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He Q, Li P, Han L, Yang C, Jiang M, Wang Y, Han X, Cao Y, Liu X, Wu W. Revisiting airway epithelial dysfunction and mechanisms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the role of mitochondrial damage. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L754-L769. [PMID: 38625125 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00362.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to environmental hazards causes airway epithelial dysfunction, primarily impaired physical barriers, immune dysfunction, and repair or regeneration. Impairment of airway epithelial function subsequently leads to exaggerated airway inflammation and remodeling, the main features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Mitochondrial damage has been identified as one of the mechanisms of airway abnormalities in COPD, which is closely related to airway inflammation and airflow limitation. In this review, we evaluate updated evidence for airway epithelial mitochondrial damage in COPD and focus on the role of mitochondrial damage in airway epithelial dysfunction. In addition, the possible mechanism of airway epithelial dysfunction mediated by mitochondrial damage is discussed in detail, and recent strategies related to airway epithelial-targeted mitochondrial therapy are summarized. Results have shown that dysregulation of mitochondrial quality and oxidative stress may lead to airway epithelial dysfunction in COPD. This may result from mitochondrial damage as a central organelle mediating abnormalities in cellular metabolism. Mitochondrial damage mediates procellular senescence effects due to mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, which effectively exacerbate different types of programmed cell death, participate in lipid metabolism abnormalities, and ultimately promote airway epithelial dysfunction and trigger COPD airway abnormalities. These can be prevented by targeting mitochondrial damage factors and mitochondrial transfer. Thus, because mitochondrial damage is involved in COPD progression as a central factor of homeostatic imbalance in airway epithelial cells, it may be a novel target for therapeutic intervention to restore airway epithelial integrity and function in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglan He
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Peijun Li
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua Han
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Yang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiling Jiang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingqi Wang
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Han
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cao
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weibing Wu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Iyer GR, Darpo B, Xue H, Lecot J, Zack J, Bebrevska L, Weis W, Jones I, Drollmann A. Concentration-QTcF Modeling of Icenticaftor from a Randomized, Placebo- and Positive-Controlled Thorough QT Study in Healthy Participants. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2024; 13:572-584. [PMID: 38284433 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Icenticaftor (QBW251) is a potentiator of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane receptor. Based on its mechanism of action, icenticaftor is expected to provide benefits in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by restoring mucociliary clearance, which would eventually lead to a reduction of bacterial colonization and related inflammatory cascade. A placebo- and positive-controlled, 4-way crossover thorough QT study was conducted in 46 healthy participants with the objective to assess the effect of therapeutic (300 mg twice daily for 6 days) and supratherapeutic (750 mg twice daily for 6 days) oral doses of icenticaftor on electrocardiogram parameters, including concentration-corrected QT (QTc) analysis. Moxifloxacin (400 mg, oral) was used as a positive control. In the concentration-QTc analysis performed on pooled data from Day 1 and Day 6 (steady state), the estimated population slope was shallow and slightly negative: -0.0012 ms/ng/mL. The effect on the Fridericia corrected QT (QTcF) interval (∆ΔQTcF) was predicted to be -1.3 milliseconds at the icenticaftor 300-mg twice-daily peak concentration (geometric mean was 1094 ng/mL) and -5.5 milliseconds at the 750-mg twice-daily peak concentration (geometric mean Cmax was 4529 ng/mL) indicated a mild shortening effect of icenticaftor on QTcF interval length. The results of the by-time-point analysis indicated least squares placebo corrected mean ∆∆QTcF across time points ranged from -7.9 to 0.1 milliseconds at 1 and 24 hours after dosing both on Day 6 in the 750-mg dose group compared with -3.7 to 1.6 milliseconds at 1.5 and 24 hours after dosing on Day 1 in the 300-mg dose group. Assay sensitivity was demonstrated with moxifloxacin. The large accumulation of exposures, especially the 4.3-fold increase in peak plasma concentration observed at the icenticaftor 750-mg twice-daily dosage compared with Icenticaftor 300 mg twice daily (2.3-fold) on Day 6 provided a large concentration range (up to 9540 ng/mL) to evaluate the effect of icenticaftor on ΔΔQTcF. Based on the concentration-QTc analysis, an effect on ΔΔQTcF exceeding 10 milliseconds can be excluded within the full observed ranges of plasma concentrations on icenticaftor, up to approximately 9540 ng/mL. Icenticaftor at the studied doses demonstrated a mild shortening in QTcF, which is unlikely to be of clinical relevance in a therapeutic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh R Iyer
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Jean Lecot
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Zack
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | | | - Wendy Weis
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Ieuan Jones
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
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Chung C, Park SY, Huh JY, Kim NH, Shon C, Oh EY, Park YJ, Lee SJ, Kim HC, Lee SW. Fine particulate matter aggravates smoking induced lung injury via NLRP3/caspase-1 pathway in COPD. J Inflamm (Lond) 2024; 21:13. [PMID: 38654364 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-024-00384-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to noxious particles, including cigarette smoke and fine particulate matter (PM2.5), is a risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and promotes inflammation and cell death in the lungs. We investigated the combined effects of cigarette smoking and PM2.5 exposure in patients with COPD, mice, and human bronchial epithelial cells. METHODS The relationship between PM2.5 exposure and clinical parameters was investigated in patients with COPD based on smoking status. Alveolar destruction, inflammatory cell infiltration, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were monitored in the smoking-exposed emphysema mouse model. To investigate the mechanisms, cell viability and death and pyroptosis-related changes in BEAS-2B cells were assessed following the exposure to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and PM2.5. RESULTS High levels of ambient PM2.5 were more strongly associated with high Saint George's respiratory questionnaire specific for COPD (SGRQ-C) scores in currently smoking patients with COPD. Combined exposure to cigarette smoke and PM2.5 increased mean linear intercept and TUNEL-positive cells in lung tissue, which was associated with increased inflammatory cell infiltration and inflammatory cytokine release in mice. Exposure to a combination of CSE and PM2.5 reduced cell viability and upregulated NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 transcription in BEAS-2B cells. NLRP3 silencing with siRNA reduced pyroptosis and restored cell viability. CONCLUSIONS PM2.5 aggravates smoking-induced airway inflammation and cell death via pyroptosis. Clinically, PM2.5 deteriorates quality of life and may worsen prognosis in currently smoking patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiwook Chung
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, 05505, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Young Park
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, 05505, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Huh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, 05505, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung- Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Gwangmyeong, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Hyun Kim
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, 05505, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - ChangHo Shon
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, 05505, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Efficacy Evaluation Center, WOOJUNGBIO Inc, Hwaseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yi Oh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, 05505, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Jin Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Cheol Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei Won Lee
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, 05505, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Qiu XY, Yan LS, Kang JY, Yu Gu C, Chi-Yan Cheng B, Wang YW, Luo G, Zhang Y. Eucalyptol, limonene and pinene enteric capsules attenuate airway inflammation and obstruction in lipopolysaccharide-induced chronic bronchitis rat model via TLR4 signaling inhibition. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 129:111571. [PMID: 38309095 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic bronchitis (CB), a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), poses a significant global health burden owing to its high morbidity and mortality rates. Eucalyptol, limonene and pinene enteric capsules (ELPs) are clinically used as expectorants to treat various respiratory diseases, including CB, but their acting mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the anti-CB effects of ELP in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced CB. The molecular mechanisms underlying its inhibitory effects on airway inflammation were further explored in LPS-stimulated Beas-2B cells. METHODS ELP was characterized using gas chromatography. The production of inflammatory mediators in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of MUC5AC, MUC5B, and p-p65 in the lung tissue was measured using immunohistochemical staining. The gene expression of inflammatory mediators was determined using qRT-PCR. The expression levels of the target proteins were detected by western blotting. Nuclear localization of p65 was determined using an immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS Compared to the CB model rats, ELP-treated rats showed reduced airway resistance, inflammation, and goblet cell hyperplasia. In BALF, ELP decreased the levels of inflammatory mediators, including TNF-α, IL-6, MIP-1α, and CCL5. ELP also suppressed LPS-induced elevation of MUC5AC, MUC5B, and p-p65 in the lung tissue. The metabolic pathway changes caused by LPS challenge were improved by ELP treatment. In LPS-exposed Beas-2B cells, ELP treatment inhibited the expression of TNFA, IL6, CCL5, MCP1, and MIP2A and decreased the phospho-levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling-related proteins, including p-p38, p-JNK, p-ERK, p-TBK1, p-IKKα/β, p-IκB, p-p65, and p-c-Jun. ELP also hindered the nuclear translocation of p65, c-Jun, and IRF3. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that ELP has a potential therapeutic effect in LPS-induced CB rat model, possibly by suppressing TLR4 signaling. These results justify the clinical use of ELP for the treatment of pulmonary inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Li-Shan Yan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Jian-Ying Kang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Chun Yu Gu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | | | - Yi-Wei Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Gan Luo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China.
