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Forg S, Guo X, von Klitzing R. Influence of Dopamine Methacrylamide on Swelling Behavior and Nanomechanical Properties of PNIPAM Microgels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:1521-1534. [PMID: 38146181 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The combination of the catechol-containing comonomer dopamine methacrylamide (DMA) with stimuli-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgels bears a huge potential in research and for applications due to the versatile properties of catechols. This research gives the first detailed insights into the influence of DMA on the swelling of PNIPAM microgels and their nanomechanical properties. Dynamic light scattering measurements showed that DMA decreases the volume phase transition temperature and completion temperature due to its higher hydrophobicity when compared to NIPAM, while sharpening the transition. The cross-linking ability of DMA decreases the swelling ratios and mesh sizes of the microgels. Microgels adsorbed at the solid surface are characterized by atomic force microscopy─as the DMA content increases, microgels protrude more from the surface. Force spectroscopy measurements below and above the volume phase transition temperature display a stiffening of the microgels with the incorporation of DMA and upon heating across its entire cross section as evidenced by an increase in the E modulus. This confirms the cross-linking ability of DMA. The affine network factor β, derived from the Flory-Rehner theory, is linearly correlated with the E moduli of both pure PNIPAM and P(NIPAM-co-DMA) microgels. However, large DMA amounts hinder the microgel shrinking while maintaining mechanical stiffness, possibly due to catechol interactions within the microgel network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Forg
- Soft Matter at Interfaces (SMI), Institute for Physics of Condensed Matter, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Xuhong Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200231 Shanghai, China
| | - Regine von Klitzing
- Soft Matter at Interfaces (SMI), Institute for Physics of Condensed Matter, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
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Frazar EM, Smith A, Dziubla T, Hilt JZ. Thermoresponsive Cationic Polymers: PFAS Binding Performance under Variable pH, Temperature and Comonomer Composition. Gels 2022; 8:668. [PMID: 36286169 PMCID: PMC9602350 DOI: 10.3390/gels8100668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The versatility and unique qualities of thermoresponsive polymeric systems have led to the application of these materials in a multitude of fields. One such field that can significantly benefit from the use of innovative, smart materials is environmental remediation. Of particular significance, multifunctional poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) systems based on PNIPAAm copolymerized with various cationic comonomers have the opportunity to target and attract negatively charged pollutants such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). The thermoresponsive cationic PNIPAAm systems developed in this work were functionalized with cationic monomers N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]acrylamide (DMAPA) and (3-acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride (DMAPAQ). The polymers were examined for swelling capacity behavior and PFOA binding potential when exposed to aqueous environments with varying pH and temperature. Comonomer loading percentages had the most significant effect on polymer swelling behavior and temperature responsiveness as compared to aqueous pH. PFOA removal efficiency was greatly improved with the addition of DMAPA and DMAPAQ monomers. Aqueous pH and buffer selection were important factors when examining binding potential of the polymers, as buffered aqueous environments altered polymer PFOA removal quite drastically. The role of temperature on binding potential was not as expected and had no discernible effect on the ability of DMAPAQ polymers to remove PFOA. Overall, the cationic systems show interesting swelling behavior and significant PFOA removal results that can be explored further for potential environmental remediation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J. Zach Hilt
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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3
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Santoso B, Turner PR, Hanton LR, Moratti SC. Preparation, Properties and Cell Biocompatibility of Room Temperature LCST-Hydrogels Based on Thermoresponsive PEO Stars. Gels 2021; 7:gels7030084. [PMID: 34287296 PMCID: PMC8293143 DOI: 10.3390/gels7030084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of star and linear polymers based on a poly(ethylene oxide) core and poly(diethylene glycol ethyl ether acrylate) outer arms were synthesised by atom-transfer radical polymerization. The polydispersity of the polymers were low, showing good control of initiation and growth. They all showed lower critical solution (LCST) behaviour, and at 30% concentration most gelled at or below room temperature. The behaviour depended on the number and length of the arms, with the polymers with longer arms gelling at a lower temperature and producing stiffer gels. The shear modulus of the gels varied between 1 and 48 kPa, with the gelling temperature varying between 16 and 23 °C. Attempted cell cultures with the polymers proved unsuccessful, which was determined to be due to the high concentration of polymers needed for gelling.
