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Mudgil U, Khullar L, Chadha J, Prerna, Harjai K. Beyond antibiotics: Emerging antivirulence strategies to combat Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis. Microb Pathog 2024:106730. [PMID: 38851361 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that poses a significant threat to individuals suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF). The pathogen is highly prevalent in CF individuals and is responsible for chronic infection, resulting in severe tissue damage and poor patient outcome. Prolonged antibiotic administration has led to the emergence of multidrug resistance in P. aeruginosa. In this direction, antivirulence strategies achieving targeted inhibition of bacterial virulence pathways, including quorum sensing, efflux pumps, lectins, and iron chelators, have been explored against CF isolates of P. aeruginosa. Hence, this review article presents a bird's eye view on the pulmonary infections involving P. aeruginosa in CF patients by laying emphasis on factors contributing to bacterial colonization, persistence, and disease progression along with the current line of therapeutics against P. aeruginosa in CF. We further collate scientific literature and discusses various antivirulence strategies that have been tested against P. aeruginosa isolates from CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umang Mudgil
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Lavanya Khullar
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jatin Chadha
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Prerna
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kusum Harjai
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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2
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Chance DL, Wang W, Waters JK, Mawhinney TP. Insights on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Carbohydrate Binding from Profiles of Cystic Fibrosis Isolates Using Multivalent Fluorescent Glycopolymers Bearing Pendant Monosaccharides. Microorganisms 2024; 12:801. [PMID: 38674745 PMCID: PMC11051836 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa contributes to frequent, persistent, and, often, polymicrobial respiratory tract infections for individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). Chronic CF infections lead to bronchiectasis and a shortened lifespan. P. aeruginosa expresses numerous adhesins, including lectins known to bind the epithelial cell and mucin glycoconjugates. Blocking carbohydrate-mediated host-pathogen and intra-biofilm interactions critical to the initiation and perpetuation of colonization offer promise as anti-infective treatment strategies. To inform anti-adhesion therapies, we profiled the monosaccharide binding of P. aeruginosa from CF and non-CF sources, and assessed whether specific bacterial phenotypic characteristics affected carbohydrate-binding patterns. Focusing at the cellular level, microscopic and spectrofluorometric tools permitted the solution-phase analysis of P. aeruginosa binding to a panel of fluorescent glycopolymers possessing distinct pendant monosaccharides. All P. aeruginosa demonstrated significant binding to glycopolymers specific for α-D-galactose, β-D-N-acetylgalactosamine, and β-D-galactose-3-sulfate. In each culture, a small subpopulation accounted for the binding. The carbohydrate anomeric configuration and sulfate ester presence markedly influenced binding. While this opportunistic pathogen from CF hosts presented with various colony morphologies and physiological activities, no phenotypic, physiological, or structural feature predicted enhanced or diminished monosaccharide binding. Important to anti-adhesive therapeutic strategies, these findings suggest that, regardless of phenotype or clinical source, P. aeruginosa maintain a small subpopulation that may readily associate with specific configurations of specific monosaccharides. This report provides insights into whole-cell P. aeruginosa carbohydrate-binding profiles and into the context within which successful anti-adhesive and/or anti-virulence anti-infective agents for CF must contend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L. Chance
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - James K. Waters
- Experiment Station Chemical Laboratories, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Thomas P. Mawhinney
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
- Experiment Station Chemical Laboratories, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
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3
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Leusmann S, Ménová P, Shanin E, Titz A, Rademacher C. Glycomimetics for the inhibition and modulation of lectins. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:3663-3740. [PMID: 37232696 PMCID: PMC10243309 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00954d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are essential mediators of many processes in health and disease. They regulate self-/non-self- discrimination, are key elements of cellular communication, cancer, infection and inflammation, and determine protein folding, function and life-times. Moreover, they are integral to the cellular envelope for microorganisms and participate in biofilm formation. These diverse functions of carbohydrates are mediated by carbohydrate-binding proteins, lectins, and the more the knowledge about the biology of these proteins is advancing, the more interfering with carbohydrate recognition becomes a viable option for the development of novel therapeutics. In this respect, small molecules mimicking this recognition process become more and more available either as tools for fostering our basic understanding of glycobiology or as therapeutics. In this review, we outline the general design principles of glycomimetic inhibitors (Section 2). This section is then followed by highlighting three approaches to interfere with lectin function, i.e. with carbohydrate-derived glycomimetics (Section 3.1), novel glycomimetic scaffolds (Section 3.2) and allosteric modulators (Section 3.3). We summarize recent advances in design and application of glycomimetics for various classes of lectins of mammalian, viral and bacterial origin. Besides highlighting design principles in general, we showcase defined cases in which glycomimetics have been advanced to clinical trials or marketed. Additionally, emerging applications of glycomimetics for targeted protein degradation and targeted delivery purposes are reviewed in Section 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Leusmann
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Petra Ménová
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Elena Shanin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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4
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Meiers J, Rox K, Titz A. Lectin-Targeted Prodrugs Activated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa for Self-Destructive Antibiotic Release. J Med Chem 2022; 65:13988-14014. [PMID: 36201248 PMCID: PMC9619409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections
are characterized by biofilm formation, a major virulence factor of P. aeruginosa and cause of extensive drug resistance.
Fluoroquinolones are effective antibiotics but are linked to severe
side effects. The two extracellular P. aeruginosa-specific lectins LecA and LecB are key structural biofilm components
and can be exploited for targeted drug delivery. In this work, several
fluoroquinolones were conjugated to lectin probes by cleavable peptide
linkers to yield lectin-targeted prodrugs. Mechanistically, these
conjugates therefore remain non-toxic in the systemic distribution
and will be activated to kill only once they have accumulated at the
infection site. The synthesized prodrugs proved stable in the presence
of host blood plasma and liver metabolism but rapidly released the
antibiotic cargo in the presence of P. aeruginosa in a self-destructive manner in vitro. Furthermore, the prodrugs
showed good absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination
(ADME) properties and reduced toxicity in vitro, thus establishing
the first lectin-targeted antibiotic prodrugs against P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joscha Meiers
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Katharina Rox
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany.,Chemical Biology (CBIO), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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5
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Characterization of host-pathogen-device interactions in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection of breast implants. Plast Reconstr Surg 2022; 150:260e-271e. [PMID: 35653545 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000009315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) accounts for 7%-22% of breast implant-associated infections (BIAIs), which can result in reconstructive failures and explantation. Investigating host-pathogen-device interactions in mice and patient samples will improve our understanding of colonization mechanisms, for targeted treatments and clinical guidelines. METHODS Mice with and without implants (Mentor®) were infected with PAO1 lab strain or BIP2 or BIP16 clinical strains and sacrificed at 1 day or 7 days post-infection (dpi) to evaluate for colonization of implants and underlying tissues via colony-forming unit (CFU) enumeration. Immunostaining was performed on mouse implants, human tissue expanders (TE) colonized by BIP2, and acellular dermal matrix (ADM) colonized by BIP16. RESULTS Colonization of tissues and smooth implants by P. aeruginosa was strain-dependent: at 1dpi, all strains acutely infected tissues with and without implants with colonization levels reflecting growth rates of individual strains. At 7dpi, PAO1 caused colonization of ~105 CFUs/100mg of tissue but required implant presence, while in mice infected with BIP2/BIP16, CFUs were below the limit of detection with or without implants. Immunofluorescence staining of mouse implants, however, demonstrated continued presence of BIP2 and BIP16. Staining showed co-localization of all strains with fibrinogen, collagen I and collagen III on mouse and human samples. CONCLUSIONS The trajectory of P. aeruginosa in BIAIs was strain-dependent and strains could exhibit acute symptomatic or chronic asymptomatic colonization. With strains causing clinical symptoms, the presence of an implant significantly worsened infection. For asymptomatic colonizers, further studies investigating their long-term impacts, especially during periods of immunosuppression in hosts, are needed.