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Carlier FM, Detry B, Lecocq M, Collin AM, Planté-Bordeneuve T, Gérard L, Verleden SE, Delos M, Rondelet B, Janssens W, Ambroise J, Vanaudenaerde BM, Gohy S, Pilette C. The memory of airway epithelium damage in smokers and COPD patients. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302341. [PMID: 38158219 PMCID: PMC10756916 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a devastating and irreversible lung disease, causes structural and functional defects in the bronchial epithelium, the (ir)reversibility of which remains unexplored in vitro. This study aimed to investigate the persistence of COPD-related epithelial defects in long-term airway epithelial cultures derived from non-smokers, smokers, and COPD patients. Barrier function, polarity, cell commitment, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and inflammation were evaluated and compared with native epithelium characteristics. The role of inflammation was explored using cytokines. We show that barrier dysfunction, compromised polarity, and lineage abnormalities observed in smokers and COPD persisted for up to 10 wk. Goblet cell hyperplasia was associated with recent cigarette smoke exposure. Conversely, increased IL-8/CXCL-8 release and abnormal epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition diminished over time. These ex vivo observations matched surgical samples' abnormalities. Cytokine treatment induced COPD-like changes in control cultures and reactivated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in COPD cells. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the airway epithelium of smokers and COPD patients retains a multidimensional memory of its original state and previous cigarette smoke-induced injuries, maintaining these abnormalities for extended periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- François M Carlier
- https://ror.org/02495e989 Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pneumology, CHU Mont-Godinne UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
- Lung Transplant Centre, CHU Mont-Godinne UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Bruno Detry
- https://ror.org/02495e989 Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marylène Lecocq
- https://ror.org/02495e989 Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amandine M Collin
- https://ror.org/02495e989 Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Planté-Bordeneuve
- https://ror.org/02495e989 Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ludovic Gérard
- https://ror.org/02495e989 Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stijn E Verleden
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Monique Delos
- Department of Pathology, CHU Mont-Godinne UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Benoît Rondelet
- Lung Transplant Centre, CHU Mont-Godinne UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
- Deparment of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, CHU Mont-Godinne UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Wim Janssens
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Ambroise
- https://ror.org/02495e989 Centre de Technologies Moléculaires Appliquées, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bart M Vanaudenaerde
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sophie Gohy
- https://ror.org/02495e989 Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pneumology, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
- Cystic Fibrosis Reference Center, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles Pilette
- https://ror.org/02495e989 Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pneumology, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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Tulen CBM, van de Wetering C, Schiffers CHJ, Weltjens E, Benedikter BJ, Leermakers PA, Boukhaled JH, Drittij MJ, Schmeck BT, Reynaert NL, Opperhuizen A, van Schooten FJ, Remels AHV. Alterations in the molecular control of mitochondrial turnover in COPD lung and airway epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4821. [PMID: 38413800 PMCID: PMC10899608 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55335-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Abnormal mitochondria have been observed in bronchial- and alveolar epithelial cells of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, it is unknown if alterations in the molecular pathways regulating mitochondrial turnover (mitochondrial biogenesis vs mitophagy) are involved. Therefore, in this study, the abundance of key molecules controlling mitochondrial turnover were assessed in peripheral lung tissue from non-COPD patients (n = 6) and COPD patients (n = 11; GOLDII n = 4/11; GOLDIV n = 7/11) and in both undifferentiated and differentiated human primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC) from non-COPD patients and COPD patients (n = 4-7 patients/group). We observed significantly decreased transcript levels of key molecules controlling mitochondrial biogenesis (PPARGC1B, PPRC1, PPARD) in peripheral lung tissue from severe COPD patients. Interestingly, mRNA levels of the transcription factor TFAM (mitochondrial biogenesis) and BNIP3L (mitophagy) were increased in these patients. In general, these alterations were not recapitulated in undifferentiated and differentiated PBECs with the exception of decreased PPARGC1B expression in both PBEC models. Although these findings provide valuable insight in these pathways in bronchial epithelial cells and peripheral lung tissue of COPD patients, whether or not these alterations contribute to COPD pathogenesis, underlie changes in mitochondrial function or may represent compensatory mechanisms remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy B M Tulen
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Universiteitssingel 50, 6629 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Cheryl van de Wetering
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Caspar H J Schiffers
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Weltjens
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Universiteitssingel 50, 6629 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Birke J Benedikter
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Lung Research, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Pieter A Leermakers
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Universiteitssingel 50, 6629 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Juliana H Boukhaled
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Universiteitssingel 50, 6629 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-José Drittij
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Universiteitssingel 50, 6629 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bernd T Schmeck
- Institute for Lung Research, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department for Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinic for Respiratory Infections, University Medical Center Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- German Centers for Lung Research (DZL) and for Infectious Disease Research (DZIF), SYNMIKRO Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Niki L Reynaert
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Primary Lung Culture (PLUC) Facility, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Antoon Opperhuizen
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Universiteitssingel 50, 6629 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Office of Risk Assessment and Research, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik-Jan van Schooten
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Universiteitssingel 50, 6629 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander H V Remels
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Universiteitssingel 50, 6629 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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7
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Tana A, Zhang C, DiBardino D, Orton CM, Shah PL. Bronchoscopic interventions for chronic bronchitis. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2024; 30:68-74. [PMID: 37942820 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000001036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic bronchitis is a phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by chronic cough and sputum production, associated with an increased rate of COPD exacerbations and hospital admissions, a more rapid decline in lung function and reduced life expectancy. Despite optimal medical therapy, chronic bronchitis remains difficult to treat. Interventional bronchoscopic procedures offer novel therapeutic approaches to this highly symptomatic condition. RECENT FINDINGS A characteristic feature of chronic bronchitis is the presence of an abnormal epithelium with excessive mucus producing cells, parasympathetic overactivity, and airway inflammation. Metered cryospray and bronchial rheoplasty are designed to target this abnormal epithelium to reduce mucus production and inflammation. Targeted lung denervation aims to reduce parasympathetic overactivity, which may drive mucus hypersecretion. Here, we review the available evidence to determine the safety and efficacy across the bronchoscopic interventions. SUMMARY Interventional bronchoscopy is a rapidly expanding field and its application in the treatment of chronic bronchitis has been recognized by the Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). The outcomes from the latest clinical trials will guide future treatment approaches in patients with difficult to treat chronic bronchitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Tana
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital
- Airways Diseases, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Chenchen Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical care, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - David DiBardino
- Section of Interventional Pulmonology and Thoracic Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher M Orton
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital
- Airways Diseases, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Pallav L Shah
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital
- Airways Diseases, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
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8
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Nakayama J, Yamamoto Y. Cancer-prone Phenotypes and Gene Expression Heterogeneity at Single-cell Resolution in Cigarette-smoking Lungs. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:2280-2291. [PMID: 37910161 PMCID: PMC10637260 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies have been broadly utilized to reveal molecular mechanisms of respiratory pathology and physiology at single-cell resolution. Here, we established single-cell meta-analysis (scMeta-analysis) by integrating data from eight public datasets, including 104 lung scRNA-seq samples with clinicopathologic information and designated a cigarette-smoking lung atlas. The atlas revealed early carcinogenesis events and defined the alterations of single-cell transcriptomics, cell population, and fundamental properties of biological pathways induced by smoking. In addition, we developed two novel scMeta-analysis methods: VARIED (Visualized Algorithms of Relationships In Expressional Diversity) and AGED (Aging-related Gene Expressional Differences). VARIED analysis revealed expressional diversity associated with smoking carcinogenesis. AGED analysis revealed differences in gene expression related to both aging and smoking status. The scMeta-analysis paves the way to utilize publicly-available scRNA-seq data and provide new insights into the effects of smoking and into cellular diversity in human lungs, at single-cell resolution. SIGNIFICANCE The atlas revealed early carcinogenesis events and defined the alterations of single-cell transcriptomics, cell population, and fundamental properties of biological pathways induced by smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Nakayama
- Laboratory of Integrative Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Oncogenesis and Growth Regulation, Research Institute, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Integrative Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Lin S, Liu C, Sun J, Guan Y. RNA-Sequencing and Bioinformatics Analysis of Exosomal Long Noncoding RNAs Revealed a Novel ceRNA Network in Stable COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2023; 18:1995-2007. [PMID: 37720876 PMCID: PMC10503524 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s414901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Exosomes are able to exchange their bioactive RNA cargo to recipient cells. In COPD, exosomes can be controlled and engineered for its use as targeted diagnostic and therapeutic tool. Our study explored novel lncRNAs and mRNAs in plasma exosomes that could be involved in the pathogenesis of COPD. Methods High-throughput sequencing was conducted to detect the alterations in the expression of exosomal lncRNAs and mRNAs. Gene ontology (GO) functional analyses and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were used to determine the significant functions and pathways associated with differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs. The mRNA expression profile dataset, GSE76925, and microRNA expression profile dataset, GSE70080, were obtained from the GEO database. Venn diagrams were used to find common DE mRNAs between my mRNAs dataset and GSE76925. These common DEGs were subjected to PPI analyses to identify Hub genes. Subsequently, Venn diagrams were used to identify common genes between the target genes of DE-miRNAs and Hub genes as well as DE-miRNAs and my lncRNAs dataset. Finally, a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA co-expression network was constructed by prediction using proprietary software. The lncRNA and mRNA expressions were then validated by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results We identified 1578 differentially regulated lncRNAs and 3071 differentially regulated mRNAs. GO and KEGG pathway analyses suggested that the DE lncRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of COPD. A lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA meshwork was established to predict the potential interactions among these RNAs. RP3-329A5.8 and MRPS11 expression was then subjected to qRT-PCR for validation. Correlations between MRPS11 and clinic-pathological features were explored. Conclusion Our study provided a set of lncRNAs and mRNAs that may be involved in the pathogenesis of COPD, thereby highlighting the need for further research on both diagnostic biomarkers and molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caihong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingting Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinghui Guan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Bollenbecker S, Heitman K, Czaya B, Easter M, Hirsch MJ, Vang S, Harris E, Helton ES, Barnes JW, Faul C, Krick S. Phosphate induces inflammation and exacerbates injury from cigarette smoke in the bronchial epithelium. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4898. [PMID: 36966182 PMCID: PMC10039898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
