1
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Sun DY, Wu WB, Wu JJ, Shi Y, Xu JJ, Ouyang SX, Chi C, Shi Y, Ji QX, Miao JH, Fu JT, Tong J, Zhang PP, Zhang JB, Li ZY, Qu LF, Shen FM, Li DJ, Wang P. Pro-ferroptotic signaling promotes arterial aging via vascular smooth muscle cell senescence. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1429. [PMID: 38365899 PMCID: PMC10873425 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45823-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Senescence of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contributes to aging-related cardiovascular diseases by promoting arterial remodelling and stiffness. Ferroptosis is a novel type of regulated cell death associated with lipid oxidation. Here, we show that pro-ferroptosis signaling drives VSMCs senescence to accelerate vascular NAD+ loss, remodelling and aging. Pro-ferroptotic signaling is triggered in senescent VSMCs and arteries of aged mice. Furthermore, the activation of pro-ferroptotic signaling in VSMCs not only induces NAD+ loss and senescence but also promotes the release of a pro-senescent secretome. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of pro-ferroptosis signaling, ameliorates VSMCs senescence, reduces vascular stiffness and retards the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm in mice. Mechanistically, we revealed that inhibition of pro-ferroptotic signaling facilitates the nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of proliferator-activated receptor-γ and, thereby impeding nuclear receptor coactivator 4-ferrtin complex-centric ferritinophagy. Finally, the activated pro-ferroptotic signaling correlates with arterial stiffness in a human proof-of-concept study. These findings have significant implications for future therapeutic strategies aiming to eliminate vascular ferroptosis in senescence- or aging-associated cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di-Yang Sun
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Bin Wu
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Jin Wu
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University/Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Jun Xu
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Naval Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University/Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shen-Xi Ouyang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Chi
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Xin Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Hao Miao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery/Spine Center, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University/Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang-Tao Fu
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping-Ping Zhang
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Bao Zhang
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- The National Demonstration Center for Experimental Pharmaceutical Education, Naval Medical University/Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Li
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- The National Demonstration Center for Experimental Pharmaceutical Education, Naval Medical University/Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Le-Feng Qu
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University/Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fu-Ming Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dong-Jie Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Pei Wang
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
- The National Demonstration Center for Experimental Pharmaceutical Education, Naval Medical University/Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Zhang J. Non-coding RNAs and angiogenesis in cardiovascular diseases: a comprehensive review. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-023-04919-5. [PMID: 38306012 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04919-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have key roles in the etiology of many illnesses, including heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke, and in physiological processes like angiogenesis. In transcriptional regulatory circuits that control heart growth, signaling, and stress response, as well as remodeling in cardiac disease, ncRNAs have become important players. Studies on ncRNAs and cardiovascular disease have made great progress recently. Here, we go through the functions of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) like circular RNAs (circRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs) as well as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in modulating cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
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3
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Ketchem JM, Bowman EJ, Isales CM. Male sex hormones, aging, and inflammation. Biogerontology 2023; 24:1-25. [PMID: 36596999 PMCID: PMC9810526 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-10002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Adequate levels of androgens (eugonadism), and specifically testosterone, are vital compounds for male quality of life, longevity, and positive health outcomes. Testosterone exerts its effects by binding to the androgen receptor, which is expressed in numerous tissues throughout the body. Significant research has been conducted on the impact of this steroid hormone on skeletal, muscle and adipose tissues and on the cardiovascular, immune, and nervous systems. Testosterone levels have also been studied in relation to the impact of diseases, aging, nutrition and the environment on its circulating levels. Conversely, the impact of testosterone on health has also been evaluated with respect to its cardiac and vascular protective effects, body composition, autoimmunity and all-cause mortality. The male aging process results in decreasing testosterone levels over time. The exact mechanisms and impact of these changes in testosterone levels with age on health- and life-span are still not completely clear. Further research is needed to determine the optimal testosterone and androgen levels to protect from chronic age-related conditions such as frailty and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M. Ketchem
- grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | | | - Carlos M. Isales
- grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Departments of Medicine, Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
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4
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Canjuga D, Steinle H, Mayer J, Uhde AK, Klein G, Wendel HP, Schlensak C, Avci-Adali M. Homing of mRNA-Modified Endothelial Progenitor Cells to Inflamed Endothelium. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061194. [PMID: 35745767 PMCID: PMC9229815 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are one of the most important stem cells for the neovascularization of tissues damaged by ischemic diseases such as myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, or critical limb ischemia. However, their low homing efficiency in the treatment of ischemic tissues limits their potential clinical applications. The use of synthetic messenger RNA (mRNA) for cell engineering represents a novel and promising technology for the modulation of cell behavior and tissue regeneration. To improve the therapeutic potential of EPCs, in this study, murine EPCs were engineered with synthetic mRNAs encoding C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1) to increase the homing and migration efficiency of EPCs to inflamed endothelium. Flow cytometric measurements revealed that the transfection of EPCs with CXCR4 and PSGL-1 mRNA resulted in increased expressions of CXCR4 and PSGL-1 on the cell surface compared with the unmodified EPCs. The transfection of EPCs with mRNAs did not affect cell viability. CXCR4-mRNA-modified EPCs showed significantly higher migration potential than unmodified cells in a chemotactic migration assay. The binding strength of the EPCs to inflamed endothelium was determined with single-cell atomic force microscopy (AFM). This showed that the mRNA-modified EPCs required a three-fold higher detachment force to be released from the TNF-α-activated endothelium than unmodified EPCs. Furthermore, in a dynamic flow model, significantly increased binding of the mRNA-modified EPCs to inflamed endothelium was detected. This study showed that the engineering of EPCs with homing factors encoding synthetic mRNAs increases the homing and migration potentials of these stem cells to inflamed endothelium. Thus, this strategy represents a promising strategy to increase the therapeutic potential of EPCs for the treatment of ischemic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Canjuga
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (D.C.); (H.S.); (J.M.); (A.-K.U.); (H.P.W.); (C.S.)
| | - Heidrun Steinle
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (D.C.); (H.S.); (J.M.); (A.-K.U.); (H.P.W.); (C.S.)
| | - Jana Mayer
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (D.C.); (H.S.); (J.M.); (A.-K.U.); (H.P.W.); (C.S.)
| | - Ann-Kristin Uhde
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (D.C.); (H.S.); (J.M.); (A.-K.U.); (H.P.W.); (C.S.)
| | - Gerd Klein
- Center for Medical Research, Department of Medicine II, University of Tuebingen, Waldhörnlestraße 22, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany;
| | - Hans Peter Wendel
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (D.C.); (H.S.); (J.M.); (A.-K.U.); (H.P.W.); (C.S.)
| | - Christian Schlensak
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (D.C.); (H.S.); (J.M.); (A.-K.U.); (H.P.W.); (C.S.)
| | - Meltem Avci-Adali
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (D.C.); (H.S.); (J.M.); (A.-K.U.); (H.P.W.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-7071-29-86605; Fax: +49-7071-29-3617
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5
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Soliman AM, Das S, Mahakkanukrauh P. Inflammatory Molecular Mediators and Pathways Involved in Vascular Aging and Stroke: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:5522-5542. [PMID: 34488579 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210901122359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is an increase in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases with aging and it is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The main cardiovascular pathologies include atherosclerosis, stroke, myocardial infarction, hypertension and stroke. Chronic inflammation is one of the significant contributors to the age-related vascular diseases. Therefore, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms of the persistent inflammatory conditions occurring in the blood vessels as well as the signaling pathways involved. Herein, we performed an extant search of literature involving PubMed, ISI, WoS and Scopus databases for retrieving all relevant articles with the most recent findings illustrating the potential role of various inflammatory mediators along with their proposed activated pathways in the pathogenesis and progression of vascular aging. We also highlight the major pathways contributing to age-related vascular disorders. The outlined molecular mechanisms, pathways and mediators of vascular aging represent potential drug targets that can be utilized to inhibit and/or slow the pathogenesis and progression of vascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amro M Soliman
- Department of Biological Sciences-Physiology, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3. Canada
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Human & Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.C. 123, Al Khoud, Muscat. Oman
| | - Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh
- Department of Anatomy & Excellence center of Osteology Research and Training, Cadaveric Surgical and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200. Thailand
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6
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Gao L, Zheng WG, Wu XK, Du GH, Qin XM. Baicalein Delays H 2O 2-Induced Astrocytic Senescence through Inhibition of Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP), Suppression of JAK2/STAT1/NF-κB Pathway, and Regulation of Leucine Metabolism. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2320-2335. [PMID: 34152720 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Baicalein is an active ingredient extracted from the dried roots of the Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. It has been demonstrated to improve memory impairment in multiple animal models; however, the underlying mechanisms remain ambiguous. The accumulation of senescent astrocytes and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) secreted by senescent astrocytes has been deemed as potential contributors to neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, this study explored the protective effects of baicalein against astrocyte senescence and investigated the molecular mechanisms and metabolic mechanisms of baicalein against astrocyte senescence. Our results demonstrated that treatment with baicalein protects T98G cells from H2O2-induced damage, delays cell senescence, inhibits the secretion of SASP (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, CXCL1, and MMP-1), and inhibits SASP-related pathways NF-κB and JAK2/STAT1. 1H NMR metabolomics analysis and correlation analysis revealed that leucine was significantly correlated with SASP factors. Further study demonstrated that supplement with leucine could restrain SASP secretion, and baicalein could significantly increase leucine level through down-regulation of BCAT1 and up-regulation of SLC7A5 expression. The above results revealed that baicalein exerted protective and antisenescence effects in H2O2-induced T98G cells possibly through inhibition of SASP, suppression of JAK2/STAT1/NF-κB pathway, and regulation of leucine metabolism. Consistent results were obtained in primary astrocytes of newborn SD rats, which suggests that baicalein significantly increases viabilities, delays senescence, inhibits IL-6 secretion, and increases leucine level in H2O2-induced primary astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Minstry of Education, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Wen-ge Zheng
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Minstry of Education, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xing-kang Wu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Minstry of Education, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Guan-hua Du
