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Ilijin L, Mrdaković M, Todorović D, Vlahović M, Grčić A, Filipović A, Perić-Mataruga V. Biological effects of chronic exposure of Blaptica dubia (Blattodea: Blaberidae) nymphs to static and extremely low frequency magnetic fields. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20190118. [PMID: 34105607 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120190118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we analyzed the effects of chronic exposure (5 months) to static magnetic field (110 mT; SMF) and extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF MF; 10 mT, 50 Hz) on Blaptica dubia nymphs. We have examined acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) level, two sensitive biomarkers of stress in terrestrial insects. Relative growth rate (RGR), as a life history trait, was estimated. AChE activity was determined spectrophotometrically and HSP70 levels were quantified using indirect non-competitive ELISA and Western blotting. Calculated RGR was significantly changed upon exposure to both types of ambiental MFs. The effects of chronic exposure of B. dubia nymphs to SMF and ELF MF (50 Hz) were observed as decreased activity of AChE. The increased level of HSP70 was present only after exposure to SMF. The strength of ELF MF was most likely below the energy level needed to induce the expression of this stress protein. Different patterns of the expression of two HSP70 isoforms, where isoform 2 was sensitive only to SMF, are most likely a possibly switch - off in the expression of constitutive and/or inducible HSP70 isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Ilijin
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Serbia
| | - Marija Mrdaković
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Serbia
| | - Dajana Todorović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Serbia
| | - Milena Vlahović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Serbia
| | - Anja Grčić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Filipović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Serbia
| | - Vesna Perić-Mataruga
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Serbia
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Lee KS, Dumke R, Paterek T. Numerical tests of magnetoreception models assisted with behavioral experiments on American cockroaches. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12221. [PMID: 34108599 PMCID: PMC8190300 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91815-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Many animals display sensitivity to external magnetic field, but it is only in the simplest organisms that the sensing mechanism is understood. Here we report on behavioural experiments where American cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) were subjected to periodically rotated external magnetic fields with a period of 10 min. The insects show increased activity when placed in a periodically rotated Earth-strength field, whereas this effect is diminished in a twelve times stronger periodically rotated field. We analyse established models of magnetoreception, the magnetite model and the radical pair model, in light of this adaptation result. A broad class of magnetite models, based on single-domain particles found in insects and assumption that better alignment of magnetic grains towards the external field yields better sensing and higher insect activity, is shown to be excluded by the measured data. The radical-pair model explains the data if we assume that contrast in the chemical yield on the order of one in a thousand is perceivable by the animal, and that there also exists a threshold value for detection, attained in an Earth-strength field but not in the stronger field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sheng Lee
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371 Singapore
| | - Rainer Dumke
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371 Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543 Singapore
| | - Tomasz Paterek
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371 Singapore ,grid.8585.00000 0001 2370 4076Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics, and Informatics, University of Gdańsk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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Wyeth RC, Holden T, Jalala H, Murray JA. Rare-Earth Magnets Influence Movement Patterns of the Magnetically Sensitive Nudibranch Tritonia exsulans in Its Natural Habitat. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2021; 240:105-117. [PMID: 33939940 DOI: 10.1086/713663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe nudibranch Tritonia exsulans (previously Tritonia diomedea) is known to have behaviors and neurons that can be modified by perturbations of the Earth's magnetic field. There is no definitive evidence for how this magnetic sense is used in nature. Using an exploratory approach, we tested for possible effects of magnetic perturbations based on underwater video of crawling patterns in the slugs' natural habitat, with magnets of varying strength deployed on the substrate. For analysis, we used a paired comparison of tracks of animals between segments 25-50 cm distant from the magnets and segments of the same tracks 0-25 cm from the magnets, to determine whether any differences depended on the strength of the magnet. Most track measurements (length, displacement, velocity, and tortuosity) showed no such differences. However, effects were observed for the changes in track headings between successive points. These results showed that tracks had relatively higher heading variability when they moved closer to stronger magnets. We suggest that this supports a hypothesis that T. exsulans continuously uses a magnetic sense to help maintain straight-line navigation. Further specific testing of the hypothesis is now needed to verify this new possibility for how animals can benefit from a compass sense.
