1
|
Cai JR, Zhang NN, Cui Y, Ning YX, Wu Q, Zhang YN, Chen HS. Baseline systolic blood pressure, hypertension history, and efficacy of remote ischemic conditioning. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024. [PMID: 38831636 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.52077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We performed a post hoc exploratory analysis of Remote Ischemic Conditioning for Acute Moderate Ischemic Stroke (RICAMIS) to determine whether hypertension history and baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) affect the efficacy of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC). METHODS Based on the full analysis set of RICAMIS, patients were divided into hypertension versus non-hypertension group, or <140 mmHg versus ≥140 mmHg group. Each group was further subdivided into RIC and control subgroups. The primary outcome was modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0-1 at 90 days. Efficacy of RIC was compared among patients with hypertension versus nonhypertension history and SBP of <140 mmHg versus ≥140 mmHg. Furthermore, the interaction effect of treatment with hypertension and SBP was assessed. RESULTS Compared with control group, RIC produced a significantly higher proportion of patients with excellent functional outcome in the nonhypertension group (RIC vs. control: 65.7% vs. 57.0%, OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.06-1.98; p = 0.02), but no significant difference was observed in the hypertension group (RIC vs. control: 69.1% vs. 65.2%, p = 0.17). Similar results were observed in SBP ≥140 mmHg group (RIC vs. control: 68.0% vs. 61.2%, p = 0.009) and SBP <140 mmHg group (RIC vs. control: 65.6% vs. 64.7%, p = 0.77). No interaction effect of RIC on primary outcome was identified. INTERPRETATION Hypertension and baseline SBP did not affect the neuroprotective effect of RIC, but they were associated with higher probability of excellent functional outcome in patients with acute moderate ischemic stroke who received RIC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ru Cai
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Training Base of Jinzhou Medical University in the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Nan-Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue-Xin Ning
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi-Na Zhang
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui-Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yan MY, Liu JM, Wu J, Chang Q. Impact of remote ischemic postconditioning on acute ischemic stroke in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Syst Rev 2024; 13:141. [PMID: 38816852 PMCID: PMC11138007 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-024-02568-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a significant health burden in China, affecting a sizable portion of the population. Conventional pharmacological treatments frequently fall short of desirable outcomes. Therefore, exploring alternative therapies is crucial. Remote ischemic postconditioning (RIPostC) is a noninvasive and cost-effective adjunctive therapy. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of RIPostC as an adjunctive therapy for AIS to inform clinical practice. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted across the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang, Weipu (VIP), and China Biology Medicine disc (CBM) databases up to October 2023. All included studies underwent bias risk assessment using the Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment tool. The primary outcome measure was the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), with secondary outcomes including the Barthel index (BI), D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen (FIB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), modified Rankin scale (mRS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels. The data were analyzed using fixed-effects and random-effects models in Review Manager, with mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) calculated for each outcome. The grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluations (GRADE) approach was used to evaluate the level of evidence for each outcome measure. RESULTS This meta-analysis included 38 studies, encompassing 4334 patients. Compared with the control group, the RIPostC group had significantly lower NIHSS scores, serum CRP, D-dimer, IL-6, TNF-α, and FIB levels, and increased BDNF levels. Moreover, it improved the patient's BI and mRS scores. According to the GRADE approach, the quality of evidence for mRS was deemed "moderate," while the NIHSS, BI, and CRP were rated as "low" quality. IL-6, TNF-α, FIB, D-dimer, and BDNF received "very low" quality ratings. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that RIPostC activates endogenous protective mechanisms, providing benefits to patients with AIS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yuan Yan
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Min Liu
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen CH, Ganesh A. Remote Ischemic Conditioning in Stroke Recovery. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2024; 35:319-338. [PMID: 38514221 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is a therapeutic strategy to protect a vital organ like the brain from ischemic injury through brief and repeat cycles of ischemia and reperfusion in remote body parts such as arm or leg. RIC has been applied in different aspects of the stroke field and has shown promise. This narrative review will provide an overview of how to implement RIC in stroke patients, summarize the clinical evidence of RIC on stroke recovery, and discuss unresolved questions and future study directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Chen
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, HMRB Room 103, 3280 Hospital Drive, NW Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4Z6; Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No.1, Changde Street, Zhongzheng District, Taipei City 100229, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Aravind Ganesh
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, HMRB Room 103, 3280 Hospital Drive, NW Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4Z6.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim ID, Ju H, Minkler J, Madkoor A, Park KW, Cho S. Obesity-induced Ly6C High and Ly6C Low monocyte subset changes abolish post-ischemic limb conditioning benefits in stroke recovery. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:689-701. [PMID: 37974299 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231215101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Remote limb conditioning (RLC), performed by intermittent interruption of blood flow to a limb, triggers endogenous tolerance mechanisms and improves stroke outcomes. The underlying mechanism for the protective effect involves a shift of circulating monocytes to a Ly6CHigh proinflammatory subset in normal metabolic conditions. The current study investigates the effect of RLC on stroke outcomes in subjects with obesity, a vascular comorbidity. Compared to lean mice, obese stroke mice displayed significantly higher circulating monocytes (monocytosis), increased CD45High monocytes/macrophages infiltration to the injured brain, worse acute outcomes, and delayed recovery. Unlike lean mice, obese mice with RLC at 2 hours post-stroke failed to shift circulating monocytes to pro-inflammatory status and nullified RLC-induced functional benefit. The absence of the monocyte shift was also observed in splenocytes incubated with RLC serum from obese mice, while the shift was observed in the cultures with RLC serum from lean mice. These results showed that the alteration of monocytosis and subsets underlies negating RLC benefits in obese mice and suggest careful considerations of comorbidities at the time of RLC application for stroke therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Il-Doo Kim
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Hyunwoo Ju
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sunghee Cho
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY, USA
- Feil Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li Q, Guo J, Chen HS, Blauenfeldt RA, Hess DC, Pico F, Khatri P, Campbell BCV, Feng X, Abdalkader M, Saver JL, Nogueira RG, Jiang B, Li B, Yang M, Sang H, Yang Q, Qiu Z, Dai Y, Nguyen TN. Remote Ischemic Conditioning With Medical Management or Reperfusion Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neurology 2024; 102:e207983. [PMID: 38457772 PMCID: PMC11033986 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is a low-cost, accessible, and noninvasive neuroprotective treatment strategy, but its efficacy and safety in acute ischemic stroke are controversial. With the publication of several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and the recent results of the RESIST trial, it may be possible to identify the patient population that may (or may not) benefit from RIC. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of RIC in patients with ischemic stroke receiving different treatments by pooling data of all randomized controlled studies to date. METHODS We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Elsevier, and Web of Science databases to obtain articles in all languages from inception until May 25, 2023. The primary outcome was the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at the specified endpoint time in the trial. The secondary outcomes were change in NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and recurrence of stroke events. The safety outcomes were cardiovascular events, cerebral hemorrhage, and mortality. The quality of articles was evaluated through the Cochrane risk assessment tool. This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023430073). RESULTS There were 7,657 patients from 22 RCTs included. Compared with the control group, patients who received RIC did not have improved mRS functional outcomes, regardless of whether they received medical management, reperfusion therapy with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), or mechanical thrombectomy (MT). In the medical management group, patients who received RIC had decreased incidence of stroke recurrence (risk ratio 0.63, 95% CI 0.43-0.92, p = 0.02) and lower follow-up NIHSS score by 1.72 points compared with the control group (p < 0.00001). There was no increased risk of adverse events including death or cerebral hemorrhage in the IVT or medical management group. DISCUSSION In patients with ischemic stroke who are not eligible for reperfusion therapy, RIC did not affect mRS functional outcomes but significantly improved the NIHSS score at the follow-up endpoint and reduced stroke recurrence, without increasing the risk of cerebral hemorrhage or death. In patients who received IVT or MT, the benefit of RIC was not observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- From the Department of Neurology (Q.L., X.F., B.J., B.L., M.Y., Z.Q., Y.D.), The 903rd Hospital of The Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou; Intensive Care Unit of Department of Neurology (J.G.), Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.-S.C.), General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China; Department of Neurology (R.A.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (D.C.H.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta; Neurology and Stroke Center (F.P.), Versailles Mignot Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (P.K.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Medicine and Neurology (B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Boston Medical Center (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), University of California in Los Angeles; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.S.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou; and Department of Neurology (Q.Y.), Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinxiu Guo
- From the Department of Neurology (Q.L., X.F., B.J., B.L., M.Y., Z.Q., Y.D.), The 903rd Hospital of The Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou; Intensive Care Unit of Department of Neurology (J.G.), Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.-S.C.), General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China; Department of Neurology (R.A.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (D.C.H.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta; Neurology and Stroke Center (F.P.), Versailles Mignot Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (P.K.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Medicine and Neurology (B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Boston Medical Center (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), University of California in Los Angeles; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.S.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou; and Department of Neurology (Q.Y.), Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui-Sheng Chen
- From the Department of Neurology (Q.L., X.F., B.J., B.L., M.Y., Z.Q., Y.D.), The 903rd Hospital of The Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou; Intensive Care Unit of Department of Neurology (J.G.), Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.-S.C.), General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China; Department of Neurology (R.A.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (D.C.H.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta; Neurology and Stroke Center (F.P.), Versailles Mignot Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (P.K.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Medicine and Neurology (B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Boston Medical Center (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), University of California in Los Angeles; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.S.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou; and Department of Neurology (Q.Y.), Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rolf Ankerlund Blauenfeldt
- From the Department of Neurology (Q.L., X.F., B.J., B.L., M.Y., Z.Q., Y.D.), The 903rd Hospital of The Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou; Intensive Care Unit of Department of Neurology (J.G.), Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.-S.C.), General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China; Department of Neurology (R.A.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (D.C.H.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta; Neurology and Stroke Center (F.P.), Versailles Mignot Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (P.K.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Medicine and Neurology (B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Boston Medical Center (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), University of California in Los Angeles; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.S.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou; and Department of Neurology (Q.Y.), Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - David C Hess
- From the Department of Neurology (Q.L., X.F., B.J., B.L., M.Y., Z.Q., Y.D.), The 903rd Hospital of The Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou; Intensive Care Unit of Department of Neurology (J.G.), Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.-S.C.), General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China; Department of Neurology (R.A.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (D.C.H.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta; Neurology and Stroke Center (F.P.), Versailles Mignot Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (P.K.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Medicine and Neurology (B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Boston Medical Center (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), University of California in Los Angeles; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.S.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou; and Department of Neurology (Q.Y.), Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fernando Pico
- From the Department of Neurology (Q.L., X.F., B.J., B.L., M.Y., Z.Q., Y.D.), The 903rd Hospital of The Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou; Intensive Care Unit of Department of Neurology (J.G.), Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.-S.C.), General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China; Department of Neurology (R.A.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (D.C.H.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta; Neurology and Stroke Center (F.P.), Versailles Mignot Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (P.K.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Medicine and Neurology (B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Boston Medical Center (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), University of California in Los Angeles; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.S.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou; and Department of Neurology (Q.Y.), Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pooja Khatri
- From the Department of Neurology (Q.L., X.F., B.J., B.L., M.Y., Z.Q., Y.D.), The 903rd Hospital of The Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou; Intensive Care Unit of Department of Neurology (J.G.), Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.-S.C.), General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China; Department of Neurology (R.A.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (D.C.H.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta; Neurology and Stroke Center (F.P.), Versailles Mignot Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (P.K.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Medicine and Neurology (B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Boston Medical Center (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), University of California in Los Angeles; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.S.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou; and Department of Neurology (Q.Y.), Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bruce C V Campbell
- From the Department of Neurology (Q.L., X.F., B.J., B.L., M.Y., Z.Q., Y.D.), The 903rd Hospital of The Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou; Intensive Care Unit of Department of Neurology (J.G.), Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.-S.C.), General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China; Department of Neurology (R.A.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (D.C.H.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta; Neurology and Stroke Center (F.P.), Versailles Mignot Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (P.K.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Medicine and Neurology (B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Boston Medical Center (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), University of California in Los Angeles; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.S.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou; and Department of Neurology (Q.Y.), Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinggang Feng
- From the Department of Neurology (Q.L., X.F., B.J., B.L., M.Y., Z.Q., Y.D.), The 903rd Hospital of The Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou; Intensive Care Unit of Department of Neurology (J.G.), Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.-S.C.), General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China; Department of Neurology (R.A.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (D.C.H.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta; Neurology and Stroke Center (F.P.), Versailles Mignot Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (P.K.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Medicine and Neurology (B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Boston Medical Center (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), University of California in Los Angeles; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.S.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou; and Department of Neurology (Q.Y.), Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mohamad Abdalkader
- From the Department of Neurology (Q.L., X.F., B.J., B.L., M.Y., Z.Q., Y.D.), The 903rd Hospital of The Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou; Intensive Care Unit of Department of Neurology (J.G.), Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.-S.C.), General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China; Department of Neurology (R.A.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (D.C.H.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta; Neurology and Stroke Center (F.P.), Versailles Mignot Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (P.K.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Medicine and Neurology (B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Boston Medical Center (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), University of California in Los Angeles; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.S.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou; and Department of Neurology (Q.Y.), Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jeffrey L Saver
- From the Department of Neurology (Q.L., X.F., B.J., B.L., M.Y., Z.Q., Y.D.), The 903rd Hospital of The Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou; Intensive Care Unit of Department of Neurology (J.G.), Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.-S.C.), General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China; Department of Neurology (R.A.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (D.C.H.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta; Neurology and Stroke Center (F.P.), Versailles Mignot Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (P.K.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Medicine and Neurology (B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Boston Medical Center (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), University of California in Los Angeles; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.S.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou; and Department of Neurology (Q.Y.), Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Raul G Nogueira