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xue-mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Minstry of Education, Taiyuan 030006, China
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7
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Chen LL, Zhang DR, Li J, Wang HM, Song CH, Tang X, Guan Y, Chang Y, Wang WF. Albicanol Alleviates D-Galactose-Induced Aging and Improves Behavioral Ability Via by Alleviating Oxidative Stress-Induced Damage. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1058-1067. [PMID: 33761044 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03220-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Albicanol is a natural terpenoid derived from Dryopteris fragrans. Herein, we assessed the ability of Albicanol to protect against oxidative stress-induced senescence. Using a murine model of D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging, we determined that Albicanol treatment can reverse D-gal-mediated learning impairments and behavioral changes, while also remediating brain tissue damage in treated mice. We found that serum SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and T-AOC levels were significantly decreased in aging mice, and that Albicanol treatment significantly increased the serum levels of these antioxidant enzymes. We additionally evaluated the impact of Albicanol treatment on the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, and found that it was able to decrease Keap1 expression while increasing the expression of Nrf2, thereby activating this signaling pathway, suppressing oxidative damage, and enhancing the expression of downstream target genes including SOD, GSH, GST, HO-1, and NQO1 in this murine aging model system. Albicanol treatment also inhibited the secretion of inflammatory TNF-a and IL-1b. Together, these data indicated that Albicanol can activate Nrf2 pathway-related genes, thereby inhibition of delayed aging by alleviating oxidative stress-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ling Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Dong Rui Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - He Meng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Chun Hua Song
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xun Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yalin Guan
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ying Chang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Wen Fei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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8
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Sanada F, Fujikawa T, Shibata K, Taniyama Y, Rakugi H, Morishita R. Therapeutic Angiogenesis Using HGF Plasmid. Ann Vasc Dis 2020; 13:109-115. [PMID: 32595785 PMCID: PMC7315247 DOI: 10.3400/avd.ra.20-00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is secreted from stromal and mesenchymal cells, and its receptor cMet is expressed on various types of cells such as smooth muscle cells, fibroblast, and endothelial cells. HGF stimulates epithelial and endothelial cell proliferation, motility, and morphogenesis in a paracrine and autocrine manner, organizing multistep of angiogenesis in many organs. In addition, HGF is recognized as a potent anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic growth factor, which has been proved in several animal studies, including neointimal hyperplasia and acute myocardial infarction model in rodent. Thus, as compared to other angiogenic growth factors, HGF exerts multiple effects on ischemic tissues, accompanied by the regression of tissue inflammation and fibrosis. These data suggest the therapeutic potential of the HGF for peripheral artery disease as it being accompanied with chronic tissue inflammation and fibrosis. In the present narrative review, the pleiotropic action of the HGF that differentiates it from other angiogenic growth factors is discussed first, and later, outcomes of the human clinical study with gene therapy are overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Sanada
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Fujikawa
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kana Shibata
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Taniyama
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Morishita
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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9
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Yang JX, Pan YY, Wang XX, Qiu YG, Mao W. Endothelial progenitor cells in age-related vascular remodeling. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:786-795. [PMID: 29882417 PMCID: PMC6047273 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718779345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) could facilitate the reendothelialization of injured arteries by replacing the dysfunctional endothelial cells, thereby suppressing the formation of neointima. Meanwhile, other findings suggest that EPCs may be involved in the pathogenesis of age-related vascular remodeling. This review is presented to summarize the characteristics of EPCs and age-related vascular remodeling. In addition, the role of EPCs in age-related vascular remodeling and possible solutions for improving the therapeutic effects of EPCs in the treatment of age-related diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xiu Yang
- 1 Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China.,2 Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Yun Pan
- 1 Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Xiang Wang
- 2 Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Gang Qiu
- 1 Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Wei Mao
- 1 Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
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10
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Sanada F, Taniyama Y, Muratsu J, Otsu R, Shimizu H, Rakugi H, Morishita R. Gene-Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Angiogenesis in Peripheral Artery Disease. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 5:E31. [PMID: 29601487 PMCID: PMC6024305 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization announced that cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death globally, representing 31% of all global deaths. Coronary artery disease (CAD) affects approximately 5% of the US population aged 40 years and older. With an age-adjusted prevalence of approximately 12%, peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects at least 8 to 12 million Americans. Both CAD and PAD are caused by mainly atherosclerosis, the hardening and narrowing of arteries over the years by lipid deposition in the vascular bed. Despite the significant advances in interventions for revascularization and intensive medical care, patients with CAD or PAD who undergo percutaneous transluminal angioplasty have a persistent high rate of myocardial infarction, amputation, and death. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed for these patients. To overcome this unmet need, therapeutic angiogenesis using angiogenic growth factors has evolved in an attempt to stimulate the growth of new vasculature to compensate for tissue ischemia. After nearly 20 years of investigation, there is growing evidence of successful or unsuccessful gene therapy for ischemic heart and limb disease. This review will discuss basic and clinical data of therapeutic angiogenesis studies employing angiogenic growth factors for PAD patients and will draw conclusions on the basis of our current understanding of the biological processes of new vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Sanada
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Taniyama
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Jun Muratsu
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Rei Otsu
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Hideo Shimizu
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Ryuichi Morishita
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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11
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Sanada F, Taniyama Y, Muratsu J, Otsu R, Shimizu H, Rakugi H, Morishita R. Source of Chronic Inflammation in Aging. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:12. [PMID: 29564335 PMCID: PMC5850851 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex process that results from a combination of environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors. A chronic pro-inflammatory status is a pervasive feature of aging. This chronic low-grade inflammation occurring in the absence of overt infection has been defined as “inflammaging” and represents a significant risk factor for morbidity and mortality in the elderly. The low-grade inflammation persists even after reversing pro-inflammatory stimuli such as LDL cholesterol and the renin–angiotensin system (RAS). Recently, several possible sources of chronic low-grade inflammation observed during aging and age-related diseases have been proposed. Cell senescence and dysregulation of innate immunity is one such mechanism by which persistent prolonged inflammation occurs even after the initial stimulus has been removed. Additionally, the coagulation factor that activates inflammatory signaling beyond its role in the coagulation system has been identified. This signal could be a new source of chronic inflammation and cell senescence. Here, we summarized the factors and cellular pathways/processes that are known to regulate low-grade persistent inflammation in aging and age-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Sanada
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Taniyama
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Jun Muratsu
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Rei Otsu
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hideo Shimizu
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Morishita
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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12
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Fan ZG, Qu XL, Chu P, Gao YL, Gao XF, Chen SL, Tian NL. MicroRNA-210 promotes angiogenesis in acute myocardial infarction. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:5658-5665. [PMID: 29484401 PMCID: PMC5866007 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-210 (miRNA-210) has been reported to be associated with angiogenesis and may serve important roles in acute myocardial infarction (AMI), which remain unclear. The present study sought to evaluate the efficacy of miRNA‑210 in AMI and to examine the potential associated mechanisms. AMI models were established in Sprague‑Dawley rats. The expression of miRNA‑210 was upregulated via transfection with lentivirus‑mediated agonists and quantitative analysis was performed using the reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR). Immunoblotting and RT‑qPCR were separately used to detect the expression levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in heart samples, while only the protein expression level of β‑myosin heavy chain (β‑MHC) was assessed. The expression of HGF in human umbilical vein endothelial cells under hypoxic conditions was silenced by transfecting with small interfering RNA, as demonstrated by the determination of associated protein expression levels. The microvessel density (MVD) of the infarcted myocardium was selected to be the angiogenesis efficacy endpoint, which was evaluated by platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule immunostaining. Markedly increased expression of HGF was observed among the AMI rats receiving miRNA‑210 agonists, demonstrated via quantitative analyses using RT‑qPCR or western blotting. Promotion of angiogenesis was observed with the increased MVD. Improved cardiac function in the rats was subsequently noted, as they exhibited improved left ventricular fractional shortening and left ventricular ejection fraction percentages, which may result from improved cardiac contractility indicated by attenuating the increase in β‑MHC protein expression. Overexpression of miRNA‑210 appeared to be an advantageous therapeutic tool for treating AMI, primarily due to its promoting effects on angiogenesis in the infarcted myocardium by stimulating HGF expression and inducing improved left ventricular remodeling, leading to improved cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Guo Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Liang Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Peng Chu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Li Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Fei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Liang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Nai-Liang Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
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13
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Sanada F, Taniyama Y, Muratsu J, Otsu R, Shimizu H, Rakugi H, Morishita R. IGF Binding Protein-5 Induces Cell Senescence. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:53. [PMID: 29515523 PMCID: PMC5826077 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is the complex process of deterioration that drives the aging of an organism, resulting in the progressive loss of organ function and eventually phenotypic aging. Senescent cells undergo irreversible growth arrest, usually by inducing telomere shortening. Alternatively, senescence may also occur prematurely in response to various stress stimuli, such as oxidative stress, DNA damage, or activated oncogenes. Recently, it has been shown that IGF binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) with the induction of the tumor suppressor p53 is upregulated during cellular senescence. This mechanism mediates interleukin-6/gp130-induced premature senescence in human fibroblasts, irradiation-induced premature senescence in human endothelial cells (ECs), and replicative senescence in human ECs independent of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-II. Additionally, a link between IGFBP-5, hyper-coagulation, and inflammation, which occur with age, has been implicated. Thus, IGFBP-5 seems to play decisive roles in controlling cell senescence and cell inflammation. In this review, we describe the accumulating evidence for this role of IGFBP-5 including our new finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Sanada
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Fumihiro Sanada, ; Ryuichi Morishita,
| | - Yoshiaki Taniyama
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Muratsu
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rei Otsu
