1
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Ripa R, Ballhysa E, Steiner JD, Laboy R, Annibal A, Hochhard N, Latza C, Dolfi L, Calabrese C, Meyer AM, Polidori MC, Müller RU, Antebi A. Refeeding-associated AMPK γ1 complex activity is a hallmark of health and longevity. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:1544-1560. [PMID: 37957359 PMCID: PMC10724066 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00521-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Late-life-initiated dietary interventions show limited efficacy in extending longevity or mitigating frailty, yet the underlying causes remain unclear. Here we studied the age-related fasting response of the short-lived killifish Nothobranchius furzeri. Transcriptomic analysis uncovered the existence of a fasting-like transcriptional program in the adipose tissue of old fish that overrides the feeding response, setting the tissue in persistent metabolic quiescence. The fasting-refeeding cycle triggers an inverse oscillatory expression of genes encoding the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulatory subunits Prkag1 (γ1) and Prkag2 (γ2) in young individuals. Aging blunts such regulation, resulting in reduced Prkag1 expression. Transgenic fish with sustained AMPKγ1 countered the fasting-like transcriptional program, exhibiting a more youthful feeding and fasting response in older age, improved metabolic health and longevity. Accordingly, Prkag1 expression declines with age in human tissues and is associated with multimorbidity and multidimensional frailty risk. Thus, selective activation of AMPKγ1 prevents metabolic quiescence and preserves healthy aging in vertebrates, offering potential avenues for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ripa
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eugen Ballhysa
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Graduate School for Ageing Research (CGA), Cologne, Germany
| | - Joachim D Steiner
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Raymond Laboy
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Annibal
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nadine Hochhard
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Latza
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Luca Dolfi
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Chiara Calabrese
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Graduate School for Ageing Research (CGA), Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna M Meyer
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Cristina Polidori
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roman-Ulrich Müller
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Adam Antebi
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.
- Cologne Graduate School for Ageing Research (CGA), Cologne, Germany.
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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2
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Intrafamilial Phenotypical Variability Linked to PRKAG2 Mutation-Family Case Report and Review of the Literature. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12122136. [PMID: 36556501 PMCID: PMC9788523 DOI: 10.3390/life12122136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PRKAG2 syndrome (PS) is a rare, early-onset autosomal dominant phenocopy of sarcomeric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), that mainly presents with ventricular pre-excitation, cardiac hypertrophy and progressive conduction system degeneration. Its natural course, treatment and prognosis are significantly different from sarcomeric HCM. The clinical phenotypes of PRKAG2 syndrome often overlap with HCM due to sarcomere protein mutations, causing this condition to be frequently misdiagnosed. The syndrome is caused by mutations in the gene encoding for the γ2 regulatory subunit (PRKAG2) of 5′ Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK), an enzyme that modulates glucose uptake and glycolysis. PRKAG2 mutations (OMIM#602743) are responsible for structural changes of AMPK, leading to an impaired myocyte glucidic uptake, and finally causing storage cardiomyopathy. We describe the clinical and investigative findings in a family with several affected members (NM_016203.4:c.905G>A or p.(Arg302Gln), heterozygous), highlighting the various phenotypes even in the same family, and the utility of genetic testing in diagnosing PS. The particularity of this family case is represented by the fact that the index patient was diagnosed at age 16 with cardiac hypertrophy and ventricular pre-excitation while his mother, by age 42, only had Wolff−Parkinson−White syndrome, without left ventricle hypertrophy. Both the grandmother and the great-grandmother underwent pacemaker implantation at a young age because of conduction abnormalities. Making the distinction between PS and sarcomeric HCM is actionable, given the early-onset of the disease, the numerous life-threatening consequences and the high rate of conduction disorders. In patients who exhibit cardiac hypertrophy coexisting with ventricular pre-excitation, genetic screening for PRKAG2 mutations should be considered.
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Abstract
As a muscular pump that contracts incessantly throughout life, the heart must constantly generate cellular energy to support contractile function and fuel ionic pumps to maintain electrical homeostasis. Thus, mitochondrial metabolism of multiple metabolic substrates such as fatty acids, glucose, ketones, and lactate is essential to ensuring an uninterrupted supply of ATP. Multiple metabolic pathways converge to maintain myocardial energy homeostasis. The regulation of these cardiac metabolic pathways has been intensely studied for many decades. Rapid adaptation of these pathways is essential for mediating the myocardial adaptation to stress, and dysregulation of these pathways contributes to myocardial pathophysiology as occurs in heart failure and in metabolic disorders such as diabetes. The regulation of these pathways reflects the complex interactions of cell-specific regulatory pathways, neurohumoral signals, and changes in substrate availability in the circulation. Significant advances have been made in the ability to study metabolic regulation in the heart, and animal models have played a central role in contributing to this knowledge. This review will summarize metabolic pathways in the heart and describe their contribution to maintaining myocardial contractile function in health and disease. The review will summarize lessons learned from animal models with altered systemic metabolism and those in which specific metabolic regulatory pathways have been genetically altered within the heart. The relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic regulators of cardiac metabolism and the pathophysiology of heart failure and how these have been informed by animal models will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Bugger
- University Heart Center Graz, Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria, Austria (H.B., N.J.B.)
| | - Nikole J Byrne
- University Heart Center Graz, Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria, Austria (H.B., N.J.B.)
| | - E Dale Abel
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (E.D.A.)
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4
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Kim Y, Lim JH, Kim EN, Hong YA, Park HJ, Chung S, Choi BS, Kim YS, Park JY, Kim HW, Park CW. Adiponectin receptor agonist ameliorates cardiac lipotoxicity via enhancing ceramide metabolism in type 2 diabetic mice. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:282. [PMID: 35351872 PMCID: PMC8964809 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04726-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of lipids and their metabolites induces lipotoxicity in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Lowering ceramide concentration could reduce the impact of metabolic damage to target organs. Adiponectin improves lipotoxicity through its receptors (AdiopRs), which have sequence homology with ceramidase enzymes. Therefore, cardioprotective role of AdipoR agonism by AdipoRon was investigated. Sixteen-week-old male db/m and db/db mice were fed a diet containing AdipoRon for four weeks. Phenotypic and metabolic profiles with associated cellular signaling pathways involved in lipid metabolism were investigated in the mice heart and human cardiomyocytes to establish treatment effect of AdipoRon. AdipoRon ameliorated insulin resistance, fibrosis, M1-dominant inflammation, and apoptosis in association with reduced accumulations of free fatty acid, triglycerides, and TLR4-related ceramide in the heart. This resulted in overall reduction in the level of oxidative stress which ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy and its function. AdipoRon increased the expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 via pAMPK/FoxO1-induced Akt phosphorylation resulting from a decrease in PP2A level. It also increased acid ceramidase activity which reduced ceramide and increased sphingosine-1 phosphate levels in the heart of db/db mice and cultured human cardiomyocytes. Consistent upregulation of AdipoRs and their downstream regulatory pathways involving pAMPK/PPARα/PGC-1α levels led to lipid metabolism enhancement, thereby improving lipotoxicity-induced peroxisome biogenesis and oxidative stress. AdipoRon might control oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the heart through increased AdipoR expression, acid ceramidase activity, and activation of AMPK-PPARα/PGC-1α and related downstream pathways, collectively improving cardiac lipid metabolism, hypertrophy, and functional parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaeni Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Transplant Research Center, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hee Lim
- Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Nim Kim
- Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Ah Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Jun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjin Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Soon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yong Park
- Department of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Won Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Whee Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Chen S, Lin Y, Zhu Y, Geng L, Cui C, Li Z, Liu H, Chen H, Ju W, Chen M. Atrial Lesions in a Pedigree With PRKAG2 Cardiomyopathy: Involvement of Disrupted AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:840337. [PMID: 35360035 PMCID: PMC8960295 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.840337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PRKAG2 cardiomyopathy is a rare progressive disease characterized by increased ventricular wall thickness and preexcitation. Dysfunction of the protein 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a decisive role in the progression of ventricular lesions. Although patients with the PRKAG2-R302Q mutation have a high incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF), the molecular mechanism contributing to the disease remains unclear. We carried out whole-genome sequencing with linkage analysis in three affected members of a family. Atrial samples were obtained from the proband via surgical intervention. Control atrium biopsies were obtained from patients with persistent AF. Pathological changes were analyzed using the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson, and periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) staining. The AMPK signaling pathway was investigated by western blot. A murine atrial cardiomyocyte cell line (HL-1) and human induced pluripotent stem derived atrial cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-ACMs) were transfected with an adenovirus carrying the same mutation. We used enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the AMPK activity in HL-1 cells and hiPSC-ACMs overexpressing PRKAG2-R302Q. Pathological results showed a large quantity of glycogen accumulation and vacuolization in cardiomyocytes from the proband atrial tissue. Western blot analysis revealed that the AMPK activity was significantly downregulated compared with that of the controls. Furthermore, remarkable glycogen deposition and impairment of AMPK activity were reproduced in HL-1 cells overexpressing PRKAG2-R302Q. Taken together, PRKAG2-R302Q mutation directly impair atrial cardiomyocytes. PRKAG2-R302Q mutation lead to glycogen deposition and promote the growth of atrial lesions by disrupting the AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Chen
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongping Lin
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Le Geng
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chang Cui
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaomin Li
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hailei Liu
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongwu Chen
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weizhu Ju
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Weizhu Ju,
| | - Minglong Chen
