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Ortega-Rodriguez AC, Guerra de Blas PDC, Ramírez-Torres R, Martínez-Shio EB, Monsiváis-Urenda AE. Quantitative Analysis of Innate Lymphoid Cells in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Immunol Invest 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38700235 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2024.2316052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the principal causes of death in Mexico and worldwide. AMI triggers an acute inflammatory process that induces the activation of different populations of the innate immune system. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are an innate immunity, highly pleiotropic population, which have been observed to participate in tissue repair and polarization of the adaptive immune response. OBJECTIVE We aimed to analyze the levels of subsets of ILCs in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), immediately 3 and 6 months post-AMI, and analyze their correlation with clinical parameters. RESULTS We evaluated 29 STEMI patients and 15 healthy controls and analyzed the different subsets of circulating ILCs, immediately 3 and 6 months post-AMI. We observed higher levels of circulating ILCs in STEMI patients compared to control subjects and a significant correlation between ILC levels and cardiac function. We also found increased production of the cytokines interleukin 5 (IL-5) and interleukin 17A (IL-17A), produced by ILC2 cells and by ILC3 cells, respectively, in the STEMI patients. CONCLUSION This study shows new evidence of the role of ILCs in the pathophysiology of AMI and their possible involvement in the maintenance of cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Celeste Ortega-Rodriguez
- Medicina Molecular y Traslacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Paola Del Carmen Guerra de Blas
- Coordinating Center, The Mexican Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Network (LaRed), Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Infectología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Ramírez-Torres
- Medicina Molecular y Traslacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Elena B Martínez-Shio
- Medicina Molecular y Traslacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Adriana E Monsiváis-Urenda
- Medicina Molecular y Traslacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
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2
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Lin DW, Yang TM, Ho C, Shih YH, Lin CL, Hsu YC. Targeting Macrophages: Therapeutic Approaches in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4350. [PMID: 38673935 PMCID: PMC11050450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is not solely a metabolic disorder but also involves inflammatory processes. The immune response it incites is a primary contributor to damage in target organs. Research indicates that during the initial phases of diabetic nephropathy, macrophages infiltrate the kidneys alongside lymphocytes, initiating a cascade of inflammatory reactions. The interplay between macrophages and other renal cells is pivotal in the advancement of kidney disease within a hyperglycemic milieu. While M1 macrophages react to the inflammatory stimuli induced by elevated glucose levels early in the disease progression, their subsequent transition to M2 macrophages, which possess anti-inflammatory and tissue repair properties, also contributes to fibrosis in the later stages of nephropathy by transforming into myofibroblasts. Comprehending the diverse functions of macrophages in diabetic kidney disease and regulating their activity could offer therapeutic benefits for managing this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Martin De Porres Hospital, Chiayi City 60069, Taiwan;
| | - Tsung-Ming Yang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng Ho
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsueh Shih
- Departments of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan
- Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Liang Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan;
- Departments of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan
- Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10507, Taiwan
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chien Hsu
- Departments of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan
- Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
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3
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Sansonetti M, Al Soodi B, Thum T, Jung M. Macrophage-based therapeutic approaches for cardiovascular diseases. Basic Res Cardiol 2024; 119:1-33. [PMID: 38170281 PMCID: PMC10837257 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite the advances in treatment options, cardiovascular disease (CVDs) remains the leading cause of death over the world. Chronic inflammatory response and irreversible fibrosis are the main underlying pathophysiological causes of progression of CVDs. In recent decades, cardiac macrophages have been recognized as main regulatory players in the development of these complex pathophysiological conditions. Numerous approaches aimed at macrophages have been devised, leading to novel prospects for therapeutic interventions. Our review covers the advancements in macrophage-centric treatment plans for various pathologic conditions and examines the potential consequences and obstacles of employing macrophage-targeted techniques in cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marida Sansonetti
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bashar Al Soodi
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- REBIRTH-Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Mira Jung
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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4
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Shook PL, Singh M, Singh K. Macrophages in the Inflammatory Phase following Myocardial Infarction: Role of Exogenous Ubiquitin. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1258. [PMID: 37759657 PMCID: PMC10526096 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. One of the most common implications of CVD is myocardial infarction (MI). Following MI, the repair of the infarcted heart occurs through three distinct, yet overlapping phases of inflammation, proliferation, and maturation. Macrophages are essential to the resolution of the inflammatory phase due to their role in phagocytosis and efferocytosis. However, excessive and long-term macrophage accumulation at the area of injury and dysregulated function can induce adverse cardiac remodeling post-MI. Ubiquitin (UB) is a highly evolutionarily conserved small protein and is a normal constituent of plasma. Levels of UB are increased in the plasma during a variety of pathological conditions, including ischemic heart disease. Treatment of mice with UB associates with decreased inflammatory response and improved heart function following ischemia/reperfusion injury. This review summarizes the role of macrophages in the infarct healing process of the heart post-MI, and discusses the role of exogenous UB in myocardial remodeling post-MI and in the modulation of macrophage phenotype and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige L. Shook
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA; (P.L.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Mahipal Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA; (P.L.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Krishna Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA; (P.L.S.); (M.S.)
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- James H. Quillen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Mountain Home, TN 37684, USA
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5
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Bhagat A, Shrestha P, Kleinerman ES. The Innate Immune System in Cardiovascular Diseases and Its Role in Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314649. [PMID: 36498974 PMCID: PMC9739741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells are the early responders to infection and tissue damage. They play a critical role in the initiation and resolution of inflammation in response to insult as well as tissue repair. Following ischemic or non-ischemic cardiac injury, a strong inflammatory response plays a critical role in the removal of cell debris and tissue remodeling. However, persistent inflammation could be detrimental to the heart. Studies suggest that cardiac inflammation and tissue repair needs to be tightly regulated such that the timely resolution of the inflammation may prevent adverse cardiac damage. This involves the recognition of damage; activation and release of soluble mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, and proteases; and immune cells such as monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils. This is important in the context of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity as well. Doxorubicin (Dox) is an effective chemotherapy against multiple cancers but at the cost of cardiotoxicity. The innate immune system has emerged as a contributor to exacerbate the disease. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the role of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and dox-induced cardiotoxicity and provide potential therapeutic targets to alleviate the damage.
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6
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Tomimatsu M, Matsumoto K, Ashizuka M, Kumagai S, Tanaka S, Nakae T, Yokota K, Kominami S, Kajiura R, Okuzaki D, Motooka D, Shiraishi A, Abe T, Matsuda H, Okada Y, Maeda M, Seno S, Obana M, Fujio Y. Myeloid cell-specific ablation of Runx2 gene exacerbates post-infarct cardiac remodeling. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16656. [PMID: 36198906 PMCID: PMC9534857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21202-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), a regulator of osteoblast differentiation, is pathologically involved in vascular calcification; however, the significance of Runx2 in cardiac homeostasis remains unclear. Here, we investigated the roles of Runx2 in cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). The expression of Runx2 mRNA and protein was upregulated in murine hearts after MI. Runx2 was expressed in heart-infiltrating myeloid cells, especially in macrophages, at the border zone of post-infarct myocardium. To analyze the biological functions of Runx2 in cardiac remodeling, myeloid cell-specific Runx2 deficient (CKO) mice were exposed to MI. After MI, ventricular weight/tibia length ratio was increased in CKO mice, concomitant with severe cardiac dysfunction. Cardiac fibrosis was exacerbated in CKO mice, consistent with the upregulation of collagen 1a1 expression. Mechanistically, immunohistochemical analysis using anti-CD31 antibody showed that capillary density was decreased in CKO mice. Additionally, conditioned culture media of myeloid cells from Runx2 deficient mice exposed to MI induced the tube formation of vascular endothelial cells to a lesser extent than those from control mice. RNA-sequence showed that the expression of pro-angiogenic or anti-angiogenic factors was altered in macrophages from Runx2-deficient mice. Collectively, Runx2+ myeloid cells infiltrate into post-infarct myocardium and prevent adverse cardiac remodeling, at least partially, by regulating endothelial cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Tomimatsu
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kotaro Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Moe Ashizuka
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shohei Kumagai
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Tanaka
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Nakae
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosei Yokota
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kominami
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryota Kajiura
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Aki Shiraishi
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takaya Abe
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hideo Matsuda
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Okada
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makiko Maeda
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Medical Center for Translational Research, Department of Medical Innovation, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeto Seno
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanori Obana
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan. .,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan. .,Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics (MEI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan. .,Radioisotope Research Center, Institute for Radiation Science, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Fujio
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan. .,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
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7
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Sharifiaghdam M, Shaabani E, Faridi-Majidi R, De Smedt SC, Braeckmans K, Fraire JC. Macrophages as a therapeutic target to promote diabetic wound healing. Mol Ther 2022; 30:2891-2908. [PMID: 35918892 PMCID: PMC9482022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that macrophages are key regulators of wound healing, displaying impressive plasticity and an evolving phenotype, from an aggressive pro-inflammatory or "M1" phenotype to a pro-healing or "M2" phenotype, depending on the wound healing stage, to ensure proper healing. Because dysregulated macrophage responses have been linked to impaired healing of diabetic wounds, macrophages are being considered as a therapeutic target for improved wound healing. In this review, we first discuss the role of macrophages in a normal skin wound healing process and discuss the aberrations that occur in macrophages under diabetic conditions. Next we provide an overview of recent macrophage-based therapeutic approaches, including delivery of ex-vivo-activated macrophages and delivery of pharmacological strategies aimed at eliminating or re-educating local skin macrophages. In particular, we focus on strategies to silence key regulator genes to repolarize wound macrophages to the M2 phenotype, and we provide a discussion of their potential future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sharifiaghdam
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Shaabani
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Faridi-Majidi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Juan C Fraire
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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8