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideo Shimizu
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Morishita
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Fumihiro Sanada, ; Ryuichi Morishita,
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14
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Tan X, Juan FG, Shah AQ. Involvement of endothelial progenitor cells in the formation of plexiform lesions in broiler chickens: possible role of local immune/inflammatory response. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2017; 18:59-69. [PMID: 28070997 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Plexiform lesions (PLs), which are often accompanied by perivascular infiltrates of mononuclear cells, represent the hallmark lesions of pulmonary arteries in humans suffering from severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been recently implicated in the formation of PLs in human patients. PLs rarely develop in rodent animal models of PAH but can develop spontaneously in broiler chickens. The aim of the present study was to confirm the presence of EPCs in the PLs in broilers. The immune mechanisms involved in EPC dysfunction were also evaluated. Lungs were collected from commercial broilers at 1 to 4 weeks of age. The right/total ventricle ratios indicated normal pulmonary arterial pressures for all sampled birds. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the expressions of EPC markers (CD133 and VEGFR-2) and proangiogenic molecule hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in the lung samples. An EPC/lymphocyte co-culture system was used to investigate the functional changes of EPCs under the challenge of immune cells. PLs with different cellular composition were detected in the lungs of broilers regardless of age, and they were commonly surrounded by moderate to dense perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrates. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed the presence of CD133+ and VEGFR-2+ cells in PLs. These structures also exhibited a strong expression of HGF. Lymphocyte co-culture enhanced EPC apoptosis and completely blocked HGF-stimulated EPC survival and in vitro tube formation. Taken together, this work provides evidence for the involvement of EPCs in the development of PLs in broilers. It is suggested that the local immune cell infiltrate might serve as a contributor to EPC dysfunction by inducing EPC death and limiting their response to angiogenic stimuli. Broiler chickens may be valuable for investigating reversibility of plexogenic arteriopathy using gene-modified inflammation-resistant EPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Tan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fan-Guo Juan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ali Q Shah
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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15
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Muratsu J, Iwabayashi M, Sanada F, Taniyama Y, Otsu R, Rakugi H, Morishita R. Hepatocyte Growth Factor Prevented High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Improved Insulin Resistance in Mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:130. [PMID: 28273932 PMCID: PMC5427909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00199-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its associated chronic inflammation in adipose tissue initiate insulin resistance, which is related to several pathologies including hypertension and atherosclerosis. Previous reports demonstrated that circulating hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) level was associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, its precise role in obesity and related-pathology is unclear. In this experiment, cardiac-specific over-expression of human HGF in mice (HGF-Tg mice) which showed 4–5 times higher serum HGF levels than wild-type mice were used. While body weight in wild-type mice fed with high fat diet (HFD) for 14 weeks was significantly increased accompanied with insulin resistance, HGF-Tg mice prevented body weight gain and insulin resistance. The accumulation of macrophages and elevated levels of inflammatory mediators in adipose tissue were significantly inhibited in HGF-Tg mice as compared to wild-type mice. The HFD-induced obesity in wild-type mice treated with HGF-neutralizing antibody showed an exacerbated response to the glucose tolerance test. These gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies demonstrated that the elevated HGF level induced by HFD have protective role against obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Muratsu
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iwabayashi
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Sanada
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Taniyama
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Rei Otsu
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Morishita
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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16
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Van Pham P, Vu NB, Truong MTH, Huynh OT, Nguyen HT, Pham HL, Phan NK. Hepatocyte growth factor improves direct reprogramming of fibroblasts towards endothelial progenitor cells via ETV2 transduction. BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND THERAPY 2016. [DOI: 10.7603/s40730-016-0045-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Libetta C, Esposito P, Martinelli C, Grosjean F, Gregorini M, Rampino T, Dal Canton A. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and hemodialysis: physiopathology and clinical implications. Clin Exp Nephrol 2016; 20:371-8. [PMID: 26676905 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-015-1211-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a pleiotropic cytokine which exerts a variety of effects on several cells, being involved in the regulation of many biological processes, such as inflammation, tissue repair, morphogenesis, angiogenesis, tumour propagation, immunomodulation of viral infections and cardio-metabolic activities. Patients undergoing regular hemodialysis (HD) present elevated levels of HGF, mainly due to the leukocyte activation associated with HD treatment. High HGF levels might account for specific clinical features of HD patients, i.e. mild liver damage in course of HCV-infection and high cardiovascular risk profile. Moreover, in patients with acute kidney injury, the induction of HGF may represent a crucial step to promote renal recovery, which can have important prognostic consequences in the short and long-term. In this review we discuss the mechanisms underlying HGF production in HD patients, the role of HGF in this particular patient population and the potential clinical implications derived from the study of HGF in HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Libetta
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Piazzale Golgi 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pasquale Esposito
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Piazzale Golgi 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Claudia Martinelli
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Piazzale Golgi 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Grosjean
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Piazzale Golgi 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marilena Gregorini
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Piazzale Golgi 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Teresa Rampino
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Piazzale Golgi 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Dal Canton
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Piazzale Golgi 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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18
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Rurali E, Bassetti B, Perrucci GL, Zanobini M, Malafronte C, Achilli F, Gambini E. BM ageing: Implication for cell therapy with EPCs. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 159:4-13. [PMID: 27045606 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) is a well-recognized source of stem/progenitor cells for cell therapy in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to reparative process of vascular endothelium and participate in angiogenesis. As for all organs and cells across the lifespan, BM and EPCs are negatively impacted by ageing due to microenvironment modifications and EPC progressive dysfunctions. The encouraging results in terms of neovascularization observed in young animals after EPC administration were mitigated in aged patients treated for ischemic CVDs. The limited efficacy of EPC-based therapy in clinical setting might be ascribed at least partly to ageing. In this review, we comprehensively discussed the age-related changes of BM and EPCs and their implication for cardiovascular cell-therapies. Finally, we examined alternative approaches under investigation to enhance EPC potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Rurali
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bassetti
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lorenzo Perrucci
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Zanobini
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Felice Achilli
- Cardiology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Elisa Gambini
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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19
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Abstract
Met tyrosine kinase receptor, also known as c-Met, is the HGF (hepatocyte growth factor) receptor. The HGF/Met pathway has a prominent role in cardiovascular remodelling after tissue injury. The present review provides a synopsis of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of HGF/Met in the heart and blood vessels. In vivo, HGF/Met function is particularly important for the protection of the heart in response to both acute and chronic insults, including ischaemic injury and doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Accordingly, conditional deletion of Met in cardiomyocytes results in impaired organ defence against oxidative stress. After ischaemic injury, activation of Met provides strong anti-apoptotic stimuli for cardiomyocytes through PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/Akt and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) cascades. Recently, we found that HGF/Met is also important for autophagy regulation in cardiomyocytes via the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway. HGF/Met induces proliferation and migration of endothelial cells through Rac1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1) activation. In fibroblasts, HGF/Met antagonizes the actions of TGFβ1 (transforming growth factor β1) and AngII (angiotensin II), thus preventing fibrosis. Moreover, HGF/Met influences the inflammatory response of macrophages and the immune response of dendritic cells, indicating its protective function against atherosclerotic and autoimmune diseases. The HGF/Met axis also plays an important role in regulating self-renewal and myocardial regeneration through the enhancement of cardiac progenitor cells. HGF/Met has beneficial effects against myocardial infarction and endothelial dysfunction: the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying repair function in the heart and blood vessels are common and include pro-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic actions. Thus administration of HGF or HGF mimetics may represent a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of both coronary and peripheral artery disease.
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20
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Critical Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species in Age-Related Impairment in Ischemia-Induced Neovascularization by Regulating Stem and Progenitor Cell Function. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:7095901. [PMID: 26697140 PMCID: PMC4677240 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7095901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate bone marrow microenvironment for stem and progenitor cells functions including self-renewal, differentiation, and cell senescence. In response to ischemia, ROS also play a critical role in mediating the mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from the bone marrow to the sites of ischemic injury, which contributes to postnatal neovascularization. Aging is an unavoidable biological deteriorative process with a progressive decline in physiological functions. It is associated with increased oxidative stress and impaired ischemia-induced neovascularization. This review discusses the roles of ROS in regulating stem and progenitor cell function, highlighting the impact of unbalanced ROS levels on EPC dysfunction and the association with age-related impairment in ischemia-induced neovascularization. Furthermore, it discusses strategies that modulate the oxidative levels of stem and progenitor cells to enhance the therapeutic potential for elderly patients with cardiovascular disease.
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21
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Angiotensin II-derived reactive oxygen species promote angiogenesis in human late endothelial progenitor cells through heme oxygenase-1 via ERK1/2 and AKT/PI3K pathways. Inflammation 2015; 37:858-70. [PMID: 24442713 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-013-9806-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II), the main component of renin-angiotensin system, could mediate pathogenic angiogenesis in cardiovascular disorders. Late endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) possess potent self-renewal and angiogenic potency superior to early EPCs, but few study focused on the cross-talk between Ang II and late EPCs. We observed that Ang II could increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promote capillary formation in late EPCs. Ang II-derived ROS could also upregulate heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, and treating late EPCs with HO-1 small interfering RNA or heme oxygenase inhibitor (HO inhibitor) could inhibit Ang II-induced tube formation and increase ROS level and apoptosis rate. In addition, PD98059 and LY294002 pretreatment attenuated Ang II-induced HO-1 expression. Accordingly, Ang II-derived ROS could promote angiogenesis in late EPCs by inducing HO-1 expression via ERK1/2 and AKT/PI3K pathways, and we believe HO-1 might be a promising intervention target in EPCs due to its potent proangiogenic, antioxidant, and antiapoptosis potentials.
