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Cohen A, Mass A, Reiter J, Zangen DH, Cohen-Cymberknoh M. Long-term therapy with CFTR modulators consistently improves glucose metabolism in adolescents and adults with cystic fibrosis. Respir Med 2024; 228:107664. [PMID: 38759874 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2024.107664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired glycemic control and the subsequent development of Cystic fibrosis Related Diabetes (CFRD) are prevalent complications, affecting up to 50 % of adults with cystic fibrosis (CF). CFTR modulator (CFTRm) therapies improve pulmonary functions, reduce exacerbation rates, increase survival in people with CF (pwCF) and appear to have a positive effect on extrapulmonary manifestations, such as nutritional state, improvements in upper respiratory symptoms, and quality of life. Initial findings indicate that CFTRm may have a positive impact on short-term glycemic control; however, long-term effects remain uncertain at present. METHODS In this retrospective study, data were collected and analyzed on 15 pwCF, ages 13-37 years, started on CFTRm therapy. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) results were compared pre- and post-CFTRm therapy. RESULTS The 120-min OGTT value decreased from 159.7 mg/dL to 130.4 mg/dL post-CFTRm (p = 0.047). The average time elapsed between the two OGTTs was 49.87 months (ranging 9-157 months, median 38 months). Glycemic status improved in six pwCF (two CFRD to normal (NGT)/indeterminate (INDET) glucose tolerance; two impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) to INDET; two INDET to NGT) and worsened in one (IGT to CFRD). Six pwCF and NGT remained stable with no changes in glycemic status throughout the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS CFTRm therapy may decelerate the glycemic control deterioration in pwCF over an extended period. These findings indicate the need for periodic OGTTs following the initiation of CFTRm therapy to appropriately adjust insulin requirements and prevent hypoglycemia. Further larger cohorts are required to authenticate and substantiate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitay Cohen
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alon Mass
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joel Reiter
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; Pediatric Pulmonary Unit and Cystic fibrosis Center, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Haim Zangen
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Malena Cohen-Cymberknoh
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; Pediatric Pulmonary Unit and Cystic fibrosis Center, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Patel T, McBennett K, Sankararaman S, Schindler T, Sundaram K, Minich NM, Malay S, Kutney K. Impact of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor on lipid and fat-soluble vitamin levels and association with body mass index. Pediatr Pulmonol 2024; 59:734-742. [PMID: 38179878 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators improve gastrointestinal absorption of nutrients and may result in changes in body mass index (BMI), serum lipids, and fat-soluble vitamin levels. We hypothesized that serum lipids and vitamin levels would increase with CFTR modulator therapy and that greater increase in lipids and vitamin levels would be related to greater increase in BMI. METHODS A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the impact of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) on nutritional parameters, serum lipids, and fat-soluble vitamin levels. Pre-ETI values (<2 years prior) and post-ETI values (>1 month after) were compared. Linear regression was used to evaluate whether change in BMI is associated with the change in lipid and/or vitamin levels and whether modulator duration is associated with the degree of rise in lipid and/or vitamin levels. RESULTS Adults and adolescents with CF (n = 137) were evaluated before and 31-300 days after starting ETI. Median BMI (adults 21.9 vs. 23.5 kg/m2 ; adolescents 48 vs. 63 percentile) increased after initiation of ETI. Total cholesterol (126 vs. 154 mg/dL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (63 vs. 78 mg/dL), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (84 vs. 102 mg/dL), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (43 vs. 49 mg/dL) increased after ETI, while triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein did not change. Median values for vitamin D (34.5 vs. 38.0 ng/mL) and vitamin A (40.1 vs. 47.9 µg/dL) increased, while vitamin E did not change significantly. There was no significant correlation between BMI change or duration of modulator therapy with vitamin levels or lipid changes. CONCLUSION After initiation of ETI therapy, serum lipids increased in our population, but most values remained within the normal range. Vitamins A and D levels increased post-ETI and no changes were noted in vitamin E. No significant correlation between the degree of BMI change and the magnitude of increase in lipids or vitamin levels was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Patel
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Loyola University School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Kimberly McBennett
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Senthilkumar Sankararaman
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Teresa Schindler
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Krithika Sundaram
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nori Mercuri Minich
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sindhoosha Malay
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Katherine Kutney
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Wilschanski M, Munck A, Carrion E, Cipolli M, Collins S, Colombo C, Declercq D, Hatziagorou E, Hulst J, Kalnins D, Katsagoni CN, Mainz JG, Ribes-Koninckx C, Smith C, Smith T, Van Biervliet S, Chourdakis M. ESPEN-ESPGHAN-ECFS guideline on nutrition care for cystic fibrosis. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:413-445. [PMID: 38169175 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional status is paramount in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) and is directly correlated with morbidity and mortality. The first ESPEN-ESPGHAN-ECFS guidelines on nutrition care for infants, children, and adults with CF were published in 2016. An update to these guidelines is presented. METHODS The study was developed by an international multidisciplinary working group in accordance with officially accepted standards. Literature since 2016 was reviewed, PICO questions were discussed and the GRADE system was utilized. Statements were discussed and submitted for on-line voting by the Working Group and by all ESPEN members. RESULTS The Working Group updated the nutritional guidelines including assessment and management at all ages. Supplementation of vitamins and pancreatic enzymes remains largely the same. There are expanded chapters on pregnancy, CF-related liver disease, and CF-related diabetes, bone disease, nutritional and mineral supplements, and probiotics. There are new chapters on nutrition with highly effective modulator therapies and nutrition after organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wilschanski
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Anne Munck
- Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Estefania Carrion
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marco Cipolli
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Sarah Collins
- CF Therapies Team, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospital, London, UK
| | - Carla Colombo
- University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Dimitri Declercq
- Cystic Fibrosis Reference Centre, Ghent University Hospital and Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elpis Hatziagorou
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit, 3rd Pediatric Dept, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jessie Hulst
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Daina Kalnins
- Department of Clinical Dietetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christina N Katsagoni
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Agia Sofia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece; EFAD, European Specialist Dietetic Networks (ESDN) for Gastroenterology, Denmark
| | - Jochen G Mainz
- Brandenburg Medical School, University Hospital. Klinikum Westbrandenburg, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
| | - Carmen Ribes-Koninckx
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Paediatric Cystic Fibrosis Unit. La Fe Hospital & La Fe Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Chris Smith
- Department of Dietetics, Royal Alexandra Children's Hospital, Brighton, UK
| | - Thomas Smith
- Independent Patient Consultant Working at Above-disease Level, UK
| | | | - Michael Chourdakis
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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Al Shakirchi M, Sorjonen K, Hjelte L, Klingspor L, Bergman P, Ericson P, Svedberg M, Lindberg U, Hansen C, de Monestrol I. Impact of lumacaftor/ivacaftor on the bacterial and fungal respiratory pathogens in cystic fibrosis: a prospective multicenter cohort study in Sweden. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2024; 18:17534666241254090. [PMID: 38780228 PMCID: PMC11119492 DOI: 10.1177/17534666241254090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant decline in pulmonary exacerbation rates has been reported in CF patients homozygous for F508del treated with lumacaftor/ivacaftor. However, it is still unclear whether this reduction reflects a diminished microbiological burden. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the impact of lumacaftor/ivacaftor on the bacterial and fungal burden. DESIGN The study is a prospective multicenter cohort study including 132 CF patients homozygous for F508del treated with lumacaftor/ivacaftor. METHODS Clinical parameters as well as bacterial and fungal outcomes 1 year after initiation of lumacaftor/ivacaftor were compared to data from 2 years prior to initiation of the treatment. Changes in the slope of the outcomes before and after the onset of treatment were assessed. RESULTS Lung function measured as ppFEV1 (p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) in adults (p < 0.001), and BMI z-score in children (p = 0.007) were improved after initiation of lumacaftor/ivacaftor. In addition, the slope of the prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae (p = 0.007) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (p < 0.001) shifted from positive to negative, that is, became less prevalent, 1 year after treatment, while the slope for Candida albicans (p = 0.009), Penicillium spp (p = 0.026), and Scedosporium apiospermum (p < 0.001) shifted from negative to positive. CONCLUSION The current study showed a significant improvement in clinical parameters and a reduction of some of CF respiratory microorganisms 1 year after starting with lumacaftor/ivacaftor. However, no significant changes were observed for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, or Aspergillus fumigatus, key pathogens in the CF context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahasin Al Shakirchi
- Stockholm CF Centre, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Sweden
- Division of Pediatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 8, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Kimmo Sorjonen
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Hjelte
- Stockholm CF Centre, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Pediatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Klingspor
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Bergman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Immunodeficiency Unit, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petrea Ericson
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcus Svedberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Science, Gothenburg University, Sweden
| | | | | | - Isabelle de Monestrol
- Stockholm CF Centre, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Pediatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Southern KW, Addy C, Bell SC, Bevan A, Borawska U, Brown C, Burgel PR, Button B, Castellani C, Chansard A, Chilvers MA, Davies G, Davies JC, De Boeck K, Declercq D, Doumit M, Drevinek P, Fajac I, Gartner S, Georgiopoulos AM, Gursli S, Gramegna A, Hansen CM, Hug MJ, Lammertyn E, Landau EEC, Langley R, Mayer-Hamblett N, Middleton A, Middleton PG, Mielus M, Morrison L, Munck A, Plant B, Ploeger M, Bertrand DP, Pressler T, Quon BS, Radtke T, Saynor ZL, Shufer I, Smyth AR, Smith C, van Koningsbruggen-Rietschel S. Standards for the care of people with cystic fibrosis; establishing and maintaining health. J Cyst Fibros 2024; 23:12-28. [PMID: 38129255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
This is the second in a series of four papers updating the European Cystic Fibrosis Society (ECFS) standards for the care of people with CF. This paper focuses on establishing and maintaining health. The guidance is produced using an evidence-based framework and with wide stakeholder engagement, including people from the CF community. Authors provided a narrative description of their topic and statements, which were more directive. These statements were reviewed by a Delphi exercise, achieving good levels of agreement from a wide group for all statements. This guidance reinforces the importance of a multi-disciplinary CF team, but also describes developing models of care including virtual consultations. The framework for health is reinforced, including the need for a physically active lifestyle and the strict avoidance of all recreational inhalations, including e-cigarettes. Progress with cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapy is reviewed, including emerging adverse events and advice for dose reduction and interruption. This paper contains guidance that is pertinent to all people with CF regardless of age and eligibility for and access to modulator therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W Southern
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Charlotte Addy
- All Wales Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, University Hospital Llandough, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - Scott C Bell
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Amanda Bevan
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Urzula Borawska
- Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw, Cystic Fibrosis Department and Dziekanow Lesny Hospital, Cystic Fibrosis Center, Dziekanow Lesny, Poland
| | - Catherine Brown
- West Midlands Adult CF Centre, Heartlands Hospital Birmingham, UK
| | - Pierre-Régis Burgel
- Respiratory Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis National Reference Center, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Paris, France
| | - Brenda Button
- Department of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia 3181, and Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Health, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Carlo Castellani
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Audrey Chansard
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate Centre, UMR7216 CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France, and Cystic Fibrosis Europe, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mark A Chilvers
- Divison of Pediatric Respiratroy Medicine, BC Childrens Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Gwyneth Davies
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Jane C Davies
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London; Imperial Biomedical Research Centre; Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Dimitri Declercq
- Cystic Fibrosis Reference Center, Department of Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, Center for children and adolescents with diabetes, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Pavel Drevinek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Isabelle Fajac