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Minglong Chen,
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6
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Marian AJ, Asatryan B, Wehrens XHT. Genetic basis and molecular biology of cardiac arrhythmias in cardiomyopathies. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 116:1600-1619. [PMID: 32348453 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are common, often the first, and sometimes the life-threatening manifestations of hereditary cardiomyopathies. Pathogenic variants in several genes known to cause hereditary cardiac arrhythmias have also been identified in the sporadic cases and small families with cardiomyopathies. These findings suggest a shared genetic aetiology of a subset of hereditary cardiomyopathies and cardiac arrhythmias. The concept of a shared genetic aetiology is in accord with the complex and exquisite interplays that exist between the ion currents and cardiac mechanical function. However, neither the causal role of cardiac arrhythmias genes in cardiomyopathies is well established nor the causal role of cardiomyopathy genes in arrhythmias. On the contrary, secondary changes in ion currents, such as post-translational modifications, are common and contributors to the pathogenesis of arrhythmias in cardiomyopathies through altering biophysical and functional properties of the ion channels. Moreover, structural changes, such as cardiac hypertrophy, dilatation, and fibrosis provide a pro-arrhythmic substrate in hereditary cardiomyopathies. Genetic basis and molecular biology of cardiac arrhythmias in hereditary cardiomyopathies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali J Marian
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, 6770 Bertner Street, Suite C900A, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Babken Asatryan
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Xander H T Wehrens
- Department of Biophysics and Molecular Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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7
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Weeks KL, Tham YK, Yildiz SG, Alexander Y, Donner DG, Kiriazis H, Harmawan CA, Hsu A, Bernardo BC, Matsumoto A, DePinho RA, Abel ED, Woodcock EA, McMullen JR. FoxO1 is required for physiological cardiac hypertrophy induced by exercise but not by constitutively active PI3K. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1470-H1485. [PMID: 33577435 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00838.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase p110α (PI3K) are critical regulators of exercise-induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy and provide protection in experimental models of pathological remodeling and heart failure. Forkhead box class O1 (FoxO1) is a transcription factor that regulates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy downstream of IGF1R/PI3K activation in vitro, but its role in physiological hypertrophy in vivo was unknown. We generated cardiomyocyte-specific FoxO1 knockout (cKO) mice and assessed the phenotype under basal conditions and settings of physiological hypertrophy induced by 1) swim training or 2) cardiac-specific transgenic expression of constitutively active PI3K (caPI3KTg+). Under basal conditions, male and female cKO mice displayed mild interstitial fibrosis compared with control (CON) littermates, but no other signs of cardiac pathology were present. In response to exercise training, female CON mice displayed an increase (∼21%) in heart weight normalized to tibia length vs. untrained mice. Exercise-induced hypertrophy was blunted in cKO mice. Exercise increased cardiac Akt phosphorylation and IGF1R expression but was comparable between genotypes. However, differences in Foxo3a, Hsp70, and autophagy markers were identified in hearts of exercised cKO mice. Deletion of FoxO1 did not reduce cardiac hypertrophy in male or female caPI3KTg+ mice. Cardiac Akt and FoxO1 protein expressions were significantly reduced in hearts of caPI3KTg+ mice, which may represent a negative feedback mechanism from chronic caPI3K, and negate any further effect of reducing FoxO1 in the cKO. In summary, FoxO1 contributes to exercise-induced hypertrophy. This has important implications when one is considering FoxO1 as a target for treating the diseased heart.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Regulators of exercise-induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy and protection are considered promising targets for the treatment of heart failure. Unlike pathological hypertrophy, the transcriptional regulation of physiological hypertrophy has remained largely elusive. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that the transcription factor FoxO1 is a critical mediator of exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Given that exercise-induced hypertrophy is protective, this finding has important implications when one is considering FoxO1 as a target for treating the diseased heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Weeks
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Diabetes Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yow Keat Tham
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Diabetes Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suzan G Yildiz
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yonali Alexander
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel G Donner
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Amy Hsu
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bianca C Bernardo
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Diabetes Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aya Matsumoto
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ronald A DePinho
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - E Dale Abel
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Julie R McMullen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Diabetes Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiology and Department of Medicine Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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Dhandapany PS, Kang S, Kashyap DK, Rajagopal R, Sundaresan NR, Singh R, Thangaraj K, Jayaprakash S, Manjunath CN, Shenthar J, Lebeche D. Adiponectin receptor 1 variants contribute to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy that can be reversed by rapamycin. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabb3991. [PMID: 33523960 PMCID: PMC7787482 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb3991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a heterogeneous genetic heart muscle disease characterized by hypertrophy with preserved or increased ejection fraction in the absence of secondary causes. However, recent studies have demonstrated that a substantial proportion of individuals with HCM also have comorbid diabetes mellitus (~10%). Whether genetic variants may contribute a combined phenotype of HCM and diabetes mellitus is not known. Here, using next-generation sequencing methods, we identified novel and ultrarare variants in adiponectin receptor 1 (ADIPOR1) as risk factors for HCM. Biochemical studies showed that ADIPOR1 variants dysregulate glucose and lipid metabolism and cause cardiac hypertrophy through the p38/mammalian target of rapamycin and/or extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways. A transgenic mouse model expressing an ADIPOR1 variant displayed cardiomyopathy that recapitulated the cellular findings, and these features were rescued by rapamycin. Our results provide the first evidence that ADIPOR1 variants can cause HCM and provide new insights into ADIPOR1 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perundurai S Dhandapany
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, India.
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular, and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Soojeong Kang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Deepak K Kashyap
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, India
- CSIR-Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Raksha Rajagopal
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Avenue, Bangalore, India
| | - Nagalingam R Sundaresan
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Avenue, Bangalore, India
| | - Rajvir Singh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kumarasamy Thangaraj
- CSIR-Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
- Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, India
| | - Shilpa Jayaprakash
- Department of Cardiology, Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Cholenahally N Manjunath
- Department of Cardiology, Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Jayaprakash Shenthar
- Department of Cardiology, Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Djamel Lebeche
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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9
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Qiu J, Xiao H, Zhou S, Du W, Mu X, Shi G, Tan X. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells inhibit cardiac hypertrophy by enhancing FoxO1 transcription. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:188-197. [PMID: 33049085 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have therapeutic potential for certain heart diseases. Previous studies have shown that stem cells inhibit cardiac hypertrophy; however, it is necessary to explore the mechanisms underlying this effect. This study aimed to investigate the possible mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of BMSCs on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. We induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in cultured rat cells through isoproterenol (ISO) treatment with or without BMSC coculture. A microarray was performed to analyze messenger RNA expression in response to ISO treatment and BMSC coculture. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that the expression of differential genes was closely related to the 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway and that the expression of forkhead box O 1 (FoxO1) was significantly increased in the presence of BMSCs. Furthermore, we determined the expression levels of p-AMPK/AMPK and p-FoxO1/FoxO1 by western blot analysis. The expression of p-AMPK/AMPK was upregulated, whereas that of p-FoxO1/FoxO1 was downregulated upon coculturing with BMSCs. The AMPK-specific antagonist Compound C inhibited the downregulation of p-FoxO1/FoxO1 induced by the BMSC coculture. Furthermore, treatment with the specific FoxO1 antagonist AS1842856 reduced the inhibitory effects of BMSCs on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vivo and in vitro. Our present study demonstrates the inhibition of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by BMSCs, which occurs partly through the AMPK-FoxO1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Qiu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Huaiteng Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shunchang Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Weimin Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiang Mu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Guangjun Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xueying Tan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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10
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Yu W, Chen C, Cheng J. The role and molecular mechanism of FoxO1 in mediating cardiac hypertrophy. ESC Heart Fail 2020; 7:3497-3504. [PMID: 33089967 PMCID: PMC7755013 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy can lead to heart failure and cardiovascular events and has become a research hotspot in the field of cardiovascular disease. Despite extensive and in-depth research, the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy is far from being fully understood. Increasing evidence has shown that the transcription factor forkhead box protein O 1 (FoxO1) is closely related to the occurrence and development of cardiac hypertrophy. This review summarizes the current literature on the role and molecular mechanism of FoxO1 in cardiac hypertrophy. We searched the database MEDLINE via PubMed for available evidence on the effect of FoxO1 on cardiac hypertrophy. FoxO1 has many effects on multiple diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, aging, and stem cell activity. Recent studies have shown that FoxO1 plays a critical role in the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Evidence for this relationship includes the following. (i) FoxO1 can regulate cardiac growth/protein synthesis, calcium homeostasis, cell apoptosis, and autophagy and (ii) is controlled by several upstream signalling molecules (e.g. phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt, AMP-activated protein kinase, and sirtuins) and regulates many downstream transcription proteins (e.g. ubiquitin ligases muscle RING finger 1/muscle atrophy F-box, calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells, and microRNAs). In response to stress or external stimulation (e.g. low energy, oxidative stress, or growth factor signalling), FoxO1 undergoes post-translational modification and transfers from the cytoplasm to nucleus, thus regulating the expression of a series of target genes in myocardium that are involved in cardiac growth/protein synthesis, calcium homeostasis, cell apoptosis, and autophagy. (iii) Finally, targeted regulation of FoxO1 is an effective method of intervening in myocardial hypertrophy. The information reviewed here should be significant for understanding the roles of FoxO1 in cardiac hypertrophy and should contribute to the design of further studies related to FoxO1 and the hypertrophic response. It should also shed light on a potential treatment for cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Department of Internal MedicineXiang'an Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
