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Liu J, Guo F, Chen X, Fu P, Ma L. Integrin αM promotes macrophage alternative M2 polarization in hyperuricemia-related chronic kidney disease. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e580. [PMID: 38911067 PMCID: PMC11193137 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is an essential risk factor in chronic kidney disease (CKD), while urate-lowering therapy to prevent or delay CKD is controversial. Alternatively activated macrophages in response to local microenvironment play diverse roles in kidney diseases. Here, we aim to investigate whether and how macrophage integrin αM (ITGAM) contributes to hyperuricemia-related CKD. In vivo, we explored dynamic characteristics of renal tissue in hyperuricemia-related CKD mice. By incorporating transcriptomics and phosphoproteomics data, we analyzed gene expression profile, hub genes and potential pathways. In vitro, we validated bioinformatic findings under different conditions with interventions corresponding to core nodes. We found that hyperuricemia-related CKD was characterized by elevated serum uric acid levels, impaired renal function, activation of macrophage alternative (M2) polarization, and kidney fibrosis. Integrated bioinformatic analyses revealed Itgam as the potential core gene, which was associated with focal adhesion signaling. Notably, we confirmed the upregulated expression of macrophage ITGAM, activated pathway, and macrophage M2 polarization in injured kidneys. In vitro, through silencing Itgam, inhibiting p-FAK or p-AKT1 phosphorylation, and concurrent inhibiting of p-FAK while activating p-AKT1 all contributed to the modulation of macrophage M2 polarization. Our results indicated targeting macrophage ITGAM might be a promising therapeutic approach for preventing CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Institute of Kidney DiseasesWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Fan Guo
- Division of Nephrology, Institute of Kidney DiseasesWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaoting Chen
- Animal Experimental CenterWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ping Fu
- Division of Nephrology, Institute of Kidney DiseasesWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Liang Ma
- Division of Nephrology, Institute of Kidney DiseasesWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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2
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Ma C, Hao Y, Shi B, Wu Z, Jin D, Yu X, Jin B. Unveiling mitochondrial and ribosomal gene deregulation and tumor microenvironment dynamics in acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Gene Ther 2024:10.1038/s41417-024-00788-2. [PMID: 38806621 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00788-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant clonal hematopoietic disease with a poor prognosis. Understanding the interaction between leukemic cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) can help predict the prognosis of leukemia and guide its treatment. Re-analyzing the scRNA-seq data from the CSC and G20 cohorts, using a Python-based pipeline including machine-learning-based scVI-tools, recapitulated the distinct hierarchical structure within the samples of AML patients. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted to construct a weighted gene co-expression network and to identify gene modules primarily focusing on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), multipotent progenitors (MPPs), and natural killer (NK) cells. The analysis revealed significant deregulation in gene modules associated with aerobic respiration and ribosomal/cytoplasmic translation. Cell-cell communications were elucidated by the CellChat package, revealing an imbalance of activating and inhibitory immune signaling pathways. Interception of genes upregulated in leukemic HSCs & MPPs as well as in NKG2A-high NK cells was used to construct prognostic models. Normal Cox and artificial neural network models based on 10 genes were developed. The study reveals the deregulation of mitochondrial and ribosomal genes in AML patients and suggests the co-occurrence of stimulatory and inhibitory factors in the AML TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuchao Hao
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116027, Liaoning, China
| | - Bo Shi
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Di Jin
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, South Jiefang Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Bilian Jin
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China.
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3
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Vulliamy P, Armstrong PC. Platelets in Hemostasis, Thrombosis, and Inflammation After Major Trauma. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:545-557. [PMID: 38235557 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.318801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Trauma currently accounts for 10% of the total global burden of disease and over 5 million deaths per year, making it a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although recent advances in early resuscitation have improved early survival from critical injury, the mortality rate in patients with major hemorrhage approaches 50% even in mature trauma systems. A major determinant of clinical outcomes from a major injury is a complex, dynamic hemostatic landscape. Critically injured patients frequently present to the emergency department with an acute traumatic coagulopathy that increases mortality from bleeding, yet, within 48 to 72 hours after injury will switch from a hypocoagulable to a hypercoagulable state with increased risk of venous thromboembolism and multiple organ dysfunction. This review will focus on the role of platelets in these processes. As effectors of hemostasis and thrombosis, they are central to each phase of recovery from injury, and our understanding of postinjury platelet biology has dramatically advanced over the past decade. This review describes our current knowledge of the changes in platelet behavior that occur following major trauma, the mechanisms by which these changes develop, and the implications for clinical outcomes. Importantly, supported by research in other disease settings, this review also reflects the emerging role of thromboinflammation in trauma including cross talk between platelets, innate immune cells, and coagulation. We also address the unresolved questions and significant knowledge gaps that remain, and finally highlight areas that with the further study will help deliver further improvements in trauma care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Vulliamy
- Centre for Trauma Sciences (P.V.), Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul C Armstrong
- Centre for Immunobiology (P.C.A.), Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
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4
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Wagner AH, Klersy A, Sultan CS, Hecker M. Potential role of soluble CD40 receptor in chronic inflammatory diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 217:115858. [PMID: 37863325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The CD40 receptor and its ligand CD154 are widely expressed in various immune-competent cells. Interaction of CD154 with CD40 is essential for B-cell growth, differentiation, and immunoglobulin class switching. Many other immune-competent cells involved in innate and adaptive immunity communicate through this co-stimulatory ligand-receptor dyad. CD40-CD154 interaction is involved in the pathogenesis of numerous inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. While CD40 and CD154 are membrane-bound proteins, their soluble counterparts are generated by proteolytic cleavage or alternative splicing. This review summarises current knowledge about the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human CD40 gene and compensatory changes in the plasma level of the soluble CD40 receptor (sCD40) isoform in related pro-inflammatory diseases. It discusses regulation patterns of the disintegrin metalloprotease ADAM17 function leading to ectodomain shedding of transmembrane proteins, such as pro-inflammatory adhesion molecules or CD40. The role of sCD40 as a potential biomarker for chronic inflammatory diseases will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Wagner
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - A Klersy
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C S Sultan
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Hecker
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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5
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Takada YK, Shimoda M, Takada Y. CD40L Activates Platelet Integrin αIIbβ3 by Binding to the Allosteric Site (Site 2) in a KGD-Independent Manner and HIGM1 Mutations Are Clustered in the Integrin-Binding Sites of CD40L. Cells 2023; 12:1977. [PMID: 37566056 PMCID: PMC10416995 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
CD40L is expressed in activated T cells, and it plays a major role in immune response and is a major therapeutic target for inflammation. High IgM syndrome type 1 (HIGM1) is a congenital functional defect in CD40L/CD40 signaling due to defective CD40L. CD40L is also stored in platelet granules and transported to the surface upon platelet activation. Platelet integrin αIIbβ3 is known to bind to fibrinogen and activation of αIIbβ3 is a key event that triggers platelet aggregation. Also, the KGD motif is critical for αIIbβ3 binding and the interaction stabilizes thrombus. Previous studies showed that CD40L binds to and activates integrins αvβ3 and α5β1 and that HIGM1 mutations are clustered in the integrin-binding sites. However, the specifics of CD40L binding to αIIbβ3 were unclear. Here, we show that CD40L binds to αIIbβ3 in a KGD-independent manner using CD40L that lacks the KGD motif. Two HIGM1 mutants, S128E/E129G and L155P, reduced the binding of CD40L to the classical ligand-binding site (site 1) of αIIbβ3, indicating that αIIbβ3 binds to the outer surface of CD40L trimer. Also, CD40L bound to the allosteric site (site 2) of αIIbβ3 and allosterically activated αIIbβ3 without inside-out signaling. Two HIMG1 mutants, K143T and G144E, on the surface of trimeric CD40L suppressed CD40L-induced αIIbβ3 activation. These findings suggest that CD40L binds to αIIbβ3 in a manner different from that of αvβ3 and α5β1 and induces αIIbβ3 activation. HIGM1 mutations are clustered in αIIbβ3 binding sites in CD40L and are predicted to suppress thrombus formation and immune responses through αIIbβ3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko K. Takada
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA (M.S.)
| | - Michiko Shimoda
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA (M.S.)
