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Bondi CD, Hartman HL, Tan RJ. NRF2 in kidney physiology and disease. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e15961. [PMID: 38418382 PMCID: PMC10901725 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of NRF2 in kidney biology has received considerable interest over the past decade. NRF2 transcriptionally controls genes responsible for cellular protection against oxidative and electrophilic stress and has anti-inflammatory functions. NRF2 is expressed throughout the kidney and plays a role in salt and water handling. In disease, animal studies show that NRF2 protects against tubulointerstitial damage and reduces interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, and may slow progression of polycystic kidney disease. However, the role of NRF2 in proteinuric glomerular diseases is controversial. Although the NRF2 inducer, bardoxolone methyl (CDDO-Me), increases glomerular filtration rate in humans, it has not been shown to slow disease progression in diabetic kidney disease and Alport syndrome. Furthermore, bardoxolone methyl was associated with negative effects on fluid retention, proteinuria, and blood pressure. Several animal studies replicate findings of worsened proteinuria and a more rapid progression of kidney disease, although considerable controversy exists. It is clear that further study is needed to better understand the effects of NRF2 in the kidney. This review summarizes the available data to clarify the promise and risks associated with targeting NRF2 activity in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corry D. Bondi
- Renal‐Electrolyte Division, Department of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Hannah L. Hartman
- Renal‐Electrolyte Division, Department of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Roderick J. Tan
- Renal‐Electrolyte Division, Department of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
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Skou LD, Johansen SK, Okarmus J, Meyer M. Pathogenesis of DJ-1/PARK7-Mediated Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2024; 13:296. [PMID: 38391909 PMCID: PMC10887164 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common movement disorder associated with the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Mutations in the PD-associated gene PARK7 alter the structure and function of the encoded protein DJ-1, and the resulting autosomal recessively inherited disease increases the risk of developing PD. DJ-1 was first discovered in 1997 as an oncogene and was associated with early-onset PD in 2003. Mutations in DJ-1 account for approximately 1% of all recessively inherited early-onset PD occurrences, and the functions of the protein have been studied extensively. In healthy subjects, DJ-1 acts as an antioxidant and oxidative stress sensor in several neuroprotective mechanisms. It is also involved in mitochondrial homeostasis, regulation of apoptosis, chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), and dopamine homeostasis by regulating various signaling pathways, transcription factors, and molecular chaperone functions. While DJ-1 protects neurons against damaging reactive oxygen species, neurotoxins, and mutant α-synuclein, mutations in the protein may lead to inefficient neuroprotection and the progression of PD. As current therapies treat only the symptoms of PD, the development of therapies that directly inhibit oxidative stress-induced neuronal cell death is critical. DJ-1 has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target, while oxidized DJ-1 could operate as a biomarker for PD. In this paper, we review the role of DJ-1 in the pathogenesis of PD by highlighting some of its key neuroprotective functions and the consequences of its dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Duborg Skou
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (L.D.S.); (S.K.J.); (J.O.)
| | - Steffi Krudt Johansen
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (L.D.S.); (S.K.J.); (J.O.)
| | - Justyna Okarmus
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (L.D.S.); (S.K.J.); (J.O.)
| | - Morten Meyer
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (L.D.S.); (S.K.J.); (J.O.)
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- BRIDGE—Brain Research Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Eldahshan OA, Abdelkhalek YM, El Dahshan M, Ahmed EA, Sabatier JM, Batiha GES. The possible role of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 activators in the management of Covid-19. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23605. [PMID: 38069809 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 is caused by a novel SARS-CoV-2 leading to pulmonary and extra-pulmonary manifestations due to oxidative stress (OS) development and hyperinflammation. COVID-19 is primarily asymptomatic though it may cause acute lung injury (ALI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), systemic inflammation, and thrombotic events in severe cases. SARS-CoV-2-induced OS triggers the activation of different signaling pathways, which counterbalances this complication. One of these pathways is nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which induces a series of cellular interactions to mitigate SARS-CoV-2-mediated viral toxicity and OS-induced cellular injury. Nrf2 pathway inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the development of cytokine storm in COVID-19. Therefore, Nrf2 activators may play an essential role in reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced inflammation by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome in COVID-19. Furthermore, Nrf2 activators can attenuate endothelial dysfunction (ED), renin-angiotensin system (RAS) dysregulation, immune thrombosis, and coagulopathy. Thus this mini-review tries to clarify the possible role of the Nrf2 activators in the management of COVID-19. Nrf2 activators could be an effective therapeutic strategy in the management of Covid-19. Preclinical and clinical studies are recommended in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, Iraq
| | - Omayma A Eldahshan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Magdy El Dahshan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Jean-Marc Sabatier
- Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), CNRS UMR 7051, Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Gaber E-S Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, AlBeheira, Egypt
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Liu C, Xu X, He X, Ren J, Chi M, Deng G, Li G, Nasser MI. Activation of the Nrf-2/HO-1 signalling axis can alleviate metabolic syndrome in cardiovascular disease. Ann Med 2023; 55:2284890. [PMID: 38039549 PMCID: PMC10836253 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2284890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is widely observed in modern society. CVDs are responsible for the majority of fatalities, with heart attacks and strokes accounting for approximately 80% of these cases. Furthermore, a significant proportion of these deaths, precisely one-third, occurs in individuals under 70. Metabolic syndrome encompasses a range of diseases characterized by various physiological dysfunctions. These include increased inflammation in adipose tissue, enhanced cholesterol synthesis in the liver, impaired insulin secretion, insulin resistance, compromised vascular tone and integrity, endothelial dysfunction, and atheroma formation. These factors contribute to the development of metabolic disorders and significantly increase the likelihood of experiencing cardiovascular complications.Method: We selected studies that proposed hypotheses regarding metabolic disease syndrome and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the role of Nrf2/HO-1 and factor regulation in CVD research investigations based on our searches of Medline and PubMed.Results: A total of 118 articles were included in the review, 16 of which exclusively addressed hypotheses about the role of Nrf2 on Glucose regulation, while 16 involved Cholesterol regulation. Likewise, 14 references were used to prove the importance of mitochondria on Nrf2. Multiple studies have provided evidence suggesting the involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 in various physiological processes, including metabolism and immune response. A total of 48 research articles and reviews have been used to highlight the role of metabolic syndrome and CVD.Conclusion: This review provides an overview of the literature on Nrf2/HO-1 and its role in metabolic disease syndrome and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingli Xu
- Ultrasound in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Biomechanics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing He
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Junyi Ren
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingxuan Chi
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Deng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guisen Li
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Moussa Ide Nasser
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Xiao J, Tan J, Yu L, Liu G, Yu S. Effects of DJ‑1 on apoptosis and mitophagy of glomerular podocytes. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:463. [PMID: 37664676 PMCID: PMC10468806 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