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Maldonado-Lasunción I, O’Neill N, Umland O, Verhaagen J, Oudega M. Macrophage-Derived Inflammation Induces a Transcriptome Makeover in Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Enhancing Their Potential for Tissue Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E781. [PMID: 33466704 PMCID: PMC7828776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-clinical and clinical studies revealed that mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) transplants elicit tissue repair. Conditioning MSC prior to transplantation may boost their ability to support repair. We investigated macrophage-derived inflammation as a means to condition MSC by comprehensively analyzing their transcriptome and secretome. Conditioning MSC with macrophage-derived inflammation resulted in 3208 differentially expressed genes, which were annotated with significantly enriched GO terms for 1085 biological processes, 85 cellular components, and 79 molecular functions. Inflammation-mediated conditioning increased the secretion of growth factors that are key for tissue repair, including vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, nerve growth factor and glial-derived neurotrophic factor. Furthermore, we found that inflammation-mediated conditioning induces transcriptomic changes that challenge the viability and mobility of MSC. Our data support the notion that macrophage-derived inflammation stimulates MSC to augment their paracrine repair-supporting activity. The results suggest that inflammatory pre-conditioning enhances the therapeutic potential of MSC transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Maldonado-Lasunción
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
- Department of Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam 1105 BA, The Netherlands;
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movements Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nick O’Neill
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Oliver Umland
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Joost Verhaagen
- Department of Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam 1105 BA, The Netherlands;
| | - Martin Oudega
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movements Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL 60141, USA
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9
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Wu YL. Cardiac MRI Assessment of Mouse Myocardial Infarction and Regeneration. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2158:81-106. [PMID: 32857368 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0668-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Small animal models are indispensable for cardiac regeneration research. Studies in mouse and rat models have provided important insights into the etiology and mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases and accelerated the development of therapeutic strategies. It is vitally important to be able to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and have reliable surrogate markers for therapeutic development for cardiac regeneration research. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a versatile and noninvasive imaging modality with excellent penetration depth, tissue coverage, and soft-tissue contrast, is becoming a more important tool in both clinical settings and research arenas. Cardiac MRI (CMR) is versatile, noninvasive, and capable of measuring many different aspects of cardiac functions, and, thus, is ideally suited to evaluate therapeutic efficacy for cardiac regeneration. CMR applications include assessment of cardiac anatomy, regional wall motion, myocardial perfusion, myocardial viability, cardiac function assessment, assessment of myocardial infarction, and myocardial injury. Myocardial infarction models in mice are commonly used model systems for cardiac regeneration research. In this chapter, we discuss various CMR applications to evaluate cardiac functions and inflammation after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijen L Wu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Rangos Research Center Animal Imaging Core, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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10
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Mia MM, Cibi DM, Abdul Ghani SAB, Song W, Tee N, Ghosh S, Mao J, Olson EN, Singh MK. YAP/TAZ deficiency reprograms macrophage phenotype and improves infarct healing and cardiac function after myocardial infarction. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000941. [PMID: 33264286 PMCID: PMC7735680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) causes structural and functional changes in the heart leading to heart failure. The initial post-MI pro-inflammatory response followed by reparative or anti-inflammatory response is essential for minimizing the myocardial damage, healing, and scar formation. Bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMDMs) are recruited to the injured myocardium and are essential for cardiac repair as they can adopt both pro-inflammatory or reparative phenotypes to modulate inflammatory and reparative responses, respectively. Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are the key mediators of the Hippo signaling pathway and are essential for cardiac regeneration and repair. However, their functions in macrophage polarization and post-MI inflammation, remodeling, and healing are not well established. Here, we demonstrate that expression of YAP and TAZ is increased in macrophages undergoing pro-inflammatory or reparative phenotype changes. Genetic deletion of YAP/TAZ leads to impaired pro-inflammatory and enhanced reparative response. Consistently, YAP activation enhanced pro-inflammatory and impaired reparative response. We show that YAP/TAZ promote pro-inflammatory response by increasing interleukin 6 (IL6) expression and impede reparative response by decreasing Arginase-I (Arg1) expression through interaction with the histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3)-nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCoR1) repressor complex. These changes in macrophages polarization due to YAP/TAZ deletion results in reduced fibrosis, hypertrophy, and increased angiogenesis, leading to improved cardiac function after MI. Also, YAP activation augmented MI-induced cardiac fibrosis and remodeling. In summary, we identify YAP/TAZ as important regulators of macrophage-mediated pro-inflammatory or reparative responses post-MI. Adverse cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction causes structural and functional changes in the heart, leading to heart failure. This study shows that the Hippo pathway influences post-injury cardiac inflammation by modulating macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masum M. Mia
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore. Singapore
| | - Dasan Mary Cibi
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore. Singapore
| | | | - Weihua Song
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicole Tee
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore. Singapore
| | - Junhao Mao
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eric N. Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Manvendra K. Singh
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore. Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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11
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Yonebayashi S, Tajiri K, Murakoshi N, Xu D, Li S, Feng D, Okabe Y, Yuan Z, Song Z, Aonuma K, Shibuya A, Aonuma K, Ieda M. MAIR-II deficiency ameliorates cardiac remodelling post-myocardial infarction by suppressing TLR9-mediated macrophage activation. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:14481-14490. [PMID: 33140535 PMCID: PMC7753988 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are fundamental components of inflammation in post‐myocardial infarction (MI) and contribute to adverse cardiac remodelling and heart failure. However, the regulatory mechanisms in macrophage activation have not been fully elucidated. Previous studies showed that myeloid‐associated immunoglobulin–like receptor II (MAIR‐II) is involved in inflammatory responses in macrophages. However, its role in MI is unknown. Thus, this study aimed to determine a novel role and mechanism of MAIR‐II in MI. We first identified that MAIR‐II–positive myeloid cells were abundant from post‐MI days 3 to 5 in infarcted hearts of C57BL/6J (WT) mice induced by permanent left coronary artery ligation. Compared to WT, MAIR‐II–deficient (Cd300c2−/−) mice had longer survival, ameliorated cardiac remodelling, improved cardiac function and smaller infarct sizes. Moreover, we detected lower pro‐inflammatory cytokine and fibrotic gene expressions in Cd300c2−/−‐infarcted hearts. These mice also had less infiltrating pro‐inflammatory macrophages following MI. To elucidate a novel molecular mechanism of MAIR‐II, we considered macrophage activation by Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 9–mediated inflammation. In vitro, we observed that Cd300c2−/− bone marrow–derived macrophages stimulated by a TLR9 agonist expressed less pro‐inflammatory cytokines compared to WT. In conclusion, MAIR‐II may enhance inflammation via TLR9‐mediated macrophage activation in MI, leading to adverse cardiac remodelling and poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Yonebayashi
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuko Tajiri
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Murakoshi
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Dongzhu Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Siqi Li
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Duo Feng
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuta Okabe
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Zixun Yuan
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Zonghu Song
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Aonuma
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akira Shibuya
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,R&D Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Aonuma
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masaki Ieda
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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12
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Roy S, Spinali K, Schmuck EG, Kink JA, Hematti P, Raval AN. Cardiac fibroblast derived matrix-educated macrophages express VEGF and IL-6, and recruit mesenchymal stromal cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 10. [PMID: 33564732 DOI: 10.1016/j.regen.2020.100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The polarization of monocytes into macrophages that possess anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic properties could provide a novel therapeutic strategy for patients who are at a high risk for developing heart failure following myocardial infarction (MI). Here in, we describe a novel method of "educating" monocytes into a distinct population of macrophages that exhibit anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic features through a 3-day culture on fibronectin-rich cardiac matrix (CX) manufactured using cultured human cardiac fibroblasts. Our data suggest that CX can educate monocytes into a unique macrophage population termed CX educated macrophages (CXMq) that secrete high levels of VEGF and IL-6. In vitro, CXMq also demonstrate the ability to recruit mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) with known anti-inflammatory properties. Selective inhibition of fibronectin binding to αVβ3 surface integrins on CXMq prevented MSC recruitment. This suggests that insoluble fibronectin within CX is, at least in part, responsible for CXMq conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmita Roy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Keith Spinali
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Eric G Schmuck
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - John A Kink
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Peiman Hematti
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Amish N Raval
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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13
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Al-Darraji A, Donahue RR, Tripathi H, Peng H, Levitan BM, Chelvarajan L, Haydar D, Gao E, Henson D, Gensel JC, Feola DJ, Venditto VJ, Abdel-Latif A. Liposomal delivery of azithromycin enhances its immunotherapeutic efficacy and reduces toxicity in myocardial infarction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16596. [PMID: 33024189 PMCID: PMC7538891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73593-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence shows that altering the inflammatory response by alternative macrophage polarization is protective against complications related to acute myocardial infarction (MI). We have previously shown that oral azithromycin (AZM), initiated prior to MI, reduces inflammation and its negative sequelae on the myocardium. Here, we investigated the immunomodulatory role of a liposomal AZM formulation (L-AZM) in a clinically relevant model to enhance its therapeutic potency and avoid off-target effects. L-AZM (40 or 10 mg/kg, IV) was administered immediately post-MI and compared to free AZM (F-AZM). L-AZM reduced cardiac toxicity and associated mortality by 50% in mice. We observed a significant shift favoring reparatory/anti-inflammatory macrophages with L-AZM formulation. L-AZM use resulted in a remarkable decrease in cardiac inflammatory neutrophils and the infiltration of inflammatory monocytes. Immune cell modulation was associated with the downregulation of pro-inflammatory genes and the upregulation of anti-inflammatory genes. The immunomodulatory effects of L-AZM were associated with a reduction in cardiac cell death and scar size as well as enhanced angiogenesis. Overall, L-AZM use enhanced cardiac recovery and survival after MI. Importantly, L-AZM was protective from F-AZM cardiac off-target effects. We demonstrate that the liposomal formulation of AZM enhances the drug’s efficacy and safety in an animal model of acute myocardial injury. This is the first study to establish the immunomodulatory properties of liposomal AZM formulations. Our findings strongly support clinical trials using L-AZM as a novel and clinically relevant therapeutic target to improve cardiac recovery and reduce heart failure post-MI in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al-Darraji
- Gill Heart and Vascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Renée R Donahue
- Gill Heart and Vascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Himi Tripathi
- Gill Heart and Vascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Hsuan Peng
- Gill Heart and Vascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Bryana M Levitan
- Gill Heart and Vascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lakshman Chelvarajan
- Gill Heart and Vascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Dalia Haydar
- College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Erhe Gao
- The Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Henson
- College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - John C Gensel
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - David J Feola
- College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Ahmed Abdel-Latif
- Gill Heart and Vascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. .,Division of Cardiology, University of Kentucky and the Lexington VAMC, 741 S. Limestone Street, BBSRB, Room 349, Lexington, KY, 40536-0509, USA.