- From the Department of Neurology (Q.L., X.F., B.J., B.L., M.Y., Z.Q., Y.D.), The 903rd Hospital of The Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou; Intensive Care Unit of Department of Neurology (J.G.), Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.-S.C.), General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China; Department of Neurology (R.A.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (D.C.H.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta; Neurology and Stroke Center (F.P.), Versailles Mignot Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (P.K.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Medicine and Neurology (B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Boston Medical Center (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), University of California in Los Angeles; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.S.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou; and Department of Neurology (Q.Y.), Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bingwu Jiang
- From the Department of Neurology (Q.L., X.F., B.J., B.L., M.Y., Z.Q., Y.D.), The 903rd Hospital of The Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou; Intensive Care Unit of Department of Neurology (J.G.), Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.-S.C.), General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China; Department of Neurology (R.A.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (D.C.H.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta; Neurology and Stroke Center (F.P.), Versailles Mignot Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (P.K.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Medicine and Neurology (B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Boston Medical Center (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), University of California in Los Angeles; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.S.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou; and Department of Neurology (Q.Y.), Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bing Li
- From the Department of Neurology (Q.L., X.F., B.J., B.L., M.Y., Z.Q., Y.D.), The 903rd Hospital of The Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou; Intensive Care Unit of Department of Neurology (J.G.), Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.-S.C.), General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China; Department of Neurology (R.A.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (D.C.H.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta; Neurology and Stroke Center (F.P.), Versailles Mignot Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (P.K.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Medicine and Neurology (B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Boston Medical Center (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), University of California in Los Angeles; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.S.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou; and Department of Neurology (Q.Y.), Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Yang
- From the Department of Neurology (Q.L., X.F., B.J., B.L., M.Y., Z.Q., Y.D.), The 903rd Hospital of The Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou; Intensive Care Unit of Department of Neurology (J.G.), Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.-S.C.), General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China; Department of Neurology (R.A.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (D.C.H.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta; Neurology and Stroke Center (F.P.), Versailles Mignot Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (P.K.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Medicine and Neurology (B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Boston Medical Center (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), University of California in Los Angeles; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.S.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou; and Department of Neurology (Q.Y.), Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongfei Sang
- From the Department of Neurology (Q.L., X.F., B.J., B.L., M.Y., Z.Q., Y.D.), The 903rd Hospital of The Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou; Intensive Care Unit of Department of Neurology (J.G.), Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.-S.C.), General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China; Department of Neurology (R.A.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (D.C.H.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta; Neurology and Stroke Center (F.P.), Versailles Mignot Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (P.K.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Medicine and Neurology (B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Boston Medical Center (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), University of California in Los Angeles; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.S.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou; and Department of Neurology (Q.Y.), Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingwu Yang
- From the Department of Neurology (Q.L., X.F., B.J., B.L., M.Y., Z.Q., Y.D.), The 903rd Hospital of The Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou; Intensive Care Unit of Department of Neurology (J.G.), Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.-S.C.), General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China; Department of Neurology (R.A.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (D.C.H.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta; Neurology and Stroke Center (F.P.), Versailles Mignot Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (P.K.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Medicine and Neurology (B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Boston Medical Center (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), University of California in Los Angeles; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.S.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou; and Department of Neurology (Q.Y.), Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongming Qiu
- From the Department of Neurology (Q.L., X.F., B.J., B.L., M.Y., Z.Q., Y.D.), The 903rd Hospital of The Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou; Intensive Care Unit of Department of Neurology (J.G.), Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.-S.C.), General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China; Department of Neurology (R.A.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (D.C.H.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta; Neurology and Stroke Center (F.P.), Versailles Mignot Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (P.K.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Medicine and Neurology (B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Boston Medical Center (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), University of California in Los Angeles; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.S.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou; and Department of Neurology (Q.Y.), Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Dai
- From the Department of Neurology (Q.L., X.F., B.J., B.L., M.Y., Z.Q., Y.D.), The 903rd Hospital of The Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou; Intensive Care Unit of Department of Neurology (J.G.), Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.-S.C.), General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China; Department of Neurology (R.A.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (D.C.H.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta; Neurology and Stroke Center (F.P.), Versailles Mignot Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (P.K.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Medicine and Neurology (B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Boston Medical Center (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), University of California in Los Angeles; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.S.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou; and Department of Neurology (Q.Y.), Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Thanh N Nguyen
- From the Department of Neurology (Q.L., X.F., B.J., B.L., M.Y., Z.Q., Y.D.), The 903rd Hospital of The Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou; Intensive Care Unit of Department of Neurology (J.G.), Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.-S.C.), General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China; Department of Neurology (R.A.B.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (D.C.H.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta; Neurology and Stroke Center (F.P.), Versailles Mignot Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (P.K.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Medicine and Neurology (B.C.V.C.), Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Boston Medical Center (M.A., T.N.N.), Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), University of California in Los Angeles; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.S.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou; and Department of Neurology (Q.Y.), Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cui Y, Chen YN, Nguyen TN, Chen HS. Duration of Remote Ischemic Conditioning and Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e033609. [PMID: 38533936 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.033609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remote ischemic conditioning has been found to be effective in improving functional outcomes in acute ischemic stroke. We conducted a post hoc analysis of the RICAMIS (Remote Ischemic Conditioning for Acute Moderate Ischemic Stroke) trial to determine whether long-term remote ischemic conditioning duration after stroke onset is associated with better clinical outcomes in ischemic stroke. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients from the full analysis set were included in this secondary analysis. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with an excellent functional outcome at 90 days, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 1. Among the 1776 patients, there were 55 patients in the 1 to 7 days remote ischemic conditioning group, 345 in the 8 to 10 days group, 412 in the 11 to 13 days group, 51 in the 14 to 16 days group, and 913 in the control group. Compared with the control group, a significantly higher proportion of excellent functional outcomes at 90 days was found in the 11 to 13 days remote ischemic conditioning group (adjusted absolute difference, 9.1% [95% CI, 3.7%-14.5%]; P =0.001), which was attenuated in the other groups (adjusted absolute difference in the 8-10 days group, 2.0% [95% CI, -4.0% to 8.0%]; P=0.51; adjusted absolute difference in the 14-16 days group, 7.4% [95% CI, -5.8% to 20.5%]; P=0.27), but compared to the control group, there was lower proportion of excellent functional outcomes in the 1 to 7 days group (adjusted absolute difference, -14.4% [95% CI, -27.8% to 0.0%]; P=0.05). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with acute moderate ischemic stroke, a higher likelihood of excellent clinical outcome was found in patients with longer duration of remote ischemic conditioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cui
- Department of Neurology General Hospital of Northern Theater Command Shenyang China
| | - Yi-Ning Chen
- Department of Oncology The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Thanh N Nguyen
- Department of Neurology Radiology, Boston Medical Center Boston MA USA
| | - Hui-Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurology General Hospital of Northern Theater Command Shenyang China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Blauenfeldt RA, Mortensen JK, Hjort N, Valentin JB, Homburg AM, Modrau B, Sandal BF, Gude MF, Berhndtz AB, Johnsen SP, Hess DC, Simonsen CZ, Andersen G. Effect of Remote Ischemic Conditioning in Ischemic Stroke Subtypes: A Post Hoc Subgroup Analysis From the RESIST Trial. Stroke 2024; 55:874-879. [PMID: 38299363 PMCID: PMC10962424 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.046144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is a simple and noninvasive procedure that has proved to be safe and feasible in numerous smaller clinical trials. Mixed results have been found in recent large randomized controlled trials. This is a post hoc subgroup analysis of the RESIST trial (Remote Ischemic Conditioning in Patients With Acute Stroke), investigating the effect of RIC in different acute ischemic stroke etiologies, and whether an effect was modified by treatment adherence. METHODS Eligible patients were adults (aged ≥18 years), independent in activities of daily living, who had prehospital stroke symptoms with a duration of less than 4 hours. They were randomized to RIC or sham. The RIC treatment protocol consisted of 5 cycles with 5 minutes of cuff inflation alternating with 5 minutes with a deflated cuff. Acceptable treatment adherence was defined as when at least 80% of planned RIC cycles were received. The analysis was performed using the entire range (shift analysis) of the modified Rankin Scale (ordinal logistic regression). RESULTS A total of 698 had acute ischemic stroke, 253 (36%) were women, and the median (interquartile range) age was 73 (63-80) years. Median (interquartile range) overall adherence to RIC/sham was 91% (68%-100%). In patients with a stroke due to cerebral small vessel disease, who were adherent to treatment, RIC was associated with improved functional outcome, and the odds ratio for a shift to a lower score on the modified Rankin Scale was 2.54 (1.03-6.25); P=0.042. The association remained significant after adjusting for potential confounders. No significant associations were found with other stroke etiologies, and the overall test for interaction was not statistically significant (χ2, 4.33, P=0.23). CONCLUSIONS In patients with acute ischemic stroke due to cerebral small vessel disease, who maintained good treatment adherence, RIC was associated with improved functional outcomes at 90 days. These results should only serve as a hypothesis-generating for future trials. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03481777.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Ankerlund Blauenfeldt
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (R.A.B., J.K.M., N.H., C.Z.S., G.A.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark (R.A.B., J.K.M., N.H., M.F.G., C.Z.S., G.A.)
| | - Janne Kaergaard Mortensen
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (R.A.B., J.K.M., N.H., C.Z.S., G.A.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark (R.A.B., J.K.M., N.H., M.F.G., C.Z.S., G.A.)
| | - Niels Hjort
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (R.A.B., J.K.M., N.H., C.Z.S., G.A.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark (R.A.B., J.K.M., N.H., M.F.G., C.Z.S., G.A.)
| | - Jan Brink Valentin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Danish Center for Health Services Research, Aalborg University, Denmark (J.B.V., S.P.J.)
| | - Anne-Mette Homburg
- Department of Neurology, Research Unit for Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (A.-M.H.)
| | - Boris Modrau
- Department of Neurology, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark (B.M.)
| | | | - Martin Faurholdt Gude
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark (R.A.B., J.K.M., N.H., M.F.G., C.Z.S., G.A.)
- Department of Research and Development, Prehospital Emergency Medical Services, Central Denmark Region, Aarhus, Denmark (M.F.G.)
| | - Anne Brink Berhndtz
- Department of Neurology, Regional Hospital Gødstrup, Denmark (B.F.S., A.B.B.)
| | - Søren Paaske Johnsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Danish Center for Health Services Research, Aalborg University, Denmark (J.B.V., S.P.J.)
| | - David C. Hess
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA (D.C.H.)
| | - Claus Ziegler Simonsen
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (R.A.B., J.K.M., N.H., C.Z.S., G.A.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark (R.A.B., J.K.M., N.H., M.F.G., C.Z.S., G.A.)
| | - Grethe Andersen
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (R.A.B., J.K.M., N.H., C.Z.S., G.A.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark (R.A.B., J.K.M., N.H., M.F.G., C.Z.S., G.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jiang B, Wang X, Ma J, Fayyaz A, Wang L, Qin P, Ding Y, Ji X, Li S. Remote ischemic conditioning after stroke: Research progress in clinical study. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14507. [PMID: 37927203 PMCID: PMC11017418 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Stroke is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, indicating the necessity and urgency of effective prevention and treatment. Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is a convenient, simple, non-intrusive, and effective method that can be easily added to the treatment regime of stroke patients. Animal experiments and clinical trials have proved the neuroprotective effects of RIC on brain injury including (examples of neuroprotective effects). This neuroprotection is achieved by raising brain tolerance to ischemia, increasing local cerebral blood perfusion, promoting collateral circulations, neural regeneration, and reducing the incidence of hematomas in brain tissue. This current paper will summarize the studies within the last 2 years for the comprehensive understanding of the use of RIC in the treatment of stroke. METHODS This paper summarizes the clinical research progress of RIC on stroke (ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke (HS)). This paper is a systematic review of research published on registered clinical trials using RIC in stroke from inception through November 2022. Four major databases (PUBMED, WEB OF SCIENCE, EMBASE, and ClinicalTrials.gov) were searched. RESULTS Forty-eight studies were identified meeting our criteria. Of these studies, 14 were in patients with acute ischemic stroke with onset times ranging from 6 h to 14 days, seven were in patients with intravenous thrombolysis or endovascular thrombectomy, 10 were in patients with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis, six on patients with vascular cognitive impairment, three on patients with moyamoya disease, and eight on patients with HS. Of the 48 studies, 42 were completed and six are ongoing. CONCLUSIONS RIC is safe, feasible, and effective in the treatment of stroke. Large-scale research is still required to explore the optimal treatment options and mechanisms of RIC in the future to develop a breakthrough in stroke prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jiang
- Department of NeurologyShenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of NeurologyShenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Jianping Ma
- Department of NeurologyShenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Aminah Fayyaz
- Department of NeurosurgeryWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of NeurologyShenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Pei Qin
- Department of NeurologyShenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of NeurosurgeryWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Xunming Ji
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain DisordersCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Sijie Li
- Department of Emergency, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Piechocki M, Przewłocki T, Pieniążek P, Trystuła M, Podolec J, Kabłak-Ziembicka A. A Non-Coronary, Peripheral Arterial Atherosclerotic Disease (Carotid, Renal, Lower Limb) in Elderly Patients-A Review: Part I-Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Atherosclerosis-Related Diversities in Elderly Patients. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1471. [PMID: 38592280 PMCID: PMC10935176 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a generalized and progressive disease. Ageing is a key risk factor for atherosclerosis progression that is associated with the increased incidence of ischemic events in supplied organs, including stroke, coronary events, limb ischemia, or renal failure. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and major disability in adults ≥ 75 years of age. Atherosclerotic occlusive disease affects everyday activity and quality of life, and it is associated with reduced life expectancy. Although there is evidence on coronary artery disease management in the elderly, there is insufficient data on the management in older patients presented with atherosclerotic lesions outside the coronary territory. Despite this, trials and observational studies systematically exclude older patients, particularly those with severe comorbidities, physical or cognitive dysfunctions, frailty, or residence in a nursing home. This results in serious critical gaps in knowledge and a lack of guidance on the appropriate medical treatment and referral for endovascular or surgical interventions. Therefore, we attempted to gather data on the prevalence, risk factors, and management strategies in patients with extra-coronary atherosclerotic lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Piechocki
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The St. John Paul II Hospital, Prądnicka 80, 31-202 Krakow, Poland; (M.P.); (P.P.); (M.T.)