By studying the effects of DJ-1 overexpression and silencing on the morphological structure and mitophagy of glomerular podocytes, the present study aimed to identify the effects of DJ-1 on glomerular podocyte apoptosis and mitophagy. MPC5 mouse glomerular podocytes were cultured in vitro and divided into four groups: Control, DJ-1 overexpression, empty vector and DJ-1 silencing. DJ-1 gene overexpression and silencing models were prepared, the morphological structures of podocytes and mitochondria in each group were observed, and podocyte apoptosis and DJ-1/PTEN expression were subsequently detected in each group. The experimental results showed reduced volume, retracted foot processes, loosened intercellular connections, presence of dead cells, increased apoptotic rate, increased expression of PTEN, and swollen mitochondria due to the number of vacuoles and autophagosomes in podocytes in the DJ-1 silencing group. The surface areas of podocytes in the DJ-1 overexpression group were greater than those in the control group. Moreover, the structure of the foot processes was more obvious, the number of cells was greater, the intercellular connections were closer, the apoptotic rate was reduced, the expression of PTEN was decreased, the mitochondrial structure was more obvious and the mitochondrial cristae were more whole. Notably, there were no differences between the empty vector and control groups. In conclusion, these results indicated that DJ-1 may regulate podocyte apoptosis and mitophagy through the DJ-1/PTEN pathway, and could maintain the stability of the normal morphology, structure and function of glomerular podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524002, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Guosheng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Shengyou Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
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Nrf2 Regulates Oxidative Stress and Its Role in Cerebral Ischemic Stroke. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122377. [PMID: 36552584 PMCID: PMC9774301 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic stroke is characterized by acute ischemia in a certain part of the brain, which leads to brain cells necrosis, apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, etc. At present, there are limited effective clinical treatments for cerebral ischemic stroke, and the recovery of cerebral blood circulation will lead to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). Cerebral ischemic stroke involves many pathological processes such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), as one of the most critical antioxidant transcription factors in cells, can coordinate various cytoprotective factors to inhibit oxidative stress. Targeting Nrf2 is considered as a potential strategy to prevent and treat cerebral ischemia injury. During cerebral ischemia, Nrf2 participates in signaling pathways such as Keap1, PI3K/AKT, MAPK, NF-κB, and HO-1, and then alleviates cerebral ischemia injury or CIRI by inhibiting oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, protecting the blood-brain barrier, and inhibiting ferroptosis. In this review, we have discussed the structure of Nrf2, the mechanisms of Nrf2 in cerebral ischemic stroke, the related research on the treatment of cerebral ischemia through the Nrf2 signaling pathway in recent years, and expounded the important role and future potential of the Nrf2 pathway in cerebral ischemic stroke.
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Inverse Salt Sensitivity of Blood Pressure Is Associated with an Increased Renin-Angiotensin System Activity. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112811. [PMID: 36359330 PMCID: PMC9687845 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
High and low sodium diets are associated with increased blood pressure and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The paradoxical response of elevated BP in low salt diets, aka inverse salt sensitivity (ISS), is an understudied vulnerable 11% of the adult population with yet undiscovered etiology. A linear relationship between the number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2, rs6276 and 6277), and the sodium myo-inositol cotransporter 2 (SLC5A11, rs11074656), as well as decreased expression of these two genes in urine-derived renal proximal tubule cells (uRPTCs) isolated from clinical study participants suggest involvement of these cells in ISS. Insight into this newly discovered paradoxical response to sodium is found by incubating cells in low sodium (LS) conditions that unveil cell physiologic differences that are then reversed by mir-485-5p miRNA blocker transfection and bypassing the genetic defect by DRD2 re-expression. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is an important counter-regulatory mechanism to prevent hyponatremia under LS conditions. Oversensitive RAS under LS conditions could partially explain the increased mortality in ISS. Angiotensin-II (AngII, 10 nmol/L) increased sodium transport in uRPTCs to a greater extent in individuals with ISS than SR. Downstream signaling of AngII is verified by identifying lowered expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF), and manganese-dependent mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2) only in ISS-derived uRPTCs and not SR-derived uRPTCs when incubated in LS conditions. We conclude that DRD2 and SLC5A11 variants in ISS may cause an increased low sodium sensitivity to AngII and renal sodium reabsorption which can contribute to inverse salt-sensitive hypertension.
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Inverse Salt Sensitivity of Blood Pressure: Mechanisms and Potential Relevance for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022; 24:361-374. [PMID: 35708819 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-022-01201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the etiology of inverse salt sensitivity of blood pressure (BP). RECENT FINDINGS Both high and low sodium (Na+) intake can be associated with increased BP and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, little is known regarding the mechanisms involved in the increase in BP in response to low Na+ intake, a condition termed inverse salt sensitivity of BP, which affects approximately 15% of the adult population. The renal proximal tubule is important in regulating up to 70% of renal Na+ transport. The renin-angiotensin and renal dopaminergic systems play both synergistic and opposing roles in the regulation of Na+ transport in this nephron segment. Clinical studies have demonstrated that individuals express a "personal salt index" (PSI) that marks whether they are salt-resistant, salt-sensitive, or inverse salt-sensitive. Inverse salt sensitivity results in part from genetic polymorphisms in various Na+ regulatory genes leading to a decrease in natriuretic activity and an increase in renal tubular Na+ reabsorption leading to an increase in BP. This article reviews the potential mechanisms of a new pathophysiologic entity, inverse salt sensitivity of BP, which affects approximately 15% of the general adult population.
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Hurtado-Navarro L, Angosto-Bazarra D, Pelegrín P, Baroja-Mazo A, Cuevas S. NLRP3 Inflammasome and Pyroptosis in Liver Pathophysiology: The Emerging Relevance of Nrf2 Inducers. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050870. [PMID: 35624734 PMCID: PMC9137763 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes, particularly the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, apparently serve as crucial regulators of the inflammatory response through the activation of Caspase-1 and induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and pyroptotic cell death. Pyroptosis is a type of programmed cell death mediated by Caspase-1 cleavage of Gasdermin D and the insertion of its N-terminal fragment into the plasma membrane, where it forms pores, enabling the release of different pro-inflammatory mediators. Pyroptosis is considered not only a pro-inflammatory pathway involved in liver pathophysiology but also an important pro-fibrotic mediator. Diverse molecular mechanisms linking oxidative stress, inflammasome activation, pyroptosis, and the progression of liver pathologies have been documented. Numerous studies have indicated the protective effects of several antioxidants, with the ability to induce nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activity on liver inflammation and fibrosis. In this review, we have summarised recent studies addressing the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of various hepatic diseases, highlighting the potential application of Nrf2 inducers in the prevention of pyroptosis as liver protective compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hurtado-Navarro
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (L.H.-N.); (D.A.-B.); (P.P.)
| | - Diego Angosto-Bazarra
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (L.H.-N.); (D.A.-B.); (P.P.)
| | - Pablo Pelegrín
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (L.H.-N.); (D.A.-B.); (P.P.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Baroja-Mazo
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (L.H.-N.); (D.A.-B.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.-M.); (S.C.); Tel.: +34-868-885-039 (A.B.-M.); +34-868-885-031 (S.C.)
| | - Santiago Cuevas
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (L.H.-N.); (D.A.-B.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.-M.); (S.C.); Tel.: +34-868-885-039 (A.B.-M.); +34-868-885-031 (S.C.)