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Shapiro DM, Ney M, Eghtesadi SA, Chilkoti A. Protein Phase Separation Arising from Intrinsic Disorder: First-Principles to Bespoke Applications. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:6740-6759. [PMID: 34143622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c01146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The phase separation of biomolecules has become the focus of intense research in the past decade, with a growing body of research implicating this phenomenon in essentially all biological functions, including but not limited to homeostasis, stress responses, gene regulation, cell differentiation, and disease. Excellent reviews have been published previously on the underlying physical basis of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of biological molecules (Nat. Phys. 2015, 11, 899-904) and LLPS as it occurs natively in physiology and disease (Science 2017, 357, eaaf4382; Biochemistry 2018, 57, 2479-2487; Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 6844-6879). Here, we review how the theoretical physical basis of LLPS has been used to better understand the behavior of biomolecules that undergo LLPS in natural systems and how this understanding has also led to the development of novel synthetic systems that exhibit biomolecular phase separation, and technologies that exploit these phenomena. In part 1 of this Review, we explore the theory behind the phase separation of biomolecules and synthetic macromolecules and introduce a few notable phase-separating biomolecules. In part 2, we cover experimental and computational methods used to study phase-separating proteins and how these techniques have uncovered the mechanisms underlying phase separation in physiology and disease. Finally, in part 3, we cover the development and applications of engineered phase-separating polypeptides, ranging from control of their self-assembly to create defined supramolecular architectures to reprogramming biological processes using engineered IDPs that exhibit LLPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mark Shapiro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Max Ney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Seyed Ali Eghtesadi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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5
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Drozdov AD, Christiansen JD. The effects of pH and ionic strength on the volume phase transition temperature of thermo-responsive anionic copolymer gels. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Drozdov AD, Christiansen JD. Equilibrium swelling of thermo-responsive copolymer microgels. RSC Adv 2020; 10:42718-42732. [PMID: 35514931 PMCID: PMC9057954 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08619c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermo-responsive (TR) hydrogels with a lower critical solution temperature swell strongly at temperatures below their volume phase transition temperature Tc and collapse above Tc. Biomedical application of these materials requires tuning the critical temperature in a rather wide interval. A facile method for modulation of Tc is to polymerize the basic monomers with hydrophilic or hydrophobic comonomers. Although the effectiveness of this method has been confirmed by experimental data, molar fractions of comonomers necessary for fine tuning of Tc in macroscopic gels and microgels are unknown. A simple model is developed for the equilibrium swelling of TR copolymer gels. Its adjustable parameters are found by fitting swelling diagrams on several macro- and microgels with N-isopropylacrylamide as a basic monomer. Good agreement is demonstrated between the experimental swelling curves and results of numerical analysis. An explicit expression is derived for the volume phase transition temperature as a function of molar fraction of comonomers. The ability of this relation to predict the critical temperature is confirmed by comparison with observations. A model is developed for equilibrium swelling of thermo-responsive copolymer gels and is applied to predict the effect of molar fraction of comonomers on the volume phase transition temperature of macroscopic gels and microgels.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Drozdov
- Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University Fibigerstraede 16 Aalborg 9220 Denmark
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7
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Drozdov AD, deClaville Christiansen J. Mechanical response and equilibrium swelling of thermoresponsive copolymer hydrogels. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey D Drozdov
- Department of Materials and Production Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark
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Zehm D, Lieske A, Stoll A. On the Thermoresponsivity and Scalability of
N
,
N
‐Dimethylacrylamide Modified NIPAM Microgels. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zehm
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP Geiselbergstr. 69 Potsdam‐Golm 14476 Germany
| | - Antje Lieske
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP Geiselbergstr. 69 Potsdam‐Golm 14476 Germany
| | - Andrea Stoll
- Research Institute of Leather and Plastic Sheeting – FILK Meißner Ring 1–5 Freiberg 09599 Germany
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Nguyen DD, Luo LJ, Lue SJ, Lai JY. The role of aromatic ring number in phenolic compound-conjugated chitosan injectables for sustained therapeutic antiglaucoma efficacy. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 231:115770. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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10
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Kim BS, Chen YT, Srinoi P, Marquez MD, Lee TR. Hydrogel-Encapsulated Mesoporous Silica-Coated Gold Nanoshells for Smart Drug Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3422. [PMID: 31336823 PMCID: PMC6678574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A "smart" core@shell composite nanoparticle (NP) having dual-response mechanisms (i.e., temperature and light) was synthesized, and its efficacy in the loading and release of small molecules was explored. These core@shell NPs are composed of an optically active gold nanoshell (GNS) core and a mesoporous (m-) silica layer (m-SiO2). The GNS@m-SiO2 nanoparticles are further encapsulated within a thermo-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) hydrogel (PNIPAM-co-AA). The multi-responsive composite NPs were designed to create thermally and optically modulated drug-delivery vehicles with a m-SiO2 layer providing additional non-collapsible space for drug storage. The influence of the m-SiO2 layer on the efficacy of loading and release of methylene blue, which serves as a model for a small-molecule therapeutic drug, was evaluated. The "smart" core@shell composite NPs having a m-SiO2 layer demonstrated an improved capacity to load and release small molecules compared to the corresponding NPs with no m-SiO2 shell. Additionally, an efficient response by the composite NPs was successfully induced by the thermal energy generated from the gold nanoshell core upon exposure to near infrared (NIR) stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sang Kim
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Pannaree Srinoi
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Maria D Marquez
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - T Randall Lee
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
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11
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Valuev IL, Vanchugova LV, Valuev LI. Transport Functions of Polymers with a Lower Critical Solution Temperature. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090419040146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Effect of Hydrophobic Interactions on Lower Critical Solution Temperature for Poly( N-isopropylacrylamide-co-dopamine Methacrylamide) Copolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11060991. [PMID: 31167423 PMCID: PMC6630648 DOI: 10.3390/polym11060991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
For the preparation of thermoresponsive copolymers, for e.g., tissue engineering scaffolds or drug carriers, a precise control of the synthesis parameters to set the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) is required. However, the correlations between molecular parameters and LCST are partially unknown and, furthermore, LCST is defined as an exact temperature, which oversimplifies the real situation. Here, random N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM)/dopamine methacrylamide (DMA) copolymers were prepared under a systematical variation of molecular weight and comonomer amount and their LCST in water studied by calorimetry, turbidimetry, and rheology. Structural information was deduced from observed transitions clarifying the contributions of molecular weight, comonomer content, end-group effect or polymerization degree on LCST, which were then statistically modeled. This proved that the LCST can be predicted through molecular structure and conditions of the solutions. While the hydrophobic DMA lowers the LCST especially the onset, polymerization degree has an important but smaller influence over all the whole LCST range.