| | - Yoshikazu Takada
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA (M.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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6
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Singh AK, Goerlich CE, Zhang T, Lewis BG, Hershfeld A, Mohiuddin MM. CD40-CD40L Blockade: Update on Novel Investigational Therapeutics for Transplantation. Transplantation 2023; 107:1472-1481. [PMID: 36584382 PMCID: PMC10287837 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Effective immune responses require antigen presentation by major histocompatibility complexes with cognate T-cell receptor and antigen-independent costimulatory signaling for T-cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation. Among several costimulatory signals, CD40-CD40L is of special interest to the transplantation community because it plays a vital role in controlling or regulating humoral and cellular immunity. Blockade of this pathway has demonstrated inhibition of donor-reactive T-cell responses and prolonged the survival of transplanted organs. Several anti-CD154 and anti-CD40 antibodies have been used in the transplantation model and demonstrated the potential of extending allograft and xenograft rejection-free survival. The wide use of anti-CD154 antibodies was hampered because of thromboembolic complications in transplant recipients. These antibodies have been modified to overcome the thromboembolic complications by altering the antibody binding fragment (Fab) and Fc (fragment, crystallizable) receptor region for therapeutic purposes. Here, we review recent preclinical advances to target the CD40-CD40L pair in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tianshu Zhang
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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7
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Hirsch J, Uzun G, Zlamal J, Singh A, Bakchoul T. Platelet-neutrophil interaction in COVID-19 and vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1186000. [PMID: 37275917 PMCID: PMC10237318 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1186000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is known to commonly induce a thrombotic diathesis, particularly in severely affected individuals. So far, this COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (CAC) has been partially explained by hyperactivated platelets as well as by the prothrombotic effects of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) released from neutrophils. However, precise insight into the bidirectional relationship between platelets and neutrophils in the pathophysiology of CAC still lags behind. Vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare autoimmune disorder caused by auto-antibody formation in response to immunization with adenoviral vector vaccines. VITT is associated with life-threatening thromboembolic events and thus, high fatality rates. Our concept of the thrombophilia observed in VITT is relatively new, hence a better understanding could help in the management of such patients with the potential to also prevent VITT. In this review we aim to summarize the current knowledge on platelet-neutrophil interplay in COVID-19 and VITT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Hirsch
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Günalp Uzun
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jan Zlamal
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anurag Singh
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tamam Bakchoul
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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8
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Lv M, Xu Q, He F, Guo J, Zheng Z, Xie J, Wang W. Transosseous-Equivalent/Suture Bridge Technique in Combination With Platelet-Rich Plasma Application Yield Optimal Clinical Outcomes in Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: A Bayesian Network Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Arthroscopy 2023; 39:425-437.e1. [PMID: 36343767 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2022.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the clinical evidence defining the optimal combination of arthroscopic suture technique and platelet-rich products (PRP), and application for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR). METHODS All level of evidence (LOE) I randomized controlled trials (RCT) focusing on arthroscopic suture technique and/or PRP application in ARCR were included. The exclusion criteria were LOE II or worse, studies with other interventions, studies reported none of the predetermined clinical outcomes; studies unable to extract any precise data; studies from the same patient group of included studies. A pair-wise meta-analysis and Bayesian network analysis were performed on each comparison. The intervention options were ranked by Bayesian network analysis. RESULTS 27 studies comprising 1,947 individuals met the inclusion criteria. The application of transosseous equivalent/suture bridge repair (SB) with PRP (SB+PRP) significantly reduced retear rate (risk ratio [RR], 0.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], [0.15, 0.55].) and increased Constant-Murley score (mean difference, 1.90; 95% CI, [0.14, 3.74]), compared to SB repair. Single-row repair (SR) with PRP usage (SR+PRP) significantly reduced retear rate (RR, 0.27; 95% CI, [0.12, 0.55]) and pain visual analog scale (VAS) (mean difference: -0.84; 95% CI [-1.39, -0.46].), increased University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder score (mean difference: 1.48; 95% CI [0.50, 2.58]) and Constant-Murley score (mean difference: 4.53; 95% CI [2.65, 6.38]), compared to SR repair. The ranking for outcomes demonstrated SB+PRP resulted in the best retear rate, UCLA shoulder score, with the second-best postoperative pain, Constant-Murley score, while SR+PRP resulted in the best postoperative pain, Constant-Murley score, with the second-best retear rate and UCLA score. CONCLUSION Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair utilizing SB+PRP yields optimal retear rate and UCLA shoulder score, with the second-best postoperative pain and Constant-Murley shoulder outcome score, while SR+PRP yields the best in these two parameters. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level I, Bayesian network analysis of level I RCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minchao Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qingxin Xu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feixiong He
- Department of Orthopedics, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jinku Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhenxin Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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9
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Li Y, Wang H, Zhao Z, Yang Y, Meng Z, Qin L. Effects of the interactions between platelets with other cells in tumor growth and progression. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1165989. [PMID: 37153586 PMCID: PMC10158495 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1165989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been confirmed that platelets play a key role in tumorigenesis. Tumor-activated platelets can recruit blood cells and immune cells to migrate, establish an inflammatory tumor microenvironment at the sites of primary and metastatic tumors. On the other hand, they can also promote the differentiation of mesenchymal cells, which can accelerate the proliferation, genesis and migration of blood vessels. The role of platelets in tumors has been well studied. However, a growing number of studies suggest that interactions between platelets and immune cells (e.g., dendritic cells, natural killer cells, monocytes, and red blood cells) also play an important role in tumorigenesis and tumor development. In this review, we summarize the major cells that are closely associated with platelets and discuss the essential role of the interaction between platelets with these cells in tumorigenesis and tumor development.
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10
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Lin QY, Bai J, Zhang YL, Li HH. Integrin CD11b Contributes to Hypertension and Vascular Dysfunction Through Mediating Macrophage Adhesion and Migration. Hypertension 2023; 80:57-69. [PMID: 36377602 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.20328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukocyte adhesion to endothelium is an early inflammatory response and is mainly controlled by the β2-integrins. However, the role of integrin CD11b/CD18 in the pathogenesis of hypertension and vascular dysfunction is unclear. METHODS Hypertension was established by angiotensin II (490 ng/kg·per min) or deoxycorticosterone acetate salt. Hypertensive responses were studied in CD11b-deficient (CD11b-/-) mice, bone marrow transplanted and wild-type (WT) mice that were administered anti-CD11b neutralizing antibody or agonist leukadherin-1. Blood pressure was monitored with tail-cuff method and radiotelemetry. Blood and vascular inflammatory cells were assessed by flow cytometry. Aortic remodeling and function were examined using histology and aortic ring analysis. Cell adhesion and migration were evaluated in vitro. The relationship between circulating CD11b+ immune cells and hypertension was analyzed in patients with hypertension. RESULTS We found that CD11b and CD18 expression as well as the CD45+CD11b+CD18+ myeloid cells were highly increased in the aorta of angiotensin II-infused mice. Ablation or pharmacological inhibition of CD11b in mice significantly alleviated hypertension, aortic remodeling, superoxide generation, vascular dysfunction, and the infiltration of CD11b+ macrophages through reducing macrophage adhesion and migration. These effects were confirmed in WT mice reconstituted with CD11b-deficient bone marrow cells. Conversely, angiotensin II-induced hypertensive response was exacerbated by CD11b agonist leukadherin-1. Notably, circulating CD45+CD11b+CD18+ myeloid cells and the ligand levels in hypertensive patients were significantly higher than in normotensive controls. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated a critical significance of CD11b+ myeloid cells in hypertension and vascular dysfunction. Targeting CD11b may represent a novel therapeutic option for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yue Lin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, China (Q.-Y.L., J.B., H.-H.L.)
| | - Jie Bai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, China (Q.-Y.L., J.B., H.-H.L.)
| | - Yun-Long Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.-L.Z., H.-H.L.)
| | - Hui-Hua Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, China (Q.-Y.L., J.B., H.-H.L.).,Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.-L.Z., H.-H.L.)
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11
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Strohm L, Ubbens H, Münzel T, Daiber A, Daub S. Role of CD40(L)-TRAF signaling in inflammation and resolution—a double-edged sword. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:995061. [PMID: 36267276 PMCID: PMC9577411 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.995061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cardiovascular risk factors are the leading cause of death in the world today. According to the Global Burden of Disease Study, hypertension together with ischemic heart and cerebrovascular diseases is responsible for approximately 40% of all deaths worldwide. The major pathomechanism underlying almost all CVD is atherosclerosis, an inflammatory disorder of the vascular system. Recent large-scale clinical trials demonstrated that inflammation itself is an independent cardiovascular risk factor. Specific anti-inflammatory therapy could decrease cardiovascular mortality in patients with atherosclerosis (increased markers of inflammation). Inflammation, however, can also be beneficial by conferring so-called resolution, a process that contributes to clearing damaged tissue from cell debris upon cell death and thereby represents an essential step for recovery from, e.g., ischemia/reperfusion damage. Based on these considerations, the present review highlights features of the detrimental inflammatory reactions as well as of the beneficial process of immune cell-triggered resolution. In this context, we discuss the polarization of macrophages to either M1 or M2 phenotype and critically assess the role of the CD40L-CD40-TRAF signaling cascade in atherosclerosis and its potential link to resolution. As CD40L can bind to different cellular receptors, it can initiate a broad range of inflammatory processes that may be detrimental or beneficial. Likewise, the signaling of CD40L downstream of CD40 is mainly determined by activation of TRAF1-6 pathways that again can be detrimental or beneficial. Accordingly, CD40(L)-based therapies may be Janus-faced and require sophisticated fine-tuning in order to promote cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Strohm
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I—Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Henning Ubbens
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I—Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I—Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I—Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