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Abstract
Significance: Kidney diseases remain a worldwide public health problem resulting in millions of deaths each year; they are characterized by progressive destruction of renal function by sustained inflammation. Pyroptosis is a lytic type of programmed cell death involved in inflammation, as well as a key fibrotic mechanism that is critical in the development of kidney pathology. Pyroptosis is induced by the cleavage of Gasdermins by various caspases and is executed by the insertion of the N-terminal fragment of cleaved Gasdermins into the plasma membrane, creating oligomeric pores and allowing the release of diverse proinflammatory products into the extracellular space. Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes leading to the activation of caspase-1, which will cleave Gasdermin D, releasing several proinflammatory cytokines; this results in the initiation and amplification of the inflammatory response. Recent Advances: The efficacy of Gasdermin D cleavage is reduced by a change in the redox balance. Recently, several studies have shown that the attenuation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by antioxidant pathways results in a reduction of renal pyroptosis. In this review, we discuss the role of pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney disease; summarize the clinical outcomes and different molecular mechanisms leading to Gasdermin activation; and examine studies about the capacity of antioxidants, particularly Nrf2 activators, to ameliorate Gasdermin activity. Future Directions: We illustrate the potential influence of the deregulation of redox balance on inflammasome activity and pyroptosis as a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of kidney diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 40-60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Cuevas
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo Pelegrín
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
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Cytoprotective Mechanisms of DJ-1: Implications in Cardiac Pathophysiology. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133795. [PMID: 34206441 PMCID: PMC8270312 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
DJ-1 was originally identified as an oncogene product while mutations of the gene encoding DJ-1/PARK7 were later associated with a recessive form of Parkinson's disease. Its ubiquitous expression and diversity of function suggest that DJ-1 is also involved in mechanisms outside the central nervous system. In the last decade, the contribution of DJ-1 to the protection from ischemia-reperfusion injury has been recognized and its involvement in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease is attracting increasing attention. This review describes the current and gaps in our knowledge of DJ-1, focusing on its role in regulating cardiovascular function. In parallel, we present original data showing an association between increased DJ-1 expression and antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory markers following cardiac and vascular surgical procedures. Future studies should address DJ-1's role as a plausible novel therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease.
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Li L, Peng L, Zhu J, Wu J, Zhao Y. [DJ-1 alleviates oxidative stress injury by activating the Nrf2 pathway in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:679-686. [PMID: 34134954 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.05.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the antioxidant effect of DJ-1 (Park7) in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury and its potential mechanism. OBJECTIVE A total of 108 SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group, Scramble group, DJ-1 siRNA group, negative control (NC) group and DJ-1 overexpression group. Except for those in the sham group, all the rats were subjected to MCAO to establish models of cerebral IR injury. In DJ-1 siRNA and DJ-1 overexpression group, a DJ-1 siRNA and an adeno-associated virus vector carrying DJ-1 gene was injected into the lateral ventricle of the rats, respectively. In each group, neurological scores and brain water content were determined after the operation, and pathological changes of the brain tissue and neuronal injury in the cortical infarction area were assessed using HE and Nissl staining. Oxidative stress in the brain tissues was analyzed by detecting superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The expression levels of DJ-1, Nrf2, Ho-1 and NQO1 in the brain tissue were detected with Western blotting, and the expression and nucleation of Nrf2 was determined by immunofluorescence staining. OBJECTIVE Compared with those in MCAO group, the neurological scores (P < 0.001) and brain water content (P < 0.001) were significantly increased in DJ-1 siRNA group. Intracerebral injection of DJ-1 siRNA following MCAO obviously aggravated neuron injury in cerebral ischemia region, further reduced SOD activity and increased MDA content (P < 0.001), and significantly lowered the expression levels of Nrf2 and its downstream proteins HO-1 and NQO1 (P < 0.001). Intracerebral injection of the adenoviral vector for DJ-1 (P=0.003) overexpression significantly upregulated the levels of Nrf2 (P=0.006) and its downstream proteins HO-1 (P=0.004) and NQO1 (P=0.014). OBJECTIVE As an important neuroprotective factor, DJ-1 alleviates oxidative stress induced by cerebral IR injury in rats by activating the Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Li
- Department of Pathology//Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - L Peng
- Institute of Neuroscience//Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - J Zhu
- Institute of Neuroscience//Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - J Wu
- Institute of Neuroscience//Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Y Zhao
- Institute of Neuroscience//Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Yin L, Li H, Liu Z, Wu W, Cai J, Tang C, Dong Z. PARK7 Protects Against Chronic Kidney Injury and Renal Fibrosis by Inducing SOD2 to Reduce Oxidative Stress. Front Immunol 2021; 12:690697. [PMID: 34093596 PMCID: PMC8176114 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.690697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the final common pathway to chronic kidney diseases regardless of etiology. Parkinson disease protein 7 (PARK7) is a multifunctional protein involved in various cellular processes, but its pathophysiological role in kidneys remain largely unknown. Here, we have determined the role of PARK7 in renal fibrosis and have further elucidated the underlying mechanisms by using the in vivo mouse model of unilateral ureteric obstruction (UUO) and the in vitro model of transforming growth factor-b (TGFB1) treatment of cultured kidney proximal tubular cells. PARK7 decreased markedly in atrophic kidney tubules in UUO mice, and Park7 deficiency aggravated UUO-induced renal fibrosis, tubular cell apoptosis, ROS production and inflammation. In vitro, TGFB1 treatment induced fibrotic changes in renal tubular cells, which was accompanied by alterations of PARK7. Park7 knockdown exacerbated TGFB1-induced fibrotic changes, cell apoptosis and ROS production, whereas Park7 overexpression or treatment with ND-13 (a PARK7-derived peptide) attenuated these TGFB1-induced changes. Mechanistically, PARK7 translocated into the nucleus of renal tubular cells following TGFB1 treatment or UUO, where it induced the expression of SOD2, an antioxidant enzyme. Taken together, these results indicate that PARK7 protects against chronic kidney injury and renal fibrosis by inducing SOD2 to reduce oxidative stress in tubular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Yin
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenwen Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengyuan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States
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14
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Yang J, Villar VAM, Jose PA, Zeng C. Renal Dopamine Receptors and Oxidative Stress: Role in Hypertension. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:716-735. [PMID: 32349533 PMCID: PMC7910420 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The kidney plays an important role in the long-term control of blood pressure. Oxidative stress is one of the fundamental mechanisms responsible for the development of hypertension. Dopamine, via five subtypes of receptors, plays an important role in the control of blood pressure by various mechanisms, including the inhibition of oxidative stress. Recent Advances: Dopamine receptors exert their regulatory function to decrease the oxidative stress in the kidney and ultimately maintain normal sodium balance and blood pressure homeostasis. An aberration of this regulation may be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Critical Issues: Our present article reviews the important role of oxidative stress and intrarenal dopaminergic system in the regulation of blood pressure, summarizes the current knowledge on renal dopamine receptor-mediated antioxidation, including decreasing reactive oxygen species production, inhibiting pro-oxidant enzyme nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, and stimulating antioxidative enzymes, and also discusses its underlying mechanisms, including the increased activity of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 (GRK4) and abnormal trafficking of renal dopamine receptors in hypertensive status. Future Directions: Identifying the mechanisms of renal dopamine receptors in the regulation of oxidative stress and their contribution to the pathogenesis of hypertension remains an important research focus. Increased understanding of the role of reciprocal regulation between renal dopamine receptors and oxidative stress in the regulation of blood pressure may give us novel insights into the pathogenesis of hypertension and provide a new treatment strategy for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Van Anthony M Villar