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Yanagawa A, Tomaru M, Kajiwara A, Nakajima H, Quemener EDL, Steyer JP, Mitani T. Impact of 2.45 GHz Microwave Irradiation on the Fruit Fly, Drosophila melanogaster. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11090598. [PMID: 32899629 PMCID: PMC7564283 DOI: 10.3390/insects11090598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The physiological and behavioral influences of 2.45 GHz microwaves on Drosophila melanogaster were examined. This study indicated that there was no concern regarding the thermal effects of microwave irradiation for levels of daily usage if it is traveling waves. However, it still gave non-thermal effects. We detected genotoxicity and behavioral alterations associated with travelling wave irradiation. Electron spin resonance (ESR) revealed that fruit flies possessed paramagnetic substances in the body such as Fe3+, Cu2+, Mn2+, and organic radicals, and the behavioral tests supported the microwave susceptibility of the insects. Abstract The physiological and behavioral influences of 2.45 GHz microwaves on Drosophila melanogaster were examined. Standing waves transitioned into heat energy effectively when passing through the insect body. On the contrary, travelling waves did not transit into heat energy in the insect body. This indicated that there was no concern regarding the thermal effects of microwave irradiation for levels of daily usage. However, we detected genotoxicity and behavioral alterations associated with travelling wave irradiation, which can be attributed to the non-thermal effects of the waves. Electron spin resonance (ESR) revealed that fruit flies possessed paramagnetic substances in the body such as Fe3+, Cu2+, Mn2+, and organic radicals. The temperature dependent intensities of these paramagnetic substances indicated that females possessed more of the components susceptible to electromagnetic waves than males, and the behavioral tests supported the differences between the sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Yanagawa
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan;
- Correspondence: (A.Y.); (E.D.-L.Q.)
| | - Masatoshi Tomaru
- Department of Drosophila Genomics and Genetic Resources, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 616-8354, Japan;
| | - Atsushi Kajiwara
- Nara University of Education, Takabatake-cho, Nara 630-8528, Japan;
| | - Hiroki Nakajima
- Department of Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan;
| | - Elie Desmond-Le Quemener
- INRAE, Univ Montpellier, LBE, 102 avenue des Etangs, 11100 Narbonne, France;
- Correspondence: (A.Y.); (E.D.-L.Q.)
| | | | - Tomohiko Mitani
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan;
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Todorović D, Ilijin L, Mrdaković M, Vlahović M, Filipović A, Grčić A, Perić-Mataruga V. Long-term exposure of cockroach Blaptica dubia (Insecta: Blaberidae) nymphs to magnetic fields of different characteristics: effects on antioxidant biomarkers and nymphal gut mass. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:1185-1193. [PMID: 30822251 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1589017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The main goal of this study was to analyze the long-term effects of static (SMF) and extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELF MF) on nymphal gut mass and antioxidant biomarkers in this tissue of cockroach Blaptica dubia. Materials and methods: One-month-old nymphs were exposed to magnetic field (MF) for 5 months in three experimental groups: control, exposure to SMF (110 mT) and exposure to ELF MF (50 Hz, 10 mT). Results: The gut masses of the MF groups were significantly lower when compared to control. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were markedly higher than for the control and the differences between the MF groups were statistically significant only for SOD. The applied MF had no effect on total glutathione (GSH) content. Glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities were significantly lower in both MF groups in comparison to the control. There was a significant difference between MF groups for GR activity. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that CAT and GST were the main factors contributing to the differentiation of the control group from the treated experimental groups along PCA 1, and SOD and GR along PCA 2. PCA revealed clear separation between experimental groups depends on antioxidant biomarker response. Conclusion: The applied magnetic fields could be considered a potential stressor influencing gut mass, as well as examined antioxidative biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajana Todorović
- a Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Larisa Ilijin
- a Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Marija Mrdaković
- a Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Milena Vlahović
- a Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Filipović
- a Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Anja Grčić
- a Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Vesna Perić-Mataruga
- a Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
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Ectosymbionts alter spontaneous responses to the Earth's magnetic field in a crustacean. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3105. [PMID: 30816116 PMCID: PMC6395607 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38404-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic sensing is used to structure every-day, non-migratory behaviours in many animals. We show that crayfish exhibit robust spontaneous magnetic alignment responses. These magnetic behaviours are altered by interactions with Branchiobdellidan worms, which are obligate ectosymbionts. Branchiobdellidan worms have previously been shown to have positive effects on host growth when present at moderate densities, and negative effects at relatively high densities. Here we show that crayfish with moderate densities of symbionts aligned bimodally along the magnetic northeast-southwest axis, similar to passive magnetic alignment responses observed across a range of stationary vertebrates. In contrast, crayfish with high symbiont densities failed to exhibit consistent alignment relative to the magnetic field. Crayfish without symbionts shifted exhibited quadramodal magnetic alignment and were more active. These behavioural changes suggest a change in the organization of spatial behaviour with increasing ectosymbiont densities. We propose that the increased activity and a switch to quadramodal magnetic alignment may be associated with the use of systematic search strategies. Such a strategy could increase contact-rates with conspecifics in order to replenish the beneficial ectosymbionts that only disperse between hosts during direct contact. Our results demonstrate that crayfish perceive and respond to magnetic fields, and that symbionts influence magnetically structured spatial behaviour of their hosts.