| | - Chunjuan Chen
- Department of CardiologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College69 Dong Xia North RoadShantou515041China
| | - Jidong Cheng
- Department of Internal MedicineXiang'an Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
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11
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McCommis KS, Kovacs A, Weinheimer CJ, Shew TM, Koves TR, Ilkayeva OR, Kamm DR, Pyles KD, King MT, Veech RL, DeBosch BJ, Muoio DM, Gross RW, Finck BN. Nutritional modulation of heart failure in mitochondrial pyruvate carrier-deficient mice. Nat Metab 2020; 2:1232-1247. [PMID: 33106690 PMCID: PMC7957960 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00296-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The myocardium is metabolically flexible; however, impaired flexibility is associated with cardiac dysfunction in conditions including diabetes and heart failure. The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) complex, composed of MPC1 and MPC2, is required for pyruvate import into the mitochondria. Here we show that MPC1 and MPC2 expression is downregulated in failing human and mouse hearts. Mice with cardiac-specific deletion of Mpc2 (CS-MPC2-/-) exhibited normal cardiac size and function at 6 weeks old, but progressively developed cardiac dilation and contractile dysfunction, which was completely reversed by a high-fat, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet. Diets with higher fat content, but enough carbohydrate to limit ketosis, also improved heart failure, while direct ketone body provisioning provided only minor improvements in cardiac remodelling in CS-MPC2-/- mice. An acute fast also improved cardiac remodelling. Together, our results reveal a critical role for mitochondrial pyruvate use in cardiac function, and highlight the potential of dietary interventions to enhance cardiac fat metabolism to prevent or reverse cardiac dysfunction and remodelling in the setting of MPC deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle S McCommis
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Attila Kovacs
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carla J Weinheimer
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Trevor M Shew
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Timothy R Koves
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Olga R Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dakota R Kamm
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kelly D Pyles
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - M Todd King
- Laboratory of Metabolic Control, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard L Veech
- Laboratory of Metabolic Control, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian J DeBosch
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deborah M Muoio
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Richard W Gross
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian N Finck
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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12
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Hu J, Tang B, Wang J, Huang K, Wang Y, Lu S, Gowreesunkur HB, Wang Y, Wu D, Mayala HA, Wang ZH. Familial Atrial Enlargement, Conduction Disorder and Symmetric Cardiac Hypertrophy Are Early Signs of PRKAG2 R302Q. Curr Med Sci 2020; 40:486-492. [PMID: 32681253 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2207-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PRKAG2 cardiac syndrome (PS) is a rare inherited disease due to PRKAG2 gene mutation and characterized by Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPWs), conduction system lesions and myocardial hypertrophy. It can also lead to serious consequences, such as sudden death. But the genetic and clinical heterogeneity makes the early diagnosis of PS difficult. Here we studied a family with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and other diverse manifestations. Gene analysis identified a missense mutation (Arg302Gln) in the five affected subjects of the family. The electrocardiograph performance of the five was composed of sinus bradycardia (SB), WPWs, right bundle branch block (RBBB), atrioventricular block (AVB), left bundle branch block (LBBB), supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and atrial premature beat (APB). Among them, the youngest one began to show paroxysmal palpitation at the age of nine and was confirmed to have WPWs at 17 years old; two members progressed over time to serious conduction damage, and the proband received a pacemaker at the age of 27 due to AVB. Besides, according to cardiac magnetic resonance and echocardiography, the youngest one showed symmetric hypertrophy; three older members showed asymmetric myocardial hypertrophy characterized with a diffuse pattern of middle-anterior-lateral-inferior wall hypertrophy and especially interventricular septal hypertrophy; all five affected patients showed atrial enlargement regardless of myocardial hypertrophy at an earlier stage. In conclusion, the conduction system disorder, familial atrial enlargement and symmetric cardiac hypertrophy may occur in the early stage of PRKAG2 R302Q mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ben Tang
- First Clinical School, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shuai Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hnkeshsing Baboo Gowreesunkur
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Henry Anselmo Mayala
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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13
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Guo X, Lin H, Liu J, Wang D, Li D, Jiang C, Tang Y, Wang J, Zhang T, Li Y, Yao P. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D attenuates diabetic cardiac autophagy and damage by vitamin D receptor-mediated suppression of FoxO1 translocation. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 80:108380. [PMID: 32299030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular abnormalities are one of the most important complications associated with diabetes. However, the effect of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) on the diabetic heart and the associated regulatory mechanisms are not well appreciated. Here, we report that activation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) by 1,25D depresses autophagic activity by inhibiting nuclear FoxO1 translocation to attenuate diabetic heart damage. Treatment with 1,25D improved oral glucose tolerance test outcomes, fasting blood glucose levels and CK-MB release in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF, fa/fa) rats. Moreover, 1,25D intervention decreased the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, nuclear FoxO1, LC3II/LC3I and Beclin1 in the hearts of ZDF rats. However, VDR was noticeably up-regulated by 1,25D, which was inhibited in diabetic hearts. In the cardiomyocyte cell line H9c2, further accumulation of LC3II and the augmentation of p62 after treatment with high glucose and chloroquine confirmed increased autophagic activity in diabetic hearts. Moreover, increased Bcl-2 and Bax levels were observed after treatment with an agonist (rapamycin) and antagonist (3MA) of autophagy in high-glucose-cultured cells. The knockdown of VDR with siRNA further induced the expression of LC3II and FoxO1 translocation and altered the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in high-glucose-exposed cells, and these effects were suppressed by treatment with 1,25D or an inhibitor of FoxO1 transcriptional activity. In summary, 1,25D supplementation attenuated diabetic heart-related cardiac autophagy and damage by activating the VDR to inhibit the nuclear translocation of FoxO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hongkun Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dongxia Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chunjie Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yuhan Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, 2021 Buxin Road, Shenzhen 518020, PR China
| | - Tingrui Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115 DongHu Road, Wu Chang District, Wuhan City 430072, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, 2021 Buxin Road, Shenzhen 518020, PR China.
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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14
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Xu X, Si M, Lou H, Yan Y, Liu Y, Zhu H, Lou X, Ma J, Zhu D, Wu H, Yang B, Wu H, Ding L, He Q. Hyperglycemia decreases anti-cancer efficiency of Adriamycin via AMPK pathway. Endocr Relat Cancer 2020; 27:X3-X4. [PMID: 32022504 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The authors and journal apologise for an error in the above paper, which appeared in volume 25 part 11, pages 955–966. The error relates to the artwork of Fig. 5 on page 963, in which the blots given in panel E were mistakenly replicated in panel F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaqing Xu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meimei Si
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Honggang Lou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youyou Yan
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunxi Liu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoe Lou
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Difeng Zhu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Honghai Wu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoshu Wu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Ding
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Steinberg GR, Carling D. AMP-activated protein kinase: the current landscape for drug development. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 18:527-551. [PMID: 30867601 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as a central regulator of energy homeostasis, many exciting insights into its structure, regulation and physiological roles have been revealed. While exercise, caloric restriction, metformin and many natural products increase AMPK activity and exert a multitude of health benefits, developing direct activators of AMPK to elicit beneficial effects has been challenging. However, in recent years, direct AMPK activators have been identified and tested in preclinical models, and a small number have entered clinical trials. Despite these advances, which disease(s) represent the best indications for therapeutic AMPK activation and the long-term safety of such approaches remain to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - David Carling
- Cellular Stress Group, Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
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16
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Abstract
Metabolic pathways integrate to support tissue homeostasis and to prompt changes in cell phenotype. In particular, the heart consumes relatively large amounts of substrate not only to regenerate ATP for contraction but also to sustain biosynthetic reactions for replacement of cellular building blocks. Metabolic pathways also control intracellular redox state, and metabolic intermediates and end products provide signals that prompt changes in enzymatic activity and gene expression. Mounting evidence suggests that the changes in cardiac metabolism that occur during development, exercise, and pregnancy as well as with pathological stress (eg, myocardial infarction, pressure overload) are causative in cardiac remodeling. Metabolism-mediated changes in gene expression, metabolite signaling, and the channeling of glucose-derived carbon toward anabolic pathways seem critical for physiological growth of the heart, and metabolic inefficiency and loss of coordinated anabolic activity are emerging as proximal causes of pathological remodeling. This review integrates knowledge of different forms of cardiac remodeling to develop general models of how relationships between catabolic and anabolic glucose metabolism may fortify cardiac health or promote (mal)adaptive myocardial remodeling. Adoption of conceptual frameworks based in relational biology may enable further understanding of how metabolism regulates cardiac structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Gibb
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.A.G.)
| | - Bradford G Hill
- the Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, KY (B.G.H.).