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Anna M Georgiopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Sandra Gursli
- National Resource Centre for Cystic Fibrosis, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrea Gramegna
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Respiratory Unit and Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Carina Me Hansen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martin J Hug
- Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Pharmacy, Hugstetter St. 55, Freiburg, D-79106, Germany
| | - Elise Lammertyn
- Cystic Fibrosis Europe, Brussels, Belgium and the Belgian CF Association, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Edwina Eddie C Landau
- The Graub CF Center, Pulmonary Institute, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Ross Langley
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory & Sleep Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nicole Mayer-Hamblett
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Wa, USA
| | - Anna Middleton
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter G Middleton
- Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney and CITRICA, Dept Respiratory & Sleep Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia
| | - Monika Mielus
- Cystic Fibrosis Department, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland; Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Pediatric Hospital, Dziekanów Leśny, Poland
| | - Lisa Morrison
- West of Scotland Adult CF Centre, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anne Munck
- Hospital Necker Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, CF centre, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Barry Plant
- Cork Centre for Cystic Fibrosis (3CF), Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Dominique Pougheon Bertrand
- Laboratoire Educations et Promotion de la santé, LEPS, UR 3412, University of Sorbonne Paris Nord, F-93430, Villetaneuse, France
| | | | - Bradley S Quon
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine. St. Paul's Hospital and the University of British Columbia. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Thomas Radtke
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zoe L Saynor
- Physical Activity, Health and Rehabilitation Thematic Research Group, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, UK and Wessex Cystic Fibrosis Unit, University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Ilan Shufer
- CF Patient, Head of Access, Off label and Trials, Computer Science Architecture, Research and Innovation, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation of Israel, Israel
| | - Alan R Smyth
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Belfast and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Chris Smith
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Royal Alexandra Children's Hospital, Brighton, UK
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Fitzgerald DA. "The expectations of life depend upon diligence; the mechanic that would perfect his work must first sharpen his tools": Confucius. Paediatr Respir Rev 2023; 48:1-2. [PMID: 37749015 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic A Fitzgerald
- Paediatric Respiratory and Sleep Physician, Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; Discipline Paediatrics & Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
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Teper A, Lubovich S, Rodríguez V, Zaragoza S, Rodríguez E, Bournissen FG. Real-life experience with a generic formulation of lumacaftor-ivacaftor in patients with cystic fibrosis homozygous for the Phe508del CFTR mutation. Pediatr Pulmonol 2023; 58:3560-3565. [PMID: 37712606 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most frequent recessive autosomal disorder in the Caucasian population. It is caused by mutations that result in a deficient or dysfunctional cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein activity. Among CFTR modulators, potentiator compounds increase channel opening, whereas corrector compounds increase CFTR quantity in the cell surface. OBJECTIVE To report real-life effects of a generic formulation of lumacaftor-ivacaftor use in patients with CF homozygous for the Phe508del CFTR mutation. PATIENTS AND METHODS Clinical variables (body mass index [BMI], pulmonary exacerbations, sweat test, and pulmonary function) were analyzed in 30 CF patients homozygous for the Phe508del CFTR mutation, treated with lumacaftor-ivacaftor for 12 months, at the Respiratory Center of Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez. These clinical variables were compared with those before the use of modulators. RESULTS A total of 30 patients with CF homozygous for the Phe508del CFTR mutation receiving lumacaftor-ivacaftor therapy were included in this study. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) age at the start of treatment was 10.79 (7.08-14.05) years. Nineteen patients were male. Before treatment, median (IQR) sweat chloride concentration was 80 (72-92) mEq/L, and it had decreased to 74 (68-78) mEq/L (p = .05) 12 months after treatment. Median (IQR) BMI z-score improved from -0.33 (-0.86 to 0.21) to -0.13 (-0.66 to 0.54) (p = .003). A spirometry was performed in 28 of 30 patients. Median (IQR) ppFEV1 was 83.5 (71-91) before treatment and 86.5 (67-103) after treatment (p = .38), 73.3% of patients referred decreased sputum production and 40% reported improvement in their dyspnea at 12 months. Severe pulmonary exacerbations significantly decreased from 60% in the year before treatment, to 30% at 12 months after treatment (p = .037); 13 patients showed an improvement in their exacerbation rates, 2 showed an increased rate, and 15 showed no change. CONCLUSIONS The use of a generic formulation of lumacaftor-ivacaftor in patients homozygous for the Phe508del CFTR mutation was associated with improvement in nutritional status and respiratory symptoms, and a significant reduction in severe pulmonary exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Teper
- Division of Respiratory, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina Lubovich
- Division of Respiratory, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Viviana Rodríguez
- Division of Respiratory, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina Zaragoza
- Division of Respiratory, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Rodríguez
- Division of Respiratory, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Facundo García Bournissen
- Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Lieu N, Prentice BJ, Field P, Fitzgerald DA. Trials and tribulations of highly effective modulator therapies in cystic fibrosis. Paediatr Respir Rev 2023; 48:10-19. [PMID: 37914566 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Highly effective modulator therapies (HEMTs) have revolutionised the management approach of most patients living with cystic fibrosis (CF) who have access to these therapies. Clinical trials have reported significant improvements across multiorgan systems, with patients surviving longer. However, there are accumulating case reports and observational data describing various adverse events following initiation of HEMTs including drug-to-drug interactions, drug induced liver injury, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and neurocognitive symptoms including psychosis and depression, which have required discontinuation of therapy. Current clinical trials are assessing efficacy in younger patients with CF, yet long-term studies are also required to better understand the safety profile in the real-world setting across all ages and the impact of HEMT dose alteration or discontinuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Lieu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 2145; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Bernadette J Prentice
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 2031; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Penelope Field
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 2145; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 2031; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dominic A Fitzgerald
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 2145; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Malik SS, Padmanabhan D, Hull-Meichle RL. Pancreas and islet morphology in cystic fibrosis: clues to the etiology of cystic fibrosis-related diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1269139. [PMID: 38075070 PMCID: PMC10704027 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1269139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multi-organ disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in CFTR (which encodes the CF transmembrane conductance regulator ion channel). Cystic fibrosis related diabetes (CFRD) occurs in 40-50% of adults with CF and is associated with significantly increased morbidity and mortality. CFRD arises from insufficient insulin release from β cells in the pancreatic islet, but the mechanisms underlying the loss of β cell function remain understudied. Widespread pathological changes in the CF pancreas provide clues to these mechanisms. The exocrine pancreas is the epicenter of pancreas pathology in CF, with ductal pathology being the initiating event. Loss of CFTR function results in ductal plugging and subsequent obliteration. This in turn leads to destruction of acinar cells, fibrosis and fatty replacement. Despite this adverse environment, islets remain relatively well preserved. However, islet composition and arrangement are abnormal, including a modest decrease in β cells and an increase in α, δ and γ cell abundance. The small amount of available data suggest that substantial loss of pancreatic/islet microvasculature, autonomic nerve fibers and intra-islet macrophages occur. Conversely, T-cell infiltration is increased and, in CFRD, islet amyloid deposition is a frequent occurrence. Together, these pathological changes clearly demonstrate that CF is a disease of the pancreas/islet microenvironment. Any or all of these changes are likely to have a dramatic effect on the β cell, which relies on positive signals from all of these neighboring cell types for its normal function and survival. A thorough characterization of the CF pancreas microenvironment is needed to develop better therapies to treat, and ultimately prevent CFRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S. Malik
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Diksha Padmanabhan
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
- Seattle Institute for Biomedical and Clinical Research, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Rebecca L. Hull-Meichle
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
- Seattle Institute for Biomedical and Clinical Research, Seattle, WA, United States
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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10
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Pócsi M, Fejes Z, Bene Z, Nagy A, Balogh I, Amaral MD, Macek M, Nagy B. Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) plasma concentration inversely correlates with the improvement of cystic fibrosis lung disease in p.Phe508del-CFTR homozygous cases treated with the CFTR modulator lumacaftor/ivacaftor combination. J Cyst Fibros 2023; 22:1085-1092. [PMID: 37087300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously documented that elevated HE4 plasma concentration decreased in people with CF (pwCF) bearing the p.Gly551Asp-CFTR variant in response to CFTR modulator (CFTRm) ivacaftor (IVA), and this level was inversely correlated with the FEV1% predicted values (ppFEV1). Although the effectiveness of lumacaftor (LUM)/IVA in pwCF homozygous for the p.Phe508del-CFTR variant has been evaluated, plasma biomarkers were not used to monitor treatment efficacy thus far. METHODS Plasma HE4 concentration was examined in 68 pwCF drawn from the PROSPECT study who were homozygous for the p.Phe508del-CFTR variant before treatment and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after administration of LUM/IVA therapy. Plasma HE4 was correlated with ppFEV1 using their absolute and delta values. The discriminatory power of delta HE4 was evaluated for the detection of lung function improvements based on ROC-AUC analysis and multiple regression test. RESULTS HE4 plasma concentration was significantly reduced below baseline following LUM/IVA administration during the entire study period. The mean change of ppFEV1 was 2.6% (95% CI, 0.6 to 4.5) by 6 months of therapy in this sub-cohort. A significant inverse correlation between delta values of HE4 and ppFEV1 was observed especially in children with CF (r=-0.7053; p<0.0001). Delta HE4 predicted a 2.6% mean change in ppFEV1 (AUC: 0.7898 [95% CI 0.6823-0.8972]; P < 0.0001) at a cut-off value of -10.7 pmol/L. Moreover, delta HE4 independently represented the likelihood of being a responder with ≥ 5% delta ppFEV1 at 6 months (OR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.82-0.95; P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Plasma HE4 level negatively correlates with lung function improvement assessed by ppFEV1 in pwCF undergoing LUM/IVA CFTRm treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Pócsi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Laki Kálmán Doctoral School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Fejes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Bene
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Nagy
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Balogh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Margarida D Amaral
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Milan Macek
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine of Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Béla Nagy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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11
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Taylor-Cousar JL, Robinson PD, Shteinberg M, Downey DG. CFTR modulator therapy: transforming the landscape of clinical care in cystic fibrosis. Lancet 2023; 402:1171-1184. [PMID: 37699418 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01609-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Following discovery of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene in 1989 and subsequent elucidation of the varied CFTR protein abnormalities that result, a new era of cystic fibrosis management has emerged-one in which scientific principles translated from the bench to the bedside have enabled us to potentially treat the basic defect in the majority of children and adults with cystic fibrosis, with a resultant burgeoning adult cystic fibrosis population. However, the long-term effects of these therapies on the multiple manifestations of cystic fibrosis are still under investigation. Understanding the effects of modulators in populations excluded from clinical trials is also crucial. Furthermore, establishing appropriate disease measures to assess efficacy in the youngest potential trial participants and in those whose post-modulator lung function is in the typical range for people without chronic lung disease is essential for continued drug development. Finally, recognising that a health outcome gap has been created for some people and widened for others who are not eligible for, cannot tolerate, or do not have access to modulators is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Taylor-Cousar
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA; Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Paul D Robinson
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michal Shteinberg
- Pulmonology Institute and CF Center, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel; B Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Damian G Downey
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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12
