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Koenitzer JR, Gupta DK, Twan WK, Xu H, Hadas N, Hawkins FJ, Beermann ML, Penny GM, Wamsley NT, Berical A, Major MB, Dutcher SK, Brody SL, Horani A. Transcriptional analysis of primary ciliary dyskinesia airway cells reveals a dedicated cilia glutathione pathway. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e180198. [PMID: 39042459 PMCID: PMC11385084 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.180198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetic condition that results in dysmotile cilia. The repercussions of cilia dysmotility and gene variants on the multiciliated cell remain poorly understood. We used single-cell RNA-Seq, proteomics, and advanced microscopy to compare primary culture epithelial cells from patients with PCD, their heterozygous mothers, and healthy individuals, and we induced pluripotent stem cells (iPScs) generated from a patient with PCD. Transcriptomic analysis revealed unique signatures in PCD airway cells compared with their mothers' cells and the cells of healthy individuals. Gene expression in heterozygous mothers' cells diverged from both control and PCD cells, marked by increased inflammatory and cellular stress signatures. Primary and iPS-derived PCD multiciliated cells had increased expression of glutathione-S-transferases GSTA2 and GSTA1, as well as NRF2 target genes, accompanied by elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Immunogold labeling in human cilia and proteomic analysis of the ciliated organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii demonstrated that GSTA2 localizes to motile cilia. Loss of human GSTA2 and C. reinhardtii GSTA resulted in slowed cilia motility, pointing to local cilia regulatory roles. Our findings identify cellular responses unique to PCD variants and independent of environmental stress and uncover a dedicated ciliary GSTA2 pathway essential for normal motility that may be a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepesh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Wang Kyaw Twan
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Huihui Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nicholas Hadas
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Finn J Hawkins
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and
- The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Nathan T Wamsley
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrew Berical
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and
- The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael B Major
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Susan K Dutcher
- Department of Genetics and
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Amjad Horani
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Asseri AA, Shati AA, Asiri IA, Aldosari RH, Al-Amri HA, Alshahrani M, Al-Asmari BG, Alalkami H. Clinical and Genetic Characterization of Patients with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia in Southwest Saudi Arabia: A Cross Sectional Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1684. [PMID: 37892347 PMCID: PMC10605387 DOI: 10.3390/children10101684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD, MIM 244400) is an inherited ciliopathy disorder characterized by recurrent sinopulmonary infections, subfertility, and laterality defects. The true incidence of PCD in Saudi Arabia is not known, but it is likely underdiagnosed due to the high prevalence of consanguineous marriages. In this study, we aim to study the clinical and genetic characteristics of PCD patients in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia to provide guidance to clinicians and researchers studying PCD. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted between 2019 and 2023 in Abha Maternity and Children's Hospital. Twenty-eight patients with clinically diagnosed PCD were recruited. The diagnosis of PCD was confirmed via whole-exome sequencing. RESULTS A total of 28 patients from 20 families were identified and recruited for this study. The median age of patients was 7.5 years (IQR = 3, 13 years). The people of different sexes were evenly distributed, and 18 patients (64%) had neonatal respiratory distress (NRD). The median age of diagnosis was 5.5 years (IQR = 2, 11 years), while the age when the first symptoms appeared was 3 months old (IQR = 1, 6 months). The prevalence of a chronic wet cough, chronic rhinosinusitis, ear infections were 100% (n = 28), 78.6% (n = 22), and 67.9% (19), respectively. The most common gene in our study was DNAH5, which represented 17.9% (five out of twenty-eight) of the cases. Furthermore, the remaining pathogenic variants included: 14.3% with RSPH9 in four individuals (three families), 14.3% with DNAI2 in four individuals (two families), and 10.7% with LRRC56 in three individuals (one family). The most common findings on the chest CT scans were consolidation (seen in all patients), mucus plugging (seen in 95%), and bronchiectasis (seen in 77%). In the patients with bronchiectasis, the most commonly affected lobes were the right lower lobe (88%) and left lower lobe (76%). The patients with PCD and situs inversus were more likely to experience NRD than the patients with PCD and situs solitus. The median PICADAR score in the patients with PCD and situs inversus (median: 11.5; Q1: 10-Q3: 12.5) was significantly higher compared to those with PCD and situs solitus (median: 7.5; Q1: 5.8-Q3: 8) (U = 10.5; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study provides preliminary data on the clinical and genetic characteristics of PCD patients in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia. We found that DNAH5 and RSPH9 genes were the most common genes among the studied population. Furthermore, PCD should be considered for each child with early NRD and laterality defects, and further confirmatory tests are recommended. These findings also highlight the need for greater awareness of the disease in daily clinical practice to facilitate early diagnosis and avoid irreversible lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alsuheel Asseri
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ayed A. Shati
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ibrahim A. Asiri
- Departments of Pediatrics, King Khalid University Medical City, Abha 62223, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Reem H. Aldosari
- College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hassan A. Al-Amri
- Department of Pediatrics, Khamis Mushayt Children Hospital, Khamis Mushayt 62454, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Alshahrani
- Department of Pulmonology, Aseer Central Hospital, Abha 62523, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Badriah G. Al-Asmari
- Department of Pediatrics, King Fahad Military Hospital, Khamis Mushayt 31932, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Haleimah Alalkami
- Department of Pediatrics, Abha Maternity & Children Hospital, Abha 3613, Saudi Arabia;
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Horani A, Brody SL. One person can make a difference: identification of people with a rare genetic lung disease. ERJ Open Res 2023; 9:00122-2023. [PMID: 37077554 PMCID: PMC10107053 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00122-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
To improve access to care for rare conditions in resource-restricted regions, a concerted effort to establish centres of excellence and training of local physicians is needed https://bit.ly/3ZTBvaj.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Horani
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steven L. Brody
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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4
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Novak AA, Mizernitskiy YL. Clinical and genetic spectrum of primary ciliary dyskinesia in children. ROSSIYSKIY VESTNIK PERINATOLOGII I PEDIATRII (RUSSIAN BULLETIN OF PERINATOLOGY AND PEDIATRICS) 2023. [DOI: 10.21508/1027-4065-2023-68-1-39-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia is a rare genetically determined pathology that leads to chronic inflammatory damage to the respiratory tract, hearing organs and impaired fertility. This article presents the preliminary results of a study conducted in the clinic aimed at the possibility of predicting the clinical course of the disease depending on the genetic variants of the disease, which enables, with timely diagnosis, personalizing the approach to the treatment of children with such a disabling disease as primary ciliary dyskinesia.Purpose. To determine the clinical and genetic variants of primary ciliary dyskinesia, and to identify patterns of disease development. Material and methods. The study included children from 0 to 18 years old with a verified defect of the ciliary apparatus, by analyzing the mobility of the cilia of the ciliary epithelium of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, and who underwent a next generation sequencing exome study.Results. The study revealed characteristic patterns of target organ damage, prevailing in a group of children with impaired cilia assembly factor, as well as in a group of children with damaged dynein arms.Conclusion. Thus, conducting a genetic examination in children with suspected primary ciliary dyskinesia is relevant not only to confirm the disease, but also to predict the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Novak
- Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| | - Yu. L. Mizernitskiy
- Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
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Kamel A, Saberiyan M, Adelian S, Teimori H. DNAH5 gene and its correlation with linc02220 expression and sperm characteristics. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9365-9372. [PMID: 35960414 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07787-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous pieces of evidence show that many environmental and genetic factors can cause male infertility. Much research in recent years has investigated the function of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in fertility. The main objective of the current study was to investigate the expression of Dynein Axonemal Heavy Chain 5 (DNAH5) as a gene that plays an essential role in sperm motility in individuals with asthenozoospermia and terato-asthenozoospermia. Alterations in linc02220 expression (located close to the DNAH5 gene), its action potential in DNAH5 regulating, and the correlation between their expression and normal sperm morphology and motility were also examined. METHOD AND MATERIAL This study examined the semen of 31 asthenozoospermia individuals (AZ), 33 terato-asthenozoospermia (TAZ) individuals, and 33 normospermia (NZ) individuals with normal sperm as a control group. The expression levels of DNAH5 and linc02220 in the sperm samples were analyzed by real-time PCR. RESULTS Gene expression analysis revealed a significant association between DNAH5 expression and sperm motility and morphology (p < 0.0001). The DNAH5 expression levels in the TAZ and AZ groups were also significantly reduced; however, linc02220 was significantly upregulated in both TAZ and AZ groups compared to the NZ group (p < 0.0001). DNAH5 expression in the TAZ and AZ groups was negatively correlated with linc02220 expression, thus, DNAH5 downregulation was associated with linc02220 overexpression (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The gene linc02220 could be a potential regulatory target for DNAH5, and both could affect sperm's normal motility and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kamel