- *Correspondence: Andreas Daiber, ; Steffen Daub,
| | - Steffen Daub
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I—Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- *Correspondence: Andreas Daiber, ; Steffen Daub,
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12
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Hwang N, Huh Y, Bu S, Seo KJ, Kwon SH, Kim JW, Yoon BK, Ahn HS, Fang S. Single-cell sequencing of PBMC characterizes the altered transcriptomic landscape of classical monocytes in BNT162b2-induced myocarditis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:979188. [PMID: 36225942 PMCID: PMC9549039 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.979188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been the most dangerous threat to public health worldwide for the last few years, which led to the development of the novel mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2). However, BNT162b2 vaccination is known to be associated with myocarditis. Here, as an attempt to determine the pathogenesis of the disease and to develop biomarkers to determine whether subjects likely proceed to myocarditis after vaccination, we conducted a time series analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a patient with BNT162b2-induced myocarditis. Single-cell RNA sequence analysis identified monocytes as the cell clusters with the most dynamic changes. To identify distinct gene expression signatures, we compared monocytes of BNT162b2-induced myocarditis with monocytes under various conditions, including SARS-CoV-2 infection, BNT162b2 vaccination, and Kawasaki disease, a disease similar to myocarditis. Representative changes in the transcriptomic profile of classical monocytes include the upregulation of genes related to fatty acid metabolism and downregulation of transcription factor AP-1 activity. This study provides, for the first time, the importance of classical monocytes in the pathogenesis of myocarditis following BNT162b2 vaccination and presents the possibility that vaccination affects monocytes, further inducing their differentiation and infiltration into the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahee Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yune Huh
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seonghyeon Bu
- Divison of Cardiology, Department of Internal medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Catholic Research Institute for Intractable Cardiovascular Disease (CRID), College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Seo
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Hwan Kwon
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-woo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bo Kyung Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Bo Kyung Yoon, ; Hyo-Suk Ahn, ; Sungsoon Fang,
| | - Hyo-Suk Ahn
- Divison of Cardiology, Department of Internal medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Catholic Research Institute for Intractable Cardiovascular Disease (CRID), College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Bo Kyung Yoon, ; Hyo-Suk Ahn, ; Sungsoon Fang,
| | - Sungsoon Fang
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Bo Kyung Yoon, ; Hyo-Suk Ahn, ; Sungsoon Fang,
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Zheng PF, Zou QC, Chen LZ, Liu P, Liu ZY, Pan HW. Identifying patterns of immune related cells and genes in the peripheral blood of acute myocardial infarction patients using a small cohort. J Transl Med 2022; 20:321. [PMID: 35864510 PMCID: PMC9306178 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03517-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The immune system plays a vital role in the pathophysiology of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, the exact immune related mechanism is still unclear. This research study aimed to identify key immune-related genes involved in AMI. Methods CIBERSORT, a deconvolution algorithm, was used to determine the proportions of 22 subsets of immune cells in blood samples. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify key modules that are significantly associated with AMI. Then, CIBERSORT combined with WGCNA were used to identify key immune-modules. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) combined with cytoHubba plugins were used to identify key immune-related genes that may play an important role in the occurrence and progression of AMI. Results The CIBERSORT results suggested that there was a decrease in the infiltration of CD8 + T cells, gamma delta (γδ) T cells, and resting mast cells, along with an increase in the infiltration of neutrophils and M0 macrophages in AMI patients. Then, two modules (midnightblue and lightyellow) that were significantly correlated with AMI were identified, and the salmon module was found to be significantly associated with memory B cells. Gene enrichment analysis indicated that the 1,171 genes included in the salmon module are mainly involved in immune-related biological processes. MCODE analysis was used to identify four different MCODE complexes in the salmon module, while four hub genes (EEF1B2, RAC2, SPI1, and ITGAM) were found to be significantly correlated with AMI. The correlation analysis between the key genes and infiltrating immune cells showed that SPI1 and ITGAM were positively associated with neutrophils and M0 macrophages, while they were negatively associated with CD8 + T cells, γδ T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and resting mast cells. The RT-qPCR validation results found that the expression of the ITGAM and SPI1 genes were significantly elevated in the AMI samples compared with the samples from healthy individuals, and the ROC curve analysis showed that ITGAM and SPI1 had a high diagnostic efficiency for the recognition of AMI. Conclusions Immune cell infiltration plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of AMI. ITGAM and SPI1 are key immune-related genes that are potential novel targets for the prevention and treatment of AMI. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03517-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Zheng
- Cardiology Department, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, No.61 West Jiefang Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.,Clinical Research Center for Heart Failure in Hunan Province, No.61 West Jiefang Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, No.61 West Jiefang Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Qiong-Chao Zou
- Cardiology Department, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, No.61 West Jiefang Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.,Clinical Research Center for Heart Failure in Hunan Province, No.61 West Jiefang Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, No.61 West Jiefang Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Lu-Zhu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of ShaoYang, No.36 QianYuan lane, Daxiang District, Shaoyang, 422000, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of ShaoYang, No.36 QianYuan lane, Daxiang District, Shaoyang, 422000, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng-Yu Liu
- Cardiology Department, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, No.61 West Jiefang Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China. .,Clinical Research Center for Heart Failure in Hunan Province, No.61 West Jiefang Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China. .,Institute of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, No.61 West Jiefang Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.
| | - Hong-Wei Pan
- Cardiology Department, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, No.61 West Jiefang Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China. .,Clinical Research Center for Heart Failure in Hunan Province, No.61 West Jiefang Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China. .,Institute of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, No.61 West Jiefang Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.
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14
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Mycobacterium intracellulare induces a Th17 immune response via M1-like macrophage polarization in canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11818. [PMID: 35821058 PMCID: PMC9276657 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16117-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) is one of the most prevalent pathogenic nontuberculous mycobacteria that cause chronic pulmonary disease. The prevalence of MAC infection has been rising globally in a wide range of hosts, including companion animals. MAC infection has been reported in dogs; however, little is known about interaction between MAC and dogs, especially in immune response. In this study, we investigated the host immune response driven by M. intracellulare using the co-culture system of canine T helper cells and autologous monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that canine MDMs differentiated into M1-like macrophages after M. intracellulare infection and the macrophages secreted molecules that induced Th1/Th17 cell polarization. Furthermore, canine lymphocytes co-cultured with M. intracellulare-infected macrophages induced the adaptive Th17 responses after 5 days. Taken together, our results indicate that M. intracellulare elicits a Th17 response through macrophage activation in this system. Those findings might help the understanding of the canine immune response to MAC infection and diminishing the potential zoonotic risk in One Health aspect.
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15
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Novel Functions of Integrins as Receptors of CD154: Their Role in Inflammation and Apoptosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111747. [PMID: 35681441 PMCID: PMC9179867 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CD154, an inflammatory mediator also known as CD40 ligand, has been identified as a novel binding partner for some members of the integrin family. The αIIbβ3, specifically expressed on platelets, was the first integrin to be described as a receptor for CD154 after CD40. Its interaction with soluble CD154 (sCD154) highly contributes to thrombus formation and stability. Identifying αIIbβ3 opened the door for investigating other integrins as partners of CD154. The αMβ2 expressed on myeloid cells was shown capable of binding CD154 and contributing as such to cell activation, adhesion, and release of proinflammatory mediators. In parallel, α5β1 communicates with sCD154, inducing pro-inflammatory responses. Additional pathogenic effects involving apoptosis-preventing functions were exhibited by the CD154–α5β1 dyad in T cells, conferring a role for such interaction in the survival of malignant cells, as well as the persistence of autoreactive T cells. More recently, CD154 receptors integrated two new integrin members, αvβ3 and α4β1, with little known as to their biological significance in this context. This article provides an overview of the novel role of integrins as receptors of CD154 and as critical players in pro-inflammatory and apoptotic responses.
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16
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Perrin S, Magill M. The Inhibition of CD40/CD154 Costimulatory Signaling in the Prevention of Renal Transplant Rejection in Nonhuman Primates: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:861471. [PMID: 35464470 PMCID: PMC9022482 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.861471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevention of allograft transplant rejection by inhibition of the CD40/CD40L costimulatory pathway has been described in several species. We searched pubmed for studies reporting the prevention of kidney transplant rejection in nonhuman primates utilizing either anti CD40 or anti CD40L (CD154) treatment. Inclusion of data required treatment with anti CD40 or anti CD154 as monotherapy treatment arms, full text available, studies conducted in nonhuman primate species, the transplant was renal transplantation, sufficient duration of treatment to assess long term rejection, and the reporting of individual graft survival or survival duration. Eleven publications were included in the study. Rejection free survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier (KM) life test methods to estimate the survival functions. The 95% CI for the medians was also calculated. A log-rank test was used to test the equality of the survival curves between control and treatment arms (CD40 and CD154). The hazard ratio for CD154 compared to CD40 and 95% CI was calculated using a Cox proportional-hazards model including treatment as the covariate to assess the magnitude of the treatment effect. Both anti CD40 and anti CD154 treatments prevented acute and long term graft rejection. The median (95% CI) rejection free survival was 131 days (84,169 days) in the anti CD40 treated animals and 352 days (173,710 days) in the anti CD154 treated animals. Median survival in the untreated animals was 6 days. The inhibition of transplant rejection was more durable in the anti CD154 group compared to the anti CD40 group after cessation of treatment. The median (95% CI) rejection free survival after cessation of treatment was 60 days (21,80 days) in the anti CD40 treated animals and 230 days (84,552 days) in the anti CD154 treated animals.