An elevation in serum phosphate-also called hyperphosphatemia-is associated with reduced kidney function in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Reports show CKD patients are more likely to develop lung disease and have poorer kidney function that positively correlates with pulmonary obstruction. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we report that two murine models of CKD, which both exhibit increased serum levels of phosphate and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23, a regulator of phosphate homeostasis, develop concomitant airway inflammation. Our in vitro studies point towards a similar increase of phosphate-induced inflammatory markers in human bronchial epithelial cells. FGF23 stimulation alone does not induce a proinflammatory response in the non-COPD bronchial epithelium and phosphate does not cause endogenous FGF23 release. Upregulation of the phosphate-induced proinflammatory cytokines is accompanied by activation of the extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. Moreover, the addition of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) during phosphate treatments exacerbates inflammation as well as ERK activation, whereas co-treatment with FGF23 attenuates both the phosphate as well as the combined phosphate- and CS-induced inflammatory response, independent of ERK activation. Together, these data demonstrate a novel pathway that potentially explains pathological kidney-lung crosstalk with phosphate as a key mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Bollenbecker
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Blvd, MCLM 718, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Kylie Heitman
- Section of Mineral Metabolism, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Brian Czaya
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Molly Easter
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Blvd, MCLM 718, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Meghan June Hirsch
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Blvd, MCLM 718, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Shia Vang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Blvd, MCLM 718, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Elex Harris
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Blvd, MCLM 718, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - E Scott Helton
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Blvd, MCLM 718, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Jarrod W Barnes
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Blvd, MCLM 718, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Christian Faul
- Section of Mineral Metabolism, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stefanie Krick
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Blvd, MCLM 718, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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11
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Fleischmann M, Jarnicki AG, Brown AS, Yang C, Anderson GP, Garbi N, Hartland EL, van Driel IR, Ng GZ. Cigarette smoke depletes alveolar macrophages and delays clearance of Legionella pneumophila. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L373-L384. [PMID: 36719079 PMCID: PMC10026984 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00268.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila is the main etiological agent of Legionnaires' disease, a severe bacterial pneumonia. L. pneumophila is initially engulfed by alveolar macrophages (AMs) and subvert normal cellular functions to establish a replicative vacuole. Cigarette smokers are particularly susceptible to developing Legionnaires' disease and other pulmonary infections; however, little is known about the cellular mechanisms underlying this susceptibility. To investigate this, we used a mouse model of acute cigarette smoke exposure to examine the immune response to cigarette smoke and subsequent L. pneumophila infection. Contrary to previous reports, we show that cigarette smoke exposure alone causes a significant depletion of AMs using enzymatic digestion to extract cells, or via imaging intact lung lobes by light-sheet microscopy. Furthermore, treatment of mice deficient in specific types of cell death with smoke suggests that NLRP3-driven pyroptosis is a contributor to smoke-induced death of AMs. After infection, smoke-exposed mice displayed increased pulmonary L. pneumophila loads and developed more severe disease compared with air-exposed controls. We tested if depletion of AMs was related to this phenotype by directly depleting them with clodronate liposomes and found that this also resulted in increased L. pneumophila loads. In summary, our results showed that cigarette smoke depleted AMs from the lung and that this likely contributed to more severe Legionnaires' disease. Furthermore, the role of AMs in L. pneumophila infection is more nuanced than simply providing a replicative niche, and our studies suggest they play a major role in bacterial clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Fleischmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrew G Jarnicki
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew S Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gary P Anderson
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natalio Garbi
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elizabeth L Hartland
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian R van Driel
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Garrett Z Ng
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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12
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Mayr AK, Valipour A. Modern Bronchoscopic Treatment Options for Patients with Chronic Bronchitis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051854. [PMID: 36902641 PMCID: PMC10003118 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and has a large impact on a patient's quality of life due to its wide range of symptoms and comorbidities. There are known to be different phenotypes in COPD with various extents on the burden of the disease and its prognosis. Chronic bronchitis with persistent cough and mucus production is regarded as one of the main symptoms of COPD with tremendous effects on subjectively reported symptom burden and frequency of exacerbations. Exacerbations in turn are known to have an impact on disease progression and increase health care costs. Modern bronchoscopic treatment options are currently under investigation targeting the problem of chronic bronchitis and frequent exacerbations. This review summarizes the existing literature about these modern interventional treatment options and provides perspectives on upcoming studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Katharina Mayr
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Klinik Floridsdorf, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence:
| | - Arschang Valipour
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Klinik Floridsdorf, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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13
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Luczka-Majérus E, Bonnomet A, Germain A, Lalun N, Kileztky C, Perotin JM, Deslée G, Delepine G, Polette M, Dormoy V, Coraux C. Ciliogenesis is intrinsically altered in COPD small airways. Eur Respir J 2022; 60:2200791. [PMID: 36396143 PMCID: PMC9772502 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00791-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
COPD is characterised by a progressive and irreversible airflow limitation due to airway obstruction and emphysema [1]. We and others showed that bronchial epithelial remodelling in COPD is characterised by alteration of ciliogenesis and cilia function [2, 3], as well as a dysregulation of non-motile primary cilia (PC) [4]. In COPD, the main site of obstruction is in the small airways [5]. Considering that COPD is foremost a small airway disease (SAD) [6–8], we investigated the differentiation of bronchiolar epithelium in COPD, focusing on motile and primary ciliogenesis. An alteration of primary and motile ciliogenesis is detected in mild/moderate COPD small airways and could be at the origin of the initiation of epithelial remodelling http://bit.ly/3Tz3JDj
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Luczka-Majérus
- Inserm UMR-S 1250, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), SFR Cap-Santé, Reims, France
| | - Arnaud Bonnomet
- Inserm UMR-S 1250, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), SFR Cap-Santé, Reims, France
- PICT Platform, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Reims, France
| | - Adeline Germain
- Inserm UMR-S 1250, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), SFR Cap-Santé, Reims, France
| | - Nathalie Lalun
- Inserm UMR-S 1250, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), SFR Cap-Santé, Reims, France
| | - Claire Kileztky
- Inserm UMR-S 1250, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), SFR Cap-Santé, Reims, France
| | - Jeanne-Marie Perotin
- Inserm UMR-S 1250, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), SFR Cap-Santé, Reims, France
- Dept of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France
| | - Gaëtan Deslée
- Inserm UMR-S 1250, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), SFR Cap-Santé, Reims, France
- Dept of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France
| | - Gonzague Delepine
- Inserm UMR-S 1250, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), SFR Cap-Santé, Reims, France
- Dept of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France
| | - Myriam Polette
- Inserm UMR-S 1250, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), SFR Cap-Santé, Reims, France
- Dept of Biopathology, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France
| | - Valérian Dormoy
- Inserm UMR-S 1250, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), SFR Cap-Santé, Reims, France
| | - Christelle Coraux
- Inserm UMR-S 1250, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), SFR Cap-Santé, Reims, France
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14
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Tulen CBM, Duistermaat E, Cremers JWJM, Klerx WNM, Fokkens PHB, Weibolt N, Kloosterboer N, Dentener MA, Gremmer ER, Jessen PJJ, Koene EJC, Maas L, Opperhuizen A, van Schooten FJ, Staal YCM, Remels AHV. Smoking-Associated Exposure of Human Primary Bronchial Epithelial Cells to Aldehydes: Impact on Molecular Mechanisms Controlling Mitochondrial Content and Function. Cells 2022; 11:3481. [PMID: 36359877 PMCID: PMC9655975 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a devastating lung disease primarily caused by exposure to cigarette smoke (CS). During the pyrolysis and combustion of tobacco, reactive aldehydes such as acetaldehyde, acrolein, and formaldehyde are formed, which are known to be involved in respiratory toxicity. Although CS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathophysiology of COPD, the role of aldehydes therein is incompletely understood. To investigate this, we used a physiologically relevant in vitro exposure model of differentiated human primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC) exposed to CS (one cigarette) or a mixture of acetaldehyde, acrolein, and formaldehyde (at relevant concentrations of one cigarette) or air, in a continuous flow system using a puff-like exposure protocol. Exposure of PBEC to CS resulted in elevated IL-8 cytokine and mRNA levels, increased abundance of constituents associated with autophagy, decreased protein levels of molecules associated with the mitophagy machinery, and alterations in the abundance of regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis. Furthermore, decreased transcript levels of basal epithelial cell marker KRT5 were reported after CS exposure. Only parts of these changes were replicated in PBEC upon exposure to a combination of acetaldehyde, acrolein, and formaldehyde. More specifically, aldehydes decreased MAP1LC3A mRNA (autophagy) and BNIP3 protein (mitophagy) and increased ESRRA protein (mitochondrial biogenesis). These data suggest that other compounds in addition to aldehydes in CS contribute to CS-induced dysregulation of constituents controlling mitochondrial content and function in airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy B. M. Tulen
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Evert Duistermaat
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Walther N. M. Klerx
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Paul H. B. Fokkens
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Naömi Weibolt
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Nico Kloosterboer
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Primary Lung Culture (PLUC) Facility, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mieke A. Dentener
- Primary Lung Culture (PLUC) Facility, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Eric R. Gremmer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Phyllis J. J. Jessen
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Evi J. C. Koene
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lou Maas
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Antoon Opperhuizen
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Office of Risk Assessment and Research, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA), 3511 GG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik-Jan van Schooten
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne C. M. Staal
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander H. V. Remels
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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15
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Early transcriptional responses of bronchial epithelial cells to whole cigarette smoke mirror those of in-vivo exposed human bronchial mucosa. Respir Res 2022; 23:227. [PMID: 36056356 PMCID: PMC9440516 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02150-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the well-known detrimental effects of cigarette smoke (CS), little is known about the complex gene expression dynamics in the early stages after exposure. This study aims to investigate early transcriptomic responses following CS exposure of airway epithelial cells in culture and compare these to those found in human CS exposure studies. METHODS Primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC) were differentiated at the air-liquid interface (ALI) and exposed to whole CS. Bulk RNA-sequencing was performed at 1 h, 4 h, and 24 h hereafter, followed by differential gene expression analysis. Results were additionally compared to data retrieved from human CS studies. RESULTS ALI-PBEC gene expression in response to CS was most significantly changed at 4 h after exposure. Early transcriptomic changes (1 h, 4 h post CS exposure) were related to oxidative stress, xenobiotic metabolism, higher expression of immediate early genes and pro-inflammatory pathways (i.e., Nrf2, AP-1, AhR). At 24 h, ferroptosis-associated genes were significantly increased, whereas PRKN, involved in removing dysfunctional mitochondria, was downregulated. Importantly, the transcriptome dynamics of the current study mirrored in-vivo human studies of acute CS exposure, chronic smokers, and inversely mirrored smoking cessation. CONCLUSION These findings show that early after CS exposure xenobiotic metabolism and pro-inflammatory pathways were activated, followed by activation of the ferroptosis-related cell death pathway. Moreover, significant overlap between these transcriptomic responses in the in-vitro model and human in-vivo studies was found, with an early response of ciliated cells. These results provide validation for the use of ALI-PBEC cultures to study the human lung epithelial response to inhaled toxicants.
