 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.627463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike the intense research effort devoted to exploring the significance of heparanase in human diseases, very little attention was given to its close homolog, heparanase 2 (Hpa2). The emerging role of Hpa2 in a rare autosomal recessive congenital disease called urofacial syndrome (UFS), clearly indicates that Hpa2 is not a pseudogene but rather a gene coding for an important protein. Hpa2 lacks the heparan sulfate (HS)-degrading activity typical of heparanase, yet exhibits high affinity to HS, affinity that is 10-fold higher than that of heparanase. The consequences of this high-affinity interaction of Hpa2 with plasma membrane HSPG has not been explored yet. Here, we used highly purified Hpa2 protein to examine this aspect. We provide evidence that cells adhere to and spread on dishes coated with Hpa2. We also show that cell migration is attenuated markedly by exogenous addition of Hpa2 to primary and transformed cells, a function that agrees with the anti-cancer properties of Hpa2. Interestingly, we found that exogenous addition of Hpa2 also disrupts the morphology of cell colonies, resulting in cell scattering. This implies that under certain conditions and experimental settings, Hpa2 may exhibit pro-tumorigenic properties. We further developed a panel of anti-Hpa2 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and show that these properties of Hpa2 are prevented by some of the newly-developed mAb, thus providing new molecular tools to better appreciate the significance of Hpa2 in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Gross-Cohen
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sari Feld
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gil Arvatz
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Neta Ilan
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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32
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Nakatomi K, Ueno H, Ishikawa Y, Salim RC, Mori Y, Kanemoto I, Tancharoen S, Kikuchi K, Miura N, Omori T, Okuda-Ashitaka E, Matsumura K, Imaizumi H, Motomiya Y, Maruyama I, Kawahara KI. TLR4/MD-2 is a receptor for extracellular nucleophosmin 1. Biomed Rep 2020; 14:21. [PMID: 33335727 PMCID: PMC7739869 DOI: 10.3892/br.2020.1397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) primarily localizes to the nucleus and is passively released into the extracellular milieu by necrotic or damaged cells, or is secreted by monocytes and macrophages. Extracellular NPM1 acts as a potent inflammatory stimulator by promoting cytokine production [e.g., tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)], which suggests that NPM1 acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern. However, the receptor of NPM1 is unknown. Evidence indicates that DAMPs, which include high mobility group box 1 and histones, may bind Toll-like receptors (TLRs). In the present study, it was shown that NPM1 signaling was mediated via the TLR4 pathway, which suggests that TLR4 is an NPM1 receptor. TLR4 binds myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2), which is essential for intracellular signaling. Furthermore, the TLR4 antagonist, LPS-Rhodobacter sphaeroides (an MD-2 antagonist) and TAK-242 (a TLR4 signaling inhibitor) significantly inhibited NPM1-induced TNF-α production by differentiated THP-1 cells as well as reducing ERK1/2 activation. Far-western blot analysis revealed that NPM1 directly bound MD-2. Thus, the results of the present study provide compelling evidence that TLR4 binds NPM1, and it is hypothesized that inhibiting NPM1 activity may serve as a novel strategy for treating TLR4-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Nakatomi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Hikari Ueno
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Yuto Ishikawa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Ronny Christiadi Salim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Yuki Mori
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Issey Kanemoto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Salunya Tancharoen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kiyoshi Kikuchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.,Division of Brain Science, Department of Physiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan.,Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Naoki Miura
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan
| | - Taketo Omori
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Emiko Okuda-Ashitaka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Matsumura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Imaizumi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | | | - Ikuro Maruyama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan.,Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Ko-Ichi Kawahara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan.,Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
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33