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Saberiyan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Samaneh Adelian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hossein Teimori
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Breuer K, Riedhammer KM, Müller N, Schaidinger B, Dombrowsky G, Dittrich S, Zeidler S, Bauer UMM, Westphal DS, Meitinger T, Dakal TC, Hitz MP, Breuer J, Reutter H, Hilger AC, Hoefele J. Exome sequencing in individuals with cardiovascular laterality defects identifies potential candidate genes. Eur J Hum Genet 2022; 30:946-954. [PMID: 35474353 PMCID: PMC9349204 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01100-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The birth prevalence of laterality defects is about 1.1/10,000 comprising different phenotypes ranging from situs inversus totalis to heterotaxy, mostly associated with complex congenital heart defects (CHD) and situs abnormalities such as intestinal malrotation, biliary atresia, asplenia, or polysplenia. A proportion of laterality defects arise in the context of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) accompanied by respiratory symptoms or infertility. In this study, exome sequencing (ES) was performed in 14 case-parent trios/quattros with clinical exclusion of PCD prior to analysis. Moreover, all cases and parents underwent detailed clinical phenotyping including physical examination, echocardiography by a skilled paediatric cardiologist and abdominal ultrasound examinations not to miss mildly affected individuals. Subsequent survey of the exome data comprised filtering for monoallelic de novo, rare biallelic, and X-linked recessive variants. In two families, rare variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in PKD1L1 and ZIC3 were identified. Both genes have been associated with laterality defects. In two of the remaining families, biallelic variants in LMBRD1 and DNAH17, respectively, were prioritized. In another family, an ultra-rare de novo variant in WDR47 was found. Extensive exome survey of 2,109 single exomes of individuals with situs inversus totalis, heterotaxy, or isolated CHD identified two individuals with novel monoallelic variants in WDR47, but no further individuals with biallelic variants in DNAH17 or LMBRD1. Overall, ES of 14 case-parent trios/quattros with cardiovascular laterality defects identified rare VUS in two families in known disease-associated genes PKD1L1 and ZIC3 and suggests DNAH17, LMBRD1, and WDR47 as potential genes involved in laterality defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katinka Breuer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Pediatric Heart Center, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Korbinian M Riedhammer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Müller
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Pediatric Heart Center, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Birthe Schaidinger
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Pediatric Heart Center, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gregor Dombrowsky
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sven Dittrich
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne Zeidler
- Pediatric Department, Asklepios clinics, Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Ulrike M M Bauer
- Competence Network for Congenital Heart Defects & National Register for Congenital Heart Defects, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik S Westphal
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tikam Chand Dakal
- Department of Biotechnology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University Udaipur, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Marc-Phillip Hitz
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site, Kiel, Germany
| | - Johannes Breuer
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Pediatric Heart Center, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heiko Reutter
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alina C Hilger
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Hoefele
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Liu M, Li J, Jiang C, Zhou Y, Sun Y, Yang Y, Shen Y. A novel homozygous mutation in DNAJB13-a gene associated with the sperm axoneme-leads to teratozoospermia. J Assist Reprod Genet 2022; 39:757-764. [PMID: 35166991 PMCID: PMC8995218 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-022-02431-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the unknown genetic causes of teratozoospermia, and determine the pathogenicity of candidate variants. METHODS A primary infertile patient and his family members were recruited in the West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University. Whole-exome sequencing was performed to identify causative genes in a man with teratozoospermia. Immunofluorescence staining and western blotting were applied to assess the pathogenicity of the identified variant. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was used to assist fertilization for the patient with teratozoospermia. RESULTS We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) and detected a novel homozygous frameshift mutation of c.335_336del [p.E112Vfs*3] in DNAJB13 on a primary infertile male patient. Intriguingly, we identified abnormal sperm morphology in this patient, with recurrent respiratory infections and chronic cough. Furthermore, we confirmed that this mutation resulted in negative effects on DNAJB13 expression in the spermatozoa of the affected individual, causing ultrastructural defects in his sperm. Remarkably, our staining revealed that DNAJB13 was expressed in the cytoplasm of primary germ cells and in the flagella of spermatids during spermiogenesis in humans and mice. Finally, we are the first group to report a favorable prognosis using ICSI for a patient carrying this DNAJB13 mutation. CONCLUSION Our study revealed a novel homozygous frameshift mutation of c.335_336del [p.E112Vfs*3] in DNAJB13 involved in teratozoospermia phenotype. Our study greatly expands the spectrum of limited DNAJB13 mutations, and is expected to provide a better understanding of genetic counseling diagnoses and subsequent treatment of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jinhui Li
- Department of Neonatology, Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chuan Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yanning Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Yongkang Sun
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yihong Yang
- Reproduction Medical Center of West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Abstract
Hydrocephalus, the abnormal accumulation and impaired circulation/clearance of cerebrospinal fluid, occurs as a common phenotypic feature of a diverse group of genetic syndromes. In this review, we outline the genetic mutations, pathogenesis, and accompanying symptoms underlying syndromic hydrocephalus in the context of: L1 syndrome, syndromic craniosynostoses, achondroplasia, NF 1/2, Down's syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, Walker-Warburg syndrome, primary ciliary dyskinesia, and osteogenesis imperfecta. Further, we discuss emerging genetic variants associated with syndromic hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaamya Varagur
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sai Anusha Sanka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Strahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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Wang L, Zhao X, Liang H, Zhang L, Li C, Li D, Meng X, Meng F, Gao M. Novel compound heterozygous mutations of DNAH5 identified in a pediatric patient with Kartagener syndrome: case report and literature review. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:263. [PMID: 34391405 PMCID: PMC8364053 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01586-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kartagener syndrome is a subtype of primary ciliary dyskinesia that may exhibit various symptoms including neonatal respiratory distress and frequent infections of the lung, sinus and middle ear because of the impaired function of motile cilia. In addition to typical symptoms of primary ciliary dyskinesia, patients with Kartagener syndrome also show situs inversus. It is an autosomal recessive disorder which is mostly caused by mutations in DNAH5. Kartagener syndrome is often underdiagnosed due to challenges in the diagnosis process. As next-generation sequencing becomes widely used in clinical laboratories, genetic testing provides an accurate approach to the diagnosis of Kartagener syndrome. CASE PRESENTATION A 7-year-old female patient presented with runny nose of 6 years duration and recurrent cough with phlegm of 2 years duration. Kartagener syndrome was diagnosed through diagnostic tests such as nasal nitric oxide (NO) concentration and transmission electron microscopy, and after performing other exams that corroborated the diagnosis, such as computed tomography, bronchoscopy and hearing test. Whole-exome sequencing was performed for the patient and both parents. The pediatric patient was diagnosed as Kartagener syndrome with the typical symptoms of ciliary dyskinesia including bronchiectasis, sinusitis, conductive hearing loss and situs inversus along with a reduced nasal NO concentration and ciliary abnormalities. The patient carried two novel compound heterozygous mutations in DNAH5, NM_001369:c.12813G > A (p. Trp4271Term) and NM_001369:c.9365delT (p. Leu3122Term). Both mutations lead to premature stop codons and thus are pathogenic. The p. Trp4271Term and p. Leu3122Term mutations were inherited from the father and the mother of the patient individually. A literature review was also conducted to summarize DNAH5 mutations in pediatric patients with Kartagener syndrome across different ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a good example of the diagnosis of Kartagener syndrome in pediatric patients using a series of diagnostic tests combined with genetic testing. Two novel loss-of-function mutations in DNAH5 were identified and validated in a pediatric patient with Kartagener syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Pediatric Department of Respiration II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Pediatric Department of Respiration II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Hang Liang
- Pediatric Department of Respiration II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Pediatric Department of Respiration II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Pediatric Department of Respiration II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Deli Li
- Pediatric Department of Respiration II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130000, China
| | | | - Fanzheng Meng
- Pediatric Department of Respiration II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130000, China.