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17
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Zhu L, Zhang C, Mao G, Xu J, Qian J, Jiang L, Ye J. Serum CD40L, ST2, IL-6, and CRP serving as biomarkers for acute coronary syndrome. EUR J INFLAMM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/20587392211051115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To analyze the diagnostic value of CD40 ligand (CD40L), soluble growth stimulating expression gene 2 protein (ST2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) are used in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Serum samples were collected from 259 ACS patients admitted to our hospital. Additionally, 119 healthy individuals who received physical examination in the hospital at the same time period were included as normal control. The levels of CD40L, ST2, IL-6, and CRP in 259 patients with ACS and 119 healthy subjects were detected by ELISA. The levels of CD40L, ST2, IL-6, and CRP were significantly increased in unstable angina (UA) patients, while ST2, CRP, and IL-6 were significantly elevated in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. Pearson correlation analysis showed that ST2 was also closely related to CRP in ACS patients, while ST2 was positively correlated with creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), and troponin I (cTnI) in AMI patients. The levels of glucose (GLU) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) were significantly decreased, while the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) were significantly increased in AMI patients treated with stent implantation. Furthermore, the level of serum CD40 L was significantly elevated in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients treated with stent implantation, while the levels of ST2 and IL-6 in AMI patients treated with the stent implantation decreased significantly. The levels of inflammatory factors significantly changed in patients with ACS. These inflammatory factors may involve in the pathological progression of ACS and can be used as diagnostic indexes for ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People’s Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Chuanmeng Zhang
- The Center for Translational Medicine, Taizhou People’s Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangyao Mao
- The Center for Translational Medicine, Taizhou People’s Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Xu
- The Center for Translational Medicine, Taizhou People’s Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingyu Qian
- The Center for Translational Medicine, Taizhou People’s Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taizhou People’s Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Jun Ye
- The Center for Translational Medicine, Taizhou People’s Hospital, Jiangsu, China
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18
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Kim H, Kim DE, Han G, Lim NR, Kim EH, Jang Y, Cho H, Jang H, Kim KH, Kim SH, Yang Y. Harnessing the Natural Healing Power of Colostrum: Bovine Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles from Colostrum Facilitating the Transition from Inflammation to Tissue Regeneration for Accelerating Cutaneous Wound Healing. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102027. [PMID: 34865307 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As wound healing is an extremely complicated process, consisting of a cascade of interlocking biological events, successful wound healing requires a multifaceted approach to support appropriate and rapid transitions from the inflammatory to proliferative and remodeling phases. In this regard, here the potential use of bovine milk extracellular vesicles (EVs) to enhance wound healing is investigated. The results show that milk EVs promote fibroblast proliferation, migration, and endothelial tube formation. In particular, milk EVs derived from colostrum (Colos EVs) contain various anti-inflammatory factors facilitating the transition from inflammation to proliferation phase, as well as factors for tissue remodeling and angiogenesis. In an excisional wound mouse model, Colos EVs promote re-epithelialization, activate angiogenesis, and enhance extracellular matrix maturation. Interestingly, Colos EVs are further found to be quite resistant to freeze-drying procedures, maintaining their original characteristics and efficacy for wound repair after lyophilization. These findings on the superior stability and excellent activity of milk Colos EVs indicate that they hold great promise to be developed as anti-inflammatory therapeutics, especially for the treatment of cutaneous wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyosuk Kim
- Center for Theragnosis Biomedical Research Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Da Eun Kim
- Center for Theragnosis Biomedical Research Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio‐Medical Science and Technology KIST School Korea University of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Geonhee Han
- Center for Theragnosis Biomedical Research Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Nu Ri Lim
- Doping Control Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hye Kim
- Center for Theragnosis Biomedical Research Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Science Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongji Jang
- Center for Theragnosis Biomedical Research Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Science Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Haeun Cho
- Center for Theragnosis Biomedical Research Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Hochung Jang
- Center for Theragnosis Biomedical Research Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio‐Medical Science and Technology KIST School Korea University of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hun Kim
- Doping Control Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Kim
- Center for Theragnosis Biomedical Research Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoosoo Yang
- Center for Theragnosis Biomedical Research Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio‐Medical Science and Technology KIST School Korea University of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
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19
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Desai S, Dharavath B, Manavalan S, Rane A, Redhu A, Sunder R, Butle A, Mishra R, Joshi A, Togar T, Apte S, Bala P, Chandrani P, Chopra S, Bashyam M, Banerjee A, Prabhash K, Nair S, Dutt A. Fusobacterium nucleatum is associated with inflammation and poor survival in early-stage HPV-negative tongue cancer. NAR Cancer 2022; 4:zcac006. [PMID: 35252868 PMCID: PMC8894079 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent pathogen infection is a known cause of malignancy, although with sparse systematic evaluation across tumor types. We present a comprehensive landscape of 1060 infectious pathogens across 239 whole exomes and 1168 transcriptomes of breast, lung, gallbladder, cervical, colorectal, and head and neck tumors. We identify known cancer-associated pathogens consistent with the literature. In addition, we identify a significant prevalence of Fusobacterium in head and neck tumors, comparable to colorectal tumors. The Fusobacterium-high subgroup of head and neck tumors occurs mutually exclusive to human papillomavirus, and is characterized by overexpression of miRNAs associated with inflammation, elevated innate immune cell fraction and nodal metastases. We validate the association of Fusobacterium with the inflammatory markers IL1B, IL6 and IL8, miRNAs hsa-mir-451a, hsa-mir-675 and hsa-mir-486-1, and MMP10 in the tongue tumor samples. A higher burden of Fusobacterium is also associated with poor survival, nodal metastases and extracapsular spread in tongue tumors defining a distinct subgroup of head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanket Desai
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bhasker Dharavath
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sujith Manavalan
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aishwarya Rane
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India
| | - Archana Kumari Redhu
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India
| | - Roma Sunder
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashwin Butle
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rohit Mishra
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India
| | - Asim Joshi
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra, India
| | - Trupti Togar
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shruti Apte
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pratyusha Bala
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad500039, Telangana, India
| | - Pratik Chandrani
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra, India
| | - Supriya Chopra
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India
| | - Murali Dharan Bashyam
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad500039, Telangana, India
| | - Anirban Banerjee
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kumar Prabhash
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Ernest Borges Marg, Parel, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sudhir Nair
- Division of Head and Neck Oncology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amit Dutt
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +91 22 27405056/30435056;
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20
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Wu Y, Zhao Z, Zhang J, Wang Y, Song X. Identification of Hub Genes and Biological Pathways in Inclusion Body Myositis Using Bioinformatics Analysis. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:1281-1293. [PMID: 35173467 PMCID: PMC8841524 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s346965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is a unique idiopathic inflammatory myopathy with unclear pathogenesis and poor prognosis. Although previous publications have identified some molecular biomarkers, the value of these biomarkers is unknown. Objective To identify hub genes and signaling pathways related to IBM for understanding the IBM-related mechanisms and providing guidance for therapy development. Methods Two microarray datasets (GSE3112 and GSE128470) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. GEO2R was used to detect differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between IBM and normal muscle tissues. The hub genes were determined using protein–protein interaction (PPI) network in Cytoscape. The specific signaling pathways and biological functions of IBM were identified using GO, KEGG, and GSEA enrichment analyses. Moreover, CIBERSORT was applied to estimate the expression level of 22 immune cell types in IBM and normal muscle tissue. The relationship between the immune cell types and hub genes was then explored. Results A total of 219 DEGs and 10 hub genes were identified. Enrichment analyses revealed that the chemokine signaling pathway, cellular response to interferon-gamma, and P53 pathway have crucial roles in IBM. Immune infiltration analyses showed that IBM was associated with high level of CD8 T cells, Tregs, and macrophages. Finally, five potential drugs were predicted for IBM patients through CMap (connectivity map) database. Conclusion In this study, the underlying molecular mechanisms and immunological landscape of IBM were investigated, and thus may provide new directions for future research on IBM pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People’s Republic of China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zijun Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Heibei, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinru Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People’s Republic of China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaye Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People’s Republic of China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueqin Song
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People’s Republic of China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xueqin Song, Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-318-2187209, Email
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21
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Mauersberger C, Hinterdobler J, Schunkert H, Kessler T, Sager HB. Where the Action Is-Leukocyte Recruitment in Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:813984. [PMID: 35087886 PMCID: PMC8787128 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.813984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death worldwide and leukocyte recruitment is a key element of this phenomenon, thus allowing immune cells to enter the arterial wall. There, in concert with accumulating lipids, the invading leukocytes trigger a plethora of inflammatory responses which promote the influx of additional leukocytes and lead to the continued growth of atherosclerotic plaques. The recruitment process follows a precise scheme of tethering, rolling, firm arrest, crawling and transmigration and involves multiple cellular and subcellular players. This review aims to provide a comprehensive up-to-date insight into the process of leukocyte recruitment relevant to atherosclerosis, each from the perspective of endothelial cells, monocytes and macrophages, neutrophils, T lymphocytes and platelets. In addition, therapeutic options targeting leukocyte recruitment into atherosclerotic lesions-or potentially arising from the growing body of insights into its precise mechanisms-are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Mauersberger
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Hinterdobler
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Thorsten Kessler
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Hendrik B. Sager
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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22
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Haubruck P, Pinto MM, Moradi B, Little CB, Gentek R. Monocytes, Macrophages, and Their Potential Niches in Synovial Joints - Therapeutic Targets in Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis? Front Immunol 2021; 12:763702. [PMID: 34804052 PMCID: PMC8600114 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.763702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synovial joints are complex structures that enable normal locomotion. Following injury, they undergo a series of changes, including a prevalent inflammatory response. This increases the risk for development of osteoarthritis (OA), the most common joint disorder. In healthy joints, macrophages are the predominant immune cells. They regulate bone turnover, constantly scavenge debris from the joint cavity and, together with synovial fibroblasts, form a protective barrier. Macrophages thus work in concert with the non-hematopoietic stroma. In turn, the stroma provides a scaffold as well as molecular signals for macrophage survival and functional imprinting: “a macrophage niche”. These intricate cellular interactions are susceptible to perturbations like those induced by joint injury. With this review, we explore how the concepts of local tissue niches apply to synovial joints. We introduce the joint micro-anatomy and cellular players, and discuss their potential interactions in healthy joints, with an emphasis on molecular cues underlying their crosstalk and relevance to joint functionality. We then consider how these interactions are perturbed by joint injury and how they may contribute to OA pathogenesis. We conclude by discussing how understanding these changes might help identify novel therapeutic avenues with the potential of restoring joint function and reducing post-traumatic OA risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Haubruck