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6
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Wojtczak K, Byrne JP. Structural considerations for building synthetic glycoconjugates as inhibitors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa lectins. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200081. [PMID: 35426976 PMCID: PMC9321714 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogenic bacterium, responsible for a large portion of nosocomial infections globally and designated as critical priority by the World Health Organisation. Its characteristic carbohydrate‐binding proteins LecA and LecB, which play a role in biofilm‐formation and lung‐infection, can be targeted by glycoconjugates. Here we review the wide range of inhibitors for these proteins (136 references), highlighting structural features and which impact binding affinity and/or therapeutic effects, including carbohydrate selection; linker length and rigidity; and scaffold topology, particularly for multivalent candidates. We also discuss emerging therapeutic strategies, which build on targeting of LecA and LecB, such as anti‐biofilm activity, anti‐adhesion and drug‐delivery, with promising prospects for medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Wojtczak
- National University of Ireland Galway School of Biological and Chemical Sciences University Road H91 TK33 Galway IRELAND
| | - Joseph Peter Byrne
- National University of Ireland Galway School of Chemistry University Road H91 TK33 Galway IRELAND
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7
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Bricmont N, Alexandru M, Louis B, Papon JF, Kempeneers C. Ciliary Videomicroscopy: A Long Beat from the European Respiratory Society Guidelines to the Recognition as a Confirmatory Test for Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11091700. [PMID: 34574040 PMCID: PMC8471803 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare inherited ciliopathy in which respiratory cilia are stationary or dyskinetic. The clinical presentation of PCD is highly non-specific since it includes infections and disorders of the upper (otitis and rhinosinusitis) and lower (neonatal respiratory distress, bronchitis, pneumonia and bronchiectasis) airways, starting in early life. Clinical examination alone does not allow a PCD diagnosis, which relies on several concordant tests, since none are sensitive or specific enough alone. Despite being the most sensitive and specific test to diagnose PCD, digital high-speed videomicroscopy (DHSV) is not sufficiently standardized, preventing its use with complete confidence as a confirmatory diagnostic test for PCD, or its inclusion in a diagnostic algorithm. Since the 2017 ERS recommendations for PCD diagnosis, three main issues remain to be solved in order to optimize DHSV ciliary beating evaluation: the problem in defining an accurate sensitivity and specificity as there is no gold standard method to diagnose all PCD cases, a lack of standardization in the operating procedure for processing respiratory samples, and in the choice of measured parameters (self-operating or not). The development of new automated analysis approaches is promising and will require full clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemie Bricmont
- Pneumology Laboratory, I3 Group, GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
- Correspondence:
| | - Mihaela Alexandru
- ENT Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (M.A.); (J.-F.P.)
| | - Bruno Louis
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale INSERM-UPEC UMR 955, CNRS ERL7000, 94010 Créteil, France;
| | - Jean-François Papon
- ENT Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (M.A.); (J.-F.P.)
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale INSERM-UPEC UMR 955, CNRS ERL7000, 94010 Créteil, France;
| | - Céline Kempeneers
- Pneumology Laboratory, I3 Group, GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
- Division of Respirology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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8
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Limqueco E, Passos Da Silva D, Reichhardt C, Su FY, Das D, Chen J, Srinivasan S, Convertine A, Skerrett SJ, Parsek MR, Stayton PS, Ratner DM. Mannose Conjugated Polymer Targeting P. aeruginosa Biofilms. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:2866-2871. [PMID: 33074651 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are one of the most challenging obstacles in bacterial infections. By providing protection against immune responses and antibiotic therapies, biofilms enable chronic colonization and the development of antibiotic resistance. As previous clinical observations and studies have shown, traditional antibiotic therapy alone cannot effectively treat and eliminate biofilm forming infections due to the protection conferred by the biofilm. A new strategy specifically targeting biofilms must be developed. Here, we specifically target and bind to the PAO1 biofilm and elucidate the molecular mechanism behind the interaction between a glycan targeted polymer and biofilm using a continuous flow biofilm model. The incubation of biofilms with fluorescent glycan targeted polymers demonstrated strong and persistent interactions with the mannose-containing polymer even after 24 h of continuous flow. To evaluate the role of major biofilm proteins LecB and CdrA, loss of function experiments with knockout variants established the dual involvement of both proteins in mannose targeted polymer retention. These results identify a persistent and specific targeting strategy to the biofilm, emphasizing its potential value as a delivery strategy and encouraging further exploration of biofilm targeted delivery.
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9
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Meiers J, Zahorska E, Röhrig T, Hauck D, Wagner S, Titz A. Directing Drugs to Bugs: Antibiotic-Carbohydrate Conjugates Targeting Biofilm-Associated Lectins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Med Chem 2020; 63:11707-11724. [PMID: 32924479 PMCID: PMC7586336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic infections by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are characterized by biofilm formation, which effectively enhances resistance toward antibiotics. Biofilm-specific antibiotic delivery could locally increase drug concentration to break antimicrobial resistance and reduce the drug's peripheral side effects. Two extracellular P. aeruginosa lectins, LecA and LecB, are essential structural components for biofilm formation and thus render a possible anchor for biofilm-targeted drug delivery. The standard-of-care drug ciprofloxacin suffers from severe systemic side effects and was therefore chosen for this approach. We synthesized several ciprofloxacin-carbohydrate conjugates and established a structure-activity relationship. Conjugation of ciprofloxacin to lectin probes enabled biofilm accumulation in vitro, reduced the antibiotic's cytotoxicity, but also reduced its antibiotic activity against planktonic cells due to a reduced cell permeability and on target activity. This work defines the starting point for new biofilm/lectin-targeted drugs to modulate antibiotic properties and ultimately break antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joscha Meiers
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Eva Zahorska
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Teresa Röhrig
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Drug Design and Optimization (DDOP), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Dirk Hauck
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefanie Wagner
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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10
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The Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lectin LecB Causes Integrin Internalization and Inhibits Epithelial Wound Healing. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.03260-19. [PMID: 32156827 PMCID: PMC7064779 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03260-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous environmental bacterium that is one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections. P. aeruginosa is able to switch between planktonic, intracellular, and biofilm-based lifestyles, which allows it to evade the immune system as well as antibiotic treatment. Hence, alternatives to antibiotic treatment are urgently required to combat P. aeruginosa infections. Lectins, like the fucose-specific LecB, are promising targets, because removal of LecB resulted in decreased virulence in mouse models. Currently, several research groups are developing LecB inhibitors. However, the role of LecB in host-pathogen interactions is not well understood. The significance of our research is in identifying cellular mechanisms of how LecB facilitates P. aeruginosa infection. We introduce LecB as a new member of the list of bacterial molecules that bind integrins and show that P. aeruginosa can move forward underneath attached epithelial cells by loosening cell-basement membrane attachment in a LecB-dependent manner. The opportunistic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces the fucose-specific lectin LecB, which has been identified as a virulence factor. LecB has a tetrameric structure with four opposing binding sites and has been shown to act as a cross-linker. Here, we demonstrate that LecB strongly binds to the glycosylated moieties of β1-integrins on the basolateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells and causes rapid integrin endocytosis. Whereas internalized integrins were degraded via a lysosomal pathway, washout of LecB restored integrin cell surface localization, thus indicating a specific and direct action of LecB on integrins to bring about their endocytosis. Interestingly, LecB was able to trigger uptake of active and inactive β1-integrins and also of complete α3β1-integrin–laminin complexes. We provide a mechanistic explanation for this unique endocytic process by showing that LecB has the additional ability to recognize fucose-bearing glycosphingolipids and causes the formation of membrane invaginations on giant unilamellar vesicles. In cells, LecB recruited integrins to these invaginations by cross-linking integrins and glycosphingolipids. In epithelial wound healing assays, LecB specifically cleared integrins from the surface of cells located at the wound edge and blocked cell migration and wound healing in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the wild-type P. aeruginosa strain PAO1 was able to loosen cell-substrate adhesion in order to crawl underneath exposed cells, whereas knockout of LecB significantly reduced crawling events. Based on these results, we suggest that LecB has a role in disseminating bacteria along the cell-basement membrane interface.