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, św. Anny 12, 31-007 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Tadeusz Przewłocki
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, św. Anny 12, 31-007 Krakow, Poland;
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, The St. John Paul II Hospital, Prądnicka 80, 31-202 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Piotr Pieniążek
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The St. John Paul II Hospital, Prądnicka 80, 31-202 Krakow, Poland; (M.P.); (P.P.); (M.T.)
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, św. Anny 12, 31-007 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Trystuła
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The St. John Paul II Hospital, Prądnicka 80, 31-202 Krakow, Poland; (M.P.); (P.P.); (M.T.)
| | - Jakub Podolec
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, The St. John Paul II Hospital, Prądnicka 80, 31-202 Krakow, Poland;
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, św. Anny 12, 31-007 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Kabłak-Ziembicka
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, św. Anny 12, 31-007 Krakow, Poland
- Noninvasive Cardiovascular Laboratory, The St. John Paul II Hospital, Prądnicka 80, 31-202 Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Keevil H, Phillips BE, England TJ. Remote ischemic conditioning for stroke: A critical systematic review. Int J Stroke 2024; 19:271-279. [PMID: 37466245 PMCID: PMC10903142 DOI: 10.1177/17474930231191082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is the application of brief periods of ischemia to an organ or tissue with the aim of inducing protection from ischemia in a distant organ. It was first developed as a cardioprotective strategy but has been increasingly investigated as a neuroprotective intervention. The mechanisms by which RIC achieves neuroprotection are incompletely understood. Preclinical studies focus on the hypothesis that RIC can protect the brain from ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury following the restoration of blood flow after occlusion of a large cerebral artery. However, increasingly, a role of chronic RIC (CRIC) is being investigated as a means of promoting recovery following an ischemic insult to the brain. The recent publication of two large, randomized control trials has provided promise that RIC could improve functional outcomes after acute ischemic stroke, and that there may be a role for CRIC in the prevention of recurrent stroke. Although less developed, there is also proof-of-concept to suggest that RIC may be used to reduce vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage or improve cognitive outcomes in vascular dementia. As a cheap, well-tolerated and almost universally applicable intervention, the motivation for investigating possible benefit of RIC in patients with cerebrovascular disease is great. In this review, we shall review the current evidence for RIC as applied to cerebrovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harry Keevil
- Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Injury, Recovery & Inflammation Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Bethan E Phillips
- Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Injury, Recovery & Inflammation Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Timothy J England
- Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Stroke, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton, Derby, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cui Y, Zhang J, Chen H. Age and efficacy of remote ischemic conditioning in acute ischemic stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14451. [PMID: 37664879 PMCID: PMC10916442 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS A post hoc analysis of RICAMIS trial to evaluate functional outcomes in relation to patient age. METHODS Patients in RICAMIS were divided into six age groups. The primary outcome was excellent functional outcome at 90 days, defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0-1. Compared with patients receiving usual care alone, we investigated the association of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) effect with functional outcomes in each group and the interaction between RIC effect and age. RESULTS Of 1776 patients, 498 were assigned to <60 years, 326 to 60 to <65 years, 325 to 65 to <70 years, 278 to 70 to <75 years, 206 to 75 to <80 years, and 143 to ≥80 years. Higher proportions of primary outcome were found associated with RIC in <60 years group (72.6% vs. 64.8%; adjusted risk difference [RD], 6.8%; 95% CI, -1.6% to 15.1%; p = 0.11), 60 to <65 years group (70.7% vs. 67.1%; adjusted RD, 3.1%; 95% CI, -7.2% to 13.3%; p = 0.56), 65 to <70 years group (70.5% vs. 63.6%; adjusted RD, 3.5%; 95% CI, -6.8% to 13.8%; p = 0.51), 70 to <75 years group (59.7% vs. 54.9%; adjusted RD, 4.7%; 95% CI, -7.1% to 16.4%; p = 0.61), 75 to <80 years group (61.5% vs. 55.9%; adjusted RD, 5.7%; 95% CI, -7.8% to 19.1%; p = 0.41), and ≥ 80 years group (59.2% vs. 59.7%; adjusted RD, -2.6%; 95% CI, -18.8% to 13.5%; p = 0.75). No significant interaction between RIC effect and age was found among groups. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report that RIC effect may be attenuated with increasing age in patients with acute moderate ischemic stroke with respect to functional outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cui
- Department of NeurologyGeneral Hospital of Northern Theater CommandShenyangChina
| | - Jing Zhang
- Yinchuan Dingxiang Internet HospitalYinchuanChina
| | - Hui‐Sheng Chen
- Department of NeurologyGeneral Hospital of Northern Theater CommandShenyangChina
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Saito M, Hoshino T, Ishizuka K, Iwasaki S, Toi S, Shibata N, Kitagawa K. Remote Ischemic Conditioning Enhances Collateral Circulation Through Leptomeningeal Anastomosis and Diminishes Early Ischemic Lesions and Infarct Volume in Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion. Transl Stroke Res 2024; 15:41-52. [PMID: 36441491 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01108-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) has attracted much attention as a protective strategy for the heart and brain, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that RIC enhances collateral circulation during cerebral ischemia through endothelial function and mitigates both early ischemic change and final infarct volume. We tested the RIC and sham procedure 30 min after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in male mice. Collateral circulation was examined during the procedure with 2D color-coded ultrasound imaging. Immediately after four cycles of RIC, early ischemic lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and development of pial collateral vessels were examined. The neurological signs and infarct volume with TTC were examined until 48 h after daily RIC. As compared with sham procedure, RIC enhanced collateral circulation, diminished early ischemic lesions, enlarged pial collaterals, and mitigated infarct volume. Next, we examined the effect of inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and Akt on the beneficial effect of RIC in MCAO. Both allosteric Akt inhibitor, 8-[4-(1-Aminocyclobutyl)phenyl]-9-phenyl[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-f][1,6]naphthyridin-3(2H)-one (MK2206), and two NOS inhibitors, N5-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-ornithine dihydrochloride (L-NIO) and NG-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME), counteracted the beneficial effect of RIC on collateral circulation, early lesions, pial anastomosis, and infarct volume. In permanent MCAO, RIC could enhance collateral circulation through leptomeningeal anastomosis with Akt-eNOS pathway and diminish early lesion and final infarct volume.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moeko Saito
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, 8-1 Kawada-Cho, Shinjyuku-Ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Takao Hoshino
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, 8-1 Kawada-Cho, Shinjyuku-Ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ishizuka
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, 8-1 Kawada-Cho, Shinjyuku-Ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Shuichi Iwasaki
- Department of Pathology (SI, NS), Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sono Toi
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, 8-1 Kawada-Cho, Shinjyuku-Ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Shibata
- Department of Pathology (SI, NS), Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kitagawa
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, 8-1 Kawada-Cho, Shinjyuku-Ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bartlett E, Morse SC, Morse D, Goodson L, Adams KN, Nichol G. Randomized feasibility trial of remote ischemic conditioning to enhance resuscitation (RICE). Resuscitation 2024; 195:110003. [PMID: 37839518 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.110003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Restoration of blood flow after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is associated with inflammation that causes cellular injury. The extent of this reperfusion injury (RI) is associated with the duration of ischemia and adequacy of resuscitation. Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) consists of repeated application of non-lethal ischemia then reperfusion to a limb distal to the heart by inflating a blood pressure (BP) cuff. Trials in animal models in cardiac arrest and in humans with acute infarction show RIC reduces RI. OBJECTIVE We sought to demonstrate the feasibility and safety of RIC in patients resuscitated from OHCA and transported to hospital. METHODS This study was conducted under exception from informed consent (EFIC) for emergency research. Eligible subjects were randomized with masked allocation to control (standard care) versus intervention (standard care and RIC). Included were adults with non-traumatic OHCA. The primary outcome was attrition, the proportion of patients enrolled and not on allocated therapy for the study duration. Key secondary outcomes were survival to discharge, neurologic status at discharge, hospital-free survival, and adverse events. Results were summarized descriptively as recommended for pilot studies. RESULTS N = 30 patients were enrolled (n = 14 control, n = 16 intervention). Mean age of enrolled patients was 52.5 ± 16.2 years. Eight (27%) were female gender and 7 (23%) had a shockable first recorded rhythm. 100% of enrolled patients completed their allocated study intervention (i.e., 0% attrition). The RIC group had 7 (44%) survival to discharge and median Rankin score of 6 (IQR 1, 6) at discharge as compared to the standard care group which had 6 (43%) survival to discharge and median Rankin score of 6 (IQR 1.5, 6) at discharge. A single patient (6%) in the intervention group had transient occlusion of their upper extremity intravenous line, which immediately resolved on repositioning of the blood pressure cuff. CONCLUSION Application of RIC to patients resuscitated from CA and transported to an ED is feasible and safe. An adequately powered trial is required to assess whether RIC is effective at decreasing morbidity and mortality after CA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Bartlett
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Sophie C Morse
- University of Washington School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; University of Washington-Harborview Center for Prehospital Emergency Care, Departments of Medicine and Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Dana Morse
- University of Washington-Harborview Center for Prehospital Emergency Care, Departments of Medicine and Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Lucy Goodson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Karen N Adams
- University of Washington-Harborview Center for Prehospital Emergency Care, Departments of Medicine and Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Graham Nichol
- University of Washington-Harborview Center for Prehospital Emergency Care, Departments of Medicine and Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cui Y, Wang XH, Shang ZY, Wang L, Chen HS. Baseline neurologic deficit and efficacy of remote ischemic conditioning after acute ischemic stroke: A post hoc analysis of RICAMIS. Neurotherapeutics 2024; 21:e00294. [PMID: 38241163 PMCID: PMC10903087 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
RICAMIS (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03740971) trial has demonstrated efficacy of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) in acute ischemic stroke, but whether baseline NIHSS score can affect outcomes in stroke remains unclear. We conducted a post hoc analysis of RICAMIS to investigate the issue. Patients included in RICAMIS were divided into three groups based on baseline NIHSS score. The primary outcome was excellent functional outcome at 90 days, defined as mRS score of 0-1. Compared with patients receiving usual care, we investigated association of RIC effect with outcomes in each group and interaction between RIC effect and stroke severity. Among 1776 patients, 1255 were assigned into NIHSS score 6-8 group, 402 into NIHSS score 9-12 group, and 119 into NIHSS score 13-16 group. A higher proportion of primary outcome was found associated with RIC in NIHSS score 9-12 group (adjusted risk difference [RD], 14.6 %; 95 % CI, 5.0 %-24.2 %; P = 0.003), but no significant association was found in NIHSS score 6-8 group (adjusted RD, 2.3 %; 95 % CI, -2.5 %-7.2 %; P = 0.34), or in NIHSS score 13-16 group (adjusted RD, 9.7 %; 95 % CI, -7.5 %-26.9 %; P = 0.27). There was a significant interaction between RIC effect and stroke severity when analysis was performed between NIHSS score 6-8 and 9-12 groups (P = 0.04), but not between NIHSS score 9-12 and 13-16 groups (P = 0.57). Current study firstly reported patients with NIHSS score 9-12 may get more benefit from RIC after stroke with respect to excellent functional outcome at 90 days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cui
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin-Hong Wang
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Zi-Yang Shang
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui-Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cui Y, Yuan ZM, Liu QY, Wang YJ, Chen HS. Remote Ischemic Conditioning and Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke With Versus Without Large Artery Atherosclerosis. Stroke 2023; 54:3165-3168. [PMID: 37850359 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.045040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RICAMIS trial (The Remote Ischemic Conditioning for Acute Moderate Ischemic Stroke) has demonstrated efficacy of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) in acute ischemic stroke. We conducted a post hoc analysis of RICAMIS to investigate whether large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) subtype contributed to the outcomes. METHODS This is a post hoc analysis of the RICAMIS trial. Patients randomized to RIC group and Control group in full analysis set of RICAMIS were classified into LAA and non-LAA subtypes. The primary outcome was excellent functional outcome at 90 days, defined as modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 1. Compared with patients receiving usual care, we investigated the association of RIC effect with outcomes in stroke subtypes and the interaction between RIC effect and stroke subtypes. The primary analysis was adjusted analysis. RESULTS Among 1773 patients, 516 were assigned to LAA subtype (229 in the RIC group and 287 in the control group) and 1257 to non-LAA subtype (633 in the RIC group and 624 in the control group). Median age was 65 years, and 34.2% were women. A higher proportion of primary outcome was found to be associated with RIC treatment in LAA subtype (adjusted risk difference, 11.4% [95% CI, 3.6%-19.2%]; P=0.004), but not in non-LAA subtype (adjusted risk difference, 4.1% [95% CI, -1.1% to 9.3%]; P=0.12). There was no significant interaction between RIC effect and stroke subtypes (P=0.12). CONCLUSIONS Patients with LAA subtype may benefit from RIC after stroke with respect to excellent functional outcome at 90 days. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03740971.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cui
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China (Y.C., Q.-Y.L., Y.-J.W., H.-S.C.)