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14
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Effect of high-intensity interval training on cardiac structure and function in rats with acute myocardial infarct. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110690. [PMID: 32890969 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise training is beneficial for cardiac rehabilitation. Nevertheless, few study focused on the role of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in cardiac repair. The current study aimed to elucidate the effect of HIIT on cardiac rehabilitation and the involved mechanisms after acute myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS A total of 65 male rats underwent coronary ligation or sham operation and were randomly assigned to 4 groups: sham (n = 10), sedentary (MI-Sed, n = 12), moderate-intensity continuous training (MI-MCT, n = 12) and HIIT (MI-HIIT, n = 12). One week after MI induction, adaptive training starts follow by formal training. After the experiment, cardiac functions were determined by echocardiography and hemodynamic measurements. Changes in infarct size, collagen accumulation, myofibroblasts, angiogenesis, inflammation level, endothelin-1 (ET-1), and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activities were measured. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. RESULTS After MI, cardiac structure and function were significantly deteriorated. However, post-MI HIIT for 8 weeks had significantly ameliorated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), LV systolic pressure (LVSP), and maximum peak velocities of relaxation (-dP/dtmax). Moreover, it preserved cardiac functions, reduced infarct size, protected the myocardium structure, increased angiogenesis and decreased the myofibroblasts and collagen accumulation. HIIT for 4 weeks had no effect on LVEDP, -dP/dtmax, infarct size and angiogenesis. Additionally, it induced inflammation response and repressed ET-1 and RAAS activities were found in myocardium and peripheral circulation after HIIT. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that post-MI HIIT had a positive role in cardiac repair, which might be linked with the induction of inflammation and inhibition of ET-1 and RAAS activities.
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15
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Liao Z, Li D, Chen Y, Li Y, Huang R, Zhu K, Chen H, Yuan Z, Zheng X, Zhao H, Pu Q, Qi X, Cai D. Early moderate exercise benefits myocardial infarction healing via improvement of inflammation and ventricular remodelling in rats. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:8328-8342. [PMID: 31612566 PMCID: PMC6850916 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thus far, the cellular and molecular mechanisms related to early (especially within 24 hours after acute myocardial infarct (MI)) exercise‐mediated beneficial effects on MI have not yet been thoroughly established. In the present study, we demonstrated that acute MI rats that underwent early moderate exercise training beginning one day after MI showed no increase in mortality and displayed significant improvements in MI healing and ventricular remodelling, including an improvement in cardiac function, a decrease in infarct size, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, cardiac fibrosis and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and an increase in myocardial angiogenesis, left ventricular wall thickness and the number of cardiac telocytes in the border zone. Integrated miRNA‐mRNA profiling analysis performed by the ingenuity pathway analysis system revealed that the inhibition of the TGFB1 regulatory network, activation of leucocytes and migration of leucocytes into the infarct zone comprise the molecular mechanism underlying early moderate exercise‐mediated improvements in cardiac fibrosis and the pathological inflammatory response. The findings of the present study demonstrate that early moderate exercise training beginning one day after MI is safe and leads to significantly enhanced MI healing and ventricular remodelling. Understanding the mechanism behind the positive effects of this early training protocol will help us to further tailor suitable cardiac rehabilitation programmes for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), The Ministry of Science and Technology & Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Jinan University Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), The Ministry of Science and Technology & Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Jinan University Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), The Ministry of Science and Technology & Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Jinan University Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunjian Li
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), The Ministry of Science and Technology & Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Jinan University Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruijin Huang
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kuikui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), The Ministry of Science and Technology & Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Jinan University Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), The Ministry of Science and Technology & Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Jinan University Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqiang Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson of Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Xin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), The Ministry of Science and Technology & Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Jinan University Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Stem cell and Regeneration TRP, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Qin Pu
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Xufeng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), The Ministry of Science and Technology & Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Jinan University Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongqing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), The Ministry of Science and Technology & Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Jinan University Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Grad E, Gutman D, Golomb M, Efraim R, Oppenheim A, Richter I, Danenberg HD, Golomb G. Monocyte Modulation by Liposomal Alendronate Improves Cardiac Healing in a Rat Model of Myocardial Infarction. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-019-00103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Xu JY, Xiong YY, Lu XT, Yang YJ. Regulation of Type 2 Immunity in Myocardial Infarction. Front Immunol 2019; 10:62. [PMID: 30761134 PMCID: PMC6362944 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 immunity participates in the pathogeneses of helminth infection and allergic diseases. Emerging evidence indicates that the components of type 2 immunity are also involved in maintaining metabolic hemostasis and facilitating the healing process after tissue injury. Numerous preclinical studies have suggested regulation of type 2 immunity-related cytokines, such as interleukin-4, -13, and -33, and cell types, such as M2 macrophages, mast cells, and eosinophils, affects cardiac functions after myocardial infarction (MI), providing new insights into the importance of immune modulation in the infarcted heart. This review provides an overview of the functions of these cytokines and cells in the setting of MI as well as their potential to predict the severity and prognosis of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Yan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Lu
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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18
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Lindsey ML, Ma Y, Flynn ER, Winniford MD, Hall ME, DeLeon-Pennell KY. Identifying the molecular and cellular signature of cardiac dilation following myocardial infarction. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:1845-1852. [PMID: 31109452 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Establishing molecular and cellular indicators that reflect the extent of dilation of the left ventricle (LV) after myocardial infarction (MI) may improve diagnostic and prognostic capabilities. We queried the Mouse Heart Attack Research Tool (mHART) 1.0 for day 7 post-MI mice (age 3-9 months, untreated males and females) with serial echocardiographic data at days 0, 1, and 7 (n = 51). Mice were classified into two subgroups determined by a median fold change of 1.6 in end-diastolic dimensions (EDD) normalized to pre-MI values; n = 26 fell below (moderate; mean of 1.42 ± 0.01) and n = 25 fell above this cut-off (extreme; mean of 1.79 ± 0.01; p < 0.001 vs. moderate). Plasma proteomic profiling of 34 analytes measured at day 7 post-MI from male mice (n = 12 moderate and 12 extreme) were evaluated as the test dataset, and receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was used to assess strength of biomarkers. Females (n = 6 moderate and 9 extreme) were used as the validation dataset. Both by t-test and characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, lower macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma (MIP-1γ), lymphotactin, and granulocyte chemotactic protein-2 (GCP-2) were identified as plasma indicators for dilation status (p < 0.05 for all). Macrophage numbers were decreased and complement C5, laminin 1, and Ccr8 gene levels were significantly higher in the LV infarcts of the extreme dilation group (p < 0.05 for all). A composite panel including plasma MIP-1γ, lymphotactin, and GCP-2, and LV infarct Ccr8 and macrophage numbers strongly mirrored LV dilation status (AUC = 0.92; p < 0.0001). Using the mHART 1.0 database, we determined that a failure to mount sufficient macrophage-mediated inflammation was indicative of exacerbated LV dilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merry L Lindsey
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; Research Service, G.V. (Sonny), Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1500 E Woodrow Wilson Ave, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Yonggang Ma
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Flynn
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Michael D Winniford
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Michael E Hall
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Kristine Y DeLeon-Pennell
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 109 Bee St, Charleston, SC 29401, USA; Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, 30 Courtenay Dr, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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19
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Ma Y, Mouton AJ, Lindsey ML. Cardiac macrophage biology in the steady-state heart, the aging heart, and following myocardial infarction. Transl Res 2018; 191:15-28. [PMID: 29106912 PMCID: PMC5846093 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages play critical roles in homeostatic maintenance of the myocardium under normal conditions and in tissue repair after injury. In the steady-state heart, resident cardiac macrophages remove senescent and dying cells and facilitate electrical conduction. In the aging heart, the shift in macrophage phenotype to a proinflammatory subtype leads to inflammaging. Following myocardial infarction (MI), macrophages recruited to the infarct produce both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators (cytokines, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and growth factors), phagocytize dead cells, and promote angiogenesis and scar formation. These diverse properties are attributed to distinct macrophage subtypes and polarization status. Infarct macrophages exhibit a proinflammatory M1 phenotype early and become polarized toward an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype later post-MI. Although this classification system is oversimplified and needs to be refined to accommodate the multiple different macrophage subtypes that have been recently identified, general concepts on macrophage roles are independent of subtype classification. This review summarizes current knowledge about cardiac macrophage origins, roles, and phenotypes in the steady state, with aging, and after MI, as well as highlights outstanding areas of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Ma
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Miss
| | - Alan J Mouton
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Miss
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Miss; Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, Miss.