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Dettmer S, Weinheimer O, Sauer-Heilborn A, Lammers O, Wielpütz MO, Fuge J, Welte T, Wacker F, Ringshausen FC. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of computed tomography changes in adults with cystic fibrosis treated with elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor: a retrospective observational study. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1245885. [PMID: 37808186 PMCID: PMC10552920 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1245885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The availability of highly effective triple cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator combination therapy with elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor (ETI) has improved pulmonary outcomes and quality of life of people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). The aim of this study was to assess computed tomography (CT) changes under ETI visually with the Brody score and quantitatively with dedicated software, and to correlate CT measures with parameters of clinical response. Methods: Twenty two adult pwCF with two consecutive CT scans before and after ETI treatment initiation were retrospectively included. CT was assessed visually employing the Brody score and quantitatively by YACTA, a well-evaluated scientific software computing airway dimensions and lung parenchyma with wall percentage (WP), wall thickness (WT), lumen area (LA), bronchiectasis index (BI), lung volume and mean lung density (MLD) as parameters. Changes in CT metrics were evaluated and the visual and quantitative parameters were correlated with each other and with clinical changes in sweat chloride concentration, spirometry [percent predicted of forced expiratory volume in one second (ppFEV1)] and body mass index (BMI). Results: The mean (SD) Brody score improved with ETI [55 (12) vs. 38 (15); p < 0.001], incl. sub-scores for mucus plugging, peribronchial thickening, and parenchymal changes (all p < 0.001), but not for bronchiectasis (p = 0.281). Quantitatve WP (p < 0.001) and WT (p = 0.004) were reduced, conversely LA increased (p = 0.003), and BI improved (p = 0.012). Lung volume increased (p < 0.001), and MLD decreased (p < 0.001) through a reduction of ground glass opacity areas (p < 0.001). Changes of the Brody score correlated with those of quantitative parameters, exemplarily WT with the sub-score for mucus plugging (r = 0.730, p < 0.001) and peribronchial thickening (r = 0.552, p = 0.008). Changes of CT parameters correlated with those of clinical response parameters, in particular ppFEV1 with the Brody score (r = -0.606, p = 0.003) and with WT (r = -0.538, p = 0.010). Discussion: Morphological treatment response to ETI can be assessed using the Brody score as well as quantitative CT parameters. Changes in CT correlated with clinical improvements. The quantitative analysis with YACTA proved to be an objective, reproducible and simple method for monitoring lung disease, particularly with regard to future interventional clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Dettmer
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Oliver Weinheimer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annette Sauer-Heilborn
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Oliver Lammers
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark O. Wielpütz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Fuge
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias Welte
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank Wacker
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix C. Ringshausen
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- European Reference Network on Rare and Complex Respiratory Diseases (ERN-LUNG), Frankfurt, Germany
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13
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Lussac-Sorton F, Charpentier É, Imbert S, Lefranc M, Bui S, Fayon M, Berger P, Enaud R, Delhaes L. The gut-lung axis in the CFTR modulator era. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1271117. [PMID: 37780857 PMCID: PMC10540301 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1271117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of CFTR modulators represents a turning point in the history of cystic fibrosis (CF) management, changing profoundly the disease's clinical course by improving mucosal hydration. Assessing changes in airway and digestive tract microbiomes is of great interest to better understand the mechanisms and to predict disease evolution. Bacterial and fungal dysbiosis have been well documented in patients with CF; yet the impact of CFTR modulators on microbial communities has only been partially deciphered to date. In this review, we aim to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the impact of CFTR modulators on both pulmonary and digestive microbiomes. Our analysis also covers the inter-organ connections between lung and gut communities, in order to highlight the gut-lung axis involvement in CF pathophysiology and its evolution in the era of novel modulators therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lussac-Sorton
- Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Éléna Charpentier
- Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Sébastien Imbert
- Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
- CHU Bordeaux, Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences de la Mucoviscidose (CRCM), Service de Pédiatrie, Service d’Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, CIC, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maxime Lefranc
- CHU Bordeaux, Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences de la Mucoviscidose (CRCM), Service de Pédiatrie, Service d’Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, CIC, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphanie Bui
- Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
- CHU Bordeaux, Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences de la Mucoviscidose (CRCM), Service de Pédiatrie, Service d’Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, CIC, Bordeaux, France
| | - Michael Fayon
- Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
- CHU Bordeaux, Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences de la Mucoviscidose (CRCM), Service de Pédiatrie, Service d’Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, CIC, Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrick Berger
- Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
- CHU Bordeaux, Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences de la Mucoviscidose (CRCM), Service de Pédiatrie, Service d’Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, CIC, Bordeaux, France
| | - Raphaël Enaud
- Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
- CHU Bordeaux, Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences de la Mucoviscidose (CRCM), Service de Pédiatrie, Service d’Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, CIC, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurence Delhaes
- Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
- CHU Bordeaux, Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences de la Mucoviscidose (CRCM), Service de Pédiatrie, Service d’Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, CIC, Bordeaux, France
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14
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Donnelley M, Cmielewski P, Knight E, Carpentieri C, McCarron A, Rout-Pitt N, Parsons D, Farrow N. Repeat or single-dose lentiviral vector administration to mouse lungs? It's all about the timing. Gene Ther 2023; 30:698-705. [PMID: 37165031 PMCID: PMC10506910 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-023-00403-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors are attractive delivery vehicles for cystic fibrosis gene therapy owing to their low immunogenicity and ability to integrate into the host cell genome, thereby producing long-term, stable gene expression. Nonetheless, repeat dosing may be required to increase initial expression levels, and/or boost levels when they wane. The primary aim of this study was to determine if repeat dosing of a VSV-G pseudotyped LV vector delivered into mouse lungs is more effective than a single dose. C57Bl/6 mouse lungs were conditioned with lysophosphatidylcholine, followed one-hour later by a LV vector carrying the luciferase reporter gene, using six different short-term (≤1 wk) and long-term (>1 wk) dosing schedules. Luciferase expression was quantified using bioluminescence imaging over 12 months. Most dosing schedules produced detectable bioluminescence over the 12-month period, but the shorter intervals (≤1 wk) produced higher levels of flux than the longest interval (five doses at least 1-month apart). Ex vivo lung analysis at 12 months showed that the estimated mean flux for the group that received two doses 1-week apart was significantly greater than the single dose group and the two groups that received doses over a period greater than 1-week. These results suggest that early consecutive multiple doses are more effective at improving gene expression in mouse lungs at 12 months, than longer repeat dosing intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Donnelley
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Patricia Cmielewski
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Emma Knight
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Chantelle Carpentieri
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alexandra McCarron
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nathan Rout-Pitt
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David Parsons
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nigel Farrow
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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15
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Schembri L, Warraich S, Bentley S, Carr SB, Balfour-Lynn IM. Impact of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor on fat-soluble vitamin levels in children with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2023; 22:843-846. [PMID: 37142523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2023.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with cystic fibrosis are at risk of fat-soluble vitamin deficiency. CFTR modulators positively effect nutritional status. This study aimed to assess changes in serum vitamins A, D & E after starting ETI therapy to ensure levels were not abnormally high. METHODS Retrospective review of annual assessment data over 3½ years, before and after starting ETI in a specialist paediatric CF centre, including vitamin levels. RESULTS 54 eligible patients were included, aged 5-15 yrs (median age 11.5). Median time to post measurements was 171 days. Median vitamin A was increased (1.38 to 1.63 µmol/L, p<0.001). Three patients (6%) had high vitamin A post-ETI, compared with none at baseline; and 2 (4%) had low levels compared to 4 (8%) at baseline. No changes in vitamins D&E. CONCLUSIONS This study found increased vitamin A, sometimes to high levels. We recommend testing levels within 3 months of starting ETI.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Schembri
- Department of Paediatric Dietetics, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Warraich
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Bentley
- Department of Paediatric Pharmacy, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - S B Carr
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - I M Balfour-Lynn
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.
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16
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McNally P, Linnane B, Williamson M, Elnazir B, Short C, Saunders C, Kirwan L, David R, Kemner-Van de Corput MPC, Tiddens HAWM, Davies JC, Cox DW. The clinical impact of Lumacaftor-Ivacaftor on structural lung disease and lung function in children aged 6-11 with cystic fibrosis in a real-world setting. Respir Res 2023; 24:199. [PMID: 37568199 PMCID: PMC10416528 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02497-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data from clinical trials of lumacaftor-ivacaftor (LUM-IVA) demonstrate improvements in lung clearance index (LCI) but not in FEV1 in children with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) aged 6-11 years and homozygous for the Phe508del mutation. It is not known whether LUM/IVA use in children can impact the progression of structural lung disease. We sought to determine the real-world impact of LUM/IVA on lung structure and function in children aged 6-11 years. METHODS This real-world observational cohort study was conducted across four paediatric sites in Ireland over 24-months using spirometry-controlled CT scores and LCI as primary outcome measures. Children commencing LUM-/IVA as part of routine care were included. CT scans were manually scored with the PRAGMA CF scoring system and analysed using the automated bronchus-artery (BA) method. Secondary outcome measures included rate of change of ppFEV1, nutritional indices and exacerbations requiring hospitalisation. RESULTS Seventy-one participants were recruited to the study, 31 of whom had spirometry-controlled CT performed at baseline, and after one year and two years of LUM/IVA treatment. At two years there was a reduction from baseline in trapped air scores (0.13 to 0.07, p = 0.016), but an increase from baseline in the % bronchiectasis score (0.84 to 1.23, p = 0.007). There was no change in overall % disease score (2.78 to 2.25, p = 0.138). Airway lumen to pulmonary artery ratios (AlumenA ratio) were abnormal at baseline and worsened over the course of the study. In 28 participants, the mean annual change from baseline LCI2.5 (-0.055 (-0.61 to 0.50), p = 0.85) measurements over two years were not significant. Improvements from baseline in weight (0.10 (0.06 to 0.15, p < 0.0001), height (0.05 (0.02 to 0.09), p = 0.002) and BMI (0.09 (0.03 to 0.15) p = 0.005) z-scores were seen with LUM/IVA treatment. The mean annual change from baseline ppFEV1 (-2.45 (-4.44 to 2.54), p = 0.66) measurements over two years were not significant. CONCLUSION In a real-world setting, the use of LUM/IVA over two years in children with CF aged 6-11 resulted in improvements in air trapping on CT but worsening in bronchiectasis scores. Our results suggest that LUM/IVA use in this age group improves air trapping but does not prevent progression of bronchiectasis over two years of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul McNally
- Respiratory Department, Children's Health Ireland, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
- RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Barry Linnane
- University of Limerick School of Medicine, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Michael Williamson
- Respiratory Department, Children's Health Ireland, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Basil Elnazir
- Respiratory Department, Children's Health Ireland, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christopher Short
- NHLI, Imperial College, London, UK
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy's and St Thomas' Trust, London, UK
| | - Clare Saunders
- NHLI, Imperial College, London, UK
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy's and St Thomas' Trust, London, UK
| | - Laura Kirwan
- Cystic Fibrosis Registry of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rea David
- Respiratory Department, Children's Health Ireland, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mariette P C Kemner-Van de Corput
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harm A W M Tiddens
- Respiratory Department, Children's Health Ireland, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jane C Davies
- NHLI, Imperial College, London, UK
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy's and St Thomas' Trust, London, UK
| | - Des W Cox
- Respiratory Department, Children's Health Ireland, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.