| | - Zhi-Mei Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Tonghua Vascular Disease Hospital (Dongchang District People's Hospital), Tonghua, China (Z.-M.Y.)
| | - Quan-Ying Liu
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China (Y.C., Q.-Y.L., Y.-J.W., H.-S.C.)
| | - Ying-Jia Wang
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China (Y.C., Q.-Y.L., Y.-J.W., H.-S.C.)
| | - Hui-Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China (Y.C., Q.-Y.L., Y.-J.W., H.-S.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wu YK, Wecht JM, Bloom OE, Panza GS, Harel NY. Remote Ischemic conditioning as an emerging tool to improve corticospinal transmission in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury. Curr Opin Neurol 2023; 36:523-530. [PMID: 37865833 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000001216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) involves transient blood flow restriction to one limb leading to systemic tissue-protective effects. RIC shares some potential underlying mechanisms with intermittent hypoxia (IH), in which brief bouts of systemic hypoxia trigger increases in growth factor expression and neural plasticity. RIC has shown promise in acute myocardial infarction and stroke but may be applicable toward chronic neuropathology as well. Consequently, this review discusses similarities and differences between RIC and IH and presents preliminary and ongoing research findings regarding RIC. RECENT FINDINGS Several publications demonstrated that combining RIC with motor training may enhance motor learning in adults with intact nervous systems, though the precise mechanisms were unclear. Our own preliminary data has found that RIC, in conjunction with task specific exercise, can increase corticospinal excitability in a subset of people without neurological injury and in those with chronic cervical spinal cord injury or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. SUMMARY RIC is a low-cost intervention easy to deliver in a clinical or home setting. Its potential application to facilitate neural plasticity and motor learning during rehabilitation training for individuals with chronic neurological disorders is a novel concept requiring further investigation to characterize mechanisms, safety, and efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kuang Wu
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center
| | - Jill M Wecht
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center
| | - Ona E Bloom
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research
- The Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra Northwell
| | - Gino S Panza
- The Department of Healthcare Science Program of Occupational Therapy, Wayne State University
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, USA
| | - Noam Y Harel
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li Y, Schappell LE, Polizu C, DiPersio J, Tsirka SE, Halterman MW, Nadkarni NA. Evolving Clinical-Translational Investigations of Cerebroprotection in Ischemic Stroke. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6715. [PMID: 37959180 PMCID: PMC10649331 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12216715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a highly morbid disease, with over 50% of large vessel stroke (middle cerebral artery or internal carotid artery terminus occlusion) patients suffering disability despite maximal acute reperfusion therapy with thrombolysis and thrombectomy. The discovery of the ischemic penumbra in the 1980s laid the foundation for a salvageable territory in ischemic stroke. Since then, the concept of neuroprotection has been a focus of post-stroke care to (1) minimize the conversion from penumbra to core irreversible infarct, (2) limit secondary damage from ischemia-reperfusion injury, inflammation, and excitotoxicity and (3) to encourage tissue repair. However, despite multiple studies, the preclinical-clinical research enterprise has not yet created an agent that mitigates post-stroke outcomes beyond thrombolysis and mechanical clot retrieval. These translational gaps have not deterred the scientific community as agents are under continuous investigation. The NIH has recently promoted the concept of cerebroprotection to consider the whole brain post-stroke rather than just the neurons. This review will briefly outline the translational science of past, current, and emerging breakthroughs in cerebroprotection and use of these foundational ideas to develop a novel paradigm for optimizing stroke outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Li
- Department of Neurology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA; (Y.L.); (L.E.S.); (C.P.); (J.D.); (M.W.H.)
| | - Laurel E. Schappell
- Department of Neurology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA; (Y.L.); (L.E.S.); (C.P.); (J.D.); (M.W.H.)
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA;
| | - Claire Polizu
- Department of Neurology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA; (Y.L.); (L.E.S.); (C.P.); (J.D.); (M.W.H.)
| | - James DiPersio
- Department of Neurology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA; (Y.L.); (L.E.S.); (C.P.); (J.D.); (M.W.H.)
| | - Stella E. Tsirka
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA;
| | - Marc W. Halterman
- Department of Neurology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA; (Y.L.); (L.E.S.); (C.P.); (J.D.); (M.W.H.)
| | - Neil A. Nadkarni
- Department of Neurology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA; (Y.L.); (L.E.S.); (C.P.); (J.D.); (M.W.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Blauenfeldt RA, Hjort N, Valentin JB, Homburg AM, Modrau B, Sandal BF, Gude MF, Hougaard KD, Damgaard D, Poulsen M, Diedrichsen T, Schmitz ML, von Weitzel-Mudersbach P, Christensen AA, Figlewski K, Grove EL, Hreiðarsdóttir MK, Lassesen HM, Wittrock D, Mikkelsen S, Væggemose U, Juelsgaard P, Kirkegaard H, Rostgaard-Knudsen M, Degn N, Vestergaard SB, Damsbo AG, Iversen AB, Mortensen JK, Petersson J, Christensen T, Behrndtz AB, Bøtker HE, Gaist D, Fisher M, Hess DC, Johnsen SP, Simonsen CZ, Andersen G. Remote Ischemic Conditioning for Acute Stroke: The RESIST Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2023; 330:1236-1246. [PMID: 37787796 PMCID: PMC10548297 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.16893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Importance Despite some promising preclinical and clinical data, it remains uncertain whether remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) with transient cycles of limb ischemia and reperfusion is an effective treatment for acute stroke. Objective To evaluate the effect of RIC when initiated in the prehospital setting and continued in the hospital on functional outcome in patients with acute stroke. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a randomized clinical trial conducted at 4 stroke centers in Denmark that included 1500 patients with prehospital stroke symptoms for less than 4 hours (enrolled March 16, 2018, to November 11, 2022; final follow-up, February 3, 2023). Intervention The intervention was delivered using an inflatable cuff on 1 upper extremity (RIC cuff pressure, ≤200 mm Hg [n = 749] and sham cuff pressure, 20 mm Hg [n = 751]). Each treatment application consisted of 5 cycles of 5 minutes of cuff inflation followed by 5 minutes of cuff deflation. Treatment was started in the ambulance and repeated at least once in the hospital and then twice daily for 7 days among a subset of participants. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary end point was improvement in functional outcome measured as a shift across the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score (range, 0 [no symptoms] to 6 [death]) at 90 days in the target population with a final diagnosis of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Results Among 1500 patients who were randomized (median age, 71 years; 591 women [41%]), 1433 (96%) completed the trial. Of these, 149 patients (10%) were diagnosed with transient ischemic attack and 382 (27%) with a stroke mimic. In the remaining 902 patients with a target diagnosis of stroke (737 [82%] with ischemic stroke and 165 [18%] with intracerebral hemorrhage), 436 underwent RIC and 466 sham treatment. The median mRS score at 90 days was 2 (IQR, 1-3) in the RIC group and 1 (IQR, 1-3) in the sham group. RIC treatment was not significantly associated with improved functional outcome at 90 days (odds ratio [OR], 0.95; 95% CI, 0.75 to 1.20, P = .67; absolute difference in median mRS score, -1; -1.7 to -0.25). In all randomized patients, there were no significant differences in the number of serious adverse events: 169 patients (23.7%) in the RIC group with 1 or more serious adverse events vs 175 patients (24.3%) in the sham group (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.11; P = .68). Upper extremity pain during treatment and/or skin petechia occurred in 54 (7.2%) in the RIC group and 11 (1.5%) in the sham group. Conclusions and Relevance RIC initiated in the prehospital setting and continued in the hospital did not significantly improve functional outcome at 90 days in patients with acute stroke. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03481777.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Ankerlund Blauenfeldt
- Danish Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Hjort
- Danish Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan Brink Valentin
- Danish Center for Health Services Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anne-Mette Homburg
- Research Unit for Neurology, Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Boris Modrau
- Department of Neurology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Martin Faurholdt Gude
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Research and Development, Prehospital Emergency Medical Services, Central Denmark Region, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Dorte Damgaard
- Danish Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marika Poulsen
- Danish Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tove Diedrichsen
- Danish Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marie Louise Schmitz
- Danish Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Paul von Weitzel-Mudersbach
- Danish Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Regional Hospital Gødstrup, Gødstrup, Denmark
| | - Alex Alban Christensen
- Research Unit for Neurology, Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Erik Lerkevang Grove
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Daniel Wittrock
- Prehospital Research Unit, the Region of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Søren Mikkelsen
- Prehospital Research Unit, the Region of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ulla Væggemose
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Research and Development, Prehospital Emergency Medical Services, Central Denmark Region, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Palle Juelsgaard
- Department of Research and Development, Prehospital Emergency Medical Services, Central Denmark Region, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hans Kirkegaard
- Department of Research and Development, Prehospital Emergency Medical Services, Central Denmark Region, Aarhus, Denmark
- Research Center for Emergency Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Niels Degn
- Department of Neurology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Sigrid Breinholt Vestergaard
- Danish Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andreas Gammelgaard Damsbo
- Danish Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ane Bull Iversen
- Danish Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Janne Kærgård Mortensen
- Danish Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jesper Petersson
- Department of Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Health Care Management, Region Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Thomas Christensen
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Brink Behrndtz
- Danish Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David Gaist
- Research Unit for Neurology, Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marc Fisher
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Charles Hess
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta
| | - Søren Paaske Johnsen
- Danish Center for Health Services Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Claus Ziegler Simonsen
- Danish Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Grethe Andersen
- Danish Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li JH, Jia JJ, He N, Zhou XL, Qiao YB, Xie HY, Zhou L, Zheng SS. Exosome is involved in liver graft protection after remote ischemia reperfusion conditioning. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2023; 22:498-503. [PMID: 35534341 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remote ischemic perconditioning (RIPerC) has been demonstrated to protect grafts from hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). This study investigated the role of exosomes in RIPerC of liver grafts in rats. METHODS Twenty-five rats (including 10 donors) were randomly divided into five groups (n = 5 each group): five rats were used as sham-operated controls (Sham), ten rats were for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT, 5 donors and 5 recipients) and ten rats were for OLT + RIPerC (5 donors and 5 recipients). Liver architecture and function were evaluated. RESULTS Compared to the OLT group, the OLT + RIPerC group exhibited significantly improved liver graft histopathology and liver function (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the number of exosomes and the level of P-Akt were increased in the OLT + RIPerC group. CONCLUSIONS RIPerC effectively improves graft architecture and function, and this protective effect may be related to the increased number of exosomes. The upregulation of P-Akt may be involved in underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hui Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Liver Transplantation, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Zhejiang Shuren University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310022, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Jun-Jun Jia
- Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ning He
- Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xue-Lian Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Yin-Biao Qiao
- Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hai-Yang Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Shu-Sen Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Liver Transplantation, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Zhejiang Shuren University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310022, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310022, China; Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cui Y, Chen YN, Nguyen TN, Chen HS. Time from Onset to Remote Ischemic Conditioning and Clinical Outcome After Acute Moderate Ischemic Stroke. Ann Neurol 2023; 94:561-571. [PMID: 37253659 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We conducted a post hoc exploratory analysis of Remote Ischemic Conditioning for Acute Moderate Ischemic Stroke (RICAMIS) to determine whether early remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) initiation after stroke onset was associated with clinical outcome in patients with acute moderate ischemic stroke. METHODS In RICAMIS, patients receiving RIC treatment in the intention-to-treat analysis were divided into 2 groups based on onset-to-treatment time (OTT): early RIC group (OTT ≤ 24 hours) and late RIC group (OTT 24-48 hours). Patients receiving usual care without RIC treatment from intention-to-treat analysis were assigned as the control group. The primary outcome was excellent functional outcome at 90 days. RESULTS Among 1,776 patients from intention-to-treat analysis, 387 were in the early RIC group, 476 in the late RIC group, and 913 in the control group. In the post hoc exploratory analysis, a higher proportion of excellent functional outcome was found in the early RIC versus control group (adjusted absolute difference = 8.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.5%-13.8%, p = 0.005), but no difference in outcomes was detected in the late RIC versus control group (adjusted absolute difference = 3.3%, 95% CI = -2.1% to 8.6%, p = 0.23), or in the early RIC versus late RIC group (adjusted absolute difference = 5.0%, 95% CI = -1.3% to 11.2%, p = 0.12). Similar results were found in the per-protocol analysis. INTERPRETATION Among patients with acute moderate ischemic stroke who are not candidates for intravenous thrombolysis or endovascular therapy, early RIC initiation within 24 hours of onset may be associated with higher likelihood of excellent clinical outcome. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:561-571.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cui
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi-Ning Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Thanh N Nguyen
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hui-Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liang H, Ye R, Zhang X, Ye H, Ouyang W, Cai S, Wei L. Autonomic function may mediate the neuroprotection of remote ischemic postconditioning in stroke: A randomized controlled trial. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 32:107198. [PMID: 37329785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of remote ischemic postconditioning (RIPostC) on the prognosis of acute ischemic stroke(AIS) patients and investigate the mediating role of autonomic function in the neuroprotection of RIPostC. MATERIALS AND METHODS 132 AIS patients were randomized into two groups. Patients received four cycles of 5-min inflation to a pressure of 200 mmHg(i.e., RIPostC) or patients' diastolic BP(i.e., shame), followed by 5 min of deflation on healthy upper limbs once a day for 30 days. The main outcome was neurological outcome including the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and Barthel index(BI). The second outcome measure was autonomic function measured by heart rate variability(HRV). RESULTS Compared with the baseline, the post-intervention NIHSS score was significantly reduced in both groups (P<0.001). NIHSS score was significantly lower in the control group than intervention group at day 7.[RIPostC:3(1,5) versus shame:2(1,4); P=0.030]. mRS scored lower in the intervention group compared with the control group at day 90 follow-up(RIPostC:0.5±2.0 versus shame:1.0±2.0;P=0.016). The goodness-of-fit test revealed a significant difference between the generalized estimating equation model of mRS and BI scores of uncontrolled-HRV and controlled-HRV(P<0.05, both). The results of bootstrap revealed a complete mediation effect of HRV between group on mRS[indirect effect: -0.267 (LLCI = -0.549, ULCI = -0.048), the direct effect: -0.443 (LLCI = -0.831, ULCI = 0.118)]. CONCLUSION This is the first human-based study providing evidence for a mediation role of autonomic function between RIpostC and prognosis in AIS patients. It indicated that RIPostC could improve the neurological outcome of AIS patients. Autonomic function may play a mediating role in this association. TRIAL REGISTRATION The clinical trials registration number for this study is NCT02777099 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Richun Ye
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaopei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huanwen Ye
- Department of Cardiac Function, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenwei Ouyang