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20
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Sommese L, Zullo A, Schiano C, Mancini FP, Napoli C. Possible Muscle Repair in the Human Cardiovascular System. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 13:170-191. [PMID: 28058671 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-016-9711-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The regenerative potential of tissues and organs could promote survival, extended lifespan and healthy life in multicellular organisms. Niches of adult stemness are widely distributed and lead to the anatomical and functional regeneration of the damaged organ. Conversely, muscular regeneration in mammals, and humans in particular, is very limited and not a single piece of muscle can fully regrow after a severe injury. Therefore, muscle repair after myocardial infarction is still a chimera. Recently, it has been recognized that epigenetics could play a role in tissue regrowth since it guarantees the maintenance of cellular identity in differentiated cells and, therefore, the stability of organs and tissues. The removal of these locks can shift a specific cell identity back to the stem-like one. Given the gradual loss of tissue renewal potential in the course of evolution, in the last few years many different attempts to retrieve such potential by means of cell therapy approaches have been performed in experimental models. Here we review pathways and mechanisms involved in the in vivo repair of cardiovascular muscle tissues in humans. Moreover, we address the ongoing research on mammalian cardiac muscle repair based on adult stem cell transplantation and pro-regenerative factor delivery. This latter issue, involving genetic manipulations of adult cells, paves the way for developing possible therapeutic strategies in the field of cardiovascular muscle repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Sommese
- Department of Internal and Specialty Medicine, U.O.C. Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Alberto Zullo
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy.,CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, s.c.ar.l, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Francesco P Mancini
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Department of Internal and Specialty Medicine, U.O.C. Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy.,IRCCS Foundation SDN, Naples, Italy
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21
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Smith TD, Nagalla RR, Chen EY, Liu WF. Harnessing macrophage plasticity for tissue regeneration. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 114:193-205. [PMID: 28449872 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are versatile and plastic effector cells of the immune system, and contribute to diverse immune functions including pathogen or apoptotic cell removal, inflammatory activation and resolution, and tissue healing. Macrophages function as signaling regulators and amplifiers, and influencing their activity is a powerful approach for controlling inflammation or inducing a wound-healing response in regenerative medicine. This review discusses biomaterials-based approaches for altering macrophage activity, approaches for targeting drugs to macrophages, and approaches for delivering macrophages themselves as a therapeutic intervention.
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22
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Wessely-Szponder J, Szponder T, Bobowiec R. Different activation of monocyte-derived macrophages by antimicrobial peptides at a titanium tibial implantation in rabbits. Res Vet Sci 2017; 115:201-210. [PMID: 28501649 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to assess the functional and morphological features of monocyte derived Mfs from rabbits with titanium (Ti) tibial implants, their ability to polarize towards M1 or M2 and their reactivity after stimulation with neutrophil antimicrobial peptides extract (AMP). The study was conducted on six White New Zealand rabbits with tibial implants of pure titanium Grade 2. Blood was taken before implantation and 14days after biomaterial implantation. Then, blood-derived Mfs were cultured and their function was assessed on the basis of morphological changes, generation of nitric oxide (NO), superoxide, and proteases release after treatment with LPS or dexamethasone (Dex). As a result of polarization we specified two subpopulations of Mfs with features characteristic of each subtype. M1 stimulated with LPS exhibited an increased NO and superoxide level, and M2 stimulated with Dex which showed higher arginase and lower free radical generation. Addition of AMP evoked further changes in Mfs morphology and function. After 24h stimulation with AMP an increase of NO was observed in all cultures, whereas after 48h it decreased. Production of superoxide lowered, especially after 48h, when M1 generated 6.00±0.2nM and M1/AMP culture generated 5.2±0.1nM of superoxide. Our study revealed that activated Mfs stimulated with AMP demonstrated both pro- and anti-inflammatory features. Moreover, we did not detect significant differences between the response of Mfs cultured from blood derived monocytes before and after implantation of Ti implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wessely-Szponder
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chair of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Szponder
- Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ryszard Bobowiec
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chair of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Poland
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23
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Wang Q, Zhu G, Cao X, Dong J, Song F, Niu Y. Blocking AGE-RAGE Signaling Improved Functional Disorders of Macrophages in Diabetic Wound. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:1428537. [PMID: 29119117 PMCID: PMC5651124 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1428537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) accumulate in diabetic wounds. Interactions between AGEs and their receptor (RAGE) leads to dermatologic problems in diabetes. Macrophage, which plays important roles in wound healing, highly expresses RAGE. Therefore, we investigated whether RAGE-expressing macrophages might be responsible for impaired wound healing on diabetes. We used anti-RAGE antibody applied topically on diabetic wounds. After confirming that wound healing was improved in anti-RAGE antibody group compared with normal mice, our results showed that macrophages appeared insufficient in the early stage and fading away slowly in the later proliferative phase compared with the control group, which was ameliorated in anti-RAGE antibody-applied wounds. Blocking AGE-RAGE signaling also increased neutrophils phagocytized by macrophages and promoted the phenotypic switch of macrophages from proinflammatory to prohealing activities. In vitro, phagocytosis of THP-1 (M0) and lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced (M1) macrophages was impaired by treatment with AGEs, while IL-4- and IL-13-induced (M2) macrophages was not. Finally, AGEs increased the proinflammatory response of M1 macrophages, while inhibiting the polarization and anti-inflammatory functions of M2 macrophages. In conclusion, inhibition of AGE-RAGE signaling improved functional disorders of macrophages in the early inflammatory phase, which promoted the healing of wounds in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Shanghai Burn Institute, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanya Zhu
- Shanghai Burn Institute, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaozan Cao
- Shanghai Burn Institute, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaoyun Dong
- Shanghai Burn Institute, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Song
- Shanghai Burn Institute, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Niu
- Shanghai Burn Institute, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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24
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Macrophages and regeneration: Lessons from the heart. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 58:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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25
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Kim YS, Jeong HY, Kim AR, Kim WH, Cho H, Um J, Seo Y, Kang WS, Jin SW, Kim MC, Kim YC, Jung DW, Williams DR, Ahn Y. Natural product derivative BIO promotes recovery after myocardial infarction via unique modulation of the cardiac microenvironment. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30726. [PMID: 27510556 PMCID: PMC4980696 DOI: 10.1038/srep30726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiac microenvironment includes cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts and macrophages, which regulate remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). Targeting this microenvironment is a novel therapeutic approach for MI. We found that the natural compound derivative, BIO ((2′Z,3′E)-6-Bromoindirubin-3′-oxime) modulated the cardiac microenvironment to exert a therapeutic effect on MI. Using a series of co-culture studies, BIO induced proliferation in cardiomyocytes and inhibited proliferation in cardiac fibroblasts. BIO produced multiple anti-fibrotic effects in cardiac fibroblasts. In macrophages, BIO inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory factors. Significantly, BIO modulated the molecular crosstalk between cardiac fibroblasts and differentiating macrophages to induce polarization to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. In the optically transparent zebrafish-based heart failure model, BIO induced cardiomyocyte proliferation and completely recovered survival rate. BIO is a known glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibitor, but these effects could not be recapitulated using the classical inhibitor, lithium chloride; indicating novel therapeutic effects of BIO. We identified the mechanism of BIO as differential modulation of p27 protein expression and potent induction of anti-inflammatory interleukin-10. In a rat MI model, BIO reduced fibrosis and improved cardiac performance. Histological analysis revealed modulation of the cardiac microenvironment by BIO, with increased presence of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Our results demonstrate that BIO produces unique effects in the cardiac microenvironment to promote recovery post-MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sook Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Yun Jeong
- Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Ra Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-Dong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong-Hee Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-Dong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Haaglim Cho
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-Dong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - JungIn Um
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-Dong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngha Seo
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-Dong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Seok Kang
- Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Won Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-Dong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Chul Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Chul Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-Dong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Woon Jung
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-Dong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Darren R Williams
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-Dong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkeun Ahn
- Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea.,Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
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26
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Magatti M, Vertua E, De Munari S, Caro M, Caruso M, Silini A, Delgado M, Parolini O. Human amnion favours tissue repair by inducing the M1-to-M2 switch and enhancing M2 macrophage features. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:2895-2911. [PMID: 27396853 PMCID: PMC5697700 DOI: 10.1002/term.2193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Human amniotic mesenchymal cells (hAMTCs) possess interesting immunomodulatory properties, making them attractive candidates for regenerative medicine applications. Recent in vivo reports argue in favour of an important role for macrophages as targets of hAMTC‐mediated suppression of inflammation and the enhancement of tissue repair. However, a comprehensive study of the effects of hAMTCs and their conditioned medium (CM) on human macrophage differentiation and function is unavailable. In the present study we found that hAMTCs and CM induce the differentiation of myeloid cells (U937 and monocytes) towards macrophages. We then investigated their effects on monocytes differentiated toward pro‐inflammatory M1 and anti‐inflammatory M2 macrophages. Monocytes treated under M1 conditions in the presence of hAMTCs or CMs shifted towards M2‐like macrophages, which expressed CD14, CD209, CD23, CD163 and PM‐2 K, possessed higher phagocytic activity and produced higher IL‐10 and lower pro‐inflammatory cytokines. They were also poor T cell stimulators and Th1 inducers, while they were able to increase activated and naïve suppressive Treg subsets. We show that prostaglandins, and not IL‐6, play a role in determining the M2 activation status. Instead, monocytes treated under M2 conditions in the presence of hAMTCs or CM retained M2‐like features, but with an enhanced anti‐inflammatory profile, having a reduced expression of the co‐stimulatory molecule CD80, reduced phagocytosis activity and decreased the secretion of inflammatory chemokines. Importantly, we provide evidence that macrophages re‐educated by CM improve tissue regeneration/repair in wound‐healing models. In conclusion, we identified new cell targets of hAMTCs and their bioactive factors and here provide insight into the beneficial effects observed when these cells are used in therapeutic approaches in vivo. © 2016 The Authors Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Magatti
- Centro di Ricerca 'E. Menni', Fondazione Poliambulanza-Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elsa Vertua
- Centro di Ricerca 'E. Menni', Fondazione Poliambulanza-Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia De Munari
- Centro di Ricerca 'E. Menni', Fondazione Poliambulanza-Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marta Caro
- Instituto de Parasitologia y Biomedicina 'Lopez-Neyra', CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Maddalena Caruso
- Centro di Ricerca 'E. Menni', Fondazione Poliambulanza-Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonietta Silini
- Centro di Ricerca 'E. Menni', Fondazione Poliambulanza-Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mario Delgado
- Instituto de Parasitologia y Biomedicina 'Lopez-Neyra', CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Ornella Parolini
- Centro di Ricerca 'E. Menni', Fondazione Poliambulanza-Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
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27
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Shiraishi M, Shintani Y, Shintani Y, Ishida H, Saba R, Yamaguchi A, Adachi H, Yashiro K, Suzuki K. Alternatively activated macrophages determine repair of the infarcted adult murine heart. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:2151-66. [PMID: 27140396 DOI: 10.1172/jci85782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternatively activated (also known as M2) macrophages are involved in the repair of various types of organs. However, the contribution of M2 macrophages to cardiac repair after myocardial infarction (MI) remains to be fully characterized. Here, we identified CD206+F4/80+CD11b+ M2-like macrophages in the murine heart and demonstrated that this cell population predominantly increases in the infarct area and exhibits strengthened reparative abilities after MI. We evaluated mice lacking the kinase TRIB1 (Trib1-/-), which exhibit a selective depletion of M2 macrophages after MI. Compared with control animals, Trib1-/- mice had a catastrophic prognosis, with frequent cardiac rupture, as the result of markedly reduced collagen fibril formation in the infarct area due to impaired fibroblast activation. The decreased tissue repair observed in Trib1-/- mice was entirely rescued by an external supply of M2-like macrophages. Furthermore, IL-1α and osteopontin were suggested to be mediators of M2-like macrophage-induced fibroblast activation. In addition, IL-4 administration achieved a targeted increase in the number of M2-like macrophages and enhanced the post-MI prognosis of WT mice, corresponding with amplified fibroblast activation and formation of more supportive fibrous tissues in the infarcts. Together, these data demonstrate that M2-like macrophages critically determine the repair of infarcted adult murine heart by regulating fibroblast activation and suggest that IL-4 is a potential biological drug for treating MI.