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11
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Landi A, Mari M, Kleiser S, Wolf T, Gretzmeier C, Wilhelm I, Kiritsi D, Thünauer R, Geiger R, Nyström A, Reggiori F, Claudinon J, Römer W. Pseudomonas aeruginosa lectin LecB impairs keratinocyte fitness by abrogating growth factor signalling. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/6/e201900422. [PMID: 31732693 PMCID: PMC6858607 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectins are glycan-binding proteins with no catalytic activity and ubiquitously expressed in nature. Numerous bacteria use lectins to efficiently bind to epithelia, thus facilitating tissue colonisation. Wounded skin is one of the preferred niches for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which has developed diverse strategies to impair tissue repair processes and promote infection. Here, we analyse the effect of the P. aeruginosa fucose-binding lectin LecB on human keratinocytes and demonstrate that it triggers events in the host, upon binding to fucosylated residues on cell membrane receptors, which extend beyond its role as an adhesion molecule. We found that LecB associates with insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and dampens its signalling, leading to the arrest of cell cycle. In addition, we describe a novel LecB-triggered mechanism to down-regulate host cell receptors by showing that LecB leads to insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor internalisation and subsequent missorting towards intracellular endosomal compartments, without receptor activation. Overall, these data highlight that LecB is a multitask virulence factor that, through subversion of several host pathways, has a profound impact on keratinocyte proliferation and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Landi
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres, Centre for Biological Signalling Studies and Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies , Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Muriel Mari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Svenja Kleiser
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres, Centre for Biological Signalling Studies and Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies , Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Wolf
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Christine Gretzmeier
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Isabel Wilhelm
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres, Centre for Biological Signalling Studies and Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies , Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dimitra Kiritsi
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roland Thünauer
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres, Centre for Biological Signalling Studies and Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies , Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roger Geiger
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Nyström
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Julie Claudinon
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres, Centre for Biological Signalling Studies and Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies , Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Römer
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany .,Signalling Research Centres, Centre for Biological Signalling Studies and Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies , Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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12
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Sommer R, Rox K, Wagner S, Hauck D, Henrikus SS, Newsad S, Arnold T, Ryckmans T, Brönstrup M, Imberty A, Varrot A, Hartmann RW, Titz A. Anti-biofilm Agents against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Structure-Activity Relationship Study of C-Glycosidic LecB Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2019; 62:9201-9216. [PMID: 31553873 PMCID: PMC6873108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm formation is a key mechanism of antimicrobial resistance. We have recently reported two classes of orally bioavailable C-glycosidic inhibitors of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa lectin LecB with antibiofilm activity. They proved efficient in target binding, were metabolically stable, nontoxic, selective, and potent in inhibiting formation of bacterial biofilm. Here, we designed and synthesized six new carboxamides and 24 new sulfonamides for a detailed structure-activity relationship for two clinically representative LecB variants. Sulfonamides generally showed higher inhibition compared to carboxamides, which was rationalized based on crystal structure analyses. Substitutions at the thiophenesulfonamide increased binding through extensive contacts with a lipophilic protein patch. These metabolically stable compounds showed a further increase in potency toward the target and in biofilm inhibition assays. In general, we established the structure-activity relationship for these promising antibiofilm agents and showed that modification of the sulfonamide residue bears future optimization potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Sommer
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates , Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , D-66123 Saarbrücken , Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF) , Standort Hannover, D-38124 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Katharina Rox
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF) , Standort Hannover, D-38124 Braunschweig , Germany.,Chemical Biology , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , D-38124 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Stefanie Wagner
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates , Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , D-66123 Saarbrücken , Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF) , Standort Hannover, D-38124 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Dirk Hauck
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates , Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , D-66123 Saarbrücken , Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF) , Standort Hannover, D-38124 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Sarah S Henrikus
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates , Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , D-66123 Saarbrücken , Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF) , Standort Hannover, D-38124 Braunschweig , Germany.,Department of Pharmacy , Saarland University , D-66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Shelby Newsad
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates , Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , D-66123 Saarbrücken , Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF) , Standort Hannover, D-38124 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Tatjana Arnold
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF) , Standort Hannover, D-38124 Braunschweig , Germany.,Chemical Biology , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , D-38124 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Thomas Ryckmans
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development , Roche Innovation Center Basel , CH-4070 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF) , Standort Hannover, D-38124 Braunschweig , Germany.,Chemical Biology , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , D-38124 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Anne Imberty
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes , CNRS, CERMAV , F-38000 Grenoble , France
| | | | - Rolf W Hartmann
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF) , Standort Hannover, D-38124 Braunschweig , Germany.,Department of Pharmacy , Saarland University , D-66123 Saarbrücken , Germany.,Drug Design and Development , Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , D-66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates , Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , D-66123 Saarbrücken , Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF) , Standort Hannover, D-38124 Braunschweig , Germany.,Department of Pharmacy , Saarland University , D-66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
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13
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Palmioli A, Sperandeo P, Polissi A, Airoldi C. Targeting Bacterial Biofilm: A New LecA Multivalent Ligand with Inhibitory Activity. Chembiochem 2019; 20:2911-2915. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Palmioli
- Department of Biotechnology and BiosciencesUniversity of Milano–Bicocca Piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milano Italy
| | - Paola Sperandeo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Milano Via Balzaretti, 9/11/13 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Alessandra Polissi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Milano Via Balzaretti, 9/11/13 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Cristina Airoldi
- Department of Biotechnology and BiosciencesUniversity of Milano–Bicocca Piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milano Italy
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14
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Passos da Silva D, Matwichuk ML, Townsend DO, Reichhardt C, Lamba D, Wozniak DJ, Parsek MR. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa lectin LecB binds to the exopolysaccharide Psl and stabilizes the biofilm matrix. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2183. [PMID: 31097723 PMCID: PMC6522473 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms are composed of exopolysaccharides (EPS), exogenous DNA, and proteins that hold these communities together. P. aeruginosa produces lectins LecA and LecB, which possess affinities towards sugars found in matrix EPS and mediate adherence of P. aeruginosa to target host cells. Here, we demonstrate that LecB binds to Psl, a key matrix EPS, and this leads to increased retention of both cells and EPS in a growing biofilm. This interaction is predicted to occur between the lectin and the branched side chains present on Psl. Finally, we show that LecB coordinates Psl localization in the biofilm. This constitutes a unique function for LecB and identifies it as a matrix protein that contributes to biofilm structure through EPS interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Doriano Lamba
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Sede Secondaria di Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniel J Wozniak
- Departments of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Matthew R Parsek
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China.
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15
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Xu Z, Xie J, Soteyome T, Peters BM, Shirtliff ME, Liu J, Harro JM. Polymicrobial interaction and biofilms between Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: an underestimated concern in food safety. Curr Opin Food Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Koulenti D, Song A, Ellingboe A, Abdul-Aziz MH, Harris P, Gavey E, Lipman J. Infections by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative Bacteria: What's new in our arsenal and what's in the pipeline? Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 53:211-224. [PMID: 30394301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria is an ever-growing concern, particularly among Gram-negative bacteria because of their intrinsic resistance and how quickly they acquire and spread new resistance mechanisms. Treating infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria is a challenge for medical practitioners and increases patient mortality and cost of care globally. This vulnerability, along with strategies to tackle antimicrobial resistance development, prompts the development of new antibiotic agents and exploration of alternative treatment options. This article summarises the new antibiotics that have recently been approved for Gram-negative bacterial infections, looks down the pipeline at promising agents currently in phase I, II, or III clinical trials, and introduces new alternative avenues that show potential in combating multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Koulenti
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Royal Brisbane Clinical Unit, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; 2nd Critical Care Department, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - Andrew Song
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Aaron Ellingboe
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mohd Hafiz Abdul-Aziz
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; School of Pharmacy, International Islamic University, Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Patrick Harris
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Pathology Queensland, Central Laboratory, Herston, Queensland, Australia; Infection Management Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland, Australia
| | - Emile Gavey
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Lipman
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Royal Brisbane Clinical Unit, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane
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17
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Joachim I, Rikker S, Hauck D, Ponader D, Boden S, Sommer R, Hartmann L, Titz A. Development and optimization of a competitive binding assay for the galactophilic low affinity lectin LecA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:7933-48. [PMID: 27488655 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01313a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Infections with the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa result in a high mortality among immunocompromised patients and those with cystic fibrosis. The pathogen can switch from planktonic life to biofilms, and thereby shields itself against antibiotic treatment and host immune defense to establish chronic infections. The bacterial protein LecA, a C-type lectin, is a virulence factor and an integral component for biofilm formation. Inhibition of LecA with its carbohydrate ligands results in reduced biofilm mass, a potential Achilles heel for treatment. Here, we report the development and optimization of a fluorescence polarization-based competitive binding assay with LecA for application in screening of potential inhibitors. As a consequence of the low affinity of d-galactose for LecA, the fluorescent ligand was optimized to reduce protein consumption in the assay. The assay was validated using a set of known inhibitors of LecA and IC50 values in good agreement with the known Kd values were obtained. Finally, we employed the optimized assay to screen sets of synthetic thio-galactosides and natural blood group antigens and report their structure-activity relationship. In addition, we evaluated a multivalent fluorescent assay probe for LecA and report its applicability in an inhibition assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Joachim
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany. and Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover, Braunschweig, Germany and Department of Chemistry and Graduate School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rikker
- Department of Chemistry and Graduate School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Dirk Hauck
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany. and Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniela Ponader
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sophia Boden
- Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roman Sommer
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany. and Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany. and Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover, Braunschweig, Germany and Department of Chemistry and Graduate School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
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18
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Pérez-Pérez M, Jorge P, Pérez Rodríguez G, Pereira MO, Lourenço A. Quorum sensing inhibition in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms: new insights through network mining. BIOFOULING 2017; 33:128-142. [PMID: 28121162 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2016.1272104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Quorum sensing plays a pivotal role in Pseudomonas aeruginosa's virulence. This paper reviews experimental results on antimicrobial strategies based on quorum sensing inhibition and discusses current targets in the regulatory network that determines P. aeruginosa biofilm formation and virulence. A bioinformatics framework combining literature mining with information from biomedical ontologies and curated databases was used to create a knowledge network of potential anti-quorum sensing agents for P. aeruginosa. A total of 110 scientific articles, corresponding to 1,004 annotations, were so far included in the network and are analysed in this work. Information on the most studied agents, QS targets and methods is detailed. This knowledge network offers a unique view of existing strategies for quorum sensing inhibition and their main regulatory targets and may be used to readily access otherwise scattered information and to help generate new testable hypotheses. This knowledge network is publicly available at http://pcquorum.org/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Pérez-Pérez
- a ESEI - Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Informática , Universidad de Vigo , Ourense , Spain
| | - Paula Jorge
- b CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira , University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
| | - Gael Pérez Rodríguez
- a ESEI - Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Informática , Universidad de Vigo , Ourense , Spain
| | - Maria Olívia Pereira
- b CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira , University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
| | - Anália Lourenço
- a ESEI - Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Informática , Universidad de Vigo , Ourense , Spain
- c CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering , University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
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19
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Abstract
Proteinaceous components of the biofilm matrix include secreted extracellular proteins, cell surface adhesins, and protein subunits of cell appendages such as flagella and pili. Biofilm matrix proteins play diverse roles in biofilm formation and dissolution. They are involved in attaching cells to surfaces, stabilizing the biofilm matrix via interactions with exopolysaccharide and nucleic acid components, developing three-dimensional biofilm architectures, and dissolving biofilm matrix via enzymatic degradation of polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids. In this article, we will review functions of matrix proteins in a selected set of microorganisms, studies of the matrix proteomes of Vibrio cholerae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and roles of outer membrane vesicles and of nucleoid-binding proteins in biofilm formation.