- Key Unit of Methodology in Clinical Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuang Cai
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zeng Q, Huang P, Wang Z, Wei L, Lin K. Remote ischemic conditioning in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction: A case control study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18181. [PMID: 37496897 PMCID: PMC10367274 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This paired case-control study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) in patients with acute cerebral infarction (CI) and explore potential serological markers of RIC. Methods Patients with acute CI (<72 h) were matched 1:1 according to age, sex, and CI conditions and were divided into the RIC group and the control group. The RIC group received RIC intervention for 7 days on top of routine treatment, while the control group received a sham RIC. The curative effects and adverse reactions were observed. Result A total of 66 patients (mean age 60.00 ± 11.37 years; mean time of acute CI onset 32.91 ± 17.94 h) completed the study. The National Institute of Health stroke scale score on day 7, modified Rankin Scale scores on day 7 and day 90 were significantly lower than the baseline in the RIC group (P < 0.001, P = 0.003, P = 0.004, respectively) but not in the control group (P = 0.056, P = 0.169, P = 0.058, respectively). RIC was well-tolerated, and no adverse events were reported. Both plasma hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor increased in the RIC group from day 0 to day 7, while they decreased in the control group. The changes in plasma HIF-1α in the RIC group were statistically different from those in the control group (P = 0.006). Conclusion Early and short-term RIC treatment was well-tolerated and effective in improving the prognosis in acute CI. HIF-1α can be recognized as a biomarker for evaluating the efficacy of RIC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515041, China
| | - Peiqi Huang
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515041, China
| | - Ziteng Wang
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515041, China
| | - Liling Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515041, China
| | - Kun Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515041, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kan X, Yan Z, Wang F, Tao X, Xue T, Chen Z, Wang Z, Chen G. Efficacy and safety of remote ischemic conditioning for acute ischemic stroke: A comprehensive meta-analysis from randomized controlled trials. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023. [PMID: 37183341 PMCID: PMC10401132 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is a remote, transient, and noninvasive procedure providing temporary ischemia and reperfusion. However, there is no comprehensive literature investigating the efficacy and safety of RIC for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. In the present study, we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of the available studies. METHODS MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library database (CENTRAL), and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched before Sep 7, 2022. The data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.4.1 software, Stata version 16.0 software, and R 4.2.0 software. Odds ratio (OR), mean difference (MD), and corresponding 95% CIs were pooled using fixed-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS We pooled 6392 patients from 17 randomized controlled trials. Chronic RIC could reduce the recurrence of ischemic stroke at the endpoints (OR 0.67, 95% CI [0.51, 0.87]). RIC could also improve the prognosis of patients at 90 days as assessed by mRS score (mRS 0-1: OR 1.29, 95% CI [1.09, 1.52]; mRS 0-2: OR 1.22, 95% CI [1.01, 1.48]) and at the endpoints assessed by NIHSS score (MD -0.99, 95% CI [-1.45, -0.53]). RIC would not cause additional adverse events such as death (p = 0.72), intracerebral hemorrhage events (p = 0.69), pneumonia (p = 0.75), and TIA (p = 0.24) but would inevitably cause RIC-related adverse events (OR 26.79, 95% CI [12.08, 59.38]). CONCLUSIONS RIC could reduce the stroke recurrence and improve patients' prognosis. Intervention on bilateral upper limbs, 5 cycles, and a length of 50 min in each intervention might be an optimal protocol for RIC at present. RIC could be an effective therapy for patients not eligible for reperfusion therapy. RIC would not cause other adverse events except for relatively benign RIC-related adverse events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuji Kan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zeya Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tao Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhouqing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu S, Cao W, Wu L, Wen A, Zhou Y, Xiang Z, Rao W, Yao D. Endovascular treatment over 24 hours after ischemic stroke onset: a single-center retrospective study. Neuroradiology 2023; 65:793-804. [PMID: 36550266 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-022-03105-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke caused by large-vessel obstruction or stenosis (AIS-LVO/S) over 24 h after first AIS symptom recognition (FAISSR). METHODS A total of 33 AIS-LVO/S cases with EVT over 24 h after FAISSR during the period from January 2019 to February 2022 in our hospital were divided into the 90d mRS ≤ 2 group [favorable outcome (FO) group] and 90d mRS > 2 group [unfavorable outcome (UFO) group] and retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS The reperfusion was successfully established with EVT in 97% (32/33) of cases, and most (63.6%, 21/33) had 90d mRS ≤ 2 and only 36.4% (12/33) had 90d mRS > 2. Preoperative DWI-ASPECT and ASITN/SIR scores were significantly higher and NIHSS scores were significantly lower in the FO group than those in the UFO group (P < 0.05). In addition, the FAISSR to exacerbation time, FAISSR to groin puncture time, and FAISSR to reperfusion time were significantly longer, and the groin puncture to reperfusion time was significantly shorter in the FO group than those in the UFO group (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the stroke exacerbation to groin puncture time (P > 0.05). The patients with cerebral infarction due to artery dissection had more favorable EVT outcomes, but the patients with posterior cerebral circulation infarction had very poor EVT outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The FAISSR to groin puncture time over 24 h may not be a taboo for EVT and it may be safe and effective for AIS-LVO/S in anterior cerebral circulation, especially with lower preoperative NIHSS scores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Liu
- Neurological Institute of Jiangxi Province and Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, 92 Aiguo Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Cao
- Neurological Institute of Jiangxi Province and Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, 92 Aiguo Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingfeng Wu
- Neurological Institute of Jiangxi Province and Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, 92 Aiguo Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - An Wen
- Neurological Institute of Jiangxi Province and Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, 92 Aiguo Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongliang Zhou
- Neurological Institute of Jiangxi Province and Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, 92 Aiguo Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengbing Xiang
- Neurological Institute of Jiangxi Province and Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, 92 Aiguo Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Rao
- Neurological Institute of Jiangxi Province and Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, 92 Aiguo Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyuan Yao
- Neurological Institute of Jiangxi Province and Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, 92 Aiguo Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Landman TRJ, Schoon Y, Warlé MC, Meijer FJA, Leeuw FED, Thijssen DHJ. The effect of repeated remote ischemic postconditioning after an ischemic stroke (REPOST): A randomized controlled trial. Int J Stroke 2023; 18:296-303. [PMID: 35593677 PMCID: PMC9941800 DOI: 10.1177/17474930221104710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS A potential strategy to treat ischemic stroke may be the application of repeated remote ischemic postconditioning (rIPostC). This consists of several cycles of brief periods of limb ischemia followed by reperfusion, which can be applied by inflating a simple blood pressure cuff and subsequently could result in neuroprotection after stroke. METHODS Adult patients admitted with an ischemic stroke in the past 24 h were randomized 1:1 to repeated rIPostC or sham-conditioning. Repeated rIPostC was performed by inflating a blood pressure cuff around the upper arm (4 × 5 min at 200 mm Hg), which was repeated twice daily during hospitalization with a maximum of 4 days. Primary outcome was infarct size after 4 days or at discharge. Secondary outcomes included the modified Rankin Scale (mRS)-score after 12 weeks and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at discharge. RESULTS The trial was preliminarily stopped after we included 88 of the scheduled 180 patients (average age: 70 years, 68% male) into rIPostC (n = 40) and sham-conditioning (n = 48). Median infarct volume was 2.19 mL in rIPostC group and 5.90 mL in sham-conditioning, which was not significantly different between the two groups (median difference: 3.71; 95% CI: -0.56 to 6.09; p = 0.31). We found no significant shift in the mRS score distribution between groups. The adjusted common odds ratio was 2.09 (95% CI: 0.88-5.00). We found no significant difference in the NIHSS score between groups (median difference: 1.00; 95% CI: -0.99 to 1.40; p = 0.51). CONCLUSION This study found no significant improvement in infarct size or clinical outcome in patients with an acute ischemic stroke who were treated with repeated remote ischemic postconditioning. However, due to a lower-than-expected inclusion rate, no definitive conclusions about the effectiveness of rIPostC can be drawn.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thijs RJ Landman
- Department of Physiology, Radboud
Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The
Netherlands,Thijs RJ Landman, Department of Physiology,
Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert
Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands.
| | - Yvonne Schoon
- Department of Geriatric Medicine,
Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen,
The Netherlands
| | - Michiel C Warlé
- Department of Surgery, Radboud
University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frederick JA Meijer
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud
University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank-Erik De Leeuw
- Donders Center for Medical
Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen,
The Netherlands
| | - Dick HJ Thijssen
- Department of Physiology, Radboud
Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The
Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cipolla MJ. Therapeutic Induction of Collateral Flow. Transl Stroke Res 2023; 14:53-65. [PMID: 35416577 PMCID: PMC10155807 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic induction of collateral flow as a means to salvage tissue and improve outcome from acute ischemic stroke is a promising approach in the era in which endovascular therapy is no longer time-dependent but collateral-dependent. The importance of collateral flow enhancement as a therapeutic for acute ischemic stroke extends beyond those patients with large amounts of salvageable tissue. It also has the potential to extend the time window for reperfusion therapies in patients who are ineligible for endovascular thrombectomy. In addition, collateral enhancement may be an important adjuvant to neuroprotective agents by providing a more robust vascular route for which treatments can gain access to at risk tissue. However, our understanding of collateral hemodynamics, including under comorbid conditions that are highly prevalent in the stroke population, has hindered the efficacy of collateral flow augmentation for improving stroke outcome in the clinical setting. This review will discuss our current understanding of pial collateral function and hemodynamics, including vasoactivity that is critical for enhancing penumbral perfusion. In addition, mechanisms by which collateral flow can be increased during acute ischemic stroke to limit ischemic injury, that may be different depending on the state of the brain and vasculature prior to stroke, will also be reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn J Cipolla
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont Robert Larner College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Ave, HSRF 416A, Burlington, VT, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Song S, Wu H, Liu Y, Lan D, Jiao B, Wan S, Guo Y, Zhou D, Ding Y, Ji X, Meng R. Remote ischemic conditioning-induced hyperacute and acute responses of plasma proteome in healthy young male adults: a quantitative proteomic analysis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:150-158. [PMID: 36848171 PMCID: PMC10106146 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) has been proven to be beneficial in multiple diseases, such as cerebral and cardiovascular diseases. However, the hyperacute and acute effects of a single RIC stimulus are still not clear. Quantitative proteomic analyses of plasma proteins following RIC application have been conducted in preclinical and clinical studies but exhibit high heterogeneity in results due to wide variations in experimental setups and sampling procedures. Hence, this study aimed to explore the immediate effects of RIC on plasma proteome in healthy young adults to exclude confounding factors of disease entity, such as medications and gender. METHODS Young healthy male participants were enrolled after a systematic physical examination and 6-month lifestyle observation. Individual RIC sessions included five cycles of alternative ischemia and reperfusion, each lasting for 5 min in bilateral forearms. Blood samples were collected at baseline, 5 min after RIC, and 2 h after RIC, and then samples were processed for proteomic analysis using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. RESULTS Proteins related to lipid metabolism (e.g., Apolipoprotein F), coagulation factors (hepatocyte growth factor activator preproprotein), members of complement cascades (mannan-binding lectin serine protease 1 isoform 2 precursor), and inflammatory responses (carboxypeptidase N catalytic chain precursor) were differentially altered at their serum levels following the RIC intervention. The most enriched pathways were protein glycosylation and complement/coagulation cascades. CONCLUSIONS One-time RIC stimulus may induce instant cellular responses like anti-inflammation, coagulation, and fibrinolysis balancing, and lipid metabolism regulation which are protective in different perspectives. Protective effects of single RIC in hyperacute and acute phases may be exploited in clinical emergency settings due to apparently beneficial alterations in plasma proteome profile. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of long-term (repeated) RIC interventions in preventing chronic cardiovascular diseases among general populations can also be expected based on our study findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siying Song
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, China
- Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yunhuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Duo Lan
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, China
- Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Baolian Jiao
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, China
- Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Shuling Wan
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, China
- Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yibing Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, China
- Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Da Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, China
- Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, China
- Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Xunming Ji
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, China
- Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ran Meng
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, China
- Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
He Q, Ma Y, Fang C, Deng Z, Wang F, Qu Y, Yin M, Zhao R, Zhang D, Guo F, Yang Y, Chang J, Guo ZN. Remote ischemic conditioning attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption after recombinant tissue plasminogen activator treatment via reducing PDGF-CC. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106641. [PMID: 36587812 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of acute ischemic stroke with the recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is associated with increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and hemorrhagic transformation. Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) has demonstrated neuroprotective effects against acute ischemic stroke. However, whether and how RIC regulates rtPA-associated BBB disruption remains unclear. Here, a rodent model of thromboembolic stroke followed by rtPA thrombolysis at different time points was performed with or without RIC. Brain infarction, neurological outcomes, BBB permeability, and intracerebral hemorrhage were assessed. The platelet-derived growth factor CC (PDGF-CC)/PDGFRα pathway in the brain tissue, PDGF-CC levels in the skeletal muscle and peripheral blood were also measured. Furthermore, impact of RIC on serum PDGF-CC levels were measured in healthy subjects and AIS patients. Our results showed that RIC substantially reduced BBB injury, intracerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, and neurological deficits after stroke, even when rtPA was administrated in a delayed therapeutic time window. Mechanistically, RIC significantly decreased PDGFRα activation in ischemic brain tissue and reduced blood PDGF-CC levels, which partially resulted from PDGF-CC reduction in the skeletal muscle of RIC-applied hindlimbs and platelets. Intravenous or intraventricular recombinant PDGF-CC supplementation abolished RIC protective effects on BBB integrity. Moreover, similar changes of PDGF-CC in serum by RIC were also observed in healthy humans and acute ischemic stroke patients. Together, our study demonstrates that RIC can attenuate rtPA-aggravated BBB disruption after ischemic stroke via reducing the PDGF-CC/PDGFRα pathway and thus supports RIC as a potential approach for BBB disruption prevention or treatment following thrombolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianyan He
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinzhong Ma
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng Fang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Zijun Deng
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yang Qu
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Meifang Yin
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruoyu Zhao
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Dianhui Zhang
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Fuyou Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China.