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16
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Higham A, Dungwa J, Jackson N, Singh D. Relationships between Airway Remodeling and Clinical Characteristics in COPD Patients. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081992. [PMID: 36009538 PMCID: PMC9405811 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Airway remodeling is a cardinal feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathology. However, inconsistent findings have been reported regarding the nature of proximal airway remodeling in COPD. This is likely due to the heterogeneity of COPD. This study investigated the histopathological features of airway remodeling in bronchial biopsies of COPD patients compared to smoking controls (S). We tested the hypothesis that histopathological features in bronchial biopsies relate to clinical characteristics in COPD patients, focusing on smoking status, symptom burden, lung function, exacerbation risk and inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) use. Methods: We recruited 24 COPD patients and 10 S. We focused on reticular basement membrane thickness (RBM), surface immunoglobulin A (IgA) expression, goblet cell numbers (periodic acid-Schiff [PAS]+), sub-mucosal remodeling markers including collagen 4, 6 and laminin expression, and inflammatory cell counts (CD45+). Results: RBM thickness was increased in frequent exacerbators, IgA expression was reduced in COPD patients with worse lung function, and goblet cell numbers were increased in COPD patients compared to S but with no difference between the COPD subgroups. Collagen 4 expression was associated with higher symptom burden and worse quality of life. Sub-mucosal inflammatory cell counts were increased in COPD non-inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) users compared to ICS users and S. Conclusion: We observed relationships between the histopathological features of airway remodeling and clinical characteristics in COPD patients. Our data highlight the influence of clinical heterogeneity on diverse patterns of airway remodeling in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Higham
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Josiah Dungwa
- Medicines Evaluation Unit, The Langley Building, Southmoor Road, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
| | - Natalie Jackson
- Medicines Evaluation Unit, The Langley Building, Southmoor Road, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
| | - Dave Singh
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
- Medicines Evaluation Unit, The Langley Building, Southmoor Road, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
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17
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Liu C, Li P, Zheng J, Wang Y, Wu W, Liu X. Role of necroptosis in airflow limitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: focus on small-airway disease and emphysema. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:363. [PMID: 35973987 PMCID: PMC9381515 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Airflow limitation with intractable progressive mechanisms is the main disease feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The pathological process of airflow limitation in COPD involves necroptosis, a form of programmed necrotic cell death with pro-inflammatory properties. In this paper, the correlations of small-airway disease and emphysema with airflow limitation in COPD were firstly reviewed; then, based on this, the effects of necroptosis on small-airway disease and emphysema were analysed, and the possible mechanisms of necroptosis causing airflow limitation in COPD were explored. The results showed that airflow limitation is caused by a combination of small-airway disease and emphysema. In addition, toxic particulate matter stimulates epithelial cells to trigger necroptosis, and necroptosis promotes the expulsion of cell contents, the abnormal hyperplasia of pro-inflammatory mediators and the insufficient clearance of dead cells by macrophages; these processes, coupled with the interaction of necroptosis and oxidative stress, collectively result in small-airway disease and emphysema in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanjing Liu
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Peijun Li
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiejiao Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingqi Wang
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibing Wu
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Kaza N, Lin VY, Stanford D, Hussain SS, Falk Libby E, Kim H, Borgonovi M, Conrath K, Mutyam V, Byzek SA, Tang LP, Trombley JE, Rasmussen L, Schoeb T, Leung HM, Tearney GJ, Raju SV, Rowe SM. Evaluation of a novel CFTR potentiator in COPD ferrets with acquired CFTR dysfunction. Eur Respir J 2022; 60:13993003.01581-2021. [PMID: 34916262 PMCID: PMC10079430 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01581-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The majority of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients have chronic bronchitis, for which specific therapies are unavailable. Acquired cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dysfunction is observed in chronic bronchitis, but has not been proven in a controlled animal model with airway disease. Furthermore, the potential of CFTR as a therapeutic target has not been tested in vivo, given limitations to rodent models of COPD. Ferrets exhibit cystic fibrosis-related lung pathology when CFTR is absent and COPD with bronchitis following cigarette smoke exposure. OBJECTIVES To evaluate CFTR dysfunction induced by smoking and test its pharmacological reversal by a novel CFTR potentiator, GLPG2196, in a ferret model of COPD with chronic bronchitis. METHODS Ferrets were exposed for 6 months to cigarette smoke to induce COPD and chronic bronchitis and then treated with enteral GLPG2196 once daily for 1 month. Electrophysiological measurements of ion transport and CFTR function, assessment of mucociliary function by one-micron optical coherence tomography imaging and particle-tracking microrheology, microcomputed tomography imaging, histopathological analysis and quantification of CFTR protein and mRNA expression were used to evaluate mechanistic and pathophysiological changes. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Following cigarette smoke exposure, ferrets exhibited CFTR dysfunction, increased mucus viscosity, delayed mucociliary clearance, airway wall thickening and airway epithelial hypertrophy. In COPD ferrets, GLPG2196 treatment reversed CFTR dysfunction, increased mucus transport by decreasing mucus viscosity, and reduced bronchial wall thickening and airway epithelial hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS The pharmacologic reversal of acquired CFTR dysfunction is beneficial against pathological features of chronic bronchitis in a COPD ferret model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niroop Kaza
- Dept of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Equal contributions
| | - Vivian Y Lin
- Dept of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Equal contributions
| | - Denise Stanford
- Dept of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Equal contributions
| | - Shah S Hussain
- Dept of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Emily Falk Libby
- The Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Harrison Kim
- Dept of Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | | | - Venkateshwar Mutyam
- Dept of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stephen A Byzek
- Dept of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Li Ping Tang
- Dept of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - John E Trombley
- Dept of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lawrence Rasmussen
- Dept of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Trenton Schoeb
- Dept of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Animal Resources Program, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hui Min Leung
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guillermo J Tearney
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Dept of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Vamsee Raju
- Dept of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,The Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Dept of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Co-senior authors
| | - Steven M Rowe
- Dept of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA .,The Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Dept of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Co-senior authors
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19
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Hariri LP, Flashner BM, Kanarek DJ, O'Donnell WJ, Soskis A, Ziehr DR, Frank A, Nandy S, Berigei SR, Sharma A, Mathisen D, Keyes CM, Lanuti M, Muniappan A, Shepard JAO, Mino-Kenudson M, Ly A, Hung YP, Castelino FV, Ott HC, Medoff BD, Christiani DC. E-Cigarette Use, Small Airway Fibrosis, and Constrictive Bronchiolitis. NEJM EVIDENCE 2022; 1:10.1056/evidoa2100051. [PMID: 37122361 PMCID: PMC10137322 DOI: 10.1056/evidoa2100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaping, including the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), has become increasingly prevalent, yet the associated long-term health risks are largely unknown. Given the prevalence of use, particularly among adolescents early in their lifespan, it is vital to understand the potential chronic pathologic sequelae of vaping. METHODS We present the cases of four patients with chronic lung disease associated with e-cigarette use characterized by clinical evaluation, with pulmonary function tests (PFTs), chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), endobronchial optical coherence tomography (EB-OCT) imaging, and histopathologic assessment. RESULTS Each patient presented with shortness of breath and chest pain in association with a 3- to 8-year history of e-cigarette use, with mild progressive airway obstruction on PFTs and/or chest HRCT findings demonstrating evidence of air trapping and bronchial wall thickening. EB-OCT imaging performed in two patients showed small airway–centered fibrosis with bronchiolar narrowing and lumen irregularities. The predominant histopathologic feature on surgical lung biopsy was small airway–centered fibrosis, including constrictive bronchiolitis and MUC5AC overexpression in all patients. Patients who ceased vaping had a partial, but not complete, reversal of disease over 1 to 4 years. CONCLUSIONS After thorough evaluation for other potential etiologies, vaping was considered to be the most likely common causal etiology for all patients due to the temporal association of symptomatic chronic lung disease with e-cigarette use and partial improvement in symptoms after e-cigarette cessation. In this series, we associate the histopathologic pattern of small airway–centered fibrosis, including constrictive bronchiolitis, with vaping, potentially defining a clinical and pathologic entity associated with e-cigarette use. (Funded in part by the National Institutes of Health.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida P Hariri
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Bess M Flashner
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - David J Kanarek
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Walter J O'Donnell
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Alyssa Soskis
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Harvard Medical School, Boston
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC
| | - David R Ziehr
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Angela Frank
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Sreyankar Nandy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Sarita R Berigei
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Amita Sharma
- Harvard Medical School, Boston
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Douglas Mathisen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Colleen M Keyes
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Michael Lanuti
- Harvard Medical School, Boston
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Ashok Muniappan
- Harvard Medical School, Boston
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | | | - Mari Mino-Kenudson
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Amy Ly
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Yin P Hung
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Flavia V Castelino
- Harvard Medical School, Boston
- Division of Rheumatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Harald C Ott
- Harvard Medical School, Boston
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Benjamin D Medoff
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - David C Christiani
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Harvard Medical School, Boston
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston
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20
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Love ME, Proud D. Respiratory Viral and Bacterial Exacerbations of COPD—The Role of the Airway Epithelium. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091416. [PMID: 35563722 PMCID: PMC9099594 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
COPD is a leading cause of death worldwide, with acute exacerbations being a major contributor to disease morbidity and mortality. Indeed, exacerbations are associated with loss of lung function, and exacerbation frequency predicts poor prognosis. Respiratory infections are important triggers of acute exacerbations of COPD. This review examines the role of bacterial and viral infections, along with co-infections, in the pathogenesis of COPD exacerbations. Because the airway epithelium is the initial site of exposure both to cigarette smoke (or other pollutants) and to inhaled pathogens, we will focus on the role of airway epithelial cell responses in regulating the pathophysiology of exacerbations of COPD. This will include an examination of the interactions of cigarette smoke alone, and in combination with viral and bacterial exposures in modulating epithelial function and inflammatory and host defense pathways in the airways during COPD. Finally, we will briefly examine current and potential medication approaches to treat acute exacerbations of COPD triggered by respiratory infections.
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21
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Jandl K, Mutgan AC, Eller K, Schaefer L, Kwapiszewska G. The basement membrane in the cross-roads between the lung and kidney. Matrix Biol 2021; 105:31-52. [PMID: 34839001 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The basement membrane (BM) is a specialized layer of extracellular matrix components that plays a central role in maintaining lung and kidney functions. Although the composition of the BM is usually tissue specific, the lung and the kidney preferentially use similar BM components. Unsurprisingly, diseases with BM defects often have severe pulmonary or renal manifestations, sometimes both. Excessive remodeling of the BM, which is a hallmark of both inflammatory and fibrosing diseases in the lung and the kidney, can lead to the release of BM-derived matrikines, proteolytic fragments with distinct biological functions. These matrikines can then influence disease activity at the site of liberation. However, they are also released to the circulation, where they can directly affect the vascular endothelium or target other organs, leading to extrapulmonary or extrarenal manifestations. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge of the composition and function of the BM and its matrikines in health and disease, both in the lung and in the kidney. By comparison, we will highlight, why the BM and its matrikines may be central in establishing a renal-pulmonary interaction axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Jandl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria; Otto Loewi Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ayse Ceren Mutgan
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria; Otto Loewi Research Center, Department of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Kathrin Eller
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Grazyna Kwapiszewska
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria; Otto Loewi Research Center, Department of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Giessen, Germany..
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22
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Dey S, Eapen MS, Chia C, Gaikwad AV, Wark PAB, Sohal SS. Pathogenesis, clinical features of asthma COPD overlap (ACO), and therapeutic modalities. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 322:L64-L83. [PMID: 34668439 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00121.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Both asthma and COPD are heterogeneous diseases identified by characteristic symptoms and functional abnormalities, with airway obstruction common in both diseases. Asthma COPD overlap (ACO) does not define a single disease but is a descriptive term for clinical use that includes several overlapping clinical phenotypes of chronic airways disease with different underlying mechanisms. This literature review was initiated to describe published studies, identify gaps in knowledge, and propose future research goals regarding the disease pathology of ACO, especially the airway remodelling changes and inflammation aspects. Airway remodelling occurs in asthma and COPD, but there are differences in the structures affected and the prime anatomic site at which they occur. Reticular basement membrane thickening and cellular infiltration with eosinophils and T-helper (CD4+) lymphocytes are prominent features of asthma. Epithelial squamous metaplasia, airway wall fibrosis, emphysema, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) neutrophilia and (CD8+) T-cytotoxic lymphocyte infiltrations in the airway wall are features of COPD. There is no universally accepted definition of ACO, nor are there clearly defined pathological characteristics to differentiate from asthma and COPD. Understanding etiological concepts within the purview of inflammation and airway remodelling changes in ACO would allow better management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surajit Dey
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Mathew Suji Eapen
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Collin Chia
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Archana Vijay Gaikwad
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Peter A B Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
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23
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High-Fat Diet Induces Disruption of the Tight Junction-Mediated Paracellular Barrier in the Proximal Small Intestine Before the Onset of Type 2 Diabetes and Endotoxemia. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:3359-3374. [PMID: 33104937 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06664-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM A link between an impaired intestinal barrier, endotoxemia, and the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), has been proposed. In previous work, we have demonstrated that the tight junction (TJ)-mediated intestinal barrier in ileum/colon was marginally changed in prediabetic mice; therefore, it does not seem to mainly contribute to the T2DM onset. In this study, the TJ-mediated epithelial barrier in the duodenum and jejunum was evaluated in mice during the development of type 2 prediabetes. METHODS/RESULTS HF diet induced prediabetes after 60 days associated with a significant rise in intestinal permeability to the small-sized marker Lucifer yellow in these mice, with no histological signs of mucosal inflammation or rupture of the proximal intestine epithelium. As revealed by immunofluorescence, TJ proteins, such as claudins-1, -2, -3, and ZO-1, showed a significant decrease in junctional content in duodenum and jejunum epithelia, already after 15 days of treatment, suggesting a rearrangement of the TJ structure. However, no significant change in total cell content of these proteins was observed in intestinal epithelium homogenates, as assessed by immunoblotting. Despite the changes in intestinal permeability and TJ structure, the prediabetic mice showed similar LPS, zonulin, and TNF-α levels in plasma or adipose tissue, and in intestinal segments as compared to the controls. CONCLUSION Disruption of the TJ-mediated paracellular barrier in the duodenum and jejunum is an early event in prediabetes development, which occurs in the absence of detectable endotoxemia/inflammation and may contribute to the HF diet-induced increase in intestinal permeability.