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Liu W, Borrell MA, Venerus DC, Mieler WF, Kang-Mieler JJ. Characterization of Biodegradable Microsphere-Hydrogel Ocular Drug Delivery System for Controlled and Extended Release of Ranibizumab. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2019; 8:12. [PMID: 30701127 PMCID: PMC6350854 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.8.1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To characterize a biodegradable microsphere-hydrogel drug delivery system (DDS) for controlled and extended release of ranibizumab. Methods The degradable microsphere-hydrogel DDSs were fabricated by suspending ranibizumab-loaded or blank poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres within a poly(ethylene glycol)-co-(L-lactic-acid) diacrylate/N-isopropylacrylamide (PEG-PLLA-DA/NIPAAm) hydrogel. The thermal responsive behavior of various DDS formulations was characterized in terms of volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) and swelling ratios changes from 22°C to 42°C. The mechanical properties were characterized using rheological methods. Degradability of hydrogels were also examined via wet weight loss. Finally, Iodine-125 was used to radiolabel ranibizumab for characterization of encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release. Results All DDS formulations investigated were injectable through a 28-gauge needle at room temperature. The VPTT increased with increase of cross-linker concentration. The swelling ratios decreased as temperature increased and were not influenced by presence of microspheres. Rheology data confirmed that increase of cross-linker concentration and microsphere loading made DDS stiffer. Increase of degradable cross-linker concentration facilitated hydrogel in vitro degradation. Controlled release of ranibizumab were achieved for investigated DDS formulations for 6 months; and increased degradable cross-linker concentration produced faster and more complete release. Conclusions The biodegradable DDSs are suitable for sustained release of ranibizumab. Considering ease of injection, degradability and release of ranibizumab, DDS with 3 mM cross-linker concentration and less than 20 mg/mL microsphere loadings is more favorable for future application. Translational Relevance The investigated DDS is promising for controlled and extended release of anti-VEGF therapeutics to achieve better treatment regimen in ocular neovascularizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Liu
- Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marta Arias Borrell
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David C Venerus
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - William F Mieler
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Gibson RR, Armes SP, Musa OM, Fernyhough A. End-group ionisation enables the use of poly(N-(2-methacryloyloxy)ethyl pyrrolidone) as an electrosteric stabiliser block for polymerisation-induced self-assembly in aqueous media. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01619d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
End-group ionisation enables use of PNMEP as a steric stabiliser in aqueous PISA: colloidal stability depends on solution pH, with flocculation occurring below pH 4.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. R. Gibson
- Dainton Building
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - S. P. Armes
- Dainton Building
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
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15
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Bryan WW, Medhi R, Marquez MD, Rittikulsittichai S, Tran M, Lee TR. Porous silver-coated pNIPAM- co-AAc hydrogel nanocapsules. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:1973-1982. [PMID: 31667045 PMCID: PMC6808198 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the preparation and characterization of a new type of core-shell nanoparticle in which the structure consists of a hydrogel core encapsulated within a porous silver shell. The thermo-responsive hydrogel cores were prepared by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization of a selected mixture of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and acrylic acid (AAc). The hydrogel cores were then encased within either a porous or complete silver shell for which the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) extends from visible to near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths (i.e., λmax varies from 550 to 1050 nm, depending on the porosity), allowing for reversible contraction and swelling of the hydrogel via photothermal heating of the surrounding silver shell. Given that NIR light can pass through tissue, and the silver shell is porous, this system can serve as a platform for the smart delivery of payloads stored within the hydrogel core. The morphology and composition of the composite nanoparticles were characterized by SEM, TEM, and FTIR, respectively. UV-vis spectroscopy was used to characterize the optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W Bryan
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204-5003, United States
| | - Riddhiman Medhi
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204-5003, United States
| | - Maria D Marquez
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204-5003, United States
| | - Supparesk Rittikulsittichai
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204-5003, United States
| | - Michael Tran
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204-5003, United States
| | - T Randall Lee
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204-5003, United States