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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15
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Wang ZY, Cheng J, Liu B, Xie F, Li CL, Qiao W, Lu QH, Wang Y, Zhang MX. Protein deglycase DJ-1 deficiency induces phenotypic switching in vascular smooth muscle cells and exacerbates atherosclerotic plaque instability. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:2816-2827. [PMID: 33501750 PMCID: PMC7957272 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein deglycase DJ‐1 (DJ‐1) is a multifunctional protein involved in various biological processes. However, it is unclear whether DJ‐1 influences atherosclerosis development and plaque stability. Accordingly, we evaluated the influence of DJ‐1 deletion on the progression of atherosclerosis and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. We examine the expression of DJ‐1 in atherosclerotic plaques of human and mouse models which showed that DJ‐1 expression was significantly decreased in human plaques compared with that in healthy vessels. Consistent with this, the DJ‐1 levels were persistently reduced in atherosclerotic lesions of ApoE−/− mice with the increasing time fed by western diet. Furthermore, exposure of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to oxidized low‐density lipoprotein down‐regulated DJ‐1 in vitro. The canonical markers of plaque stability and VSMC phenotypes were evaluated in vivo and in vitro. DJ‐1 deficiency in Apoe−/− mice promoted the progression of atherosclerosis and exaggerated plaque instability. Moreover, isolated VSMCs from Apoe−/−DJ‐1−/− mice showed lower expression of contractile markers (α‐smooth muscle actin and calponin) and higher expression of synthetic indicators (osteopontin, vimentin and tropoelastin) and Kruppel‐like factor 4 (KLF4) by comparison with Apoe−/−DJ‐1+/+ mice. Furthermore, genetic inhibition of KLF4 counteracted the adverse effects of DJ‐1 deletion. Therefore, our results showed that DJ‐1 deletion caused phenotype switching of VSMCs and exacerbated atherosclerotic plaque instability in a KLF4‐dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Yang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chang-Ling Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wen Qiao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qing-Hua Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming-Xiang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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16
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De Miguel C, Pelegrín P, Baroja-Mazo A, Cuevas S. Emerging Role of the Inflammasome and Pyroptosis in Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031064. [PMID: 33494430 PMCID: PMC7865380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are components of the innate immune response that have recently emerged as crucial controllers of tissue homeostasis. In particular, the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing (NLR) family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a complex platform involved in the activation of caspase-1 and the maturation of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, which are mainly released via pyroptosis. Pyroptosis is a caspase-1-dependent type of cell death that is mediated by the cleavage of gasdermin D and the subsequent formation of structurally stable pores in the cell membrane. Through these pores formed by gasdermin proteins cytosolic contents are released into the extracellular space and act as damage-associated molecular patterns, which are pro-inflammatory signals. Inflammation is a main contributor to the development of hypertension and it also is known to stimulate fibrosis and end-organ damage. Patients with essential hypertension and animal models of hypertension exhibit elevated levels of circulating IL-1β. Downregulation of the expression of key components of the NLRP3 inflammasome delays the development of hypertension and pharmacological inhibition of this inflammasome leads to reduced blood pressure in animal models and humans. Although the relationship between pyroptosis and hypertension is not well established yet, pyroptosis has been associated with renal and cardiovascular diseases, instances where high blood pressure is a critical risk factor. In this review, we summarize the recent literature addressing the role of pyroptosis and the inflammasome in the development of hypertension and discuss the potential use of approaches targeting this pathway as future anti-hypertensive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen De Miguel
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Correspondence: (C.D.M.); (S.C.); Tel.: +34-868-885031 (S.C.)
| | - Pablo Pelegrín
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (P.P.); (A.B.-M.)
| | - Alberto Baroja-Mazo
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (P.P.); (A.B.-M.)
| | - Santiago Cuevas
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (P.P.); (A.B.-M.)
- Correspondence: (C.D.M.); (S.C.); Tel.: +34-868-885031 (S.C.)
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17
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Xiang Y, Fu L, Xiang HX, Zheng L, Tan ZX, Wang LX, Cao W, Xu DX, Zhao H. Correlations among Pulmonary DJ-1, VDR and Nrf-2 in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Case-control Study. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:2449-2456. [PMID: 33967623 PMCID: PMC8100631 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.58452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson protein 7 (PARK7)/DJ-1 (DJ-1) is a redox sensitive molecular and stabilizer of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2). Nrf-2 regulates the downstream antioxidant defense system and exerts a significant function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is the nuclear receptor that regulates the downstream target genes. This study aimed to analyze the associations among pulmonary function, DJ-1, VDR and Nrf-2 in COPD patients. Serum was collected from 180 COPD patients and control subjects. Thirty-five lung tissues were obtained. DJ-1 was measured using ELISA and western blotting. Nrf-2 and VDR were detected by immunohistochemistry. Serum and pulmonary DJ-1 levels were lower in COPD patients than those in control subjects. Pulmonary VDR-positive nuclei were reduced in COPD patients. Nrf-2-positive nuclei were reduced in lung tissues of COPD patients. On the contrary, Nrf-2-related downstream target proteins were elevated in COPD patients. Further correlation analysis indicated that forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) was positively associated with pulmonary DJ-1, VDR and Nrf-2 in patients with COPD. In addition, there were positive correlations among DJ-1, VDR and Nrf-2 in lung tissues of COPD patients. In conclusion, DJ-1, VDR and Nrf-2 were decreased in COPD patients compared with control subjects. The reduction of DJ-1 and VDR associating with Nrf-2 downregulation may be involved in the process of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiang
- Respiratory and critical care medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.,Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Lin Fu
- Respiratory and critical care medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.,Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hui-Xian Xiang
- Respiratory and critical care medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Ling Zheng
- Respiratory and critical care medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zhu-Xia Tan
- Respiratory and critical care medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.,Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Li-Xiang Wang
- Respiratory and critical care medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Respiratory and critical care medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Respiratory and critical care medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.,Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
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18
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Chin TY, Wang CC, Ma KH, Kuo CW, Hu MK, Chueh SH. Antioxidative effect of DJ-1 is enhanced in NG108-15 cells by DPMQ-induced copper influx. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 320:C635-C651. [PMID: 33356946 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00515.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of copper homeostasis is closely involved in neurodegenerative disorders. This study examined whether a hybrid copper-binding compound, (E)-2-(4-(dimethylamino)phenylimino)methyl)quinolin-8-ol (DPMQ), is able to protect NG108-15 cells against oxidative stress. We found that treatment of cells with rotenone or hydrogen peroxide increased cellular oxidative stress and resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. The cellular levels of Nrf2 and the Cu2+ chaperone DJ-1 were also decreased. These oxidative detrimental effects were all inhibited when cells were cotreated with DPMQ. DPMQ increased cellular Cu2+ content, DJ-1 protein level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and Nrf2 nuclear translocation under basal state. The activity of SOD decreased under redox imbalance and this decrease was blocked by DPMQ treatment, while the protein level of SOD1 remained unaltered regardless of the oxidative stress and DPMQ treatment. Using endogenous proteins, coimmunoprecipitation showed that DJ-1 bound with SOD1 and Nrf2 individually. The amount of Nrf2, bound to DJ-1, consistently reflected its cellular level, while the amount of SOD1, bound to DJ-1, was potentiated by DPMQ, being greater in the basal state than under redox imbalance. Simultaneous inclusion of nonpermeable Cu2+ chelator tetrathiomolybdate or triethylenetetramine during DPMQ treatment blocked all aforementioned effects of DPMQ, showing that the dependency of the effect of DPMQ on extracellular Cu2+. In addition, silencing of DJ-1 blocked the protection of DPMQ against oxidative stress. Taken all together, our results suggest that DPMQ stabilizes DJ-1 in a Cu2+-dependent manner, which then brings about SOD1 activation and Nrf2 nuclear translocation; these together alleviate cellular oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Chin