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Weijers D, Hemerik L, Heitkönig IMA. An experimental approach in revisiting the magnetic orientation of cattle. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0187848. [PMID: 29641517 PMCID: PMC5894954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to the increasing number of observational studies on an apparent south-north orientation in non-homing, non-migrating terrestrial mammals, we experimentally tested the alignment hypothesis using strong neodymium magnets on the resting orientation of individual cattle in Portugal. Contrary to the hypothesis, the 34 cows in the experiment showed no directional preference, neither with, nor without a strong neodymium magnet fixed to their collar. The concurrently performed 2,428 daytime observations—excluding the hottest part of the day—of 659 resting individual cattle did not show a south-north alignment when at rest either. The preferred compass orientation of these cows was on average 130 degrees from the magnetic north (i.e., south east). Cow compass orientation correlated significantly with sun direction, but not with wind direction. In as far as we can determine, this is the first experimental test on magnetic orientation in larger, non-homing, non-migrating mammals. These experimental and observational findings do not support previously published suggestions on the magnetic south-north alignment in these mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debby Weijers
- Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lia Hemerik
- Biometris, Wageningen University and Research, Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Kong LJ, Crepaz H, Górecka A, Urbanek A, Dumke R, Paterek T. In-vivo biomagnetic characterisation of the American cockroach. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5140. [PMID: 29572509 PMCID: PMC5865160 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a quantitative method, utilising a highly sensitive quantum sensor, that extends applicability of magnetorelaxometry to biological samples at physiological temperature. The observed magnetic fields allow for non-invasive determination of physical properties of magnetic materials and their surrounding environment inside the specimen. The method is applied to American cockroaches and reveals magnetic deposits with strikingly different behaviour in alive and dead insects. We discuss consequences of this finding to cockroach magneto-reception. To our knowledge, this work represents the first characterisation of the magnetisation dynamics in live insects and helps to connect results from behavioural experiments on insects in magnetic fields with characterisation of magnetic materials in their corpses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Jun Kong
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.,MOE Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Herbert Crepaz
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.,Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Agnieszka Górecka
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.,School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800, Australia
| | - Aleksandra Urbanek
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Parasitology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland
| | - Rainer Dumke
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.,Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Tomasz Paterek
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore. .,Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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Pleskač L, Hart V, Nováková P, Painter MS. Spatial orientation of foraging corvids consistent with spontaneous magnetic alignment responses observed in a variety of free-roaming vertebrates. FOLIA ZOOLOGICA 2017. [DOI: 10.25225/fozo.v66.i2.a3.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Pleskač
- Department of Game Management and Wildlife Biology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha 6, Czech Republic;, , ,
| | - Vlastimil Hart
- Department of Game Management and Wildlife Biology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha 6, Czech Republic;, , ,
| | - Petra Nováková
- Department of Game Management and Wildlife Biology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha 6, Czech Republic;, , ,
| | - Michael S. Painter
- Department of Game Management and Wildlife Biology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha 6, Czech Republic;, , ,
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Spontaneous magnetic alignment behaviour in free-living lizards. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 2017; 104:13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00114-017-1439-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Malkemper EP, Painter MS, Landler L. Shifted magnetic alignment in vertebrates: Evidence for neural lateralization? J Theor Biol 2016; 399:141-7. [PMID: 27059891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A wealth of evidence provides support for magnetic alignment (MA) behavior in a variety of disparate species within the animal kingdom, in which an animal, or a group of animals, show a tendency to align the body axis in a consistent orientation relative to the geomagnetic field lines. Interestingly, among vertebrates, MA typically coincides with the north-south magnetic axis, however, the mean directional preferences of an individual or group of organisms is often rotated clockwise from the north-south axis. We hypothesize that this shift is not a coincidence, and future studies of this subtle, yet consistent phenomenon may help to reveal some properties of the underlying sensory or processing mechanisms, that, to date, are not well understood. Furthermore, characterizing the fine structure exhibited in MA behaviors may provide key insights to the biophysical substrates mediating magnetoreception in vertebrates. Therefore, in order to determine if a consistent shift is exhibited in taxonomically diverse vertebrates, we performed a meta-analysis on published MA datasets from 23 vertebrate species that exhibited an axial north-south preference. This analysis revealed a significant clockwise shift from the north-south magnetic axis. We summarize and discuss possible competing hypotheses regarding the proximate mechanisms underlying the clockwise shifted MA and conclude that the most likely cause of such a shift would be a lateralization in central processing of magnetic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pascal Malkemper
- Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse. 2, 45117 Essen, Germany; Department of Game Management and Wildlife Biology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michael S Painter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Lukas Landler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America; Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria.