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18
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Giudici MC, Ahmad F, Holanda DG. Patient with a PRKAG2 mutation who developed Immunoglobulin A nephropathy: a case report. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CASE REPORTS 2019; 3:5474965. [PMID: 31449595 PMCID: PMC6601182 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytz038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background PRKAG2 syndrome (PS) is a rare, early-onset autosomal dominant inherited disease caused by mutations in PRKAG2, the gene encoding the regulatory γ2 subunit of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase. PRKAG2 syndrome is associated with many cardiac manifestations, including pre-excitation, arrhythmias, left ventricular hypertrophy, and chronotropic incompetence frequently leading to early pacemaker placement. A meta-analysis of genome-wide association data in subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD) identified a susceptibility locus in an intron of PRKAG2, which has been replicated in other studies. However, CKD has not been reported in patients with PS or mutations in PRKAG2. Case summary We report a case of a woman diagnosed at age 27 with PS when she presented with atrial fibrillation and pre-excitation on electrocardiogram. By age 35, she had developed mild renal insufficiency and a biopsy demonstrated IgA nephropathy (IGAN). Discussion This is the first reported case of IGAN in a patient with PS. We discuss both PS and IGAN and the potential mechanisms by which they could be related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Giudici
- Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals, 200 Hawkins Drive, 4426JCP, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ferhaan Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals, 200 Hawkins Drive, 4426JCP, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Danniele G Holanda
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals, 200 Hawkins Drive, 4426JCP, Iowa City, IA, USA
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19
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Ducommun S, Deak M, Zeigerer A, Göransson O, Seitz S, Collodet C, Madsen AB, Jensen TE, Viollet B, Foretz M, Gut P, Sumpton D, Sakamoto K. Chemical genetic screen identifies Gapex-5/GAPVD1 and STBD1 as novel AMPK substrates. Cell Signal 2019; 57:45-57. [PMID: 30772465 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key regulator of cellular energy homeostasis, acting as a sensor of energy and nutrient status. As such, AMPK is considered a promising drug target for treatment of medical conditions particularly associated with metabolic dysfunctions. To better understand the downstream effectors and physiological consequences of AMPK activation, we have employed a chemical genetic screen in mouse primary hepatocytes in an attempt to identify novel AMPK targets. Treatment of hepatocytes with a potent and specific AMPK activator 991 resulted in identification of 65 proteins phosphorylated upon AMPK activation, which are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as lipid/glycogen metabolism, vesicle trafficking, and cytoskeleton organisation. Further characterisation and validation using mass spectrometry followed by immunoblotting analysis with phosphorylation site-specific antibodies identified AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of Gapex-5 (also known as GTPase-activating protein and VPS9 domain-containing protein 1 (GAPVD1)) on Ser902 in hepatocytes and starch-binding domain 1 (STBD1) on Ser175 in multiple cells/tissues. As new promising roles of AMPK as a key metabolic regulator continue to emerge, the substrates we identified could provide new mechanistic and therapeutic insights into AMPK-activating drugs in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Ducommun
- Nestlé Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, bâtiment G, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maria Deak
- Nestlé Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, bâtiment G, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anja Zeigerer
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Olga Göransson
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Susanne Seitz
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Caterina Collodet
- Nestlé Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, bâtiment G, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Agnete B Madsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris cité, Paris, France
| | - Marc Foretz
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris cité, Paris, France
| | - Philipp Gut
- Nestlé Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, bâtiment G, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Sumpton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Nestlé Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, bâtiment G, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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20
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Zhang M, Wu J, Sun R, Tao X, Wang X, Kang Q, Wang H, Zhang L, Liu P, Zhang J, Xia Y, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Xiong Y, Guan KL, Zou Y, Ye D. SIRT5 deficiency suppresses mitochondrial ATP production and promotes AMPK activation in response to energy stress. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211796. [PMID: 30759120 PMCID: PMC6373945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) is a member of the NAD+-dependent sirtuin family of protein deacylase that catalyzes removal of post-translational modifications, such as succinylation, malonylation, and glutarylation on lysine residues. In light of the SIRT5's roles in regulating mitochondrion function, we show here that SIRT5 deficiency leads to suppression of mitochondrial NADH oxidation and inhibition of ATP synthase activity. As a result, SIRT5 deficiency decreases mitochondrial ATP production, increases AMP/ATP ratio, and subsequently activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in cultured cells and mouse hearts under energy stress conditions. Moreover, Sirt5 knockout attenuates transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction in mice, which is associated with decreased ATP level, increased AMP/ATP ratio and enhanced AMPK activation. Our study thus uncovers an important role of SIRT5 in regulating cellular energy metabolism and AMPK activation in response to energy stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and The Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renqiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and The Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoting Tao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Waters corporation Shanghai Science & Technology Co Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Kang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and The Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Waters corporation Shanghai Science & Technology Co Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and The Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and The Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and The Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yukun Xia
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and The Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzheng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and The Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and The Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and The Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Natural activators of adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and their pharmacological activities. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 122:69-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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22
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Zhang M, Xie ZF, Zhang RT, Chen DK, Gu M, Cui SC, Zhang YM, Zhang XW, Yu YY, Li J, Nan FJ, Li JY. Novel substituted pyrazolone derivatives as AMP-activated protein kinase activators to inhibit lipid synthesis and reduce lipid accumulation in ob/ob mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1622-1632. [PMID: 29795358 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a clinical syndrome characterized by hepatic steatosis. NAFLD is closely linked to obesity, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) functions as an energy sensor and plays a central role in regulating lipid metabolism. In this study, we identified a series of novel pyrazolone AMPK activators using a homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence assay (HTRF) based on the AMPKα2β1γ1 complex. Compound 29 (C29) is a candidate compound that directly activated the kinase domain of AMPK with an EC50 value of 2.1-0.2 μmol/L and acted as a non-selective activator of AMPK complexes. Treatment of HepG2 cells with C29 (20, 40 μmol/L) dose-dependently inhibited triglyceride accumulation. Chronic administration of C29 (10, 30 mg/kg every day, po, for 5 weeks) significantly improved lipid metabolism in both the liver and the plasma of ob/ob mice. These results demonstrate that the AMPK activators could be part of a novel treatment approach for NAFLD and associated metabolic disorders.
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23
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Miyamoto L. Molecular Pathogenesis of Familial Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2018; 65:1-8. [PMID: 29593177 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.65.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Familial Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is an autosomal dominant inherited disease and consists of a small percentage of WPW syndrome which exhibits ventricular pre-excitation by development of accessory atrioventricular pathway. A series of mutations in PRKAG2 gene encoding gamma2 subunit of 5'AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been identified as the cause of familial WPW syndrome. AMPK is one of the most important metabolic regulators of carbohydrates and lipids in many types of tissues including cardiac and skeletal muscles. Patients and animals with the mutation in PRKAG2 gene exhibit aberrant atrioventricular conduction associated with cardiac glycogen overload. Recent studies have revealed "novel" significance of canonical pathways leading to glycogen synthesis and provided us profound insights into molecular mechanism of the regulation of glycogen metabolism by AMPK. This review focuses on the molecular basis of the pathogenesis of cardiac abnormality due to PRKAG2 mutation and will provide current overviews of the mechanism of glycogen regulation by AMPK. J. Med. Invest. 65:1-8, February, 2018.
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Ruiz-Guerrero L, Barriales-Villa R. Storage diseases with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract 2018; 2018:28. [PMID: 30393640 PMCID: PMC6209457 DOI: 10.21542/gcsp.2018.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Never judge a book by its cover, nor assume hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) as sarcomeric, as appearances can deceive. HCM phenocopies account for a 5–10% of the cases, mainly represented by storage diseases, flagged by the increasing prevalence of senile cardiac amyloid in developing countries. Multisystemic and heterogeneous presentation of these entities is a challenge for clinicians, and time delay in diagnosis is a major concern. Promising drugs and gene-specific tailored therapies are under development, therefore, more than ever, appropriate understanding of these conditions is mandatory for adequate early treatment and counselling. In this review, storage disorders will be classified as extracellular and intracellular deposit storage diseases, focusing our attention on the most prevalent conditions from the cardiologist’s perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Ruiz-Guerrero
- Cardiology Service, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Roberto Barriales-Villa
- Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases Unit, Cardiology Service, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red. Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
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25
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Abstract
In humans, dominant mutations in the gene encoding the regulatory γ2-subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (PRKAG2) result in a highly penetrant phenotype dominated by cardiac features: left ventricular hypertrophy, ventricular pre-excitation, atrial tachyarrhythmia, cardiac conduction disease, and myocardial glycogen storage. The discovery of a link between the cell's fundamental energy sensor, AMPK, and inherited cardiac disease catalyzed intense interest into the biological role of AMPK in the heart. In this chapter, we provide an introduction to the spectrum of human disease resulting from pathogenic variants in PRKAG2, outlining its discovery, clinical genetics, and current perspectives on its pathogenesis and highlighting mechanistic insights derived through the evaluation of disease models. We also present a clinical perspective on the major components of the cardiomyopathy associated with mutations in PRKAG2, together with less commonly described extracardiac features, its prognosis, and principles of management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Yavari
- Experimental Therapeutics, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. .,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. .,The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Dhruv Sarma
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eduardo B Sternick
- Instituto de Pós-Graduação, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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26
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Torok RD, Austin SL, Phornphutkul C, Rotondo KM, Bali D, Tatum GH, Wechsler SB, Buckley AF, Kishnani PS. PRKAG2 mutations presenting in infancy. J Inherit Metab Dis 2017; 40:823-830. [PMID: 28801758 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-017-0072-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PRKAG2 encodes the γ2 subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is an important regulator of cardiac metabolism. Mutations in PRKAG2 cause a cardiac syndrome comprising ventricular hypertrophy, pre-excitation, and progressive conduction-system disease, which is typically not diagnosed until adolescence or young adulthood. However, significant variability exists in the presentation and outcomes of patients with PRKAG2 mutations, with presentation in infancy being underrecognized. The diagnosis of PRKAG2 can be challenging in infants, and we describe our experience with three patients who were initially suspected to have Pompe disease yet ultimately diagnosed with mutations in PRKAG2. A disease-causing PRKAG2 mutation was identified in each case, with a novel missense mutation described in one patient. We highlight the potential for patients with PRKAG2 mutations to mimic Pompe disease in infancy and the need for confirmatory testing when diagnosing Pompe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D Torok
- Divisions of Pediatric Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie L Austin
- Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 103856, 595 Lasalle Street, GSRB 1, 4th Floor, Room 4010, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Chanika Phornphutkul
- Divisions of Human Genetics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kathleen M Rotondo
- Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Deeksha Bali
- Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 103856, 595 Lasalle Street, GSRB 1, 4th Floor, Room 4010, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Gregory H Tatum
- Divisions of Pediatric Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie B Wechsler
- Divisions of Pediatric Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 103856, 595 Lasalle Street, GSRB 1, 4th Floor, Room 4010, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Anne F Buckley
- Division of Pathology Clinical Services, Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Priya S Kishnani
- Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 103856, 595 Lasalle Street, GSRB 1, 4th Floor, Room 4010, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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27
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Tuomainen T, Tavi P. The role of cardiac energy metabolism in cardiac hypertrophy and failure. Exp Cell Res 2017; 360:12-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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28
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Cao Y, Bojjireddy N, Kim M, Li T, Zhai P, Nagarajan N, Sadoshima J, Palmiter RD, Tian R. Activation of γ2-AMPK Suppresses Ribosome Biogenesis and Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Circ Res 2017; 121:1182-1191. [PMID: 28835357 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.311159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) is a heterotrimeric protein that plays an important role in energy homeostasis and cardioprotection. Two isoforms of each subunit are expressed in the heart, but the isoform-specific function of AMPK remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the role of γ2-AMPK in cardiac stress response using bioengineered cell lines and mouse models containing either isoform of the γ-subunit in the heart. METHODS AND RESULTS We found that γ2 but not γ1 or γ3 subunit translocated into nucleus on AMPK activation. Nuclear accumulation of AMPK complexes containing γ2-subunit phosphorylated and inactivated RNA Pol I (polymerase I)-associated transcription factor TIF-IA at Ser-635, precluding the assembly of transcription initiation complexes for rDNA. The subsequent downregulation of pre-rRNA level led to attenuated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and cell death. Deleting γ2-AMPK led to increases in pre-rRNA level, ER stress markers, and cell death during glucose deprivation, which could be rescued by inhibition of rRNA processing or ER stress. To study the function of γ2-AMPK in the heart, we generated a mouse model with cardiac-specific deletion of γ2-AMPK (cardiac knockout [cKO]). Although the total AMPK activity was unaltered in cKO hearts because of upregulation of γ1-AMPK, the lack of γ2-AMPK sensitizes the heart to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. The cKO failed to suppress pre-rRNA level during ischemia/reperfusion and showed a greater infarct size. Conversely, cardiac-specific overexpression of γ2-AMPK decreased ribosome biosynthesis and ER stress during ischemia/reperfusion insult, and the infarct size was reduced. CONCLUSIONS The γ2-AMPK translocates into the nucleus to suppress pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome biosynthesis during stress, thus ameliorating ER stress and cell death. Increased γ2-AMPK activity is required to protect against ischemia/reperfusion injury. Our study reveals an isoform-specific function of γ2-AMPK in modulating ribosome biosynthesis, cell survival, and cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cao
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Mitochondria and Metabolism Center (Y.C., N.B., M.K., T.L., R.T.) and Department of Biochemistry (R.D.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (P.Z., N.N., J.S.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA (R.D.P.)