- University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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17
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Bui S, Delhaes L, Dournes G, Reix P, Fayon MJ. Editorial: New insights into caring for pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1243496. [PMID: 37635799 PMCID: PMC10450029 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1243496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Bui
- Paediatric Cystic Fibrosis Reference Center (CRCM), Bordeaux University Hospital, Hôpital Pellegrin-Enfants, Bordeaux, France
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurence Delhaes
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, UMR 12 19, U1045, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gael Dournes
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
- Service d’Imagerie Thoracique et Cardiovasculaire, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Reix
- Lyon University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Paediatric Cystic Fibrosis Reference Center (CRCM), UMR 5558, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lyon, France
| | - Michael John Fayon
- Paediatric Cystic Fibrosis Reference Center (CRCM), Bordeaux University Hospital, Hôpital Pellegrin-Enfants, Bordeaux, France
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
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18
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Arooj P, Morrissy DV, McCarthy Y, Vagg T, McCarthy M, Fleming C, Daly M, Eustace JA, Murphy DM, Plant BJ. ROCK STUDY in CF: sustained anti-inflammatory effects of lumacaftor-ivacaftor in sputum and peripheral blood samples of adult patients with cystic fibrosis-an observational study. BMJ Open Respir Res 2023; 10:10/1/e001590. [PMID: 37130650 PMCID: PMC10163494 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2022-001590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies showed that the combination of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) corrector and potentiator, lumacaftor-ivacaftor (LUMA-IVA) provides meaningful clinical benefits in patients with cystic fibrosis who are homozygous for the Phe508del CFTR mutation. However, little is known about the effect of LUMA-IVA on Proinflammatory Cytokines (PICs). OBJECTIVES To investigate the impact of LUMA-IVA CFTR modulation on circulatory and airway cytokines before and after 12 months of LUMA-IVA treatment in a real-world setting. METHODS We assessed both plasma and sputum PICs, as well as standard clinical outcomes including Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) %predicted, Body Mass Index (BMI), sweat chloride and pulmonary exacerbations at baseline and prospectively for one year post commencement of LUMA-IVA in 44 patients with cystic fibrosis aged 16 years and older homozygous for the Phe508del CFTR mutation. RESULTS Significant reduction in plasma cytokines including interleukin (IL)-8 (p<0.05), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α (p<0.001), IL-1ß (p<0.001) levels were observed while plasma IL-6 showed no significant change (p=0.599) post-LUMA-IVA therapy. Significant reduction in sputum IL-6 (p<0.05), IL-8 (p<0.01), IL-1ß (p<0.001) and TNF-α (p<0.001) levels were observed after LUMA-IVA therapy. No significant change was noted in anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels in both plasma and sputum (p=0.305) and (p=0.585) respectively. Clinically significant improvements in FEV1 %predicted (mean+3.38%, p=0.002), BMI (mean+0.8 kg/m2, p<0.001), sweat chloride (mean -19 mmol/L, p<0.001), as well as reduction in intravenous antibiotics usage (mean -0.73, p<0.001) and hospitalisation (mean -0.38, p=0.002) were observed after initiation of LUMA-IVA therapy. CONCLUSION This real-world study demonstrates that LUMA-IVA has significant and sustained beneficial effects on both circulatory and airway inflammation. Our findings suggest that LUMA-IVA may improve inflammatory responses, which could potentially contribute to improved standard clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parniya Arooj
- Cork Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre (3CF), Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
- HRB Clinical Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - David V Morrissy
- Cork Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre (3CF), Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
- HRB Clinical Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Yvonne McCarthy
- Cork Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre (3CF), Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
- HRB Clinical Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Tamara Vagg
- Cork Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre (3CF), Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
- HRB Clinical Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mairead McCarthy
- Cork Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre (3CF), Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Claire Fleming
- Cork Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre (3CF), Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mary Daly
- HRB Clinical Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Joseph A Eustace
- HRB Clinical Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Desmond M Murphy
- HRB Clinical Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - B J Plant
- Cork Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre (3CF), Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
- HRB Clinical Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
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19
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Acaster S, Mukuria C, Rowen D, Brazier JE, Wainwright CE, Quon BS, Duckers J, Quittner AL, Lou Y, Sosnay PR, McGarry LJ. Development of the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised-8 Dimensions: Estimating Utilities From the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2023; 26:567-578. [PMID: 36509366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cystic fibrosis (CF) limits survival and negatively affects health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) may be used to make reimbursement decisions for new CF treatments; nevertheless, generic utility measures used in CEA, such as EQ-5D, are insensitive to meaningful changes in lung function and HRQOL in CF. Here we develop a new, CF disease-specific, preference-based utility measure based on the adolescent/adult version of the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised (CFQ-R), a widely used, CF-specific, patient-reported measure of HRQOL. METHODS Blinded CFQ-R data from 4 clinical trials (NCT02347657, NCT02392234, NCT01807923, and NCT01807949) were used to identify discriminating items for a classification system using psychometric (eg, factor and Rasch) analyses. Thirty-two health states were selected for a time trade-off (TTO) exercise with a representative sample of the UK general population. TTO utilities were used to estimate a preference-based scoring algorithm by regression analysis (tobit models with robust standard errors clustered on participants with censoring at -1). RESULTS A classification system with 8 dimensions (CFQ-R-8 dimensions; physical functioning, vitality, emotion, role functioning, breathing difficulty, cough, abdominal pain, and body image) was generated. TTO was completed by 400 participants (mean age, 47.3 years; 49.8% female). Among the regression models evaluated, the tobit heteroscedastic-ordered model was preferred, with a predicted utility range from 0.236 to 1, no logical inconsistencies, and a mean absolute error of 0.032. CONCLUSION The CFQ-R-8 dimensions is the first disease-specific, preference-based scoring algorithm for CF, enabling estimation of disease-specific utilities for CEA based on the well-validated and widely used CFQ-R.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clara Mukuria
- School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Regent Court, Sheffield, England, UK
| | - Donna Rowen
- School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Regent Court, Sheffield, England, UK
| | - John E Brazier
- School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Regent Court, Sheffield, England, UK
| | - Claire E Wainwright
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Bradley S Quon
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, and Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jamie Duckers
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, NHS Wales, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | | | - Yiyue Lou
- Biostatistics, Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick R Sosnay
- Clincal Development, Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa J McGarry
- Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Boston, MA, USA
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Regard L, Martin C, Da Silva J, Burgel PR. CFTR Modulators: Current Status and Evolving Knowledge. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 44:186-195. [PMID: 36535667 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, the medical management of people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) has changed with the development of small molecules that partially restore the function of the defective CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein and are called CFTR modulators. Ivacaftor (IVA), a CFTR potentiator with a large effect on epithelial ion transport, was the first modulator approved in pwCF carrying gating mutations. Because IVA was unable to restore sufficient CFTR function in pwCF with other mutations, two CFTR correctors (lumacaftor and tezacaftor) were developed and used in combination with IVA in pwCF homozygous for F508del, the most common CFTR variant. However, LUM/IVA and TEZ/IVA were only moderately effective in F508del homozygous pwCF and had no efficacy in those with F508del and minimal function mutations. Elexacaftor, a second-generation corrector, was thus developed and combined to tezacaftor and ivacaftor (ELX/TEZ/IVA) to target pwCF with at least one F508del variant, corresponding to approximately 85% of pwCF. Both IVA and ELX/TEZ/IVA are considered highly effective modulator therapies (HEMTs) in eligible pwCF and are now approved for nearly 90% of the CF population over 6 years of age. HEMTs are responsible for rapid improvement in respiratory manifestations, including improvement in symptoms and lung function, and reduction in the rate of pulmonary exacerbations. The impact of HEMT on extrapulmonary manifestations of CF is less well established, although significant weight gain and improvement in quality of life have been demonstrated. Recent clinical trials and real-world studies suggest that benefits of HEMT could even prove greater when used earlier in life (i.e., in younger children and infants). This article shortly reviews the past 10 years of development and use of CFTR modulators. Effects of HEMT on extrapulmonary manifestations and on CF demographics are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Regard
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and French Cystic Fibrosis National Reference Center, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Institut Cochin and Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, Paris, France.,ERN Lung Cystic Fibrosis Network, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Clémence Martin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and French Cystic Fibrosis National Reference Center, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Institut Cochin and Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, Paris, France.,ERN Lung Cystic Fibrosis Network, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jennifer Da Silva
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and French Cystic Fibrosis National Reference Center, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,ERN Lung Cystic Fibrosis Network, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Pierre-Régis Burgel
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and French Cystic Fibrosis National Reference Center, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Institut Cochin and Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, Paris, France.,ERN Lung Cystic Fibrosis Network, Frankfurt, Germany
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Enaud R, Lussac-Sorton F, Charpentier E, Velo-Suárez L, Guiraud J, Bui S, Fayon M, Schaeverbeke T, Nikolski M, Burgel PR, Héry-Arnaud G, Delhaes L. Effects of Lumacaftor-Ivacaftor on Airway Microbiota-Mycobiota and Inflammation in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis Appear To Be Linked to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Chronic Colonization. Microbiol Spectr 2023:e0225122. [PMID: 36971560 PMCID: PMC10100832 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02251-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of cystic fibrosis has been transformed recently by the advent of CFTR modulators, including lumacaftor-ivacaftor. However, the effects of such therapies on the airway ecosystem, particularly on the microbiota-mycobiota and local inflammation, which are involved in the evolution of pulmonary damage, are unclear.