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20
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Cott C, Thuenauer R, Landi A, Kühn K, Juillot S, Imberty A, Madl J, Eierhoff T, Römer W. Pseudomonas aeruginosa lectin LecB inhibits tissue repair processes by triggering β-catenin degradation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:1106-18. [PMID: 26862060 PMCID: PMC4859328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that induces severe lung infections such as ventilator-associated pneumonia and acute lung injury. Under these conditions, the bacterium diminishes epithelial integrity and inhibits tissue repair mechanisms, leading to persistent infections. Understanding the involved bacterial virulence factors and their mode of action is essential for the development of new therapeutic approaches. In our study we discovered a so far unknown effect of the P. aeruginosa lectin LecB on host cell physiology. LecB alone was sufficient to attenuate migration and proliferation of human lung epithelial cells and to induce transcriptional activity of NF-κB. These effects are characteristic of impaired tissue repair. Moreover, we found a strong degradation of β-catenin, which was partially recovered by the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin. In addition, LecB induced loss of cell-cell contacts and reduced expression of the β-catenin targets c-myc and cyclin D1. Blocking of LecB binding to host cell plasma membrane receptors by soluble l-fucose prevented these changes in host cell behavior and signaling, and thereby provides a powerful strategy to suppress LecB function. Our findings suggest that P. aeruginosa employs LecB as a virulence factor to induce β-catenin degradation, which then represses processes that are directly linked to tissue recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Cott
- Faculty of Biology, Schänzlestraße 1, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Schänzlestraße 18, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roland Thuenauer
- Faculty of Biology, Schänzlestraße 1, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Schänzlestraße 18, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alessia Landi
- Faculty of Biology, Schänzlestraße 1, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Schänzlestraße 18, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katja Kühn
- Faculty of Biology, Schänzlestraße 1, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Schänzlestraße 18, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Juillot
- Faculty of Biology, Schänzlestraße 1, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Schänzlestraße 18, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Albertstraße 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne Imberty
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales, UPR5301 CNRS and University of Grenoble Alpes, BP53, 38041 Grenoble cédex 09, France
| | - Josef Madl
- Faculty of Biology, Schänzlestraße 1, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Schänzlestraße 18, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Eierhoff
- Faculty of Biology, Schänzlestraße 1, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Schänzlestraße 18, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Römer
- Faculty of Biology, Schänzlestraße 1, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Schänzlestraße 18, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Albertstraße 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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21
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Buffet K, Nierengarten I, Galanos N, Gillon E, Holler M, Imberty A, Matthews SE, Vidal S, Vincent SP, Nierengarten JF. Pillar[5]arene-Based Glycoclusters: Synthesis and Multivalent Binding to Pathogenic Bacterial Lectins. Chemistry 2016; 22:2955-63. [PMID: 26845383 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of pillar[5]arene-based glycoclusters has been readily achieved by CuAAC conjugations of azido- and alkyne-functionalized precursors. The lectin binding properties of the resulting glycosylated multivalent ligands have been studied by at least two complementary techniques to provide a good understanding. Three lectins were selected from bacterial pathogens based on their potential therapeutic applications as anti-adhesives, namely LecA and LecB from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and BambL from Burkholderia ambifaria. As a general trend, multivalency improved the binding to lectins and a higher affinity can be obtained by increasing to a certain limit the length of the spacer arm between the carbohydrate subunits and the central macrocyclic core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Buffet
- University of Namur (UNamur), Académie Louvain, Département de Chimie, Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organique, rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000, Belgium
| | - Iwona Nierengarten
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires, Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7509), Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM), 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Nicolas Galanos
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, CO2-Glyco, UMR 5246, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 6922, Villeurbanne, France.,CERMAV-CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble, France
| | - Emilie Gillon
- CERMAV-CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble, France
| | - Michel Holler
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires, Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7509), Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM), 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Anne Imberty
- CERMAV-CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble, France.
| | - Susan E Matthews
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Sébastien Vidal
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, CO2-Glyco, UMR 5246, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 6922, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Stéphane P Vincent
- University of Namur (UNamur), Académie Louvain, Département de Chimie, Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organique, rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000, Belgium.
| | - Jean-François Nierengarten
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires, Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7509), Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM), 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France.
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22
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Sommer R, Hauck D, Varrot A, Wagner S, Audfray A, Prestel A, Möller HM, Imberty A, Titz A. Cinnamide Derivatives of d-Mannose as Inhibitors of the Bacterial Virulence Factor LecB from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ChemistryOpen 2015; 4:756-67. [PMID: 27308201 PMCID: PMC4906503 DOI: 10.1002/open.201500162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic Gram-negative pathogen with high antibiotic resistance. Its lectin LecB was identified as a virulence factor and is relevant in bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. Inhibition of LecB with carbohydrate-based ligands results in a decrease in toxicity and biofilm formation. We recently discovered two classes of potent drug-like glycomimetic inhibitors, that is, sulfonamides and cinnamides of d-mannose. Here, we describe the chemical synthesis and biochemical evaluation of more than 20 derivatives with increased potency compared to the unsubstituted cinnamide. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) obtained and the extended biophysical characterization allowed the experimental determination of the binding mode of these cinnamides with LecB. The established surface binding mode now allows future rational structure-based drug design. Importantly, all glycomimetics tested showed extended receptor residence times with half-lives in the 5-20 min range, a prerequisite for therapeutic application. Thus, the glycomimetics described here provide an excellent basis for future development of anti-infectives against this multidrug-resistant pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Sommer
- Chemical Biology of CarbohydratesHelmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Universitätsstrasse 1066123SaarbrückenGermany
- Department of Chemistry and Graduate School Chemical BiologyUniversity of Konstanz78457KonstanzGermany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF)Inhoffenstraße 738124BraunschweigGermany
| | - Dirk Hauck
- Chemical Biology of CarbohydratesHelmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Universitätsstrasse 1066123SaarbrückenGermany
- Department of Chemistry and Graduate School Chemical BiologyUniversity of Konstanz78457KonstanzGermany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF)Inhoffenstraße 738124BraunschweigGermany
| | - Annabelle Varrot
- Centre de Recherche sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-UPR5301)CNRS and Université Grenoble Alpes, BP5338041Grenoble cedex 9France
| | - Stefanie Wagner
- Chemical Biology of CarbohydratesHelmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Universitätsstrasse 1066123SaarbrückenGermany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF)Inhoffenstraße 738124BraunschweigGermany
| | - Aymeric Audfray
- Centre de Recherche sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-UPR5301)CNRS and Université Grenoble Alpes, BP5338041Grenoble cedex 9France
| | - Andreas Prestel
- Department of Chemistry and Graduate School Chemical BiologyUniversity of Konstanz78457KonstanzGermany
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Potsdam14476PotsdamGermany
| | - Heiko M. Möller
- Department of Chemistry and Graduate School Chemical BiologyUniversity of Konstanz78457KonstanzGermany
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Potsdam14476PotsdamGermany
| | - Anne Imberty
- Centre de Recherche sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-UPR5301)CNRS and Université Grenoble Alpes, BP5338041Grenoble cedex 9France
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical Biology of CarbohydratesHelmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Universitätsstrasse 1066123SaarbrückenGermany
- Department of Chemistry and Graduate School Chemical BiologyUniversity of Konstanz78457KonstanzGermany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF)Inhoffenstraße 738124BraunschweigGermany
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23
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Meng F, Babujee L, Jacobs JM, Allen C. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Cool Virulence Factors of Ralstonia solanacearum Race 3 Biovar 2. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139090. [PMID: 26445498 PMCID: PMC4596706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While most strains of the plant pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum are tropical, the race 3 biovar 2 (R3bv2) subgroup attacks plants in cooler climates. To identify mechanisms underlying this trait, we compared the transcriptional profiles of R. solanacearum R3bv2 strain UW551 and tropical strain GMI1000 at 20°C and 28°C, both in culture and during tomato pathogenesis. 4.2% of the ORFs in the UW551 genome and 7.9% of the GMI1000 ORFs were differentially expressed by temperature in planta. The two strains had distinct transcriptional responses to temperature change. GMI1000 up-regulated several stress response genes at 20°C, apparently struggling to cope with plant defenses. At the cooler temperature, R3bv2 strain UW551 up-regulated a cluster encoding a mannose-fucose binding lectin, LecM; a quorum sensing-dependent protein, AidA; and a related hypothetical protein, AidC. The last two genes are absent from the GMI1000 genome. In UW551, all three genes were positively regulated by the adjacent SolI/R quorum sensing system. These temperature-responsive genes were required for full virulence in R3bv2. Mutants lacking lecM, aidA, or aidC were each significantly more reduced in virulence on tomato at 20°C than at 28°C in both a naturalistic soil soak inoculation assay and when they were inoculated directly into tomato stems. The lecM and aidC mutants also survived poorly in potato tubers at the seed tuber storage temperature of 4°C, and the lecM mutant was defective in biofilm formation in vitro. Together, these results suggest novel mechanisms, including a lectin, are involved in the unique temperate epidemiology of R3bv2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanhong Meng