| | - Naveen Bojjireddy
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Mitochondria and Metabolism Center (Y.C., N.B., M.K., T.L., R.T.) and Department of Biochemistry (R.D.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (P.Z., N.N., J.S.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA (R.D.P.)
| | - Maengjo Kim
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Mitochondria and Metabolism Center (Y.C., N.B., M.K., T.L., R.T.) and Department of Biochemistry (R.D.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (P.Z., N.N., J.S.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA (R.D.P.)
| | - Tao Li
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Mitochondria and Metabolism Center (Y.C., N.B., M.K., T.L., R.T.) and Department of Biochemistry (R.D.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (P.Z., N.N., J.S.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA (R.D.P.)
| | - Peiyong Zhai
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Mitochondria and Metabolism Center (Y.C., N.B., M.K., T.L., R.T.) and Department of Biochemistry (R.D.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (P.Z., N.N., J.S.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA (R.D.P.)
| | - Narayani Nagarajan
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Mitochondria and Metabolism Center (Y.C., N.B., M.K., T.L., R.T.) and Department of Biochemistry (R.D.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (P.Z., N.N., J.S.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA (R.D.P.)
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Mitochondria and Metabolism Center (Y.C., N.B., M.K., T.L., R.T.) and Department of Biochemistry (R.D.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (P.Z., N.N., J.S.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA (R.D.P.)
| | - Richard D Palmiter
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Mitochondria and Metabolism Center (Y.C., N.B., M.K., T.L., R.T.) and Department of Biochemistry (R.D.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (P.Z., N.N., J.S.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA (R.D.P.)
| | - Rong Tian
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Mitochondria and Metabolism Center (Y.C., N.B., M.K., T.L., R.T.) and Department of Biochemistry (R.D.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (P.Z., N.N., J.S.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA (R.D.P.).
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29
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Xu Y, Gray A, Hardie DG, Uzun A, Shaw S, Padbury J, Phornphutkul C, Tseng YT. A novel, de novo mutation in the PRKAG2 gene: infantile-onset phenotype and the signaling pathway involved. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H283-H292. [PMID: 28550180 PMCID: PMC5582920 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00813.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PRKAG2 encodes the γ2-subunit isoform of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a heterotrimeric enzyme with major roles in the regulation of energy metabolism in response to cellular stress. Mutations in PRKAG2 have been implicated in a unique hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) characterized by cardiac glycogen overload, ventricular preexcitation, and hypertrophy. We identified a novel, de novo PRKAG2 mutation (K475E) in a neonate with prenatal onset of HCM. We aimed to investigate the cellular impact, signaling pathways involved, and therapeutic options for K475E mutation using cells stably expressing human wild-type (WT) or the K475E mutant. In human embryonic kidney-293 cells, the K475E mutation induced a marked increase in the basal phosphorylation of T172 and AMPK activity, reduced sensitivity to AMP in allosteric activation, and a loss of response to phenformin. In H9c2 cardiomyocytes, the K475E mutation induced inhibition of AMPK and reduced the response to phenformin and increases in the phosphorylation of p70S6 kinase (p70S6K) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1). Primary fibroblasts from the patient with the K475E mutation also showed marked increases in the phosphorylation of p70S6K and 4E-BP1 compared with those from age-matched, nondiseased controls. Moreover, overexpression of K475E induced hypertrophy in H9c2 cells, which was effectively reversed by treatment with rapamycin. Taken together, we have identified a novel, de novo infantile-onset PRKAG2 mutation causing HCM. Our study suggests the K475E mutation induces alteration in basal AMPK activity and results in a hypertrophy phenotype involving the mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling pathway, which can be reversed with rapamycin.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We identified a novel, de novo PRKAG2 mutation (K475E) in the cystathionine β-synthase 3 repeat, a region critical for AMP binding but with no previous reported mutation. Our data suggest the mutation affects AMP-activated protein kinase activity, activates cell growth pathways, and results in cardiac hypertrophy, which can be reversed with rapamycin.
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MESH Headings
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/chemistry
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Adenosine Monophosphate/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/drug therapy
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/enzymology
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/genetics
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/physiopathology
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- Enzyme Activation
- Fibroblasts/enzymology
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Models, Molecular
- Mutation, Missense
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Phenformin/pharmacology
- Phenotype
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Conformation
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Sirolimus/pharmacology
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Xu
- Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, Rhode Island
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - A Gray
- College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - D Grahame Hardie
- College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Alper Uzun
- Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, Rhode Island
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Sunil Shaw
- Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, Rhode Island
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - James Padbury
- Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, Rhode Island
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Chanika Phornphutkul
- Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island; and
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Yi-Tang Tseng
- Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, Rhode Island;
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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30
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Myers RW, Guan HP, Ehrhart J, Petrov A, Prahalada S, Tozzo E, Yang X, Kurtz MM, Trujillo M, Gonzalez Trotter D, Feng D, Xu S, Eiermann G, Holahan MA, Rubins D, Conarello S, Niu X, Souza SC, Miller C, Liu J, Lu K, Feng W, Li Y, Painter RE, Milligan JA, He H, Liu F, Ogawa A, Wisniewski D, Rohm RJ, Wang L, Bunzel M, Qian Y, Zhu W, Wang H, Bennet B, LaFranco Scheuch L, Fernandez GE, Li C, Klimas M, Zhou G, van Heek M, Biftu T, Weber A, Kelley DE, Thornberry N, Erion MD, Kemp DM, Sebhat IK. Systemic pan-AMPK activator MK-8722 improves glucose homeostasis but induces cardiac hypertrophy. Science 2017; 357:507-511. [PMID: 28705990 DOI: 10.1126/science.aah5582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
5'-Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a master regulator of energy homeostasis in eukaryotes. Despite three decades of investigation, the biological roles of AMPK and its potential as a drug target remain incompletely understood, largely because of a lack of optimized pharmacological tools. We developed MK-8722, a potent, direct, allosteric activator of all 12 mammalian AMPK complexes. In rodents and rhesus monkeys, MK-8722-mediated AMPK activation in skeletal muscle induced robust, durable, insulin-independent glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis, with resultant improvements in glycemia and no evidence of hypoglycemia. These effects translated across species, including diabetic rhesus monkeys, but manifested with concomitant cardiac hypertrophy and increased cardiac glycogen without apparent functional sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Myers
- In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
| | - Hong-Ping Guan
- Biology-Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Juliann Ehrhart
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Aleksandr Petrov
- Biology-Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Srinivasa Prahalada
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Effie Tozzo
- Biology-Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Biology-Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Marc M Kurtz
- In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Maria Trujillo
- In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Dinko Gonzalez Trotter
- Translational Imaging and Biomarkers Departments, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Danqing Feng
- Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Shiyao Xu
- PPDM Preclinical ADME Departments, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - George Eiermann
- In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Marie A Holahan
- Translational Imaging and Biomarkers Departments, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Daniel Rubins
- Translational Imaging and Biomarkers Departments, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Stacey Conarello
- In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Xiaoda Niu
- In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Sandra C Souza
- Biology-Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Corin Miller
- Translational Imaging and Biomarkers Departments, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Jinqi Liu
- Biology-Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Ku Lu
- Biology-Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Wen Feng
- In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Biology-Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Ronald E Painter
- In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - James A Milligan
- In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Huaibing He
- PPDM Preclinical ADME Departments, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Franklin Liu
- Biology-Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Aimie Ogawa
- In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Douglas Wisniewski
- In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Rory J Rohm
- Biology-Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Liyang Wang
- In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Michelle Bunzel
- Translational Imaging and Biomarkers Departments, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Ying Qian
- Biology-Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Wei Zhu
- Biology-Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Hongwu Wang
- Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Bindu Bennet
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Lisa LaFranco Scheuch
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Guillermo E Fernandez
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Cai Li
- In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Michael Klimas
- Translational Imaging and Biomarkers Departments, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Gaochao Zhou
- In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Margaret van Heek
- In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Tesfaye Biftu
- Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Ann Weber
- Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - David E Kelley
- Biology-Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Nancy Thornberry
- Biology-Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Mark D Erion
- Biology-Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Daniel M Kemp
- Biology-Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Iyassu K Sebhat
- Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
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31
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Marian AJ, van Rooij E, Roberts R. Genetics and Genomics of Single-Gene Cardiovascular Diseases: Common Hereditary Cardiomyopathies as Prototypes of Single-Gene Disorders. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 68:2831-2849. [PMID: 28007145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.09.968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This is the first of 2 review papers on genetics and genomics appearing as part of the series on "omics." Genomics pertains to all components of an organism's genes, whereas genetics involves analysis of a specific gene or genes in the context of heredity. The paper provides introductory comments, describes the basis of human genetic diversity, and addresses the phenotypic consequences of genetic variants. Rare variants with large effect sizes are responsible for single-gene disorders, whereas complex polygenic diseases are typically due to multiple genetic variants, each exerting a modest effect size. To illustrate the clinical implications of genetic variants with large effect sizes, 3 common forms of hereditary cardiomyopathies are discussed as prototypic examples of single-gene disorders, including their genetics, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, and treatment. The genetic basis of complex traits is discussed in a separate paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali J Marian
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, and Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas.
