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Rossi N, Pantaleão JAF, Mantelatto FL. Integrated morphometric and molecular analyses indicate three male morphotypes in the freshwater prawn
Macrobrachium olfersii
(Decapoda, Palaemonidae) along the Brazilian neotropical region. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natália Rossi
- Laboratory of Bioecology and Crustacean Systematics (LBSC), Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters at Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP) University of São Paulo (USP) Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - João Alberto Farinelli Pantaleão
- Laboratory of Bioecology and Crustacean Systematics (LBSC), Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters at Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP) University of São Paulo (USP) Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Fernando L. Mantelatto
- Laboratory of Bioecology and Crustacean Systematics (LBSC), Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters at Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP) University of São Paulo (USP) Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
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Ying N, Wang Y, Song X, Qin B, Wu Y, Yang L, Fang W. Transcriptome analysis of Macrobrachium rosenbergii: Identification of precocious puberty and slow-growing information. J Invertebr Pathol 2022; 190:107752. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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3
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Barki A, Cnaani A, Biran J. How does temperature affect aggression during and after dominance hierarchy formation in Nile tilapia? Appl Anim Behav Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2022.105563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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4
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P. Rios D, A. F. Pantaleão J, L. Hirose G. Occurrence of male morphotypes in the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium acanthurus Wiegmann, 1836 (Decapoda, Palaemonidae). INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2021.1980442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David P. Rios
- Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão (SE), Rosa Elze, Brazil
| | - João A. F. Pantaleão
- Laboratory of Bioecology and Crustacean Systematics (LBSC), Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters at Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Gustavo L. Hirose
- Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão (SE), Rosa Elze, Brazil
- NEBECC: Group of Studies on Crustacean Biology, Ecology and Culture, São Paulo State Unversity, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, Botucatu, Brazil
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Rappaport SD, Lord JP. Linear Dominance Hierarchies in Female Grass Shrimp Palaemon pugio. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2021; 241:208-216. [PMID: 34706204 DOI: 10.1086/716227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe grass shrimp Palaemon pugio is an abundant and ecologically important species in estuarine habitats in the northwest Atlantic and is commonly used as an indicator species for environmental contamination, but little is known about its behavior. We examined aggression and dominance in P. pugio by using experimental arenas and groups of five shrimp that were observed an hour at a time for three days in the laboratory. Female shrimp showed high levels of initial aggression that quickly decreased over time, suggesting the formation of a dominance hierarchy. The dominance hierarchy between groups of females appeared linear, with shrimp at five distinct ranks in most replicates and higher-ranked individuals dominating lower-ranked ones. Dominance was significantly correlated with cheliped size but not body size, suggesting that larger chelipeds in female P. pugio may have evolved as a tool to establish dominance, perhaps to gain access to shelter in salt marshes, seagrass beds, or oyster reefs. Grass shrimp are preyed upon by a wide range of estuarine fish, and females are especially vulnerable; so securing access to shelter may provide a major selective advantage, with the dominance hierarchy evolving to save energy through a long-term reduction in fighting over resources.
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Lord JP, Moser RM, Buonocore EM, Sylvester EE, Morales MJ, Granitz AP, Disipio A, Blakely E, O'Sullivan-Evangelista SL, Mateo TF, Chlebove GJ, Carey CM, Lucas O. Dominance Hierarchies in Marine Invertebrates. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2021; 240:2-15. [PMID: 33730537 DOI: 10.1086/712973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
AbstractDominance hierarchies have been well studied in myriad terrestrial animals, but surprisingly little is known about hierarchies in marine invertebrates; examples are limited to a few species of decapod crustaceans and cephalopods. Is the marine environment less conducive to the establishment of dominance hierarchy structures, or does this just underline the lack of detailed behavioral information about most marine invertebrates? In this review, we highlight the published information about marine invertebrate dominance hierarchies, which involve ranks established through fights or displays. We focus on the method of hierarchy formation, examine the ecological implications of this population structure, and compare the habitat and behavioral characteristics of species that exhibit this behavior. Because dominance hierarchies can influence habitat use, population distributions, energetics, mating, resource exploitation, and population genetic structure, it is crucial to understand how this trait evolves and which species are likely to exhibit it. A better understanding of marine invertebrate hierarchies could change the way we think about population dynamics of some species and could have important implications for fisheries, conservation, or even modeling of social and economic inequality.