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Liu W, Lee BS, Mieler WF, Kang-Mieler JJ. Biodegradable Microsphere-Hydrogel Ocular Drug Delivery System for Controlled and Extended Release of Bioactive Aflibercept In Vitro. Curr Eye Res 2018; 44:264-274. [PMID: 30295090 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2018.1533983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Current standard of care for neovascular eye diseases require repeated intravitreal bolus injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (anti-VEGFs). The purpose of this study was to validate a degradable microsphere-thermoresponsive hydrogel drug delivery system (DDS) capable of releasing bioactive aflibercept in a controlled and extended manner for 6 months. MATERIALS AND METHODS The DDS was fabricated by suspending aflibercept-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres within a biodegradable poly(ethylene glycol)-co-(l-lactic acid) diacrylate/N-isopropylacrylamide (PEG-PLLA-DA/NIPAAm) thermoresponsive hydrogel. Encapsulation efficiency of DDSs and in vitro release profiles were characterized by iodine-125 radiolabeled aflibercept. The degradation of hydrogel was determined by dry weight changes. The cytotoxicity from degraded DDS byproducts was investigated by quantifying cell viability using LIVE/DEAD® assay. In addition, dot blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to determine the bioactivity of released drug. Finally, morphology of microspheres and hydrogel were investigated by cryo-scanning electron microscopy before and after thermal transformation. RESULTS The microsphere-hydrogel DDS was capable of releasing bioactive aflibercept in a controlled and extended manner for 6 months. The amount and rate of aflibercept release can be controlled by both the cross-linker concentration and microspheres load amount. The initial burst (release within 24 h) was from 37.35 ± 4.92 to 74.56 ± 6.16 µg (2 and 3 mM hydrogel, each loaded with 10 and 20 mg/ml of microspheres, respectively), followed by controlled drug release of 0.07-0.15 µg/day. Higher PEG-PLLA-DA concentration (3 mM) degraded faster than the lower concentration (2 mM). No significant cytotoxicity from degraded DDS byproducts was found for all investigated time points. Bioactivity of released drug was maintained at therapeutic level over entire release period. CONCLUSIONS The microsphere-hydrogel DDS is safe and can deliver bioactive aflibercept in a controlled manner. This may provide a significant advantage over current bolus injection therapies in the treatment of ocular neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Liu
- a Biomedical Engineering , Illinois Institute of Technology , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - Bao-Shiang Lee
- b Research Resource Center , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - William F Mieler
- c Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois , USA
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Yang C, Xu D, Peng W, Li Y, Zhang G, Zhang F, Fan X. Ti 2C 3T x nanosheets as photothermal agents for near-infrared responsive hydrogels. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:15387-15392. [PMID: 30084463 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05301d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) is broadly applicable in many fields due to its temperature-induced phase transition property. Herein, a facile method to incorporate exfoliated Ti2C3Tx nanosheets in the PNIPAM network is reported. Due to compatibility, stability and photothermal properties of the incorporated Ti2C3Tx nanosheets, the obtained MXene/PNIPAM composite hydrogel shows excellent photothermal properties, expanding the pure thermal-responsive property of the PNIPAM hydrogel. Based on the smart composite hydrogel, remote light-control of the microfluidic pipeline is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyu Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Interpenetrating polymer network systems based on poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) and a copolymer containing pendant spiroacetal moieties. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 87:22-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Lim DJ, Park H. Near-infrared light for on-demand drug delivery. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2017; 29:750-761. [PMID: 29082832 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2017.1398994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There are currently many basic technologies for the controlled release of therapeutic molecules for the treatment of chronic pathologies such as arthritis, asthma, and diabetes. Examples of such technologies include selectively dissolvable capsules and tablets that are designed to respond to specific stimuli - such as pH, temperature, or specific enzymes - in a time-specific fashion. However, because of the biological variations between different individuals, which contribute to differences in the environments of therapeutic target locations, these technologies are not fully controllable. In the pursuit of drug-release technologies that are fully controllable, many approaches have been examined. One such approach involves the utilization of various light-sensitive molecules that are designed to release therapeutic agents when stimulated by light of specific wavelengths. Potential light sources that have been explored for this approach include ultraviolet (UV) and near-infrared (NIR) light. UV light, which exists in the range of 10-400 nm, is easily to utilize, and many chemicals and particles can be stimulated with light in this spectrum. Unfortunately, when used extensively - as would be the case for chronic pathologies - UV light can cause cellular damage at the molecular level, potentially leading to skin cancer. A viable alternative to UV light is NIR light, which offers deeper transdermal penetration and does not have many known adverse long-term side effects. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to investigate the use of NIR light and the associated therapeutic molecules for the controlled release of therapeutic agents in the potential treatment of chronic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jin Lim