| | - Mao Gao
- Pediatric Department of Respiration II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130000, China.
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10
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Antony D, Brunner HG, Schmidts M. Ciliary Dyneins and Dynein Related Ciliopathies. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081885. [PMID: 34440654 PMCID: PMC8391580 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although ubiquitously present, the relevance of cilia for vertebrate development and health has long been underrated. However, the aberration or dysfunction of ciliary structures or components results in a large heterogeneous group of disorders in mammals, termed ciliopathies. The majority of human ciliopathy cases are caused by malfunction of the ciliary dynein motor activity, powering retrograde intraflagellar transport (enabled by the cytoplasmic dynein-2 complex) or axonemal movement (axonemal dynein complexes). Despite a partially shared evolutionary developmental path and shared ciliary localization, the cytoplasmic dynein-2 and axonemal dynein functions are markedly different: while cytoplasmic dynein-2 complex dysfunction results in an ultra-rare syndromal skeleto-renal phenotype with a high lethality, axonemal dynein dysfunction is associated with a motile cilia dysfunction disorder, primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) or Kartagener syndrome, causing recurrent airway infection, degenerative lung disease, laterality defects, and infertility. In this review, we provide an overview of ciliary dynein complex compositions, their functions, clinical disease hallmarks of ciliary dynein disorders, presumed underlying pathomechanisms, and novel developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinu Antony
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg University Faculty of Medicine, Mathildenstrasse 1, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
- Genome Research Division, Human Genetics Department, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 KL Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 KL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Han G. Brunner
- Genome Research Division, Human Genetics Department, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 KL Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 KL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam Schmidts
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg University Faculty of Medicine, Mathildenstrasse 1, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
- Genome Research Division, Human Genetics Department, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 KL Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 KL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-761-44391; Fax: +49-761-44710
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11
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Cho EH, Ki CS, Yun SA, Kim SY, Jhun BW, Koh WJ, Huh HJ, Lee NY. Genetic Analysis of Korean Adult Patients with Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Suspected of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Using Whole Exome Sequencing. Yonsei Med J 2021; 62:224-230. [PMID: 33635012 PMCID: PMC7934102 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2021.62.3.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is ubiquitous in the environment, but NTM lung disease (NTM-LD) is uncommon. Since exposure to NTM is inevitable, patients who develop NTM-LD are likely to have specific susceptibility factors, such as primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). PCD is a genetically heterogeneous disorder of motile cilia and is characterized by chronic respiratory tract infection, organ laterality defect, and infertility. In this study, we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) and investigated the genetic characteristics of adult NTM patients with suspected PCD. MATERIALS AND METHODS WES was performed in 13 NTM-LD patients who were suspected of having PCD by clinical symptoms and/or ultrastructural ciliary defect observed by transmission electron microscopy. A total of 45 PCD-causing genes, 23 PCD-candidate genes, and 990 ciliome genes were analyzed. RESULTS Four patients were found to have biallelic loss-of-function (LoF) variants in the following PCD-causing genes: CCDC114, DNAH5, HYDIN, and NME5. In four other patients, only one LoF variant was identified, while the remaining five patients did not have any LoF variants. CONCLUSION At least 30.8% of NTM-LD patients who were suspected of having PCD had biallelic LoF variants, and an additional 30.8% of patients had one LoF variant. Therefore, PCD should be considered in patients with NTM-LD with symptoms or signs suspicious of PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hye Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Sun Ae Yun
- Center for Clinical Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Young Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Woo Jhun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Jung Koh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jae Huh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Nam Yong Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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12
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Sahin C, Uygun ZO, Hortu I, Akdemir A, Kocamanoglu M, Ergenoglu AM, Akcay Y. Using dynein heavy chain 5 and creatine kinase levels in cervical fluid and blood for early diagnosing of ectopic pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 47:921-927. [PMID: 33336538 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Ectopic pregnancy is a life-threatening problem in reproductive ages. Diagnosing ectopic pregnancy in the early period provides to reducing mortality and morbidity and gives an opportunity for medical treatment to preserve fallopian tubes. Evaluation of cervical fluid for determining ectopic pregnancy with new promising markers provided different aspects for diagnosing ectopic pregnancy in the present study. METHODS In this prospective clinical study, ectopic pregnant patients as ectopic pregnancy group (n = 46), intrauterine pregnant patients as intrauterine pregnancy group (n = 29) and not-pregnant patients as nonpregnancy group (n = 10) participated to study. Cervical fluid samples were collected with using merocel sponge. In addition, serum samples were obtained from patients. Dynein heavy chain 5 (DNAH5) and creatine kinase (CK) levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits in samples. RESULTS Reduced cervical fluid DNAH5 levels was diagnosed in ectopic pregnancy group compared to intrauterine pregnancy group (median 3.42 ng/mL; 25-75% percentile 0-9.56 ng/mL vs median 6.14 ng/mL; 1.40-8.31 ng/mL; P < 0.001). On the other hand, DNAH5 protein was not detected in nonpregnant patients' samples. In addition, statistical significant increased cervical fluid CK levels were diagnosed in ectopic pregnancy group compared to intrauterine pregnancy group (median 4477.61 IU/L; 0-64 925.37 IU/L vs 0 IU/L; 0-6832.30 IU/L; P = 0.006). CONCLUSION Measuring of CK and DNAH5 in cervical fluid could be promising markers for early diagnosing of ectopic pregnancy. Decreased DNAH5 levels in cervical fluid might be result from abnormal cilia function in ectopic pregnant patients. ClinicalTrials.gov ID. NCT02995356.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cagdas Sahin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zihni Onur Uygun
- Department of Biochemistry, Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ismet Hortu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ali Akdemir
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Meltem Kocamanoglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ahmet M Ergenoglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Akcay
- Department of Biochemistry, Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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13
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Sakamoto K, Nakajima M, Kawamura K, Nakamura E, Tada N, Kondo A, Arai H, Miyajima M. Ependymal ciliary motion and their role in congenital hydrocephalus. Childs Nerv Syst 2021; 37:3355-3364. [PMID: 33999288 PMCID: PMC8578171 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-021-05194-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Since a case of hydrocephalus in humans considered to be caused by ciliary dysfunction was first reported by Greenstone et al. in 1984, numerous papers on the correlation between ciliary function and hydrocephalus have been published. METHODS We reviewed the published literature on primary ciliary dyskinesia in humans causing hydrocephalus, focusing on articles specifically examining the relation between ciliary function and hydrocephalus and its treatment. In addition, the authors' experience is briefly discussed. RESULTS Full texts of 16 articles reporting cases of human hydrocephalus (including ventriculomegaly) due to defects in ependymal ciliary function or primary ciliary dyskinesia observed in clinical practice were extracted. In recent years, studies on animal models, especially employing knockout mice, have revealed genetic mutations that cause hydrocephalus via ciliary dysfunction. However, a few reports on the onset of hydrocephalus in human patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia have confirmed that the incidence of this condition was extremely low compared to that in animal models. CONCLUSION In humans, it is rare for hydrocephalus to develop solely because of abnormalities in the cilia, and it is highly likely that other factors are also involved along with ciliary dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Sakamoto
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Madoka Nakajima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Kaito Kawamura
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Eri Nakamura
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Laboratory of Disease Model Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiro Tada
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Laboratory of Disease Model Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihide Kondo
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Hajime Arai
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Masakazu Miyajima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Centre, Shinsuna Koto-ku, Tokyo, 136-0075 Japan
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14