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22
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Sanada F, Taniyama Y, Kanbara Y, Otsu R, Ikeda-Iwabu Y, Carracedo M, Rakugi H, Morishita R. Gene therapy in peripheral artery disease. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 15:381-90. [PMID: 25633211 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1007039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the remarkable progress of medicine and endovascular procedures for revascularization, patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) remain at high risk for amputation and often have a low quality of life due to pain and ulcers in the ischemic leg. Thus, a novel strategy for generating new blood vessels in CLI patients without treatment options is vital. Pre-clinical studies and Phase I clinical trials using VEGF and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) demonstrated promising results; however, more rigorous Phase II and III clinical trials failed to demonstrate benefits for CLI patients. Recently, two multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials in Japan (Phase III) and the USA (Phase II) showed the benefits of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) gene therapy for CLI patients. Although the number of patients included in these trials was relatively small, these results imply a distinct beneficial function for HGF over other angiogenic growth factors in a clinical setting. AREAS COVERED In this review, data from Phase I-III clinical trials of gene therapy for patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) are examined. In addition, the potential mechanisms behind the success or failure of clinical trials are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Compared with VEGF and FGF, HGF has a unique molecular effect on inflammation, fibrosis and cell senescence under pathological conditions. These features may explain the clinical benefits of HGF in PAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Sanada
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy , Suita, Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
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23
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Cifuentes D, Poittevin M, Dere E, Broquères-You D, Bonnin P, Benessiano J, Pocard M, Mariani J, Kubis N, Merkulova-Rainon T, Lévy BI. Hypertension Accelerates the Progression of Alzheimer-Like Pathology in a Mouse Model of the Disease. Hypertension 2015; 65:218-24. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.04139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular impairment is frequent in patients with Alzheimer disease and is believed to influence clinical manifestation and severity of the disease. Cardiovascular risk factors, especially hypertension, have been associated with higher risk of developing Alzheimer disease. To investigate the mechanisms underlying the hypertension, Alzheimer disease cross talk, we established a mouse model of dual pathology by infusing hypertensive doses of angiotensin II into transgenic APPPS1 mice overexpressing mutated human amyloid precursor and presenilin 1 proteins. At 4.5 months, at the early stage of disease progression, only hypertensive APPPS1 mice presented impairment of temporal order memory performance in the episodic-like memory task. This cognitive deficit was associated with an increased number of cortical amyloid deposits (223±5 versus 207±5 plaques/mm
2
;
P
<0.05) and a 2-fold increase in soluble amyloid levels in the brain and in plasma. Hypertensive APPPS1 mice presented several cerebrovascular alterations, including a 25% reduction in cerebral microvessel density and a 30% to 40% increase in cerebral vascular amyloid deposits, as well as a decrease in vascular endothelial growth factor A expression in the brain, compared with normotensive APPPS1 mice. Moreover, the brain levels of nitric oxide synthase 1 and 3 and the nitrite/nitrate levels were reduced in hypertensive APPPS1 mice (by 49%, 34%, and 33%, respectively, compared with wild-type mice;
P
<0.05). Our results indicate that hypertension accelerates the development of Alzheimer disease–related structural and functional alterations, partially through cerebral vasculature impairment and reduced nitric oxide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cifuentes
- From the Institut des Vaisseaux et du Sang, Paris, France (D.C., M.P., D.B.-Y., T.M.-R., B.I.L.); INSERM, U965, Paris, France (D.C., M.P., D.B.-Y., P.B., M.P., N.K., T.M.-R.); Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany (E.D.); Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.B., M.P., N.K., B.I.L.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (P.B., N.K.); AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat—Claude-Bernard, Paris, France (J.B.); CNRS UMR 8256, Paris, France (J.M.); and INSERM,
| | - Marine Poittevin
- From the Institut des Vaisseaux et du Sang, Paris, France (D.C., M.P., D.B.-Y., T.M.-R., B.I.L.); INSERM, U965, Paris, France (D.C., M.P., D.B.-Y., P.B., M.P., N.K., T.M.-R.); Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany (E.D.); Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.B., M.P., N.K., B.I.L.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (P.B., N.K.); AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat—Claude-Bernard, Paris, France (J.B.); CNRS UMR 8256, Paris, France (J.M.); and INSERM,
| | - Ekrem Dere
- From the Institut des Vaisseaux et du Sang, Paris, France (D.C., M.P., D.B.-Y., T.M.-R., B.I.L.); INSERM, U965, Paris, France (D.C., M.P., D.B.-Y., P.B., M.P., N.K., T.M.-R.); Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany (E.D.); Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.B., M.P., N.K., B.I.L.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (P.B., N.K.); AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat—Claude-Bernard, Paris, France (J.B.); CNRS UMR 8256, Paris, France (J.M.); and INSERM,
| | - Dong Broquères-You
- From the Institut des Vaisseaux et du Sang, Paris, France (D.C., M.P., D.B.-Y., T.M.-R., B.I.L.); INSERM, U965, Paris, France (D.C., M.P., D.B.-Y., P.B., M.P., N.K., T.M.-R.); Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany (E.D.); Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.B., M.P., N.K., B.I.L.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (P.B., N.K.); AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat—Claude-Bernard, Paris, France (J.B.); CNRS UMR 8256, Paris, France (J.M.); and INSERM,
| | - Philippe Bonnin
- From the Institut des Vaisseaux et du Sang, Paris, France (D.C., M.P., D.B.-Y., T.M.-R., B.I.L.); INSERM, U965, Paris, France (D.C., M.P., D.B.-Y., P.B., M.P., N.K., T.M.-R.); Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany (E.D.); Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.B., M.P., N.K., B.I.L.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (P.B., N.K.); AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat—Claude-Bernard, Paris, France (J.B.); CNRS UMR 8256, Paris, France (J.M.); and INSERM,
| | - Joëlle Benessiano
- From the Institut des Vaisseaux et du Sang, Paris, France (D.C., M.P., D.B.-Y., T.M.-R., B.I.L.); INSERM, U965, Paris, France (D.C., M.P., D.B.-Y., P.B., M.P., N.K., T.M.-R.); Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany (E.D.); Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.B., M.P., N.K., B.I.L.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (P.B., N.K.); AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat—Claude-Bernard, Paris, France (J.B.); CNRS UMR 8256, Paris, France (J.M.); and INSERM,
| | - Marc Pocard
- From the Institut des Vaisseaux et du Sang, Paris, France (D.C., M.P., D.B.-Y., T.M.-R., B.I.L.); INSERM, U965, Paris, France (D.C., M.P., D.B.-Y., P.B., M.P., N.K., T.M.-R.); Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany (E.D.); Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.B., M.P., N.K., B.I.L.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (P.B., N.K.); AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat—Claude-Bernard, Paris, France (J.B.); CNRS UMR 8256, Paris, France (J.M.); and INSERM,
| | - Jean Mariani
- From the Institut des Vaisseaux et du Sang, Paris, France (D.C., M.P., D.B.-Y., T.M.-R., B.I.L.); INSERM, U965, Paris, France (D.C., M.P., D.B.-Y., P.B., M.P., N.K., T.M.-R.); Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany (E.D.); Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.B., M.P., N.K., B.I.L.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (P.B., N.K.); AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat—Claude-Bernard, Paris, France (J.B.); CNRS UMR 8256, Paris, France (J.M.); and INSERM,
| | - Nathalie Kubis
- From the Institut des Vaisseaux et du Sang, Paris, France (D.C., M.P., D.B.-Y., T.M.-R., B.I.L.); INSERM, U965, Paris, France (D.C., M.P., D.B.-Y., P.B., M.P., N.K., T.M.-R.); Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany (E.D.); Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.B., M.P., N.K., B.I.L.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (P.B., N.K.); AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat—Claude-Bernard, Paris, France (J.B.); CNRS UMR 8256, Paris, France (J.M.); and INSERM,
| | - Tatyana Merkulova-Rainon
- From the Institut des Vaisseaux et du Sang, Paris, France (D.C., M.P., D.B.-Y., T.M.-R., B.I.L.); INSERM, U965, Paris, France (D.C., M.P., D.B.-Y., P.B., M.P., N.K., T.M.-R.); Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany (E.D.); Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.B., M.P., N.K., B.I.L.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (P.B., N.K.); AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat—Claude-Bernard, Paris, France (J.B.); CNRS UMR 8256, Paris, France (J.M.); and INSERM,
| | - Bernard I. Lévy
- From the Institut des Vaisseaux et du Sang, Paris, France (D.C., M.P., D.B.-Y., T.M.-R., B.I.L.); INSERM, U965, Paris, France (D.C., M.P., D.B.-Y., P.B., M.P., N.K., T.M.-R.); Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany (E.D.); Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.B., M.P., N.K., B.I.L.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (P.B., N.K.); AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat—Claude-Bernard, Paris, France (J.B.); CNRS UMR 8256, Paris, France (J.M.); and INSERM,
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Peña-Silva RA, Chalouhi N, Wegman-Points L, Ali M, Mitchell I, Pierce GL, Chu Y, Ballas ZK, Heistad D, Hasan D. Novel role for endogenous hepatocyte growth factor in the pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysms. Hypertension 2014; 65:587-93. [PMID: 25510828 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.04681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a key role in formation and rupture of intracranial aneurysms. Because hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) protects against vascular inflammation, we sought to assess the role of endogenous HGF in the pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysms. Circulating HGF concentrations in blood samples drawn from the lumen of human intracranial aneurysms or femoral arteries were compared in 16 patients. Tissue from superficial temporal arteries and ruptured or unruptured intracranial aneurysms collected from patients undergoing clipping (n=10) were immunostained with antibodies to HGF and its receptor c-Met. Intracranial aneurysms were induced in mice treated with PF-04217903 (a c-Met antagonist) or vehicle. Expression of inflammatory molecules was also measured in cultured human endothelial, smooth muscle cells and monocytes treated with lipopolysaccharides in presence or absence of HGF and PF-04217903. We found that HGF concentrations were significantly higher in blood collected from human intracranial aneurysms (1076±656 pg/mL) than in femoral arteries (196±436 pg/mL; P<0.001). HGF and c-Met were detected by immunostaining in superficial temporal arteries and in both ruptured and unruptured human intracranial aneurysms. A c-Met antagonist did not alter the formation of intracranial aneurysms (P>0.05), but significantly increased the prevalence of subarachnoid hemorrhage and decreased survival in mice (P<0.05). HGF attenuated expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (P<0.05) and E-Selectin (P<0.05) in human aortic endothelial cells. In conclusion, plasma HGF concentrations are elevated in intracranial aneurysms. HGF and c-Met are expressed in superficial temporal arteries and in intracranial aneurysms. HGF signaling through c-Met may decrease inflammation in endothelial cells and protect against intracranial aneurysm rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Peña-Silva
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Neurosurgery, Medical School, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia (R.A.P.-S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (N.C.); Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City (L.W.-P., G.L.P.); Departments of Neurosurgery (M.A., I.M., Y.C., D. Hasan) and Medicine (Y.C., Z.K.B., D. Heistad), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City; and Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA (Z.K.B.)