- Centre for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Marlene Magalhaes Pinto
- Centre for Inflammation Research & Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Babak Moradi
- Clinic of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Clinic of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christopher B Little
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca Gentek
- Centre for Inflammation Research & Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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23
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França TT, Al-Sbiei A, Bashir G, Mohamed YA, Salgado RC, Barreiros LA, Maria da Silva Napoleão S, Weber CW, Fernandes Severo Ferreira J, Aranda CS, Prando C, de Barros Dorna MB, Jurisica I, Fernandez-Cabezudo MJ, Ochs HD, Condino-Neto A, Al-Ramadi BK, Cabral-Marques O. CD40L modulates transcriptional signatures of neutrophils in the bone marrow associated with development and trafficking. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e148652. [PMID: 34255742 PMCID: PMC8410015 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.148652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are produced in the BM in a process called granulopoiesis, in which progenitor cells sequentially develop into mature neutrophils. During the developmental process, which is finely regulated by distinct transcription factors, neutrophils acquire the ability to exit the BM, properly distribute throughout the body, and migrate to infection sites. Previous studies have demonstrated that CD40 ligand (CD40L) influences hematopoiesis and granulopoiesis. Here, we investigate the effect of CD40L on neutrophil development and trafficking by performing functional and transcriptome analyses. We found that CD40L signaling plays an essential role in the early stages of neutrophil generation and development in the BM. Moreover, CD40L modulates transcriptional signatures, indicating that this molecule enables neutrophils to traffic throughout the body and to migrate in response to inflammatory signals. Thus, our study provides insights into the complex relationships between CD40L signaling and granulopoiesis, and it suggests a potentially novel and nonredundant role of CD40L signaling in neutrophil development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tábata Takahashi França
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ashraf Al-Sbiei
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ghada Bashir
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yassir Awad Mohamed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ranieri Coelho Salgado
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucila Akune Barreiros
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Cristina Worm Weber
- Pediatric Allergy & Immunology Clinic, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Sanchez Aranda
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Prando
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Pelé Pequeno Principe Research Intitute, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.,Hospital Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mayra B de Barros Dorna
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Institute, Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Departments of Medical Biophysics and Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontaro, Canada.,Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Maria J Fernandez-Cabezudo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hans D Ochs
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Antonio Condino-Neto
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Basel K Al-Ramadi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Zayed Center for Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Otavio Cabral-Marques
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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24
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Wahid AA, Dunphy RW, Macpherson A, Gibson BG, Kulik L, Whale K, Back C, Hallam TM, Alkhawaja B, Martin RL, Meschede I, Laabei M, Lawson ADG, Holers VM, Watts AG, Crennell SJ, Harris CL, Marchbank KJ, van den Elsen JMH. Insights Into the Structure-Function Relationships of Dimeric C3d Fragments. Front Immunol 2021; 12:714055. [PMID: 34434196 PMCID: PMC8381054 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.714055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleavage of C3 to C3a and C3b plays a central role in the generation of complement-mediated defences. Although the thioester-mediated surface deposition of C3b has been well-studied, fluid phase dimers of C3 fragments remain largely unexplored. Here we show C3 cleavage results in the spontaneous formation of C3b dimers and present the first X-ray crystal structure of a disulphide-linked human C3d dimer. Binding studies reveal these dimers are capable of crosslinking complement receptor 2 and preliminary cell-based analyses suggest they could modulate B cell activation to influence tolerogenic pathways. Altogether, insights into the physiologically-relevant functions of C3d(g) dimers gained from our findings will pave the way to enhancing our understanding surrounding the importance of complement in the fluid phase and could inform the design of novel therapies for immune system disorders in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla A. Wahid
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Rhys W. Dunphy
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Macpherson
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- UCB Pharma, Slough, United Kingdom
| | - Beth G. Gibson
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Liudmila Kulik
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | | | - Catherine Back
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas M. Hallam
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Bayan Alkhawaja
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L. Martin
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | | | - Maisem Laabei
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | | | - V. Michael Holers
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Andrew G. Watts
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Susan J. Crennell
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Claire L. Harris
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin J. Marchbank
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jean M. H. van den Elsen
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
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25
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Abstract
Explored the mechanism of action of tanshinone IIA (TIIA) against atherosclerosis.
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26
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Deroissart J, Porsch F, Koller T, Binder CJ. Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Therapies in Atherosclerosis. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 270:359-404. [PMID: 34251531 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor in atherosclerosis development and lipid-lowering drugs (i.e., statins) remain the treatment of choice. Despite effective reduction of LDL cholesterol in patients, a residual cardiovascular risk persists in some individuals, highlighting the need for further therapeutic intervention. Recently, the CANTOS trial paved the way toward the development of specific therapies targeting inflammation, a key feature in atherosclerosis progression. The pre-existence of multiple drugs modulating both innate and adaptive immune responses has significantly accelerated the number of translational studies applying these drugs to atherosclerosis. Additional preclinical research has led to the discovery of new therapeutic targets, offering promising perspectives for the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis. Currently, both drugs with selective targeting and broad unspecific anti-inflammatory effects have been tested. In this chapter, we aim to give an overview of current advances in immunomodulatory treatment approaches for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Deroissart
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florentina Porsch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Koller
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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27
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Zhou S, Liu S, Liu X, Zhuang W. Bioinformatics Gene Analysis of Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Unstable Atherosclerotic Plaque-Related Stroke. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:1031-1045. [PMID: 33155176 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01725-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaque instability is a major cause of ischemic stroke. Researchers must develop novel strategies for the detection and treatment of unstable atherosclerotic plaque (UAP)-related stroke. We aimed to identify potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of UAP-related stroke. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of UAP, ischemic stroke and smoking were identified by microarray analyses from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway functional enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed to analyze plaque destabilization and ischemic stroke physiopathology. An integrative analysis of UAP, ischemic stroke and smoking DEGs and functional annotations was performed to identify the underlying physiopathology and hub genes in UAP-related stroke and the relationship with smoking. Online search databases were applied to confirm hub gene biofunctions and their relationships with atherosclerosis and cerebrovascular diseases. Following integrative analysis, 18 co-DEGs of UAP and ischemic stroke, including 17 upregulated and one downregulated, were identified. Inflammation, immunity, extracellular matrix degradation, blood coagulation, apoptosis and nerve degeneration were the primary physiopathological processes in UAP-related stroke. Hub genes included MMP9, ITGAM, CCR1, NCF2 and CD163, among which MMP9 and ITGAM were top 10 genes for both UAP and stroke. Smoking may upregulate MMP9, NCF2, C5AR1 and ANPEP to accelerate plaque destabilization and UAP-related stroke. MMP9, ITGAM, CCR1, NCF2, CD163, hsa-miR-3123 and hsa-miR-144-3p are potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of UAP-related stroke. MMP9 and ITGAM are potential therapeutic targets of UAP-related stroke, which will contribute to the development of novel management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojiong Zhou
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Neurology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No.57, ChangPing Road, JinPing District, ShanTou City, 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Neurology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No.57, ChangPing Road, JinPing District, ShanTou City, 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Neurology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No.57, ChangPing Road, JinPing District, ShanTou City, 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weiduan Zhuang
- Neurology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No.57, ChangPing Road, JinPing District, ShanTou City, 515041, Guangdong Province, China.
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28
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Lamers C, Plüss CJ, Ricklin D. The Promiscuous Profile of Complement Receptor 3 in Ligand Binding, Immune Modulation, and Pathophysiology. Front Immunol 2021; 12:662164. [PMID: 33995387 PMCID: PMC8118671 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.662164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The β2-integrin receptor family has a broad spectrum of physiological functions ranging from leukocyte adhesion, cell migration, activation, and communication to the phagocytic uptake of cells and particles. Among the members of this family, complement receptor 3 (CR3; CD11b/CD18, Mac-1, αMβ2) is particularly promiscuous in its functional profile and ligand selectivity. There are close to 100 reported structurally unrelated ligands for CR3, and while many ligands appear to cluster at the αMI domain, molecular details about binding modes remain largely elusive. The versatility of CR3 is reflected in its functional portfolio, which includes prominent roles in the removal of invaders and cell debris, induction of tolerance and synaptic pruning, and involvement in the pathogenesis of numerous autoimmune and chronic inflammatory pathologies. While CR3 is an interesting therapeutic target for immune modulation due to these known pathophysiological associations, drug development efforts are limited by concerns of potential interference with host defense functions and, most importantly, an insufficient molecular understanding of the interplay between ligand binding and functional impact. Here, we provide a systematic summary of the various interaction partners of CR3 with a focus on binding mechanisms and functional implications. We also discuss the roles of CR3 as an immune receptor in health and disease, as an activation marker in research and diagnostics, and as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Lamers
- Molecular Pharmacy Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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29
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Salti S, Al-Zoobi L, Darif Y, Hassan GS, Mourad W. CD154 Resistant to Cleavage from Intracellular Milieu and Cell Surface Induces More Potent CD40-Mediated Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1793-1805. [PMID: 33762325 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the membrane-bound form, CD154 also exists as a soluble molecule originating from an intracellular and membrane cleavage. We have previously shown that CD154 cleavage from T cell surface is mediated by CD40 and involves the action of ADAM10/ADAM17 enzymes. In the aim of defining the importance of CD154 maintained on cell surface, we generated a CD154 mutated at the cleavage site. Our data show that the double mutation of E112 and M113 residues of CD154 abolishes its spontaneous release and the CD40-mediated cleavage from cell surface but does not affect its binding to CD40. We also demonstrated that both the release of CD154 from the intracellular milieu and its CD40-mediated cleavage from cell surface are highly dependent on ADAM10/ADAM17 enzymes. The CD154-EM mutant was shown capable of inducing a more prominent apoptotic response in susceptible B cell lines than the wild-type (WT) form of the molecule. In addition, human B cells cultured in the presence of the CD154-EM mutant exhibited upregulated proliferative responses compared with the CD154-WT. The CD154-EM mutant was also shown to trigger differentiation of human B cells, reflected by an increased Ig production, more significantly than CD154-WT. Thus, our data strongly suggest that cleavage-resistant CD154 is a more prominent stimulant than the cleavable form of the molecule. Therefore, a maintained expression of CD154 on cell membrane and a disturbed cleavage of the molecule could be a mechanism by which CD154 is involved in some pathological conditions and should be revisited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Salti