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Koganti R, Suryawanshi R, Shukla D. Heparanase, cell signaling, and viral infections. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:5059-5077. [PMID: 32462405 PMCID: PMC7252873 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heparanase (HPSE) is a multifunctional protein endowed with many non-enzymatic functions and a unique enzymatic activity as an endo-β-D-glucuronidase. The latter allows it to serve as a key modulator of extracellular matrix (ECM) via a well-regulated cleavage of heparan sulfate side chains of proteoglycans at cell surfaces. The cleavage and associated changes at the ECM cause release of multiple signaling molecules with important cellular and pathological functions. New and emerging data suggest that both enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic functions of HPSE are important for health and illnesses including viral infections and virally induced cancers. This review summarizes recent findings on the roles of HPSE in activation, inhibition, or bioavailability of key signaling molecules such as AKT, VEGF, MAPK-ERK, and EGFR, which are known regulators of common viral infections in immune and non-immune cell types. Altogether, our review provides a unique overview of HPSE in cell-survival signaling pathways and how they relate to viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghuram Koganti
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Rahul Suryawanshi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Deepak Shukla
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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34
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Zhang GL, Gutter-Kapon L, Ilan N, Batool T, Singh K, Digre A, Luo Z, Sandler S, Shaked Y, Sanderson RD, Wang XM, Li JP, Vlodavsky I. Significance of host heparanase in promoting tumor growth and metastasis. Matrix Biol 2020; 93:25-42. [PMID: 32534153 PMCID: PMC7704762 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Heparanase, the sole heparan sulfate degrading endoglycosidase, regulates multiple biological activities that enhance tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. Much of the impact of heparanase on tumor progression is related to its function in mediating tumor-host crosstalk, priming the tumor microenvironment to better support tumor growth and metastasis. We have utilized mice over-expressing (Hpa-tg) heparanase to reveal the role of host heparanase in tumor initiation, growth and metastasis. While in wild type mice tumor development in response to DMBA carcinogenesis was restricted to the mammary gland, Hpa-tg mice developed tumors also in their lungs and liver, associating with reduced survival of the tumor-bearing mice. Consistently, xenograft tumors (lymphoma, melanoma, lung carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma) transplanted in Hpa-tg mice exhibited accelerated tumor growth and shorter survival of the tumor-bearing mice compared with wild type mice. Hpa-tg mice were also more prone to the development of metastases following intravenous or subcutaneous injection of tumor cells. In some models, the growth advantage was associated with infiltration of heparanase-high host cells into the tumors. However, in other models, heparanase-high host cells were not detected in the primary tumor, implying that the growth advantage in Hpa-tg mice is due to systemic factors. Indeed, we found that plasma from Hpa-tg mice enhanced tumor cell migration and invasion attributed to increased levels of pro-tumorigenic factors (i.e., RANKL, SPARC, MIP-2) in the plasma of Hpa-Tg vs. wild type mice. Furthermore, tumor aggressiveness and short survival time were demonstrated in wild type mice transplanted with bone marrow derived from Hpa-tg but not wild type mice. These results were attributed, among other factors, to upregulation of pro-tumorigenic (i.e., IL35+) and downregulation of anti-tumorigenic (i.e., IFN-γ+) T-cell subpopulations in the spleen, lymph nodes and blood of Hpa-tg vs. wild type mice and their increased infiltration into the primary tumor. Collectively, our results emphasize the significance of host heparanase in mediating the pro-tumorigenic and pro-metastatic interactions between the tumor cells and the host tumor microenvironment, immune cells and systemic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan-Lin Zhang
- Oncology Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, SciLifeLab Uppsala, The Biomedical Center, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lilach Gutter-Kapon
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, P. O. Box 9649, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Neta Ilan
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, P. O. Box 9649, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Tahira Batool
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, SciLifeLab Uppsala, The Biomedical Center, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kailash Singh
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andreas Digre
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, SciLifeLab Uppsala, The Biomedical Center, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zhengkang Luo
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stellan Sandler
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yuval Shaked
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, P. O. Box 9649, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Ralph D Sanderson
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Xiao-Min Wang
- Oncology Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jin-Ping Li
- Oncology Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, SciLifeLab Uppsala, The Biomedical Center, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, P. O. Box 9649, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel.
