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Assaneo MF, Lizcano-Cortés F, Ripolles P. Keeping time: How musical training may boost cognition. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002810. [PMID: 39236087 PMCID: PMC11407654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The relationship between musical training and intellect is controversial. A new hypothesis may help resolve the debate by proposing an explanation for how training in rhythmic skills can improve cognitive abilities in some individuals, but not others.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Florencia Assaneo
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Querétaro, México
| | | | - Pablo Ripolles
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Music and Audio Research Lab, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Center for Language, Music, and Emotion (CLaME), New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
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2
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Punamäki RL, Diab SY, Drosos K, Qouta SR, Vänskä M. The role of acoustic features of maternal infant-directed singing in enhancing infant sensorimotor, language and socioemotional development. Infant Behav Dev 2024; 74:101908. [PMID: 37992456 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2023.101908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The quality of infant-directed speech (IDS) and infant-directed singing (IDSi) are considered vital to children, but empirical studies on protomusical qualities of the IDSi influencing infant development are rare. The current prospective study examines the role of IDSi acoustic features, such as pitch variability, shape and movement, and vocal amplitude vibration, timbre, and resonance, in associating with infant sensorimotor, language, and socioemotional development at six and 18 months. The sample consists of 236 Palestinian mothers from Gaza Strip singing to their six-month-olds a song by their own choice. Maternal IDSi was recorded and analyzed by the OpenSMILE- tool to depict main acoustic features of pitch frequencies, variations, and contours, vocal intensity, resonance formants, and power. The results are based on completed 219 maternal IDSi. Mothers reported about their infants' sensorimotor, language-vocalization, and socioemotional skills at six months, and psychologists tested these skills by Bayley Scales for Infant Development at 18 months. Results show that maternal IDSi characterized by wide pitch variability and rich and high vocal amplitude and vibration were associated with infants' optimal sensorimotor, language vocalization, and socioemotional skills at six months, and rich and high vocal amplitude and vibration predicted these optimal developmental skills also at 18 months. High resonance and rhythmicity formants were associated with optimal language and vocalization skills at six months. To conclude, the IDSi is considered important in enhancing newborn and risk infants' wellbeing, and the current findings argue that favorable acoustic singing qualities are crucial for optimal multidomain development across infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raija-Leena Punamäki
- Tampere University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Finland.
| | - Safwat Y Diab
- Tampere University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Finland
| | - Konstantinos Drosos
- Tampere University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Finland; Nokia Research Center, Espoo, Finland
| | - Samir R Qouta
- Doha Institute for Graduate Studies, School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Qatar
| | - Mervi Vänskä
- Tampere University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Finland
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3
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Dalla Bella S, Janaqi S, Benoit CE, Farrugia N, Bégel V, Verga L, Harding EE, Kotz SA. Unravelling individual rhythmic abilities using machine learning. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1135. [PMID: 38212632 PMCID: PMC10784578 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51257-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Humans can easily extract the rhythm of a complex sound, like music, and move to its regular beat, like in dance. These abilities are modulated by musical training and vary significantly in untrained individuals. The causes of this variability are multidimensional and typically hard to grasp in single tasks. To date we lack a comprehensive model capturing the rhythmic fingerprints of both musicians and non-musicians. Here we harnessed machine learning to extract a parsimonious model of rhythmic abilities, based on behavioral testing (with perceptual and motor tasks) of individuals with and without formal musical training (n = 79). We demonstrate that variability in rhythmic abilities and their link with formal and informal music experience can be successfully captured by profiles including a minimal set of behavioral measures. These findings highlight that machine learning techniques can be employed successfully to distill profiles of rhythmic abilities, and ultimately shed light on individual variability and its relationship with both formal musical training and informal musical experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Dalla Bella
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music, and Sound Research (BRAMS), Montreal, Canada.
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Pavillon Marie-Victorin, CP 6128 Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
- Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM), Montreal, Canada.
- University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Stefan Janaqi
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, IMT Mines Ales and University of Montpellier, Ales and Montpellier, France
| | - Charles-Etienne Benoit
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, EA 7424, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69 622, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | | | - Laura Verga
- Comparative Bioacoustics Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Eleanor E Harding
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja A Kotz
- Department of Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands.