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VanMaurik LN, Wortham JL. Grooming as a secondary behavior in the shrimp Macrobrachiumrosenbergii (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea). Zookeys 2015:55-77. [PMID: 25561831 PMCID: PMC4283365 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.457.6292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachiumrosenbergii, is a large shrimp extensively used in aquaculture whose grooming behaviors were analyzed in this study. Macrobrachiumrosenbergii exhibits three unique male morphotypes that differ in their behavior, morphology and physiology: small-clawed males (SM), orange-clawed males (OC) and blue-clawed males (BC). The largest and most dominant males, BC males, are predicted to have significantly different grooming behaviors compared to females and the other two male morphotypes. These BC males may be too large and bulky to efficiently groom and may dedicate more time to mating and agonistic interactions than grooming behaviors. Observations were conducted to look at the prevalence of grooming behaviors in the absence and presence of conspecifics and to determine if any differences in grooming behavior exist among the sexes and male morphotypes. Significant differences in the grooming behaviors of all individuals (females and male morphotypes) were found. BC males tended to have the highest grooming time budget (percent of time spent grooming) while SM males had a relatively low grooming time budget. The grooming behaviors of the male morphotypes differed, indicating while these males play distinct, separate roles in the social hierarchy, they also have different grooming priorities. The conditions in which Macrobrachiumrosenbergii are cultured may result in increased body fouling, which may vary, depending on the grooming efficiencies and priorities of these male morphotypes. Overall, grooming behaviors were found to be a secondary behavior which only occurred when primary behaviors such as mating, feeding or fighting were not present.
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Wortham JL, Vanmaurik LN, Wayne Price W. Setal morphology of the grooming appendages of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Palaemonidae) and review of decapod setal classification. J Morphol 2014; 275:634-49. [PMID: 24500885 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Setae are vital in grooming activities and aiding in the removal of epibionts and sedimentary fouling from the body surfaces of decapod crustaceans. Thus, the setal structures and their arrangement on the grooming appendages and sensory structures of the commercially important shrimp, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Macrobrachium rosenbergii is extensively grown in aquaculture and exhibits unique male morphological forms, termed morphotypes. The three male morphotypes are termed blue-clawed males, orange-clawed males, and small-clawed or undifferentiated males and all three differ in their dominance, behavior, body morphology, and reproductive success. Seven setal types, two of which have never been described in the literature, are identified on the grooming appendages (third maxillipeds, first, second, and fifth pereopods) and antennae: simple, serrate, serrulate, spiniform, pappose, crinoid, and spinulate. The latter two setae are newly identified. Certain setal types, such as serrate and serrulate setae were located and associated with specific grooming appendages such as the first pereopods. The types of setae on the grooming appendages varied among females and male morphotypes and the novel setal types (crinoid and spinulate) were found only on two of the male morphotypes. A literature review of terminology related to the structure of setae and setal types in decapod crustaceans is offered as the usage of various terms is ambiguous and conflicting in the literature. The intention of this review is to provide future authors with a comprehensive collection of terms and images that can be used to describe various aspects of setal morphology in decapods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Wortham
- College of Natural Health and Sciences, University of Tampa, Tampa, Florida, 33606
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Rojas R, Morales MC, Rivadeneira MM, Thiel M. Male morphotypes in the Andean river shrimp Cryphiops caementarius (Decapoda: Caridea): morphology, coloration and injuries. J Zool (1987) 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2012.00922.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Rojas
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar; Universidad Católica del Norte; Coquimbo; Chile
| | - M. C. Morales
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar; Universidad Católica del Norte; Coquimbo; Chile
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Reyes-Colón D, Vázquez-Acevedo N, Rivera NM, Jezzini SH, Rosenthal J, Ruiz-Rodríguez EA, Baro DJ, Kohn AB, Moroz LL, Sosa MA. Cloning and distribution of a putative octopamine/tyramine receptor in the central nervous system of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Brain Res 2010; 1348:42-54. [PMID: 20558147 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is ample evidence linking octopamine (OA) and tyramine (TA) to several neurophysiological functions in arthropods. In our laboratory we use the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii to study the neural basis of aggressive behavior. As a first step towards understanding the possible role of these amines and their receptors in the modulation of interactive behaviors, we have cloned a putative octopamine/tyramine receptor. The predicted sequence of the cloned OA/TA(Mac) receptor consists of 1,579 base pairs (bp), with an open reading frame of 1,350bp that encodes a 450 amino acid protein. This putative protein displays sequence identities of 70% to an Aedes