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Super-Resolution Microscopy and FIB-SEM Imaging Reveal Parental Centriole-Derived, Hybrid Cilium in Mammalian Multiciliated Cells. Dev Cell 2020; 55:224-236.e6. [PMID: 33038333 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Motile cilia are cellular beating machines that play a critical role in mucociliary clearance, cerebrospinal fluid movement, and fertility. In the airways, hundreds of motile cilia present on the surface of a multiciliated epithelia cell beat coordinately to protect the epithelium from bacteria, viruses, and harmful particulates. During multiciliated cell differentiation, motile cilia are templated from basal bodies, each extending a basal foot-an appendage linking motile cilia together to ensure coordinated beating. Here, we demonstrate that among the many motile cilia of a multiciliated cell, a hybrid cilium with structural features of both primary and motile cilia is harbored. The hybrid cilium is conserved in mammalian multiciliated cells, originates from parental centrioles, and its cellular position is biased and dependent on ciliary beating. Furthermore, we show that the hybrid cilium emerges independently of other motile cilia and functions in regulating basal body alignment.
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15
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Rare Human Diseases: Model Organisms in Deciphering the Molecular Basis of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121614. [PMID: 31835861 PMCID: PMC6952885 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a recessive heterogeneous disorder of motile cilia, affecting one per 15,000-30,000 individuals; however, the frequency of this disorder is likely underestimated. Even though more than 40 genes are currently associated with PCD, in the case of approximately 30% of patients, the genetic cause of the manifested PCD symptoms remains unknown. Because motile cilia are highly evolutionarily conserved organelles at both the proteomic and ultrastructural levels, analyses in the unicellular and multicellular model organisms can help not only to identify new proteins essential for cilia motility (and thus identify new putative PCD-causative genes), but also to elucidate the function of the proteins encoded by known PCD-causative genes. Consequently, studies involving model organisms can help us to understand the molecular mechanism(s) behind the phenotypic changes observed in the motile cilia of PCD affected patients. Here, we summarize the current state of the art in the genetics and biology of PCD and emphasize the impact of the studies conducted using model organisms on existing knowledge.
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16
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Halbeisen FS, Shoemark A, Barbato A, Boon M, Carr S, Crowley S, Hirst R, Karadag B, Koerner-Rettberg C, Loebinger MR, Lucas JS, Maitre B, Mazurek H, Özçelik U, Martinů V, Schwerk N, Thouvenin G, Tschanz SA, Yiallouros P, Goutaki M, Kuehni CE. Time trends in diagnostic testing for primary ciliary dyskinesia in Europe. Eur Respir J 2019; 54:13993003.00528-2019. [PMID: 31273043 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00528-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian S Halbeisen
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Amelia Shoemark
- Dept of Paediatrics, Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Foundation Trust, London, UK.,School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Angelo Barbato
- Italian PCD Consortium.,Dept of Paediatrics, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mieke Boon
- Dept of Paediatrics, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Siobhan Carr
- Dept of Paediatrics, Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Suzanne Crowley
- Unit for Paediatric Heart, Lung, Allergic Diseases, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rob Hirst
- Dept of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Bulent Karadag
- Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cordula Koerner-Rettberg
- Dept of Paediatric Pneumology, University Children's Hospital of Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael R Loebinger
- Host Defence Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jane S Lucas
- Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Centre, NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Bernard Maitre
- French Reference Centre for Rare Lung Diseases.,Hopital intercommunal de Créteil, Service de Pneumologie, DHU ATVB, Université Paris Est Créteil, Paris, France
| | - Henryk Mazurek
- Dept of Pneumonology and Cystic Fibrosis, Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disorders, Zdrój, Poland
| | - Uğur Özçelik
- Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Vendula Martinů
- Pediatric Dept, Charles University Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nicolaus Schwerk
- Clinic for Paediatric Pulmonology, Allergiology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Guillaume Thouvenin
- French Reference Centre for Rare Lung Diseases.,Paediatric Pulmonary Dept, Trousseau Hospital APHP, Sorbonne Universities and Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France
| | - Stefan A Tschanz
- Swiss PCD registry (CH-PCD).,Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Myrofora Goutaki
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Children's University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Both authors contributed equally
| | - Claudia E Kuehni
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland .,Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Children's University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Both authors contributed equally
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17
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Nöthe-Menchen T, Wallmeier J, Pennekamp P, Höben IM, Olbrich H, Loges NT, Raidt J, Dougherty GW, Hjeij R, Dworniczak B, Omran H. Randomization of Left-right Asymmetry and Congenital Heart Defects: The Role of DNAH5 in Humans and Mice. CIRCULATION. GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2019; 12:10.1161/CIRCGEN.119.002686. [PMID: 31638833 PMCID: PMC7174103 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.119.002686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background - Nearly one in 100 live births presents with congenital heart defects (CHD). CHD are frequently associated with laterality defects, such as situs inversus totalis (SIT), a mirrored positioning of internal organs. Body laterality is established by a complex process: monocilia at the embryonic left-right organizer (LRO) facilitate both the generation and sensing of a leftward fluid flow. This induces the conserved left-sided Nodal signaling cascade to initiate asymmetric organogenesis. Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) originates from dysfunction of motile cilia, causing symptoms such as chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis and frequently SIT. The most frequently mutated gene in PCD, DNAH5 is associated with randomization of body asymmetry resulting in SIT in half of the patients; however, its relation to CHD occurrence in humans has not been investigated in detail so far. Methods - We performed genotype / phenotype correlations in 132 PCD patients carrying disease-causing DNAH5 mutations, focusing on situs defects and CHD. Using high speed video microscopy-, immunofluorescence-, and in situ hybridization analyses, we investigated the initial steps of left-right axis establishment in embryos of a Dnah5 mutant mouse model. Results - 65.9% (87 / 132) of the PCD patients carrying disease-causing DNAH5 mutations had laterality defects: 88.5% (77 / 87) presented with SIT, 11.5% (10 / 87) presented with situs ambiguus; and 6.1% (8 / 132) presented with CHD. In Dnah5mut/mut mice, embryonic LRO monocilia lack outer dynein arms resulting in immotile cilia, impaired flow at the LRO, and randomization of Nodal signaling with normal, reversed or bilateral expression of key molecules. Conclusions - For the first time, we directly demonstrate the disease-mechanism of laterality defects linked to DNAH5 deficiency at the molecular level during embryogenesis. We highlight that mutations in DNAH5 are not only associated with classical randomization of left-right body asymmetry but also with severe laterality defects including CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabea Nöthe-Menchen
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Julia Wallmeier
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Petra Pennekamp
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Inga M Höben
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Heike Olbrich
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Niki T Loges
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Johanna Raidt
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Gerard W Dougherty
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Rim Hjeij
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Bernd Dworniczak
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Heymut Omran
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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18
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Orimo M, Kondo M, Takeyama K, Abe K, Miyoshi A, Honda N, Ichikawa A, Takeuchi K, Tagaya E. A Japanese Case of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia with DNAH5 Mutations. Intern Med 2019; 58:2383-2386. [PMID: 31118369 PMCID: PMC6746640 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1961-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A 33-year-old woman presented with a productive cough from childhood. She had suffered from repeated bacterial pneumonia. Her clinical and imaging findings revealed chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis and situs inversus. We suspected primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) and performed a bronchial mucosal biopsy. The ciliary beat pattern according to high-speed video microscopy was complete loss. Electron microscopic findings of cilia showed defect of outer dynein arm (ODA). A genetic examination detected compound heterozygous mutations of DNAH5 that encode ODA components. There are few reports of genetic mutation analyses in Japanese PCD patients. We herein report a PCD patient with DNAH5 mutations and review the related literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Orimo
- First Department of Medicine Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Kondo
- First Department of Medicine Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takeyama
- First Department of Medicine Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Abe
- First Department of Medicine Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Azusa Miyoshi
- First Department of Medicine Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Nahoko Honda
- First Department of Medicine Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Asuka Ichikawa