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States of America
| | - Lavanya Babujee
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States of America
| | - Jonathan M. Jacobs
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States of America
| | - Caitilyn Allen
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States of America
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24
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Boukerb AM, Rousset A, Galanos N, Méar JB, Thépaut M, Grandjean T, Gillon E, Cecioni S, Abderrahmen C, Faure K, Redelberger D, Kipnis E, Dessein R, Havet S, Darblade B, Matthews SE, de Bentzmann S, Guéry B, Cournoyer B, Imberty A, Vidal S. Antiadhesive properties of glycoclusters against Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. J Med Chem 2014; 57:10275-89. [PMID: 25419855 DOI: 10.1021/jm500038p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections are a major cause of death in cystic fibrosis and hospitalized patients. Treating these infections is becoming difficult due to the emergence of conventional antimicrobial multiresistance. While monosaccharides have proved beneficial against such bacterial lung infection, the design of several multivalent glycosylated macromolecules has been shown to be also beneficial on biofilm dispersion. In this study, calix[4]arene-based glycoclusters functionalized with galactosides or fucosides have been synthesized. The characterization of their inhibitory properties on Pseudomonas aeruginosa aggregation, biofilm formation, adhesion on epithelial cells, and destruction of alveolar tissues were performed. The antiadhesive properties of the designed glycoclusters were demonstrated through several in vitro bioassays. An in vivo mouse model of lung infection provided an almost complete protection against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with the designed glycoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine M Boukerb
- Equipe de Recherche, Bactéries Pathogènes Opportunistes et Environnement, UMR CNRS 5557 Ecologie Microbienne, Université Lyon 1 & VetAgro Sup , 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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25
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The hierarchy quorum sensing network in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Protein Cell 2014; 6:26-41. [PMID: 25249263 PMCID: PMC4286720 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-014-0100-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 724] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes severe and persistent infections in immune compromised individuals and cystic fibrosis sufferers. The infection is hard to eradicate as P. aeruginosa has developed strong resistance to most conventional antibiotics. The problem is further compounded by the ability of the pathogen to form biofilm matrix, which provides bacterial cells a protected environment withstanding various stresses including antibiotics. Quorum sensing (QS), a cell density-based intercellular communication system, which plays a key role in regulation of the bacterial virulence and biofilm formation, could be a promising target for developing new strategies against P. aeruginosa infection. The QS network of P. aeruginosa is organized in a multi-layered hierarchy consisting of at least four interconnected signaling mechanisms. Evidence is accumulating that the QS regulatory network not only responds to bacterial population changes but also could react to environmental stress cues. This plasticity should be taken into consideration during exploration and development of anti-QS therapeutics.
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26
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Venkatakrishnan V, Packer NH, Thaysen-Andersen M. Host mucin glycosylation plays a role in bacterial adhesion in lungs of individuals with cystic fibrosis. Expert Rev Respir Med 2014; 7:553-76. [DOI: 10.1586/17476348.2013.837752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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27
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Titz A. Carbohydrate-Based Anti-Virulence Compounds Against Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections with a Focus on Small Molecules. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2014_44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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28
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Altura MA, Heath-Heckman EAC, Gillette A, Kremer N, Krachler AM, Brennan C, Ruby EG, Orth K, McFall-Ngai MJ. The first engagement of partners in the Euprymna scolopes-Vibrio fischeri symbiosis is a two-step process initiated by a few environmental symbiont cells. Environ Microbiol 2013; 15:2937-50. [PMID: 23819708 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We studied the Euprymna scolopes-Vibrio fischeri symbiosis to characterize, in vivo and in real time, the transition between the bacterial partner's free-living and symbiotic life styles. Previous studies using high inocula demonstrated that environmental V. fischeri cells aggregate during a 3 h period in host-shed mucus along the light organ's superficial ciliated epithelia. Under lower inoculum conditions, similar to the levels of symbiont cells in the environment, this interaction induces haemocyte trafficking into these tissues. Here, in experiments simulating natural conditions, microscopy revealed that at 3 h following first exposure, only ∼ 5 V. fischeri cells aggregated on the organ surface. These cells associated with host cilia and induced haemocyte trafficking. Symbiont viability was essential and mutants defective in symbiosis initiation and/or production of certain surface features, including the Mam7 protein, which is implicated in host cell attachment of V. cholerae, associated normally with host cilia. Studies with exopolysaccharide mutants, which are defective in aggregation, suggest a two-step process of V. fischeri cell engagement: association with host cilia followed by aggregation, i.e. host cell-symbiont interaction with subsequent symbiont-symbiont cell interaction. Taken together, these data provide a new model of early partner engagement, a complex model of host-symbiont interaction with exquisite sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Altura
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | - Amani Gillette
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Natacha Kremer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Krachler
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Caitlin Brennan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Edward G Ruby
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Kim Orth
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Margaret J McFall-Ngai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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29
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Bucior I, Abbott J, Song Y, Matthay MA, Engel JN. Sugar administration is an effective adjunctive therapy in the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L352-63. [PMID: 23792737 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00387.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of acute and chronic pulmonary infections caused by opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is limited by the increasing frequency of multidrug bacterial resistance. Here, we describe a novel adjunctive therapy in which administration of a mix of simple sugars-mannose, fucose, and galactose-inhibits bacterial attachment, limits lung damage, and potentiates conventional antibiotic therapy. The sugar mixture inhibits adhesion of nonmucoid and mucoid P. aeruginosa strains to bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. In a murine model of acute pneumonia, treatment with the sugar mixture alone diminishes lung damage, bacterial dissemination to the subpleural alveoli, and neutrophil- and IL-8-driven inflammatory responses. Remarkably, the sugars act synergistically with anti-Pseudomonas antibiotics, including β-lactams and quinolones, to further reduce bacterial lung colonization and damage. To probe the mechanism, we examined the effects of sugars in the presence or absence of antibiotics during growth in liquid culture and in an ex vivo infection model utilizing freshly dissected mouse tracheas and lungs. We demonstrate that the sugar mixture induces rapid but reversible formation of bacterial clusters that exhibited enhanced susceptibility to antibiotics compared with individual bacteria. Our findings reveal that sugar inhalation, an inexpensive and safe therapeutic, could be used in combination with conventional antibiotic therapy to more effectively treat P. aeruginosa lung infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Bucior
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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30
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Roux D, Ricard JD. Nouveautés et perspectives thérapeutiques des pneumonies acquises sous ventilation mécanique à Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MEDECINE INTENSIVE REANIMATION 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13546-013-0679-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Funken H, Bartels KM, Wilhelm S, Brocker M, Bott M, Bains M, Hancock REW, Rosenau F, Jaeger KE. Specific association of lectin LecB with the surface of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: role of outer membrane protein OprF. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46857. [PMID: 23056489 PMCID: PMC3466170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The fucose binding lectin LecB affects biofilm formation and is involved in pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. LecB resides in the outer membrane and can be released specifically by treatment of an outer membrane fraction with fucose suggesting that it binds to specific ligands. Here, we report that LecB binds to the outer membrane protein OprF. In an OprF-deficient P. aeruginosa mutant, LecB is no longer detectable in the membrane but instead in the culture supernatant indicating a specific interaction between LecB and OprF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horst Funken
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Juelich, Germany
| | - Kai-Malte Bartels
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Juelich, Germany
| | - Susanne Wilhelm
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Juelich, Germany
| | - Melanie Brocker
- Institute of Bio- and Geoscience 1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Michael Bott
- Institute of Bio- and Geoscience 1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Manjeet Bains
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Robert E. W. Hancock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Frank Rosenau
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm-University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Juelich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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32
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Hurley MN, Cámara M, Smyth AR. Novel approaches to the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in cystic fibrosis. Eur Respir J 2012; 40:1014-23. [PMID: 22743672 PMCID: PMC3461346 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00042012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa chronically infects patients with cystic fibrosis and is associated with greater morbidity. There has been limited progress on the clinical development of new antibiotics with novel modes of action. This review addresses some of the latest research developments on the exploitation of candidate adjuvant therapeutic agents that may act alongside conventional antibiotics as an alternative therapeutic strategy. After considering key mechanisms this opportunistic pathogen employs to control virulence, the progress of various strategies including the inhibition of quorum sensing, efflux pumps and lectins, and the use of iron chelators, bacteriophages, immunisation and immunotherapy is reviewed. Both therapeutic approaches in early development and clinical phase are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N Hurley
- Dept of Child Health, University of Nottingham, E Floor, East Block, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UHUK.