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, Taiwan
| | - Che-Chuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center for General Education, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsing Ma
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Kuo
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kuan Hu
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheau-Huei Chueh
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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19
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Xu L, Wu J, Li N, Jiang C, Guo Y, Cao P, Wang D. AITC induces MRP1 expression by protecting against CS/CSE-mediated DJ-1 protein degradation via activation of the DJ-1/Nrf2 axis. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 24:481-492. [PMID: 33093270 PMCID: PMC7585591 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2020.24.6.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the effect of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and to investigate whether upregulation of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) associated with the activation of the PARK7 (DJ-1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) axis. Lung function indexes and histopathological changes in mice were assessed by lung function detection and H&E staining. The expression levels of Nrf2, MRP1, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and DJ-1 were determined by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Next, the expression of DJ-1 in human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells was silenced by siRNA, and the effect of DJ-1 expression level on cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-stimulated protein degradation and AITC-induced protein expression was examined. The expression of DJ-1, Nrf2, HO-1, and MRP1 was significantly decreased in the wild type model group, while the expression of each protein was significantly increased after administration of AITC. Silencing the expression of DJ-1 in 16HBE cells accelerated CSE-induced protein degradation, and significantly attenuated the AITC-induced mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2 and MRP1. The present study describes a novel mechanism by which AITC induces MRP1 expression by protecting against CS/CSEmediated DJ-1 protein degradation via activation of the DJ-1/Nrf2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China.,Department of Pharmacy, Lu'an People's Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, Anhui 237016, P.R. China
| | - Nini Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
| | - Chengjun Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
| | - Yan Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
| | - Peng Cao
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, P.R. China
| | - Dianlei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, P.R. China
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20
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Anagnostopoulou A, Camargo LL, Rodrigues D, Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Importance of cholesterol-rich microdomains in the regulation of Nox isoforms and redox signaling in human vascular smooth muscle cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17818. [PMID: 33082354 PMCID: PMC7575553 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73751-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) function is regulated by Nox-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) and redox-dependent signaling in discrete cellular compartments. Whether cholesterol-rich microdomains (lipid rafts/caveolae) are involved in these processes is unclear. Here we examined the sub-cellular compartmentalization of Nox isoforms in lipid rafts/caveolae and assessed the role of these microdomains in VSMC ROS production and pro-contractile and growth signaling. Intact small arteries and primary VSMCs from humans were studied. Vessels from Cav-1-/- mice were used to test proof of concept. Human VSMCs express Nox1, Nox4, Nox5 and Cav-1. Cell fractionation studies showed that Nox1 and Nox5 but not Nox4, localize in cholesterol-rich fractions in VSMCs. Angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulation induced trafficking into and out of lipid rafts/caveolae for Nox1 and Nox5 respectively. Co-immunoprecipitation studies showed interactions between Cav-1/Nox1 but not Cav-1/Nox5. Lipid raft/caveolae disruptors (methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MCD) and Nystatin) and Ang II stimulation variably increased O2- generation and phosphorylation of MLC20, Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin (ERM) and p53 but not ERK1/2, effects recapitulated in Cav-1 silenced (siRNA) VSMCs. Nox inhibition prevented Ang II-induced phosphorylation of signaling molecules, specifically, ERK1/2 phosphorylation was attenuated by mellitin (Nox5 inhibitor) and Nox5 siRNA, while p53 phosphorylation was inhibited by NoxA1ds (Nox1 inhibitor). Ang II increased oxidation of DJ1, dual anti-oxidant and signaling molecule, through lipid raft/caveolae-dependent processes. Vessels from Cav-1-/- mice exhibited increased O2- generation and phosphorylation of ERM. We identify an important role for lipid rafts/caveolae that act as signaling platforms for Nox1 and Nox5 but not Nox4, in human VSMCs. Disruption of these microdomains promotes oxidative stress and Nox isoform-specific redox signalling important in vascular dysfunction associated with cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Anagnostopoulou
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Livia L Camargo
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Daniel Rodrigues
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK.
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21
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De Miguel C, Kraus AC, Saludes MA, Konkalmatt P, Ruiz Domínguez A, Asico LD, Latham PS, Offen D, Jose PA, Cuevas S. ND-13, a DJ-1-Derived Peptide, Attenuates the Renal Expression of Fibrotic and Inflammatory Markers Associated with Unilateral Ureter Obstruction. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197048. [PMID: 32987947 PMCID: PMC7582723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
DJ-1 is a redox-sensitive chaperone with reported antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in the kidney. The 20 amino acid (aa) peptide ND-13 consists of 13 highly conserved aas from the DJ-1 sequence and a TAT-derived 7 aa sequence that helps in cell penetration. This study aimed to determine if ND-13 treatment prevents the renal damage and inflammation associated with unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO). Male C57Bl/6 and DJ-1-/- mice underwent UUO and were treated with ND-13 or vehicle for 14 days. ND-13 attenuated the renal expression of fibrotic markers TGF-β and collagen1a1 (Col1a1) and inflammatory markers TNF-α and IL-6 in C57Bl/6 mice. DJ-1-/- mice treated with ND-13 presented similar decreased expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and TGF-β. However, in contrast to C57Bl/6 mice, ND-13 failed to prevent renal fibrosis or to ameliorate the expression of Col1a1 in this genotype. Further, UUO led to elevated urinary levels of the proximal tubular injury marker neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in DJ-1-/- mice, which were blunted by ND-13. Our results suggest that ND-13 protects against UUO-induced renal injury, inflammation and fibrosis. These are all crucial mechanisms in the pathogenesis of kidney injury. Thus, ND-13 may be a new therapeutic approach to prevent renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen De Miguel
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
- Correspondence: (C.D.M.); (S.C.); Tel.: +1-(205)-934-2430 (C.D.M.); +34-(868)-885-038 (S.C.)
| | - Abigayle C. Kraus
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| | - Mitchell A. Saludes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension and Pharmacology/Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (M.A.S.); (P.K.); (L.D.A.); (P.A.J.)
| | - Prasad Konkalmatt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension and Pharmacology/Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (M.A.S.); (P.K.); (L.D.A.); (P.A.J.)
| | - Almudena Ruiz Domínguez
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), University Clinical Hospital Virgen Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Laureano D. Asico
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension and Pharmacology/Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (M.A.S.); (P.K.); (L.D.A.); (P.A.J.)
| | - Patricia S. Latham
- Pathology and Internal Medicine The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
| | - Daniel Offen
- Neuroscience Laboratory, The Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel;
| | - Pedro A. Jose
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension and Pharmacology/Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (M.A.S.); (P.K.); (L.D.A.); (P.A.J.)
| | - Santiago Cuevas
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), University Clinical Hospital Virgen Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain;
- Correspondence: (C.D.M.); (S.C.); Tel.: +1-(205)-934-2430 (C.D.M.); +34-(868)-885-038 (S.C.)