- a Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , AL , USA
| | - Hansoo Park
- b School of Integrative Engineering , Chung-Ang University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Sun H, Chen J, Han X, Liu H. Multi-responsive hydrogels with UCST- and LCST-induced shrinking and controlled release behaviors of rhodamine B. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 82:284-290. [PMID: 29025659 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
By using a disulfide-functionalized crosslinker, a pH- and thermo-responsive 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) monomer and a zwitterionic sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) monomer were conjugated to fabricate a multi-responsive P(DMAEMA-SS-SBMA) copolymeric hydrogel. Apparent UCST and LCST volume transitions were observed in the P(DMAEMA-SS-SBMA) hydrogels with equivalent weight fractions of monomers. Different pore size and response sensitivity of shrunken structures below UCST and above LCST were visualized by SEM images. The hydrogel exhibited a highly swollen state with a swelling ratio of 17.8 and a pore size of 106μm at 45°C, they deswelled unequally at 5°C with a compact surface with pore size of 30μm and a loose bulk with pore size of 83μm, while they deswelled uniformly at 65°C with dense shrunken structure with small pore size of 12μm. The dual-thermoresponsive hydrogel was promising in controlled drug release. The initial drug release was predominantly controlled by diffusion, and the long-term release was influenced by the swelling ratio. Below UCST, the relatively hydrophilic shrunken structure and slow diffusion had a synergistic effect on the sustained release. Above LCST, the fast diffusion and the rapid "off" effect of hydrophobic skin layer resulted in a burst release. Additionally, pH-tunable swelling and redox-sensitive degradation were also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Xia Han
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Honglai Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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21
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Tang S, Bhandari R, Delaney SP, Munson EJ, Dziubla TD, Hilt JZ. Synthesis and characterization of thermally responsive N-isopropylacrylamide hydrogels copolymerized with novel hydrophobic polyphenolic crosslinkers. MATERIALS TODAY. COMMUNICATIONS 2017; 10:46-53. [PMID: 28989952 PMCID: PMC5628756 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Two series of thermosensitive hydrogels were synthesized by copolymerizing N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) with various contents of novel hydrophobic crosslinkers, curcumin multiacrylate (CMA) and quercetin multiacrylate (QMA). The compositions of the resulting hydrogels were characterized using solid state-NMR (ss-NMR), and the temperature dependent swelling behavior and lower critical solution temperature (LCST) were characterized using swelling studies and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Increasing the crosslinker content resulted in a significant decrease in the LCST and swelling ratio of hydrogels, which could be attributed to the increased hydrophobicity introduced by CMA or QMA. All of the hydrogels demonstrated temperature responsive swelling with the extent of swelling decreasing with increasing crosslinker content. The lower crosslinker content gels displayed sharper phase transitions, while the high crosslinker content gels had broader phase transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Tang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - Rohit Bhandari
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - Sean P Delaney
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - Eric J Munson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - Thomas D Dziubla
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - J Zach Hilt
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
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22
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Luan B, Muir BW, Zhu J, Hao X. A RAFT copolymerization of NIPAM and HPMA and evaluation of thermo-responsive properties of poly(NIPAM-co-HPMA). RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra22722h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
66 (co)polymers of NIPAM and HPMA with varying MW, composition, and end functionality were synthesized by RAFT polymerization and their thermo-responsive properties were systematically evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Luan
- CSIRO Manufacturing
- Clayton
- Australia
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | | | - Jin Zhu
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- China
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo A da Silva
- MNP, School of Physics and Astronomy; University of Leeds; 8.61 E.C. Stoner Building Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Cécile A Dreiss
- King's College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; 150 Stamford Street London SE1 9NH UK
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Abstract
Chemotherapeutic regimens are often restricted by dose-limiting toxicities that arise from drug exposure to off-site tissues. Nanoparticle drug carriers that specifically deliver therapeutics to the site of malignant tissue are being actively researched today. One strategy is to utilize materials that are light-responsive, such that the carrier can be triggered to release its drug payload at the distinct time and location of light exposure. This review discusses recent advances in the development of such light-responsive drug carriers. With continued optimization and in vivo validation, these approaches may offer novel treatment options for cancer management.