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebc H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Loubna Al-Zoobi
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebc H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Youssef Darif
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebc H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Ghada S Hassan
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebc H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Walid Mourad
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebc H2X 0A9, Canada
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30
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Zheng PF, Chen LZ, Guan YZ, Liu P. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identifies specific modules and hub genes related to coronary artery disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6711. [PMID: 33758323 PMCID: PMC7988178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86207-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This investigation seeks to dissect coronary artery disease molecular target candidates along with its underlying molecular mechanisms. Data on patients with CAD across three separate array data sets, GSE66360, GSE19339 and GSE97320 were extracted. The gene expression profiles were obtained by normalizing and removing the differences between the three data sets, and important modules linked to coronary heart disease were identified using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Gene Ontology (GO) functional and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were applied in order to identify statistically significant genetic modules with the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) online tool (version 6.8; http://david.abcc.ncifcrf.gov ). The online STRING tool was used to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, followed by the use of Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) plug-ins in Cytoscape software to identify hub genes. Two significant modules (green-yellow and magenta) were identified in the CAD samples. Genes in the magenta module were noted to be involved in inflammatory and immune-related pathways, based on GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. After the MCODE analysis, two different MCODE complexes were identified in the magenta module, and four hub genes (ITGAM, degree = 39; CAMP, degree = 37; TYROBP, degree = 28; ICAM1, degree = 18) were uncovered to be critical players in mediating CAD. Independent verification data as well as our RT-qPCR results were highly consistent with the above finding. ITGAM, CAMP, TYROBP and ICAM1 are potential targets in CAD. The underlying mechanism may be related to the transendothelial migration of leukocytes and the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Shao Yang, 36 QianYuan lane, Shaoyang, 422000, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Graduate School of Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Zhu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Shao Yang, 36 QianYuan lane, Shaoyang, 422000, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-Zong Guan
- Graduate School of Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Shao Yang, 36 QianYuan lane, Shaoyang, 422000, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Marchini T, Mitre LS, Wolf D. Inflammatory Cell Recruitment in Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:635527. [PMID: 33681219 PMCID: PMC7930487 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.635527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the main underlying pathology for myocardial infarction and stroke, is a chronic inflammatory disease of middle-sized to large arteries that is initiated and maintained by leukocytes infiltrating into the subendothelial space. It is now clear that the accumulation of pro-inflammatory leukocytes drives progression of atherosclerosis, its clinical complications, and directly modulates tissue-healing in the infarcted heart after myocardial infarction. This inflammatory response is orchestrated by multiple soluble mediators that enhance inflammation systemically and locally, as well as by a multitude of partially tissue-specific molecules that regulate homing, adhesion, and transmigration of leukocytes. While numerous experimental studies in the mouse have refined our understanding of leukocyte accumulation from a conceptual perspective, only a few anti-leukocyte therapies have been directly validated in humans. Lack of tissue-tropism of targeted factors required for leukocyte accumulation and unspecific inhibition strategies remain the major challenges to ultimately translate therapies that modulate leukocytes accumulation into clinical practice. Here, we carefully describe receptor and ligand pairs that guide leukocyte accumulation into the atherosclerotic plaque and the infarcted myocardium, and comment on potential future medical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timoteo Marchini
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía Sol Mitre
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Wolf
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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32
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Steel HC, Venter WDF, Theron AJ, Anderson R, Feldman C, Arulappan N, Rossouw TM. Differential Responsiveness of the Platelet Biomarkers, Systemic CD40 Ligand, CD62P, and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB, to Virally-Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy. Front Immunol 2021; 11:594110. [PMID: 33584658 PMCID: PMC7878378 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.594110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic biomarkers of inflammation, including cytokines and chemokines, are potentially useful in the management of both HIV infection and non-AIDS-defining disorders. However, relatively little is known about the utility of measurement of circulating biomarkers of platelet activation as a strategy to monitor the efficacy of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), as well as the persistence of systemic inflammation following virally-suppressive therapy in HIV-infected persons. These issues have been addressed in the current study to which a cohort consisting of 199 HIV-infected participants was recruited, 100 of whom were cART-naïve and the remainder cART-treated and virally-suppressed. Fifteen healthy control participants were included for comparison. The study focused on the effects of cART on the responsiveness of three biomarkers of platelet activation, specifically soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), sCD62P (P-selectin), and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), measured using multiplex suspension bead array technology. Most prominently sCD40L in particular, as well as sCD62P, were significantly elevated in the cART-naïve group relative to both the cART-treated and healthy control groups. However, levels of PDGF-BB were of comparable magnitude in both the cART-naïve and -treated groups, and significantly higher than those of the control group. Although remaining somewhat higher in the virally-suppressed group relative to healthy control participants, these findings identify sCD40L, in particular, as a potential biomarker of successful cART, while PDGF-BB may be indicative of persistent low-level antigenemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen C. Steel
- Department of Immunology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - W. D. Francois Venter
- Ezintsha, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Annette J. Theron
- Department of Immunology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ronald Anderson
- Department of Immunology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Charles Feldman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Natasha Arulappan
- Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Theresa M. Rossouw
- Department of Immunology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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33
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Anka Idrissi D, Senhaji N, Aouiss A, Khalki L, Tijani Y, Zaid N, Marhoume FZ, Naya A, Oudghiri M, Kabine M, Zaid Y. IL-1 and CD40/CD40L platelet complex: elements of induction of Crohn's disease and new therapeutic targets. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:117-132. [PMID: 33394309 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01296-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are chronic and multifactorial diseases that affect the intestinal tract, both characterized by recurrent inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, resulting in abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting and, rectal bleeding. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) regroup these two disorders. The exact pathological mechanism of IBD remains ambiguous and poorly known. In genetically predisposed patients, defects in intestinal mucosal barrier are due to an uncontrolled inflammatory response to normal flora. In addition to the genetic predisposition, these defects could be triggered by environmental factors or by a specific lifestyle which is widely accepted as etiological hypothesis. The involvement of the CD40/CD40L platelet complex in the development of IBD has been overwhelmingly demonstrated. CD40L is climacteric in cell signalling in innate and adaptive immunity, the CD40L expression on the platelet cell surface gives them an immunological competence. The IL-1, a major inflammation mediator could be involved in different ways in the development of IBD. Here, we provide a comprehensive review regarding the role of platelet CD40/CD40L in the pathophysiological effect of IL-1 in the development of Crohn's disease (CD). This review could potentially help future approaches aiming to target these two pathways for therapeutic purposes and elucidate the immunological mechanisms driving gut inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doha Anka Idrissi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Nezha Senhaji
- Laboratory of Genetic and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Asmae Aouiss
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Loubna Khalki
- Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Youssef Tijani
- Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Nabil Zaid
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fatima Zahra Marhoume
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Neuroscience, Integrative and Computational Neuroscience Team, Hassan First University, Settat, Morocco
| | - Abdallah Naya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mounia Oudghiri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mostafa Kabine
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Younes Zaid
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco. .,Research Center of Abulcasis, University of Health Sciences, Rabat, Morocco.
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CD40/CD40L and Related Signaling Pathways in Cardiovascular Health and Disease-The Pros and Cons for Cardioprotection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228533. [PMID: 33198327 PMCID: PMC7697597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The CD40–CD40 ligand (CD40L) dyad represents a scientific and clinical field that has raised many controversies in the past and cannot be clearly defined as being an either beneficial or harmful pathway. Being crucially involved in physiological immunological processes as well as pathological inflammatory reactions, the signaling pathway has been recognized as a key player in the development of both autoimmune and cardiovascular disease. Even though the possibilities of a therapeutic approach to the dyad were recognized decades ago, due to unfortunate events, detailed in this review, pharmacological treatment targeting the dyad, especially in patients suffering from atherosclerosis, is not available. Despite the recent advances in the treatment of classical cardiovascular risk factors, such as arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus, the treatment of the associated low-grade inflammation that accounts for the progression of atherosclerosis is still challenging. Low-grade inflammation can be detected in a significant portion of patients that suffer from cardiovascular disease and it is therefore imperative to develop new therapeutic strategies in order to combat this driver of atherosclerosis. Of note, established cardiovascular drugs such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or statins have proven beneficial cardiovascular effects that are also related to their pleiotropic immunomodulatory properties. In this review, we will discuss the setbacks encountered as well as new avenues discovered on the path to a different, inflammation-centered approach for the treatment of cardiovascular disease with the CD40–CD40L axis as a central therapeutic target.
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Platelet-Rich Plasma: New Performance Understandings and Therapeutic Considerations in 2020. Int J Mol Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207794 union all select null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null-- tbwa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging autologous cellular therapies that utilize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications have the potential to play adjunctive roles in a variety of regenerative medicine treatment plans. There is a global unmet need for tissue repair strategies to treat musculoskeletal (MSK) and spinal disorders, osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with chronic complex and recalcitrant wounds. PRP therapy is based on the fact that platelet growth factors (PGFs) support the three phases of wound healing and repair cascade (inflammation, proliferation, remodeling). Many different PRP formulations have been evaluated, originating from human, in vitro, and animal studies. However, recommendations from in vitro and animal research often lead to different clinical outcomes because it is difficult to translate non-clinical study outcomes and methodology recommendations to human clinical treatment protocols. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding PRP technology and the concepts for bioformulation, and new research directives and new indications have been suggested. In this review, we will discuss recent developments regarding PRP preparation and composition regarding platelet dosing, leukocyte activities concerning innate and adaptive immunomodulation, serotonin (5-HT) effects, and pain killing. Furthermore, we discuss PRP mechanisms related to inflammation and angiogenesis in tissue repair and regenerative processes. Lastly, we will review the effect of certain drugs on PRP activity, and the combination of PRP and rehabilitation protocols.