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24
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Yu H, Su X, Lei T, Zhang C, Zhang M, Wang Y, Zhu L, Liu J. Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2021; 16:2677-2686. [PMID: 34588776 PMCID: PMC8476109 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s331154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Omega-3 fatty acid is an emerging hotspot on anti-inflammation and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is known as a chronic inflammatory disease. The effect of Omega-3 fatty acid supplement on patients with COPD remains mixed for insufficient evidence. This systematic review and meta-analysis is based on neat randomized controlled trials trying to give a clearer impression on the effect of Omega-3 on patients with COPD. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statements. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published in electronic databases including Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) by May 10, 2021 were searched. Data extracted from 6 predetermined domains (nutritional condition, lipid composition, inflammatory biomarker, lung function, physical endurance and quality of life [QoL]) were reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS A total of 8 RCTs evaluating 418 patients (age, mean [SD] = 67.3 [10.2] years) were included. Statistical differences were found in 3 parameters of 3 domains - weight (Wt) (0.25 [95% CI, 0.02 to 0.48], P = 0.03) in nutritional condition, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (0.70 [95% CI, 0.30 to 1.10], P = 0.00) in lipid composition and interleukin-6 (IL-6) level (-0.32 [95% CI, -0.60 to -0.05], P = 0.02) in inflammatory biomarker - while no significant difference was found in lung function, physical endurance or QoL. CONCLUSION Comparing with placebo, Omega-3 intake was associated with more weight-gaining, LDL increase and IL-6 reduction. These results should be interpreted cautiously for the quality and quantity of available evidence are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichuan Yu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
- The First Clinical Medical College of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Su
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
- The First Clinical Medical College of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
- The First Clinical Medical College of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuchu Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
- The First Clinical Medical College of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
- The First Clinical Medical College of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yalei Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
- The First Clinical Medical College of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
- The First Clinical Medical College of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
- The First Clinical Medical College of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, People’s Republic of China
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25
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Novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying risk of colorectal cancer from smoking and red/processed meat carcinogens by modeling exposure in normal colon organoids. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1863-1877. [PMID: 34548904 PMCID: PMC8448508 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoke and red/processed meats are well-known risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC). Most research has focused on studies of normal colon biopsies in epidemiologic studies or treatment of CRC cell lines in vitro. These studies are often constrained by challenges with accuracy of self-report data or, in the case of CRC cell lines, small sample sizes and lack of relationship to normal tissue at risk. In an attempt to address some of these limitations, we performed a 24-hour treatment of a representative carcinogens cocktail in 37 independent organoid lines derived from normal colon biopsies. Machine learning algorithms were applied to bulk RNA-sequencing and revealed cellular composition changes in colon organoids. We identified 738 differentially expressed genes in response to carcinogens exposure. Network analysis identified significantly different modules of co-expression, that included genes related to MSI-H tumor biology, and genes previously implicated in CRC through genome-wide association studies. Our study helps to better define the molecular effects of representative carcinogens from smoking and red/processed meat in normal colon epithelial cells and in the etiology of the MSI-H subtype of CRC, and suggests an overlap between molecular mechanisms involved in inherited and environmental CRC risk.
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26
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Abstract
Abstract The infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and resultant coronavirus diseases-19 (COVID-19) disproportionally affects minorities, especially African Americans (AA) compared to the Caucasian population. The AA population is disproportionally affected by COVID-19, in part, because they have high prevalence of underlying conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension, which are known to exacerbate not only kidney diseases, but also COVID-19. Further, a decreased adherence to COVID-19 guidelines among tobacco smokers could result in increased infection, inflammation, reduced immune response, and lungs damage, leading to more severe form of COVID-19. As a result of high prevalence of underlying conditions that cause kidney diseases in the AA population coupled with tobacco smoking make the AA population vulnerable to severe form of both COVID-19 and kidney diseases. In this review, we describe how tobacco smoking interact with SARS-CoV-2 and exacerbates SARS-CoV-2-induced kidney diseases including renal failure, especially in the AA population. We also explore the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in COVID-19 patients who smoke tobacco. EVs, which play important role in tobacco-mediated pathogenesis in infectious diseases, have also shown to be important in COVID-19 pathogenesis and organ injuries including kidney. Further, we explore the potential role of EVs in biomarker discovery and therapeutics, which may help to develop early diagnosis and treatment of tobacco-induced renal injury in COVID-19 patients, respectively. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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27
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Cigarette Smoke Specifically Affects Small Airway Epithelial Cell Populations and Triggers the Expansion of Inflammatory and Squamous Differentiation Associated Basal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147646. [PMID: 34299265 PMCID: PMC8305830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking is a major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and causes remodeling of the small airways. However, the exact smoke-induced effects on the different types of small airway epithelial cells (SAECs) are poorly understood. Here, using air–liquid interface (ALI) cultures, single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals previously unrecognized transcriptional heterogeneity within the small airway epithelium and cell type-specific effects upon acute and chronic cigarette smoke exposure. Smoke triggers detoxification and inflammatory responses and aberrantly activates and alters basal cell differentiation. This results in an increase of inflammatory basal-to-secretory cell intermediates and, particularly after chronic smoke exposure, a massive expansion of a rare inflammatory and squamous metaplasia associated KRT6A+ basal cell state and an altered secretory cell landscape. ALI cultures originating from healthy non-smokers and COPD smokers show similar responses to cigarette smoke exposure, although an increased pro-inflammatory profile is conserved in the latter. Taken together, the in vitro models provide high-resolution insights into the smoke-induced remodeling of the small airways resembling the pathological processes in COPD airways. The data may also help to better understand other lung diseases including COVID-19, as the data reflect the smoke-dependent variable induction of SARS-CoV-2 entry factors across SAEC populations.
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28
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Carlier FM, de Fays C, Pilette C. Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Chronic Respiratory Diseases. Front Physiol 2021; 12:691227. [PMID: 34248677 PMCID: PMC8264588 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.691227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces are lined by epithelial cells, which provide a complex and adaptive module that ensures first-line defense against external toxics, irritants, antigens, and pathogens. The underlying mechanisms of host protection encompass multiple physical, chemical, and immune pathways. In the lung, inhaled agents continually challenge the airway epithelial barrier, which is altered in chronic diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, cystic fibrosis, or pulmonary fibrosis. In this review, we describe the epithelial barrier abnormalities that are observed in such disorders and summarize current knowledge on the mechanisms driving impaired barrier function, which could represent targets of future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- François M. Carlier
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pneumology and Lung Transplant, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Charlotte de Fays
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles Pilette
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pneumology, Cliniques universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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29
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Lung macrophages drive mucus production and steroid-resistant inflammation in chronic bronchitis. Respir Res 2021; 22:172. [PMID: 34098956 PMCID: PMC8186034 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01762-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) frequently suffer from chronic bronchitis (CB) and display steroid-resistant inflammation with increased sputum neutrophils and macrophages. Recently, a causal link between mucus hyper-concentration and disease progression of CB has been suggested. Methods In this study, we have evaluated the steroid sensitivity of purified, patient-derived sputum and alveolar macrophages and used a novel mechanistic cross-talk assay to examine how macrophages and bronchial epithelial cells cross-talk to regulate MUC5B production. Results We demonstrate that sputum plug macrophages isolated from COPD patients with chronic bronchitis (COPD/CB) are chronically activated and only partially respond to ex vivo corticosteroid treatment compared to alveolar macrophages isolated from lung resections. Further, we show that pseudo-stratified bronchial epithelial cells grown in air–liquid-interface are inert to direct bacterial lipopolysaccharide stimulation and that macrophages are able to relay this signal and activate the CREB/AP-1 transcription factor complex and subsequent MUC5B expression in epithelial cells through a soluble mediator. Using recombinant protein and neutralizing antibodies, we identified a key role for TNFα in this cross-talk. Conclusions For the first time, we describe ex vivo pharmacology in purified human sputum macrophages isolated from chronic bronchitis COPD patients and identify a possible basis for the steroid resistance frequently seen in this population. Our data pinpoint a critical role for chronically activated sputum macrophages in perpetuating TNFα-dependent signals driving mucus hyper-production. Targeting the chronically activated mucus plug macrophage phenotype and interfering with aberrant macrophage-epithelial cross-talk may provide a novel strategy to resolve chronic inflammatory lung disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-021-01762-4.
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Ji X, Yao H, Meister M, Gardenhire DS, Mo H. Tocotrienols: Dietary Supplements for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:883. [PMID: 34072997 PMCID: PMC8228218 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are the two major phenotypes of COPD, which have many symptoms, such as dyspnea, chronic cough, and mucus overproduction. Emphysema is characterized by the destruction of the alveolar wall, while chronic bronchitis is characterized by limitations in expiratory airflow. Cigarette smoking is the most significant risk factor for the pathogenesis of COPD in the developed world. Chronic inflammation contributes to the onset and progression of the disease and furthers the risk of comorbidities. Current treatment options and prevention strategies for COPD are very limited. Tocotrienols are a group of vitamin E molecules with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Individual tocotrienols (α, γ, and δ) have shown their ability to attenuate inflammation specifically via suppressing nuclear factor-κB-mediated cytokine production. The δ- and γ-forms of tocotrienols have been indicated as the most effective in the prevention of macrophage infiltration, production of reactive oxygen species, and cytokine secretion. This review briefly discusses the pathogenesis of COPD and the role of inflammation therein. Furthermore, we summarize the in vitro and in vivo evidence for the anti-inflammatory activity of tocotrienols and their potential application to COPD management. Coupled with the bioavailability and safety profile of tocotrienols, the ability of these compounds to modulate COPD progression by targeting the inflammation pathways renders them potential candidates for novel therapeutic approaches in the treatment of COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangming Ji
- Department of Nutrition, Byrdine F. Lewis College of Nursing and Health Professions, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (M.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Hongwei Yao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
| | - Maureen Meister
- Department of Nutrition, Byrdine F. Lewis College of Nursing and Health Professions, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (M.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Douglas S. Gardenhire
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Byrdine F. Lewis College of Nursing and Health Professions, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA;
| | - Huanbiao Mo
- Department of Nutrition, Byrdine F. Lewis College of Nursing and Health Professions, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (M.M.); (H.M.)