| | - Junlei Chang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yu W, Ren C, Ji X. A review of remote ischemic conditioning as a potential strategy for neural repair poststroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 29:516-524. [PMID: 36550592 PMCID: PMC9873528 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the major disabling health-care problem and multiple different approaches are needed to enhance rehabilitation, in which neural repair is the structural basement. Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is a strategy to trigger endogenous protect. RIC has been reported to play neuroprotective role in acute stage of stroke, but the effect of RIC on repair process remaining unclear. Several studies have discovered some overlapped mechanisms RIC and neural repair performs. This review provides a hypothesis that RIC is a potential therapeutic strategy on stroke rehabilitation by evaluating the existing evidence and puts forward some remaining questions to clarify and future researches to be performed in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wantong Yu
- Department of Neurology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational MedicineXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Changhong Ren
- Department of Neurology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational MedicineXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain DisorderCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xunming Ji
- Department of Neurology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational MedicineXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain DisorderCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
The BE COOL Treatments (Batroxobin, oxygEn, Conditioning, and cOOLing): Emerging Adjunct Therapies for Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11206193. [PMID: 36294518 PMCID: PMC9605177 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11206193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICD), the most common neurological disease worldwide, can be classified based on the onset time (acute/chronic) and the type of cerebral blood vessel involved (artery or venous sinus). Classifications include acute ischemic stroke (AIS)/transient ischemic attack (TIA), chronic cerebral circulation insufficiency (CCCI), acute cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), and chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI). The pathogenesis of cerebral arterial ischemia may be correlated with cerebral venous ischemia through decreased cerebral perfusion. The core treatment goals for both arterial and venous ICDs include perfusion recovery, reduction of cerebral ischemic injury, and preservation of the neuronal integrity of the involved region as soon as possible; however, therapy based on the current guidelines for either acute ischemic events or chronic cerebral ischemia is not ideal because the recurrence rate of AIS or CVST is still very high. Therefore, this review discusses the neuroprotective effects of four novel potential ICD treatments with high translation rates, known as the BE COOL treatments (Batroxobin, oxygEn, Conditioning, and cOOLing), and subsequently analyzes how BE COOL treatments are used in clinical settings. The combination of batroxobin, oxygen, conditioning, and cooling may be a promising intervention for preserving ischemic tissues.
Collapse
|
31
|
Amorim S, Felício AC, Aagaard P, Suetta C, Blauenfeldt RA, Andersen G. Effects of remote ischemic conditioning on cognitive performance: A systematic review. Physiol Behav 2022; 254:113893. [PMID: 35780946 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The aging process leads to subtle decline in cognitive function, and in some overt dementia. Like physical activity Remote Ischemic Conditioning (RIC) may ameliorate these changes on cognitive impairment in humans. The purpose of this study was to compared the effects of single, repeated short-term and long-term treatment RIC, and analyze its effect registered as immediate vs. long-term on cognitive performance in humans. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and was registered with PROSPERO, number (CRD42021285668). A systematic review was conducted to identify relevant studies through six healthcare science databases (Cochrane, PubMed, EMBASE, EBSCO, Scopus, and Web of Science) up to December 2021. Eligibility criteria included (1) a study sample of participants aged ≥18 years, (2) post-intervention changes on cognitive performance in humans, and (3) this systematic review included only randomized controlled trials of RIC in humans. The quality of the included studies was assessed by GRADEpro tool. A total of 118 articles were initially identified, 35 of which met the inclusion criteria. Based on title/abstract, age and RIC protocol, 14 articles were included in this review: 5 studies investigated the immediate and long-term effect of a single RIC (n = 370 patients), 4 studies examined intermittent short-term RIC (n = 174 patients) and 5 studies evaluated repeated long-term RIC (n = 228 patients). A single pre-operative RIC treatment had an immediate effect that disappeared at one week. Short-term RIC showed either a positive or no effects on cognitive function. The majority of studies examining long-term RIC treatment showed improvements in cognitive performance, particularly in very old adults and older patients with cognitive impairments. Single RIC treatment did not show any persisting effect on cognition. However, repeated short term RIC showed some improvement and long-term RIC may improve cognitive performance after stroke or enhance neuropsychological tests in patients diagnosed with vascular dementia. The mixed results might be explained by different RIC treatment protocols and populations investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Amorim
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Per Aagaard
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark
| | - Charlotte Suetta
- Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen University - Department of Geriatrics
| | - Rolf Ankerlund Blauenfeldt
- Danish Stroke Center, Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Grethe Andersen
- Danish Stroke Center, Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lu M, Wang Y, Yin X, Li Y, Li H. Cerebral protection by remote ischemic post-conditioning in patients with ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Neurol 2022; 13:905400. [PMID: 36212669 PMCID: PMC9532592 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.905400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is evidence that remote limb ischemic postconditioning (RIPostC) can reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and improve the prognosis of patients with ischemic stroke. However, so far, only few relevant clinical studies have been conducted. Therefore, we carried out a meta-analysis of eligible randomized controlled trials to compare the RIPostC group with a control group (no intervention or sham surgery) in patients with ischemic stroke. Methods Four English-language publication databases, PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science, were systematically searched up to March 2022. The data were analyzed using Review Manager fixed-effects and random-effects models. Results A total of 12 studies were included, and 11 of those were analyzed quantitatively. Compared to controls, The RIPostC group showed significantly reduced NIHHS scores in patients with ischemic stroke, (MD: −1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.60, −0.57, P < 0.0001) and improved patients' Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores, (MD: 1.89, 95% CI: 0.78, 3.00, P = 0.0009), Our results showed that RIPostC is safe, (RR = 0.81, 95%CI: 0.61, 1.08, P = 0.15). Conclusion Our meta-analysis showed that RIPostC is safe and effective and has a positive cerebral protective effect in patients with ischemic stroke, which is safe and effective, and future large-sample, multicenter trials are needed to validate the cerebral protective effect of RIPostC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lu
- Department of Nursing, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yujiao Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Yin
- Department of Nursing, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Nursing, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Nursing, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Hongyan Li
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Understanding Acquired Brain Injury: A Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092167. [PMID: 36140268 PMCID: PMC9496189 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Any type of brain injury that transpires post-birth is referred to as Acquired Brain Injury (ABI). In general, ABI does not result from congenital disorders, degenerative diseases, or by brain trauma at birth. Although the human brain is protected from the external world by layers of tissues and bone, floating in nutrient-rich cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); it remains susceptible to harm and impairment. Brain damage resulting from ABI leads to changes in the normal neuronal tissue activity and/or structure in one or multiple areas of the brain, which can often affect normal brain functions. Impairment sustained from an ABI can last anywhere from days to a lifetime depending on the severity of the injury; however, many patients face trouble integrating themselves back into the community due to possible psychological and physiological outcomes. In this review, we discuss ABI pathologies, their types, and cellular mechanisms and summarize the therapeutic approaches for a better understanding of the subject and to create awareness among the public.
Collapse
|
34
|
Chen HS, Cui Y, Li XQ, Wang XH, Ma YT, Zhao Y, Han J, Deng CQ, Hong M, Bao Y, Zhao LH, Yan TG, Zou RL, Wang H, Li Z, Wan LS, Zhang L, Wang LQ, Guo LY, Li MN, Wang DQ, Zhang Q, Chang DW, Zhang HL, Sun J, Meng C, Zhang ZH, Shen LY, Ma L, Wang GC, Li RH, Zhang L, Bi C, Wang LY, Wang DL. Effect of Remote Ischemic Conditioning vs Usual Care on Neurologic Function in Patients With Acute Moderate Ischemic Stroke: The RICAMIS Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2022; 328:627-636. [PMID: 35972485 PMCID: PMC9382441 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Preclinical and clinical studies have suggested a neuroprotective effect of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC), which involves repeated occlusion/release cycles on bilateral upper limb arteries; however, robust evidence in patients with ischemic stroke is lacking. OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of RIC for acute moderate ischemic stroke. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This multicenter, open-label, blinded-end point, randomized clinical trial including 1893 patients with acute moderate ischemic stroke was conducted at 55 hospitals in China from December 26, 2018, through January 19, 2021, and the date of final follow-up was April 19, 2021. INTERVENTIONS Eligible patients were randomly assigned within 48 hours after symptom onset to receive treatment with RIC (using a pneumatic electronic device and consisting of 5 cycles of cuff inflation for 5 minutes and deflation for 5 minutes to the bilateral upper limbs to 200 mm Hg) for 10 to 14 days as an adjunct to guideline-based treatment (n = 922) or guideline-based treatment alone (n = 971). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary end point was excellent functional outcome at 90 days, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 1. All end points had blinded assessment and were analyzed on a full analysis set. RESULTS Among 1893 eligible patients with acute moderate ischemic stroke who were randomized (mean [SD] age, 65 [10.3] years; 606 women [34.1%]), 1776 (93.8%) completed the trial. The number with excellent functional outcome at 90 days was 582 (67.4%) in the RIC group and 566 (62.0%) in the control group (risk difference, 5.4% [95% CI, 1.0%-9.9%]; odds ratio, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.05-1.54]; P = .02). The proportion of patients with any adverse events was 6.8% (59/863) in the RIC group and 5.6% (51/913) in the control group. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among adults with acute moderate ischemic stroke, treatment with remote ischemic conditioning compared with usual care significantly increased the likelihood of excellent neurologic function at 90 days. However, these findings require replication in another trial before concluding efficacy for this intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03740971.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Li
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin-Hong Wang
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Tong Ma
- Department of Neurology, Beipiao Central Hospital, Beipiao, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Haicheng Chinese Medicine Hospital, Haicheng, China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Neurology, Panjin Central Hospital, Panjin, China
| | - Chang-Qing Deng
- Department of Neurology, Dandong Central Hospital, Dandong, China
| | - Mei Hong
- Department of Neurology, China Railway 19th Bureau Group Central Hospital, Liaoyang, China
| | - Ying Bao
- Department of Neurology, Fuxin Second People’s Hospital, Fuxin, China
| | - Li-Hong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Dandong People’s Hospital, Dandong, China
| | - Ting-Guang Yan
- Department of Neurology, Chaoyang Central Hospital, Chaoyang, China
| | - Ren-Lin Zou
- Department of Neurology, Wafangdian Third Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army 230 Hospital, Dandong, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Neurology, Panjin Central Hospital, Panjin, China
| | - Li-Shu Wan
- Department of Neurology, Dandong First Hospital, Dandong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Suizhong County Hospital, Huludao, China
| | - Lian-Qiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Liaoyang County Stroke Hospital, Liaoyang, China
| | - Li-Yan Guo
- Department of Neurology, Fushun Second Hospital, Fushun, China
| | - Ming-Nan Li
- Department of Neurology, Huanren Manchu Autonomous County People’s Hospital, Benxi, China
| | - Dong-Qing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Panjin People’s Hospital, Panjin, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Fushun Central Hospital, Fushun, China
| | - Da-Wei Chang
- Department of Neurology, Sujiatun Stroke Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong-Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Taian County Chinese Medicine Hospital, Anshan, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Neurology, Anshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Anshan, China
| | - Chong Meng
- Department of Neurology, Liaoyang County Central Hospital, Liaoyang, China
| | - Zai-Hui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiuyan County Central Hospital, Anshan, China
| | - Li-Ying Shen
- Department of Neurology, Tieling County Central Hospital, Tieling, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Gui-Chun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Changtu County Central Hospital, Tieling, China
| | - Run-Hui Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Dengta Central Hospital, Dengta, China
| | - Cheng Bi
- Department of Neurology, Dandong Central Hospital, Dandong, China
| | - Li-Yun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Liaoyang Petrochemical General Hospital, Liaoyang, China
| | - Duo-Lao Wang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bell RM, Basalay M, Bøtker HE, Beikoghli Kalkhoran S, Carr RD, Cunningham J, Davidson SM, England TJ, Giesz S, Ghosh AK, Golforoush P, Gourine AV, Hausenloy DJ, Heusch G, Ibanez B, Kleinbongard P, Lecour S, Lukhna K, Ntsekhe M, Ovize M, Salama AD, Vilahur G, Walker JM, Yellon DM. Remote ischaemic conditioning: defining critical criteria for success-report from the 11th Hatter Cardiovascular Workshop. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:39. [PMID: 35970954 PMCID: PMC9377667 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00947-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute biennial workshop, originally scheduled for April 2020 but postponed for 2 years due to the Covid pandemic, was organised to debate and discuss the future of Remote Ischaemic Conditioning (RIC). This evolved from the large multicentre CONDI-2-ERIC-PPCI outcome study which demonstrated no additional benefit when using RIC in the setting of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The workshop discussed how conditioning has led to a significant and fundamental understanding of the mechanisms preventing cell death following ischaemia and reperfusion, and the key target cyto-protective pathways recruited by protective interventions, such as RIC. However, the obvious need to translate this protection to the clinical setting has not materialised largely due to the disconnect between preclinical and clinical studies. Discussion points included how to adapt preclinical animal studies to mirror the patient presenting with an acute myocardial infarction, as well as how to refine patient selection in clinical studies to account for co-morbidities and ongoing therapy. These latter scenarios can modify cytoprotective signalling and need to be taken into account to allow for a more robust outcome when powered appropriately. The workshop also discussed the potential for RIC in other disease settings including ischaemic stroke, cardio-oncology and COVID-19. The workshop, therefore, put forward specific classifications which could help identify so-called responders vs. non-responders in both the preclinical and clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R M Bell
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - M Basalay
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - H E Bøtker
- Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S Beikoghli Kalkhoran
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - R D Carr
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | | | - S M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - T J England
- Stroke, Division of Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - S Giesz
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - A K Ghosh
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - P Golforoush
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - A V Gourine
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - D J Hausenloy
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
- CVMD, Duke-NUS, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - G Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - B Ibanez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital & CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - S Lecour
- University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - K Lukhna
- University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M Ntsekhe
- University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M Ovize
- INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Université de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Bâtiment B13, F-69500, Bron, France
| | | | - G Vilahur
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, CIBERCV, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Walker
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - D M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Uniken Venema SM, Dankbaar JW, van der Lugt A, Dippel DWJ, van der Worp HB. Cerebral Collateral Circulation in the Era of Reperfusion Therapies for Acute Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2022; 53:3222-3234. [PMID: 35938420 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.037869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Clinical outcomes of patients with acute ischemic stroke depend in part on the extent of their collateral circulation. A good collateral circulation has also been associated with greater benefit of intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular treatment. Treatment decisions for these reperfusion therapies are increasingly guided by a combination of clinical and imaging parameters, particularly in later time windows. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging enable a rapid assessment of both the collateral extent and cerebral perfusion. Yet, the role of the collateral circulation in clinical decision-making is currently limited and may be underappreciated due to the use of rather coarse and rater-dependent grading methods. In this review, we discuss determinants of the collateral circulation in patients with acute ischemic stroke, report on commonly used and emerging neuroimaging techniques for assessing the collateral circulation, and discuss the therapeutic and prognostic implications of the collateral circulation in relation to reperfusion therapies for acute ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone M Uniken Venema
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands. (S.M.U.V., H.B.v.d.W.)