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36
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Platelet-Rich Plasma: New Performance Understandings and Therapeutic Considerations in 2020. Int J Mol Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207794 waitfor delay '0:0:5'-- wvzy] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging autologous cellular therapies that utilize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications have the potential to play adjunctive roles in a variety of regenerative medicine treatment plans. There is a global unmet need for tissue repair strategies to treat musculoskeletal (MSK) and spinal disorders, osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with chronic complex and recalcitrant wounds. PRP therapy is based on the fact that platelet growth factors (PGFs) support the three phases of wound healing and repair cascade (inflammation, proliferation, remodeling). Many different PRP formulations have been evaluated, originating from human, in vitro, and animal studies. However, recommendations from in vitro and animal research often lead to different clinical outcomes because it is difficult to translate non-clinical study outcomes and methodology recommendations to human clinical treatment protocols. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding PRP technology and the concepts for bioformulation, and new research directives and new indications have been suggested. In this review, we will discuss recent developments regarding PRP preparation and composition regarding platelet dosing, leukocyte activities concerning innate and adaptive immunomodulation, serotonin (5-HT) effects, and pain killing. Furthermore, we discuss PRP mechanisms related to inflammation and angiogenesis in tissue repair and regenerative processes. Lastly, we will review the effect of certain drugs on PRP activity, and the combination of PRP and rehabilitation protocols.
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37
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Platelet-Rich Plasma: New Performance Understandings and Therapeutic Considerations in 2020. Int J Mol Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207794 union all select null,null-- rqgz] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging autologous cellular therapies that utilize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications have the potential to play adjunctive roles in a variety of regenerative medicine treatment plans. There is a global unmet need for tissue repair strategies to treat musculoskeletal (MSK) and spinal disorders, osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with chronic complex and recalcitrant wounds. PRP therapy is based on the fact that platelet growth factors (PGFs) support the three phases of wound healing and repair cascade (inflammation, proliferation, remodeling). Many different PRP formulations have been evaluated, originating from human, in vitro, and animal studies. However, recommendations from in vitro and animal research often lead to different clinical outcomes because it is difficult to translate non-clinical study outcomes and methodology recommendations to human clinical treatment protocols. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding PRP technology and the concepts for bioformulation, and new research directives and new indications have been suggested. In this review, we will discuss recent developments regarding PRP preparation and composition regarding platelet dosing, leukocyte activities concerning innate and adaptive immunomodulation, serotonin (5-HT) effects, and pain killing. Furthermore, we discuss PRP mechanisms related to inflammation and angiogenesis in tissue repair and regenerative processes. Lastly, we will review the effect of certain drugs on PRP activity, and the combination of PRP and rehabilitation protocols.
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38
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Abstract
Emerging autologous cellular therapies that utilize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications have the potential to play adjunctive roles in a variety of regenerative medicine treatment plans. There is a global unmet need for tissue repair strategies to treat musculoskeletal (MSK) and spinal disorders, osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with chronic complex and recalcitrant wounds. PRP therapy is based on the fact that platelet growth factors (PGFs) support the three phases of wound healing and repair cascade (inflammation, proliferation, remodeling). Many different PRP formulations have been evaluated, originating from human, in vitro, and animal studies. However, recommendations from in vitro and animal research often lead to different clinical outcomes because it is difficult to translate non-clinical study outcomes and methodology recommendations to human clinical treatment protocols. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding PRP technology and the concepts for bioformulation, and new research directives and new indications have been suggested. In this review, we will discuss recent developments regarding PRP preparation and composition regarding platelet dosing, leukocyte activities concerning innate and adaptive immunomodulation, serotonin (5-HT) effects, and pain killing. Furthermore, we discuss PRP mechanisms related to inflammation and angiogenesis in tissue repair and regenerative processes. Lastly, we will review the effect of certain drugs on PRP activity, and the combination of PRP and rehabilitation protocols.
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39
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Abstract
Emerging autologous cellular therapies that utilize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications have the potential to play adjunctive roles in a variety of regenerative medicine treatment plans. There is a global unmet need for tissue repair strategies to treat musculoskeletal (MSK) and spinal disorders, osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with chronic complex and recalcitrant wounds. PRP therapy is based on the fact that platelet growth factors (PGFs) support the three phases of wound healing and repair cascade (inflammation, proliferation, remodeling). Many different PRP formulations have been evaluated, originating from human, in vitro, and animal studies. However, recommendations from in vitro and animal research often lead to different clinical outcomes because it is difficult to translate non-clinical study outcomes and methodology recommendations to human clinical treatment protocols. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding PRP technology and the concepts for bioformulation, and new research directives and new indications have been suggested. In this review, we will discuss recent developments regarding PRP preparation and composition regarding platelet dosing, leukocyte activities concerning innate and adaptive immunomodulation, serotonin (5-HT) effects, and pain killing. Furthermore, we discuss PRP mechanisms related to inflammation and angiogenesis in tissue repair and regenerative processes. Lastly, we will review the effect of certain drugs on PRP activity, and the combination of PRP and rehabilitation protocols.
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40
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Platelet-Rich Plasma: New Performance Understandings and Therapeutic Considerations in 2020. Int J Mol Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207794 and sleep(5)-- larb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging autologous cellular therapies that utilize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications have the potential to play adjunctive roles in a variety of regenerative medicine treatment plans. There is a global unmet need for tissue repair strategies to treat musculoskeletal (MSK) and spinal disorders, osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with chronic complex and recalcitrant wounds. PRP therapy is based on the fact that platelet growth factors (PGFs) support the three phases of wound healing and repair cascade (inflammation, proliferation, remodeling). Many different PRP formulations have been evaluated, originating from human, in vitro, and animal studies. However, recommendations from in vitro and animal research often lead to different clinical outcomes because it is difficult to translate non-clinical study outcomes and methodology recommendations to human clinical treatment protocols. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding PRP technology and the concepts for bioformulation, and new research directives and new indications have been suggested. In this review, we will discuss recent developments regarding PRP preparation and composition regarding platelet dosing, leukocyte activities concerning innate and adaptive immunomodulation, serotonin (5-HT) effects, and pain killing. Furthermore, we discuss PRP mechanisms related to inflammation and angiogenesis in tissue repair and regenerative processes. Lastly, we will review the effect of certain drugs on PRP activity, and the combination of PRP and rehabilitation protocols.
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41
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Platelet-Rich Plasma: New Performance Understandings and Therapeutic Considerations in 2020. Int J Mol Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207794 and 9425=(select 9425 from pg_sleep(5))-- untq] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging autologous cellular therapies that utilize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications have the potential to play adjunctive roles in a variety of regenerative medicine treatment plans. There is a global unmet need for tissue repair strategies to treat musculoskeletal (MSK) and spinal disorders, osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with chronic complex and recalcitrant wounds. PRP therapy is based on the fact that platelet growth factors (PGFs) support the three phases of wound healing and repair cascade (inflammation, proliferation, remodeling). Many different PRP formulations have been evaluated, originating from human, in vitro, and animal studies. However, recommendations from in vitro and animal research often lead to different clinical outcomes because it is difficult to translate non-clinical study outcomes and methodology recommendations to human clinical treatment protocols. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding PRP technology and the concepts for bioformulation, and new research directives and new indications have been suggested. In this review, we will discuss recent developments regarding PRP preparation and composition regarding platelet dosing, leukocyte activities concerning innate and adaptive immunomodulation, serotonin (5-HT) effects, and pain killing. Furthermore, we discuss PRP mechanisms related to inflammation and angiogenesis in tissue repair and regenerative processes. Lastly, we will review the effect of certain drugs on PRP activity, and the combination of PRP and rehabilitation protocols.
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42
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Platelet-Rich Plasma: New Performance Understandings and Therapeutic Considerations in 2020. Int J Mol Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207794 and 9425=(select 9425 from pg_sleep(5))] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging autologous cellular therapies that utilize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications have the potential to play adjunctive roles in a variety of regenerative medicine treatment plans. There is a global unmet need for tissue repair strategies to treat musculoskeletal (MSK) and spinal disorders, osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with chronic complex and recalcitrant wounds. PRP therapy is based on the fact that platelet growth factors (PGFs) support the three phases of wound healing and repair cascade (inflammation, proliferation, remodeling). Many different PRP formulations have been evaluated, originating from human, in vitro, and animal studies. However, recommendations from in vitro and animal research often lead to different clinical outcomes because it is difficult to translate non-clinical study outcomes and methodology recommendations to human clinical treatment protocols. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding PRP technology and the concepts for bioformulation, and new research directives and new indications have been suggested. In this review, we will discuss recent developments regarding PRP preparation and composition regarding platelet dosing, leukocyte activities concerning innate and adaptive immunomodulation, serotonin (5-HT) effects, and pain killing. Furthermore, we discuss PRP mechanisms related to inflammation and angiogenesis in tissue repair and regenerative processes. Lastly, we will review the effect of certain drugs on PRP activity, and the combination of PRP and rehabilitation protocols.
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43
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Abstract
Emerging autologous cellular therapies that utilize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications have the potential to play adjunctive roles in a variety of regenerative medicine treatment plans. There is a global unmet need for tissue repair strategies to treat musculoskeletal (MSK) and spinal disorders, osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with chronic complex and recalcitrant wounds. PRP therapy is based on the fact that platelet growth factors (PGFs) support the three phases of wound healing and repair cascade (inflammation, proliferation, remodeling). Many different PRP formulations have been evaluated, originating from human, in vitro, and animal studies. However, recommendations from in vitro and animal research often lead to different clinical outcomes because it is difficult to translate non-clinical study outcomes and methodology recommendations to human clinical treatment protocols. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding PRP technology and the concepts for bioformulation, and new research directives and new indications have been suggested. In this review, we will discuss recent developments regarding PRP preparation and composition regarding platelet dosing, leukocyte activities concerning innate and adaptive immunomodulation, serotonin (5-HT) effects, and pain killing. Furthermore, we discuss PRP mechanisms related to inflammation and angiogenesis in tissue repair and regenerative processes. Lastly, we will review the effect of certain drugs on PRP activity, and the combination of PRP and rehabilitation protocols.