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Elias PZ, Liu GW, Wei H, Jensen MC, Horner PJ, Pun SH. A functionalized, injectable hydrogel for localized drug delivery with tunable thermosensitivity: synthesis and characterization of physical and toxicological properties. J Control Release 2015; 208:76-84. [PMID: 25747144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Thermosensitive injectable hydrogels have been used for the delivery of pharmacological and cellular therapies in a variety of soft tissue applications. A promising class of synthetic, injectable hydrogels based upon oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (OEGMA) monomers has been previously reported, but these polymers lack reactive groups for covalent attachment of therapeutic molecules. In this work, thermosensitive, amine-reactive and amine-functionalized polymers were developed by incorporation of methacrylic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester or 2-aminoethyl methacrylate into OEGMA-based polymers. A model therapeutic peptide, bivalirudin, was conjugated to the amine-reactive hydrogel to investigate effects on the polymer thermosensitivity and gelation properties. The ability to tune the thermosensitivity of the polymer in order to compensate for peptide hydrophilicity and maintain gelation capability below physiological temperature was demonstrated. Cell encapsulation studies using an H9 T-cell line (CD4+) were conducted to evaluate feasibility of the hydrogel as a carrier for cellular therapies. Although this class of polymers is generally considered to be non-toxic, it was found that concentrations required for gelation were incompatible with cell survival. Investigation into the cause of cytotoxicity revealed that a hydrolysis byproduct, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, is likely a contributing factor. While modifications to structure or composition will be required to enable viable cell encapsulation, the functionalized injectable hydrogel has the potential for controlled delivery of a wide range of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Z Elias
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Gary W Liu
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Hua Wei
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Michael C Jensen
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, United States
| | - Philip J Horner
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
| | - Suzie H Pun
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
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26
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Huang S, Shen J, Li N, Ye M. Dual pH- and temperature-responsive hydrogels with extraordinary swelling/deswelling behavior and enhanced mechanical performances. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shutong Huang
- Center of Special Materials and Technology; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Jianfeng Shen
- Center of Special Materials and Technology; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Na Li
- Center of Special Materials and Technology; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Mingxin Ye
- Center of Special Materials and Technology; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
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27
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Siegel RA. Stimuli sensitive polymers and self regulated drug delivery systems: a very partial review. J Control Release 2014; 190:337-51. [PMID: 24984012 PMCID: PMC4142101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Since the early days of the Journal of Controlled Release, there has been considerable interest in materials that can release drug on an "on-demand" basis. So called "stimuli-responsive" and "intelligent" systems have been designed to deliver drug at various times or at various sites in the body, according to a stimulus that is either endogenous or externally applied. In the past three decades, research along these lines has taken numerous directions, and each new generation of investigators has discovered new physicochemical principles and chemical schemes by which the release properties of materials can be altered. No single review could possibly do justice to all of these approaches. In this article, some general observations are made, and a partial history of the field is presented. Both open loop and closed loop systems are discussed. Special emphasis is placed on stimuli-responsive hydrogels, and on systems that can respond repeatedly. It is argued that the most success at present and in the foreseeable future is with systems in which biosensing and actuation (i.e. drug delivery) are separated, with a human and/or cybernetic operator linking the two.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald A Siegel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA; Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
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Pena-Francesch A, Montero L, Borrós S. Tailoring the LCST of thermosensitive hydrogel thin films deposited by iCVD. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:7162-7167. [PMID: 24874567 DOI: 10.1021/la5003594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Using the iCVD (initiated chemical vapor deposition) polymerization technique, we generated a library of thermosensitive thin film hydrogels in the physiological temperature range. The library shows how a specific hydrogel with a desired temperature response can be synthesized via the copolymerization of three main components: (a) the main thermosensitive monomer, which determines the temperature range of the LCST; (b) the comonomer, which modulates the temperature according to its hydrophilic/hydrophobic behavior; and (c) the cross-linker, which determines the swelling degree and the polymer chain mobility of the resulting hydrogel. The thermosensitive thin films included in the library have been characterized by the water contact angle (WCA), revealing a switchable hydrophobic/hydrophilic behavior depending on the temperature and a decrease in the WCA with the incorporation of hydrophilic moieties. Moreover, a more accurate characterization by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is performed. With temperature and flow control, the switchable swelling properties of the thermosensitive thin films (due to the polymer mixture transition) can be recorded and analyzed in order to study the effects of the comonomer moieties on the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). Thus, the LCST tailoring method has been successfully used in this paper, and thermoresponsive thin films (50 nm in thickness) have been deposited by iCVD, exhibiting LCSTs in the 32-49 °C range. Due to the presented method's ability to tailor the LCST in the physiological temperature range, the developed thermoresponsive films present potential biosensing and drug delivery applications in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdon Pena-Francesch
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials, Institut Químic de Sarrià-Universitat Ramon Llull , Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
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Brassinne J, Bourgeois JP, Fustin CA, Gohy JF. Thermo-responsive properties of metallo-supramolecular block copolymer micellar hydrogels. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:3086-3092. [PMID: 24695908 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm53013b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Metallo-supramolecular micellar hydrogels exhibiting thermo-mechanical responsiveness are prepared through the hierarchical assembly of a heterotelechelic associating copolymer. The copolymer consists of a linear thermo-sensitive water-soluble sequence terminated by a short hydrophobic sticker at one end, the other being functionalized by a chelating ligand. As the first level of assembly, the associating copolymer is dissolved in aqueous solution to yield micellar nanostructures, bearing coordinative motifs at the end of the coronal chains. The second level of assembly is achieved when transition metal ions are added to the micellar solutions, resulting in almost instantaneous gelation. The thermo-mechanical response of those materials is investigated in detail by rotational rheometry, showing abrupt changes within the temperature boundaries corresponding to the phase transition of the polymer block located in the micellar corona.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Brassinne