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28
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Garash R, Bajpai A, Marcinkiewicz BM, Spiller KL. Drug delivery strategies to control macrophages for tissue repair and regeneration. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1054-63. [PMID: 27190256 PMCID: PMC4950366 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216649444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue repair and regeneration is a complex process. Our bodies have an excellent capacity to regenerate damaged tissues in many situations. However, tissue healing is impaired in injuries that exceed a critical size or are exacerbated by chronic inflammatory diseases like diabetes. In these instances, biomaterials and drug delivery strategies are often required to facilitate tissue regeneration by providing physical and biochemical cues. Inflammation is the body's response to injury. It is critical for wound healing and biomaterial integration and vascularization, as long as the timing is well controlled. For example, chronic inflammation is well known to impair healing in chronic wounds. In this review, we highlight the importance of a well-controlled inflammatory response, primarily mediated by macrophages in tissue repair and regeneration and discuss various strategies designed to promote regeneration by controlling macrophage behavior. These strategies include temporally controlled delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs, delivery of macrophages as cellular therapy, controlled release of cytokines that modulate macrophage phenotype, and the design of nanoparticles that exploit the inherent phagocytic behavior of macrophages. A clear outcome of this review is that a deeper understanding of the role and timing of complex macrophage phenotypes or activation states is required to fully harness their abilities with drug delivery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Garash
- Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anamika Bajpai
- Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brandon M Marcinkiewicz
- Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kara L Spiller
- Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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29
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Masters TA, Sheetz MP, Gauthier NC. F-actin waves, actin cortex disassembly and focal exocytosis driven by actin-phosphoinositide positive feedback. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2016; 73:180-96. [PMID: 26915738 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Actin polymerization is controlled by the phosphoinositide composition of the plasma membrane. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the spatiotemporal regulation of actin network organization over extended length scales are still unclear. To observe phosphoinositide-dependent cytoskeletal dynamics we combined the model system of frustrated phagocytosis, total internal reflection microscopy and manipulation of the buffer tonicity. We found that macrophages interacting with IgG-coated glass substrates formed circular F-actin waves on their ventral surface enclosing a region of plasma membrane devoid of cortical actin. Plasma membrane free of actin cortex was strongly depleted of PI(4,5)P2 , but enriched in PI(3,4)P2 and displayed a fivefold increase in exocytosis. Wave formation could be promoted by application of a hypotonic shock. The actin waves were characteristic of a bistable wavefront at the boundary between the regions of membrane containing and lacking cortical actin. Phosphoinositide modifiers and RhoGTPase activities dramatically redistributed with respect to the wavefronts, which often exhibited spatial oscillations. Perturbation of either lipid or actin cytoskeleton-related pathways led to rapid loss of both the polarized lipid distribution and the wavefront. As waves travelled over the plasma membrane, wavefront actin was seen to rapidly polymerize and depolymerize at pre-existing clusters of FcγRIIA, coincident with rapid changes in lipid composition. Thus the potential of receptors to support rapid F-actin polymerization appears to depend acutely on the local concentrations of multiple lipid species. We propose that interdependence through positive feedback from the cytoskeleton to lipid modifiers leads to coordinated local cortex remodeling, focal exocytosis, and organizes extended actin networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Masters
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Michael P Sheetz
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027
| | - Nils C Gauthier
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
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30
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Hydrogen Sulfide Recruits Macrophage Migration by Integrin β1-Src-FAK/Pyk2-Rac Pathway in Myocardial Infarction. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22363. [PMID: 26932297 PMCID: PMC4773762 DOI: 10.1038/srep22363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) triggers an inflammatory reaction, in which macrophages are of key importance for tissue repairing. Infiltration and/or migration of macrophages into the infarct area early after MI is critical for infarct healing, vascularization, and cardiac function. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been demonstrated to possess cardioprotective effects post MI and during the progress of cardiac remodeling. However, the specific molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in macrophage recruitment by H2S remain to be identified. In this study, the NaHS (exogenous sources of H2S) treatment exerted an increased infiltration of macrophages into the infarcted myocardium at early stage of MI cardiac tissues in both wild type (WT) and cystathionine-γ-lyase-knockout (CSE-KO) mice. And NaHS accelerated the migration of macrophage cells in vitro. While, the inhibitors not only significantly diminished the migratory ability in response to NaHS, but also blocked the activation of phospho-Src, -Pyk2, -FAK397, and -FAK925. Furthermore, NaHS induced the internalization of integrin β1 on macrophage surface, but, integrin β1 silencing inhibited macrophage migration and Src signaling activation. These results indicate that H2S may have the potential as an anti-infarct of MI by governing macrophage migration, which was achieved by accelerating internalization of integrin β1 and activating downstream Src-FAK/Pyk2-Rac pathway.
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31
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Stendahl JC, Sinusas AJ. Nanoparticles for Cardiovascular Imaging and Therapeutic Delivery, Part 1: Compositions and Features. J Nucl Med 2015; 56:1469-75. [PMID: 26272808 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.160994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Imaging agents made from nanoparticles are functionally versatile and have unique properties that may translate to clinical utility in several key cardiovascular imaging niches. Nanoparticles exhibit size-based circulation, biodistribution, and elimination properties different from those of small molecules and microparticles. In addition, nanoparticles provide versatile platforms that can be engineered to create both multimodal and multifunctional imaging agents with tunable properties. With these features, nanoparticulate imaging agents can facilitate fusion of high-sensitivity and high-resolution imaging modalities and selectively bind tissues for targeted molecular imaging and therapeutic delivery. Despite their intriguing attributes, nanoparticulate imaging agents have thus far achieved only limited clinical use. The reasons for this restricted advancement include an evolving scope of applications, the simplicity and effectiveness of existing small-molecule agents, pharmacokinetic limitations, safety concerns, and a complex regulatory environment. This review describes general features of nanoparticulate imaging agents and therapeutics and discusses challenges associated with clinical translation. A second, related review to appear in a subsequent issue of JNM highlights nuclear-based nanoparticulate probes in preclinical cardiovascular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Stendahl
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Albert J Sinusas
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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32
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Xia H, Ren X, Bolte CS, Ustiyan V, Zhang Y, Shah TA, Kalin TV, Whitsett JA, Kalinichenko VV. Foxm1 regulates resolution of hyperoxic lung injury in newborns. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 52:611-21. [PMID: 25275225 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0091oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatments for inflammation associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) fail to show clinical efficacy. Foxm1, a transcription factor of the Forkhead box family, is a critical mediator of lung development and carcinogenesis, but its role in BPD-associated pulmonary inflammation is unknown. Immunohistochemistry and RNA analysis were used to assess Foxm1 in lung tissue from hyperoxia-treated mice and patients with BPD. LysM-Cre/Foxm1(-/-) mice, in which Foxm1 was deleted from myeloid-derived inflammatory cells, including macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils, were exposed to neonatal hyperoxia, causing lung injury and remodeling. Measurements of lung function and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the effects of Foxm1 deletion on pulmonary inflammation and repair. Increased Foxm1 expression was observed in pulmonary macrophages of hyperoxia-exposed mice and in lung tissue from patients with BPD. After hyperoxia, deletion of Foxm1 from the myeloid cell lineage decreased numbers of interstitial macrophages (CD45(+)CD11b(+)Ly6C(-)Ly6G(-)F4/80(+)CD68(-)) and impaired alveologenesis and lung function. The exaggerated BPD-like phenotype observed in hyperoxia-exposed LysM-Cre/Foxm1(-/-) mice was associated with increased expression of neutrophil-derived myeloperoxidase, proteinase 3, and cathepsin g, all of which are critical for lung remodeling and inflammation. Our data demonstrate that Foxm1 influences pulmonary inflammatory responses to hyperoxia, inhibiting neutrophil-derived enzymes and enhancing monocytic responses that limit alveolar injury and remodeling in neonatal lungs.