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33
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Gustke H, Kleene R, Loers G, Nehmann N, Jaehne M, Bartels KM, Jaeger KE, Schachner M, Schumacher U. Inhibition of the bacterial lectins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with monosaccharides and peptides. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 31:207-15. [PMID: 21604096 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-011-1295-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) can cause infections in compromised hosts by interacting with the glycocalyx of host epithelial cells. It binds to glycostructures on mucosal surfaces via two lectins, which are carbohydrate-binding proteins, named PA-IL and PA-IIL, and blocking this interaction is, thus, an attractive anti-adhesive strategy. The aim of this study was to determine by ciliary beat frequency (CBF) analysis whether monosaccharides or peptides mimicking glycostructures represent blockers of PA lectin binding to human airway cilia. The treatment with monosaccharides and peptides alone did not change the CBF compared to controls and the tested compounds did not influence the cell morphology or survival, with the exception of peptide pOM3. PA-IL caused a decrease of the CBF within 24 h. D-galactose as well as the peptides mimicking HNK-1, polysialic acid and fucose compensated the CBF-modulating effect of PA-IL with different affinities. PA-IIL also bound to the human airway cilia in cell culture and resulted in a decrease of the CBF within 24 h. L(-)-fucose and pHNK-1 blocked the CBF-decreasing effect of PA-IIL. The HNK-1-specific glycomimetic peptide had a high affinity for binding to both PA-IL and PA-IIL, and inhibited the ciliotoxic effect of both lectins, thus, making it a strong candidate for a therapeutic anti-adhesive drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Gustke
- Department of Anatomy II: Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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34
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Glycosylation is required for outer membrane localization of the lectin LecB in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Bacteriol 2011; 193:1107-13. [PMID: 21217000 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01507-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The fucose-/mannose-specific lectin LecB from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is transported to the outer membrane; however, the mechanism used is not known so far. Here, we report that LecB is present in the periplasm of P. aeruginosa in two variants of different sizes. Both were functional and could be purified by their affinity to mannose. The difference in size was shown by a specific enzyme assay to be a result of N glycosylation, and inactivation of the glycosylation sites was shown by site-directed mutagenesis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this glycosylation is required for the transport of LecB.
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35
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Gilboa-Garber N, Zinger-Yosovich KD, Sudakevitz D, Lerrer B, Imberty A, Wimmerova M, Wu AM, Garber NC. The five bacterial lectins (PA-IL, PA-IIL, RSL, RS-IIL, and CV-IIL): interactions with diverse animal cells and glycoproteins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 705:155-211. [PMID: 21618109 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7877-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nechama Gilboa-Garber
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel.
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36
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Abstract
Carbohydrates are the most abundant natural products. Besides their role in metabolism and as structural building blocks, they are fundamental constituents of every cell surface, where they are involved in vital cellular recognition processes. Carbohydrates are a relatively untapped source of new drugs and therefore offer exciting new therapeutic opportunities. Advances in the functional understanding of carbohydrate-protein interactions have enabled the development of a new class of small-molecule drugs, known as glycomimetics. These compounds mimic the bioactive function of carbohydrates and address the drawbacks of carbohydrate leads, namely their low activity and insufficient drug-like properties. Here, we examine examples of approved carbohydrate-derived drugs, discuss the potential of carbohydrate-binding proteins as new drug targets (focusing on the lectin families) and consider ways to overcome the challenges of developing this unique class of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beat Ernst
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, Basel, Switzerland.
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37
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Hauber HP, Schulz M, Pforte A, Mack D, Zabel P, Schumacher U. Inhalation with fucose and galactose for treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis patients. Int J Med Sci 2008; 5:371-6. [PMID: 19043609 PMCID: PMC2586681 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.5.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2008] [Accepted: 11/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colonisation of cystic fibrosis (CF) lungs with Pseudomonas aeruginosa is facilitated by two lectins, which bind to the sugar coat of the surface lining epithelia and stop the cilia beating. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that P. aeruginosa lung infection should be cleared by inhalation of fucose and galactose, which compete for the sugar binding site of the two lectins and thus inhibit the binding of P. aeruginosa. METHODS 11 adult CF patients with chronic infection with P. aeruginosa were treated twice daily with inhalation of a fucose/galactose solution for 21 days (4 patients only received inhalation, 7 patients received inhalation and intravenous antibiotics). Microbial counts of P. aeruginosa, lung function measurements, and inflammatory markers were determined before and after treatment. RESULTS The sugar inhalation was well tolerated and no adverse side effects were observed. Inhalation alone as well as combined therapy (inhalation and antibiotics) significantly decreased P. aeruginosa in sputum (P < 0.05). Both therapies also significantly reduced TNFalpha expression in sputum and peripheral blood cells (P < 0.05). No change in lung function measurements was observed. CONCLUSIONS Inhalation of simple sugars is a safe and effective measure to reduce the P. aeruginosa counts in CF patients. This may provide an alternative therapeutical approach to treat infection with P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Peter Hauber
- Department of Medicine, Medical Clinic, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany.
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38
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Marotte K, Sabin C, Préville C, Moumé-Pymbock M, Wimmerová M, Mitchell EP, Imberty A, Roy R. X-ray Structures and Thermodynamics of the Interaction of PA-IIL fromPseudomonas aeruginosa with Disaccharide Derivatives. ChemMedChem 2007; 2:1328-38. [PMID: 17623286 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200700100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterium showing increasing resistance to antibiotics and consequently represents elevated threatening problems in hospital environments, particularly for cystic fibrosis patients. The use of glycomimetics as an anti-adhesive strategy against microorganisms may complement the use of antibiotics. PA-IIL lectin (LecB) from P. aeruginosa constitutes an appealing target for antibacterial agents, as it has been proposed to play a key role in binding to airway epithelia and/or to be involved in biofilm formation. The lectin has an unusually high affinity for L-fucose and related oligosaccharides. In the work presented herein, the disaccharide alphaFuc1-4GlcNAc is used as a scaffold toward the synthesis of a series of glycomimetic derivatives. Microcalorimetry and structural studies indicate that several of the derivatives are potent inhibitors of the lectin, with affinity in the same range as the best known natural ligand, Lewis a, and could represent interesting leads for the development of future antibacterial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Marotte
- Equipe PharmaQAM, Département de Chimie et de Biochimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal (Québec) H3C 3P8, Canada
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39
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Adam EC, Holgate ST, Lackie PM. Epithelial repair is inhibited by an alpha(1,6)-fucose binding lectin. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2006; 292:L462-8. [PMID: 17028261 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00292.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective repair of damage to the airway epithelium is essential to maintain the ability to exclude airborne particulates and protect against potential pathogens. Carbohydrates on the cell surface have an important role in cell-cell and cell substrate interactions. Using a model of repair with airway epithelial-derived cells of the 16HBE 14o(-) cell line, we have examined the effect of the Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL), which binds very selectively to alpha(1,6)-linked fucose residues. Addition of unconjugated or FITC-labeled AAL reduced the rate of epithelial repair to approximately one-third of control values as measured by image analysis while cell viability was maintained. Pulse labeling with AAL-FITC for 30 min followed by incubation in AAL-free medium caused similar inhibition of repair but could be reversed by addition of fucose up to 7 h after AAL removal. By confocal microscopy, AAL binding was found to be on the apical, but not basolateral, surfaces of cells, and internalization of the labeled lectin was seen. Preincubation of the lectin with fucose prevented this effect. Ulex europeaus I lectin, which is also fucose specific, resulted in similar binding to the cells and internalization, but it did not affect the speed of the repair process. We conclude that alpha(1,6)-fucose binding sites play an important role in epithelial repair. Better understanding of this process will provide a deeper insight into the crucial mechanisms of epithelial repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Adam
- Allergy and Inflammation Research, Division of Infection Inflammation and Repair, Univ. of Southampton, MP12, Biomedical Imaging Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom.