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Luchiari AC. How Betta splendens finds its way. Behav Processes 2016; 124:47-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Slaby P, Tomanova K, Vacha M. Cattle on pastures do align along the North–South axis, but the alignment depends on herd density. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2013; 199:695-701. [DOI: 10.1007/s00359-013-0827-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Begall S, Malkemper EP, Červený J, Němec P, Burda H. Magnetic alignment in mammals and other animals. Mamm Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Painter MS, Dommer DH, Altizer WW, Muheim R, Phillips JB. Spontaneous magnetic orientation in larval Drosophila shares properties with learned magnetic compass responses in adult flies and mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 216:1307-16. [PMID: 23239891 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.077404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We provide evidence for spontaneous quadramodal magnetic orientation in a larval insect. Second instar Berlin, Canton-S and Oregon-R × Canton-S strains of Drosophila melanogaster exhibited quadramodal orientation with clusters of bearings along the four anti-cardinal compass directions (i.e. 45, 135, 225 and 315 deg). In double-blind experiments, Canton-S Drosophila larvae also exhibited quadramodal orientation in the presence of an earth-strength magnetic field, while this response was abolished when the horizontal component of the magnetic field was cancelled, indicating that the quadramodal behavior is dependent on magnetic cues, and that the spontaneous alignment response may reflect properties of the underlying magnetoreception mechanism. In addition, a re-analysis of data from studies of learned magnetic compass orientation by adult Drosophila melanogaster and C57BL/6 mice revealed patterns of response similar to those exhibited by larval flies, suggesting that a common magnetoreception mechanism may underlie these behaviors. Therefore, characterizing the mechanism(s) of magnetoreception in flies may hold the key to understanding the magnetic sense in a wide array of terrestrial organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Painter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), 2119 Derring Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0406, USA.
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Hart V, Kušta T, Němec P, Bláhová V, Ježek M, Nováková P, Begall S, Červený J, Hanzal V, Malkemper EP, Štípek K, Vole C, Burda H. Magnetic alignment in carps: evidence from the Czech christmas fish market. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51100. [PMID: 23227241 PMCID: PMC3515494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While magnetoreception in birds has been studied intensively, the literature on magnetoreception in bony fish, and particularly in non-migratory fish, is quite scarce. We examined alignment of common carps (Cyprinus carpio) at traditional Christmas sale in the Czech Republic. The sample comprised measurements of the directional bearings in 14,537 individual fish, distributed among 80 large circular plastic tubs, at 25 localities in the Czech Republic, during 817 sampling sessions, on seven subsequent days in December 2011. We found that carps displayed a statistically highly significant spontaneous preference to align their bodies along the North-South axis. In the absence of any other common orientation cues which could explain this directional preference, we attribute the alignment of the fish to the geomagnetic field lines. It is apparent that the display of magnetic alignment is a simple experimental paradigm of great heuristic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlastimil Hart
- Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kušta
- Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Němec
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Bláhová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Ježek
- Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Nováková
- Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Sabine Begall
- Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jaroslav Červený
- Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Hanzal
- Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Erich Pascal Malkemper
- Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kamil Štípek
- Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Christiane Vole
- Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hynek Burda
- Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic
- Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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A cybernetic perspective on food protection in rats: simple rules can generate complex and adaptable behaviour. Anim Behav 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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