| | - Eva van Rooij
- Hubrecht Institute, KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Roberts
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
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32
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Peterzan MA, Lygate CA, Neubauer S, Rider OJ. Metabolic remodeling in hypertrophied and failing myocardium: a review. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017. [PMID: 28646030 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00731.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The energy starvation hypothesis proposes that maladaptive metabolic remodeling antedates, initiates, and maintains adverse contractile dysfunction in heart failure (HF). Better understanding of the cardiac metabolic phenotype and metabolic signaling could help identify the role metabolic remodeling plays within HF and the conditions known to transition toward HF, including "pathological" hypertrophy. In this review, we discuss metabolic phenotype and metabolic signaling in the contexts of pathological hypertrophy and HF. We discuss the significance of alterations in energy supply (substrate utilization, oxidative capacity, and phosphotransfer) and energy sensing using observations from human and animal disease models and models of manipulated energy supply/sensing. We aim to provide ways of thinking about metabolic remodeling that center around metabolic flexibility, capacity (reserve), and efficiency rather than around particular substrate preferences or transcriptomic profiles. We show that maladaptive metabolic remodeling takes multiple forms across multiple energy-handling domains. We suggest that lack of metabolic flexibility and reserve (substrate, oxidative, and phosphotransfer) represents a final common denominator ultimately compromising efficiency and contractile reserve in stressful contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Peterzan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Craig A Lygate
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Neubauer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver J Rider
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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33
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Gu X, Yan Y, Novick SJ, Kovach A, Goswami D, Ke J, Tan MHE, Wang L, Li X, de Waal PW, Webb MR, Griffin PR, Xu HE, Melcher K. Deconvoluting AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) adenine nucleotide binding and sensing. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:12653-12666. [PMID: 28615457 PMCID: PMC5535039 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.793018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a central cellular energy sensor that adapts metabolism and growth to the energy state of the cell. AMPK senses the ratio of adenine nucleotides (adenylate energy charge) by competitive binding of AMP, ADP, and ATP to three sites (CBS1, CBS3, and CBS4) in its γ-subunit. Because these three binding sites are functionally interconnected, it remains unclear how nucleotides bind to individual sites, which nucleotides occupy each site under physiological conditions, and how binding to one site affects binding to the other sites. Here, we comprehensively analyze nucleotide binding to wild-type and mutant AMPK protein complexes by quantitative competition assays and by hydrogen-deuterium exchange MS. We also demonstrate that NADPH, in addition to the known AMPK ligand NADH, directly and competitively binds AMPK at the AMP-sensing CBS3 site. Our findings reveal how AMP binding to one site affects the conformation and adenine nucleotide binding at the other two sites and establish CBS3, and not CBS1, as the high affinity exchangeable AMP/ADP/ATP-binding site. We further show that AMP binding at CBS4 increases AMP binding at CBS3 by 2 orders of magnitude and reverses the AMP/ATP preference of CBS3. Together, these results illustrate how the three CBS sites collaborate to enable highly sensitive detection of cellular energy states to maintain the tight ATP homeostastis required for cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gu
- Laboratories of Structural Sciences and Structural Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503
| | - Yan Yan
- Laboratories of Structural Sciences and Structural Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503; VARI-SIMM Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Scott J Novick
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Translational Research Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Amanda Kovach
- Laboratories of Structural Sciences and Structural Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503
| | - Devrishi Goswami
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Translational Research Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Jiyuan Ke
- Laboratories of Structural Sciences and Structural Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503
| | - M H Eileen Tan
- Laboratories of Structural Sciences and Structural Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503; The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Lili Wang
- Laboratories of Structural Sciences and Structural Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503
| | - Xiaodan Li
- Laboratories of Structural Sciences and Structural Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503
| | - Parker W de Waal
- Laboratories of Structural Sciences and Structural Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503
| | - Martin R Webb
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick R Griffin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Translational Research Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - H Eric Xu
- Laboratories of Structural Sciences and Structural Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503; VARI-SIMM Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Karsten Melcher
- Laboratories of Structural Sciences and Structural Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503.
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34
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Farrell ET, Grimes AC, de Lange WJ, Armstrong AE, Ralphe JC. Increased Postnatal Cardiac Hyperplasia Precedes Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy in a Model of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2017; 8:414. [PMID: 28659827 PMCID: PMC5470088 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) occurs in ~0.5% of the population and is a leading cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young adults. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy has been the accepted mechanism for cardiac enlargement in HCM, but the early signaling responsible for initiating hypertrophy is poorly understood. Mutations in cardiac myosin binding protein C (MYBPC3) are among the most common HCM-causing mutations. Ablation of Mybpc3 in an HCM mouse model (cMyBP-C−/−) rapidly leads to cardiomegaly by postnatal day (PND) 9, though hearts are indistinguishable from wild-type (WT) at birth. This model provides a unique opportunity to explore early processes involved in the dramatic postnatal transition to hypertrophy. Methods and Results: We performed microarray analysis, echocardiography, qPCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and isolated cardiomyocyte measurements to characterize the perinatal cMyBP-C−/− phenotype before and after overt hypertrophy. cMyBP-C−/− hearts showed elevated cell cycling at PND1 that transitioned to hypertrophy by PND9. An expanded time course revealed that increased cardiomyocyte cycling was associated with elevated heart weight to body weight ratios prior to cellular hypertrophy, suggesting that cell cycling resulted in cardiomyocyte proliferation. Animals heterozygous for the cMyBP-C deletion trended in the direction of the homozygous null, yet did not show increased heart size by PND9. Conclusions: Results indicate that altered regulation of the cell cycling pathway and elevated proliferation precedes hypertrophy in the cMyBP-C−/− HCM model, and suggests that increased cardiomyocyte number contributes to increased heart size in cMyBP-C−/− mice. This pre-hypertrophic period may reflect a unique time during which the commitment to HCM is determined and disease severity is influenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily T Farrell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, WI, United States
| | - Adrian C Grimes
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, WI, United States
| | - Willem J de Lange
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, WI, United States
| | - Annie E Armstrong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, WI, United States
| | - J Carter Ralphe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, WI, United States
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35
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Abstract
The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key regulator of cellular and whole-body energy homeostasis, which acts to restore energy homoeostasis whenever cellular energy charge is depleted. Over the last 2 decades, it has become apparent that AMPK regulates several other cellular functions and has specific roles in cardiovascular tissues, acting to regulate cardiac metabolism and contractile function, as well as promoting anticontractile, anti-inflammatory, and antiatherogenic actions in blood vessels. In this review, we discuss the role of AMPK in the cardiovascular system, including the molecular basis of mutations in AMPK that alter cardiac physiology and the proposed mechanisms by which AMPK regulates vascular function under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian P Salt
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom (I.P.S.); and Division of Cell Signalling & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom (D.G.H.).
| | - D Grahame Hardie
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom (I.P.S.); and Division of Cell Signalling & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom (D.G.H.)
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36
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A novel PRKAG2 mutation in a Chinese family with cardiac hypertrophy and ventricular pre-excitation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2407. [PMID: 28546535 PMCID: PMC5445094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02455-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PRKAG2 syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant inherited disorder that is characterized by cardiac hypertrophy, ventricular pre-excitation and conduction system abnormalities. There is little knowledge in cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) characteristics of PRKAG2 cardiomyopathy. This study investigated the genetic defect in a three-generation Chinese family with cardiac hypertrophy and ventricular pre-excitation using whole-exome sequencing. A novel missense mutation, c.1006 G > T (p.V336L), was identified in PRKAG2. This mutation had not been identified in the ExAC database, and the prediction result of MutationTaster indicated a deleterious effect. Furthermore, it cosegregated with the disease in the present family and was absent in unrelated 300 healthy controls. cDNA analysis did not detect any splicing defects, although the variant occurred in the first base of exon 9. CMR evaluation in five affected members showed diffuse hypertrophy in a concentric pattern, with markedly increased left ventricular mass above age and gender limits (median 151.3 g/m2, range 108.4–233.4 g/m2). Two patients in progressive stage and one patient with sudden cardiac death exhibited extensive subendocardial late gadolinium enhancement. In conclusion, molecular screening for PRKAG2 mutations should be considered in patients who exhibit cardiac hypertrophy coexisting with ventricular pre-excitation. CMR offers promising advantages for evaluation of PRKAG2 cardiomyopathy.