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40
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Wu AM, Wu JH, Singh T, Liu JH, Tsai MS, Gilboa-Garber N. Interactions of the fucose-specific Pseudomonas aeruginosa lectin, PA-IIL, with mammalian glycoconjugates bearing polyvalent Lewisa and ABH blood group glycotopes. Biochimie 2006; 88:1479-92. [PMID: 16762477 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2006.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2005] [Accepted: 05/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Fuc > Man specific lectin, PA-IIL, is an important microbial agglutinin that might be involved in P. aeruginosa infections in humans. In order to delineate the structures of these lectin receptors, its detailed carbohydrate recognition profile was studied both by microtiter plate biotin/avidin-mediated enzyme-lectin-glycan binding assay (ELLSA) and by inhibition of the lectin-glycan interaction. Among 40 glycans tested for binding, PA-IIL reacted well with all human blood group ABH and Le(a)/Le(b) active glycoproteins (gps), but weakly or not at all with their precursor gps and N-linked gps. Among the sugar ligands tested by the inhibition assay, the Le(a) pentasaccharide lacto-N-fucopentaose II (LNFP II, Galbeta1-3[Fucalpha1-4]GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc) was the most potent one, being 10 and 38 times more active than the Le(x) pentasaccharide (LNFP III, Galbeta1-4 [Fucalpha1-3]GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc) and sialyl Le(x) (Neu5Acalpha2-3Galbeta1-4[Fucalpha1-3] GlcNAc), respectively. It was 120 times more active than Man, while Gal and GalNAc were inactive. The decreasing order of PA-IIL affinity for the oligosaccharides tested was: Le(a) pentaose > or = sialyl Le(a) tetraose > methyl alphaFuc > Fuc and Fucalpha1-2Gal (H disaccharide)>2'-fucosyllactose (H trisaccharide), Le(x) pentaose, Le(b) hexaose (LNDFH I) and gluco-analogue of Le(y) tetraose (LDFT)>H type I determinant (LNFP I)>Le(x) trisaccharide (Galbeta1-4[Fucalpha1-3]GlcNAc) > sialyl Le(x) trisaccharide >> Man >>> Gal, GalNAc, and Glc (inactive). The results presented here, in accordance with the crystal 3D structural data, imply that the combining site of PA-IIL is a small cavity-type best fitting Fucalpha1- with a specific shallow groove subsite for the remainder part of the Le(a) saccharides, and that polyvalent glycotopes enhance the reactivity. The Fuc > Man Ralstonia solanacearum lectin RSL, which resembles PA-IIL in sugar specificity, differs from it in it's better fit to the B and A followed by H oligosaccharides vs. Fuc, whereas, the second R. solanacearum lectin RS-IIL (the structural homologue of PA-IIL) binds Man > Fuc. These results provide a valuable information on PA-IIL interactions with mammalian glycoforms and the possible spectrum of attachment sites for the homing of this aggressive bacterium onto the target molecules. Such information might be useful for the antiadhesive therapy of P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Wu
- Glyco-Immunochemistry Research Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Kwei San, Tao Yuan 333, Taiwan.
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Vajner L, Uhlík J, Konrádová V, Klescová A, Adásková J. Local administration of 2% trimecaine affects the content of fucosylated glycoconjugates in goblet cells in rabbit tracheal epithelium. Int J Exp Pathol 2006; 87:283-8. [PMID: 16875493 PMCID: PMC2517373 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2006.00483.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The proportion of fucosylated glycoconjugate-containing rabbit tracheal goblet cells after intratracheal application of trimecaine was studied to evaluate its possible unfavourable effects. This lapine model is comparable with diagnostic findings in humans because airway epithelia in humans and rabbits are similar; tracheal epithelium is also practically identical to bronchial epithelium in both species. Local trimecaine anaesthesia caused a proportional decrease in percentage of the tracheal goblet cells containing both alpha(1-2)- and alpha(1-6)-, alpha(1-3)- and alpha(1-4)-fucosylated glycoconjugates as revealed 10 min postexposure using lectin histochemistry. In previous studies, only mild ultrastructural damage to the airway's epithelium was revealed, but a conspicuous decrease in sialylated glycoconjugate-containing tracheal goblet cells and the dominance of acidic sulphated glycoconjugates were observed as after-effects of the same treatment. Glycoconjugate changes can influence the inner environment of airways (e.g. viscoelastic properties of the airways' mucus and mucosal barrier functions) and thus the patient's defence barriers in airways may be weakened. Concurrently, the histochemical properties of goblet cells can be altered in bronchoscopic specimens. Since trimecaine is widely used as local anaesthesia in airways in bronchoscopy, it is necessary to heed these aforementioned effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludek Vajner
- Department of Histology and Embryology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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42
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Tielker D, Hacker S, Loris R, Strathmann M, Wingender J, Wilhelm S, Rosenau F, Jaeger KE. Pseudomonas aeruginosa lectin LecB is located in the outer membrane and is involved in biofilm formation. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2005; 151:1313-1323. [PMID: 15870442 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.27701-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen which causes a variety of diseases, including respiratory tract infections in patients suffering from cystic fibrosis. Therapeutic treatment of P. aeruginosa infections is still very difficult because the bacteria exhibit high intrinsic resistance against a variety of different antibiotics and, in addition, form stable biofilms, e.g. in the human lung. Several virulence factors are produced by P. aeruginosa, among them the two lectins LecA and LecB, which exert different cytotoxic effects on respiratory epithelial cells and presumably facilitate bacterial adhesion to the airway mucosa. Here, the physiology has been studied of the lectin LecB, which binds specifically to L-fucose. A LecB-deficient P. aeruginosa mutant was shown to be impaired in biofilm formation when compared with the wild-type strain, suggesting an important role for LecB in this process. This result prompted an investigation of the subcellular localization of LecB by cell fractionation and subsequent immunoblotting. The results show that LecB is abundantly present in the bacterial outer-membrane fraction. It is further demonstrated that LecB could be released specifically by treatment of the outer-membrane fraction with p-nitrophenyl alpha-L-fucose, whereas treatment with D-galactose had no effect. In contrast, a LecB protein carrying the mutation D104A, which results in a defective sugar-binding site, was no longer detectable in the membrane fraction, suggesting that LecB binds to specific carbohydrate ligands located at the bacterial cell surface. Staining of biofilm cells using fluorescently labelled LecB confirmed the presence of these ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Tielker
- Institut für Molekulare Enzymtechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Juelich, D-52426 Juelich, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hacker
- Lehrstuhl für Biologie der Mikroorganismen, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Remy Loris
- Laboratorium voor Ultrastructuur, Vlaams Interuniversitair Instituut voor Biotechnologie and Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Martin Strathmann
- Biofilm Centre, Abteilung Aquatische Mikrobiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Jost Wingender
- Biofilm Centre, Abteilung Aquatische Mikrobiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Wilhelm
- Institut für Molekulare Enzymtechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Juelich, D-52426 Juelich, Germany
| | - Frank Rosenau
- Institut für Molekulare Enzymtechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Juelich, D-52426 Juelich, Germany
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institut für Molekulare Enzymtechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Juelich, D-52426 Juelich, Germany
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Imberty A, wimmerová M, Mitchell EP, Gilboa-Garber N. Structures of the lectins from Pseudomonas aeruginosa: insights into the molecular basis for host glycan recognition. Microbes Infect 2004; 6:221-8. [PMID: 15049333 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2003.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The opportunistic human pathogen Psuedomonas aeruginosa produces two lectins in close association with virulence factors: PA-IL adn PA-IIL, which bind to galactose- and fucose/mannose-containing glycoconjugates, respectively. We review here the structural aspects of these lectins relative to their putative roles in host recognition, cell surface adhesion and biofilm formation.
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Vajner L, Konrádová V, Uhlík J, Adásková J. The effects of intravenously administered methylxanthines on the proportion of goblet cells containing fucosylated glycoconjugates in rabbit tracheal epithelium. Acta Histochem 2004; 106:47-54. [PMID: 15032328 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2003.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The proportion of goblet cells containing various fucosylated glycoconjugates was evaluated with the use of lectin histochemistry in rabbit tracheal epithelium at 15 and 30 min after intravenous administration of either aminophylline (Syntophyllin) or a mixture of etophylline and theophylline (Oxantil). Methylxanthine derivatives are nonspecific inhibitors of phosphodiesterases that are used to treat bronchial asthma; the proportion of fucosylated glycoconjugates strongly affects rheologic properties of respiratory tract mucus. It is concluded that administration of Syntophyllin dramatically lowered the proportion of goblet cells containing fucosylated glycoconjugates in rabbit tracheal epithelium, especially at 30 min after exposure. This decrease was strongest in the levels of alpha(1-2)-fucosylated glycoconjugates. Therefore, Syntophyllin substantially altered the composition and viscoelastic properties of mucus of the upper respiratory tract. The vasodilator Oxantil exerted less pronounced changes in the proportion of goblet cells, but the strongest effect was again found in the levels of alpha(1-2)-fucosylated glycoconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludek Vajner
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5-Motol, CZ-15006, Czech Republic.