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35
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Buijsers B, Yanginlar C, de Nooijer A, Grondman I, Maciej-Hulme ML, Jonkman I, Janssen NAF, Rother N, de Graaf M, Pickkers P, Kox M, Joosten LAB, Nijenhuis T, Netea MG, Hilbrands L, van de Veerdonk FL, Duivenvoorden R, de Mast Q, van der Vlag J. Increased Plasma Heparanase Activity in COVID-19 Patients. Front Immunol 2020; 11:575047. [PMID: 33123154 PMCID: PMC7573491 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.575047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reports suggest a role of endothelial dysfunction and loss of endothelial barrier function in COVID-19. It is well established that the endothelial glycocalyx-degrading enzyme heparanase contributes to vascular leakage and inflammation. Low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) serve as an inhibitor of heparanase. We hypothesize that heparanase contributes to the pathogenesis of COVID-19, and that heparanase may be inhibited by LMWH. To test this hypothesis, heparanase activity and heparan sulfate levels were measured in plasma of healthy controls (n = 10) and COVID-19 patients (n = 48). Plasma heparanase activity and heparan sulfate levels were significantly elevated in COVID-19 patients. Heparanase activity was associated with disease severity including the need for intensive care, lactate dehydrogenase levels, and creatinine levels. Use of prophylactic LMWH in non-ICU patients was associated with a reduced heparanase activity. Since there is no other clinically applied heparanase inhibitor currently available, therapeutic treatment of COVID-19 patients with low molecular weight heparins should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baranca Buijsers
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Cansu Yanginlar
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Aline de Nooijer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Inge Grondman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marissa L. Maciej-Hulme
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Inge Jonkman
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Nico A. F. Janssen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Nils Rother
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mark de Graaf
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Kox
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Leo A. B. Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Tom Nijenhuis
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Deparment of Immunology and Metabolism, Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Luuk Hilbrands
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Frank L. van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Raphaël Duivenvoorden
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Quirijn de Mast
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Johan van der Vlag
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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36
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Buijsers B, Yanginlar C, Maciej-Hulme ML, de Mast Q, van der Vlag J. Beneficial non-anticoagulant mechanisms underlying heparin treatment of COVID-19 patients. EBioMedicine 2020; 59:102969. [PMID: 32853989 PMCID: PMC7445140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is associated with severe inflammation in mainly the lung, and kidney. Reports suggest a beneficial effect of the use of heparin/low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) on mortality in COVID-19. In part, this beneficial effect could be explained by the anticoagulant properties of heparin/LMWH. Here, we summarise potential beneficial, non-anticoagulant mechanisms underlying treatment of COVID-19 patients with heparin/LMWH, which include: (i) Inhibition of heparanase activity, responsible for endothelial leakage; (ii) Neutralisation of chemokines, and cytokines; (iii) Interference with leukocyte trafficking; (iv) Reducing viral cellular entry, and (v) Neutralisation of extracellular cytotoxic histones. Considering the multiple inflammatory and pathogenic mechanisms targeted by heparin/LMWH, it is warranted to conduct clinical studies that evaluate therapeutic doses of heparin/LMWH in COVID-19 patients. In addition, identification of specific heparin-derived sequences that are functional in targeting non-anticoagulant mechanisms may have even higher therapeutic potential for COVID-19 patients, and patients suffering from other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baranca Buijsers
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cansu Yanginlar
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marissa L Maciej-Hulme
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Quirijn de Mast
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan van der Vlag
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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37
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Proteoglycans in the Pathogenesis of Hormone-Dependent Cancers: Mediators and Effectors. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092401. [PMID: 32847060 PMCID: PMC7563227 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormone-dependent cancers exhibit high morbidity and mortality. In spite of advances in therapy, the treatment of hormone-dependent cancers remains an unmet health need. The tumor microenvironment (TME) exhibits unique characteristics that differ among various tumor types. It is composed of cancerous, non-cancerous, stromal, and immune cells that are surrounded and supported by components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, the interactions among cancer cells, stromal cells, and components of the ECM determine cancer progression and response to therapy. Proteoglycans (PGs), hybrid molecules consisting of a protein core to which sulfated glycosaminoglycan chains are bound, are significant components of the ECM that are implicated in all phases of tumorigenesis. These molecules, secreted by both the stroma and cancer cells, are crucial signaling mediators that modulate the vital cellular pathways implicated in gene expression, phenotypic versatility, and response to therapy in specific tumor types. A plethora of deregulated signaling pathways contributes to the growth, dissemination, and angiogenesis of hormone-dependent cancers. Specific inputs from the endocrine and immune systems are some of the characteristics of hormone-dependent cancer pathogenesis. Importantly, the mechanisms involved in various aspects of cancer progression are executed in the ECM niche of the TME, and the PG components crucially mediate these processes. Here, we comprehensively discuss the mechanisms through which PGs affect the multifaceted aspects of hormone-dependent cancer development and progression, including cancer metastasis, angiogenesis, immunobiology, autophagy, and response to therapy.