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37
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Li T, Jiang S, Yang Z, Ma Z, Yi W, Wang D, Yang Y. Targeting the energy guardian AMPK: another avenue for treating cardiomyopathy? Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:1413-1429. [PMID: 27815596 PMCID: PMC11107559 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2407-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a pivotal regulator of endogenous defensive molecules in various pathological processes. The AMPK signaling regulates a variety of intracellular intermedial molecules involved in biological reactions, including glycogen metabolism, protein synthesis, and cardiac fibrosis, in response to hypertrophic stimuli. Studies have revealed that the activation of AMPK performs a protective role in cardiovascular diseases, whereas its function in cardiac hypertrophy and cardiomyopathy remains elusive and poorly understood. In view of the current evidence of AMPK, we introduce the biological information of AMPK and cardiac hypertrophy as well as some upstream activators of AMPK. Next, we discuss two important types of cardiomyopathy involving AMPK, RKAG2 cardiomyopathy, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Eventually, therapeutic research, genetic screening, conflicts, obstacles, challenges, and potential directions are also highlighted in this review, aimed at providing a comprehensive understanding of AMPK for readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Dongjin Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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38
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Sun X, Han Q, Luo H, Pan X, Ji Y, Yang Y, Chen H, Wang F, Lai W, Guan X, Zhang Q, Tang Y, Chu J, Yu J, Shou W, Deng Y, Li X. Profiling analysis of long non-coding RNAs in early postnatal mouse hearts. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43485. [PMID: 28266538 PMCID: PMC5339910 DOI: 10.1038/srep43485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cardiomyocytes undergo a critical hyperplastic-to-hypertrophic growth transition at early postnatal age, which is important in establishing normal physiological function of postnatal hearts. In the current study, we intended to explore the role of long non-coding (lnc) RNAs in this transitional stage. We analyzed lncRNA expression profiles in mouse hearts at postnatal day (P) 1, P7 and P28 via microarray. We identified 1,146 differentially expressed lncRNAs with more than 2.0-fold change when compared the expression profiles of P1 to P7, P1 to P28, and P7 to P28. The neighboring genes of these differentially expressed lncRNAs were mainly involved in DNA replication-associated biological processes. We were particularly interested in one novel cardiac-enriched lncRNA, ENSMUST00000117266, whose expression was dramatically down-regulated from P1 to P28 and was also sensitive to hypoxia, paraquat, and myocardial infarction. Knockdown ENSMUST00000117266 led to a significant increase of neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes in G0/G1 phase and reduction in G2/M phase, suggesting that ENSMUST00000117266 is involved in regulating cardiomyocyte proliferative activity and is likely associated with hyperplastic-to-hypertrophic growth transition. In conclusion, our data have identified a large group of lncRNAs presented in the early postnatal mouse heart. Some of these lncRNAs may have important functions in cardiac hyperplastic-to-hypertrophic growth transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongshan Sun
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Han
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongqin Luo
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaodong Pan
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Ji
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Yang
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hanying Chen
- Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Fangjie Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjing Lai
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Guan
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Tang
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianhong Chu
- Suzhou Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Weinian Shou
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Youcai Deng
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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39
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Hinson JT, Chopra A, Lowe A, Sheng CC, Gupta RM, Kuppusamy R, O'Sullivan J, Rowe G, Wakimoto H, Gorham J, Burke MA, Zhang K, Musunuru K, Gerszten RE, Wu SM, Chen CS, Seidman JG, Seidman CE. Integrative Analysis of PRKAG2 Cardiomyopathy iPS and Microtissue Models Identifies AMPK as a Regulator of Metabolism, Survival, and Fibrosis. Cell Rep 2016; 17:3292-3304. [PMID: 28009297 PMCID: PMC5193246 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a metabolic enzyme that can be activated by nutrient stress or genetic mutations. Missense mutations in the regulatory subunit, PRKAG2, activate AMPK and cause left ventricular hypertrophy, glycogen accumulation, and ventricular pre-excitation. Using human iPS cell models combined with three-dimensional cardiac microtissues, we show that activating PRKAG2 mutations increase microtissue twitch force by enhancing myocyte survival. Integrating RNA sequencing with metabolomics, PRKAG2 mutations that activate AMPK remodeled global metabolism by regulating RNA transcripts to favor glycogen storage and oxidative metabolism instead of glycolysis. As in patients with PRKAG2 cardiomyopathy, iPS cell and mouse models are protected from cardiac fibrosis, and we define a crosstalk between AMPK and post-transcriptional regulation of TGFβ isoform signaling that has implications in fibrotic forms of cardiomyopathy. Our results establish critical connections among metabolic sensing, myocyte survival, and TGFβ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Travis Hinson
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
| | - Anant Chopra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andre Lowe
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Calvin C Sheng
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rajat M Gupta
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rajarajan Kuppusamy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - John O'Sullivan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Glenn Rowe
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Hiroko Wakimoto
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joshua Gorham
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael A Burke
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kehan Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kiran Musunuru
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sean M Wu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Christopher S Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Christine E Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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40
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Xin Z, Ma Z, Jiang S, Wang D, Fan C, Di S, Hu W, Li T, She J, Yang Y. FOXOs in the impaired heart: New therapeutic targets for cardiac diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1863:486-498. [PMID: 27890702 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac diseases have a high morbidity and mortality and affect the global population. Based on recent accumulating evidence, Forkhead box O (FOXOs) play important roles in cardiac diseases. Therefore, a summary of the current literature on the molecular mechanisms and roles of FOXOs in the heart will provide valuable information. In this review, we first briefly introduce the molecular features of FOXOs. Then, we discuss the regulation and cardiac actions of the FOXO pathways. Based on this background, we expand our discussion to the roles of FOXOs in several major cardiac diseases, such as ischemic cardiac diseases, diabetic cardiomyopathy and myocardial hypertrophy. Then, we describe some methodological problems associated with the FOXO gene-modified animal models. Finally, we discuss potential future directions. The information reviewed here may be significant for the design of future studies and may increase the potential of FOXOs as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlong Xin
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Dongjin Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chongxi Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Shouyin Di
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Junjun She
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
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41
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Yang X, Mudgett J, Bou-About G, Champy MF, Jacobs H, Monassier L, Pavlovic G, Sorg T, Herault Y, Petit-Demoulière B, Lu K, Feng W, Wang H, Ma LJ, Askew R, Erion MD, Kelley DE, Myers RW, Li C, Guan HP. Physiological Expression of AMPKγ2RG Mutation Causes Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome and Induces Kidney Injury in Mice. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:23428-23439. [PMID: 27621313 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.738591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the AMP-activated kinase gamma 2 subunit (AMPKγ2), N488I (AMPKγ2NI) and R531G (AMPKγ2RG), are associated with Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, a cardiac disorder characterized by ventricular pre-excitation in humans. Cardiac-specific transgenic overexpression of human AMPKγ2NI or AMPKγ2RG leads to constitutive AMPK activation and the WPW phenotype in mice. However, overexpression of these mutant proteins also caused profound, non-physiological increase in cardiac glycogen, which might abnormally alter the true phenotype. To investigate whether physiological levels of AMPKγ2NI or AMPKγ2RG mutation cause WPW syndrome and metabolic changes in other organs, we generated two knock-in mouse lines on the C57BL/6N background harboring mutations of human AMPKγ2NI and AMPKγ2RG, respectively. Similar to the reported phenotypes of mice overexpressing AMPKγ2NI or AMPKγ2RG in the heart, both lines developed WPW syndrome and cardiac hypertrophy; however, these effects were independent of cardiac glycogen accumulation. Compared with AMPKγ2WT mice, AMPKγ2NI and AMPKγ2RG mice exhibited reduced body weight, fat mass, and liver steatosis when fed with a high fat diet (HFD). Surprisingly, AMPKγ2RG but not AMPKγ2NI mice fed with an HFD exhibited severe kidney injury characterized by glycogen accumulation, inflammation, apoptosis, cyst formation, and impaired renal function. These results demonstrate that expression of AMPKγ2NI and AMPKγ2RG mutations at physiological levels can induce beneficial metabolic effects but that this is accompanied by WPW syndrome. Our data also reveal an unexpected effect of AMPKγ2RG in the kidney, linking lifelong constitutive activation of AMPK to a potential risk for kidney dysfunction in the context of an HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ghina Bou-About
- the Institut Clinique de la Souris, PHENOMIN, Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et Médecine GIE (Groupement d'Intérêt Economique), CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France, and
| | - Marie-France Champy
- the Institut Clinique de la Souris, PHENOMIN, Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et Médecine GIE (Groupement d'Intérêt Economique), CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France, and
| | - Hugues Jacobs
- the Institut Clinique de la Souris, PHENOMIN, Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et Médecine GIE (Groupement d'Intérêt Economique), CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France, and
| | - Laurent Monassier
- the Laboratory of Neurobiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology Department, EA 7296, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Guillaume Pavlovic
- the Institut Clinique de la Souris, PHENOMIN, Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et Médecine GIE (Groupement d'Intérêt Economique), CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France, and
| | - Tania Sorg
- the Institut Clinique de la Souris, PHENOMIN, Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et Médecine GIE (Groupement d'Intérêt Economique), CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France, and
| | - Yann Herault
- the Institut Clinique de la Souris, PHENOMIN, Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et Médecine GIE (Groupement d'Intérêt Economique), CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France, and
| | - Benoit Petit-Demoulière
- the Institut Clinique de la Souris, PHENOMIN, Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et Médecine GIE (Groupement d'Intérêt Economique), CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France, and
| | - Ku Lu
- From the Departments of Cardiometabolic Disease
| | - Wen Feng
- From the Departments of Cardiometabolic Disease
| | - Hongwu Wang
- Kenilworth Chemistry and Modeling Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories (MRL), Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033
| | - Li-Jun Ma
- From the Departments of Cardiometabolic Disease
| | | | | | | | | | - Cai Li
- From the Departments of Cardiometabolic Disease
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42
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Zhao L, Fan C, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Wang D, Deng C, Hu W, Ma Z, Jiang S, Di S, Qin Z, Lv J, Sun Y, Yi W. Adiponectin enhances bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell resistance to flow shear stress through AMP-activated protein kinase signaling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28752. [PMID: 27418435 PMCID: PMC4945870 DOI: 10.1038/srep28752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin has been demonstrated to protect the cardiovascular system and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). However, it is unclear whether adiponectin can protect BMSCs against flow shear stress (FSS). In this study, our aim was to explore the effects of adiponectin on BMSCs and to explore the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling in this process. Shear stress significantly inhibits the survival and increases the apoptosis of BMSCs in an intensity-dependent manner. The expression levels of TGF-β, bFGF, VEGF, PDGF, and Bcl2 are simultaneously reduced, and the phosphorylation levels of AMPK and ACC, as well as the expression level of Bax, are increased. Supplementation with adiponectin promotes the survival of BMSCs; reverses the changes in the expression levels of TGF-β, bFGF, VEGF, PDGF, Bcl2, and Bax; and further amplifies the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC. Furthermore, the protective effects of adiponectin can be partially neutralized by AMPK siRNA. In summary, we have demonstrated for the first time that adiponectin can effectively protect BMSCs from FSS and that this effect depends, at least in part, on the activation of AMPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Chongxi Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Dongjin Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shouyi Di
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Zhigang Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jianjun Lv
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
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43