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45
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Loris R, Tielker D, Jaeger KE, Wyns L. Structural basis of carbohydrate recognition by the lectin LecB from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Mol Biol 2003; 331:861-70. [PMID: 12909014 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(03)00754-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa fucose-specific lectin LecB was determined in its metal-bound and metal-free state as well as in complex with fucose, mannose and fructopyranose. All three monosaccharides bind isosterically via direct interactions with two calcium ions as well as direct hydrogen bonds with several side-chains. The higher affinity for fucose is explained by the details of the binding site around C6 and O1 of fucose. In the mannose and fructose complexes, a carboxylate oxygen atom and one or two hydroxyl groups are partly shielded from solvent upon sugar binding, preventing them from completely fulfilling their hydrogen bonding potential. In the fucose complex, no such defects are observed. Instead, C6 makes favourable interactions with a small hydrophobic patch. Upon demetallization, the C terminus as well as the otherwise rigid metal-binding loop become more mobile and adopt multiple conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy Loris
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laboratorium voor Ultrastructuur Instituut voor Moleculaire Biologie, Gebouw E, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussel, Belgium.
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46
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Mason PS, Adam E, Prior M, Warner JO, Randall CJ. Effect of bacterial endotoxin and middle ear effusion on ciliary activity: implications for otitis media. Laryngoscope 2002; 112:676-80. [PMID: 12150522 DOI: 10.1097/00005537-200204000-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Otitis media with effusion (OME) is the most common cause of childhood deafness. The pathogenesis is not fully understood, especially the reasons for failure of mucociliary clearance of the middle ear. It is not clear whether the cilia function normally in the middle ear and eustachian tube in the chronic phase of otitis media with effusion. However, impaired ciliary function in primary ciliary dyskinesia is known to be frequently associated with the development of otitis media with effusion. We hypothesized that endotoxin or the bacterial products in middle ear fluid in otitis media with effusion would adversely affect ciliary activity, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of the disease. STUDY DESIGN Laboratory-based study of human ciliary activity with reference to otitis media with effusion. METHODS We have studied the activity of human adenoidal cilia under various conditions. Ciliary activity in the presence of Haemophilus influenzae endotoxin additions (at varying concentrations) to cultured adenoidal explants has been measured. In addition, ciliary activity of these explants was also observed after addition of middle ear effusion aspirated from patients. RESULTS We have shown that endotoxin in concentrations far in excess of those found in the middle ear with chronic otitis media with effusion had no effect on ciliary activity. Furthermore, ciliary activity was completely unaffected by the presence of middle ear effusion. CONCLUSION There is no evidence that ciliary activity is reduced by the constituents of middle ear fluid in chronic otitis media with effusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Mason
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Southampton University Hospitals Trust, UK
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Rhim AD, Stoykova L, Glick MC, Scanlin TF. Terminal glycosylation in cystic fibrosis (CF): a review emphasizing the airway epithelial cell. Glycoconj J 2001; 18:649-59. [PMID: 12386452 DOI: 10.1023/a:1020815205022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Altered terminal glycosylation, with increased fucosylation and decreased sialylation is a hallmark of the cystic fibrosis (CF) glycosylation phenotype. Oligosaccharides purified from the surface membrane glycoconjugates of CF airway epithelial cells have the Lewis x, selectin ligand in terminal positions. This review is focused on the investigations of the glycoconjugates of the CF airway epithelial cell surface. Two of the major bacterial pathogens in CF, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Haemophilus influenzae, have binding proteins which recognize fucose in alpha-1,3 linkage and asialoglycoconjugates. Therefore, consideration has been given to the possibility that the altered terminal glycosylation of airway epithelial glycoproteins in CF contributes to both the chronic infection and the robust, but ineffective, inflammatory response in the CF lung. Since the glycosylation phenotype of CF airway epithelial cells have been modulated by the expression of wtCFTR, the hypotheses which have been proposed to relate altered function of CFTR to the regulation of the glycosyltransferases are discussed. Understanding the effects of mutant CFTR on glycosylation may provide further insight into the regulation of glycoconjugate processing as well as new approaches to the therapy of CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Rhim
- The Cystic Fibrosis Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3516 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Winzer K, Falconer C, Garber NC, Diggle SP, Camara M, Williams P. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa lectins PA-IL and PA-IIL are controlled by quorum sensing and by RpoS. J Bacteriol 2000; 182:6401-11. [PMID: 11053384 PMCID: PMC94786 DOI: 10.1128/jb.182.22.6401-6411.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, many exoproduct virulence determinants are regulated via a hierarchical quorum-sensing cascade involving the transcriptional regulators LasR and RhlR and their cognate activators, N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (3O-C12-HSL) and N-butanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C4-HSL). In this paper, we demonstrate that the cytotoxic lectins PA-IL and PA-IIL are regulated via quorum sensing. Using immunoblot analysis, the production of both lectins was found to be directly dependent on the rhl locus while, in a lasR mutant, the onset of lectin synthesis was delayed but not abolished. The PA-IL structural gene, lecA, was cloned and sequenced. Transcript analysis indicated a monocistronic organization with a transcriptional start site 70 bp upstream of the lecA translational start codon. A lux box-type element together with RpoS (sigma(S)) consensus sequences was identified upstream of the putative promoter region. In Escherichia coli, expression of a lecA::lux reporter fusion was activated by RhlR/C4-HSL, but not by LasR/3O-C12-HSL, confirming direct regulation by RhlR/C4-HSL. Similarly, in P. aeruginosa PAO1, the expression of a chromosomal lecA::lux fusion was enhanced but not advanced by the addition of exogenous C4-HSL but not 3O-C12-HSL. Furthermore, mutation of rpoS abolished lectin synthesis in P. aeruginosa, demonstrating that both RpoS and RhlR/C4-HSL are required. Although the C4-HSL-dependent expression of the lecA::lux reporter in E. coli could be inhibited by the presence of 3O-C12-HSL, this did not occur in P. aeruginosa. This suggests that, in the homologous genetic background, 3O-C12-HSL does not function as a posttranslational regulator of the RhlR/C4-HSL-dependent activation of lecA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Winzer
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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49
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Scanlin TF, Glick MC. Terminal glycosylation and disease: influence on cancer and cystic fibrosis. Glycoconj J 2000; 17:617-26. [PMID: 11421353 DOI: 10.1023/a:1011034912226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Terminal glycosylation has been a recurring theme of the laboratory. In cystic fibrosis (CF), decreased sialic acid and increased fucosyl residues in alpha1,3 position to antennary N-acetyl glucosamine is the CF glycosylation phenotype. The glycosylation phenotype is reversed by transfection of CF airway cells with wtCFTR. In neuronal cells, polymers of alpha2,8sialyl residues are prominent in oligodendrocytes and human neuroblastoma. These findings are discussed in relationship to early studies in our laboratories and those of other investigators. The potential extension of these concepts to future clinical therapeutics is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Scanlin
- Department of Pediatrics and The Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104-4318, USA
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50
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Rhim AD, Kothari VA, Park PJ, Mulberg AE, Glick MC, Scanlin TF. Terminal glycosylation of cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells. Glycoconj J 2000; 17:385-91. [PMID: 11294504 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007156014384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) has a characteristic glycosylation phenotype usually expressed as a decreased ratio of sialic acid to fucose. The glycosylation phenotype was found in CF/T1 airway epithelial cells (deltaF508/deltaF508). When these cells were transfected and were expressing high amounts of wtCFTR, as detected by Western blot analysis and in situ hybridization, the cell membrane glycoconjugates had an increased sialic acid content and decreased fucosyl residues in alpha1,3/4 linkage to antennary N-acetyl glucosamine (Fuc(alpha)1,3/4GlcNAc). After the expression of wtCFTR decreased, the amount of sialic acid and Fuc(alpha)1,3/4GlcNAc returned to levels shown by the parent CF cells. Sialic acid was measured by chemical analysis and Fuc(alpha)1,3/4GlcNAc was detected with a specific alpha1,3/4 fucosidase. CF and non-CF airway cells in primary culture also had a similar reciprocal relationship between fucosylation and sialylation. It is possible that the glycosylation phenotype is involved in the pathogenesis of CF lung disease by facilitating bacterial colonization and leukocyte recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Rhim
- Department of Pediatrics and The Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104-4318, USA
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