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
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Fiveash A, Ferreri L, Bouwer FL, Kösem A, Moghimi S, Ravignani A, Keller PE, Tillmann B. Can rhythm-mediated reward boost learning, memory, and social connection? Perspectives for future research. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 149:105153. [PMID: 37019245 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Studies of rhythm processing and of reward have progressed separately, with little connection between the two. However, consistent links between rhythm and reward are beginning to surface, with research suggesting that synchronization to rhythm is rewarding, and that this rewarding element may in turn also boost this synchronization. The current mini review shows that the combined study of rhythm and reward can be beneficial to better understand their independent and combined roles across two central aspects of cognition: 1) learning and memory, and 2) social connection and interpersonal synchronization; which have so far been studied largely independently. From this basis, it is discussed how connections between rhythm and reward can be applied to learning and memory and social connection across different populations, taking into account individual differences, clinical populations, human development, and animal research. Future research will need to consider the rewarding nature of rhythm, and that rhythm can in turn boost reward, potentially enhancing other cognitive and social processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fiveash
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CRNL, CNRS, UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, F-69000 Lyon, France; University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France; The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - L Ferreri
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Laboratoire d'Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Université Lumière Lyon 2, Lyon, France
| | - F L Bouwer
- Department of Psychology, Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Kösem
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CRNL, CNRS, UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - S Moghimi
- Groupe de Recherches sur l'Analyse Multimodale de la Fonction Cérébrale, INSERM U1105, Amiens, France
| | - A Ravignani
- Comparative Bioacoustics Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6525 XD Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Denmark
| | - P E Keller
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia; Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Denmark
| | - B Tillmann
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CRNL, CNRS, UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, F-69000 Lyon, France; University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Laboratory for Research on Learning and Development, LEAD - CNRS UMR5022, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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5
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Kim HW, Lee KM, Lee YS. Sensorimotor and working memory systems jointly support development of perceptual rhythm processing. Dev Sci 2023; 26:e13261. [PMID: 35343637 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We studied the role of sensorimotor and working memory systems in supporting development of perceptual rhythm processing with 119 participants aged 7-12 years. Children were assessed for their abilities in sensorimotor synchronization (SMS; beat tapping), auditory working memory (AWM; digit span), and rhythm discrimination (RD; same/different judgment on a pair of musical rhythm sequences). Multiple regression analysis revealed that children's RD performance was independently predicted by higher beat tapping consistency and greater digit span score, with all other demographic variables (age, sex, socioeconomic status, music training) controlled. The association between RD and SMS was more robust in the slower tempos (60 and 100 beats-per-minute (BPM)) than faster ones (120 and 180 BPM). Critically, the relation of SMS to RD was moderated by age in that RD performance was predicted by beat tapping consistency in younger children (age: 7-9 years), but not in older children (age: 10-12 years). AWM was the only predictor of RD in older children. Together, the current findings demonstrate that the sensorimotor and working memory systems jointly support RD processing during middle-to-late childhood and that the degree of association between the two systems and perceptual rhythm processing is shifted before entering into early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Woong Kim
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA.,Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA.,Callier Center for Communication Disorders, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Kyung Myun Lee
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea.,Graduate School of Culture Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yune Sang Lee
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA.,Callier Center for Communication Disorders, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA.,Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
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6