| | - Jan Willem Dankbaar
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands. (J.W.D.)
| | - Aad van der Lugt
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands. (A.v.d.L.)
| | - Diederik W J Dippel
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands. (D.W.J.D.)
| | - H Bart van der Worp
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands. (S.M.U.V., H.B.v.d.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ishizuka K, Hoshino T, Toi S, Mizuno T, Hosoya M, Saito M, Sato Y, Yagita Y, Todo K, Sakaguchi M, Ohashi T, Maruyama K, Hino S, Honma Y, Doijiri R, Yamagami H, Iguchi Y, Hirano T, Kimura K, Kitazono T, Kitagawa K. Remote ischemic conditioning for acute ischemic stroke part 2: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Front Neurol 2022; 13:946431. [PMID: 36003294 PMCID: PMC9393485 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.946431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) refers to the application of repeated short periods of ischemia intended to protect remote areas against tissue damage during and after prolonged ischemia. Aim We aim to evaluate the efficacy of RIC, determined by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 90 days after stroke onset. Design and methods This study is an investigator-initiated, multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, parallel-group clinical trial. The sample size is 400, comprising 200 patients who will receive RIC and 200 controls. The patients will be divided into three groups according to their National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at enrollment: 5–9, mild; 10–14, moderate; 15–20, severe. The RIC protocol will be comprised of four cycles, each consisting of 5 min of blood pressure cuff inflation (at 200 mmHg or 50 mmHg above the systolic blood pressure) followed by 5 min of reperfusion, with the cuff placed on the thigh on the unaffected side. The control group will only undergo blood pressure measurements before and after the intervention period. This trial is registered with the UMIN Clinical Trial Registry (https://www.umin.ac.jp/: UMIN000046225). Study outcome The primary outcome will be a good functional outcome as determined by the mRS score at 90 days after stroke onset, with a target mRS score of 0–1 in the mild group, 0–2 in the moderate group, and 0–3 in the severe group. Discussion This trial may help determine whether RIC should be recommended as a routine clinical strategy for patients with ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Ishizuka
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kentaro Ishizuka
| | - Takao Hoshino
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sono Toi
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takafumi Mizuno
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Megumi Hosoya
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moeko Saito
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuto Sato
- Department of Public Health, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Yagita
- Department of Stroke Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kenichi Todo
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Manabu Sakaguchi
- Department of Neurology, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohashi
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenji Maruyama
- Department of Neurology, Toda Chuo General Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shuji Hino
- Department of Neurology, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yutaka Honma
- Department of Neurology, Showa General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Doijiri
- Department of Neurology, Iwate Prefectural Central Hospital, Iwate, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamagami
- Department of Stroke Neurology, National Hospital Organization, Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Iguchi
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Hirano
- Department of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Kimura
- Department of Neurology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kitagawa
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Kazuo Kitagawa
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Purroy F, Beretta S, England TJ, Hess DC, Pico F, Shuaib A. Editorial: Remote Ischemic Conditioning (Pre, Per, and Post) as an Emerging Strategy of Neuroprotection in Ischemic Stroke. Front Neurol 2022; 13:932891. [PMID: 35812090 PMCID: PMC9260686 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.932891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Purroy
- Clinical Neurosciences Group IRBLleida, Stroke Unit, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- *Correspondence: Francisco Purroy
| | - Simone Beretta
- Department of Neurology, San Gerardo Hospital Monza, Monza, Italy
| | | | - David Charles Hess
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University Augusta, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Fernando Pico
- Centre Hospitalier de Versailles Le Chesnay, Le Chesnay, France
| | - Ashfaq Shuaib
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, University of Alberta Edmonton, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang Z, Dong H, Luan S, Liu J, Wang Q, Tao D, Cao H, Ji X. Distanct ischemic postconditioning in acute mild to moderate ischemic stroke: A randomized clinical study. J Clin Neurosci 2022; 100:89-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
40
|
Jarrahi A, Shah M, Ahluwalia M, Khodadadi H, Vaibhav K, Bruno A, Baban B, Hess DC, Dhandapani KM, Vender JR. Pilot Study of Remote Ischemic Conditioning in Acute Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:791035. [PMID: 35645722 PMCID: PMC9133418 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.791035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating injury that accounts for 10–15% of all strokes. The rupture of cerebral blood vessels damaged by hypertension or cerebral amyloid angiopathy creates a space-occupying hematoma that contributes toward neurological deterioration and high patient morbidity and mortality. Numerous protocols have explored a role for surgical decompression of ICH via craniotomy, stereotactic guided endoscopy, and minimally invasive catheter/tube evacuation. Studies including, but not limited to, STICH, STICH-II, MISTIE, MISTIE-II, MISTIE-III, ENRICH, and ICES have all shown that, in certain limited patient populations, evacuation can be done safely and mortality can be decreased, but functional outcomes remain statistically no different compared to medical management alone. Only 10–15% of patients with ICH are surgical candidates based on clot location, medical comorbidities, and limitations regarding early surgical intervention. To date, no clearly effective treatment options are available to improve ICH outcomes, leaving medical and supportive management as the standard of care. We recently identified that remote ischemic conditioning (RIC), the non-invasive, repetitive inflation-deflation of a blood pressure cuff on a limb, non-invasively enhanced hematoma resolution and improved neurological outcomes via anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization in pre-clinical ICH models. Herein, we propose a pilot, placebo-controlled, open-label, randomized trial to test the hypothesis that RIC accelerates hematoma resorption and improves outcomes in ICH patients. Twenty ICH patients will be randomized to receive either mock conditioning or unilateral arm RIC (4 cycles × 5 min inflation/5 min deflation per cycle) beginning within 48 h of stroke onset and continuing twice daily for one week. All patients will receive standard medical care according to latest guidelines. The primary outcome will be the safety evaluation of unilateral RIC in ICH patients. Secondary outcomes will include hematoma volume/clot resorption rate and functional outcomes, as assessed by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 1- and 3-months post-ICH. Additionally, blood will be collected for exploratory genomic analysis. This study will establish the feasibility and safety of RIC in acute ICH patients, providing a foundation for a larger, multi-center clinical trial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Jarrahi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Manan Shah
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Meenakshi Ahluwalia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Hesam Khodadadi
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Kumar Vaibhav
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Askiel Bruno
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Babak Baban
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - David C. Hess
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Krishnan M. Dhandapani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - John R. Vender
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: John R. Vender,
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mahajan C, Kapoor I, Prabhakar H. A Narrative Review on Translational Research in Acute Brain Injury. JOURNAL OF NEUROANAESTHESIOLOGY AND CRITICAL CARE 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1744399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThere has been a constant endeavor to reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with acute brain injury. The associated complex mechanisms involving biomechanics, markers, and neuroprotective drugs/measures have been extensively studied in preclinical studies with an ultimate aim to improve the patients' outcomes. Despite such efforts, only few have been successfully translated into clinical practice. In this review, we shall be discussing the major hurdles in the translation of preclinical results into clinical practice. The need is to choose an appropriate animal model, keeping in mind the species, age, and gender of the animal, choosing suitable outcome measures, ensuring quality of animal trials, and carrying out systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental studies before proceeding to human trials. The interdisciplinary collaboration between the preclinical and clinical scientists will help to design better, meaningful trials which might help a long way in successful translation. Although challenging at this stage, the advent of translational precision medicine will help the integration of mechanism-centric translational medicine and patient-centric precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charu Mahajan
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Indu Kapoor
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Hemanshu Prabhakar
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
The Role of Plasma Extracellular Vesicles in Remote Ischemic Conditioning and Exercise-Induced Ischemic Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063334. [PMID: 35328755 PMCID: PMC8951333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic conditioning and exercise have been suggested for protecting against brain ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the endogenous protective mechanisms stimulated by these interventions remain unclear. Here, in a comprehensive translational study, we investigated the protective role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released after remote ischemic conditioning (RIC), blood flow restricted resistance exercise (BFRRE), or high-load resistance exercise (HLRE). Blood samples were collected from human participants before and at serial time points after intervention. RIC and BFRRE plasma EVs released early after stimulation improved viability of endothelial cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation. Furthermore, post-RIC EVs accumulated in the ischemic area of a stroke mouse model, and a mean decrease in infarct volume was observed for post-RIC EVs, although not reaching statistical significance. Thus, circulating EVs induced by RIC and BFRRE can mediate protection, but the in vivo and translational effects of conditioned EVs require further experimental verification.