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22
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Li D, Mastaglia FL, Fletcher S, Wilton SD. Progress in the molecular pathogenesis and nucleic acid therapeutics for Parkinson's disease in the precision medicine era. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:2650-2681. [PMID: 32767426 PMCID: PMC7589267 DOI: 10.1002/med.21718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders that manifest various motor and nonmotor symptoms. Although currently available therapies can alleviate some of the symptoms, the disease continues to progress, leading eventually to severe motor and cognitive decline and reduced life expectancy. The past two decades have witnessed rapid progress in our understanding of the molecular and genetic pathogenesis of the disease, paving the way for the development of new therapeutic approaches to arrest or delay the neurodegenerative process. As a result of these advances, biomarker‐driven subtyping is making it possible to stratify PD patients into more homogeneous subgroups that may better respond to potential genetic‐molecular pathway targeted disease‐modifying therapies. Therapeutic nucleic acid oligomers can bind to target gene sequences with very high specificity in a base‐pairing manner and precisely modulate downstream molecular events. Recently, nucleic acid therapeutics have proven effective in the treatment of a number of severe neurological and neuromuscular disorders, drawing increasing attention to the possibility of developing novel molecular therapies for PD. In this review, we update the molecular pathogenesis of PD and discuss progress in the use of antisense oligonucleotides, small interfering RNAs, short hairpin RNAs, aptamers, and microRNA‐based therapeutics to target critical elements in the pathogenesis of PD that could have the potential to modify disease progression. In addition, recent advances in the delivery of nucleic acid compounds across the blood–brain barrier and challenges facing PD clinical trials are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunhui Li
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Frank L Mastaglia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sue Fletcher
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Steve D Wilton
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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23
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De Miguel C, Hamrick WC, Sedaka R, Jagarlamudi S, Asico LD, Jose PA, Cuevas S. Uncoupling Protein 2 Increases Blood Pressure in DJ -1 Knockout Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 8:e011856. [PMID: 30995881 PMCID: PMC6512091 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.011856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The redox-sensitive chaperone DJ -1 and uncoupling protein 2 are protective against mitochondrial oxidative stress. We previously reported that renal-selective depletion and germline deletion of DJ -1 increases blood pressure in mice. This study aimed to determine the mechanisms involved in the oxidative stress-mediated hypertension in DJ -1 -/- mice. Methods and Results There were no differences in sodium excretion, renal renin expression, renal NADPH oxidase activity, and serum creatinine levels between DJ -1 -/- and wild-type mice. Renal expression of nitro-tyrosine, malondialdehyde, and urinary kidney injury marker-1 were increased in DJ -1 -/- mice relative to wild-type littermates. mRNA expression of mitochondrial heat shock protein 60 was also elevated in kidneys from DJ -1 -/- mice, indicating the presence of oxidative stress. Tempol-treated DJ -1 -/- mice presented higher serum nitrite/nitrate levels than vehicle-treated DJ -1 -/- mice, suggesting a role of the NO system in the high blood pressure of this model. Tempol treatment normalized renal kidney injury marker-1 and malondialdehyde expression as well as blood pressure in DJ -1 -/- mice, but had no effect in wild-type mice. The renal Ucp2 mRNA expression was increased in DJ -1 -/- mice versus wild-type and was also normalized by tempol. The renal-selective silencing of Ucp2 led to normalization of blood pressure and serum nitrite/nitrate ratio in DJ -1 -/- mice. Conclusions The deletion of DJ -1 leads to oxidative stress-induced hypertension associated with downregulation of NO function, and overexpression of Ucp2 in the kidney increases blood pressure in DJ -1 -/- mice. To our knowledge, this is the first report providing evidence of the role of uncoupling protein 2 in blood pressure regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen De Miguel
- 1 Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
| | - William C Hamrick
- 1 Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
| | - Randee Sedaka
- 1 Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
| | - Sudha Jagarlamudi
- 2 Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension Department of Medicine The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Washington DC
| | - Laureano D Asico
- 2 Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension Department of Medicine The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Washington DC
| | - Pedro A Jose
- 2 Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension Department of Medicine The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Washington DC
| | - Santiago Cuevas
- 3 Research Center for Genetic Medicine Children's National Health System Washington DC
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24
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Zhang L, Wang J, Wang J, Yang B, He Q, Weng Q. Role of DJ-1 in Immune and Inflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:994. [PMID: 32612601 PMCID: PMC7308417 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The DJ-1 protein, known as an oxidative stress sensor, participates in the onset of oxidative stress-related diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, type 2 diabetes, and male infertility. Although DJ-1 has been extensively studied for more than two decades, evidence has only recently emerged that it plays a key role in immune and inflammatory disorders. The immune regulatory function of DJ-1 is achieved by modulating the activation of several immune cells including macrophages, mast cells, and T cells via reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent and/or ROS-independent mechanisms. This review describes the current knowledge on DJ-1, focusing on its immune and inflammatory regulatory roles, and highlights the significance of DJ-1 as a novel therapeutic target for immune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Zhang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinjie Weng
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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25
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Cho HM, Kim I. Maternal high-fructose intake induces hypertension through activating histone codes on the (pro)renin receptor promoter. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:596-602. [PMID: 32423811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
High-fructose intake induces hypertension via the renal expression of (pro)renin receptor (PRR) that stimulates the expression of sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3, Na/K/2Cl cotransporter 2, and genes of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system. We hypothesize that maternal high-fructose intake induces hypertension in subsequent generation offspring through activating histone codes on the PRR promoter. Mice dams were offered 20% fructose solution during pregnancy and lactation, while the subsequent 1st to 4th generation offspring were raised without fructose. Blood pressure was measured via tail-cuff method. The mRNA and protein expression were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. Histone modification was evaluated using a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Maternal high-fructose intake statistically significantly increased blood pressure in the 1st and 2nd generations of offspring compared to the control group. Expression levels of sodium transporters and PRR were increased in the kidneys of the 1st to 3rd generation offspring. Increased enrichment of active histone codes such as H3Ac and H3K4me2 but decreased enrichment of repressive histone codes such as H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 on the PRR promoter were observed in the 1st to 3rd not the 4th generation. Moreover, there was increased the mRNA expression for histone acetyltransferase and methyl transferases for H3K4 in the 1st and 2nd generation