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Khamaysi I, Hamo-Giladi DB, Abassi Z. Heparanase in Acute Pancreatitis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1221:703-719. [PMID: 32274733 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34521-1_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common diseases in gastroenterology, affecting 2% of all hospitalized patients. Nevertheless, neither the etiology nor the pathophysiology of the disease is fully characterized, and no specific or effective treatment has been developed. Heparanase (Hpa) is an endoglycosidase that cleaves heparan sulfate (HS) side chains of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) into shorter oligosaccharides, activity that is highly implicated in cell invasion associated with cancer metastasis and inflammation. Given that AP is a typical inflammatory disease, we investigated whether Hpa plays a role in AP. Our results provide keen evidence that Hpa expression and activity are significantly increased following cerulein-induced AP in wild type mice. In parallel to the classic manifestations of AP, namely elevation of amylase and lipase levels, pancreas edema and inflammation as well as induction of cytokines and signaling molecules, have been detected in this experimental model of the disease. Noteworthy, these features were far more profound in transgenic mice overexpressing heparanase (Hpa-Tg), suggesting that these mice can be utilized as a model system to reveal the molecular mechanism by which Hpa functions in AP. Further support for the involvement of Hpa in the pathogenesis of AP emerged from our observation that treatment of experimental AP with PG545 or SST0001(= Ronepastat), two potent Hpa inhibitors, markedly attenuated the biochemical, histological and immunological manifestations of the disease. Hpa, therefore, emerges as a potential new target in AP, and Hpa inhibitors are hoped to prove beneficial in AP along with their promising efficacy as anti-cancer compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyad Khamaysi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Advanced Endoscopy Procedures Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
| | | | - Zaid Abassi
- Laboratory Medicine, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Physiology, The Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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Heparanase: Cloning, Function and Regulation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1221:189-229. [PMID: 32274711 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34521-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In 2019, we mark the 20th anniversary of the cloning of the human heparanase gene. Heparanase remains the only known enzyme to cleave heparan sulfate, which is an abundant component of the extracellular matrix. Thus, elucidating the mechanisms underlying heparanase expression and activity is critical to understanding its role in healthy and pathological settings. This chapter provides a historical account of the race to clone the human heparanase gene, describes the intracellular and extracellular function of the enzyme, and explores the various mechanisms regulating heparanase expression and activity at the gene, transcript, and protein level.
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Macrophage Long Non-Coding RNAs in Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease. Noncoding RNA 2020; 6:ncrna6030028. [PMID: 32664594 PMCID: PMC7549353 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna6030028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is inextricably linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Macrophages themselves play important roles in atherosclerosis, as well as acute and chronic heart failure. Although the role of macrophages in CVD pathophysiology is well-recognized, little is known regarding the precise mechanisms influencing their function in these contexts. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as significant regulators of macrophage function; as such, there is rising interest in understanding how these nucleic acids influence macrophage signaling, cell fate decisions, and activity in health and disease. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding lncRNAs in directing various aspects of macrophage function in CVD. These include foam cell formation, Toll-like receptor (TLR) and NF-kβ signaling, and macrophage phenotype switching. This review will provide a comprehensive understanding concerning previous, ongoing, and future studies of lncRNAs in macrophage functions and their importance in CVD.