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Bio and Soft Matter division (BSMA), Université catholique de Louvain, Place L. Pasteur 1, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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30
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Strong LE, Dahotre SN, West JL. Hydrogel-nanoparticle composites for optically modulated cancer therapeutic delivery. J Control Release 2014; 178:63-8. [PMID: 24462898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamide) (NIPAAm-co-AAm) hydrogel with near-infrared (NIR) absorbing silica-gold nanoshells was designed as a platform for pulsatile delivery of cancer therapeutics. This hydrogel was designed to have a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) above physiologic temperature, such that the material will transition from a hydrated state to a collapsed state above ~40°C. Additionally, the silica-gold nanoshells used were designed to have a peak extinction coefficient in the NIR, where penetration of light through tissue is maximal. This heat-triggered material phase transition of the composite was found to follow exposure of NIR light, indicating the ability of the NIR absorption by the nanoshells to sufficiently drive this transition. The composite material was loaded with either doxorubicin or a DNA duplex (a model nucleic acid therapeutic), two cancer therapeutics with differing physical and chemical properties. Release of both therapeutics was dramatically enhanced by NIR light exposure, causing 2-5x increase in drug release. Drug delivery profiles were influenced by both the molecular size of the drug as well as its chemical properties. The DNA therapeutic showed slower rates of nonspecific delivery by passive diffusion due to its larger size. Additionally, only 70% of the more hydrophobic doxorubicin was released from the material, whereas the more hydrophilic DNA showed over 90% release. Further, hydrogel composites were used to deliver the doxorubicin to CT.26-WT colon carcinoma cells, eliciting a therapeutic response. This work validates the potential application for this material in site-specific cancer therapeutic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Strong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shreyas N Dahotre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer L West
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Uehara N, Yoshida O. Release of Nile red from thermoresponsive gold nanocomposites by heating a solution and the addition of glutathione. ANAL SCI 2013; 28:1125-32. [PMID: 23232230 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.28.1125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive gold nanocomposites encapsulating Nile red were fabricated by the conjugation of gold nanoparticles containing Nile red with a thermoresponsive polymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide(90 mol%)-co-N-acryloyldiethylenetriamine(10 mol%)). They were then examined as a model of drug delivery carriers and colloidal fluorescence sensors. Nile red, as a fluorophore to be released, was introduced to the surface of gold nanoparticles prior to conjugation with thermoresponsive polymers. Heating a solution at 90°C resulted in shrinkage of the thermoresponsive polymers, which facilitated disassembly of the gold nanocomposites in the presence of glutathione. This disassembly caused a replacement of Nile red with glutathione at the surface of the gold nanoparticles, followed by the release of Nile red from the gold nanocomposites. Nile red liberated from the gold surface recovered its inherent fluorescence properties that had been quenched by gold nanoparticles through fluorescence resonance energy transfer. The fluorescence intensity of the liberated Nile red increased linearly as the glutathione concentration increased up to 1.0 × 10(-5) mol/L, demonstrating that thermoresponsive gold nanocomposites can be used as colloidal sensors or drug delivery carriers that can be manipulated by the concentration of glutathione and the solution temperature. The applicability of the thermoresponsive gold nanocomposites to colloidal fluorescence probes was also checked by assay of glutathione in tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Uehara
- Department of Material and Environmental Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi 321–8585, Japan.
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33
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Swamy BY, Prasad CV, Reddy CLN, Chung I, Rao KC, Subha MCS. Temperature-Sensitive Microspheres for Controlled Release of Enalprilmaleate. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2011.641631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Imao S, Nishi H, Kobatake S. Thermo- and photoresponsive reversible changes in localized surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles covered by poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) with photochromic diarylethene end group. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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Ooi HW, Jack KS, Peng H, Whittaker AK. “Click” PNIPAAm hydrogels – a comprehensive study of structure and properties. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00653k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Koonar I, Zhou C, Hillmyer MA, Lodge TP, Siegel RA. ABC triblock terpolymers exhibiting both temperature- and pH-sensitive micellar aggregation and gelation in aqueous solution. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012. [PMID: 23189918 DOI: 10.1021/la303712b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Two poly(ethylene-alt-propylene)-b-poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (PEP-PEO-P(NIPAm-co-AA)) triblock terpolymers were synthesized by a combination of anionic and RAFT polymerizations, followed by acid hydrolysis. Micellar aggregation and gelation behavior in aqueous solutions were studied by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and rheology, respectively. DLS measurements on dilute solutions revealed that the triblock terpolymers form micelles with PEP cores and PEO-P(NIPAm-co-AA) coronae at room temperature and undergo a micelle to micellar aggregate transition upon heating. Rheological measurements showed that micellar aggregation manifests itself as gelation at higher concentrations (~4 wt %). The observed thermoresponsive aggregation and gelation is due to the intermicellar association of P(NIPAm-co-AA) blocks in the coronae above the lower critical solution temperature of the P(NIPAm-co-AA) block. The critical micellar aggregation and gelation temperatures are controlled by the mole fraction and degree of acrylic acid (AA) ionization in the P(NIPAm-co-AA) block, and therefore they can be modulated as functions of both pH and AA content in the polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Koonar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota-Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, USA
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Orakdogen N. Novel responsive poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) gel beads: preparation, mechanical properties and pH-dependent swelling behavior. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-012-9914-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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39
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Xiong XB, Binkhathlan Z, Molavi O, Lavasanifar A. Amphiphilic block co-polymers: preparation and application in nanodrug and gene delivery. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:2017-33. [PMID: 22406912 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly of amphiphilic block co-polymers composed of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as the hydrophilic block and poly(ether)s, poly(amino acid)s, poly(ester)s and polypropyleneoxide (PPO) as the hydrophobic block can lead to the formation of nanoscopic structures of different morphologies. These structures have been the subject of extensive research in the past decade as artificial mimics of lipoproteins and viral vectors for drug and gene delivery. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the synthesis of commonly used amphiphilic block co-polymers. It will also briefly go over some pharmaceutical applications of amphiphilic block co-polymers as "nanodelivery systems" for small molecules and gene therapeutics.