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22
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Wood M, Babowicz F, Kennedy AG, Antell M, Gilhooly E, Tompkins BJ, Reddy SS. Incidence of transaminitis in adults with cystic fibrosis taking elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2023; 63:920-924. [PMID: 36872183 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2023.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator modulators are a cornerstone of CF treatment. However, many patients develop CF liver disease (CFLD) over time, and previous data indicate a risk for transaminase elevation with modulator use. Elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor is a commonly prescribed modulator with broad efficacy among CF genomic profiles. Theoretically, elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor drug-induced liver injury could exacerbate and further worsen CFLD, but holding modulators can cause a decline in clinical status. OBJECTIVES This study was designed to determine the real-world incidence of transaminase elevations in adult patients with CF taking elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor. METHODS This exploratory, retrospective descriptive study included all adults with CF-prescribed elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor at our institution's outpatient CF clinic. We explored transaminase elevations in 2 separate outcomes: incidence of transaminase elevations of more than 3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN), and transaminase elevations of 25% or more above baseline. RESULTS 83 patients were prescribed elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor. Nine patients (11%) experienced an elevation of more than 3 times ULN and 62 (75%) experienced an elevation of 25% or more above baseline. The median days to transaminase elevation were 108 and 135 days, respectively. Therapy was not discontinued due to transaminase elevations in any of the patients. CONCLUSION Transaminase elevations among adults taking elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor were common but did not result in discontinuation of therapy. Pharmacists should be reassured of the liver safety profile of this important medication for patients with CF.
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23
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Nutritional Status and Circulating Levels of Fat-Soluble Vitamins in Cystic Fibrosis Patients: A Cohort Study and Evaluation of the Effect of CFTR Modulators. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10020252. [PMID: 36832382 PMCID: PMC9955178 DOI: 10.3390/children10020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improved therapy in CF has led to an overall improvement in nutritional status. The objectives of our study are: to cross-sectionally assess nutritional status and serum levels of fat-soluble vitamins; to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy of modulators on nutritional status and fat-soluble vitamin levels. METHODS In patients younger than 2 years of age, we evaluated growth, in patients aged 2-18 years, we assessed BMI z-scores, and in adults, we assessed absolute BMI values. Levels of 25(OH)D, vitamins A, and E were measured. RESULTS A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 318 patients, 109 (34.3%) with pancreatic sufficiency. Only three patients were under 2 years old. In 135 patients aged 2-18 years, the median BMI z-score was 0.11, and 5 (3.7%) patients had malnutrition (z-score ≤ 2SD). In 180 adults, the median BMI was 21.8 kg/m2. Overall, 15 (13.7%) males (M) and 18 (25.3%) females (F) were underweight (18 < BMI > 20); 3 (2.7%) M and 5 (7.0%) F had a BMI < 18. Suboptimal 25(OH)D levels were found in patients with pancreatic insufficiency. The prevalence of deficiency of vitamins A and E is low. After one year of treatment with modulators, the increase in BMI was more consistent (M: 1.58 ± 1.25 kg/m2 F: 1.77 ± 1.21 kg/m2) in elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI)-treated patients compared with other modulators, with a significant increase in levels of all fat-soluble vitamins. CONCLUSIONS Malnutrition is present in a limited number of subjects. The prevalence of subjects with suboptimal 25(OH)D levels is high. ETI showed a beneficial effect on nutritional status and circulating levels of fat-soluble vitamins.
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Elborn JS, Blasi F, Burgel PR, Peckham D. Role of inhaled antibiotics in the era of highly effective CFTR modulators. Eur Respir Rev 2023; 32:32/167/220154. [PMID: 36631132 PMCID: PMC9879329 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0154-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent and chronic bacterial infections are common in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) and contribute to lung function decline. Antibiotics are the mainstay in the treatment of exacerbations and chronic bacterial infection in CF. Inhaled antibiotics are effective in treating chronic respiratory bacterial infections and eradicating Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the respiratory tract, with limited systemic adverse effects. In the past decade, highly effective cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators have become a new therapy that partially corrects/opens chloride transport in patients with selected CFTR mutations, restoring mucus hydration and improving mucociliary clearance. The recent triple CFTR modulator combination is approved for ∼80-90% of the CF population and significantly reduces pulmonary exacerbations and improves respiratory symptoms and lung function. CFTR modulators have shifted the focus from symptomatic treatment to personalised/precision medicine by targeting genotype-specific CFTR defects. While these are highly effective, they do not fully normalise lung physiology, stop inflammation or resolve chronic lung damage, such as bronchiectasis. The impact of these new drugs on lung health is likely to change the future management of chronic pulmonary infections in people with CF. This article reviews the role of inhaled antibiotics in the era of CFTR modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Stuart Elborn
- Faculty of Medicine Health and Life Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK,Corresponding author: J. Stuart Elborn ()
| | - Francesco Blasi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy,Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierre-Régis Burgel
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Paris, France,Respiratory Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis National Reference Center, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Daniel Peckham
- Respiratory Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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25
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Gaschignard M, Beaufils F, Lussac-Sorton F, Gallet P, Clouzeau H, Menard J, Costanzo A, Nouard L, Delhaes L, Tetard C, Lamireau T, Fayon M, Bui S, Enaud R. Nutritional impact of CFTR modulators in children with cystic fibrosis. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1130790. [PMID: 37063653 PMCID: PMC10091219 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1130790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nutritional status is a major prognostic factor for breathing and the survival of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Since 2012, the development of CFTR modulators has considerably transformed the outcome of this disease. Indeed, both lung function and body mass index are improved by CFTR modulators, such as Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor. However, few data exist regarding the outcome of nutritional intakes under Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor. Methods We conducted a prospective single-center study in children with CF treated with Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor to evaluate their nutritional intake before and after treatment. Results Thirty-four children were included in this study, with a median age of 12.4 years [11.9; 14.7]. There was no significant improvement in weight, height or BMI. Patients' total energy intake was not significantly changed with Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor, while carbohydrate intakes decreased significantly. We found that blood levels of vitamin E and Selenium were significantly increased under Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor, without a significant increase in supplementation. In patients with a BMI Z-score < 0 at treatment initiation, there was a significant improvement in weight and BMI Z-score, while TEI and carbohydrate intakes were significantly lower. Conclusion We showed that treatment with Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor improved the nutritional status of patients without necessarily being associated with an increase in nutritional intake. Although these data need to be confirmed in larger cohorts, they support the hypothesis that weight gain under modulators is multifactorial, and may be related to a decrease in energy expenditure or an improvement in absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Gaschignard
- Bordeaux University Hospital, Hôpital Pellegrin-Enfants, Paediatric Cystic Fibrosis Reference Center (CRCM), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC 1401), Bordeaux, France
| | - Fabien Beaufils
- Bordeaux University Hospital, Hôpital Pellegrin-Enfants, Paediatric Cystic Fibrosis Reference Center (CRCM), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC 1401), Bordeaux, France
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Florian Lussac-Sorton
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pauline Gallet
- Bordeaux University Hospital, Hôpital Pellegrin-Enfants, Paediatric Cystic Fibrosis Reference Center (CRCM), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC 1401), Bordeaux, France
| | - Haude Clouzeau
- Bordeaux University Hospital, Hôpital Pellegrin-Enfants, Paediatric Cystic Fibrosis Reference Center (CRCM), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC 1401), Bordeaux, France
| | - Joris Menard
- Bordeaux University Hospital, Hôpital Pellegrin-Enfants, Paediatric Cystic Fibrosis Reference Center (CRCM), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC 1401), Bordeaux, France
| | - Aurélie Costanzo
- Bordeaux University Hospital, Hôpital Pellegrin-Enfants, Paediatric Cystic Fibrosis Reference Center (CRCM), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC 1401), Bordeaux, France
| | - Lucie Nouard
- Bordeaux University Hospital, Hôpital Pellegrin-Enfants, Paediatric Cystic Fibrosis Reference Center (CRCM), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC 1401), Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurence Delhaes
- Bordeaux University Hospital, Hôpital Pellegrin-Enfants, Paediatric Cystic Fibrosis Reference Center (CRCM), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC 1401), Bordeaux, France
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Candice Tetard
- Bordeaux University Hospital, Hôpital Pellegrin-Enfants, Paediatric Cystic Fibrosis Reference Center (CRCM), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC 1401), Bordeaux, France
| | - Thierry Lamireau
- Bordeaux University Hospital, Hôpital Pellegrin-Enfants, Paediatric Cystic Fibrosis Reference Center (CRCM), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC 1401), Bordeaux, France
| | - Michael Fayon
- Bordeaux University Hospital, Hôpital Pellegrin-Enfants, Paediatric Cystic Fibrosis Reference Center (CRCM), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC 1401), Bordeaux, France
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphanie Bui
- Bordeaux University Hospital, Hôpital Pellegrin-Enfants, Paediatric Cystic Fibrosis Reference Center (CRCM), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC 1401), Bordeaux, France
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Raphaël Enaud
- Bordeaux University Hospital, Hôpital Pellegrin-Enfants, Paediatric Cystic Fibrosis Reference Center (CRCM), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC 1401), Bordeaux, France
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
- Correspondence: Raphaël Enaud
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Standards of care for CFTR variant-specific therapy (including modulators) for people with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2023; 22:17-30. [PMID: 36916675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) has entered the era of variant-specific therapy, tailored to the genetic variants in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene. CFTR modulators, the first variant-specific therapy available, have transformed the management of CF. The latest standards of care from the European CF Society (2018) did not include guidance on variant-specific therapy, as CFTR modulators were becoming established as a novel therapy. We have produced interim standards to guide healthcare professionals in the provision of variant-specific therapy for people with CF. Here we provide evidence-based guidance covering the spectrum of care, established using evidence from systematic reviews and expert opinion. Statements were reviewed by key stakeholders using Delphi methodology, with agreement (≥80%) achieved for all statements after one round of consultation. Issues around accessibility are discussed and there is clear consensus that all eligible people with CF should have access to variant-specific therapy.