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Heparanase-The Message Comes in Different Flavors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1221:253-283. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34521-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Hu Y, Yu Y, Bu Z, Cun B, Gong Y, Li D, Li J, Lu L, Li G, Yuan L. INCREASED SYSTEMIC HEPARANASE IN RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION IS ASSOCIATED WITH ACTIVATION OF INFLAMMATION AND THROMBOPHILIA. Retina 2020; 40:345-349. [PMID: 31972805 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000002374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the levels of systemic heparanase, inflammatory markers, and coagulation factor activities in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO). METHODS This prospective study included 18 patients with central RVO, 22 patients with branch RVO, and 40 patients with age-related cataract as the control group. Serum heparanase protein levels and activities were measured by ELISA and a heparan degrading enzyme assay kit, respectively. Serum levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, TLR-2, and TLR-4 were measured by ELISA kits. The activities of coagulation factors (V, VII, VIII, and IX) were determined with an autoanalyzer. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the above parameters between patients with RVO and control subjects. The relationship between two of the above parameters was analyzed by Spearman's correlation. RESULTS Patients with RVO had higher levels of systemic heparanase protein, heparanase activities, coagulation factors' (V, VIII, and IX) activities, MMP-2, MMP-9, TLR-2, and TLR-4 compared with the control group. Systemic heparanase levels were correlated with serum levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, TLR-2, TLR-4, and activities of coagulation factors VIII and IX. CONCLUSION Increase of systemic heparanase in RVO is associated with activation of systemic inflammation and blood hypercoagulability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Qujing, Qujing, China
| | - Zhanyun Bu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Biyun Cun
- Clinical Skill Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Gong
- Department of Physiology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China; and
| | - Dongli Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Miranda S, Billoir P, Le Besnerais M, Joannides R, Richard V, Lévesque H, Armengol G, Bellien J, Benhamou Y. New insights into antiphospholipid-related endothelial dysfunction by assessment of vascular glycocalyx layer: results from a preliminary cross-sectional study. Lupus 2020; 29:157-164. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203319897958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is associated with greater atherothrombotic risk and endothelial dysfunction, suggesting that endothelial glycocalyx is impaired in this disease. Objectives The aim was to investigate the endothelial glycocalyx and the relationship between glycocalyx markers, endothelial dysfunction parameters and atherosclerotic markers in APS. Methods A total of 15 primary arterial APS patients and healthy controls were included in the study. Glycocalyx was assessed in both groups by sublingual sidestream dark field imaging and syndecan-1 plasma level. Endothelial function was evaluated by brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and early atherosclerosis by carotid intima media thickness (IMT). Thrombotic profile was also performed by measuring the plasma level of the tissue factor (TF). Results APS patients had significantly increased syndecan-1 plasma level 38.6 ± 5.0 pg/ml vs. 19.1 ± 3.5 pg/ml; p < 0.01 and a reduced glycocalyx thickness 0.26 ± 0.03 µm vs. 0.75 ± 0.07 µm; p < 0.01 compared with control. FMD was impaired in APS patients compared with control, 5.68% ± 0.42 vs. 8.29 ± 0.30, p < 0.01, respectively. IMT was significantly increased in APS patients compared with control, 0.52 ± 0.13 mm vs. 0.40 ± 0.06 mm, p < 0.01, respectively. Soluble TF, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels were increased in the sera from APS patients compared with control. Conclusions This preliminary study supports, for the first time, that in APS patients endothelial glycocalyx is impaired, which could lead to thrombosis, endothelial dysfunction and early atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Miranda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France
| | - P Billoir
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France
- Department of Vascular Haemostasis, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - M Le Besnerais
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France
| | - R Joannides
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France
- Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC)-INSERM 1404, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - V Richard
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France
| | - H Lévesque
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France
| | - G Armengol
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France
| | - J Bellien
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France
- Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC)-INSERM 1404, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Y Benhamou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France