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Nayak S, Coleman PL, Ladányi E, Nitin R, Gustavson DE, Fisher SE, Magne CL, Gordon RL. The Musical Abilities, Pleiotropy, Language, and Environment (MAPLE) Framework for Understanding Musicality-Language Links Across the Lifespan. NEUROBIOLOGY OF LANGUAGE (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2022; 3:615-664. [PMID: 36742012 PMCID: PMC9893227 DOI: 10.1162/nol_a_00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Using individual differences approaches, a growing body of literature finds positive associations between musicality and language-related abilities, complementing prior findings of links between musical training and language skills. Despite these associations, musicality has been often overlooked in mainstream models of individual differences in language acquisition and development. To better understand the biological basis of these individual differences, we propose the Musical Abilities, Pleiotropy, Language, and Environment (MAPLE) framework. This novel integrative framework posits that musical and language-related abilities likely share some common genetic architecture (i.e., genetic pleiotropy) in addition to some degree of overlapping neural endophenotypes, and genetic influences on musically and linguistically enriched environments. Drawing upon recent advances in genomic methodologies for unraveling pleiotropy, we outline testable predictions for future research on language development and how its underlying neurobiological substrates may be supported by genetic pleiotropy with musicality. In support of the MAPLE framework, we review and discuss findings from over seventy behavioral and neural studies, highlighting that musicality is robustly associated with individual differences in a range of speech-language skills required for communication and development. These include speech perception-in-noise, prosodic perception, morphosyntactic skills, phonological skills, reading skills, and aspects of second/foreign language learning. Overall, the current work provides a clear agenda and framework for studying musicality-language links using individual differences approaches, with an emphasis on leveraging advances in the genomics of complex musicality and language traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Nayak
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, TN, USA
| | - Peyton L. Coleman
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Enikő Ladányi
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Linguistics, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rachana Nitin
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel E. Gustavson
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Simon E. Fisher
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cyrille L. Magne
- Department of Psychology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
- PhD Program in Literacy Studies, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
| | - Reyna L. Gordon
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Curb Center for Art, Enterprise, and Public Policy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, TN, USA
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You got rhythm, or more: The multidimensionality of rhythmic abilities. Atten Percept Psychophys 2022; 84:1370-1392. [PMID: 35437703 PMCID: PMC9614186 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-022-02487-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Humans have a remarkable capacity for perceiving and producing rhythm. Rhythmic competence is often viewed as a single concept, with participants who perform more or less accurately on a single rhythm task. However, research is revealing numerous sub-processes and competencies involved in rhythm perception and production, which can be selectively impaired or enhanced. To investigate whether different patterns of performance emerge across tasks and individuals, we measured performance across a range of rhythm tasks from different test batteries. Distinct performance patterns could potentially reveal separable rhythmic competencies that may draw on distinct neural mechanisms. Participants completed nine rhythm perception and production tasks selected from the Battery for the Assessment of Auditory Sensorimotor and Timing Abilities (BAASTA), the Beat Alignment Test (BAT), the Beat-Based Advantage task (BBA), and two tasks from the Burgundy best Musical Aptitude Test (BbMAT). Principal component analyses revealed clear separation of task performance along three main dimensions: production, beat-based rhythm perception, and sequence memory-based rhythm perception. Hierarchical cluster analyses supported these results, revealing clusters of participants who performed selectively more or less accurately along different dimensions. The current results support the hypothesis of divergence of rhythmic skills. Based on these results, we provide guidelines towards a comprehensive testing of rhythm abilities, including at least three short tasks measuring: (1) rhythm production (e.g., tapping to metronome/music), (2) beat-based rhythm perception (e.g., BAT), and (3) sequence memory-based rhythm processing (e.g., BBA). Implications for underlying neural mechanisms, future research, and potential directions for rehabilitation and training programs are discussed.
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Service E, DeBorba E, Lopez-Cormier A, Horzum M, Pape D. Short-Term Memory for Auditory Temporal Patterns and Meaningless Sentences Predicts Learning of Foreign Word Forms. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12050549. [PMID: 35624936 PMCID: PMC9139216 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to accurately repeat meaningless nonwords or lists of spoken digits in correct order have been associated with vocabulary acquisition in both first and second language. Individual differences in these tasks are thought to depend on the phonological loop component of working memory. However, phonological working memory may itself depend on more elementary processes. We asked whether auditory non-verbal short-term memory (STM) for patterns in time supports immediate recall of speech-based sequences. Participants tapped temporal sequences consisting of short and long beeps and repeated nonsense sentences sounding like their native language or an unfamiliar language. As a language learning task, they also memorized familiar-word–foreign-word pairs. Word learning was directly predicted by nonsense sentence repetition accuracy. It was also predicted by temporal pattern STM. However, this association was mediated by performance on the repetition measure. We propose that STM for temporal patterns may reflect a component skill that provides the context signal necessary to encode order in phonological STM. It would be needed to support representation of the prosodic profile of language material, which allows syllables in words and words in sentences to be ordered and temporally grouped for short-term representation and long-term learning.