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Foucaud P, Mercier JC. CFTR pharmacological modulators: A great advance in cystic fibrosis management. Arch Pediatr 2023; 30:1-9. [PMID: 36509624 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2022.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is a severe monogenic disease that affects around 7400 patients in France. More than 2100 mutations in the cystic fibrosis conductance transmembrane regulator (CFTR), the gene encoding for an epithelial ion channel that normally transports chloride and bicarbonate, lead to mucus dehydration and impaired bronchial clearance. Systematic neonatal screening in France since 2002 has enabled early diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. Although highly demanding, supportive treatments including daily chest physiotherapy, inhaled aerosol therapy, frequent antibiotic courses, nutritional and pancreatic extracts have improved the prognosis. Median age at death is now beyond 30 years. Ivacaftor was the first CFTR modulator found to both reduce sweat chloride concentration and improve pulmonary function in the rare CFTR gating mutations. Combinations of modulators such as lumacaftor + ivacaftor or tezacaftor + ivacaftor were found to improve pulmonary function both in patients homozygous for the F508del mutation characterized by the lack of CFTR protein and those heterozygous for F508del with minimal CFTR activity. The triple combination of ivacaftor + tezacaftor + elexacaftor was recently shown to significantly improve pulmonary function and quality of life, to normalize sweat chloride concentration, and to reduce the need for antibiotic therapy in patients with at least one F508del mutation (83% in France). These impressive data, however, need to be confirmed in the long term. Nevertheless, it is encouraging to hear treated patients testify about their markedly improved quality of life and to observe that the number of lung transplants for cystic fibrosis decreased dramatically in France after 2020, despite the COVID pandemic, with no increase in deaths without lung transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Foucaud
- Vice-Président de l'Association Vaincre la Mucoviscidose, 181 Rue de Tolbiac, Paris 75013, France.
| | - J C Mercier
- Membre de la Commission de Transparence, Haute Autorité de Santé, 5 avenue du Stade de France, Saint Denis 93210, France
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Kos R, Neerincx AH, Fenn DW, Brinkman P, Lub R, Vonk SEM, Roukema J, Reijers MH, Terheggen‐Lagro SWJ, Altenburg J, Majoor CJ, Bos LD, Haarman EG, Maitland‐van der Zee AH. Real-life efficacy and safety of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor on severe cystic fibrosis lung disease patients. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2022; 10:e01015. [PMID: 36440690 PMCID: PMC9703582 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) is a cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator modulator, which has shown efficacy in CF patients (≥6 years) with ≥1 Phe508del mutation and a minimal function mutation. In October 2019, ETI became available on compassionate use basis for Dutch CF patients with severe lung disease. Our objective was to investigate safety and efficacy of ETI in this patient group in a real-life setting. A multicenter longitudinal observational study was conducted to examine changes in FEV1 , BMI, and adverse events at initiation and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after starting ETI. The number of exacerbations was recorded in the 12 months before and the 12 months after ETI treatment. Patients eligible for compassionate use had a FEV1 <40% predicted. Wilcoxon signed-rank test analyzed changes over time. Twenty subjects were included and followed up for up to 12 months after starting ETI. Treatment was well tolerated with mild side effects reported, namely, rash (15%) and stomach ache (20%) with 80% resolving within 1 month. Mean absolute increase of FEV1 was 11.8/13.7% (p ≤ .001) and BMI was 0.49/1.87 kg/m2 (p < .001-0.02) after 1/12 months, respectively. In comparison to the number of exacerbations pretrial, there was a marked reduction in exacerbations after initiation. Our findings show long-term effects of treatment with ETI in patients with severe CF lung disease in a real-life setting. Treatment with ETI is associated with increased lung function and BMI, less exacerbations, and only mild side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Kos
- Department of Respiratory MedicineAmsterdam University Medical Centres – loc. AMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Anne H. Neerincx
- Department of Respiratory MedicineAmsterdam University Medical Centres – loc. AMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Dominic W. Fenn
- Department of Respiratory MedicineAmsterdam University Medical Centres – loc. AMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and AnaesthesiologyAmsterdam University Medical Centres – loc. AMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Paul Brinkman
- Department of Respiratory MedicineAmsterdam University Medical Centres – loc. AMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Rianne Lub
- Department of Respiratory MedicineAmsterdam University Medical Centres – loc. AMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Steffie E. M. Vonk
- Department of Hospital PharmacyAmsterdam University Medical Centres – loc. AMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jolt Roukema
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, Amalia Children's HospitalRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Monique H. Reijers
- Department of PulmonologyRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Suzanne W. J. Terheggen‐Lagro
- Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Emma Children's HospitalAmsterdam University Medical CentresAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Josje Altenburg
- Department of Respiratory MedicineAmsterdam University Medical Centres – loc. AMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Christof J. Majoor
- Department of Respiratory MedicineAmsterdam University Medical Centres – loc. AMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe D. Bos
- Department of Respiratory MedicineAmsterdam University Medical Centres – loc. AMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Intensive CareAmsterdam University Medical Centres – loc. AMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Eric G. Haarman
- Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Emma Children's HospitalAmsterdam University Medical CentresAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Anke H. Maitland‐van der Zee
- Department of Respiratory MedicineAmsterdam University Medical Centres – loc. AMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Emma Children's HospitalAmsterdam University Medical CentresAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Cornet M, Robin G, Ciciriello F, Bihouee T, Marguet C, Roy V, Lebourgeois M, Chedevergne F, Bonnel AS, Kelly M, Reix P, Lucidi V, Stoven V, Sermet-Gaudelus I. Profiling the response to lumacaftor-ivacaftor in children with cystic between fibrosis and new insight from a French-Italian real-life cohort. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57:2992-2999. [PMID: 35996214 PMCID: PMC9826158 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinical trials for CFTR modulators consider mean changes of clinical status at the cohort level, and thus fail to assess the heterogeneity of the response. We aimed to study the different response profiles to lumacaftor-ivacaftor according to age in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). METHODS A mathematical framework, including principal component analysis, data clustering, and data completion, was applied to a multicenter cohort of 112 children aged 6-18 years, treated with lumacaftor-ivacaftor. Studied parameters at baseline and 6 months included body mass index (BMI), number of days of antibiotics (ATB), Sweat test (ST), forced expiratory volume in 1 s expressed in percentage predicted (ppFEV1 ), forced vital capacity (ppFVC), and forced expiratory flow at 25%-75% of FVC (ppFEF25-75 ). RESULTS Change in ppFEV1 was the most significant parameter in characterizing response heterogeneity among the 12-18-year-old patients. Patients with minimal changes in ppFEV1 were further separated by change in BMI and ATB course. In the 6-12-year-old children both BMI and ppFEV1 evolution were the most relevant. ST change was not associated with a clinical response. CONCLUSIONS Change in ppFEV1 , BMI, and ATB course are the most relevant outcomes to discriminate clinical response profiles in children treated with lumacaftor-ivacaftor. Prepubertal and pubertal children display different response profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geneviève Robin
- Laboratoire de Mathematiques et Modelisation d'Evry, Evry, France
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Mésinèle J, Ruffin M, Guillot L, Corvol H. Modifier Factors of Cystic Fibrosis Phenotypes: A Focus on Modifier Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214205. [PMID: 36430680 PMCID: PMC9698440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cystic fibrosis (CF) is recognized as a monogenic disease, due to variants within the CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator) gene, an extreme clinical heterogeneity is described among people with CF (pwCF). Apart from the exocrine pancreatic status, most studies agree that there is little association between CFTR variants and disease phenotypes. Environmental factors have been shown to contribute to this heterogeneity, accounting for almost 50% of the variability of the lung function of pwCF. Nevertheless, pwCF with similar CFTR variants and sharing the same environment (such as in siblings) may have highly variable clinical manifestations not explained by CFTR variants, and only partly explained by environmental factors. It is recognized that genetic variants located outside the CFTR locus, named "modifier genes", influence the clinical expression of the disease. This short review discusses the latest studies that have described modifier factors associated with the various CF phenotypes as well as the response to the recent CFTR modulator therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Mésinèle
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75012 Paris, France
- Inovarion, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Manon Ruffin
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75012 Paris, France
| | - Loïc Guillot
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75012 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (H.C.)
| | - Harriet Corvol
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75012 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Trousseau, Service de Pneumologie Pédiatrique, 75012 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (H.C.)
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Ash JJ, Hilkin BM, Gansemer ND, Hoffman EA, Zabner J, Stoltz DA, Abou Alaiwa MH. Tromethamine improves mucociliary clearance in cystic fibrosis pigs. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15340. [PMID: 36073059 PMCID: PMC9453173 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In cystic fibrosis (CF), the loss of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mediated Cl- and HCO3 - secretion across the epithelium acidifies the airway surface liquid (ASL). Acidic ASL alters two key host defense mechanisms: Rapid ASL bacterial killing and mucociliary transport (MCT). Aerosolized tromethamine (Tham) increases ASL pH and restores the ability of ASL to rapidly kill bacteria in CF pigs. In CF pigs, clearance of insufflated microdisks is interrupted due to abnormal mucus causing microdisks to abruptly recoil. Aerosolizing a reducing agent to break disulfide bonds that link mucins improves MCT. Here, we are interested in restoring MCT in CF by aerosolizing Tham, a buffer with a pH of 8.4. Because Tham is hypertonic to serum, we use an acidified formulation as a control. We measure MCT by tracking the caudal movement of individual tantalum microdisks with serial chest computed tomography scans. Alkaline Tham improves microdisk clearance to within the range of that seen in non-CF pigs. It also partially reverses MCT defects, including reduced microdisk recoil and elapse time until they start moving after methacholine stimulation in CF pig airways. The effect is not due to hypertonicity, as it is not seen with acidified Tham or hypertonic saline. This finding indicates acidic ASL impairs CF MCT and suggests that alkalinization of ASL pH with inhaled Tham may improve CF airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamison J. Ash
- Department of Internal MedicinePappajohn Biomedical InstituteRoy J and Lucille A Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Brieanna M. Hilkin
- Department of Internal MedicinePappajohn Biomedical InstituteRoy J and Lucille A Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Nicholas D. Gansemer
- Department of Internal MedicinePappajohn Biomedical InstituteRoy J and Lucille A Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Eric A. Hoffman
- Department of RadiologyRoy J and Lucille A Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
- Roy J Carver, Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Joseph Zabner
- Department of Internal MedicinePappajohn Biomedical InstituteRoy J and Lucille A Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - David A. Stoltz
- Department of Internal MedicinePappajohn Biomedical InstituteRoy J and Lucille A Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
- Roy J Carver, Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsRoy J and Lucille A Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Mahmoud H. Abou Alaiwa
- Department of Internal MedicinePappajohn Biomedical InstituteRoy J and Lucille A Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
- Roy J Carver, Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
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Current state of CFTR modulators for treatment of Cystic Fibrosis. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 65:102239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Shen Y, Tang X, Chen Q, Xu H, Liu H, Liu J, Yang H, Li H, Zhao S. Genetic spectrum of Chinese children with cystic fibrosis: comprehensive data analysis from the main referral centre in China. J Med Genet 2022; 60:jmedgenet-2022-108501. [PMID: 35858753 PMCID: PMC9985745 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2022-108501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a heterogeneous disease with a diverse genetic spectrum among populations. Few patients with CF of Chinese origin have been reported worldwide. The objective of this study is to characterise the genotypic features of CF in Chinese children. METHODS We recruited and characterised the genetic manifestations of 103 Chinese children with CF in Beijing Children's Hospital from 2010 to 2022. Whole-exome sequencing were performed to define the genotypes. Meanwhile, other 99 genetically confirmed patients with Chinese origin described in 45 references were also summarised. RESULTS 158 different variants including 23 novel observations were identified after sequencing. The majority of CFTR variants (82.3%) in Chinese have been observed only once or twice. 43.7% of the variants were only identified in patients of Chinese origin. The c.2909G>A(p.Gly970Asp), c.1766+5G>T and c.1657C>T(p.Arg553X) were the most frequent variants among Chinese patients, with allele frequency of 12.1%, 5.4% and 3.6%, respectively. The first two variants both showed significant Chinese ethnic tendency, while the latter one most likely came from Europeans for historical reasons. They also demonstrated significant differences in geographical distribution. c.1521_1523delCTT(p.F508del) was rarely observed in patients of pure Chinese origin, with an allele frequency of 1.8%. Two de novo variants (c.960dupA[p.Ser321IlefsX43] and c.2491-2A>G) and two deep-intronic variants (c.3718-2477C>T and c.3874-4522A>G) were identified, which were also quite rare among Chinese. CONCLUSIONS The genetic spectrum of CF in Chinese is unique and quite different from that observed in Caucasians. The geographical distributions of the most frequent variants were reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelin Shen
- Department II of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Tang
- Department II of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qionghua Chen
- Quanzhou Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department II of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department II of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinrong Liu
- Department II of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiming Yang
- Department II of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Li
- Department II of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunying Zhao
- Department II of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Regard L, Martin C, Burgel PR. Cystic Fibrosis in 2021: "The Times They Are A-Changin". Arch Bronconeumol 2022; 58:536-538. [PMID: 35312571 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Regard
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and French Cystic Fibrosis National Reference Center, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Institut Cochin and Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, Paris, France
| | - Clémence Martin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and French Cystic Fibrosis National Reference Center, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Institut Cochin and Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Régis Burgel
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and French Cystic Fibrosis National Reference Center, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Institut Cochin and Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, Paris, France.