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Abassi Z, Goligorsky MS. Heparanase in Acute Kidney Injury. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1221:685-702. [PMID: 32274732 PMCID: PMC7369981 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34521-1_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have brought about fledgling realization of the role played by heparanase in the pathogenesis of diverse diseases including kidney diseases and, specifically, acute kidney injury. Human heparanase-1 is critically and uniquely engaged in cleavage of heparan sulfate, an integral part of glycocalyx and extracellular matrix where it harbors distinct growth factors, cytokines, and other biologically active molecules. The enzyme is induced and activated in acute kidney injury regardless of its causes, ischemic, nephrotoxic, septic or transplantation-related. This event unleashes a host of sequelae characteristic of the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury, such as induction and reinforcement of innate immune responses, predisposition to thrombosis, activation of monocytes/macrophages and remodeling of the extracellular matrix, thus setting up the stage for future fibrotic complications and development of chronic kidney disease. We briefly discuss the emerging therapeutic strategies of inhibiting heparanase, as well as the diagnostic value of detecting products of heparanase activity for prognostication and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Abassi
- Department of Physiology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-IIT, Haifa, Israel.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
| | - M S Goligorsky
- Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
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Simeonovic CJ, Popp SK, Brown DJ, Li FJ, Lafferty ARA, Freeman C, Parish CR. Heparanase and Type 1 Diabetes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1221:607-630. [PMID: 32274728 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34521-1_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in pancreatic islets. The degradation of the glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate (HS) by the endo-β-D-glycosidase heparanase plays a critical role in multiple stages of the disease process. Heparanase aids (i) migration of inflammatory leukocytes from the vasculature to the islets, (ii) intra-islet invasion by insulitis leukocytes, and (iii) selective destruction of beta cells. These disease stages are marked by the solubilization of HS in the subendothelial basement membrane (BM), HS breakdown in the peri-islet BM, and the degradation of HS inside beta cells, respectively. Significantly, healthy islet beta cells are enriched in highly sulfated HS which is essential for their viability, protection from damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS), beta cell function and differentiation. Consequently, mouse and human beta cells but not glucagon-producing alpha cells (which contain less-sulfated HS) are exquisitely vulnerable to heparanase-mediated damage. In vitro, the death of HS-depleted mouse and human beta cells can be prevented by HS replacement using highly sulfated HS mimetics or analogues. T1D progression in NOD mice and recent-onset T1D in humans correlate with increased expression of heparanase by circulating leukocytes of myeloid origin and heparanase-expressing insulitis leukocytes. Treatment of NOD mice with the heparanase inhibitor and HS replacer, PI-88, significantly reduced T1D incidence by 50%, impaired the development of insulitis and preserved beta cell HS. These outcomes identified heparanase as a novel destructive tool in T1D, distinct from the conventional cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing mechanisms of autoreactive T cells. In contrast to exogenous catalytically active heparanase, endogenous heparanase may function in HS homeostasis, gene expression and insulin secretion in normal beta cells and immune gene expression in leukocytes. In established diabetes, the interplay between hyperglycemia, local inflammatory cells (e.g. macrophages) and heparanase contributes to secondary micro- and macro-vascular disease. We have identified dual activity heparanase inhibitors/HS replacers as a novel class of therapeutic for preventing T1D progression and potentially for mitigating secondary vascular disease that develops with long-term T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charmaine J Simeonovic
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - Sarah K Popp
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Debra J Brown
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Fei-Ju Li
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Antony R A Lafferty
- Department of Paediatrics, The Canberra Hospital, Woden, ACT, Australia.,The ANU Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Craig Freeman
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Christopher R Parish
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Role of Heparanase in Macrophage Activation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1221:445-460. [PMID: 32274721 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34521-1_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages represent one of the most diverse immunocyte populations, constantly shifting between various phenotypes/functional states. In addition to execution of vital functions in normal physiological conditions, macrophages represent a key contributing factor in the pathogenesis of some of the most challenging diseases, such as chronic inflammatory disorders, diabetes and its complications, and cancer. Macrophage polarization studies focus primarily on cytokine-mediated mechanisms. However, to explore the full spectrum of macrophage action, additional, non-cytokine pathways responsible for altering macrophage phenotype have to be taken into consideration as well. Heparanase, the only known mammalian endoglycosidase that cleaves heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans, has been shown to contribute to the altered macrophage phenotypes in vitro and in numerous animal models of inflammatory conditions, occurring either in the presence of microbial products or in the setting of non-infectious "aseptic" inflammation. Here we discuss the involvement of heparanase in shaping macrophage responses and provide information that may help to establish the rationale for heparanase-targeting interventions aimed at preventing abnormal macrophage activation in various disorders.