offspring compared to the control group. This study implicates that maternal high-fructose intake induces hypertension in multigenerational offspring through activating histone codes on the PRR promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Min Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - InKyeom Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Tiu AC, Yang J, Asico LD, Konkalmatt P, Zheng X, Cuevas S, Wang X, Lee H, Mazhar M, Felder RA, Jose PA, Villar VAM. Lipid rafts are required for effective renal D 1 dopamine receptor function. FASEB J 2020; 34:6999-7017. [PMID: 32259353 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902710rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Effective receptor signaling is anchored on the preferential localization of the receptor in lipid rafts, which are plasma membrane platforms replete with cholesterol and sphingolipids. We hypothesized that the dopamine D1 receptor (D1 R) contains structural features that allow it to reside in lipid rafts for its activity. Mutation of C347 palmitoylation site and Y218 of a newly identified Cholesterol Recognition Amino Acid Consensus motif resulted in the exclusion of D1 R from lipid rafts, blunted cAMP response, impaired sodium transport, and increased oxidative stress in renal proximal tubule cells (RPTCs). Kidney-restricted silencing of Drd1 in C57BL/6J mice increased blood pressure (BP) that was normalized by renal tubule-restricted rescue with D1 R-wild-type but not the mutant D1 R 347A that lacks a palmitoylation site. Kidney-restricted disruption of lipid rafts by β-MCD jettisoned the D1 R from the brush border, decreased sodium excretion, and increased oxidative stress and BP in C57BL/6J mice. Deletion of the PX domain of the novel D1 R-binding partner sorting nexin 19 (SNX19) resulted in D1 R partitioning solely to non-raft domains, while silencing of SNX19 impaired D1 R function in RPTCs. Kidney-restricted silencing of Snx19 resulted in hypertension in C57BL/6J mice. Our results highlight the essential role of lipid rafts for effective D1 R signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Tiu
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Medicine, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Laureano D Asico
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Prasad Konkalmatt
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Xiaoxu Zheng
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Santiago Cuevas
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hewang Lee
- Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Momina Mazhar
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Robin A Felder
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Pharmacology/Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Van Anthony M Villar
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
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27
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Cuevas S, Villar VAM, Jose PA. Genetic polymorphisms associated with reactive oxygen species and blood pressure regulation. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2019; 19:315-336. [PMID: 30723314 PMCID: PMC6650341 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-019-0082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is the most prevalent cause of cardiovascular disease and kidney failure, but only about 50% of patients achieve adequate blood pressure control, in part, due to inter-individual genetic variations in the response to antihypertensive medication. Significant strides have been made toward the understanding of the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the regulation of the cardiovascular system. However, the role of ROS in human hypertension is still unclear. Polymorphisms of some genes involved in the regulation of ROS production are associated with hypertension, suggesting their potential influence on blood pressure control and response to antihypertensive medication. This review provides an update on the genes associated with the regulation of ROS production in hypertension and discusses the controversies on the use of antioxidants in the treatment of hypertension, including the antioxidant effects of antihypertensive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Cuevas
- Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.
| | - Van Anthony M Villar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Walter G. Ross Hall, Suite 738, 2300 I Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Walter G. Ross Hall, Suite 738, 2300 I Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
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28
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Over-expression of a cardiac-specific human dopamine D5 receptor mutation in mice causes a dilated cardiomyopathy through ROS over-generation by NADPH oxidase activation and Nrf2 degradation. Redox Biol 2018; 19:134-146. [PMID: 30153650 PMCID: PMC6111036 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a severe disorder caused by medications or genetic mutations. D5 dopamine receptor (D5R) gene knockout (D5-/-) mice have cardiac hypertrophy and high blood pressure. To investigate the role and mechanism by which the D5R regulates cardiac function, we generated cardiac-specific human D5R F173L(hD5F173L-TG) and cardiac-specific human D5R wild-type (hD5WT-TG) transgenic mice, and H9c2 cells stably expressing hD5F173L and hD5WT. We found that cardiac-specific hD5F173L-TG mice, relative to hD5WT-TG mice, presented with DCM and increased cardiac expression of cardiac injury markers, NADPH oxidase activity, Nrf2 degradation, and activated ERK1/2/JNK pathway. H9c2-hD5F173L cells also had an increase in NADPH oxidase activity, Nrf2 degradation, and phospho-JNK (p-JNK) expression. A Nrf2 inhibitor also increased p-JNK expression in H9c2-hD5F173L cells but not in H9c2-hD5WT cells. We suggest that the D5R may play an important role in the preservation of normal heart function by inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species, via inhibition of NADPH oxidase, Nrf2 degradation, and ERK1/2/JNK pathways.
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29
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Raninga PV, Di Trapani G, Tonissen KF. The Multifaceted Roles of DJ-1 as an Antioxidant. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1037:67-87. [PMID: 29147904 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6583-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The DJ-1 protein was originally linked with Parkinson's disease and is now known to have antioxidant functions. The protein has three redox-sensitive cysteine residues, which are involved in its dimerisation and functional properties. A mildly oxidised form of DJ-1 is the most active form and protects cells from oxidative stress conditions. DJ-1 functions as an antioxidant through a variety of mechanisms, including a weak direct antioxidant activity by scavenging reactive oxygen species. DJ-1 also regulates a number of signalling pathways, including the inhibition of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1)-induced apoptosis under oxidative stress conditions. Other proteins regulated by DJ-1 include enzymes, chaperones, the 20S proteasome and transcription factors, including Nrf2. Once activated by oxidative stress, Nrf2 upregulates antioxidant gene expression including members of the thioredoxin and glutathione pathways, which in turn mediate an antioxidant protective function. Crosstalk between DJ-1 and both the thioredoxin and glutathione systems has also been identified. Thioredoxin reduces a cysteine residue on DJ-1 to modulate its activity, while glutaredoxin1 de-glutathionylates DJ-1, preventing degradation of DJ-1 and resulting in its accumulation. DJ-1 also regulates the activity of glutamate cysteine ligase, which is the rate-limiting step for glutathione synthesis. These antioxidant functions of DJ-1 are key to its role in protecting neurons from oxidative stress and are hypothesised to protect the brain from the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and to protect cardiac tissues from ischaemic-reperfusion injury. However, DJ-1, as an antioxidant, also protects cancer cells from undergoing oxidative stress-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prahlad V Raninga
- School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.,Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Giovanna Di Trapani
- School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Kathryn F Tonissen
- School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia. .,Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.