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33
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Hammers DW, Rybalko V, Merscham-Banda M, Hsieh PL, Suggs LJ, Farrar RP. Anti-inflammatory macrophages improve skeletal muscle recovery from ischemia-reperfusion. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 118:1067-74. [PMID: 25678696 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00313.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of macrophages (MPs) is essential for skeletal muscle to properly regenerate following injury. The aim of this study was the evaluation of MP profiles and their importance in skeletal muscle recovering from tourniquet-induced ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Using flow cytometry, we identified two distinct CD11b(+) MP populations that differ in expression of the surface markers Ly-6C and F4/80. These populations are prominent at 3 and 5 days of reperfusion and molecularly correspond to inflammatory and anti-inflammatory MP phenotypes. Sorted MP populations demonstrated high levels of IGF-I expression, and whole muscle post-I/R IGF-I expression strongly correlates with F4/80 expression. This suggests MPs largely influence postinjury IGF-I upregulation. We additionally demonstrate that direct intramuscular injection of FACS-isolated CD11b(+)Ly-6C(lo)F4/80(hi) MPs improves the functional and histological recovery of I/R-affected muscle. Taken together, these data further support the substantial influence of the innate immune system on muscle regeneration and suggest MP-focused therapeutic approaches may greatly facilitate skeletal muscle recovery from substantial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Hammers
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; and
| | - Viktoriya Rybalko
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; and
| | | | - Pei-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; and
| | - Laura J Suggs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Roger P Farrar
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; and
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34
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Latet SC, Hoymans VY, Van Herck PL, Vrints CJ. The cellular immune system in the post-myocardial infarction repair process. Int J Cardiol 2014; 179:240-7. [PMID: 25464457 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that overactivation and prolongation of the inflammatory response after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) result in worse left ventricular remodelling, dysfunction and progression to heart failure. This post-AMI inflammatory response is characterised by the critical involvement of cells from both the innate and adaptive immune systems. In this review paper, we aim to summarise and discuss the emergence of immune cells in the bloodstream and myocardium after AMI in men and mice. Subset composition, phenotypes, and kinetics of immune cells are considered. In addition, the relation with post-MI cardiac remodelling, function and outcome is reported. Increased knowledge of immune components, the mechanisms and interactions by which these cells contribute to myocardial damage and repair following AMI may help to close the gaps that limit improvement of treatments of those who survive the acute infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam C Latet
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Pathophysiological Research, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Vicky Y Hoymans
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Pathophysiological Research, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Paul L Van Herck
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Pathophysiological Research, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Christiaan J Vrints
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Pathophysiological Research, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium.
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Sato T, Kameyama T, Noto T, Nakadate T, Ueno H, Yamada K, Inoue H. The impact of anti-inflammatory cytokines provoked by CD163 positive macrophages on ventricular functional recovery after myocardial infarction. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2014; 37:139-47. [PMID: 23873589 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-013-0971-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Present study aimed to investigate the impact of anti-inflammatory cytokines provoked by the hemoglobin scavenger receptor, CD163, on left ventricular (LV) functional recovery after successful reperfusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Intraplaque hemorrhage accelerates plaque destabilization. Extracellular hemoglobin is cleared by CD163, a macrophage scavenger receptor. This process provokes secretion of anti-inflammatory atheroprotective cytokine, interleukin (IL)-10. In 40 patients with the first AMI, coronary atherothrombotic debris was retrieved during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), stained with antibodies to CD163 and IL-10. LV function was determined by echocardiography before PCI and 6 months after PCI. %CD163 was defined as ratio of CD163 (+)-cells to whole cells. %IL-10 was expressed as the ratio of positively stained areas per total tissue. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the amount of CD163 (+)-cells: CD163 > 10 % (CD163high, n = 20) and CD163 ≤ 10 % (CD163low, n = 20). CD163high group had significantly higher %IL-10. Final thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade was significantly lower in CD163high group. In subgroups with the final TIMI-3 flow (CD163high-Reflow, n = 15 and CD163low-Reflow, n = 20), the time to reperfusion, infarct size, LV dimensions and fractional shortening (%FS) before PCI were similar. Significant correlation was observed between %IL10 and changes in LV dimensions (diastole, r = -0.49, P = 0.01; systole, r = -0.65, P < 0.01) or %FS (r = 0.51, P < 0.01) at 6 months after PCI. Plaque with CD163(+)-macrophages could impair distal flow after primary PCI. However, CD163(+)-macrophages enhance the anti-inflammatory cytokine expression that aids in ventricular functional recovery if distal flow can be achieved by successful reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Sato
- The Second Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama University Hospital, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan,
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Yan L, Vatner SF, Vatner DE. Disruption of type 5 adenylyl cyclase prevents β-adrenergic receptor cardiomyopathy: a novel approach to β-adrenergic receptor blockade. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H1521-8. [PMID: 25193472 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00491.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
β-Adrenergic receptor (β-AR) blockade is widely used to treat heart failure, since the adverse effects of chronic β-AR stimulation are central to the pathogenesis of this disease state. Transgenic (Tg) mice, where β-AR signaling is chronically enhanced by overexpression of cardiac β₂-ARs, is a surrogate for this mechanism, since these mice develop cardiomyopathy as reflected by reduced left ventricular (LV) function, increased fibrosis, apoptosis, and myocyte hypertrophy. We hypothesized that disruption of type 5 adenylyl cyclase (AC5), which is in the β-AR signaling pathway in the heart, but exerts only a minor β-AR blocking effect, could prevent the cardiomyopathy in β₂-AR Tg mice without the negative effects of full β-AR blockade. Accordingly, we mated β₂-AR Tg mice with AC5 knockout (KO) mice. The β₂-AR Tg × AC5 KO bigenic mice prevented the cardiomyopathy as reflected by improved LV ejection fraction, reduced apoptosis, fibrosis, and myocyte size and preserved exercise capacity. The rescue was not simply due to a β-blocking effect of AC5 KO, since neither baseline LV function nor the response to isoproterenol was diminished substantially compared with the negative inotropic effects of β-blockade. However, AC5 disruption in β₂-AR Tg activates the antioxidant, manganese superoxide dismutase, an important mechanism protecting the heart from cardiomyopathy. These results indicate that disruption of AC5 prevents the cardiomyopathy induced by chronically enhanced β-AR signaling in mice with overexpressed β₂-AR, potentially by enhancing resistance to oxidative stress and apoptosis, suggesting a novel, alternative approach to β-AR blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yan
- Departments of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine and Medicine and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Stephen F Vatner
- Departments of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine and Medicine and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Dorothy E Vatner
- Departments of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine and Medicine and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
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Forbes SJ, Rosenthal N. Preparing the ground for tissue regeneration: from mechanism to therapy. Nat Med 2014; 20:857-69. [PMID: 25100531 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic diseases confer tissue and organ damage that reduce quality of life and are largely refractory to therapy. Although stem cells hold promise for treating degenerative diseases by 'seeding' injured tissues, the regenerative capacity of stem cells is influenced by regulatory networks orchestrated by local immune responses to tissue damage, with macrophages being a central component of the injury response and coordinator of tissue repair. Recent research has turned to how cellular and signaling components of the local stromal microenvironment (the 'soil' to the stem cells' seed), such as local inflammatory reactions, contribute to successful tissue regeneration. This Review discusses the basic principles of tissue regeneration and the central role locally acting components may play in the process. Application of seed-and-soil concepts to regenerative medicine strengthens prospects for developing cell-based therapies or for promotion of endogenous repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Forbes
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nadia Rosenthal
- 1] National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK. [2] Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Ben-Mordechai T, Palevski D, Glucksam-Galnoy Y, Elron-Gross I, Margalit R, Leor J. Targeting macrophage subsets for infarct repair. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2014; 20:36-51. [PMID: 24938456 DOI: 10.1177/1074248414534916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are involved in every cardiovascular disease and are an attractive therapeutic target. Macrophage activation is complex and can be either beneficial or deleterious, depending upon its mode of action, its timing, and its duration. An important macrophage characteristic is its plasticity, which enables it to switch from one subset to another. Macrophages, which regulate healing and repair after myocardial infarction, have become a major target for both treatment and diagnosis (theranostic). The aim of the present review is to describe the recent discoveries related to targeting and modulating of macrophage function to improve infarct repair. We will briefly review macrophage polarization, plasticity, heterogeneity, their role in infarct repair, regeneration, and cross talk with mesenchymal cells. Particularly, we will focus on the potential of macrophage targeting in situ by liposomes. The ability to modulate macrophage function could delineate pathways to reactivate the endogenous programs of myocardial regeneration. This will eventually lead to development of small molecules or biologics to enhance the endogenous programs of regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Ben-Mordechai
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Neufeld Cardiac Research Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Tamman Cardiovascular Research Institute, Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-hashomer, Israel Sheba Center for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell, and Tissue Engineering, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Dahlia Palevski
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Neufeld Cardiac Research Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Tamman Cardiovascular Research Institute, Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-hashomer, Israel Sheba Center for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell, and Tissue Engineering, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yifat Glucksam-Galnoy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Inbar Elron-Gross