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van der Vlag J, Buijsers B. Heparanase in Kidney Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1221:647-667. [PMID: 32274730 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34521-1_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The primary filtration of blood occurs in the glomerulus in the kidney. Destruction of any of the layers of the glomerular filtration barrier might result in proteinuric disease. The glomerular endothelial cells and especially its covering layer, the glycocalyx, play a pivotal role in development of albuminuria. One of the main sulfated glycosaminoglycans in the glomerular endothelial glycocalyx is heparan sulfate. The endoglycosidase heparanase degrades heparan sulfate, thereby affecting glomerular barrier function, immune reactivity and inflammation. Increased expression of glomerular heparanase correlates with loss of glomerular heparan sulfate in many glomerular diseases. Most importantly, heparanase knockout in mice prevented the development of albuminuria after induction of experimental diabetic nephropathy and experimental glomerulonephritis. Therefore, heparanase could serve as a pharmacological target for glomerular diseases. Several factors that regulate heparanase expression and activity have been identified and compounds aiming to inhibit heparanase activity are currently explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan van der Vlag
- Department of Nephrology (480), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Baranca Buijsers
- Department of Nephrology (480), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Bhattacharya U, Gutter-Kapon L, Kan T, Boyango I, Barash U, Yang SM, Liu J, Gross-Cohen M, Sanderson RD, Shaked Y, Ilan N, Vlodavsky I. Heparanase and Chemotherapy Synergize to Drive Macrophage Activation and Enhance Tumor Growth. Cancer Res 2020; 80:57-68. [PMID: 31690669 PMCID: PMC6942624 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The emerging role of heparanase in tumor initiation, growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance is well recognized, encouraging the development of heparanase inhibitors as anticancer drugs. Unlike the function of heparanase in cancer cells, little attention has been given to heparanase contributed by cells composing the tumor microenvironment. Here, we focused on the cross-talk between macrophages, chemotherapy, and heparanase and the combined effect on tumor progression. Macrophages were markedly activated by chemotherapeutics paclitaxel and cisplatin, evidenced by increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines, supporting recent studies indicating that chemotherapy may promote rather than suppress tumor regrowth and spread. Strikingly, cytokine induction by chemotherapy was not observed in macrophages isolated from heparanase-knockout mice, suggesting macrophage activation by chemotherapy is heparanase dependent. paclitaxel-treated macrophages enhanced the growth of Lewis lung carcinoma tumors that was attenuated by a CXCR2 inhibitor. Mechanistically, paclitaxel and cisplatin activated methylation of histone H3 on lysine 4 (H3K4) in wild-type but not in heparanase-knockout macrophages. Furthermore, the H3K4 presenter WDR5 functioned as a molecular determinant that mediated cytokine induction by paclitaxel. This epigenetic, heparanase-dependent host-response mechanism adds a new perspective to the tumor-promoting functions of chemotherapy, and offers new treatment modalities to optimize chemotherapeutics. SIGNIFICANCE: Chemotherapy-treated macrophages are activated to produce proinflammatory cytokines, which are blunted in the absence of heparanase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udayan Bhattacharya
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lilach Gutter-Kapon
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tal Kan
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ilanit Boyango
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Uri Barash
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shi-Ming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - JingJing Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Miriam Gross-Cohen
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ralph D Sanderson
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Yuval Shaked
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Neta Ilan
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