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Kliger Amrani A, Zion Golumbic E. Memory-Paced Tapping to Auditory Rhythms: Effects of Rate, Speech, and Motor Engagement. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2022; 65:923-939. [PMID: 35133867 DOI: 10.1044/2021_jslhr-21-00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Humans have a near-automatic tendency to entrain their motor actions to rhythms in the environment. Entrainment has been hypothesized to play an important role in processing naturalistic stimuli, such as speech and music, which have intrinsically rhythmic properties. Here, we studied two facets of entraining one's rhythmic motor actions to an external stimulus: (a) synchronized finger tapping to auditory rhythmic stimuli and (b) memory-paced reproduction of a previously heard rhythm. METHOD Using modifications of the Synchronization-Continuation tapping paradigm, we studied how these two rhythmic behaviors were affected by different stimulus and task features. We tested synchronization and memory-paced tapping for a broad range of rates, from stimulus onset asynchrony of subsecond to suprasecond, both for strictly isochronous tone sequences and for rhythmic speech stimuli (counting from 1 to 10), which are more ecological yet less isochronous. We also asked what role motor engagement plays in forming a stable internal representation for rhythms and guiding memory-paced tapping. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Our results show that individuals can flexibly synchronize their motor actions to a very broad range of rhythms. However, this flexibility does not extend to memory-paced tapping, which is accurate only in a narrower range of rates, around ~1.5 Hz. This pattern suggests that intrinsic rhythmic defaults in the auditory and/or motor system influence the internal representation of rhythms, in the absence of an external pacemaker. Interestingly, memory-paced tapping for speech rhythms and simple tone sequences shared similar "optimal rates," although with reduced accuracy, suggesting that internal constraints on rhythmic entrainment generalize to more ecological stimuli. Last, we found that actively synchronizing to tones versus passively listening to them led to more accurate memory-paced tapping performance, which emphasizes the importance of action-perception interactions in forming stable entrainment to external rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Kliger Amrani
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Elana Zion Golumbic
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Abstract
The present study investigates effects of conventionally metered and rhymed poetry on eyemovements
in silent reading. Readers saw MRRL poems (i.e., metrically regular, rhymed
language) in two layouts. In poem layout, verse endings coincided with line breaks. In prose
layout verse endings could be mid-line. We also added metrical and rhyme anomalies. We
hypothesized that silently reading MRRL results in building up auditive expectations that
are based on a rhythmic “audible gestalt” and propose that rhythmicity is generated through
subvocalization. Our results revealed that readers were sensitive to rhythmic-gestalt-anomalies
but showed differential effects in poem and prose layouts. Metrical anomalies in particular
resulted in robust reading disruptions across a variety of eye-movement measures in
the poem layout and caused re-reading of the local context. Rhyme anomalies elicited
stronger effects in prose layout and resulted in systematic re-reading of pre-rhymes. The
presence or absence of rhythmic-gestalt-anomalies, as well as the layout manipulation, also
affected reading in general. Effects of syllable number indicated a high degree of subvocalization.
The overall pattern of results suggests that eye-movements reflect, and are closely
aligned with, the rhythmic subvocalization of MRRL. This study introduces a two-stage approach to the analysis of long MRRL stimuli and contributes
to the discussion of how the processing of rhythm in music and speech may overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Beck
- Cognitive Science, University of Freiburg,, Germany
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Lense MD, Ladányi E, Rabinowitch TC, Trainor L, Gordon R. Rhythm and timing as vulnerabilities in neurodevelopmental disorders. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200327. [PMID: 34420385 PMCID: PMC8380970 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of children are impacted by neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), which unfold early in life, have varying genetic etiologies and can involve a variety of specific or generalized impairments in social, cognitive and motor functioning requiring potentially lifelong specialized supports. While specific disorders vary in their domain of primary deficit (e.g. autism spectrum disorder (social), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (attention), developmental coordination disorder (motor) and developmental language disorder (language)), comorbidities between NDDs are common. Intriguingly, many NDDs are associated with difficulties in skills related to rhythm, timing and synchrony though specific profiles of rhythm/timing impairments vary across disorders. Impairments in rhythm/timing may instantiate vulnerabilities for a variety of NDDs and may contribute to both the primary symptoms of each disorder as well as the high levels of comorbidities across disorders. Drawing upon genetic, neural, behavioural and interpersonal constructs across disorders, we consider how disrupted rhythm and timing skills early in life may contribute to atypical developmental cascades that involve overlapping symptoms within the context of a disorder's primary deficits. Consideration of the developmental context, as well as common and unique aspects of the phenotypes of different NDDs, will inform experimental designs to test this hypothesis including via potential mechanistic intervention approaches. This article is part of the theme issue 'Synchrony and rhythm interaction: from the brain to behavioural ecology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam D. Lense
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eniko Ladányi
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Laurel Trainor