Collapse
|
43
|
Wu YK, Harel NY, Wecht JM, Bloom OE. Effects of Remote Ischemic Conditioning on Hand Engagement in individuals with Spinal cord Injury (RICHES): protocol for a pilot crossover study. F1000Res 2022; 10:464. [PMID: 35342620 PMCID: PMC8924555 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.52670.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Most spinal cord injuries (SCI) are not full transections, indicating that residual nerve circuits are retained. Rehabilitation interventions have been shown to beneficially reorganize motor pathways in the brain, corticospinal tract, and at the spinal level. However, rehabilitation training require a large number of repetitions, and intervention effects may be absent or show transient retention. Therefore, the need remains for an effective approach to synergistically improve the amount and duration of neuroplasticity in combination with other interventions. Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) demonstrates several potential advantages as a candidate for such an approach. Therefore, we propose a protocol to investigate RIC coupled with physical training to promote neuroplasticity in hand muscles. Methods: This will be a prospective randomized-order crossover trial to be performed in eight able-bodied participants and eight participants with chronic cervical SCI. Patients will participate in two experimental sessions consisting of either active or sham RIC preceding a bout of pinch movement exercise. Serial evaluations will be conducted at baseline, after RIC, immediately after pinch exercise, and follow up 15-minutes later. The primary outcome is the change in corticospinal excitability (primarily measured by the motor evoked potential of abductor pollicis brevis muscle). Secondary outcomes will include maximal volitional pinch force, and inflammatory biomarkers. To ensure safety, we will monitor tolerability and hemodynamic responses during RIC. Discussion: This protocol will be the first to test RIC in people with cervical SCI and to investigate whether RIC alters corticospinal excitability. By sharing the details of our protocol, we hope other interested researchers will seek to investigate similar approaches – depending on overlap with the current study and mutual sharing of participant-level data, this could increase the sample size, power, and generalizability of the analysis and results. Trial registration: ClinicalTrial.gov, ID: NCT03851302; Date of registration: February 22, 2019
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kuang Wu
- Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10003, USA
- Bronx Veterans Medical Research Foundation, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Noam Y. Harel
- Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10003, USA
- Bronx Veterans Medical Research Foundation, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Jill M. Wecht
- Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10003, USA
- Bronx Veterans Medical Research Foundation, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Ona E. Bloom
- Bronx Veterans Medical Research Foundation, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- The Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra Northwell, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Liu S, Gao Z, Meng R, Song H, Tang T, Zhao Y, Chen R, Sheng Y, Fan Q, Jiang F, Zhang Q, Ding J, Huang X, Ma Q, Dong K, Xue S, Yu Z, Duan J, Chu C, Chen X, Huang X, Li S, Ovbiagele B, Zhao W, Ji X, Feng W. Preventing Ischemic Cerebrovascular Events in High-Risk Patients With Non-disabling Ischemic Cerebrovascular Events Using Remote Ischemic Conditioning: A Single-Arm Study. Front Neurol 2021; 12:748916. [PMID: 34975717 PMCID: PMC8716386 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.748916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Secondary stroke prevention after a high-risk, non-disabling ischemic cerebrovascular event needs to be enhanced. The study was conducted to investigate whether remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is effective in preventing recurrent ischemic events within 3 months. Methods: This was a four-center, single-arm, open-label Phase IIa futility trial (PICNIC-One Study). Adult patients (≥18 years of age) who had an acute minor ischemic stroke (AMIS) with a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≤ 3 or a transient ischemic attack (TIA) with moderate-to-high risk of stroke recurrence (ABCD score ≥ 4) within 14 days of symptom onset were recruited. Patients received RIC as adjunctive therapy to routine secondary stroke prevention regimen. RIC consisted of five cycles of 5-min inflation (200 mmHg) and 5-min deflation of cuffs (45 min) on bilateral upper limbs twice a day for 90 days. Results: A total of 285 patients met the study criteria, of which 167 provided signed informed consent and were enrolled. Data from 162 were analyzed with five subjects excluded. Recurrent AIS/TIA occurred in 6/162 (3.7%) patients within 3 months, with no occurrence of hemorrhagic stroke. The top three adverse events were upper limb pain (44/162, 27.2%), petechia (26/162, 16.0%), and heart palpitation (5/162, 3.1%). About 68 (42.0%) subjects completed ≥ 50% of 45-min RIC sessions. Conclusions: RIC is a safe add-on procedure and it has a potential benefit in reducing recurrent cerebrovascular events in patients with high-risk, non-disabling ischemic cerebrovascular events as the risk of stroke/TIA events is lower than expected; however, its compliance needs to be improved. Our study provides critical preliminary data to plan a large sample size, randomized controlled clinical study to systematically investigate the safety and efficacy of RIC in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shimeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zongen Gao
- Department of Neurology, Shengli Oilfield Center Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Ran Meng
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiqing Song
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianping Tang
- Department of Neurology, Shengli Oilfield Center Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Ya Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Taoyuan People's Hospital, Changde, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yanzhen Sheng
- Department of Neurology, Taoyuan People's Hospital, Changde, China
| | - Qianqian Fan
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Fang Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Ding
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingfeng Ma
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Dong
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sufang Xue
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Yu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangang Duan
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Changbiao Chu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shengli Oilfield Center Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Xingquan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Taoyuan People's Hospital, Changde, China
| | - Sijie Li
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bruce Ovbiagele
- Departmeng of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Wenle Zhao
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Xunming Ji
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics-China Capital Medical University (BUAA-CCMU) Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beijing, China
- Xunming Ji
| | - Wuwei Feng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Wuwei Feng
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ghozy S, Kacimi SEO, Elfil M, Sobeeh MG, Reda A, Kallmes KM, Rabinstein AA, Holmes DR, Brinjikji W, Kadirvel R, Kallmes DF. Transient Ischemic Attacks Preceding Ischemic Stroke and the Possible Preconditioning of the Human Brain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Neurol 2021; 12:755167. [PMID: 34899573 PMCID: PMC8652229 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.755167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is defined as transient brain ischemia with temporary neurological deficits. In animal models, prior TIA seems to enhance brain ischemic tolerance to withstand further ischemic events, which might be explained by brain preconditioning. Thus, this review aims to formulate evidence of whether TIAs can induce positive preconditioning and enhance the functional outcomes in patients suffering from subsequent ischemic strokes. Five databases were searched (PubMed, Embase, SAGE, Web of Science, and Scopus), and twelve studies were included in the quantitative analysis. Studies were eligible when comparing patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and previous TIA with those with AIS without TIA. Comparisons included the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at admission and 7 days from the stroke event, modified Rankin score (mRS), and Trial of ORG 10,172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classification. Odds ratio (OR), mean difference (MD), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to describe our results using the random effect model. Our results revealed that patients with stroke and prior TIAs had lower NIHSS scores at admission than those without prior TIAs. However, the NIHSS score was not significantly different between the two groups at 7 days. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference between both groups in terms of mortality. Despite the differences in the admission mRS score groups, patients with prior TIAs had lower mRS scores at discharge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherief Ghozy
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Mohammed Elfil
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Mohamed Gomaa Sobeeh
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Faculty of Physical Therapy, Sinai University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Reda
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kevin M Kallmes
- Nested Knowledge, St. Paul, MN, United States.,Superior Medical Experts, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Alejandro A Rabinstein
- Department of Neurology and Neurocritical Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - David R Holmes
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Waleed Brinjikji
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - David F Kallmes
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Guo W, Ren C, Zhang B, Zhao W, Gao Y, Yu W, Ji X. Chronic Limb Remote Ischemic Conditioning may have an Antihypertensive Effect in Patients with Hypertension. Aging Dis 2021; 12:2069-2079. [PMID: 34881086 PMCID: PMC8612623 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is the leading preventable risk factor for all-cause morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite antihypertensive medications have been available for decades, a big challenge we are facing is to increase the blood pressure (BP) control rate among the population. Therefore, it is necessary to search for new antihypertensive means to reduce the burden of disease caused by hypertension. Limb remote ischemic conditioning (LRIC) can trigger endogenous protective effects through transient and repeated ischemia on the limb to protect specific organs and tissues including the brain, heart, and kidney. The mechanisms of LRIC involve the regulation of the autonomic nervous system, releasing humoral factors, improvement of vascular endothelial function, and modulation of immune/inflammatory responses. These underlying mechanisms of LRIC may restrain the pathogenesis of hypertension through multiple pathways theoretically, leading to a potential decline in BP. Several existing studies have explored the impact of LRIC on BP, however, controversial findings were reported. To explore the potential antihypertensive effect of LRIC and the underlying mechanisms, we systematically reviewed the relevant articles to provide an insight into the novel therapy of hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Guo
- 1Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Changhong Ren
- 2Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical, Beijing, China.,3Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Bowei Zhang
- 1Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- 1Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Gao
- 5Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wantong Yu
- 1Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- 1Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical, Beijing, China.,4Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Saccaro LF, Aimo A, Emdin M, Pico F. Remote Ischemic Conditioning in Ischemic Stroke and Myocardial Infarction: Similarities and Differences. Front Neurol 2021; 12:716316. [PMID: 34764925 PMCID: PMC8576053 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.716316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although reperfusion therapies have greatly improved the outcomes of patients with these conditions, many patients die or are severely disabled despite complete reperfusion. It is therefore important to identify interventions that can prevent progression to ischemic necrosis and limit ischemia-reperfusion injury. A possible strategy is ischemic conditioning, which consists of inducing ischemia – either in the ischemic organ or in another body site [i.e., remote ischemic conditioning (RIC), e.g., by inflating a cuff around the patient's arm or leg]. The effects of ischemic conditioning have been studied, alone or in combination with revascularization techniques. Based on the timing (before, during, or after ischemia), RIC is classified as pre-, per-/peri-, or post-conditioning, respectively. In this review, we first highlight some pathophysiological and clinical similarities and differences between cardiac and cerebral ischemia. We report evidence that RIC reduces circulating biomarkers of myocardial necrosis, infarct size, and edema, although this effect appears not to translate into a better prognosis. We then review cutting-edge applications of RIC for the treatment of ischemic stroke. We also highlight that, although RIC is a safe procedure that can easily be implemented in hospital and pre-hospital settings, its efficacy in patients with ischemic stroke remains to be proven. We then discuss possible methodological issues of previous studies. We finish by highlighting some perspectives for future research, aimed at increasing the efficacy of ischemic conditioning for improving tissue protection and clinical outcomes, and stratifying myocardial infarction and brain ischemia patients to enhance treatment feasibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi F Saccaro
- Neurology and Stroke Care Unit, Versailles Hospital, Le Chesnay, France.,Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Aimo
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Emdin
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fernando Pico
- Neurology and Stroke Care Unit, Versailles Hospital, Le Chesnay, France.,Neurology Department, Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines and Paris Saclay University, Versailles, France
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Diamanti S, Beretta S, Tettamanti M, Sacco S, Sette G, Ornello R, Tiseo C, Caponnetto V, Beccia M, Alivernini D, Costanzo R, Ferrarese C. Multi-Center Randomized Phase II Clinical Trial on Remote Ischemic Conditioning in Acute Ischemic Stroke Within 9 Hours of Onset in Patients Ineligible to Recanalization Therapies (TRICS-9): Study Design and Protocol. Front Neurol 2021; 12:724050. [PMID: 34803872 PMCID: PMC8595400 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.724050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To assess the efficacy of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) in patients with ischemic stroke within 9 h of onset, that are not candidates for recanalization therapies. Sample Size Estimates: A sample size of 80 patients (40 in each arm) should yield 80% power to detect a 20% difference in early neurological improvement at 72 h at p = 0.05, two sided. Methods and Design: TRICS-9 is a phase II, multicenter, controlled, block randomized, open-label, interventional clinical trial. Patients recruited in Italian academic hospitals will be randomized 1:1 to either RIC plus standard medical therapy or standard medical therapy alone. After randomization, RIC will be applied manually by four alternating cycles of inflation/deflation 5 min each, using a blood pressure cuff around the non-paretic arm. Study Outcomes: The primary efficacy outcome is early neurological improvement, defined as the percent change in the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at 72 h in each arm. Secondary outcomes include early neurologic improvement at 24 and 48 h, disability at 3 months, rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, feasibility (proportion of patients completing RIC), tolerability after RIC and at 72 h, blood levels of HIF-1α, and HSP27 at 24 h and 72 h. Discussion/Conclusion: RIC in combination with recanalization therapies appears to add no clinical benefit to patients, but whether it is beneficial to those that are not candidates for recanalization therapies is still to be demonstrated. TRICS-9 has been developed to elucidate this issue. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT04400981.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Diamanti
- Stroke Unit and Neurology Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST)-Monza San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Simone Beretta
- Stroke Unit and Neurology Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST)-Monza San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Mauro Tettamanti
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Neuroscienze, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milano, Italy
| | - Simona Sacco
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giuliano Sette
- NEuroscienze Salute Mentale e Organi di Senso (NESMOS) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Raffaele Ornello
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Cindy Tiseo
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Valeria Caponnetto
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mario Beccia
- NEuroscienze Salute Mentale e Organi di Senso (NESMOS) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Diletta Alivernini
- NEuroscienze Salute Mentale e Organi di Senso (NESMOS) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Rocco Costanzo
- NEuroscienze Salute Mentale e Organi di Senso (NESMOS) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Carlo Ferrarese
- Stroke Unit and Neurology Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST)-Monza San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Mollet I, Marto JP, Mendonça M, Baptista MV, Vieira HLA. Remote but not Distant: a Review on Experimental Models and Clinical Trials in Remote Ischemic Conditioning as Potential Therapy in Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:294-325. [PMID: 34686988 PMCID: PMC8533672 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02585-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the main causes of neurological disability worldwide and the second cause of death in people over 65 years old, resulting in great economic and social burden. Ischemic stroke accounts for 85% of total cases, and the approved therapies are based on re-establishment of blood flow, and do not directly target brain parenchyma. Thus, novel therapies are urgently needed. In this review, limb remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is revised and discussed as a potential therapy against ischemic stroke. The review targets both (i) fundamental research based on experimental models and (ii) clinical research based on clinical trials and human interventional studies with healthy volunteers. Moreover, it also presents two approaches concerning RIC mechanisms in stroke: (i) description of the underlying cerebral cellular and molecular mechanisms triggered by limb RIC that promote neuroprotection against stroke induced damage and (ii) the identification of signaling factors involved in inter-organ communication following RIC procedure. Limb to brain remote signaling can occur via circulating biochemical factors, immune cells, and/or stimulation of autonomic nervous system. In this review, these three hypotheses are explored in both humans and experimental models. Finally, the challenges involved in translating experimentally generated scientific knowledge to a clinical setting are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês Mollet
- UCIBIO, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-526, Caparica, Portugal.,CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas/NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Pedro Marto
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas/NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Neurology, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marcelo Mendonça
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas/NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel Viana Baptista
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas/NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Neurology, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Helena L A Vieira
- UCIBIO, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-526, Caparica, Portugal. .,CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas/NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal. .,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hypoxia Tolerant Species: The Wisdom of Nature Translated into Targets for Stroke Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011131. [PMID: 34681788 PMCID: PMC8537001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human neurons rapidly die after ischemia and current therapies for stroke management are limited to restoration of blood flow to prevent further brain damage. Thrombolytics and mechanical thrombectomy are the available reperfusion treatments, but most of the patients remain untreated. Neuroprotective therapies focused on treating the pathogenic cascade of the disease have widely failed. However, many animal species demonstrate that neurons can survive the lack of oxygen for extended periods of time. Here, we reviewed the physiological and molecular pathways inherent to tolerant species that have been described to contribute to hypoxia tolerance. Among them, Foxo3 and Eif5A were reported to mediate anoxic survival in Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans, respectively, and those results were confirmed in experimental models of stroke. In humans however, the multiple mechanisms involved in brain cell death after a stroke causes translation difficulties to arise making necessary a timely and coordinated control of the pathological changes. We propose here that, if we were able to plagiarize such natural hypoxia tolerance through drugs combined in a pharmacological cocktail it would open new therapeutic opportunities for stroke and likely, for other hypoxic conditions.
Collapse
|