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31
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De Santi C, Greene CM. Bronchial Epithelial Cell Transcriptomics: A Tool to Monitor and Predict Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Progression? Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:399-400. [PMID: 33600733 PMCID: PMC8008799 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0057ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara De Santi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine M Greene
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin, Ireland
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Haswell LE, Smart D, Jaunky T, Baxter A, Santopietro S, Meredith S, Camacho OM, Breheny D, Thorne D, Gaca MD. The development of an in vitro 3D model of goblet cell hyperplasia using MUC5AC expression and repeated whole aerosol exposures. Toxicol Lett 2021; 347:45-57. [PMID: 33892128 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Goblet cell hyperplasia and overproduction of airway mucin are characteristic features of the lung epithelium of smokers and COPD patients. Tobacco heating products (THPs) are a potentially less risky alternative to combustible cigarettes, and through continued use solus THPs may reduce smoking-related disease risk. Using the MucilAir™ in vitro lung model, a 6-week feasibility study was conducted investigating the effect of repeated cigarette smoke (1R6F), THP aerosol and air exposure. Tissues were exposed to nicotine-matched whole aerosol doses 3 times/week. Endpoints assessed were dosimetry, tight-junction integrity, cilia beat frequency (CBF) and active area (AA), cytokine secretion and airway mucin MUC5AC expression. Comparison of incubator and air exposed controls indicated exposures did not have a significant effect on the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), CBF and AA of the tissues. Cytokine secretion indicated clear differences in secretion patterns in response to 1R6F and THP exposure. 1R6F exposure resulted in a significant decrease in the TEER and AA (p=0.000 and p=0.000, respectively), and an increase in MUC5AC positive cells (p=0.002). Repeated THP exposure did not result in a significant change in MUC5AC positive cells. This study demonstrates repeated cigarette smoke whole aerosol exposure can induce these morphological changes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linsey E Haswell
- British American Tobacco, R&D, Southampton, Hampshire, SO15 8TL, UK.
| | - David Smart
- British American Tobacco, R&D, Southampton, Hampshire, SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Tomasz Jaunky
- British American Tobacco, R&D, Southampton, Hampshire, SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Andrew Baxter
- British American Tobacco, R&D, Southampton, Hampshire, SO15 8TL, UK
| | | | - Stuart Meredith
- British American Tobacco, R&D, Southampton, Hampshire, SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Oscar M Camacho
- British American Tobacco, R&D, Southampton, Hampshire, SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Damien Breheny
- British American Tobacco, R&D, Southampton, Hampshire, SO15 8TL, UK
| | - David Thorne
- British American Tobacco, R&D, Southampton, Hampshire, SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Marianna D Gaca
- British American Tobacco, R&D, Southampton, Hampshire, SO15 8TL, UK
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Tashkin DP, Ozol-Godfrey A, Sharma S, Sanjar S. Effect of SGRQ-Defined Chronic Bronchitis at Baseline on Treatment Outcomes in Patients with COPD Receiving Nebulized Glycopyrrolate. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2021; 16:945-955. [PMID: 33880019 PMCID: PMC8051958 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s304182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic bronchitis (CB) is one of the conditions that contribute to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Despite its widespread prevalence among patients with COPD and overall negative impact on treatment outcomes, the effect of CB on the efficacy of bronchodilator therapy has not been evaluated. The objective of this post hoc analysis is to assess the effect of nebulized glycopyrrolate (GLY) on lung function and health-related quality of life outcomes in patients with St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ)-defined CB at baseline. Methods Pooled data from the replicate, 12-week GOLDEN 3 and 4 studies (N=861) were grouped by CB status at baseline. The endpoints reported are changes from baseline in trough forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), SGRQ and EXAcerbations of Chronic Pulmonary Disease Tool-Respiratory Symptoms (EXACT-RS) scores. Safety of GLY was evaluated by monitoring the incidence of adverse events (AEs). Results Following 12 weeks of treatment, GLY 25 μg twice-daily (BID) resulted in placebo-adjusted improvements from baseline in FEV1 of 77.1 mL and 124.4 mL in the CB and non-CB groups, respectively (p<0.0001 vs placebo in both groups). Significant improvements in SGRQ total scores were observed with GLY 25 μg BID compared with placebo, regardless of baseline CB status. Although EXACT-RS improvements were noted in both CB and non-CB groups, significant improvements were observed only in the CB group. GLY 25 μg BID was generally well tolerated through 12 weeks of treatment, with a low incidence of AEs. Conclusion Treatment with nebulized GLY 25 μg BID for 12 weeks resulted in significant improvements in lung function and SGRQ total scores, compared with placebo. Significant improvements in EXACT-RS total scores were observed only in the CB group. Together, these results support the use of GLY 25 μg BID in patients with COPD, regardless of their CB status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald P Tashkin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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34
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Zhang M, Wang S, Wang X, Xu X, Yao Z, Fang W, Wu J, Wu Q, Li Z, Wang D. Allyl isothiocyanate increases MRP1 expression in cigarette smoke extract-stimulated human bronchial epithelial cells via the JNK/Nrf2 pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:409. [PMID: 33692840 PMCID: PMC7938453 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance-related protein 1 (MRP1) is involved in the biological transport of several molecules with diverse structural characteristics outside of the cell. In addition to its transport activity, MRP1 exhibits multiple defense mechanisms in vivo. MRP1 is highly expressed in normal lung tissues and plays a protective role in the process of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In the present study, human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE14o-cells) were stimulated by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) in vitro to simulate a smoking environment. On this basis, the mechanism of Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) administration on the expression of MRP1 in CSE-stimulated 16HBE14o-cells was investigated. The effects of CSE on the viability of 16 HBE14o-cells were investigated by an MTT assay. The changes in the mRNA expression levels of nuclear erythroid factor 2 (Nrf2) and MRP1 were investigated in CSE-stimulated 16HBE14o-cells using western blotting and reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Immunofluorescence analysis was used to detect Nrf2 nuclear translocation. Incubation of the cells with 5% CSE for 24 h had minor effects on cell viability and resulted in the activation of the JNK and p38MAPK signaling pathways. AITC activated the JNK pathway, inhibited the activation of the p38MAPK pathway in 16HBE14o-cells stimulated by 5% CSE and upregulated the expression levels of Nrf2 and MRP1 in a time-dependent manner. The upregulation of Nrf2, MRP1 and of Nrf2, and MRP1 mRNA expression levels in CSE-stimulated cells was inhibited by pretreatment with SP600125 (a JNK pathway inhibitor). Furthermore, the fluorescence intensity in the nucleus was significantly enhanced following AITC pretreatment and the analysis indicated nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in the cells. These results indicated that Nrf2 and MRP1 expression levels in CSE-stimulated cells were altered following AITC pretreatment. Thus demonstrating that the primary mechanism may be associated with activation of the JNK pathway, while the p38MAPK pathway may not be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
| | - Shujun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, P.R. China
| | - Xueqi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoya Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
| | - Zhaomin Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
| | - Wei Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
| | - Qingqing Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
| | - Zegeng Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital to Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Dianlei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
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Lange P, Ahmed E, Lahmar ZM, Martinez FJ, Bourdin A. Natural history and mechanisms of COPD. Respirology 2021; 26:298-321. [PMID: 33506971 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The natural history of COPD is complex, and the disease is best understood as a syndrome resulting from numerous interacting factors throughout the life cycle with smoking being the strongest inciting feature. Unfortunately, diagnosis is often delayed with several longitudinal cohort studies shedding light on the long 'preclinical' period of COPD. It is now accepted that individuals presenting with different COPD phenotypes may experience varying natural history of their disease. This includes its inception, early stages and progression to established disease. Several scenarios regarding lung function course are possible, but it may conceptually be helpful to distinguish between individuals with normal maximally attained lung function in their early adulthood who thereafter experience faster than normal FEV1 decline, and those who may achieve a lower than normal maximally attained lung function. This may be the main mechanism behind COPD in the latter group, as the decline in FEV1 during their adult life may be normal or only slightly faster than normal. Regardless of the FEV1 trajectory, continuous smoking is strongly associated with disease progression, development of structural lung disease and poor prognosis. In developing countries, factors such as exposure to biomass and sequelae after tuberculosis may lead to a more airway-centred COPD phenotype than seen in smokers. Mechanistically, COPD is characterized by a combination of structural and inflammatory changes. It is unlikely that all patients share the same individual or combined mechanisms given the heterogeneity of resultant phenotypes. Lung explants, bronchial biopsies and other tissue studies have revealed important features. At the small airway level, progression of COPD is clinically imperceptible, and the pathological course of the disease is poorly described. Asthmatic features can further add confusion. However, the small airway epithelium is likely to represent a key focus of the disease, combining impaired subepithelial crosstalk and structural/inflammatory changes. Insufficient resolution of inflammatory processes may facilitate these changes. Pathologically, epithelial metaplasia, inversion of the goblet to ciliated cell ratio, enlargement of the submucosal glands and neutrophil and CD8-T-cell infiltration can be detected. Evidence of type 2 inflammation is gaining interest in the light of new therapeutic agents. Alarmin biology is a promising area that may permit control of inflammation and partial reversal of structural changes in COPD. Here, we review the latest work describing the development and progression of COPD with a focus on lung function trajectories, exacerbations and survival. We also review mechanisms focusing on epithelial changes associated with COPD and lack of resolution characterizing the underlying inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lange
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Respiratory Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Engi Ahmed
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Respiratory Diseases, University of Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Zakaria Mohamed Lahmar
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University of Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Fernando J Martinez
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arnaud Bourdin
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University of Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France
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36
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Inuzuka Y, Mizutari K, Kamide D, Sato M, Shiotani A. Risk factors of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage in adults. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2020; 5:1056-1062. [PMID: 33364394 PMCID: PMC7752073 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tonsillectomy is an essential surgery and is conducted on both children and adults. However, the risk factors of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage for adult patients remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage in adult patients. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 325 adult patients who underwent a tonsillectomy between 2014 and 2018 in our facilities. RESULTS The average age of this study's population was 31.7 ± 10.5 years (range: 19-70 years), and 250 (76.9%) patients were male. Overall, post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage occurred in 71 (21.8%) patients and 5 (1.5%) patients required a second surgery for hemostasis. Post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage often occurred on postoperative day zero or six. Using multiple logistic regression analysis, current smoking status (odds ratio 3.491; 95% confidence interval 1.813-6.723), male sex (odds ratio 3.924; 95% confidence interval 1.548-9.944), and perioperative non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration (odds ratio 7.930; 95% confidence interval 1.004-62.64) were revealed as overall post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage risk factors. To analyze the hemorrhage period after tonsillectomy, we categorized the post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage patients into the primary (bleeding within postoperative day one) and secondary hemorrhage (bleeding on or after postoperative day two) groups. The current smoking status and older age were risk factors for primary hemorrhage and the current smoking status and sex (male) were risk factors for secondary hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS In this study, smoking status, sex, and perioperative non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration were the clinical risk factors for adult post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage. Thus, smoking cessation is, at least, mandatory for patients who receive tonsillectomy to avoid post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Inuzuka
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryNational Defense Medical CollegeTokorozawaJapan
| | - Kunio Mizutari
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryNational Defense Medical CollegeTokorozawaJapan
| | - Daisuke Kamide
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgerySelf‐Defense Forces Central HospitalSetagaya‐kuJapan
| | - Michiya Sato
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgerySelf‐Defense Forces Central HospitalSetagaya‐kuJapan
| | - Akihiro Shiotani
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryNational Defense Medical CollegeTokorozawaJapan
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Dong T, Santos S, Yang Z, Yang S, Kirkhus NE. Sputum and salivary protein biomarkers and point-of-care biosensors for the management of COPD. Analyst 2020; 145:1583-1604. [PMID: 31915768 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01704f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has become one of the most fatal diseases of the century considering mortality and morbidity levels worldwide. This disease is an inflammatory response to environmental stress and tobacco smoking. Although spirometry is the gold-standard diagnostic test administrated in primary and secondary care, it often exhibits low accuracy in cases of predicting disease worsening and possible bias due to the operator, patient, and conditions. Recent developments in proteomics research suggest that the presence of protein biomarkers can aid in the accurate diagnosis and prediction of disease outcomes. This review presents the cutting-edge research progress in the area of protein biomarkers towards the management of COPD. The literature review was confined to protein biomarkers in saliva and sputum because testing these bodily fluids shows great promise for point-of-care (POC) testing due to its practicality, non-invasiveness and inexpensive handling and sampling. Although it is conclusive that more studies on sputum and saliva are needed, this review studies the promising clinical value of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 and MMP-9, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and neutrophil elastase (NE). Following the critical analysis of salivary and sputum biomarkers, the recent development of POC biosensors for the multiplexed detection of biomarkers is also reported. Overall, the review aims to explore the possibility for the future development of POC sensors for chronic lung disease management utilizing clinically relevant biomarkers in saliva and sputum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Smart Transduction, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing 400067, China and Department of Microsystems (IMS), Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Postboks 235, 3603 Kongsberg, Norway.