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Reyna Gordon
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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12
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Dogruoz Karatekin B, Icagasioglu A. The effect of therapeutic instrumental music performance method on upper extremity functions in adolescent cerebral palsy. Acta Neurol Belg 2021; 121:1179-1189. [PMID: 33590470 PMCID: PMC7883946 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-021-01618-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to investigate the improvement of upper extremity functions with piano training of adolescent cerebral palsy. Nine adolescent cerebral palsy patients admitted to the Pediatric Disability Clinic between 2018 and 2020 and 9 healthy adolescent volunteers as control group were included. Therapeutic Instrumental Music Performance method was applied 2 days a week, 3 months in 40-min sessions. Before/after intervention, MACS, Box Block Test, Nine-Hole Peg Test, Jamar hand dynamometer and key pressing force of fingers were evaluated with Cubase MIDI program. Five of our patients included in the study were spastic hemiplegic and 4 were spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. All measurements made after intervention were found to be statistically significant compared to the measurements made before piano training (p < 0.05). The fingers that improved the most in the key pressing force of the fingers were found as the right hand 4th, left hand the 4th and 5th fingers (p < 0.01). A significant strong negative relationship was detected between the Box Block Test and the Nine-Hole Peg Test (p < 0.001). With therapeutic instrumental music performance method, functional gains can be achieved in the grip strength, strengths of the fingers, gross and fine motor skills of adolescent cerebral palsy patients. Further studies are needed to establish a piano training protocol in neurological music therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilinc Dogruoz Karatekin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Istanbul Medeniyet University Goztepe Prof Dr Suleyman Yalcin City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Afitap Icagasioglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
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13
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Bonacina S, Huang S, White-Schwoch T, Krizman J, Nicol T, Kraus N. Rhythm, reading, and sound processing in the brain in preschool children. NPJ SCIENCE OF LEARNING 2021; 6:20. [PMID: 34188057 PMCID: PMC8242059 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-021-00097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A child's success in school relies on their ability to quickly grasp language and reading skills, the foundations of which are acquired even before entering a formal classroom setting. Previous studies in preschoolers have begun to establish relationships linking beat synchronization, preliteracy skills, and auditory processing. Beat synchronization involves the integration of sensorimotor systems with auditory and cognitive circuits and, therefore calls on many of the same neural networks as language. Using a drumming task, we analyzed the relationship between children's ability to maintain an isochronous beat with preliteracy skills and frequency following responses (FFRs) in over 150 preschoolers. We show that preschoolers who performed well on the beat synchronization task outscored their peers on all preliteracy measures and had more robust FFRs. Furthermore, the good synchronizers experienced less degradation of certain FFR measures when listening in noise. Together, our results are consistent with the view that rhythm, preliteracy, and auditory processing are interconnected during early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bonacina
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Stephanie Huang
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Travis White-Schwoch
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer Krizman
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Trent Nicol
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Nina Kraus
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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14
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Tierney A, Gomez JC, Fedele O, Kirkham NZ. Reading ability in children relates to rhythm perception across modalities. J Exp Child Psychol 2021; 210:105196. [PMID: 34090237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The onset of reading ability is rife with individual differences, with some children termed "early readers" and some falling behind from the very beginning. Reading skill in children has been linked to an ability to remember nonverbal rhythms, specifically in the auditory modality. It has been hypothesized that the link between rhythm skills and reading reflects a shared reliance on the ability to extract temporal structure from sound. Here we tested this hypothesis by investigating whether the link between rhythm memory and reading depends on the modality in which rhythms are presented. We tested 75 primary school-aged children aged 7-11 years on a within-participants battery of reading and rhythm tasks. Participants received a reading efficiency task followed by three rhythm tasks (auditory, visual, and audiovisual). Results showed that children who performed poorly on the reading task also performed poorly on the tasks that required them to remember and repeat back nonverbal rhythms. In addition, these children showed a rhythmic deficit not just in the auditory domain but also in the visual domain. However, auditory rhythm memory explained additional variance in reading ability even after controlling for visual memory. These results suggest that reading ability and rhythm memory rely both on shared modality-general cognitive processes and on the ability to perceive the temporal structure of sound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Tierney
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK.
| | - Jessica Cardona Gomez
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Oliver Fedele
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Natasha Z Kirkham
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK.