| | - Nohra Chalouhi
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Neurosurgery, Medical School, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia (R.A.P.-S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (N.C.); Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City (L.W.-P., G.L.P.); Departments of Neurosurgery (M.A., I.M., Y.C., D. Hasan) and Medicine (Y.C., Z.K.B., D. Heistad), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City; and Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA (Z.K.B.)
| | - Lauren Wegman-Points
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Neurosurgery, Medical School, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia (R.A.P.-S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (N.C.); Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City (L.W.-P., G.L.P.); Departments of Neurosurgery (M.A., I.M., Y.C., D. Hasan) and Medicine (Y.C., Z.K.B., D. Heistad), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City; and Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA (Z.K.B.)
| | - Muhammad Ali
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Neurosurgery, Medical School, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia (R.A.P.-S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (N.C.); Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City (L.W.-P., G.L.P.); Departments of Neurosurgery (M.A., I.M., Y.C., D. Hasan) and Medicine (Y.C., Z.K.B., D. Heistad), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City; and Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA (Z.K.B.)
| | - Ian Mitchell
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Neurosurgery, Medical School, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia (R.A.P.-S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (N.C.); Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City (L.W.-P., G.L.P.); Departments of Neurosurgery (M.A., I.M., Y.C., D. Hasan) and Medicine (Y.C., Z.K.B., D. Heistad), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City; and Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA (Z.K.B.)
| | - Gary L Pierce
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Neurosurgery, Medical School, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia (R.A.P.-S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (N.C.); Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City (L.W.-P., G.L.P.); Departments of Neurosurgery (M.A., I.M., Y.C., D. Hasan) and Medicine (Y.C., Z.K.B., D. Heistad), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City; and Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA (Z.K.B.)
| | - Yi Chu
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Neurosurgery, Medical School, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia (R.A.P.-S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (N.C.); Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City (L.W.-P., G.L.P.); Departments of Neurosurgery (M.A., I.M., Y.C., D. Hasan) and Medicine (Y.C., Z.K.B., D. Heistad), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City; and Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA (Z.K.B.)
| | - Zuhair K Ballas
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Neurosurgery, Medical School, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia (R.A.P.-S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (N.C.); Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City (L.W.-P., G.L.P.); Departments of Neurosurgery (M.A., I.M., Y.C., D. Hasan) and Medicine (Y.C., Z.K.B., D. Heistad), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City; and Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA (Z.K.B.)
| | - Donald Heistad
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Neurosurgery, Medical School, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia (R.A.P.-S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (N.C.); Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City (L.W.-P., G.L.P.); Departments of Neurosurgery (M.A., I.M., Y.C., D. Hasan) and Medicine (Y.C., Z.K.B., D. Heistad), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City; and Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA (Z.K.B.)
| | - David Hasan
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Neurosurgery, Medical School, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia (R.A.P.-S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (N.C.); Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City (L.W.-P., G.L.P.); Departments of Neurosurgery (M.A., I.M., Y.C., D. Hasan) and Medicine (Y.C., Z.K.B., D. Heistad), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City; and Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA (Z.K.B.).
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Zhu C, Ikemoto T, Utsunomiya T, Yamada S, Morine Y, Imura S, Arakawa Y, Takasu C, Ishikawa D, Shimada M. Senescence-related genes possibly responsible for poor liver regeneration after hepatectomy in elderly patients. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 29:1102-8. [PMID: 24325248 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Liver regeneration likely decreases with age by an, as yet, incompletely understood mechanism, restricting the extent of hepatectomy. We therefore analyzed the effect of aging on liver regeneration and investigated mechanisms associate with poor regeneration of human liver. METHODS We assessed 130 patients who underwent hepatectomy at our institute between 2005 and 2012. The patients were divided into two groups, a younger (age < 65 years, n = 59) and an older (age > 65 years, n = 71) group. The expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), its ligand Met, and the senescence-related genes p16, SIRT1 and SMP30 were assessed by qRT-PCR. Simulated preoperative and 1 week and 6 month postoperative liver volumes were evaluated in 11 younger and 11 older patients using a 3D simulation imaging system. Regenerated liver volumes were calculated and compared with clinicopathological factors, and correlations between liver regeneration and gene expression were calculated. RESULTS HGF and Met expression was significantly lower, and p16 expression significantly higher in older than in younger patients (P < 0.05 each). Mean increases in liver volume after 6 months were significantly greater in younger than in older patients (396.5 mL, 45.6% vs 159.4 mL, 23.3%, P < 0.05) but did not differ significantly at 1 week. Furthermore, p16 expression was negatively correlated with liver regeneration in older patients (R = -0.67, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Poor liver regeneration in older patients may be associated with the upregulation of senescence-related genes, such as p16, and the downregulation of regeneration-promoting genes, such as HGF and Met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhan Zhu
- Department of Surgery, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
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26
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Sanada F, Taniyama Y, Azuma J, Yuka II, Kanbara Y, Iwabayashi M, Rakugi H, Morishita R. Therapeutic Angiogenesis by Gene Therapy for Critical Limb Ischemia: Choice of Biological Agent. IMMUNOLOGY, ENDOCRINE & METABOLIC AGENTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2014; 14:32-39. [PMID: 26005508 PMCID: PMC4435566 DOI: 10.2174/1871522213999131231105139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is caused by atherosclerosis, hardening and narrowing arteries over time due to buildup of fatty deposit in vascular bed called plaque. Severe blockage of an artery of the lower extremity markedly reduce blood flow, resulting in critical limb ischemia (CLI) manifested by a variety of clinical syndromes including rest pain in the feet or toes, ulcer and gangrene with infection. Despite significant advances in clinical care and interventions for revascularization, patients with CLI remain at high risk for amputation and cardiovascular death. To overcome this unmet need, therapeutic angiogenesis using angiogenic growth factors has evolved in an attempt to increase blood flow in ischemic limb. Initial animal studies and phase I clinical trials with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or fibroblast growth factor (FGF) demonstrated promising results, inspiring scientists to progress forward. However, more rigorous phase II and III clinical trials have failed to demonstrate beneficial effects of these angiogenic growth factors to date. Recently, two multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials in Japan (phase III) and US (phase II) demonstrated that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) gene therapy for CLI significant improved primary end points and tissue oxygenation up to two years in comparison to placebo. These clinical results implicate a distinct action of HGF on cellular processes involved in vascular remodeling under pathological condition. This review presents data from phase I-III clinical trials of therapeutic angiogenesis by gene therapy in patients with PAD. Further, we discuss the potential explanation for the success or failure of clinical trials in the context of the biological mechanisms underlying angiogenesis and vascular remodeling, including cellular senescence, inflammation, and tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshiaki Taniyama
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Junya Azuma
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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27
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Kusunoki H, Taniyama Y, Otsu R, Rakugi H, Morishita R. Anti-inflammatory effects of hepatocyte growth factor on the vicious cycle of macrophages and adipocytes. Hypertens Res 2014; 37:500-6. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2014.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Kusunoki H, Taniyama Y, Rakugi H, Morishita R. Cardiac and renal protective effects of irbesartan via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ-hepatocyte growth factor pathway independent of angiotensin II Type 1a receptor blockade in mouse model of salt-sensitive hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc 2013; 2:e000103. [PMID: 23608606 PMCID: PMC3647265 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.113.000103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND "Aldosterone breakthrough" observed in patients receiving long-term treatment with angiotensin blockade is strongly associated with increased risk of left ventricular hypertrophy, poor exercise capacity, refractory proteinuria, and declining glomerular filtration rate through the profibrotic actions of aldosterone. To overcome aldosterone breakthrough, we examined the additional organ-protective actions of irbesartan, because irbesartan is an angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blocker (ARB) with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ agonistic effects, which mediate organ-protective effects independent of AT1R blockade. In this study, we examined the organ-protective effects of irbesartan in a salt-sensitive hypertension model using AT1aR knockout mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Aldosterone and 1% NaCl treatment resulted in a significant increase in severe cardiac and renal fibrosis. Irbesartan, but not losartan, significantly reduced renal fibrosis, glomerular injury through inhibition of macrophage infiltration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and oxidative stress. Similarly, cardiac fibrosis and myocyte hypertrophy were decreased by irbesartan, but not losartan, treatment, associated with a significant reduction in oxidative stress. Importantly, anti-hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) neutralizing antibody and a PPARγ antagonist (GW9662) attenuated these organ-protective effects of irbesartan. HGF protein level was increased by irbesartan, especially in the kidney and heart, while GW9662 treatment inhibited the increase in HGF level. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we showed that irbesartan, which has not only AT1aR-blocking effects, but also PPARγ agonistic effects accompanied by HGF expression, inhibited organ damage by aldosterone and salt treatment. Second-generation ARBs such as irbesartan, which has the dual actions of AT1R blockade and PPARγ activation, may have clinical value for the treatment of hypertensive patients with aldosterone breakthrough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kusunoki
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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29
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Shimizu K, Taniyama Y, Sanada F, Azuma J, Iwabayashi M, Iekushi K, Rakugi H, Morishita R. Hepatocyte Growth Factor Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Oxidative Stress via Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor Degradation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:2687-93. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) triggers sepsis and systemic inflammatory response syndrome, which results in multiple organ failure. Our recent reports demonstrated that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) attenuated angiotensin II–induced oxidative stress via epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) degradation in vascular smooth muscle cells. Here, we examined whether HGF can protect against systemic inflammatory response syndrome induced by LPS and investigated the mechanism.
Methods and Results—
HGF inhibited the increase in the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and EGFR by LPS in vitro. HGF inhibited colocalization of EGFR and Src homology domain 2–containing inositol 5′-phosphatase 2. Furthermore, HGF inhibited reactive oxygen species production. We also injected LPS into HGF transgenic mice with increased HGF serum concentration and their littermates. HGF transgenic mice reduced LPS-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and reactive oxygen species compared with control, accompanied by significant EGFR degradation. Furthermore, HGF transgenic mice significantly improved survival in the LPS injection model.