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Bairwa SC, Parajuli N, Dyck JRB. The role of AMPK in cardiomyocyte health and survival. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:2199-2210. [PMID: 27412473 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cellular energy homeostasis is a fundamental process that governs the overall health of the cell and is paramount to cell survival. Central to this is the control of ATP generation and utilization, which is regulated by a complex myriad of enzymatic reactions controlling cellular metabolism. In the cardiomyocyte, ATP generated from substrate catabolism is used for numerous cellular processes including maintaining ionic homeostasis, cell repair, protein synthesis and turnover, organelle turnover, and contractile function. In many instances, cardiovascular disease is associated with impaired cardiac energetics and thus the signalling that regulates pathways involved in cardiomyocyte metabolism may be potential targets for pharmacotherapy designed to help treat cardiovascular disease. An important regulator of cardiomyocyte energy homeostasis is adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is a serine-threonine kinase that functions primarily as a metabolic sensor to coordinate anabolic and catabolic activities in the cell via the phosphorylation of multiple proteins involved in metabolic pathways. In addition to the direct role that AMPK plays in the regulation of cardiomyocyte metabolism, AMPK can also either directly or indirectly influence other cellular processes such as regulating mitochondrial function, post-translation acetylation, autophagy, mitophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis. Thus, AMPK is implicated in the control of a wide variety of cellular processes that can influence cardiomyocyte health and survival. In this review, we will discuss the important role that AMPK plays in regulating cardiac metabolism, as well as the additional cellular processes that may contribute to cardiomyocyte function and survival in the healthy and the diseased heart. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: The role of post-translational protein modifications on heart and vascular metabolism edited by Jason R.B. Dyck & Jan. F.C. Glatz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh C Bairwa
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nirmal Parajuli
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jason R B Dyck
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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44
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Porto AG, Brun F, Severini GM, Losurdo P, Fabris E, Taylor MRG, Mestroni L, Sinagra G. Clinical Spectrum of PRKAG2 Syndrome. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2016; 9:e003121. [PMID: 26729852 DOI: 10.1161/circep.115.003121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Giuseppe Porto
- Cardiovascular Department "Ospedali Riuniti and University of Trieste", IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca Brun
- Cardiovascular Department "Ospedali Riuniti and University of Trieste", IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maria Severini
- Molecular Medicine Department, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Pasquale Losurdo
- Cardiovascular Department "Ospedali Riuniti and University of Trieste", IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Enrico Fabris
- Cardiovascular Department "Ospedali Riuniti and University of Trieste", IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Matthew R G Taylor
- Cardiovascular Institute and Adult Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Luisa Mestroni
- Cardiovascular Institute and Adult Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Cardiovascular Department "Ospedali Riuniti and University of Trieste", IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
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45
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Abstract
AMPK is an evolutionary conserved energy sensor involved in the regulation of energy metabolism. Based on biochemical studies, AMPK has brought much of interest in recent years due to its potential impact on metabolic disorders. Suitable animal models are therefore essential to promote our understanding of the molecular and functional roles of AMPK but also to bring novel information for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. The organism systems include pig (Sus scrofa), mouse (Mus musculus), fly (Drosophila melanogaster), worm (Caenorhabditis elegans), and fish (Danio rerio) models. These animal models have provided reliable experimental evidence demonstrating the crucial role of AMPK in the regulation of metabolism but also of cell polarity, autophagy, and oxidative stress. In this chapter, we update the new development in the generation and application of animal models for the study of AMPK biology. We also discuss recent breakthroughs from studies in mice, flies, and worms showing how AMPK has a primary role in initiating or promoting pathological or beneficial impact on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Viollet
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France. .,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France. .,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Marc Foretz
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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46
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Ha J, Guan KL, Kim J. AMPK and autophagy in glucose/glycogen metabolism. Mol Aspects Med 2015; 46:46-62. [PMID: 26297963 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glucose/glycogen metabolism is a primary metabolic pathway acting on a variety of cellular needs, such as proliferation, growth, and survival against stresses. The multiple regulatory mechanisms underlying a specific metabolic fate have been documented and explained the molecular basis of various pathophysiological conditions, including metabolic disorders and cancers. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been appreciated for many years as a central metabolic regulator to inhibit energy-consuming pathways as well as to activate the compensating energy-producing programs. In fact, glucose starvation is a potent physiological AMPK activating condition, in which AMPK triggers various subsequent metabolic events depending on cells or tissues. Of note, the recent studies show bidirectional interplay between AMPK and glycogen. A growing number of studies have proposed additional level of metabolic regulation by a lysosome-dependent catabolic program, autophagy. Autophagy is a critical degradative pathway not only for maintenance of cellular homeostasis to remove potentially dangerous constituents, such as protein aggregates and dysfunctional subcellular organelles, but also for adaptive responses to metabolic stress, such as nutrient starvation. Importantly, many lines of evidence indicate that autophagy is closely connected with nutrient signaling modules, including AMPK, to fine-tune the metabolic pathways in response to many different cellular cues. In this review, we introduce the studies demonstrating the role of AMPK and autophagy in glucose/glycogen metabolism. Also, we describe the recent advances on their contributions to the metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Research Center and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Joungmok Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Tissue Regeneration, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Sung MM, Zordoky BN, Bujak AL, Lally JSV, Fung D, Young ME, Horman S, Miller EJ, Light PE, Kemp BE, Steinberg GR, Dyck JRB. AMPK deficiency in cardiac muscle results in dilated cardiomyopathy in the absence of changes in energy metabolism. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 107:235-45. [PMID: 26023060 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is thought to be a central player in regulating myocardial metabolism and its activation has been shown to inhibit cardiac hypertrophy. Recently, mice with muscle-specific deletion of AMPK β1/β2 subunits (AMPKβ1β2-deficient mice, β1β2M-KO) have been generated and possess <10% of normal AMPK activity in muscle. However, how/if dramatic AMPK deficiency alters cardiac metabolism, function, or morphology has not been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether a significant loss of AMPK activity alters cardiac function, metabolism, and hypertrophy, and whether this may play a role in the pathogenesis of heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS β1β2M-KO mice exhibit an approximate 25% reduction in systolic and diastolic function compared with wild-type (WT) littermates. Despite the well-documented role of AMPK in controlling myocardial energy metabolism, there was no difference in basal glucose and fatty acid oxidation rates between β1β2M-KO and WT mice. However, there was reduced AMPK-mediated phosphorylation of troponin I in β1β2M-KO and reduced ventricular cell shortening in the presence of low Ca(2+), which may explain the impaired cardiac function in these mice. Interestingly, β1β2M-KO mice did not display any signs of compensatory cardiac hypertrophy, which could be attributed to impaired activation of p38 MAPK. CONCLUSIONS β1β2M-KO mice display evidence of dilated cardiomyopathy. This is the first mouse model of AMPK deficiency that demonstrates cardiac dysfunction in the absence of pathological stress and provides insights into the role of AMPK in regulating myocardial function, metabolism, hypertrophy, and the progression to heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda M Sung
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 458 Heritage Medical Research Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2S2
| | - Beshay N Zordoky
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 458 Heritage Medical Research Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2S2
| | - Adam L Bujak
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - James S V Lally
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - David Fung
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 458 Heritage Medical Research Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2S2
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sandrine Horman
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle de Recherche Cardio-Vasculaire, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Peter E Light
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Bruce E Kemp
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Jason R B Dyck
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 458 Heritage Medical Research Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2S2
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48
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Biesemann N, Braun T. Response to letter regarding article, "Myostatin regulates energy homeostasis in the heart and prevents heart failure". Circ Res 2015; 116:e97-8. [PMID: 25953928 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.306486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Biesemann
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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49
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Jensen TE, Ross FA, Kleinert M, Sylow L, Knudsen JR, Hardie DG, Richter EA. PT-1 selectively activates AMPK-γ1 complexes in mouse skeletal muscle, but activates all three γ subunit complexes in cultured human cells by inhibiting the respiratory chain. Biochem J 2015; 467:461-72. [PMID: 25695398 PMCID: PMC5689378 DOI: 10.1042/bj20141142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) occurs as heterotrimeric complexes in which a catalytic subunit (α1/α2) is bound to one of two β subunits (β1/β2) and one of three γ subunits (γ1/γ2/γ3). The ability to selectively activate specific isoforms would be a useful research tool and a promising strategy to combat diseases such as cancer and Type 2 diabetes. We report that the AMPK activator PT-1 selectively increased the activity of γ1- but not γ3-containing complexes in incubated mouse muscle. PT-1 increased the AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of the autophagy-regulating kinase ULK1 (unc-51-like autophagy-activating kinase 1) on Ser555, but not proposed AMPK-γ3 substrates such as Ser231 on TBC1 (tre-2/USP6, BUB2, cdc16) domain family, member 1 (TBC1D1) or Ser212 on acetyl-CoA carboxylase subunit 2 (ACC2), nor did it stimulate glucose transport. Surprisingly, however, in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells expressing human γ1, γ2 or γ3, PT-1 activated all three complexes equally. We were unable to reproduce previous findings suggesting that PT-1 activates AMPK by direct binding between the kinase and auto-inhibitory domains (AIDs) of the α subunit. We show instead that PT-1 activates AMPK indirectly by inhibiting the respiratory chain and increasing cellular AMP:ATP and/or ADP:ATP ratios. Consistent with this mechanism, PT-1 failed to activate AMPK in HEK293 cells expressing an AMP-insensitive R299G mutant of AMPK-γ1. We propose that the failure of PT-1 to activate γ3-containing complexes in muscle is not an intrinsic feature of such complexes, but is because PT-1 does not increase cellular AMP:ATP ratios in the specific subcellular compartment(s) in which γ3 complexes are located.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E. Jensen
- Corresponding author: Thomas E. Jensen, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Universitetsparken 13, 307, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, , (+45)-30593437
| | - Fiona A. Ross
- Division of Cell Signalling & Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Maximilian Kleinert
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lykke Sylow
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas R. Knudsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D. Grahame Hardie
- Division of Cell Signalling & Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Erik A. Richter
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Smith LE, White MY. The role of post-translational modifications in acute and chronic cardiovascular disease. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 8:506-21. [PMID: 24961403 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) in one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide, accounting for both primary diseases of the heart and vasculature and arising as a co-morbidity with numerous pathologies, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). There has been significant emphasis on the role of the genome in CVD, aiding in the definition of 'at-risk' patients. The extent of disease penetrance however, can be influenced by environmental factors that are not detectable by investigating the genome alone. By targeting the transcriptome in response to CVD, the interplay between genome and environment is more apparent, however this implies the level of protein expression without reference to proteolytic turnover, or potentially more importantly, without defining the role of PTMs in the development of disease. Here, we discuss the role of both brief and irreversible PTMs in the setting of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Key proteins involved in calcium regulation have been observed as differentially modified by phosphorylation/O-GlcNAcylation or phosphorylation/redox modifications, with the level of interplay dependent on the physiological or pathophysiological state. The ability to modify crucial sites to produce the desired functional output is modulated by the presence of other PTMs as exemplified in the T2DM heart, where hyperglycemia results in aberrant O-GlcNAcylation and advanced glycation end products. By using the signalling events predicted to be critical to post-conditioning, an intervention with great promise for the cardioprotection of the ischemia/reperfusion injured heart, as an example, we discuss the level of PTMs and their interplay. The inability of post-conditioning to protect the diabetic heart may be regulated by aberrant PTMs influencing those sites necessary for protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Smith
- Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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