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rimona Margalit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jonathan Leor
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Neufeld Cardiac Research Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Tamman Cardiovascular Research Institute, Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-hashomer, Israel Sheba Center for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell, and Tissue Engineering, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
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Abstract
Cellular hypoxic preconditioning is being employed to obtain complex, yet physiological, secretomes rich is angiogenic factors. We previously proposed exposing peripheral blood cells (PBCs) to hypoxic stress stimulation, and demonstrated that controlled release of PBC-derived factor mixtures induces directional microvessel growth in vitro. Hypoxia therefore provides a useful tool for enhancing the angiogenic potential of blood plasma, by generating compositions based on PBCs' natural responses to a wound-like microenvironment. Here, we discuss various methods for preparing and delivering Hypoxia Preconditioned Plasma (HPP), i.e., plasma derived after extracorporeal conditioning of anticoagulated blood under physiological temperature and hypoxia. Special emphasis is given to those approaches that will likely facilitate the clinical translation of HPP-based therapies. We finally draw a comparison between HPP and other, currently available blood-based products, and present the case that its arrival paves the way for developing next-generation autologous therapies toward angiogenesis-supported tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ektoras Hadjipanayi
- Experimental Plastic Surgery; Clinic for Plastic and Hand Surgery; Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München; Munich, Germany; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Hand and Burn Surgery; Bogenhausen Hospital; Munich, Germany
| | - Arndt F Schilling
- Experimental Plastic Surgery; Clinic for Plastic and Hand Surgery; Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München; Munich, Germany; Center for Applied New Technologies in Engineering for Regenerative Medicine (Canter); Munich, Germany
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Tong X, Lv G, Huang J, Min Y, Yang L, Lin PC. Gr-1+CD11b+ myeloid cells efficiently home to site of injury after intravenous administration and enhance diabetic wound healing by neoangiogenesis. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:1194-202. [PMID: 24645717 PMCID: PMC4112018 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascularization is an important factor that affects diabetic wound healing. There is increasing evidence that myeloid cell lineages play a role in neovascularization. In this study, the efficiency of Gr-1+CD11b+ myeloid cells to home to the site of injury and enhance diabetic wound healing by neoangiogenesis after intravenous administration was investigated. Gr-1+CD11b+ myeloid cells were injected into tail vein after establishment of dorsal window chamber, hindlimb ischaemia and ear-punch injury in diabetic or non-diabetic mice. The Gr-1+CD11b+ myeloid cells efficiently homed to the site of injury after intravenous administration and increased neoangiogenesis. The chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is robustly expressed by Gr-1+CD11b+ myeloid cells. Inhibition of CXCR4 decreases the homing ability of Gr-1+CD11b+ myeloid cells to the site of injury, which indicates that the CXCR4/SDF-1 axis plays an important role in the homing of Gr-1+CD11b+ myeloid cells to the site of injury. In addition, Gr-1+CD11b+ myeloid cells were found to improve blood flow recovery of ischaemic limb and enhance wound healing in diabetic mice by neoangiogenesis after intravenous administration. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that Gr-1+CD11b+ myeloid cells may serve as a potential cell therapy for diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhe Tong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Engineering of Liaoning Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
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Dachir S, Cohen M, Sahar R, Graham J, Eisenkraft A, Horwitz V, Kadar T. Beneficial effects of activated macrophages on sulfur mustard-induced cutaneous burns, anin vivoexperience. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2014; 33:317-26. [DOI: 10.3109/15569527.2013.877023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Novak ML, Weinheimer-Haus EM, Koh TJ. Macrophage activation and skeletal muscle healing following traumatic injury. J Pathol 2014; 232:344-55. [PMID: 24255005 DOI: 10.1002/path.4301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Following injury to different tissues, macrophages can contribute to both regenerative and fibrotic healing. These seemingly contradictory roles of macrophages may be related to the markedly different phenotypes that macrophages can assume upon exposure to different stimuli. We hypothesized that fibrotic healing after traumatic muscle injury would be dominated by a pro-fibrotic M2a macrophage phenotype, with M1 activation limited to the very early stages of repair. We found that macrophages accumulated in lacerated mouse muscle for at least 21 days, accompanied by limited myofibre regeneration and persistent collagen deposition. However, muscle macrophages did not exhibit either of the canonical M1 or M2a phenotypes, but instead up-regulated both M1- and M2a-associated genes early after injury, followed by down-regulation of most markers examined. Particularly, IL-10 mRNA and protein were markedly elevated in macrophages from 3-day injured muscle. Additionally, though flow cytometry identified distinct subpopulations of macrophages based on high or low expression of TNFα, these subpopulations did not clearly correspond to M1 or M2a phenotypes. Importantly, cell therapy with exogenous M1 macrophages but not non-activated macrophages reduced fibrosis and enhanced muscle fibre regeneration in lacerated muscles. These data indicate that manipulation of macrophage function has potential to improve healing following traumatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Novak
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago
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Aurora AB, Porrello ER, Tan W, Mahmoud AI, Hill JA, Bassel-Duby R, Sadek HA, Olson EN. Macrophages are required for neonatal heart regeneration. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:1382-92. [PMID: 24569380 DOI: 10.1172/jci72181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 567] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) leads to cardiomyocyte death, which triggers an immune response that clears debris and restores tissue integrity. In the adult heart, the immune system facilitates scar formation, which repairs the damaged myocardium but compromises cardiac function. In neonatal mice, the heart can regenerate fully without scarring following MI; however, this regenerative capacity is lost by P7. The signals that govern neonatal heart regeneration are unknown. By comparing the immune response to MI in mice at P1 and P14, we identified differences in the magnitude and kinetics of monocyte and macrophage responses to injury. Using a cell-depletion model, we determined that heart regeneration and neoangiogenesis following MI depends on neonatal macrophages. Neonates depleted of macrophages were unable to regenerate myocardia and formed fibrotic scars, resulting in reduced cardiac function and angiogenesis. Immunophenotyping and gene expression profiling of cardiac macrophages from regenerating and nonregenerating hearts indicated that regenerative macrophages have a unique polarization phenotype and secrete numerous soluble factors that may facilitate the formation of new myocardium. Our findings suggest that macrophages provide necessary signals to drive angiogenesis and regeneration of the neonatal mouse heart. Modulating inflammation may provide a key therapeutic strategy to support heart regeneration.
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Byun JS, Kwak BK, Kim JK, Jung J, Ha BC, Park S. Engraftment of human mesenchymal stem cells in a rat photothrombotic cerebral infarction model : comparison of intra-arterial and intravenous infusion using MRI and histological analysis. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2013; 54:467-76. [PMID: 24527188 PMCID: PMC3921273 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2013.54.6.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the hypotheses that administration routes [intra-arterial (IA) vs. intravenous (IV)] affect the early stage migration of transplanted human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) in acute brain infarction. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=40) were subjected to photothrombotic infarction. Three days after photothrombotic infarction, rats were randomly allocated to one of four experimental groups [IA group : n=12, IV group : n=12, superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) group : n=8, control group : n=8]. All groups were subdivided into 1, 6, 24, and 48 hours groups according to time point of sacrifice. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) consisting of T2 weighted image (T2WI), T2* weighted image (T2*WI), susceptibility weighted image (SWI), and diffusion weighted image of rat brain were obtained prior to and at 1, 6, 24, and 48 hours post-implantation. After final MRI, rats were sacrificed and grafted cells were analyzed in brain and lung specimen using Prussian blue and immunohistochemical staining. Results Grafted cells appeared as dark signal intensity regions at the peri-lesional zone. In IA group, dark signals in peri-lesional zone were more prominent compared with IV group. SWI showed largest dark signal followed by T2*WI and T2WI in both IA and IV groups. On Prussian blue staining, IA administration showed substantially increased migration and a large number of transplanted hBM-MSCs in the target brain than IV administration. The Prussian blue-positive cells were not detected in SPIO and control groups. Conclusion In a rat photothrombotic model of ischemic stroke, selective IA administration of human mesenchymal stem cells is more effective than IV administration. MRI and histological analyses revealed the time course of cell migration, and the numbers and distribution of hBM-MSCs delivered into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Soo Byun
- Department of Radiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Kook Kwak
- Department of Radiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Kyun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jisung Jung
- Department of Radiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bon Chul Ha
- Department of Radiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Serah Park
- Department of Radiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Novak ML, Koh TJ. Phenotypic transitions of macrophages orchestrate tissue repair. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 183:1352-1363. [PMID: 24091222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are essential for the efficient healing of numerous tissues, and they contribute to impaired healing and fibrosis. Tissue repair proceeds through overlapping phases of inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling, and macrophages are present throughout this progression. Macrophages exhibit transitions in phenotype and function as tissue repair progresses, although the precise factors regulating these transitions remain poorly defined. In efficiently healing injuries, macrophages present during a given stage of repair appear to orchestrate transition into the next phase and, in turn, can promote debridement of the injury site, cell proliferation and angiogenesis, collagen deposition, and matrix remodeling. However, dysregulated macrophage function can contribute to failure to heal or fibrosis in several pathological situations. This review will address current knowledge of the origins and functions of macrophages during the progression of tissue repair, with emphasis on skin and skeletal muscle. Dysregulation of macrophages in disease states and therapies targeting macrophage activation to promote tissue repair are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Novak
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Timothy J Koh