Conclusion—
The present study revealed inhibition of LPS-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression by HGF via the degradation of EGFR. We demonstrated that HGF regulated Src homology domain 2–containing inositol 5′-phosphatase 2 recruitment to EGFR and inhibited LPS-induced inflammation via EGFR degradation. This effect of HGF may be useful for the treatment of inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Shimizu
- From the Departments of Clinical Gene Therapy (K.S., Y.T., F.S., J.A., M.I., K.I., R.M.) and Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology (Y.T., J.A., K.I., H.R.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Taniyama
- From the Departments of Clinical Gene Therapy (K.S., Y.T., F.S., J.A., M.I., K.I., R.M.) and Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology (Y.T., J.A., K.I., H.R.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Sanada
- From the Departments of Clinical Gene Therapy (K.S., Y.T., F.S., J.A., M.I., K.I., R.M.) and Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology (Y.T., J.A., K.I., H.R.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan
| | - Junya Azuma
- From the Departments of Clinical Gene Therapy (K.S., Y.T., F.S., J.A., M.I., K.I., R.M.) and Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology (Y.T., J.A., K.I., H.R.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iwabayashi
- From the Departments of Clinical Gene Therapy (K.S., Y.T., F.S., J.A., M.I., K.I., R.M.) and Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology (Y.T., J.A., K.I., H.R.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazuma Iekushi
- From the Departments of Clinical Gene Therapy (K.S., Y.T., F.S., J.A., M.I., K.I., R.M.) and Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology (Y.T., J.A., K.I., H.R.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiromi Rakugi
- From the Departments of Clinical Gene Therapy (K.S., Y.T., F.S., J.A., M.I., K.I., R.M.) and Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology (Y.T., J.A., K.I., H.R.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Morishita
- From the Departments of Clinical Gene Therapy (K.S., Y.T., F.S., J.A., M.I., K.I., R.M.) and Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology (Y.T., J.A., K.I., H.R.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan
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Kaga T, Kawano H, Sakaguchi M, Nakazawa T, Taniyama Y, Morishita R. Hepatocyte growth factor stimulated angiogenesis without inflammation: differential actions between hepatocyte growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor. Vascul Pharmacol 2012; 57:3-9. [PMID: 22361334 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Based on the potent angiogenic effects of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), therapeutic angiogenesis using human HGF plasmid DNA increased tissue perfusion and reduced symptoms in patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) in randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials. To explore further the potent angiogenic activity of HGF, the present study compared the effects of HGF, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on angiogenesis and vascular inflammation. All of HGF, VEGF and bFGF significantly induced the formation of capillary blood vessel and granulation tissue in the rat paper disc model as an in vivo animal model of angiogenesis. However, although HGF, bFGF and VEGF significantly increased the growth of vascular endothelial cells, bFGF alone, but not HGF or VEGF, significantly increased the growth of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the in vitro proliferation assay. In addition, bFGF, but not HGF or VEGF, significantly activated an essential transcription factor for inflammation, NFκB, and gene expression of its downstream inflammation-related cytokines (IL-8 and MCP-1) in VSMCs, accompanied by an increase in the vascular permeability in the rat paper disc model. Thus, the present results indicated that HGF induced angiogenesis without vascular inflammation, different from bFGF and VEGF. These different properties between HGF, VEGF and bFGF might affect the efficiency of therapeutic angiogenesis.
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Inhibition of Lp(a)-induced functional impairment of endothelial cells and endothelial progenitor cells by hepatocyte growth factor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 423:79-84. [PMID: 22634007 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.05.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) is one of the risk factors for peripheral artery disease (PAD). Our previous report demonstrated that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) gene therapy attenuated the impairment of collateral formation in Lp(a) transgenic mice. Since risk factors for atherosclerosis accelerate endothelial senescence and impair angiogenesis, we examined the role of Lp(a) in dysfunction and senescence of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) and endothelial cells. METHODS In vitro and in vivo incorporation assays were performed using ex-vivo expanded DiI-labeled human EPC. Senescence of cultured endothelial cells, production of oxidative stress and angiogenesis function were evaluated by SA-β-galactosidase staining, dihydroethidium (DHE) staining and Matrigel assay, respectively. RESULTS EPC transplantation significantly stimulated recovery of ischemic limb perfusion, while EPC pre-treated with Lp(a) did not increase ischemic limb perfusion. Impairment of angiogenesis by EPC with Lp(a) was associated with a significant decrease in CD31-positive capillaries and DiI-labeled EPC. Importantly, Lp(a) significantly accelerated the onset of senescence and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human aortic endothelial cells, accompanied by a significant increase in the protein expression of p53 and p21. On the other hand, HGF significantly attenuated EPC dysfunction, senescence, ROS production, and p53 and p21 expression induced by Lp(a). CONCLUSION Lp(a) might affect atherosclerosis via acceleration of senescence, ROS production, and functional impairment of the endothelial cell lineage. HGF might have inhibitory effects on these atherogenic actions of Lp(a).
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Okayama K, Azuma J, Dosaka N, Iekushi K, Sanada F, Kusunoki H, Iwabayashi M, Rakugi H, Taniyama Y, Morishita R. Hepatocyte growth factor reduces cardiac fibrosis by inhibiting endothelial-mesenchymal transition. Hypertension 2012; 59:958-65. [PMID: 22392903 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.183905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis induced by pressure overload in mice. Although cardiac fibrosis is attributed to excess pathological deposition of extracellular matrix components, the mechanism remains unclear. Recent reports revealed that α-smooth muscle actin-expressing myofibroblasts are primarily responsible for fibrosis. It is believed that myofibroblasts are differentiated from resident fibroblasts, whereas the transformation of vascular endothelial cells into myofibroblasts, known as endothelial-mesenchymal transition, has been suggested to be intimately associated with perivascular fibrosis. Thus, we hypothesized that HGF prevents cardiac fibrosis by blocking these pathways. We analyzed the pressure-overloaded HGF-transgenic mouse model made by transverse aortic constriction. Human coronary artery endothelial cells and human cardiac fibroblasts were examined in vitro after being treated with transforming growth factor-β1 or angiotensin II with or without HGF. The amount of cardiac fibrosis significantly decreased in pressure-overloaded HGF-transgenic mice compared with pressure-overloaded nontransgenic controls, particularly in the perivascular region. This was accompanied by a reduction in the expression levels of fibrosis-related genes and by significant preservation of echocardiographic measurements of cardiac function in the HGF-transgenic mice (P<0.05). The survival rate 2 months after transverse aortic constriction was higher by 45% (P<0.05). HGF inhibited the differentiation of human coronary artery endothelial cells into myofibroblasts induced by transforming growth factor-β1 and the phenotypic conversion of human cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. We conclude that HGF reduced cardiac fibrosis by inhibiting endothelial-mesenchymal transition and the transformation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Okayama
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Kawabe-Yako R, Masaaki I, Masuo O, Asahara T, Itakura T. Cilostazol activates function of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cell for re-endothelialization in a carotid balloon injury model. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24646. [PMID: 21931795 PMCID: PMC3171459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cilostazol(CLZ) has been used as a vasodilating anti-platelet drug clinically and demonstrated to inhibit proliferation of smooth muscle cells and effect on endothelial cells. However, the effect of CLZ on re-endothelialization including bone marrow (BM)-derived endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) contribution is unclear. We have investigated the hypothesis that CLZ might accelerate re-endothelialization with EPCs. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Balloon carotid denudation was performed in male Sprague-Dawley rats. CLZ group was given CLZ mixed feed from 2 weeks before carotid injury. Control group was fed normal diet. CLZ accelerated re-endothelialization at 2 weeks after surgery and resulted in a significant reduction of neointima formation 4 weeks after surgery compared with that in control group. CLZ also increased the number of circulating EPCs throughout the time course. We examined the contribution of BM-derived EPCs to re-endothelialization by BM transplantation from Tie2/lacZ mice to nude rats. The number of Tie2-regulated X-gal positive cells on injured arterial luminal surface was increased at 2 weeks after surgery in CLZ group compared with that in control group. In vitro, CLZ enhanced proliferation, adhesion and migration activity, and differentiation with mRNA upregulation of adhesion molecule integrin αvβ3, chemokine receptor CXCR4 and growth factor VEGF assessed by real-time RT-PCR in rat BM-derived cultured EPCs. In addition, CLZ markedly increased the expression of SDF-1α that is a ligand of CXCR4 receptor in EPCs, in the media following vascular injury. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE CLZ promotes EPC mobilization from BM and EPC recruitment to sites of arterial injury, and thereby inhibited neointima formation with acceleration of re-endothelialization with EPCs as well as pre-existing endothelial cells in a rat carotid balloon injury model. CLZ could be not only an anti-platelet agent but also a promising tool for endothelial regeneration, which is a key event for preventing atherosclerosis or restenosis after vascular intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Kawabe-Yako
- Group of Vascular Regeneration Research, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Ii Masaaki
- Group of Vascular Regeneration Research, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan
- Group of Translational Stem Cell Research, Department of Pharmacology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail: (TA); (MI)
| | - Osamu Masuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Asahara
- Group of Vascular Regeneration Research, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Science, Tokai University School of Medicine Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail: (TA); (MI)
| | - Toru Itakura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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Fleissner F, Thum T. Critical role of the nitric oxide/reactive oxygen species balance in endothelial progenitor dysfunction. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:933-48. [PMID: 20712407 PMCID: PMC3135185 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial injury and dysfunction are critical events in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. During these processes, an impaired balance of nitric oxide bioavailability and oxidative stress is mechanistically involved. Circulating angiogenic cells (including early and late outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells (EPC)) contribute to formation of new blood vessels, neovascularization, and homeostasis of the vasculature, and are highly sensitive for misbalance between NO and oxidative stress. We here review the role of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase and oxidative stress producing enzyme systems in EPC during cardiovascular disease. We also focus on the underlying molecular mechanisms and potential emerging drug- and gene-based therapeutic strategies to improve EPC function in cardiovascular diseased patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Fleissner