- First Department of Medicine Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takeuchi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Etsuko Tagaya
- First Department of Medicine Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
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19
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Leigh MW, Horani A, Kinghorn B, O'Connor MG, Zariwala MA, Knowles MR. Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD): A genetic disorder of motile cilia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 4:51-75. [PMID: 31572664 DOI: 10.3233/trd-190036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret W Leigh
- Department of Pediatrics and Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Amjad Horani
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - BreAnna Kinghorn
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine; Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael G O'Connor
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Monroe Carell Jr Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Maimoona A Zariwala
- Department of Pathology/Lab Medicine and Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michael R Knowles
- Department of Medicine and Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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20
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Gunes S, Sengupta P, Henkel R, Alguraigari A, Sinigaglia MM, Kayal M, Joumah A, Agarwal A. Microtubular Dysfunction and Male Infertility. World J Mens Health 2018; 38:9-23. [PMID: 30350487 PMCID: PMC6920067 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.180066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are the prime component of the cytoskeleton along with microfilaments. Being vital for organelle transport and cellular divisions during spermatogenesis and sperm motility process, microtubules ascertain functional capacity of sperm. Also, microtubule based structures such as axoneme and manchette are crucial for sperm head and tail formation. This review (a) presents a concise, yet detailed structural overview of the microtubules, (b) analyses the role of microtubule structures in various male reproductive functions, and (c) presents the association of microtubular dysfunctions with male infertility. Considering the immense importance of microtubule structures in the formation and maintenance of physiological functions of sperm cells, this review serves as a scientific trigger in stimulating further male infertility research in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezgin Gunes
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.,American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Pallav Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University, Selangor, Malaysia.,American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ralf Henkel
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa.,American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Aabed Alguraigari
- Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mariana Marques Sinigaglia
- University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Malik Kayal
- Alfaisal University Medical School, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ahmad Joumah
- Alfaisal University Medical School, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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21
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Ji ZY, Sha YW, Ding L, Li P. Genetic factors contributing to human primary ciliary dyskinesia and male infertility. Asian J Androl 2018; 19:515-520. [PMID: 27270341 PMCID: PMC5566842 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.181227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is an autosomal-recessive disorder resulting from the loss of normal ciliary function. Symptoms include neonatal respiratory distress, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, situs inversus, and infertility. However, only 15 PCD-associated genes have been identified to cause male infertility to date. Owing to the genetic heterogeneity of PCD, comprehensive molecular genetic testing is not considered the standard of care. Here, we provide an update of the progress on the identification of genetic factors related to PCD associated with male infertility, summarizing the underlying molecular mechanisms, and discuss the clinical implications of these findings. Further research in this field will impact the diagnostic strategy for male infertility, enabling clinicians to provide patients with informed genetic counseling, and help to adopt the best course of treatment for developing directly targeted personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yong Ji
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Xiamen Maternity and Child Care Hospital, No. 10 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan-Wei Sha
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Xiamen Maternity and Child Care Hospital, No. 10 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, China
| | - Lu Ding
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Xiamen Maternity and Child Care Hospital, No. 10 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, China
| | - Ping Li
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Xiamen Maternity and Child Care Hospital, No. 10 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, China
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22
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Reula A, Lucas JS, Moreno-Galdó A, Romero T, Milara X, Carda C, Mata-Roig M, Escribano A, Dasi F, Armengot-Carceller M. New insights in primary ciliary dyskinesia. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2017.1324780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Reula
- Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- UCIM Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - JS Lucas
- Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Centre, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Antonio Moreno-Galdó
- Pediatrics Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Romero
- Pediatrics Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Xavier Milara
- Department of Pharmacy, Universitat Jaume I, Castello de la Plana, Spain
| | | | | | - Amparo Escribano
- Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Pediatrics Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Dasi
- Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- UCIM Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Armengot-Carceller
- Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Oto-Rino- Laryngology Department, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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23
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Catana A, Apostu AP. The determination factors of left-right asymmetry disorders- a short review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 90:139-146. [PMID: 28559696 PMCID: PMC5433564 DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Laterality defects in humans, situs inversus and heterotaxy, are rare disorders, with an incidence of 1:8000 to 1:10 000 in the general population, and a multifactorial etiology. It has been proved that 1.44/10 000 of all cardiac problems are associated with malformations of left-right asymmetry and heterotaxy accounts for 3% of all congenital heart defects. It is considered that defects of situs appear due to genetic and environmental factors. Also, there is evidence that the ciliopathies (defects of structure or function) are involved in development abnormalities. Over 100 genes have been reported to be involved in left-right patterning in model organisms, but only a few are likely to candidate for left-right asymmetry defects in humans. Left-right asymmetry disorders are genetically heterogeneous and have variable manifestations (from asymptomatic to serious clinical problems). The discovery of the right mechanism of left-right development will help explain the clinical complexity and may contribute to a therapy of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Catana
- Genetics Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adina Patricia Apostu
- Genetics Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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24
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Kano G, Tsujii H, Takeuchi K, Nakatani K, Ikejiri M, Ogawa S, Kubo H, Nagao M, Fujisawa T. Whole-exome sequencing identification of novel DNAH5 mutations in a young patient with primary ciliary dyskinesia. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:5077-5083. [PMID: 27779714 PMCID: PMC5355724 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic disorder caused by structural and/or functional impairment of cilia throughout the whole body. Early diagnosis of PCD is important for the prevention of long-term sequelae, however early diagnosis is a challenge due to the phenotypic heterogeneity of PCD. In the current study, the patient with PCD was diagnosed at nine years old following several efforts to control intractable airway symptoms. The patient experienced a chronic productive cough beginning in early childhood and had multiple episodes of pneumonia and otitis media with effusion and sinusitis. No situs inversus or other heterotaxias were reported. Serial chest X-rays exhibited persistent atelectasis and bronchiectasis in the right middle lobe. When the patient was nine years old, electron microscopy of his cilia and genetic analysis were conducted. Electron microscopy of a biopsy specimen from the nasal mucosa indicated loss of the outer dynein arms. Whole-exome analysis of the genome demonstrated the presence of compound heterozygous mutations in DNAH5: NM_001369.2:c.5983C>T, p.Arg1995X in exon 36 and NM_001369.2:c.9101delG, p.Gly3034ValfsX22 in exon 54; neither of which have been previously reported in the literature in a Japanese patient. Notably, this case is, to the best of our knowledge, the first reported case of PCD caused by the DNAH5 mutation in a Japanese patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Kano
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto‑Yamashiro General Medical Center, Kizugawashi, Kyoto 619‑0214, Japan
| | - Hisashi Tsujii
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto‑Yamashiro General Medical Center, Kizugawashi, Kyoto 619‑0214, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takeuchi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514‑8507, Japan
| | - Kaname Nakatani
- Division of Personalized Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514‑8507, Japan
| | - Makoto Ikejiri
- Central Clinical Laboratories, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514‑8507, Japan
| | - Satoru Ogawa