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Vlodavsky I, Sanderson RD, Ilan N. Forty Years of Basic and Translational Heparanase Research. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1221:3-59. [PMID: 32274705 PMCID: PMC7142273 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34521-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes key developments in the heparanase field obtained 20 years prior to cloning of the HPSE gene and nearly 20 years after its cloning. Of the numerous publications and review articles focusing on heparanase, we have selected those that best reflect the progression in the field as well as those we regard important accomplishments with preference to studies performed by scientists and groups that contributed to this book. Apart from a general 'introduction' and 'concluding remarks', the abstracts of these studies are presented essentially as published along the years. We apologize for not being objective and not being able to include some of the most relevant abstracts and references, due to space limitation. Heparanase research can be divided into two eras. The first, initiated around 1975, dealt with identifying the enzyme, establishing the relevant assay systems and investigating its biological activities and significance in cancer and other pathologies. Studies performed during the first area are briefly introduced in a layman style followed by the relevant abstracts presented chronologically, essentially as appears in PubMed. The second era started in 1999 when the heparanase gene was independently cloned by 4 research groups [1-4]. As expected, cloning of the heparanase gene boosted heparanase research by virtue of the readily available recombinant enzyme, molecular probes, and anti-heparanase antibodies. Studies performed during the second area are briefly introduced followed by selected abstracts of key findings, arranged according to specific topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC) Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Haifa Israel
| | - Ralph D. Sanderson
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Neta Ilan
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC) Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Haifa Israel
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Goldberg R, Meirovitz A, Abecassis A, Hermano E, Rubinstein AM, Nahmias D, Grinshpun A, Peretz T, Elkin M. Regulation of Heparanase in Diabetes-Associated Pancreatic Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1405. [PMID: 31921662 PMCID: PMC6914686 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While at least six types of cancer have been associated with diabetes, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and diabetes exhibit a unique bidirectional relationship. Recent reports indicate that majority of PDAC patients display hyperglycemia, and ~50% have concurrent diabetes. In turn, hyperglycemic/diabetic state in PDAC patients fosters enhanced growth and dissemination of the tumor. Heparanase enzyme (the sole mammalian endoglycosidase degrading glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate) is tightly implicated in PDAC progression, aggressiveness, and therapy resistance. Overexpression of heparanase is a characteristic feature of PDAC, correlating with poor prognosis. However, given the lack of heparanase expression in normal pancreatic tissue, the regulatory mechanisms responsible for induction of the enzyme in PDAC have remained largely unknown. Previously reported inducibility of heparanase gene by diabetic milieu components in several non-cancerous cell types prompted us to hypothesize that in the setting of diabetes-associated PDAC, hyperglycemic state may induce heparanase overexpression. Here, utilizing a mouse model of diet-induced metabolic syndrome/diabetes, we found accelerated PDAC progression in hyperglycemic mice, occurring along with induction of heparanase in PDAC. In vitro, we demonstrated that advanced glycation end-products (AGE), which are largely thought as oxidative derivatives resulting from chronic hyperglycemia, and the receptor for AGE (RAGE) are responsible for heparanase induction in PDAC cells. These findings underscore the new mechanism underlying preferential expression of heparanase in pancreatic cancer. Moreover, taken together with the well-established causal role of the enzyme in PDAC progression, our findings indicate that heparanase may sustain (at least in part) reciprocal causality between diabetes and pancreatic tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Goldberg
- Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amichay Meirovitz
- Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexia Abecassis
- Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Esther Hermano
- Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ariel M Rubinstein
- Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Daniela Nahmias
- Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Albert Grinshpun
- Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamar Peretz
- Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael Elkin
- Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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