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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Wan E, Yeap XY, Dehn S, Terry R, Novak M, Zhang S, Iwata S, Han X, Homma S, Drosatos K, Lomasney J, Engman DM, Miller SD, Vaughan DE, Morrow JP, Kishore R, Thorp EB. Enhanced efferocytosis of apoptotic cardiomyocytes through myeloid-epithelial-reproductive tyrosine kinase links acute inflammation resolution to cardiac repair after infarction. Circ Res 2013; 113:1004-12. [PMID: 23836795 PMCID: PMC3840464 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.113.301198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Efficient clearance of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) is a prerequisite for inflammation resolution and tissue repair. After myocardial infarction, phagocytes are recruited to the heart and promote clearance of dying cardiomyocytes. The molecular mechanisms of efferocytosis of cardiomyocytes and in the myocardium are unknown. The injured heart provides a unique model to examine relationships between efferocytosis and subsequent inflammation resolution, tissue remodeling, and organ function. OBJECTIVE We set out to identify mechanisms of dying cardiomyocyte engulfment by phagocytes and, for the first time, to assess the causal significance of disrupting efferocytosis during myocardial infarction. METHODS AND RESULTS In contrast to other apoptotic cell receptors, macrophage myeloid-epithelial-reproductive tyrosine kinase was necessary and sufficient for efferocytosis of cardiomyocytes ex vivo. In mice, Mertk was specifically induced in Ly6c(LO) myocardial phagocytes after experimental coronary occlusion. Mertk deficiency led to an accumulation of apoptotic cardiomyocytes, independently of changes in noncardiomyocytes, and a reduced index of in vivo efferocytosis. Importantly, suppressed efferocytosis preceded increases in myocardial infarct size and led to delayed inflammation resolution and reduced systolic performance. Reduced cardiac function was reproduced in chimeric mice deficient in bone marrow Mertk; reciprocal transplantation of Mertk(+/+) marrow into Mertk(-/-) mice corrected systolic dysfunction. Interestingly, an inactivated form of myeloid-epithelial-reproductive tyrosine kinase, known as solMER, was identified in infarcted myocardium, implicating a natural mechanism of myeloid-epithelial-reproductive tyrosine kinase inactivation after myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS These data collectively and directly link efferocytosis to wound healing in the heart and identify Mertk as a significant link between acute inflammation resolution and organ function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Wan
- From the Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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Ye YX, Basse-Lüsebrink TC, Arias-Loza PA, Kocoski V, Kampf T, Gan Q, Bauer E, Sparka S, Helluy X, Hu K, Hiller KH, Boivin-Jahns V, Jakob PM, Jahns R, Bauer WR. Monitoring of monocyte recruitment in reperfused myocardial infarction with intramyocardial hemorrhage and microvascular obstruction by combined fluorine 19 and proton cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation 2013; 128:1878-88. [PMID: 24025595 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.000731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monocytes and macrophages are indispensable in the healing process after myocardial infarction (MI); however, the spatiotemporal distribution of monocyte infiltration and its correlation to prognostic indicators of reperfused MI have not been well described. METHODS AND RESULTS With combined fluorine 19/proton ((1)H) magnetic resonance imaging, we noninvasively visualized the spatiotemporal recruitment of monocytes in vivo in a rat model of reperfused MI. Blood monocytes were labeled by intravenous injection of (19)F-perfluorocarbon emulsion 1 day after MI. The distribution patterns of monocyte infiltration were correlated to the presence of microvascular obstruction (MVO) and intramyocardial hemorrhage. In vivo, (19)F/(1)H magnetic resonance imaging performed in series revealed that monocyte infiltration was spatially inhomogeneous in reperfused MI areas. In the absence of MVO, monocyte infiltration was more intense in MI regions with serious ischemia-reperfusion injuries, indicated by severe intramyocardial hemorrhage; however, monocyte recruitment was significantly impaired in MVO areas accompanied by severe intramyocardial hemorrhage. Compared with MI with isolated intramyocardial hemorrhage, MI with MVO resulted in significantly worse pump function of the left ventricle 28 days after MI. CONCLUSIONS Monocyte recruitment was inhomogeneous in reperfused MI tissue. It was highly reduced in MVO areas defined by magnetic resonance imaging. The impaired monocyte infiltration in MVO regions could be related to delayed healing and worse functional outcomes in the long term. Therefore, monocyte recruitment in MI with MVO could be a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target that could be monitored noninvasively and longitudinally by (19)F/(1)H magnetic resonance imaging in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xiang Ye
- Department of Experimental Physics 5 (Y.-X.Y., T.K., X.H., P.M.J.) and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology (V.B.-J.), University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Heart Failure Center/Deutsches Zentrum für Herzinsuffizienz, Wuerzburg, Germany (Y.-X.Y., W.R.B.); Research Center for Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, Wuerzburg, Germany (T.C.B.-L., K.-H.H., P.M.J.); Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany (P.-A.A.-L., E.B., K.H., R.J., W.R.B.); Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany (V.K.); Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany (Q.G.); and Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Wuerzburg, Germany (S.S.)
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Ghattas A, Griffiths HR, Devitt A, Lip GYH, Shantsila E. Monocytes in coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis: where are we now? J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 62:1541-51. [PMID: 23973684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite improvements in interventional and pharmacological therapy of atherosclerotic disease, it is still the leading cause of death in the developed world. Hence, there is a need for further development of effective therapeutic approaches. This requires better understanding of the molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology of the disease. Atherosclerosis has long been identified as having an inflammatory component contributing to its pathogenesis, whereas the available therapy primarily targets hyperlipidemia and prevention of thrombosis. Notwithstanding a pleotropic anti-inflammatory effect to some therapies, such as acetyl salicylic acid and the statins, none of the currently approved medicines for management of either stable or complicated atherosclerosis has inflammation as a primary target. Monocytes, as representatives of the innate immune system, play a major role in the initiation, propagation, and progression of atherosclerosis from a stable to an unstable state. Experimental data support a role of monocytes in acute coronary syndromes and in outcome post-infarction; however, limited research has been done in humans. Analysis of expression of various cell surface receptors allows characterization of the different monocyte subsets phenotypically, whereas downstream assessment of inflammatory pathways provides an insight into their activity. In this review we discuss the functional role of monocytes and their different subpopulations in atherosclerosis, acute coronary syndromes, cardiac healing, and recovery with an aim of critical evaluation of potential future therapeutic targets in atherosclerosis and its complications. We will also discuss technical difficulties of delineating different monocyte subpopulations, understanding their differentiation potential and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie Ghattas
- University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Macrophage subpopulations are essential for infarct repair with and without stem cell therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 62:1890-901. [PMID: 23973704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to investigate the hypothesis that the favorable effects of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) on infarct repair are mediated by macrophages. BACKGROUND The favorable effects of MSC therapy in myocardial infarction (MI) are complex and not fully understood. METHODS We induced MI in mice and allocated them to bone marrow MSCs, mononuclear cells, or saline injection into the infarct, with and without early (4 h before MI) and late (3 days after MI) macrophage depletion. We then analyzed macrophage phenotype in the infarcted heart by flow cytometry and macrophage secretome in vitro. Left ventricular remodeling and global and regional function were assessed by echocardiography and speckle-tracking based strain imaging. RESULTS The MSC therapy significantly increased the percentage of reparative M2 macrophages (F4/80(+)CD206(+)) in the infarcted myocardium, compared with mononuclear- and saline-treated hearts, 3 and 4 days after MI. Macrophage cytokine secretion, relevant to infarct healing and repair, was significantly increased after MSC therapy, or incubation with MSCs or MSC supernatant. Significantly, with and without MSC therapy, transient macrophage depletion increased mortality 30 days after MI. Furthermore, early macrophage depletion produced the greatest negative effect on infarct size and left ventricular remodeling and function, as well as a significant incidence of left ventricular thrombus formation. These deleterious effects were attenuated with macrophage restoration and MSC therapy. CONCLUSIONS Some of the protective effects of MSCs on infarct repair are mediated by macrophages, which are essential for early healing and repair. Thus, targeting macrophages could be a novel strategy to improve infarct healing and repair.
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Beenakker KGM, Westendorp RGJ, Craen AJM, Slagboom PE, Heemst D, Maier AB. Pro-inflammatory capacity of classically activated monocytes relates positively to muscle mass and strength. Aging Cell 2013; 12:682-9. [PMID: 23621451 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In mice, monocytes that exhibit a pro-inflammatory profile enter muscle tissue after muscle injury and are crucial for clearance of necrotic tissue and stimulation of muscle progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation. The aim of this study was to test if pro-inflammatory capacity of classically activated (M1) monocytes relates to muscle mass and strength in humans. This study included 191 male and 195 female subjects (mean age 64.2 years (SD 6.4) and 61.9 ± 6.4, respectively) of the Leiden Longevity Study. Pro-inflammatory capacity of M1 monocytes was assessed by ex vivo stimulation of whole blood with Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and TLR-2/1 agonist tripalmitoyl-S-glycerylcysteine (Pam₃Cys-SK₄), both M1 phenotype activators. Cytokines that stimulate M1 monocyte response (IFN-γ and GM-CSF) as well as cytokines that are secreted by M1 monocytes (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-12, and IL-1β) were measured. Analyses were adjusted for age, height, and body fat mass. Upon stimulation with LPS, the cytokine production capacity of INF-γ, GM-CSF, and TNF-α was significantly positively associated with lean body mass, appendicular lean mass and handgrip strength in men, but not in women. Upon stimulation with Pam₃Cys-SK₄, IL-6; TNF-α; and Il-1β were significantly positively associated with lean body mass and appendicular lean in women, but not in men. Taken together, this study shows that higher pro-inflammatory capacity of M1 monocytes upon stimulation is associated with muscle characteristics and sex dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel G. M. Beenakker
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Rudi G. J. Westendorp
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Anton J. M. Craen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Pieternella E. Slagboom
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing Leiden the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Statistics Molecular Epidemiology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Diana Heemst
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Andrea B. Maier
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine section of gerontology and geriatrics VU University Medical Center Amsterdam the Netherlands
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