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44
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Platelet-Rich Plasma: New Performance Understandings and Therapeutic Considerations in 2020. Int J Mol Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207794 union all select null,null,null,null-- wfik] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging autologous cellular therapies that utilize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications have the potential to play adjunctive roles in a variety of regenerative medicine treatment plans. There is a global unmet need for tissue repair strategies to treat musculoskeletal (MSK) and spinal disorders, osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with chronic complex and recalcitrant wounds. PRP therapy is based on the fact that platelet growth factors (PGFs) support the three phases of wound healing and repair cascade (inflammation, proliferation, remodeling). Many different PRP formulations have been evaluated, originating from human, in vitro, and animal studies. However, recommendations from in vitro and animal research often lead to different clinical outcomes because it is difficult to translate non-clinical study outcomes and methodology recommendations to human clinical treatment protocols. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding PRP technology and the concepts for bioformulation, and new research directives and new indications have been suggested. In this review, we will discuss recent developments regarding PRP preparation and composition regarding platelet dosing, leukocyte activities concerning innate and adaptive immunomodulation, serotonin (5-HT) effects, and pain killing. Furthermore, we discuss PRP mechanisms related to inflammation and angiogenesis in tissue repair and regenerative processes. Lastly, we will review the effect of certain drugs on PRP activity, and the combination of PRP and rehabilitation protocols.
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45
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Platelet-Rich Plasma: New Performance Understandings and Therapeutic Considerations in 2020. Int J Mol Sci 2020. [PMID: 33096812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207794;select dbms_pipe.receive_message(chr(114)||chr(122)||chr(104)||chr(84),5) from dual--] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging autologous cellular therapies that utilize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications have the potential to play adjunctive roles in a variety of regenerative medicine treatment plans. There is a global unmet need for tissue repair strategies to treat musculoskeletal (MSK) and spinal disorders, osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with chronic complex and recalcitrant wounds. PRP therapy is based on the fact that platelet growth factors (PGFs) support the three phases of wound healing and repair cascade (inflammation, proliferation, remodeling). Many different PRP formulations have been evaluated, originating from human, in vitro, and animal studies. However, recommendations from in vitro and animal research often lead to different clinical outcomes because it is difficult to translate non-clinical study outcomes and methodology recommendations to human clinical treatment protocols. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding PRP technology and the concepts for bioformulation, and new research directives and new indications have been suggested. In this review, we will discuss recent developments regarding PRP preparation and composition regarding platelet dosing, leukocyte activities concerning innate and adaptive immunomodulation, serotonin (5-HT) effects, and pain killing. Furthermore, we discuss PRP mechanisms related to inflammation and angiogenesis in tissue repair and regenerative processes. Lastly, we will review the effect of certain drugs on PRP activity, and the combination of PRP and rehabilitation protocols.
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46
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Platelet-Rich Plasma: New Performance Understandings and Therapeutic Considerations in 2020. Int J Mol Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207794 and sleep(5)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging autologous cellular therapies that utilize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications have the potential to play adjunctive roles in a variety of regenerative medicine treatment plans. There is a global unmet need for tissue repair strategies to treat musculoskeletal (MSK) and spinal disorders, osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with chronic complex and recalcitrant wounds. PRP therapy is based on the fact that platelet growth factors (PGFs) support the three phases of wound healing and repair cascade (inflammation, proliferation, remodeling). Many different PRP formulations have been evaluated, originating from human, in vitro, and animal studies. However, recommendations from in vitro and animal research often lead to different clinical outcomes because it is difficult to translate non-clinical study outcomes and methodology recommendations to human clinical treatment protocols. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding PRP technology and the concepts for bioformulation, and new research directives and new indications have been suggested. In this review, we will discuss recent developments regarding PRP preparation and composition regarding platelet dosing, leukocyte activities concerning innate and adaptive immunomodulation, serotonin (5-HT) effects, and pain killing. Furthermore, we discuss PRP mechanisms related to inflammation and angiogenesis in tissue repair and regenerative processes. Lastly, we will review the effect of certain drugs on PRP activity, and the combination of PRP and rehabilitation protocols.
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47
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Platelet-Rich Plasma: New Performance Understandings and Therapeutic Considerations in 2020. Int J Mol Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207794 union all select null,null,null-- krmy] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging autologous cellular therapies that utilize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications have the potential to play adjunctive roles in a variety of regenerative medicine treatment plans. There is a global unmet need for tissue repair strategies to treat musculoskeletal (MSK) and spinal disorders, osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with chronic complex and recalcitrant wounds. PRP therapy is based on the fact that platelet growth factors (PGFs) support the three phases of wound healing and repair cascade (inflammation, proliferation, remodeling). Many different PRP formulations have been evaluated, originating from human, in vitro, and animal studies. However, recommendations from in vitro and animal research often lead to different clinical outcomes because it is difficult to translate non-clinical study outcomes and methodology recommendations to human clinical treatment protocols. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding PRP technology and the concepts for bioformulation, and new research directives and new indications have been suggested. In this review, we will discuss recent developments regarding PRP preparation and composition regarding platelet dosing, leukocyte activities concerning innate and adaptive immunomodulation, serotonin (5-HT) effects, and pain killing. Furthermore, we discuss PRP mechanisms related to inflammation and angiogenesis in tissue repair and regenerative processes. Lastly, we will review the effect of certain drugs on PRP activity, and the combination of PRP and rehabilitation protocols.
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48
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Platelet-Rich Plasma: New Performance Understandings and Therapeutic Considerations in 2020. Int J Mol Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207794 union all select null,null,null,null,null,null,null-- pkke] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging autologous cellular therapies that utilize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications have the potential to play adjunctive roles in a variety of regenerative medicine treatment plans. There is a global unmet need for tissue repair strategies to treat musculoskeletal (MSK) and spinal disorders, osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with chronic complex and recalcitrant wounds. PRP therapy is based on the fact that platelet growth factors (PGFs) support the three phases of wound healing and repair cascade (inflammation, proliferation, remodeling). Many different PRP formulations have been evaluated, originating from human, in vitro, and animal studies. However, recommendations from in vitro and animal research often lead to different clinical outcomes because it is difficult to translate non-clinical study outcomes and methodology recommendations to human clinical treatment protocols. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding PRP technology and the concepts for bioformulation, and new research directives and new indications have been suggested. In this review, we will discuss recent developments regarding PRP preparation and composition regarding platelet dosing, leukocyte activities concerning innate and adaptive immunomodulation, serotonin (5-HT) effects, and pain killing. Furthermore, we discuss PRP mechanisms related to inflammation and angiogenesis in tissue repair and regenerative processes. Lastly, we will review the effect of certain drugs on PRP activity, and the combination of PRP and rehabilitation protocols.
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49
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Platelet-Rich Plasma: New Performance Understandings and Therapeutic Considerations in 2020. Int J Mol Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207794 and 9280=9280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging autologous cellular therapies that utilize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications have the potential to play adjunctive roles in a variety of regenerative medicine treatment plans. There is a global unmet need for tissue repair strategies to treat musculoskeletal (MSK) and spinal disorders, osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with chronic complex and recalcitrant wounds. PRP therapy is based on the fact that platelet growth factors (PGFs) support the three phases of wound healing and repair cascade (inflammation, proliferation, remodeling). Many different PRP formulations have been evaluated, originating from human, in vitro, and animal studies. However, recommendations from in vitro and animal research often lead to different clinical outcomes because it is difficult to translate non-clinical study outcomes and methodology recommendations to human clinical treatment protocols. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding PRP technology and the concepts for bioformulation, and new research directives and new indications have been suggested. In this review, we will discuss recent developments regarding PRP preparation and composition regarding platelet dosing, leukocyte activities concerning innate and adaptive immunomodulation, serotonin (5-HT) effects, and pain killing. Furthermore, we discuss PRP mechanisms related to inflammation and angiogenesis in tissue repair and regenerative processes. Lastly, we will review the effect of certain drugs on PRP activity, and the combination of PRP and rehabilitation protocols.
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50
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Platelet-Rich Plasma: New Performance Understandings and Therapeutic Considerations in 2020. Int J Mol Sci 2020. [PMID: 33096812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207794;select dbms_pipe.receive_message(chr(78)||chr(83)||chr(109)||chr(74),5) from dual--] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging autologous cellular therapies that utilize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications have the potential to play adjunctive roles in a variety of regenerative medicine treatment plans. There is a global unmet need for tissue repair strategies to treat musculoskeletal (MSK) and spinal disorders, osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with chronic complex and recalcitrant wounds. PRP therapy is based on the fact that platelet growth factors (PGFs) support the three phases of wound healing and repair cascade (inflammation, proliferation, remodeling). Many different PRP formulations have been evaluated, originating from human, in vitro, and animal studies. However, recommendations from in vitro and animal research often lead to different clinical outcomes because it is difficult to translate non-clinical study outcomes and methodology recommendations to human clinical treatment protocols. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding PRP technology and the concepts for bioformulation, and new research directives and new indications have been suggested. In this review, we will discuss recent developments regarding PRP preparation and composition regarding platelet dosing, leukocyte activities concerning innate and adaptive immunomodulation, serotonin (5-HT) effects, and pain killing. Furthermore, we discuss PRP mechanisms related to inflammation and angiogenesis in tissue repair and regenerative processes. Lastly, we will review the effect of certain drugs on PRP activity, and the combination of PRP and rehabilitation protocols.
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