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Abstract
Over the past decade there have been significant developments in the field of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator modulator drugs. Following treatment in patients with cystic fibrosis with common gating mutations using the potentiator drug ivacaftor, successive development of corrector drugs used in combination has led to highly effective modulator therapy being available to more than 85% of the cystic fibrosis population over 12 years of age in the form of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor. In this article, we review the evidence from clinical trials and mounting real-world observational and registry data that demonstrates the impact highly effective modulators have on both pulmonary and extra-pulmonary manifestations of cystic fibrosis. As clinical trials progress to younger patient groups, we discuss the challenges to demonstrating drug efficacy in early life, and also consider practicalities of drug development in an ever-shrinking modulator-naïve population. Drug-drug interactions are an important consideration in people with cystic fibrosis, where polypharmacy is commonplace, but also as the modulated population look to remain healthier for longer, we identify trials that aim to address treatment burden too. Inequity of care, through drug cost or ineligibility for modulators by genotype, is widening without apparent strategies to address this; however, we present evidence of hopeful early-stage drug development for non-modulatable genes and summarise the current state of gene-therapy development.
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Balfour-Lynn IM, King JA. CFTR modulator therapies - Effect on life expectancy in people with cystic fibrosis. Paediatr Respir Rev 2022; 42:3-8. [PMID: 32565113 PMCID: PMC7255286 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CFTR modulators have dramatically changed the clinical course of CF in those fortunate enough to receive them. Inevitably, randomised controlled trials during the development of these drugs are too short to use mortality as an outcome. Evidence for their effect on life expectancy are best gained from real world registry studies specifically looking at mortality, but these are only available for ivacaftor to date. Therefore, indirect evidence must be obtained by looking at outcomes known to affect mortality and seeing the effect of these drugs on those outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Balfour-Lynn
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.
| | - J A King
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
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Wang C, Anglès F, Balch WE. Triangulating variation in the population to define mechanisms for precision management of genetic disease. Structure 2022; 30:1190-1207.e5. [PMID: 35714602 PMCID: PMC9357173 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
To understand mechanistically how the protein fold is shaped by therapeutics to inform precision management of disease, we developed variation-capture (VarC) mapping. VarC triangulates sparse sequence variation information found in the population using Gaussian process regression (GPR)-based machine learning to define the combined pairwise-residue interactions contributing to dynamic protein function in the individual in response to therapeutics. Using VarC mapping, we now reveal the pairwise-residue covariant relationships across the entire protein fold of cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) to define the molecular mechanisms of clinically approved CF chemical modulators. We discover an energetically destabilized covariant core containing a di-acidic YKDAD endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit code that is only weakly corrected by current therapeutics. Our results illustrate that VarC provides a generalizable tool to triangulate information from genetic variation in the population to mechanistically discover therapeutic strategies that guide precision management of the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Frédéric Anglès
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - William E Balch
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Regard L, Martin C, Burnet E, Da Silva J, Burgel PR. CFTR Modulators in People with Cystic Fibrosis: Real-World Evidence in France. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111769. [PMID: 35681464 PMCID: PMC9179538 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a rare genetic multisystemic disease, the manifestations of which are due to mutations in the gene encoding the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein and can lead to respiratory insufficiency and premature death. CFTR modulators, which were developed in the past decade, partially restore CFTR protein function. Their clinical efficacy has been demonstrated in phase 3 clinical trials, particularly in terms of lung function and pulmonary exacerbations, nutritional status, and quality of life in people with gating mutations (ivacaftor), homozygous for the F508del mutation (lumacaftor/ivacaftor and tezacaftor/ivacaftor), and in those with at least one F508del mutation (elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor). However, many questions remain regarding their long-term safety and effectiveness, particularly in patients with advanced lung disease, liver disease, renal insufficiency, or problematic bacterial colonization. The impact of CFTR modulators on other important outcomes such as concurrent treatments, lung transplantation, chest imaging, or pregnancies also warrants further investigation. The French CF Reference Network includes 47 CF centers that contribute patient data to the comprehensive French CF Registry and have conducted nationwide real-world studies on CFTR modulators. This review seeks to summarize the results of these real-world studies and examine their findings against those of randomized control trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Regard
- French Cystic Fibrosis National Reference Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (L.R.); (C.M.); (E.B.); (J.D.S.)
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, 75014 Paris, France
- ERN Lung Cystic Fibrosis Network, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Clémence Martin
- French Cystic Fibrosis National Reference Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (L.R.); (C.M.); (E.B.); (J.D.S.)
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, 75014 Paris, France
- ERN Lung Cystic Fibrosis Network, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Espérie Burnet
- French Cystic Fibrosis National Reference Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (L.R.); (C.M.); (E.B.); (J.D.S.)
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, 75014 Paris, France
- ERN Lung Cystic Fibrosis Network, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jennifer Da Silva
- French Cystic Fibrosis National Reference Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (L.R.); (C.M.); (E.B.); (J.D.S.)
- ERN Lung Cystic Fibrosis Network, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Pierre-Régis Burgel
- French Cystic Fibrosis National Reference Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (L.R.); (C.M.); (E.B.); (J.D.S.)
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, 75014 Paris, France
- ERN Lung Cystic Fibrosis Network, Frankfurt, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-58-41-23-67; Fax: +33-1-46-33-82-53
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Raraigh KS, Lewis MH, Collaco JM, Corey M, Penland CM, Stephenson AL, Rommens JM, Castellani C, Cutting GR. Caution advised in the use of CFTR modulator treatment for individuals harboring specific CFTR variants. J Cyst Fibros 2022; 21:856-860. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2022.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Saluzzo F, Riberi L, Messore B, Loré NI, Esposito I, Bignamini E, De Rose V. CFTR Modulator Therapies: Potential Impact on Airway Infections in Cystic Fibrosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071243. [PMID: 35406809 PMCID: PMC8998122 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding for the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein, expressed on the apical surface of epithelial cells. CFTR absence/dysfunction results in ion imbalance and airway surface dehydration that severely compromise the CF airway microenvironment, increasing infection susceptibility. Recently, novel therapies aimed at correcting the basic CFTR defect have become available, leading to substantial clinical improvement of CF patients. The restoration or increase of CFTR function affects the airway microenvironment, improving local defence mechanisms. CFTR modulator drugs might therefore affect the development of chronic airway infections and/or improve the status of existing infections in CF. Thus far, however, the full extent of these effects of CFTR-modulators, especially in the long-term remains still unknown. This review aims to provide an overview of current evidence on the potential impact of CFTR modulators on airway infections in CF. Their role in affecting CF microbiology, the susceptibility to infections as well as the potential efficacy of their use in preventing/decreasing the development of chronic lung infections and the recurrent acute exacerbations in CF will be critically analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Saluzzo
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Luca Riberi
- Postgraduate School in Respiratory Medicine, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy;
| | - Barbara Messore
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria San Luigi Gonzaga, 10043 Orbassano, Italy;
| | - Nicola Ivan Loré
- WHO Collaborating Centre and TB Supranational Reference Laboratory, Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Irene Esposito
- Paediatric Pulmonology Unit, Regina Margherita Hospital AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10126 Torino, Italy; (I.E.); (E.B.)
| | - Elisabetta Bignamini
- Paediatric Pulmonology Unit, Regina Margherita Hospital AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10126 Torino, Italy; (I.E.); (E.B.)
| | - Virginia De Rose
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Factors Predisposing the Response to Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor in People with Cystic Fibrosis. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020252. [PMID: 35207740 PMCID: PMC8876860 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lumacaftor/ivacaftor (LUMA-IVA) therapy is prescribed to people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) homozygous for the Phe508del-CFTR variant to restore CFTR protein function. There is, however, large inter-individual variability in treatment response. Here, we seek to identify clinical and/or genetic factors that may modulate the response to this CFTR modulator therapy. A total of 765 pwCF older than 12 years under LUMA-IVA therapy and with lung function and nutritional measurements available before and after treatment initiation were included. Response to treatment was determined by the change in lung function and nutritional status, from baseline and over the first two years after initiation, and it was assessed by weighted generalized estimating equation models. Gains in lung function and nutritional status were observed after 6 months of treatment (on average 2.11 ± 7.81% for percent predicted FEV1 and 0.44 ± 0.77 kg/m2 for BMI) and sustained over the 2 years. We observed that the more severe patients gained the most in lung function and nutritional status. While females started with a nutritional status more impaired than males, they had a larger response and regained BMI Z-score values similar to men after 2 years of treatment. We observed no association between variants in solute carrier (SLC) genes and the respiratory function response to LUMA-IVA, but the SLC6A14 rs12839137 variant was associated with the nutritional response. Further investigations, including other genomic regions, will be needed to fully explore the inter-individual variability of the response to LUMA-IVA.