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Schröder K, Schütz S, Schlöffel I, Bätz S, Takac I, Weissmann N, Michaelis UR, Koyanagi M, Brandes RP. Hepatocyte growth factor induces a proangiogenic phenotype and mobilizes endothelial progenitor cells by activating Nox2. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:915-23. [PMID: 21050133 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) by stimulating the receptor tyrosine kinase c-Met induces angiogenesis and tissue regeneration. HGF has been shown to antagonize the angiotensin II-induced senescence of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which is mediated by NADPH oxidase-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. As growth factors, however, usually require ROS for their signaling, we hypothesized that the proangiogenic effects of HGF require NADPH oxidases and focused on the homolog Nox2, which is most abundantly expressed in EPCs and endothelial cells. Indeed, HGF increased the H(2)O(2) formation in EPCs and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and this effect was not observed in Nox2-deficient cells. HGF induced the mobilization of EPCs and vascular outgrowth from aortic explants in wild-type (WT) but not Nox2(y/-) mice. HGF also stimulated migration and tube formation in HUVECs, and antisense oligonucleotides against Nox2 prevented this effect. To identify the signal transduction underlying these effects, we focused on the kinases Jak2 and Jnk. In HUVECs, HGF increased the phosphorylation of these in a Nox2-dependent manner as demonstrated by antisense oligonucleotides. Also, the HGF-induced Jak2-dependent activation of a STAT3 reporter construct was attenuated after downregulation of Nox2. Accordingly, the HGF-stimulated tube formation of HUVEC was blocked by inhibitors of Jak2 and Jnk. In vivo treatment with the Jnk inhibitor SP600125 blocked the HGF-induced mobilization of EPCs. Ex vivo, SP600125 blocked HGF-induced migration and tube formation. We conclude that HGF-induced mobilization of EPCs and the proangiogenic effects of the growth factor require a Nox2-dependent ROS-mediated activation of Jak2 and Jnk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Schröder
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Endtmann C, Ebrahimian T, Czech T, Arfa O, Laufs U, Fritz M, Wassmann K, Werner N, Petoumenos V, Nickenig G, Wassmann S. Angiotensin II impairs endothelial progenitor cell number and function in vitro and in vivo: implications for vascular regeneration. Hypertension 2011; 58:394-403. [PMID: 21825227 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.169193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to endothelial regeneration. Angiotensin II (Ang II) through Ang II type 1 receptor (AT(1)-R) activation plays an important role in vascular damage. The effect of Ang II on EPCs and the involved molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. Stimulation with Ang II decreased the number of cultured human early outgrowth EPCs, which express both AT(1)-R and Ang II type 2 receptor, mediated through AT(1)-R activation and induction of oxidative stress. Ang II redox-dependently induced EPC apoptosis through increased apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation; decreased Bcl-2 and increased Bax expression; and activation of caspase 3 but had no effect on the low cell proliferation. In addition, Ang II impaired colony-forming and migratory capacities of early outgrowth EPCs. Ang II infusion diminished numbers and functional capacities of EPCs in wild-type (WT) but not AT(1)a-R knockout mice (AT(1)a(-/-)). Reendothelialization after focal carotid endothelial injury was decreased during Ang II infusion. Salvage of reendothelialization by intravenous application of spleen-derived progenitor cells into Ang II-treated WT mice was pronounced with AT(1)a(-/-) cells compared with WT cells, and transfusion of Ang II-pretreated WT cells into WT mice without Ang II infusion was associated with less reendothelialization. Transplantation of AT(1)a(-/-) bone marrow reduced atherosclerosis development in cholesterol-fed apolipoprotein E-deficient mice compared with transplantation of apolipoprotein E-deficient or WT bone marrow. Randomized treatment of patients with stable coronary artery disease with the AT(1)-R blocker telmisartan significantly increased the number of circulating CD34/KDR-positive EPCs. Ang II through AT(1)-R activation, oxidative stress, and redox-sensitive apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1-dependent proapoptotic pathways impairs EPCs in vitro and in vivo, resulting in diminished vascular regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathleen Endtmann
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Côte-Ste-Catherine Rd, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada
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Abstract
Gene transfer within the cardiovascular system was first demonstrated in 1989 yet, despite extensive basic-science and clinical research, unequivocal benefit in the clinical setting remains to be demonstrated. Potential reasons for this include the fact that recombinant viral vectors, used in the majority of clinical studies, have inherent problems with immunogenicity that are difficult to circumvent. Attention has turned therefore to plasmid vectors, which possess many advantages over viruses in terms of safety and ease of use, and many clinical studies have now been performed using non-viral technology. This review will provide an overview of clinical trials for cardiovascular disease using plasmid vectors, recent developments in plasmid delivery and design, and potential directions for this modality of gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Williams
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, School of Biomedicine, Vascular Gene Therapy Unit, Core Technology Facility, The University of Manchester, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK.
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Iekushi K, Taniyama Y, Kusunoki H, Azuma J, Sanada F, Okayama K, Koibuchi N, Iwabayashi M, Rakugi H, Morishita R. Hepatocyte growth factor attenuates transforming growth factor-β-angiotensin II crosstalk through inhibition of the PTEN/Akt pathway. Hypertension 2011; 58:190-6. [PMID: 21670418 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.173013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Both angiotensin II (Ang II) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 are thought to be involved in the progression of chronic kidney disease. In contrast, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) counteracts the actions of Ang II and TGF-β1. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of how HGF antagonizes the Ang II-TGF-β axis in renal cells. In cultured human mesangial cells, TGF-β1 increased angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT(1)R) mRNA, mainly dependent on the Akt/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathway. Furthermore, TGF-β1 decreased the expression and phosphatase activity of phosphatase and tensin homolog, deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), a negative regulator of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway. These data revealed positive feedback of the Ang II-TGF-β pathway, because Ang II increased TGF-β expression. In contrast, HGF significantly attenuated the increase in AT(1)R gene expression, and inhibited the decrease in PTEN induced by TGF-β1. Of importance, a PTEN-specific inhibitor significantly attenuated the reduction in TGF-β1-induced AT(1)R expression by HGF. These data suggest that HGF attenuated TGF-β1-induced AT(1)R expression through the PTEN/Akt pathway. To investigate this hypothesis, we performed in vivo experiments in mice with increased circulating levels of HGF produced by transgenically expressing HGF under control of a cardiac-specific transgene (HGF-Tg). In HGF-Tg mice, renal injury and fibrosis were significantly decreased, associated with reduction in AT(1)R expression and increase in PTEN after Ang II infusion, as compared with control mice. Moreover, these renal protective effects were abrogated by a neutralizing antibody against HGF. Thus, the present study demonstrated that HGF counteracts the vicious cycle of Ang II-TGF-β1-AT(1)R, mediating the inhibition of PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Iekushi
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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Hepatocyte growth factor attenuates renal fibrosis through TGF-β1 suppression by apoptosis of myofibroblasts. J Hypertens 2011; 28:2454-61. [PMID: 20842048 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32833e4149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by the persistent accumulation of extracellular matrix. Especially, α-SMA-positive myofibroblasts producing large amounts of TGF-β1 are considered to play a key role in interstitial fibrosis. Although hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) improved renal fibrosis in various models, the molecular mechanisms involved are not yet fully understood. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, the molecular mechanisms of the inhibition of fibrosis by HGF was examined using HGF transgenic mice (HGF-Tg) with angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion in 4 weeks models. HGF-Tg mice showed significantly decreased Ang II-induced renal fibrosis and lesser numbers of interstitial myofibroblasts, whereas the antifibrotic effect of HGF was abrogated using HGF-neutralizing antibody. The antifibrotic action in HGF-Tg mice was concordant with a decrease in TGF- β1, collagen type I and IV mRNA expression and an increase in MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. Furthermore, HGF-Tg mice treated with Ang II showed apoptosis of myofibroblasts. To further investigate the antifibrotic effect of HGF, cultured human mesangial cells were used. HGF induced apoptosis of myofibroblast. Inhibition of the FAK-ERK-MMP signaling cascade by specific inhibitor or siRNA significantly decreased HGF-induced myofibroblast apoptosis. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that the increase in metalloproteinases through FAK-ERK signaling by HGF promotes myofibroblast apoptosis. Activation of metalloproteinases by HGF in the fibrotic kidney might be considered to attenuate the progression of CKD.
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Abstract
Hypertension is associated with vascular changes characterised by remodelling, endothelial dysfunction and hyperreactivity. Cellular processes underlying these perturbations include altered vascular smooth muscle cell growth and apoptosis, fibrosis, hypercontractility and calcification. Inflammation, associated with macrophage infiltration and increased expression of redox-sensitive pro-inflammatory genes, also contributes to vascular remodelling. Many of these features occur with ageing, and the vascular phenotype in hypertension is considered a phenomenon of ‘premature vascular ageing’. Among the many factors involved in the hypertensive vascular phenotype, angiotensin II (Ang II) is especially important. Ang II, previously thought to be the sole effector of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), is converted to smaller peptides [Ang III, Ang IV, Ang-(1-7)] that are biologically active in the vascular system. Another new component of the RAS is the (pro)renin receptor, which signals through Ang-II-independent mechanisms and might influence vascular function. Ang II mediates effects through complex signalling pathways on binding to its G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) AT1R and AT2R. These receptors are regulated by the GPCR-interacting proteins ATRAP, ARAP1 and ATIP. AT1R activation induces effects through the phospholipase C pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinases, tyrosine kinases/phosphatases, RhoA/Rhokinase and NAD(P)H-oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species. Here we focus on recent developments and new research trends related to Ang II and the RAS and involvement in the hypertensive vascular phenotype.