- Electron Microscopy Research Center, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514‑8507, Japan
| | - Hisami Kubo
- School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514‑8507, Japan
| | - Mizuho Nagao
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie National Hospital, Tsu, Mie 514‑0125, Japan
| | - Takao Fujisawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie National Hospital, Tsu, Mie 514‑0125, Japan
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25
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Bragina EE, Arifulin EA, Senchenkov EP. Genetically determined and functional human sperm motility decrease. Russ J Dev Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360416050027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Burnicka-Turek O, Steimle JD, Huang W, Felker L, Kamp A, Kweon J, Peterson M, Reeves RH, Maslen CL, Gruber PJ, Yang XH, Shendure J, Moskowitz IP. Cilia gene mutations cause atrioventricular septal defects by multiple mechanisms. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:3011-3028. [PMID: 27340223 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrioventricular septal defects (AVSDs) are a common severe form of congenital heart disease (CHD). In this study we identified deleterious non-synonymous mutations in two cilia genes, Dnah11 and Mks1, in independent N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mouse mutant lines with heritable recessive AVSDs by whole-exome sequencing. Cilia are required for left/right body axis determination and second heart field (SHF) Hedgehog (Hh) signaling, and we find that cilia mutations affect these requirements differentially. Dnah11avc4 did not disrupt SHF Hh signaling and caused AVSDs only concurrently with heterotaxy, a left/right axis abnormality. In contrast, Mks1avc6 disrupted SHF Hh signaling and caused AVSDs without heterotaxy. We performed unbiased whole-genome SHF transcriptional profiling and found that cilia motility genes were not expressed in the SHF whereas cilia structural and signaling genes were highly expressed. SHF cilia gene expression predicted the phenotypic concordance between AVSDs and heterotaxy in mice and humans with cilia gene mutations. A two-step model of cilia action accurately predicted the AVSD/heterotaxyu phenotypic expression pattern caused by cilia gene mutations. We speculate that cilia gene mutations contribute to both syndromic and non-syndromic AVSDs in humans and provide a model that predicts the phenotypic consequences of specific cilia gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozanna Burnicka-Turek
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA,
| | - Jeffrey D Steimle
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Wenhui Huang
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lindsay Felker
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Anna Kamp
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Junghun Kweon
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michael Peterson
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Roger H Reeves
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Cheryl L Maslen
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA and
| | - Peter J Gruber
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52245, USA
| | - Xinan H Yang
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jay Shendure
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ivan P Moskowitz
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA,
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Research on the biology of cilia, complex hair-like cellular organelles, has greatly informed our understanding of its crucial role in respiratory health and the pathogenesis of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), including the genetics behind this condition. This review will summarize the current state of the art in the field highlighting its clinical implications. RECENT FINDINGS The genetics of PCD have exploded over the past few years as knowledge acquired from model systems has permitted the identification of genes that are key components of the ciliary apparatus and its function. In addition, clinical criteria and diagnostic tools have emerged that permit more clear identification of affected individuals. SUMMARY The rate of progress in the field continues to accelerate through international collaborative efforts and standardization of methods. Although the genetics behind PCD are complex, given the large number of genes associated with disease, as well as the large number of possible mutations even at the individual gene level, this knowledge is rapidly translating in improved diagnostics and hopefully in the near future in the identification of potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E. Milla
- The Stanford Cystic Fibrosis Center, Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 770 Welch Rd., Ste. 350, Palo Alto, CA 94304, P. +1-650-736-9824, F. +1-650-723-5201,
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28
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Horani A, Ferkol TW, Dutcher SK, Brody SL. Genetics and biology of primary ciliary dyskinesia. Paediatr Respir Rev 2016; 18:18-24. [PMID: 26476603 PMCID: PMC4864047 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ciliopathies are a growing class of disorders caused by abnormal ciliary axonemal structure and function. Our understanding of the complex genetic and functional phenotypes of these conditions has rapidly progressed. Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) remains the sole genetic disorder of motile cilia dysfunction. However, unlike many Mendelian genetic disorders, PCD is not caused by mutations in a single gene or locus, but rather, autosomal recessive mutation in one of many genes that lead to a similar phenotype. The first reported PCD mutations, more than a decade ago, identified genes encoding known structural components of the ciliary axoneme. In recent years, mutations in genes encoding novel cytoplasmic and regulatory proteins have been discovered. These findings have provided new insights into the functions of the motile cilia, and a better understanding of motile cilia disease. Advances in genetic tools will soon allow more precise genetic testing, mandating that clinicians must understand the genetic basis of PCD. Here, we review genetic mutations, their biological impact on cilia structure and function, and the implication of emerging genetic diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Horani
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
| | - Thomas W Ferkol
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
,Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Susan K. Dutcher
- Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
,Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Steven L Brody
- Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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29
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Tsubouchi H, Matsumoto N, Yanagi S, Ashitani JI, Nakazato M. Successful treatment of chronic lower respiratory tract infection by macrolide administration in a patient with intralobar pulmonary sequestration and primary ciliary dyskinesia. Respir Med Case Rep 2015; 15:62-5. [PMID: 26236606 PMCID: PMC4501538 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetic disease associated with abnormalities in ciliary structure and function. Although recurrent respiratory infection associated with ciliary dysfunction is a common clinical feature, there is no standardized treatment or management of respiratory infection in PCD patients. Here, we report that respiratory infection with PCD and intralobar sequestration (ILS) were treated successfully with clarithromycin before the surgical resection of ILS. A 15-year-old non-smoking Japanese woman was admitted for productive cough and dyspnea on exertion. Chest CT scan on admission showed complex cystic LESIONS with air-fluid level in the right lower lobe, and diffuse nodular shadows in the whole lobe of the lung. On flexible bronchoscopy examination, sputum and bronchiolar fluid cultures revealed Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). An electron microscopic examination of the cilia showed inner dynein arm deficiency. Administration of clarithromycin improved the lower respiratory tract infection associated with S. aureus. CT angiography after clarithromycin treatment demonstrated an aberrant systemic artery arising from the celiac trunk and supplying the cystic mass lesions that were incorporated into the normal pulmonary parenchyma without their own pleural covering. Based on these results, the patient was diagnosed with PCD and ILS. Because of the clarithromycin treatment, resection of the ILS was performed safely without any complications. Although further observation of clarithromycin treatment is needed, we believe that clarithromycin may be considered one of the agents for treating PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Tsubouchi
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Matsumoto
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Shigehisa Yanagi
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Ashitani
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Nakazato
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
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30
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Praveen K, Davis EE, Katsanis N. Unique among ciliopathies: primary ciliary dyskinesia, a motile cilia disorder. F1000PRIME REPORTS 2015; 7:36. [PMID: 25926987 PMCID: PMC4371376 DOI: 10.12703/p7-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a ciliopathy, but represents the sole entity from this class of disorders that results from the dysfunction of motile cilia. Characterized by respiratory problems appearing in childhood, infertility, and situs defects in ~50% of individuals, PCD has an estimated prevalence of approximately 1 in 10,000 live births. The diagnosis of PCD can be prolonged due to a lack of disease awareness, coupled with the fact that symptoms can be confused with other more common genetic disorders, such as cystic fibrosis, or environmental insults that result in frequent respiratory infections. A primarily autosomal recessive disorder, PCD is genetically heterogeneous with >30 causal genes identified, posing significant challenges to genetic diagnosis. Here, we provide an overview of PCD as a disorder underscored by impaired ciliary motility; we discuss the recent advances towards uncovering the genetic basis of PCD; we discuss the molecular knowledge gained from PCD gene discovery, which has improved our understanding of motile ciliary assembly; and we speculate on how accelerated diagnosis, together with detailed phenotypic data, will shape the genetic and functional architecture of this disorder.