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15
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Bonacina S, Krizman J, White-Schwoch T, Nicol T, Kraus N. Clapping in Time With Feedback Relates Pervasively With Other Rhythmic Skills of Adolescents and Young Adults. Percept Mot Skills 2021; 128:952-968. [PMID: 33775177 DOI: 10.1177/00315125211000867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rhythmic expertise is a multidimensional skill set with clusters of distinct rhythmic abilities. For example, the ability to clap in time with feedback relates extensively to distinct beat- and pattern-based rhythmic skills in school-age children. In this study we aimed to determine whether clapping in time would relate to both beat- and pattern- based rhythmic tasks among adolescents and young adults. We assessed our participants on seven tasks: two beat-based tasks (Metronome and Tempo adaptation), two pattern-based tasks (Reproducing rhythmic patterns and Remembering rhythmic patterns), a self-paced drumming task, a task of drumming to a music beat, and a clapping in time task. We found that clapping in time correlated with all other rhythmic tasks, even though some were not mutually related to one another. These results provide insight into the taxonomy of rhythmic skills and support the practice of clapping in time with feedback as a means of developing broad spectrum rhythmic abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bonacina
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States.,Department of Communication Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States
| | - Jennifer Krizman
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States.,Department of Communication Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States
| | - Travis White-Schwoch
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States.,Department of Communication Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States
| | - Trent Nicol
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States.,Department of Communication Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States
| | - Nina Kraus
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States.,Department of Communication Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States.,Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States
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16
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Laffere A, Dick F, Holt LL, Tierney A. Attentional modulation of neural entrainment to sound streams in children with and without ADHD. Neuroimage 2020; 224:117396. [PMID: 32979522 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To extract meaningful information from complex auditory scenes like a noisy playground, rock concert, or classroom, children can direct attention to different sound streams. One means of accomplishing this might be to align neural activity with the temporal structure of a target stream, such as a specific talker or melody. However, this may be more difficult for children with ADHD, who can struggle with accurately perceiving and producing temporal intervals. In this EEG study, we found that school-aged children's attention to one of two temporally-interleaved isochronous tone 'melodies' was linked to an increase in phase-locking at the melody's rate, and a shift in neural phase that aligned the neural responses with the attended tone stream. Children's attention task performance and neural phase alignment with the attended melody were linked to performance on temporal production tasks, suggesting that children with more robust control over motor timing were better able to direct attention to the time points associated with the target melody. Finally, we found that although children with ADHD performed less accurately on the tonal attention task than typically developing children, they showed the same degree of attentional modulation of phase locking and neural phase shifts, suggesting that children with ADHD may have difficulty with attentional engagement rather than attentional selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aeron Laffere
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
| | - Fred Dick
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom; Division of Psychology & Language Sciences, UCL, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Lori L Holt
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Adam Tierney
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom.
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17
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Distinct rhythmic abilities align with phonological awareness and rapid naming in school-age children. Cogn Process 2020; 21:575-581. [PMID: 32607802 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-020-00984-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Difficulty in performing rhythmic tasks often co-occurs with literacy difficulties. Motivated by evidence showing that people can vary in their performance across different rhythmic tasks, we asked whether two rhythmic skills identified as distinct in school-age children and young adults would reveal similar or different relationships with two literacy skills known to be important for successful reading development. We addressed our question by focusing on 55 typically developing children (ages 5-8). Results show that drumming to a beat predicted the variability of rapid naming but not of phonological awareness, whereas tapping rhythmic patterns predicted phonological awareness, but not rapid naming. Our finding suggests that rhythmic interventions can be tailored to address PA and RAN deficits specifically in reading disabled children.