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Roks AJM, Rodgers K, Walther T. Effects of the renin angiotensin system on vasculogenesis-related progenitor cells. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2011; 11:162-74. [PMID: 21296616 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The current concept is that there are both cells that integrate into the vasculature, true endothelial progenitor cells (EPC), and cells with hematopoietic markers that support neovascularisation. As identification of the EPC is controversial and studies refer cells that might fall into either pools, we will use the term, vasculogenesis-related progenitor cells (VRPC), for this review. VRPC are considered to be an important target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Angiotensin II is known to be an important player in neovascularisation and the modulation of renin angiotensin system (RAS) is one of the major pharmacotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of CVD. We will review the effects of different components of the RAS on such VRPC under physiological conditions and in CVD. The reviewed research strongly supports a critical role of the RAS in vasculogenesis and vascular regeneration. Therefore, pharmacological intervention on the components of the RAS does not only target directly end-organ remodelling and blood pressure but also influence tissue healing and/or regeneration by influencing specific progenitor cells. Thus, the interrogation of RAS effects on VRPC will be important in the optimisation of RAS intervention or regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton J M Roks
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Vascular and Metabolic Disease, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Cherney DZI, Reich HN, Miller JA, Lai V, Zinman B, Dekker MG, Bradley TJ, Scholey JW, Sochett EB. Age is a determinant of acute hemodynamic responses to hyperglycemia and angiotensin II in humans with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes mellitus. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010; 299:R206-14. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00027.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is associated with hemodynamic changes in type 1 diabetes (DM), acting in part through renin-angiotensin system activation. Since aging is associated with vascular dysfunction in DM, we hypothesized that acute hemodynamic responses to clamped hyperglycemia and infused ANG II would be exaggerated in older adults compared with a group of adolescent/young adults with type 1 DM. Renal hemodynamic function, blood pressure, and arterial stiffness were assessed in adolescent/young adults ( n = 34; mean age: 18 ± 3 yr) and older adults ( n = 32; mean age: 45 ± 9 yr). Studies were performed during clamped euglycemia (4–6 mmol/l) and hyperglycemia (9–11 mmol/l). Renal and systemic hemodynamic responses to ANG II were measured during clamped euglycemia in diabetic subjects. ANG II responses were also assessed in a cohort of non-DM subjects ( n = 97; mean age: 26; age range: 18–40 yr). Older DM adults exhibited higher baseline blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and renal vascular resistance, and lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow, compared with adolescent/young DM adults ( P < 0.05). Clamped hyperglycemia was associated with exaggerated peripheral and renal hemodynamic responses uniquely in older DM adults; only GFR increased in adolescent/young DM adults. ANG II infusion also produced exaggerated vasoconstrictive responses in older DM adults vs. adolescent/young DM adults ( P < 0.05). The independent effect of age on hemodynamic responses to hyperglycemia and ANG II was confirmed using multivariate regression analysis in DM subjects ( P < 0.05), and results were still significant when participants were matched for DM duration. Age-related alterations in hemodynamic function and ANG II response were not observed in healthy non-DM control subjects. Acute hemodynamic responses to clamped hyperglycemia and ANG II were exaggerated in older subjects with type 1 DM, highlighting an important interaction between age and factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of acute vascular dysfunction in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Z. I. Cherney
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Heather N. Reich
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Judith A. Miller
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vesta Lai
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bernard Zinman
- Leadership Sinai for Diabetes, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York; and
| | | | - Timothy J. Bradley
- Cardiology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus increases cardiovascular risk through its negative impact on vascular endothelium. Although glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity account for endothelial cell damage, endothelial repair is also affected by diabetes. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are involved in the maintenance of endothelial homoeostasis and in the process of new vessel formation. For these reasons, EPCs are thought to have a protective impact within the cardiovascular system. In addition, EPCs appear to modulate the functioning of other organs, providing neurotropic signals and promoting repair of the glomerular endothelium. The exact mechanisms by which EPCs provide cardiovascular protection are unknown and the definition of EPCs is not standardized. Notwithstanding these limitations, the literature consistently indicates that EPCs are altered in type 1 and type 2 diabetes and in virtually all diabetic complications. Moreover, experimental models suggest that EPC-based therapies might help prevent or reverse the features of end-organ complications. This identifies EPCs as having a novel pathogenic role in diabetes and being a potential therapeutic target. Several ways of favourably modulating EPCs have been identified, including lifestyle intervention, commonly used medications and cell-based approaches. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of EPC pathophysiology and the potential for EPC modulation in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Fadini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Metabolic Diseases, University of Padova, Medical School, Padova, Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf P. Brandes
- From the Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Fachbereich Medizin der Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
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Chen L, Wu F, Xia WH, Zhang YY, Xu SY, Cheng F, Liu X, Zhang XY, Wang SM, Tao J. CXCR4 gene transfer contributes to in vivo reendothelialization capacity of endothelial progenitor cells. Cardiovasc Res 2010; 88:462-70. [PMID: 20573729 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvq207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a pivotal role in endothelial repair after artery injury. The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is a key modulator of the homing of EPCs to impaired artery and reendothelialization. In this study, we addressed the hypothesis that CXCR4 gene transfer could enhance the reendothelialization capacity of EPCs. METHODS AND RESULTS In vitro, human EPCs were expanded and transduced with adenovirus serotype 5 encoding the human CXCR4 gene (Ad5/CXCR4). In vitro, CXCR4 gene transfer augmented EPC migration and enhanced EPC adhesion to endothelial cell monolayers. Adhesion assays under flow conditions showed that CXCR4 gene transfer increased the ability of EPCs to arrest on fibronectin. To determine whether CXCR4 gene transfer facilitated therapeutic reendothelialization, the effect of EPCs on in vivo reendothelialization was examined in nude mice subjected to carotid artery injury. Compared with the vehicle, transplantation of EPCs with or without gene transfer significantly accelerated in vivo reendothelialization; however, transplantation of EPCs transduced with Ad5/CXCR4 had a further enhanced effect compared with control EPCs containing EPCs transduced with an adenovirus encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein gene or non-transduced EPCs. We also found that phosphorylation of Janus kinase-2 (JAK-2), a CXCR4 downstream signalling target, was increased in EPCs transduced with Ad5/CXCR4. The enhanced in vitro function and in vivo reendothelialization capacity of EPCs by CXCR4 gene transfer were abolished by neutralizing antibodies against CXCR4 or/and JAK-2 inhibitor AG490. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that CXCR4 gene transfer contributes to the enhanced in vivo reendothelialization capacity of EPCs. Up-regulation of CXCR4 in human EPCs may become a novel therapeutic target for endothelial repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Imanishi T, Tsujioka H, Akasaka T. Endothelial progenitor cell senescence--is there a role for estrogen? Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2009; 4:55-69. [PMID: 19965898 DOI: 10.1177/1753944709353173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that aging or senescence constitutes a potential limitation to the ability of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to sustain ischemic tissue repair. Excess amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is involved in senescence, causing defective neovascularization. Conversely, estrogens have been shown to accelerate recovery of the endothelium after vascular injury. Estrogen reduces EPC senescence through augmentation of telomerase activity. In addition, the inhibition of EPC senescence by estrogen in vitro may improve the functional activity of EPCs in a way that is important for potential cell therapy. This review describes current understanding of EPC senescence and the role of estrogen in preventing EPC senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Imanishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
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De Schutter J, Guillabert A, Imbault V, Degraef C, Erneux C, Communi D, Pirson I. SHIP2 (SH2 domain-containing inositol phosphatase 2) SH2 domain negatively controls SHIP2 monoubiquitination in response to epidermal growth factor. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:36062-36076. [PMID: 19880507 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.064923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The SH2 domain containing inositol 5-phosphatase SHIP2 contains several interacting domains that are important for scaffolding properties. We and others have previously reported that SHIP2 interacts with the E3 ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl. Here, we identified human SHIP2 monoubiquitination on lysine 315. SHIP2 could also be polyubiquitinated but was not degraded by the 26 S proteasome. Furthermore, we identified a ubiquitin-interacting motif at the C-terminal end of SHIP2 that confers ubiquitin binding capacity. However, this ubiquitin-interacting motif is dispensable for its monoubiquitination. We showed that neither c-Cbl nor Nedd4-1 play the role of ubiquitin ligase for SHIP2. Strikingly, monoubiquitination of the DeltaSH2-SHIP2 mutant (lacking the N-terminal SH2 domain) is strongly increased, suggesting an intrinsic inhibitory effect of the SHIP2 SH2 domain on its monoubiquitination. Moreover, SHIP2 monoubiquitination was increased upon 30 min of epidermal growth factor stimulation. This correlates with the loss of interaction between the SHIP2 SH2 domain and c-Cbl. In this model, c-Cbl could mask the monoubiquitination site and thereby prevent SHIP2 monoubiquitination. The present study thus reveals an unexpected and novel role of SHIP2 SH2 domain in the regulation of its newly identified monoubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie De Schutter
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, School of Medicine, Free University of Brussels, Campus Erasme, Building C, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aude Guillabert
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, School of Medicine, Free University of Brussels, Campus Erasme, Building C, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Virginie Imbault
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, School of Medicine, Free University of Brussels, Campus Erasme, Building C, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chantal Degraef
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, School of Medicine, Free University of Brussels, Campus Erasme, Building C, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Erneux
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, School of Medicine, Free University of Brussels, Campus Erasme, Building C, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Communi
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, School of Medicine, Free University of Brussels, Campus Erasme, Building C, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Pirson
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, School of Medicine, Free University of Brussels, Campus Erasme, Building C, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium.
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Sanada F, Taniyama Y, Iekushi K, Azuma J, Okayama K, Kusunoki H, Koibuchi N, Doi T, Aizawa Y, Morishita R. Negative action of hepatocyte growth factor/c-Met system on angiotensin II signaling via ligand-dependent epithelial growth factor receptor degradation mechanism in vascular smooth muscle cells. Circ Res 2009; 105:667-75, 13 p following 675. [PMID: 19713535 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.109.202713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Neointimal hyperplasia contributes to atherosclerosis and restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention. Vascular injury in each of these conditions results in the release of mitogenic growth factors and hormones that contribute to pathological vascular smooth muscle cell growth and inflammation. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is known as an antiinflammatory growth factor, although it is downregulated in injured tissue. However, the precise mechanism how HGF reduces inflammation is unclear. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the mechanism how HGF and its receptor c-Met reduces angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS HGF reduced Ang II-induced vascular smooth muscle cell growth and inflammation by controlling translocation of SHIP2 (Src homology domain 2-containing inositol 5'-phosphatase 2), which led to Ang II-dependent degradation of epithelial growth factor receptor. Moreover, the present study also revealed a preventive effect of HGF on atherosclerotic change in an Ang II infusion and cuff HGF transgenic mouse model. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the HGF/c-Met system might regulate extrinsic factor signaling that maintains the homeostasis of organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Sanada
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamada-oka, Suita, Japan
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