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40
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Stile RA, Chung E, Burghardt WR, Healy KE. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based semi-interpenetrating polymer networks for tissue engineering applications. Effects of linear poly(acrylic acid) chains on rheology. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 15:865-78. [PMID: 15318797 DOI: 10.1163/1568562041271129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPNs), comprised of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (p(NIPAAm-co-AAc)) hydrogels and linear p(AAc) chains, were synthesized, and the effects of the p(AAc) chains on semi-IPN rheology were examined. Oscillatory shear rheometry studies were performed and the rheological data were analyzed as a function of temperature, frequency, and p(AAc) chain amount (weight average molecular weight (Mw) 4.5 x 10(5) g/mol). At 22 degrees C, the semi-IPNs, as well as control p(NIPAAm-co-AAc) hydrogels, demonstrated rheological data that were representative of soft, loosely cross-linked solids. Furthermore, only the highest p(AAc) chain amount tested affected the rigidity of the p(NIPAAm-co-AAc)-based semi-IPNs, as compared to the p(NIPAAm-co-AAc) hydrogels. At 37 degrees C, the complex shear moduli (G*) demonstrated by the p(NIPAAm-co-AAc)-based semi-IPNs were significantly greater than G* exhibited by the p(NIPAAm-co-AAc) hydrogels, and the semi-IPN G* values significantly increased with increasing p(AAc) chain amount. These results can be used to develop p(NIPAAm)-based semi-IPNs with tailored mechanical properties that may function as scaffolds in tissue engineering initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranee A Stile
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Robert R. McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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41
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Drapala PW, Brey EM, Mieler WF, Venerus DC, Kang Derwent JJ, Pérez-Luna VH. Role of Thermo-responsiveness and Poly(ethylene glycol) Diacrylate Cross-link Density on Protein Release from Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Hydrogels. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 22:59-75. [DOI: 10.1163/092050609x12578498952315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pawel W. Drapala
- a Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 10 W. 33rd Street, Chicago, IL 60616-3793, USA
| | - Eric M. Brey
- b Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3255 South Dearborn Street WH-314, Chicago, IL 60616-3793, USA; Department of Research, Hines V.A. Hospital, 5000 S. Fifth Avenue, Hines, IL 60141, USA
| | - William F. Mieler
- c Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - David C. Venerus
- d Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 10 W. 33rd Street, Chicago, IL 60616-3793, USA
| | - Jennifer J. Kang Derwent
- e Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3255 South Dearborn Street WH-314, Chicago, IL 60616-3793, USA
| | - Victor H. Pérez-Luna
- f Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 10 W. 33rd Street, Chicago, IL 60616-3793, USA
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Casolaro M, Casolaro I, Lamponi S. Stimuli-responsive hydrogels for controlled pilocarpine ocular delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 80:553-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Sakata K, Makita Y, Uemura S, Nishimi T, Kunitake M. Electrochemical elucidation of structural changes in physical organo bicontinuous microemulsion gel systems. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:11124-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc35105f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Oni Y, Soboyejo W. Swelling and diffusion of PNIPA-based gels for localized chemotherapy and hyperthermia. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Matsumoto A, Ishii T, Nishida J, Matsumoto H, Kataoka K, Miyahara Y. A synthetic approach toward a self-regulated insulin delivery system. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 51:2124-8. [PMID: 22162189 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201106252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Matsumoto
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Matsumoto A, Ishii T, Nishida J, Matsumoto H, Kataoka K, Miyahara Y. A Synthetic Approach Toward a Self-Regulated Insulin Delivery System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201106252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Elsaeed SM, Farag RK, Maysour NS. Synthesis and characterization of pH-sensitive crosslinked (NIPA-co-AAC) nanohydrogels copolymer. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Deshmukh S, Mooney DA, MacElroy JM. Molecular simulation study of the effect of cross-linker on the properties of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) hydrogel. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2011.566608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Synthesis and characterisation of thermo-sensitive terpolymer hydrogels for drug delivery applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-011-9644-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zhao Y, Tremblay L, Zhao Y. Phototunable LCST of Water-Soluble Polymers: Exploring a Topological Effect. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma200691s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Département de chimie and ‡Département de médecine nucléaire et de radiobiologie and Centre d’imagerie moléculaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - Luc Tremblay
- Département de chimie and ‡Département de médecine nucléaire et de radiobiologie and Centre d’imagerie moléculaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - Yue Zhao
- Département de chimie and ‡Département de médecine nucléaire et de radiobiologie and Centre d’imagerie moléculaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
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