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18
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McPherson T, Berger D, Alagapan S, Fröhlich F. Active and Passive Rhythmic Music Therapy Interventions Differentially Modulate Sympathetic Autonomic Nervous System Activity. J Music Ther 2019; 56:240-264. [PMID: 31175814 DOI: 10.1093/jmt/thz007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been implicated in psychiatric disorders. Music therapy (MT) has been shown to modulate heart-rate variability (HRV) and salivary stress markers, physiological markers of the ANS and HPA axes, respectively. Given the prominent role of arousal and stress physiology in many psychiatric disorders, MT has the potential to provide therapeutic benefits in psychiatry. Active MT requires patients to engage rhythmically with music; in contrast, passive MT requires patients to listen to music, eliminating the rhythmic movement seen in active MT. Yet, it remains unknown whether active or passive MT differentially modulates arousal and stress physiology. We contrasted the effects of active and passive MT experiences to examine the differential impact of rhythmic movement on the ANS and HPA axes in healthy participants. Individuals (N = 16) participated in a crossover study of 40 min of an active MT and a passive MT intervention. HRV recordings and saliva samples were collected both before and after each intervention. The high-frequency component (HF) and the ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency components (LF/HF) were calculated as cardiac markers of parasympathetic and sympathetic ANS activation, respectively. Saliva samples were analyzed for alpha-amylase and cortisol, markers of the sympathetic ANS and HPA axes, respectively. Active MT and passive MT interventions differentially modulated LF/HF, where active MT decreased LF/HF and passive MT increased LF/HF. These results indicate that MT affects the ANS and suggests that differences in engagement between active MT and passive MT lead to a differential modulation of the sympathetic ANS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor McPherson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Carolina Center for Neurostimulation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dorita Berger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sankaraleengam Alagapan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Carolina Center for Neurostimulation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Flavio Fröhlich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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19
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Kachlicka M, Saito K, Tierney A. Successful second language learning is tied to robust domain-general auditory processing and stable neural representation of sound. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2019; 192:15-24. [PMID: 30831377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There is a great deal of individual variability in outcome in second language learning, the sources of which are still poorly understood. We hypothesized that individual differences in auditory processing may account for some variability in second language learning. We tested this hypothesis by examining psychoacoustic thresholds, auditory-motor temporal integration, and auditory neural encoding in adult native Polish speakers living in the UK. We found that precise English vowel perception and accurate English grammatical judgment were linked to lower psychoacoustic thresholds, better auditory-motor integration, and more consistent frequency-following responses to sound. Psychoacoustic thresholds and neural sound encoding explained independent variance in vowel perception, suggesting that they are dissociable indexes of sound processing. These results suggest that individual differences in second language acquisition success stem at least in part from domain-general difficulties with auditory perception, and that auditory training could help facilitate language learning in some individuals with specific auditory impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kachlicka
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom; Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Kazuya Saito
- Institute of Education, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Tierney
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom.
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20
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Intrinsic Rhythmicity Predicts Synchronization-Continuation Entrainment Performance. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11782. [PMID: 30082734 PMCID: PMC6079093 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29267-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhythmic entrainment-defined as a stable temporal relationship between external periodic signals and endogenous rhythmic processes-allows individuals to coordinate with environmental rhythms. However, the impact of inter-individual differences on entrainment processes as a function of the tempo of external periodic signals remain poorly understood. To better understand the effects of endogenous differences and varying tempos on rhythmic entrainment, 20 young healthy adults participated in a spontaneous motor tempo (SMT) task and synchronization-continuation tasks at three experimental tempos (50, 70, and 128 bpm; 1200, 857, and 469 ms inter onset interval (IOI)). We hypothesized that SMT task performance and tempo would influence externally paced synchronization-continuation task behavior. Indeed, intrinsic rhythmicity assessed through the SMT task predicted performance in the externally paced task, allowing us to characterize differences in entrainment behavior between participants with low and high endogenous rhythmicity. High rhythmicity individuals, defined by better SMT performance, deviated from externally paced pulses sooner than individuals with low rhythmicity, who were able to maintain externally paced pulses for longer. The magnitude of these behavioral differences depended on the experimental tempo of the synchronization-continuation task. Our results indicate that differences in intrinsic rhythmicity vary between individuals and relate to tempo-dependent entrainment performance.