| | - Simão Santos
- Department of Microsystems (IMS), Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Postboks 235, 3603 Kongsberg, Norway.
| | - Zhaochu Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Smart Transduction, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Smart Transduction, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Niels E Kirkhus
- Horten Kommune - Kommuneoverlege, Enhetsleder Legetjenester, Vestfold, Norway
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38
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Kim V, Jeong S, Zhao H, Kesimer M, Boucher RC, Wells JM, Christenson SA, Han MK, Dransfield M, Paine R, Cooper CB, Barjaktarevic I, Bowler R, Curtis JL, Kaner RJ, O'Beirne SL, O'Neal WK, Rennard SI, Martinez FJ, Woodruff PG. Current smoking with or without chronic bronchitis is independently associated with goblet cell hyperplasia in healthy smokers and COPD subjects. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20133. [PMID: 33208859 PMCID: PMC7674445 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77229-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
COPD, chronic bronchitis (CB) and active smoking have all been associated with goblet cell hyperplasia (GCH) in small studies. Active smoking is strongly associated with CB, but there is a disconnect between CB clinical symptoms and pathology. Chronic cough and sputum production poorly correlate with the presence of GCH or COPD. We hypothesized that the primary determinant of GCH in ever smokers with or without airflow obstruction is active smoking. Goblet Cell Density (GCD) was measured in 71 current or former smokers [32 subjects without COPD and 39 COPD subjects]. Endobronchial mucosal biopsies were stained with Periodic Acid Schiff-Alcian Blue, and GCD was measured as number of goblet cells/mm basement membrane. GCD was divided into tertiles based on log10 transformed values. Log10GCD was greater in current smokers compared to former smokers. Those with classically defined CB or SGRQ defined CB had a greater log10 GCD compared to those without CB. Current smoking was independently associated with tertile 3 (high log10GCD) whereas CB was not in multivariable regression when adjusting for lung function and demographics. These results suggest that GCH is induced by active smoke exposure and does not necessarily correlate with the clinical symptoms of CB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kim
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3401 North Broad Street, 785 Parkinson Pavilion, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
| | - Stephanie Jeong
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3401 North Broad Street, 785 Parkinson Pavilion, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Huaqing Zhao
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3401 North Broad Street, 785 Parkinson Pavilion, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Mehmet Kesimer
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Richard C Boucher
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | - MeiLan K Han
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Robert Paine
- University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Igor Barjaktarevic
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Wanda K O'Neal
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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39
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Rowe SM, Jones I, Dransfield MT, Haque N, Gleason S, Hayes KA, Kulmatycki K, Yates DP, Danahay H, Gosling M, Rowlands DJ, Grant SS. Efficacy and Safety of the CFTR Potentiator Icenticaftor (QBW251) in COPD: Results from a Phase 2 Randomized Trial. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020; 15:2399-2409. [PMID: 33116455 PMCID: PMC7547289 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s257474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Excess mucus plays a key role in COPD pathogenesis. Cigarette smoke-induced cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dysfunction may contribute to disease pathogenesis by depleting airway surface liquid and reducing mucociliary transport; these defects can be corrected in vitro by potentiating CFTR. Objective To assess the efficacy of the CFTR potentiator icenticaftor in improving airflow obstruction in COPD patients with symptoms of chronic bronchitis. Methods In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, COPD patients were randomized (2:1) to either icenticaftor 300 mg or placebo b.i.d. This non-confirmatory proof of concept study was powered for lung clearance index (LCI) and pre-bronchodilator FEV1, with an estimated sample size of 90 patients. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in LCI for icenticaftor versus placebo at Day 29; key secondary endpoints included change from baseline in pre- and post-bronchodilator FEV1 on Day 29. Key exploratory endpoints included change from baseline in sweat chloride, plasma fibrinogen levels, and sputum colonization. Results Ninety-two patients were randomized (icenticaftor, n=64; placebo, n=28). At Day 29, icenticaftor showed no improvement in change in LCI (treatment difference: 0.28 [19% probability of being better than placebo]), an improvement in pre-bronchodilator FEV1 (mean: 50 mL [84% probability]) and an improvement in post-bronchodilator FEV1 (mean: 63 mL [91% probability]) over placebo. Improvements in sweat chloride, fibrinogen and sputum bacterial colonization were also observed. Icenticaftor was safe and well tolerated. Conclusion The CFTR potentiator icenticaftor increased FEV1 versus placebo after 28 days and was associated with improvements in systemic inflammation and sputum bacterial colonization in COPD patients; no improvements in LCI with icenticaftor were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Rowe
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ieuan Jones
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mark T Dransfield
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nazmul Haque
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stephen Gleason
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katy A Hayes
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Denise P Yates
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Martin Gosling
- Enterprise Therapeutics, Brighton, UK.,Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Sarah S Grant
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
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40
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Widdicombe JH. A Brief History of Bronchitis in England and Wales. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES (MIAMI, FLA.) 2020; 7:303-314. [PMID: 32989942 PMCID: PMC7883910 DOI: 10.15326/jcopdf.7.4.2020.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic bronchitis is associated with hypertrophy of airway submucosal glands and with mucus and squamous metaplasia of the surface epithelium. A historical review of research on these and other pathological changes is provided. Next, from annual reports of the Registrar-General's Office (and later the Office of National Statistics), death rates per unit population from acute and chronic bronchitis (a term that here includes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD]) are calculated for England and Wales from 1838 to the present. It is argued that a large increase in the death rate between 1838 and 1879, from all forms of bronchitis combined, was due primarily to increased levels of atmospheric coal smoke, whereas a decrease from 1879 to 1935 was due to progressively cleaner air. Between 1935 and the mid-1960s, mortality from chronic bronchitis among men increased dramatically, after which it has fallen, a pattern that parallels changes in cigarette smoking. Finally, a brief historical review of the treatments for chronic bronchitis is presented.
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41
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Valipour A, Fernandez-Bussy S, Ing AJ, Steinfort DP, Snell GI, Williamson JP, Saghaie T, Irving LB, Dabscheck EJ, Krimsky WS, Waldstreicher J. Bronchial Rheoplasty for Treatment of Chronic Bronchitis. Twelve-Month Results from a Multicenter Clinical Trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202:681-689. [PMID: 32407638 PMCID: PMC7462406 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201908-1546oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Chronic bronchitis (CB) is characterized by productive cough with excessive mucus production, resulting in quality-of-life impairment and increased exacerbation risk. Bronchial rheoplasty uses an endobronchial catheter to apply nonthermal pulsed electrical fields to the airways. Preclinical studies have demonstrated epithelial ablation followed by regeneration of normalized epithelium.Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and initial outcomes of bronchial rheoplasty in patients with CB.Methods: Pooled analysis of two separate studies enrolling 30 patients undergoing bilateral bronchial rheoplasty was conducted. Follow-up through 6 months (primary outcome) and 12 months included assessment of adverse events, airway histology, and changes in symptoms using the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Assessment Test and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ).Measurements and Main Results: Bronchial rheoplasty was performed in all 30 patients (63% male; mean [SD] age, 67 [7.4]; mean [SD] postbronchodilator FEV1, 65% [21%]; mean [SD] COPD Assessment Test score 25.6 [7.1]; mean [SD] SGRQ score, 59.6 [15.3]). There were no device-related and four procedure-related serious adverse events through 6 months, and there were none thereafter through 12 months. The most frequent nonserious, device- and/or procedure-related event through 6 months was mild hemoptysis in 47% (14 of 30) patients. Histologically, the mean goblet cell hyperplasia score was reduced by a statistically significant amount (P < 0.001). Significant changes from baseline to 6 months in COPD Assessment Test (mean, -7.9; median, -8.0; P = 0.0002) and SGRQ (mean, -14.6; median, -7.2; P = 0.0002) scores were observed, with similar observations through 12 months.Conclusions: This study provides the first clinical evidence of the feasibility, safety, and initial outcomes of bronchial rheoplasty in symptomatic patients with CB.Clinical trial registered with www.anzctr.org.au (ACTRN 12617000330347) and clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03107494).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arschang Valipour
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Fernandez-Bussy
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, German Clinic of Santiago, Chile
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Alvin J. Ing
- MQ Health, Macquarie University Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel P. Steinfort
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gregory I. Snell
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Tajalli Saghaie
- MQ Health, Macquarie University Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Louis B. Irving
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eli J. Dabscheck
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - William S. Krimsky
- Medstar Franklin Square Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland; and
- Gala Therapeutics, Menlo Park, California
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Shah PL, Orton C. Epithelial Resurfacing: The Bronchial Skin Peel. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202:641-642. [PMID: 32441988 PMCID: PMC7462398 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202004-1097ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pallav L Shah
- Royal Brompton Hospital London, United Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London London, United Kingdom and
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Orton
- Royal Brompton Hospital London, United Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London London, United Kingdom and
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital London, United Kingdom
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43
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Effects of corticosteroids on COPD lung macrophage phenotype and function. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:751-763. [PMID: 32227160 DOI: 10.1042/cs20191202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The numbers of macrophages are increased in the lungs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. COPD lung macrophages have reduced ability to phagocytose microbes and efferocytose apoptotic cells. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are widely used anti-inflammatory drugs in COPD; however, their role beyond suppression of cytokine release has not been explored in COPD macrophages. We have examined the effects of corticosteroids on COPD lung macrophage phenotype and function. Lung macrophages from controls and COPD patients were treated with corticosteroids; effects on gene and protein expression of CD163, CD164, CD206, MERTK, CD64, CD80 and CD86 were studied. We also examined the effect of corticosteroids on the function of CD163, MERTK and cluster of differentiation 64 (CD64). Corticosteroid increased CD163, CD164, CD206 and MERTK expression and reduced CD64, CD80 and CD86 expression. We also observed an increase in the uptake of the haemoglobin-haptoglobin complex (CD163) from 59 up to 81% and an increase in efferocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils (MERTK) from 15 up to 28% following corticosteroid treatment. We observed no effect on bacterial phagocytosis. Corticosteroids alter the phenotype and function of COPD lung macrophages. Our findings suggest mechanisms by which corticosteroids exert therapeutic benefit in COPD, reducing iron available for bacterial growth and enhancing efferocytosis.