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30
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Srivastava S, Blower PJ, Aubdool AA, Hider RC, Mann GE, Siow RC. Cardioprotective effects of Cu (II)ATSM in human vascular smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes mediated by Nrf2 and DJ-1. Sci Rep 2016; 6:7. [PMID: 28442712 PMCID: PMC5431352 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-016-0012-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cu(II)ATSM was developed as a hypoxia sensitive positron emission tomography agent. Recent reports have highlighted the neuroprotective properties of Cu(II)ATSM, yet there are no reports that it confers cardioprotection. We demonstrate that Cu(II)ATSM activates the redox-sensitive transcription factor Nrf2 in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMC) and cardiac myocytes (HCM), leading to upregulation of antioxidant defense enzymes. Oral delivery of Cu(II)ATSM in mice induced expression of the Nrf2-regulated enzymes in the heart and aorta. In HCASMC, Cu(II)ATSM increased expression of the Nrf2 stabilizer DJ-1, and knockdown of Nrf2 or DJ-1 attenuated Cu(II)ATSM-mediated heme oxygenase-1 and NADPH quinone oxidoreductase-1 induction. Pre-treatment of HCASMC with Cu(II)ATSM protected against the pro-oxidant effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) by attenuating superoxide generation, apoptosis, proliferation and increases in intracellular calcium. Notably, Cu(II)ATSM-mediated protection against Ang II-induced HCASMC apoptosis was diminished by Nrf2 knockdown. Acute treatment with Cu(II)ATSM enhanced the association of DJ-1 with superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1), paralleled by significant increases in intracellular Cu(II) levels and SOD1 activity. We describe a novel mechanism by which Cu(II)ATSM induces Nrf2-regulated antioxidant enzymes and protects against Ang II-mediated HCASMC dysfunction via activation of the Nrf2/DJ-1 axis. Cu(II)ATSM may provide a therapeutic strategy for cardioprotection via upregulation of antioxidant defenses.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Humans
- Male
- Antioxidants/metabolism
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cardiotonic Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Coordination Complexes
- Coronary Vessels/cytology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Organometallic Compounds/pharmacology
- Protein Deglycase DJ-1/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Thiosemicarbazones/pharmacology
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Salil Srivastava
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Philip J Blower
- Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering Division, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Aisah A Aubdool
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Robert C Hider
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | | | - Richard C Siow
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
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31
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Shen ZY, Sun Q, Xia ZY, Meng QT, Lei SQ, Zhao B, Tang LH, Xue R, Chen R. Overexpression of DJ-1 reduces oxidative stress and attenuates hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in NRK-52E cells exposed to high glucose. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:729-36. [PMID: 27430285 PMCID: PMC4990284 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetes are more vulnerable to renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which is implicated in hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress. We previously reported that the hyperglycemia-induced inhibition of DJ-1, a novel oncogene that exhibits potent antioxidant activity, is implicated in the severity of myocardial I/R injury. In the present study, we aimed to explore the role of DJ-1 in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury in renal cells exposed to high glucose (HG). For this purpose, NRK-52E cells were exposed to HG (30 mM) for 48 h and then exposed to hypoxia for 4 h and reoxygenation for 2 h, which significantly decreased cell viability and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, accompanied by a decrease in DJ-1 protein expression. The overexpression of DJ-1 by transfection with a DJ-1 overexpression plasmid exerted protective effects against HG-induced H/R injury, as evidenced by increased CCK-8 levels and SOD activity, the decreased release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the decreased MDA content, and increased nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. Similar effects were observed following treatment with the antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine. These results suggest that the overexpression of DJ-1 reduces oxidative stress and attenuates H/R injury in NRK-52E cells exposed to HG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ying Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Tao Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Qing Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Hua Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Rui Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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32
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Eltoweissy M, Dihazi GH, Müller GA, Asif AR, Dihazi H. Protein DJ-1 and its anti-oxidative stress function play an important role in renal cell mediated response to profibrotic agents. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:1842-59. [DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00887e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis, oxidative stress (OS) enhances the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to sustained cell growth, inflammation, excessive tissue remodelling and accumulation, which results in the development and acceleration of renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Eltoweissy
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology
- University Medical Center Göttingen
- Georg-August University Göttingen
- D-37075 Göttingen
- Germany
| | - Gry H. Dihazi
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology
- University Medical Center Göttingen
- Georg-August University Göttingen
- D-37075 Göttingen
- Germany
| | - Gerhard A. Müller
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology
- University Medical Center Göttingen
- Georg-August University Göttingen
- D-37075 Göttingen
- Germany
| | - Abdul R. Asif
- Department of Clinical Chemistry
- University Medical Center Göttingen
- Georg-August University Göttingen
- Germany
| | - Hassan Dihazi
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology
- University Medical Center Göttingen
- Georg-August University Göttingen
- D-37075 Göttingen
- Germany
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Lopes RA, Neves KB, Tostes RC, Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Downregulation of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor and Associated Antioxidant Genes Contributes to Redox-Sensitive Vascular Dysfunction in Hypertension. Hypertension 2015; 66:1240-50. [PMID: 26503970 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is implicated in vascular dysfunction in hypertension. Although mechanisms regulating vascular pro-oxidants are emerging, there is a paucity of information on antioxidant systems, particularly nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), a master regulator of antioxidants enzymes. We evaluated the vascular regulatory role of Nrf2 in hypertension and examined molecular mechanisms, whereby Nrf2 influences redox signaling in small arteries and vascular smooth muscle cells from Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). Cells were stimulated with angiotensin II in the absence/presence of Nrf2 activators (bardoxolone/L-sulforaphane). Increased vascular reactive oxygen species production (chemiluminescence and amplex red) was associated with reduced Nrf2 activity in arteries (18%) and vascular smooth muscle cells (48%) in SHRSP (P<0.05 versus WKY). Expression of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase-1 (64%), catalase (60%), peroxiredoxin 1 (75%), and glutathione peroxidase (54%), was reduced in SHRSP. L-sulforaphane reversed these effects. Angiotensin II increased nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 in vascular smooth muscle cells from WKY (197% versus vehicle), with blunted effects in SHRSP (44% versus vehicle). These responses were associated with increased antioxidant expression (superoxide dismutase-1, 32%; catalase, 42%; thioredoxin, 71%; peroxiredoxin, 1%-90%; quinone oxidoreductase, 84%; P<0.05 versus vehicle) and increased activity of superoxide dismutase-1, catalase, and thioredoxin in WKY but not in SHRSP, which exhibited increased Bach1 expression. Nrf2 activators blocked angiotensin II-induced reactive oxygen species generation. Vascular function demonstrated increased contractility (Emax WKY 113.4±5.6 versus SHRSP 159.0±8.3) and decreased endothelial-dependent relaxation (Emax WKY 88.6±3.1 versus SHRSP 74.6±3.2, P<0.05) in SHRSP, effects corrected by L-sulforaphane. Our findings suggest that Nrf2 downregulation contributes to redox-sensitive vascular dysfunction in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhéure A Lopes
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK (R.A.L., K.B.N., A.C.M., R.M.T.); and Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil (R.A.L., K.B.N., R.C.T.)
| | - Karla B Neves
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK (R.A.L., K.B.N., A.C.M., R.M.T.); and Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil (R.A.L., K.B.N., R.C.T.)
| | - Rita C Tostes
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK (R.A.L., K.B.N., A.C.M., R.M.T.); and Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil (R.A.L., K.B.N., R.C.T.)
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK (R.A.L., K.B.N., A.C.M., R.M.T.); and Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil (R.A.L., K.B.N., R.C.T.)
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK (R.A.L., K.B.N., A.C.M., R.M.T.); and Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil (R.A.L., K.B.N., R.C.T.).
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