aegypti mosquito TA receptor, followed by 60% to a Stegomyia aegypti mosquito OA receptor, 59% and 58% to the migratory locust TA-1 and -2 receptors respectively, and 57% with the silkworm OA receptor. We also mapped the OA/TA(Mac) receptor distribution by in-situ hybridization to the receptor's mRNA, and by immunohistochemistry to its protein. We observed stained cell bodies for the receptor's mRNA, mainly in the midline region of the thoracic and in the abdominal ganglia, as well as diffuse staining in the brain ganglia. For the receptor's protein, we observed extensive punctate staining within the neuropil and on the membrane of specific groups of neurons in all ganglia throughout the CNS, including the brain, the midline region and neuropiles of the thoracic ganglia, and ventral part and neuropiles of the abdominal ganglia. The same pattern of stained cells was observed on the thoracic and abdominal ganglia in both in-situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry experiments. Diffuse staining observed with in-situ hybridization also coincides with punctate staining observed in brain, SEG, thoracic, and abdominal ganglia in immunohistochemical preparations. This work provides the first step towards characterizing the neural networks that mediate octopaminergic signaling in prawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalynés Reyes-Colón
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
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Vázquez-Acevedo N, Reyes-Colón D, Ruíz-Rodríguez EA, Rivera NM, Rosenthal J, Kohn AB, Moroz LL, Sosa MA. Cloning and immunoreactivity of the 5-HT 1Mac and 5-HT 2Mac receptors in the central nervous system of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. J Comp Neurol 2009; 513:399-416. [PMID: 19184976 PMCID: PMC2719784 DOI: 10.1002/cne.21979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Biogenic amines are implicated in several mental disorders, many of which involve social interactions. Simple model systems, such as crustaceans, are often more amenable than vertebrates for studying mechanisms underlying behaviors. Although various cellular responses of biogenic amines have been characterized in crustaceans, the mechanisms linking these molecules to behavior remain largely unknown. Observed effects of serotonin receptor agonists and antagonists in abdomen posture, escape responses, and fighting have led to the suggestion that biogenic amine receptors may play a role in modulating interactive behaviors. As a first step in understanding this potential role of such receptors, we have cloned and fully sequenced two serotonin receptors, 5-HT(1Mac) and 5-HT(2Mac), from the CNS of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii and have mapped their CNS immunohistochemical distribution. 5-HT(1Mac) was found primarily on the membranes of subsets of cells in all CNS ganglia, in fibers that traverse all CNS regions, and in the cytoplasm of a small number of cells in the brain and circum- and subesophageal ganglia (SEG), most of which also appear to contain dopamine. The pattern of 5-HT(2Mac) immunoreactivity was found to differ significantly; it was found mostly in the central neuropil area of all ganglia, in glomeruli of the brain's olfactory lobes, and in the cytoplasm of a small number of neurons in the SEG, thoracic, and some abdominal ganglia. The observed differences in terms of localization, distribution within cells, and intensity of immunoreactive staining throughout the prawn's CNS suggest that these receptors are likely to play different roles.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies
- Blotting, Western
- Central Nervous System/metabolism
- Conserved Sequence
- Dopamine/metabolism
- Evolution, Molecular
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Palaemonidae/genetics
- Palaemonidae/metabolism
- Phylogeny
- Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT1/genetics
- Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT1/metabolism
- Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT2/genetics
- Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT2/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Nietzell Vázquez-Acevedo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936 USA
- Institute of Neurobiology, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936 USA
| | - Dalynés Reyes-Colón
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936 USA
- Institute of Neurobiology, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936 USA
| | - Eduardo A. Ruíz-Rodríguez
- Institute of Neurobiology, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936 USA
- Department of Social Sciences, Cayey Campus, University of Puerto Rico, Cayey, Puerto Rico 00736 USA
| | - Nilsa M. Rivera
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936 USA
- Institute of Neurobiology, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936 USA
| | - Joshua Rosenthal
- Institute of Neurobiology, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936 USA
| | - Andrea B. Kohn
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, St. Augustine, Florida 32080 USA
| | - Leonid L. Moroz
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, St. Augustine, Florida 32080 USA
| | - María A. Sosa
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936 USA
- Institute of Neurobiology, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936 USA