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21
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Bonacina S, Krizman J, White-Schwoch T, Kraus N. Clapping in time parallels literacy and calls upon overlapping neural mechanisms in early readers. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1423:338-348. [PMID: 29754464 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The auditory system is extremely precise in processing the temporal information of perceptual events and using these cues to coordinate action. Synchronizing movement to a steady beat relies on this bidirectional connection between sensory and motor systems, and activates many of the auditory and cognitive processes used when reading. Here, we use Interactive Metronome, a clinical intervention technology requiring an individual to clap her hands in time with a steady beat, to investigate whether the links between literacy and synchronization skills, previously established in older children, are also evident in children who are learning to read. We tested 64 typically developing children (ages 5-7 years) on their synchronization abilities, neurophysiological responses to speech in noise, and literacy skills. We found that children who have lower variability in synchronizing have higher phase consistency, higher stability, and more accurate envelope encoding-all neurophysiological response components linked to language skills. Moreover, performing the same task with visual feedback reveals links with literacy skills, notably processing speed, phonological processing, word reading, spelling, morphology, and syntax. These results suggest that rhythm skills and literacy call on overlapping neural mechanisms, supporting the idea that rhythm training may boost literacy in part by engaging sensory-motor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bonacina
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
- Department of Communication Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Jennifer Krizman
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
- Department of Communication Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Travis White-Schwoch
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
- Department of Communication Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Nina Kraus
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
- Department of Communication Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
- Institute for Neuroscience, Evanston, Illinois
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
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22
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Gámez J, Yc K, Ayala YA, Dotov D, Prado L, Merchant H. Predictive rhythmic tapping to isochronous and tempo changing metronomes in the nonhuman primate. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1423:396-414. [PMID: 29707785 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Beat entrainment is the ability to entrain one's movements to a perceived periodic stimulus, such as a metronome or a pulse in music. Humans have a capacity to predictively respond to a periodic pulse and to dynamically adjust their movement timing to match the varying music tempos. Previous studies have shown that monkeys share some of the human capabilities for rhythmic entrainment, such as tapping regularly at the period of isochronous stimuli. However, it is still unknown whether monkeys can predictively entrain to dynamic tempo changes like humans. To address this question, we trained monkeys in three tapping tasks and compared their rhythmic entrainment abilities with those of humans. We found that, when immediate feedback about the timing of each movement is provided, monkeys can predictively entrain to an isochronous beat, generating tapping movements in anticipation of the metronome pulse. This ability also generalized to a novel untrained tempo. Notably, macaques can modify their tapping tempo by predicting the beat changes of accelerating and decelerating visual metronomes in a manner similar to humans. Our findings support the notion that nonhuman primates share with humans the ability of temporal anticipation during tapping to isochronous and smoothly changing sequences of stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Gámez
- Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Karyna Yc
- Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Yaneri A Ayala
- Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Dobromir Dotov
- Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Luis Prado
- Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Hugo Merchant
- Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
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23
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Ayala YA, Lehmann A, Merchant H. Monkeys share the neurophysiological basis for encoding sound periodicities captured by the frequency-following response with humans. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16687. [PMID: 29192170 PMCID: PMC5709359 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16774-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The extraction and encoding of acoustical temporal regularities are fundamental for human cognitive auditory abilities such as speech or beat entrainment. Because the comparison of the neural sensitivity to temporal regularities between human and animals is fundamental to relate non-invasive measures of auditory processing to their neuronal basis, here we compared the neural representation of auditory periodicities between human and non-human primates by measuring scalp-recorded frequency-following response (FFR). We found that rhesus monkeys can resolve the spectrotemporal structure of periodic stimuli to a similar extent as humans by exhibiting a homologous FFR potential to the speech syllable /da/. The FFR in both species is robust and phase-locked to the fundamental frequency of the sound, reflecting an effective neural processing of the fast-periodic information of subsyllabic cues. Our results thus reveal a conserved neural ability to track acoustical regularities within the primate order. These findings open the possibility to study the neurophysiology of complex sound temporal processing in the macaque subcortical and cortical areas, as well as the associated experience-dependent plasticity across the auditory pathway in behaving monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaneri A Ayala
- Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM, Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla No. 3001, Querétaro, Qro. 76230, Mexico.
| | - Alexandre Lehmann
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Center for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM), Pavillon 1420, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hugo Merchant
- Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM, Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla No. 3001, Querétaro, Qro. 76230, Mexico.
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Ravignani A, Madison G. The Paradox of Isochrony in the Evolution of Human Rhythm. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1820. [PMID: 29163252 PMCID: PMC5681750 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Isochrony is crucial to the rhythm of human music. Some neural, behavioral and anatomical traits underlying rhythm perception and production are shared with a broad range of species. These may either have a common evolutionary origin, or have evolved into similar traits under different evolutionary pressures. Other traits underlying rhythm are rare across species, only found in humans and few other animals. Isochrony, or stable periodicity, is common to most human music, but isochronous behaviors are also found in many species. It appears paradoxical that humans are particularly good at producing and perceiving isochronous patterns, although this ability does not conceivably confer any evolutionary advantage to modern humans. This article will attempt to solve this conundrum. To this end, we define the concept of isochrony from the present functional perspective of physiology, cognitive neuroscience, signal processing, and interactive behavior, and review available evidence on isochrony in the signals of humans and other animals. We then attempt to resolve the paradox of isochrony by expanding an evolutionary hypothesis about the function that isochronous behavior may have had in early hominids. Finally, we propose avenues for empirical research to examine this hypothesis and to understand the evolutionary origin of isochrony in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ravignani
- Language and Cognition Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Veterinary and Research Department, Sealcentre Pieterburen, Pieterburen, Netherlands.,Artificial Intelligence Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guy Madison
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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