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31
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Mathieu M, Hammond C, Karlin DG. An innovative lab-based training program to help patient groups understand their disease and the research process. PLoS Biol 2015; 13:e1002067. [PMID: 25668201 PMCID: PMC4323103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genuine partnership between patient groups and medical experts is important but challenging. Our training program meets this challenge by organizing hands-on, lab-based training sessions for members of patient groups. These sessions allow “trainees” to better understand their disease and the biomedical research process, and strengthen links between patients and local researchers. Over the past decade, we and our partner institutes have received more than 900 French patients, with the participation of over 60 researchers and clinicians. Lab-based mini-research projects allow members of patient groups to understand the scientific method and how research works in practice, thereby fostering genuine partnership between patient groups and medical experts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Mathieu
- Tous Chercheurs, Marseille, France
- * E-mail: (MM); (CH); (DGK)
| | - Constance Hammond
- Tous Chercheurs, Marseille, France
- Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée, INMED UMR 901 Inserm, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- * E-mail: (MM); (CH); (DGK)
| | - David G. Karlin
- Tous Chercheurs, Marseille, France
- * E-mail: (MM); (CH); (DGK)
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32
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Abstract
Humans and other vertebrates exhibit left-right (LR) asymmetric arrangement of the internal organs, and failure to establish normal LR asymmetry leads to internal laterality disorders, including situs inversus and heterotaxy. Situs inversus is complete mirror-imaged arrangement of the internal organs along LR axis, whereas heterotaxy is abnormal arrangement of the internal thoraco-abdominal organs across LR axis of the body, most of which are associated with complex cardiovascular malformations. Both disorders are genetically heterogeneous with reduced penetrance, presumably because of monogenic, polygenic or multifactorial causes. Research in genetics of LR asymmetry disorders has been extremely prolific over the past 17 years, and a series of loci and disease genes involved in situs inversus and heterotaxy have been described. The review highlights the classification, chromosomal abnormalities, pathogenic genes and the possible mechanism of human LR asymmetry disorders.
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33
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Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetically heterogeneous disorder caused by the abnormal structure and/or function of motile cilia. The PCD diagnosis is challenging and requires a well-described clinical phenotype combined with the identification of abnormalities in ciliary ultrastructure and/or beating pattern as well as the recognition of genetic cause of the disease. Regarding the pace of identification of PCD-related genes, a rapid acceleration during the last 2-3 years is notable. This is the result of new technologies, such as whole-exome sequencing, that have been recently applied in genetic research. To date, PCD-causative mutations in 29 genes are known and the number of causative genes is bound to rise. Even though the genetic causes of approximately one-third of PCD cases still remain to be found, the current knowledge can already be used to create new, accurate genetic tests for PCD that can accelerate the correct diagnosis and reduce the proportion of unexplained cases. This review aims to present the latest data on the relations between ciliary structure aberrations and their genetic basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kurkowiak
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Ziętkiewicz
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Michał Witt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
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34
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Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetically heterogeneous disorder caused by the abnormal structure and/or function of motile cilia. The PCD diagnosis is challenging and requires a well-described clinical phenotype combined with the identification of abnormalities in ciliary ultrastructure and/or beating pattern as well as the recognition of genetic cause of the disease. Regarding the pace of identification of PCD-related genes, a rapid acceleration during the last 2–3 years is notable. This is the result of new technologies, such as whole-exome sequencing, that have been recently applied in genetic research. To date, PCD-causative mutations in 29 genes are known and the number of causative genes is bound to rise. Even though the genetic causes of approximately one-third of PCD cases still remain to be found, the current knowledge can already be used to create new, accurate genetic tests for PCD that can accelerate the correct diagnosis and reduce the proportion of unexplained cases. This review aims to present the latest data on the relations between ciliary structure aberrations and their genetic basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kurkowiak
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Ziętkiewicz
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Michał Witt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
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35
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Montjean D, Courageot J, Altié A, Amar-Hoffet A, Rossin B, Geoffroy-Siraudin C, Tourame P, Boyer P. Normal live birth after vitrified/warmed oocytes intracytoplasmic sperm injection with immotile spermatozoa in a patient with Kartagener's syndrome. Andrologia 2014; 47:839-45. [PMID: 25269826 DOI: 10.1111/and.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The present article is a report on two cases of male Kartagener's syndrome enrolled in intraconjugal IVF programme due to akinetospermia. Viable spermatozoa were selected using a hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST) and pentoxifylline activation and subsequently microinjected into vitrified/warmed oocytes. The treatment enabled one of these two couples to achieve a pregnancy and to give birth to a healthy baby girl.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Montjean
- Service of Medicine and Reproductive Biology, Saint-Joseph Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - J Courageot
- Electron microscopy Department, Medicine faculty of La Timone, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - A Altié
- Electron microscopy Department, Medicine faculty of La Timone, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - A Amar-Hoffet
- Service of Medicine and Reproductive Biology, Saint-Joseph Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - B Rossin
- Service of Medicine and Reproductive Biology, Saint-Joseph Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - C Geoffroy-Siraudin
- Service of Medicine and Reproductive Biology, Saint-Joseph Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - P Tourame
- Service of Medicine and Reproductive Biology, Saint-Joseph Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - P Boyer
- Service of Medicine and Reproductive Biology, Saint-Joseph Hospital, Marseille, France
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36
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Sha YW, Ding L, Li P. Management of primary ciliary dyskinesia/Kartagener's syndrome in infertile male patients and current progress in defining the underlying genetic mechanism. Asian J Androl 2014; 16:101-6. [PMID: 24369140 PMCID: PMC3901865 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.122192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Kartagener's syndrome (KS) is an autosomal recessive genetic disease accounting for approximately 50% of the cases of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). As it is accompanied by many complications, PCD/KS severely affects the patient's quality of life. Therapeutic approaches for PCD/KS aim to enhance prevention, facilitate rapid definitive diagnosis, avoid misdiagnosis, maintain active treatment, control infection and postpone the development of lesions. In male patients, sperm flagella may show impairment in or complete absence of the ability to swing, which ultimately results in male infertility. Assisted reproductive technology will certainly benefit such patients. For PCD/KS patients with completely immotile sperm, intracytoplasmic sperm injection may be very important and even indispensable. Considering the number of PCD/KS susceptibility genes and mutations that are being identified, more extensive genetic screening is indispensable in patients with these diseases. Moreover, further studies into the potential molecular mechanisms of these diseases are required. In this review, we summarize the available information on various aspects of this disease in order to delineate the therapeutic objectives more clearly, and clarify the efficacy of assisted reproductive technology as a means of treatment for patients with PCD/KS-associated infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ping Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, China
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37