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Sanvito S, Galimberti F, Miller EH. Having a big nose: structure, ontogeny, and function of the elephant seal proboscis. CAN J ZOOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1139/z06-193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The proboscis of male elephant seals ( Mirounga Gray, 1827) has been suggested as an example of a secondary sexual trait since Darwin. There has been much speculation about its social function (e.g., optical signal of breeding status, amplification of vocalizations, cue for female choice). However, it has never been studied in detail, probably because its fleshy nature makes measurement difficult. In this paper, we employ photogrammetry to measure the proboscis and facial morphology of a large sample of wild, unrestrained, displaying male southern elephant seals ( Mirounga leonina (L., 1758)). We describe ontogeny and allometry of the proboscis and analyze current phenotypic selection pressures on proboscis traits. We discuss the potential role of the proboscis in optical and acoustic signaling of male resource-holding potential and status. We demonstrate that proboscis size is positively correlated with age and body size independently, and that it is currently under a positive sexual selection pressure when the effect of selection on body size is removed. We suggest that selection on proboscis size is functionally related to the emission of agonistic vocalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Sanvito
- Department of Biology, Memorial University, St. John’s NL A1B 3X9, Canada
- Elephant Seal Research Group, Sea Lion Island, Falkland Islands
| | - Filippo Galimberti
- Department of Biology, Memorial University, St. John’s NL A1B 3X9, Canada
- Elephant Seal Research Group, Sea Lion Island, Falkland Islands
| | - Edward H. Miller
- Department of Biology, Memorial University, St. John’s NL A1B 3X9, Canada
- Elephant Seal Research Group, Sea Lion Island, Falkland Islands
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Abstract
The structure, growth, differentiation and function of crustacean chelipeds are reviewed. In many decapod crustaceans growth of chelae is isometric with allometry level reaching unity till the puberty moult. Afterwards the same trend continues in females, while in males there is a marked spurt in the level of allometry accompanied by a sudden increase in the relative size of chelae. Subsequently they are differentiated morphologically into crusher and cutter making them heterochelous and sexually dimorphic. Of the two, the major chela is used during agonistic encounters while the minor is used for prey capture and grooming. Various biotic and abiotic factors exert a negative effect on cheliped growth. The dimorphic growth pattern of chelae can be adversely affected by factors such as parasitic infection and substrate conditions. Display patterns of chelipeds have an important role in agonistic and aggressive interactions. Of the five pairs of pereiopods, the chelae are versatile organs of offence and defence which also make them the most vulnerable for autotomy. Regeneration of the autotomized chelipeds imposes an additional energy demand called "regeneration load" on the incumbent, altering energy allocation for somatic and/or reproductive processes. Partial withdrawal of chelae leading to incomplete exuviation is reported for the first time in the laboratory and field in Macrobrachium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mariappan
- Crustacean Aquaculture and Behaviour Unit (CRABU), Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli 620 024, India
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Hazlett BA, McLay C. Contingencies in the behaviour of the crab Heterozius rotundifrons. Anim Behav 2000; 59:965-974. [PMID: 10860523 DOI: 10.1006/anbe.1999.1417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We recorded the responses of individual intertidal crabs, Heterozius rotundifrons, to stimuli presented singly and in combinations in the laboratory. Undisturbed crabs did not respond to the introduction of odour from a crushed conspecific but did respond strongly to food odour. Undisturbed crabs responded equally to food odour alone and a combination of food and odour from a crushed conspecific. When tactile stimulation was applied, as when the crab is grasped by a predator, individual H. rotunidfrons assumed a rigid, appendage-extended posture for several minutes. Tests with predatory fish showed that this catatonic posture is a very effective predator-defence mechanism. The duration of the catatonic state was decreased by the addition of food odour but increased by the addition of alarm odour (crushed conspecific) or the combination of alarm and food odours. Thus, which chemical stimulus was dominant was reversed by tactile input (i.e. dominance was contingent upon context). The effect of alarm odour on food odour responses lasted 4 h. Visual input in the form of a shadow passing over the crabs, either before or after tactile induction of the catatonic state, also increased the duration of that state. However, the duration of the catatonic state following exposure to both cues associated with danger (shadow+alarm odour) was similar to that of the control level. The crabs appeared to switch strategies when three cues associated with danger (tactile grasping, alarm odour and shadows) were detected, either simultaneously or over a 4-h period. The results illustrate the highly contingent nature of the behaviour of these crabs. Copyright 2000 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- BA Hazlett
- Department of Biology, University of Michigan
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Barki A, Harpaz S, Karplus I. Contradictory asymmetries in body and weapon size, and assessment in fighting male prawns,Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Aggress Behav 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2337(1997)23:2<81::aid-ab1>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Barki A, Karplus I, Goren M. Effects of size and morphotype on dominance hierarchies and resource competition in the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Anim Behav 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-3472(92)90064-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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