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Smith JC, Sausville EL, Girish V, Yuan ML, Vasudevan A, John KM, Sheltzer JM. Cigarette Smoke Exposure and Inflammatory Signaling Increase the Expression of the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor ACE2 in the Respiratory Tract. Dev Cell 2020; 53:514-529.e3. [PMID: 32425701 PMCID: PMC7229915 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The factors mediating fatal SARS-CoV-2 infections are poorly understood. Here, we show that cigarette smoke causes a dose-dependent upregulation of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, in rodent and human lungs. Using single-cell sequencing data, we demonstrate that ACE2 is expressed in a subset of secretory cells in the respiratory tract. Chronic smoke exposure triggers the expansion of this cell population and a concomitant increase in ACE2 expression. In contrast, quitting smoking decreases the abundance of these secretory cells and reduces ACE2 levels. Finally, we demonstrate that ACE2 expression is responsive to inflammatory signaling and can be upregulated by viral infections or interferon treatment. Taken together, these results may partially explain why smokers are particularly susceptible to severe SARS-CoV-2 infections. Furthermore, our work identifies ACE2 as an interferon-stimulated gene in lung cells, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infections could create positive feedback loops that increase ACE2 levels and facilitate viral dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan C Smith
- Google, Inc., New York City, NY 10011, USA; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Erin L Sausville
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Vishruth Girish
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Monet Lou Yuan
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Anand Vasudevan
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Kristen M John
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Jason M Sheltzer
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
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45
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Intermittent exposure to whole cigarette smoke alters the differentiation of primary small airway epithelial cells in the air-liquid interface culture. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6257. [PMID: 32277131 PMCID: PMC7148343 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63345-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is the leading risk factor to develop COPD. Therefore, the pathologic effects of whole CS on the differentiation of primary small airway epithelial cells (SAEC) were investigated, using cells from three healthy donors and three COPD patients, cultured under ALI (air-liquid interface) conditions. The analysis of the epithelial physiology demonstrated that CS impaired barrier formation and reduced cilia beat activity. Although, COPD-derived ALI cultures preserved some features known from COPD patients, CS-induced effects were similarly pronounced in ALI cultures from patients compared to healthy controls. RNA sequencing analyses revealed the deregulation of marker genes for basal and secretory cells upon CS exposure. The comparison between gene signatures obtained from the in vitro model (CS vs. air) with a published data set from human epithelial brushes (smoker vs. non-smoker) revealed a high degree of similarity between deregulated genes and pathways induced by CS. Taken together, whole cigarette smoke alters the differentiation of small airway basal cells in vitro. The established model showed a good translatability to the situation in vivo. Thus, the model can help to identify and test novel therapeutic approaches to restore the impaired epithelial repair mechanisms in COPD, which is still a high medical need.
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46
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Lin VY, Kaza N, Birket SE, Kim H, Edwards LJ, LaFontaine J, Liu L, Mazur M, Byzek SA, Hanes J, Tearney GJ, Raju SV, Rowe SM. Excess mucus viscosity and airway dehydration impact COPD airway clearance. Eur Respir J 2020; 55:13993003.00419-2019. [PMID: 31672759 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00419-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which cigarette smoking impairs airway mucus clearance are not well understood. We recently established a ferret model of cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exhibiting chronic bronchitis. We investigated the effects of cigarette smoke on mucociliary transport (MCT).Adult ferrets were exposed to cigarette smoke for 6 months, with in vivo mucociliary clearance measured by technetium-labelled DTPA retention. Excised tracheae were imaged with micro-optical coherence tomography. Mucus changes in primary human airway epithelial cells and ex vivo ferret airways were assessed by histology and particle tracking microrheology. Linear mixed models for repeated measures identified key determinants of MCT.Compared to air controls, cigarette smoke-exposed ferrets exhibited mucus hypersecretion, delayed mucociliary clearance (-89.0%, p<0.01) and impaired tracheal MCT (-29.4%, p<0.05). Cholinergic stimulus augmented airway surface liquid (ASL) depth (5.8±0.3 to 7.3±0.6 µm, p<0.0001) and restored MCT (6.8±0.8 to 12.9±1.2 mm·min-1, p<0.0001). Mixed model analysis controlling for covariates indicated smoking exposure, mucus hydration (ASL) and ciliary beat frequency were important predictors of MCT. Ferret mucus was hyperviscous following smoke exposure in vivo or in vitro, and contributed to diminished MCT. Primary cells from smokers with and without COPD recapitulated these findings, which persisted despite the absence of continued smoke exposure.Cigarette smoke impairs MCT by inducing airway dehydration and increased mucus viscosity, and can be partially abrogated by cholinergic secretion of fluid secretion. These data elucidate the detrimental effects of cigarette smoke exposure on mucus clearance and suggest additional avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Y Lin
- Dept of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Niroop Kaza
- Dept of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Susan E Birket
- Dept of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Harrison Kim
- Dept of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lloyd J Edwards
- Dept of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jennifer LaFontaine
- Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Linbo Liu
- School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering and School of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Marina Mazur
- Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stephen A Byzek
- Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Justin Hanes
- The Center for Nanomedicine at Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guillermo J Tearney
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Vamsee Raju
- Dept of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Steven M Rowe
- Dept of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Hadzic S, Wu CY, Avdeev S, Weissmann N, Schermuly RT, Kosanovic D. Lung epithelium damage in COPD - An unstoppable pathological event? Cell Signal 2020; 68:109540. [PMID: 31953012 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common term for alveolar septal wall destruction resulting in emphysema, and chronic bronchitis accompanied by conductive airway remodelling. In general, this disease is characterized by a disbalance of proteolytic/anti-proteolytic activity, augmented inflammatory response, increased oxidative/nitrosative stress, rise in number of apoptotic cells and decreased proliferation. As the first responder to the various environmental stimuli, epithelium occupies an important position in different lung pathologies, including COPD. Epithelium sequentially transitions from the upper airways in the direction of the gas exchange surface in the alveoli, and every cell type possesses a distinct role in the maintenance of the homeostasis. Basically, a thick ciliated structure of the airway epithelium has a major function in mucus secretion, whereas, alveolar epithelium which forms a thin barrier covered by surfactant has a function in gas exchange. Following this line, we will try to reveal whether or not the chronic bronchitis and emphysema, being two pathological phenotypes in COPD, could originate in two different types of epithelium. In addition, this review focuses on the role of lung epithelium in COPD pathology, and summarises underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hadzic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Cheng-Yu Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sergey Avdeev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralph Theo Schermuly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Djuro Kosanovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
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48
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Choi JY, Yoon HK, Shin KC, Park SY, Lee CY, Ra SW, Jung KS, Yoo KH, Lee CH, Rhee CK. CAT Score and SGRQ Definitions of Chronic Bronchitis as an Alternative to the Classical Definition. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2019; 14:3043-3052. [PMID: 31920301 PMCID: PMC6941605 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s228307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Previous studies have used various definitions to classify chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients into chronic bronchitis (CB) and non-CB patients. This study was performed to identify differences among three definitions of CB based on the classical method, St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), and the CAT (COPD Assessment Test) score. Patients and methods We extracted data from the multicenter Korea COPD Subgroup Study (KOCOSS) cohort, for which patients recruited from among 47 medical centers in South Korea beginning in April 2012. Patients were classified according to three different definitions of CB: 1) classical definition; 2) SGRQ (using questions regarding cough and sputum); and 3) CAT score (comprising cough [CAT1] and sputum [CAT2] subscale scores). Results A total of 2694 patients were enrolled in this study. The proportions of CB were 10.8%, 35.8%, and 24.0% according to the classical, SGRQ, and CAT definitions, respectively. The three definitions yielded consistently significant differences between CB and non-CB patients in modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale CAT score, SGRQ score, number of moderate-to-severe exacerbations per year and forced expiratory volume in 1 second. By three definitions, CB consistently predicted future risk of exacerbation. The kappa coefficient of agreement between the classical definition and SGRQ definition was 0.29, that of the classical definition and CAT definition was 0.32, and that of the SGRQ definition and CAT definition was 0.44. Conclusion Patients with CB according to the new definitions based on SGRQ or CAT score showed similar clinical characteristics to those defined according to the classical definition. The new CB definitions may be used as alternatives to the classical definition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Young Choi
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Kyu Yoon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Cheol Shin
- Division of Pulmonology and Allergy, Regional Center for Respiratory Disease, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Youl Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Won Ra
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Suck Jung
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical School, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Ha Yoo
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chin Kook Rhee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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49
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Duclos GE, Teixeira VH, Autissier P, Gesthalter YB, Reinders-Luinge MA, Terrano R, Dumas YM, Liu G, Mazzilli SA, Brandsma CA, van den Berge M, Janes SM, Timens W, Lenburg ME, Spira A, Campbell JD, Beane J. Characterizing smoking-induced transcriptional heterogeneity in the human bronchial epithelium at single-cell resolution. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw3413. [PMID: 31844660 PMCID: PMC6905872 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw3413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The human bronchial epithelium is composed of multiple distinct cell types that cooperate to defend against environmental insults. While studies have shown that smoking alters bronchial epithelial function and morphology, its precise effects on specific cell types and overall tissue composition are unclear. We used single-cell RNA sequencing to profile bronchial epithelial cells from six never and six current smokers. Unsupervised analyses led to the characterization of a set of toxin metabolism genes that localized to smoker ciliated cells, tissue remodeling associated with a loss of club cells and extensive goblet cell hyperplasia, and a previously unidentified peri-goblet epithelial subpopulation in smokers who expressed a marker of bronchial premalignant lesions. Our data demonstrate that smoke exposure drives a complex landscape of cellular alterations that may prime the human bronchial epithelium for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant E. Duclos
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vitor H. Teixeira
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Patrick Autissier
- Boston University Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yaron B. Gesthalter
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marjan A. Reinders-Luinge
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Robert Terrano
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yves M. Dumas
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah A. Mazzilli
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Corry-Anke Brandsma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sam M. Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Wim Timens
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marc E. Lenburg
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Avrum Spira
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Johnson & Johnson Innovation, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joshua D. Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Beane
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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50
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Altered generation of ciliated cells in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17963. [PMID: 31784664 PMCID: PMC6884487 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54292-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In COPD, epithelial changes are prominent features in the airways, such as goblet cell hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia. In contrast, it remains unclear whether ciliated cells are reduced and which pathways dysregulate epithelial differentiation. We hypothesized that bronchial epithelial cell lineage specification is dysregulated in COPD because of an aberrant reprogramming through transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. Surgical lung tissue from 81 COPD and 61 control (smokers and non-smokers) patients was assessed for bronchial epithelial cell phenotyping by immunohistochemistry, both in situ and in vitro in reconstituted air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures. The role of TGF-β1 was studied in vitro. COPD epithelium in large airways, when compared to controls, showed decreased β-tubulin IV + ciliated cells (4.4%, 2.5–8.8% versus 8.5%, 6.3–11.8% of surface staining, median and IQR, p = 0.0009) and increased MUC5AC + goblet cells (34.8%, 24.4–41.9% versus 10.3%, 5.1–17.6%, p < 0.0001). Both features were recapitulated in the ALI-cultured epithelium from COPD patients. Exogenous TGF-β1 reduced mucociliary differentiation while neutralizing TGF-β1 during ALI increased both specialized cell types. The COPD airway epithelium displays altered differentiation for ciliated cells, which recapitulates in vitro, at least in part through TGF-β1.
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