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42
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Shape JM, Sala MA. Nutrition management in adults with cystic fibrosis. Nutr Clin Pract 2022; 37:256-264. [PMID: 35118712 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a lethal, monogenic, autosomal recessive disease with manifestations in multiple organ systems, including the lungs and gastrointestinal tract, that impact adequate nutrition. This review discusses important aspects of nutrition in adults with CF with a focus on exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, CF-related diabetes, and gastrointestinal motility, as well as how advanced lung disease, CF transmembrane conductance regulator modulators, and aging impact nutrition in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Shape
- Clinical Nutrition Services, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Marc A Sala
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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43
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Haq I, Almulhem M, Soars S, Poulton D, Brodlie M. Precision Medicine Based on CFTR Genotype for People with Cystic Fibrosis. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2022; 15:91-104. [PMID: 35153502 PMCID: PMC8828078 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s245603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive genetic condition that is caused by variants in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene. This causes multisystem disease due to dysfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) ion channel at the apical surface of epithelia. Until recently, treatment was directed at managing the downstream effects in affected organs, principally improving airway clearance and treating infection in the lungs and improving malabsorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Care delivered by multidisciplinary teams has yielded incremental improvements in outcomes. However, the development of small-molecule CFTR modulator drugs over the last decade has heralded a new era of CF therapeutics. Modulators target the underlying defect and improve CFTR function. Either monotherapy or a combination of modulators is used depending on the specific genotype and class of CFTR disease-causing variants that an individual has. Both ivacaftor and the ivacaftor/tezacaftor/elexacaftor combination have been demonstrated to be associated with clinically very significant benefits in randomised trials and have rapidly been made available as part of standard care in many countries. CFTR modulators represent one of the best examples of precision medicine to date. They are expensive, however, and equity of access to them worldwide remains an issue. Studies and approvals are also ongoing for children under the age of 6 years for ivacaftor/tezacaftor/elexacaftor. Furthermore, no modulators are available for around 10% of the people with CF. In this review, we firstly summarise the genetics, pathophysiology and clinical problems associated with CF. We then discuss the development of CFTR modulators and key clinical trials to support their use along with other potential future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Haq
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Great North Children’s Hospital, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Maryam Almulhem
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Simone Soars
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - David Poulton
- Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Great North Children’s Hospital, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Paediatrics, Ninewells Hospital, NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK
| | - Malcolm Brodlie
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Great North Children’s Hospital, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Correspondence: Malcolm Brodlie, Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Level 3, Clinical Resource Building, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK, Tel +44 191 2336161, Email
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Cystic fibrosis-related liver disease: Clinical presentations, diagnostic and monitoring approaches in the era of CFTR modulator therapies. J Hepatol 2022; 76:420-434. [PMID: 34678405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal recessive disease in the Caucasian population. Cystic fibrosis-related liver disease (CFLD) is defined as the pathogenesis related to the underlying CFTR defect in biliary epithelial cells. CFLD needs to be distinguished from other liver manifestations that may not have any pathological significance. The clinical/histological presentation and severity of CFLD vary. The main histological presentation of CFLD is focal biliary fibrosis, which is usually asymptomatic. Portal hypertension develops in a minority of cases (about 10%) and may require specific management including liver transplantation for end-stage liver disease. Portal hypertension is usually the result of the progression of focal biliary fibrosis to multilobular cirrhosis during childhood. Nevertheless, non-cirrhotic portal hypertension as a result of porto-sinusoidal vascular disease is now identified increasingly more frequently, mainly in young adults. To evaluate the effect of new CFTR modulator therapies on the liver, the spectrum of hepatobiliary involvement must first be precisely classified. This paper discusses the phenotypic features of CFLD, its underlying physiopathology and relevant diagnostic and follow-up approaches, with a special focus on imaging.
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45
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Zhang B, Zhang S. Radiomics derived morphological features predict pulmonary function response under lumacaftor-ivacaftor in patients with cystic fibrosis. Eur Respir J 2022; 60:13993003.03077-2021. [PMID: 35086826 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.03077-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuixing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
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46
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Chassagnon G, Campredon A, Vakalopoulou M, Burgel PR. Diversity of approaches in artificial intelligence: an opportunity for discoveries in thoracic imaging. Eur Respir J 2022; 60:13993003.00022-2022. [PMID: 35086838 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00022-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Chassagnon
- Radiology department, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP.Centre Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alienor Campredon
- Radiology department, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP.Centre Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Maria Vakalopoulou
- OPIS - OPtimisation Imagerie et Santé; Inria Saclay, Palaiseau, France.,MICS - Mathématiques et Informatique pour la Complexité et les Systèmes; CentraleSupelec, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pierre-Régis Burgel
- Université de Paris, Paris, France .,Respiratory Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis National Reference Center; Cochin Hospital; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.,ERN-Lung CF network
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47
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Martin C, Legeai C, Regard L, Cantrelle C, Dorent R, Carlier N, Kerbaul F, Burgel PR. Major Decrease in Lung Transplantation for Patients with Cystic Fibrosis in France. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 205:584-586. [PMID: 34910604 PMCID: PMC8906480 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202109-2121le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Martin
- Groupe Hospitalier Cochin-Hotel Dieu, AP-HP, Pulmonary Department and Adult CF Centre, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Camille Legeai
- Agence de la biomédecine, 55093, La Plaine Saint-Denis, France
| | - Lucile Regard
- Hôpital Cochin, APHP, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Richard Dorent
- Agence de la biomedecine, 55093, La Plaine Saint-Denis, France
| | | | | | - Pierre-Régis Burgel
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP and Université Paris Descartes (EA2511), Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France;
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48
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Goetz DM, Savant AP. Review of CFTR modulators 2020. Pediatr Pulmonol 2021; 56:3595-3606. [PMID: 34407318 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators are small molecules that directly impact the CFTR protein, improving the function of the CFTR chloride and bicarbonate channel. Beginning in 2012 with the Food and Drug Administration approval of the first CFTR modulator, ivacaftor, this class of medications has had largely positive effects on many outcomes in people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF), including lung function, growth, and other clinical parameters. There have been continued exciting developments in the current research on CFTR modulators, expanding beyond original studies. This first part of a three-part cystic fibrosis (CF) year in review 2020 will focus on research on CFTR modulators. In addition to reviewing new clinical insights, we describe work done on novel outcomes, adverse effects, issues related to cost, and next steps for clinical trials. The review focuses on articles from Pediatric Pulmonology published in 2020, but it includes articles from other journals that are of particular interest to clinicians. New developments in CF research continue to be brought forth to the CF community, deepening the understanding of this disease and improving clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Goetz
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adrienne P Savant
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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49
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Benden C, Schwarz C. CFTR Modulator Therapy and Its Impact on Lung Transplantation in Cystic Fibrosis. Pulm Ther 2021; 7:377-393. [PMID: 34406641 PMCID: PMC8589902 DOI: 10.1007/s41030-021-00170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal recessive disorder in Caucasian people and is caused by mutations in the gene encoding for the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. It is a multisystem disorder; however, CF lung disease causes most of its morbidity and mortality. Although survival for CF has improved over time due to a multifaceted symptomatic management approach, CF remains a life-limiting disease. For individuals with progressive advanced CF lung disease (ACFLD), lung transplantation is considered the ultimate treatment option if compatible with goals of care. Since 2012, newer drugs, called CFTR modulators, have gradually become available, revolutionizing CF care, as these small-molecule drugs target the underlying defect in CF that causes decreased CFTR protein synthesis, function, or stability. Because of their extremely high efficacy and overall respectable tolerability, CFTR modulator drugs have already proven to have a substantial positive impact on the lives of individuals with CF. Individuals with ACFLD have generally been excluded from initial clinical trials. Now, however, these drugs are being used in clinical practice in selected individuals with ACFLD, showing promising results, although randomized controlled trial data for CFTR modulators in this subgroup of patients are lacking. Such data need to be gathered, ideally in randomized controlled trials including patients with ACFLD. Furthermore, the efficacy and tolerability of the newer modulator therapies in individuals with ACFLD need to be monitored, and their impact on lung disease progression and the need for lung transplantation as the ultimate therapy call for an objective evaluation in larger patient cohorts. As of today, guidelines for referral and listing of lung transplant candidates with CF have not incorporated the status of the new CFTR modulator therapies in the referral and listing process. The purpose of this review article, therefore, is threefold: first, to describe the effects of new therapies, with a focus on the subgroup of individuals with ACFLD; second, to provide an update on the recent outcomes after lung transplantation for individuals with CF; and third, to discuss the referral, evaluation, and timing for lung transplantation as the ultimate therapeutic option in view of the new treatments available in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Benden
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Raemistrasse 71, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Carsten Schwarz
- Division of Cystic Fibrosis, CF Center Westbrandenburg, Campus Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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50
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Ghanem R, Roquefort P, Ramel S, Laurent V, Haute T, Le Gall T, Aubry T, Montier T. Apparent Yield Stress of Sputum as a Relevant Biomarker in Cystic Fibrosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113107. [PMID: 34831330 PMCID: PMC8619720 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucus obstructing the airways of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients is a yield stress fluid. Linear and non-linear rheological analyses of CF sputa can provide relevant biophysical markers, which could be used for the management of this disease. Sputa were collected from CF patients either without any induction or following an aerosol treatment with the recombinant human DNAse (rhDNAse, Pulmozyme®). Several sample preparations were considered and multiple measurements were performed in order to assess both the repeatability and the robustness of the rheological measurements. The linear and non-linear rheological properties of all CF sputa were characterized. While no correlation between oscillatory shear linear viscoelastic properties and clinical data was observed, the steady shear flow data showed that the apparent yield stress of sputum from CF patients previously treated with rhDNAse was approximately one decade lower than that of non-treated CF patients. Similar results were obtained with sputa from non-induced CF patients subjected ex vivo to a Pulmozyme® aerosol treatment. The results demonstrate that the apparent yield stress of patient sputa is a relevant predictive/prognostic biomarker in CF patients and could help in the development of new mucolytic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosy Ghanem
- Univ. Brest, INSERM, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200 Brest, France; (V.L.); (T.H.); (T.L.G.)
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (T.A.); (T.M.)
| | - Philippe Roquefort
- Univ. Brest, IRDL UMR CNRS 6027, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 6, Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu CS 93837, CEDEX 3, 29238 Brest, France;
| | - Sophie Ramel
- Centre de Ressources et de Compétences de la Mucoviscidose, Fondation Ildys, Presqu’île de Perharidy, 29680 Roscoff, France;
| | - Véronique Laurent
- Univ. Brest, INSERM, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200 Brest, France; (V.L.); (T.H.); (T.L.G.)
| | - Tanguy Haute
- Univ. Brest, INSERM, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200 Brest, France; (V.L.); (T.H.); (T.L.G.)
| | - Tony Le Gall
- Univ. Brest, INSERM, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200 Brest, France; (V.L.); (T.H.); (T.L.G.)
| | - Thierry Aubry
- Univ. Brest, IRDL UMR CNRS 6027, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 6, Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu CS 93837, CEDEX 3, 29238 Brest, France;
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (T.A.); (T.M.)
| | - Tristan Montier
- Univ. Brest, INSERM, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200 Brest, France; (V.L.); (T.H.); (T.L.G.)
- CHRU de Brest, Service de Génétique Médicale et Biologie de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares “Maladies Neuromusculaires”, F-29200 Brest, France
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (T.A.); (T.M.)
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