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Jang HM, Erf GF, Rowland KC, Kong BW. Genome resequencing and bioinformatic analysis of SNP containing candidate genes in the autoimmune vitiligo Smyth line chicken model. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:707. [PMID: 25151476 PMCID: PMC4152579 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Smyth line (SL) chicken is the only animal model for autoimmune vitiligo that spontaneously displays all clinical and biological manifestations of the human disorder. To understand the genetic components underlying the susceptibility to develop SL vitiligo (SLV), whole genome resequencing analysis was performed in SLV chickens compared with non-vitiliginous parental Brown line (BL) chickens, which maintain a very low incidence rate of vitiligo. RESULTS Illumina sequencing technology and reference based assembly on Red Jungle Fowl genome sequences were used. Results of genome resequencing of pooled DNA of each 10 BL and SL chickens reached 5.1x and 7.0x coverage, respectively. The total number of SNPs was 4.8 and 5.5 million in BL and SL genome, respectively. Through a series of filtering processes, a total of ~1 million unique SNPs were found in the SL alone. Eventually of the 156 reliable marker SNPs, which can induce non-synonymous-, frameshift-, nonsense-, and no-start mutations in amino acid sequences in proteins, 139 genes were chosen for further analysis. Of these, 14 randomly chosen SNPs were examined for SNP verification by PCR and Sanger sequencing to detect SNP positions in 20 BL and 70 SL chickens. The results of the analysis of the 14 SNPs clearly showed differential frequencies of nucleotide bases in the SNP positions between BL and SL chickens. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the 156 most reliable marker SNPs included genes involved in dermatological diseases/conditions such as ADAMTS13, ASPM, ATP6V0A2, BRCA2, COL12A1, GRM5, LRP2, OBSCN, PLAU, RNF168, STAB2, and XIRP1. Intermolecular gene network analysis revealed that candidate genes identified in SLV play a role in networks centered on protein kinases (MAPK, ERK1/2, PKC, PRKDC), phosphatase (PPP1CA), ubiquitinylation (UBC) and amyloid production (APP). CONCLUSIONS Various potential genetic markers showing amino acid changes and potential roles in vitiligo development were identified in the SLV chicken through genome resequencing. The genetic markers and bioinformatic interpretations of amino acid mutations found in SLV chickens may provide insight into the genetic component responsible for the onset and the progression of autoimmune vitiligo and serve as valuable markers to develop diagnostic tools to detect vitiligo susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Min Jang
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, POSC O-404, 1260 West Maple, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - Gisela F Erf
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, POSC O-404, 1260 West Maple, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - Kaylee C Rowland
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, POSC O-404, 1260 West Maple, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - Byung-Whi Kong
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, POSC O-404, 1260 West Maple, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
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Unexpected genetic heterogeneity for primary ciliary dyskinesia in the Irish Traveller population. Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 23:210-7. [PMID: 24824133 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a study of five children from three unrelated Irish Traveller families presenting with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). As previously characterized disorders in the Irish Traveller population are caused by common homozygous mutations, we hypothesised that all three PCD families shared the same recessive mutation. However, exome sequencing showed that there was no pathogenic homozygous mutation common to all families. This finding was supported by histology, which showed that each family has a different type of ciliary defect; transposition defect (family A), nude epithelium (family B) and absence of inner and outer dynein arms (family C). Therefore, each family was analysed independently using homozygosity mapping and exome sequencing. The affected siblings in family A share a novel 1 bp duplication in RSPH4A (NM_001161664.1:c.166dup; p.Arg56Profs*11), a radial-spoke head protein involved in ciliary movement. In family B, we identified three candidate genes (CCNO, KCNN3 and CDKN1C), with a 5-bp duplication in CCNO (NM_021147.3:c.258_262dup; p.Gln88Argfs*8) being the most likely cause of ciliary aplasia. This is the first study to implicate CCNO, a DNA repair gene reported to be involved in multiciliogenesis, in PCD. In family C, we identified a ∼3.5-kb deletion in DYX1C1, a neuronal migration gene previously associated with PCD. This is the first report of a disorder in the relatively small Irish Traveller population to be caused by >1 disease gene. Our study identified at least three different PCD genes in the Irish Traveller population, highlighting that one cannot always assume genetic homogeneity, even in small consanguineous populations.
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Genetic Testing in the Diagnosis of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives. J Clin Med 2014; 3:491-503. [PMID: 26237387 PMCID: PMC4449687 DOI: 10.3390/jcm3020491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a heterogeneous autosomal recessive condition affecting around 1:15,000. In people with PCD, microscopic motile cilia do not move normally resulting in impaired clearance of mucus and debris leading to repeated sinopulmonary infection. If diagnosis is delayed, permanent bronchiectasis and deterioration of lung function occurs. Other complications associated with PCD include congenital heart disease, hearing impairment and infertility. A small number of longitudinal studies suggest that lung function deteriorates before diagnosis of PCD but may stabilise following diagnosis with subsequent specialist management. Early diagnosis is therefore essential, but for a number of reasons referral for diagnostic testing is often delayed until older childhood or even adulthood. Functional diagnostic tests for PCD are expensive, time consuming and require specialist equipment and scientists. In the last few years, there have been considerable developments to identify genes associated with PCD, currently enabling 65% of patients to be identified by bi-allelic mutations. The rapid identification of new genes continues. This review will consider the evidence that early diagnosis of PCD is beneficial. It will review the recent advances in identification of PCD-associated genes and will discuss the role of genetic testing in PCD. It will then consider whether screening for PCD antenatally or in the new born is likely to become a feasible and acceptable for this rare disease.
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Picking up speed: advances in the genetics of primary ciliary dyskinesia. Pediatr Res 2014; 75:158-64. [PMID: 24192704 PMCID: PMC3946436 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2013.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal ciliary axonemal structure and function are linked to the growing class of genetic disorders collectively known as ciliopathies, and our understanding of the complex genetics and functional phenotypes of these conditions has rapidly expanded. While progress in genetics and biology has uncovered numerous cilia-related syndromes, primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) remains the sole genetic disorder of motile cilia dysfunction. The first disease-causing mutation was described just 13 y ago, and since that time, the pace of gene discovery has quickened. These mutations separate into genes that encode axonemal motor proteins, structural and regulatory elements, and cytoplasmic proteins that are involved in assembly and preassembly of ciliary elements. These findings have yielded novel insights into the processes involved in ciliary assembly, structure, and function, which will allow us to better understand the clinical manifestations of PCD. Moreover, advances in techniques for genetic screening and sequencing are improving diagnostic approaches. In this article, we will describe the structure, function, and emerging genetics of respiratory cilia, review the genotype-phenotype relationships of motor ciliopathies, and explore the implications of recent discoveries for diagnostic testing for PCD.
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41
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Lee L. Riding the wave of ependymal cilia: genetic susceptibility to hydrocephalus in primary ciliary dyskinesia. J Neurosci Res 2013; 91:1117-32. [PMID: 23686703 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Congenital hydrocephalus is a relatively common and debilitating birth defect with several known physiological causes. Dysfunction of motile cilia on the ependymal cells that line the ventricular surface of the brain can result in hydrocephalus by hindering the proper flow of cerebrospinal fluid. As a result, hydrocephalus can be associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia, a rare pediatric syndrome resulting from defects in ciliary and flagellar motility. Although the prevalence of hydrocephalus in primary ciliary dyskinesia patients is low, it is a common hallmark of the disease in mouse models, suggesting that distinct genetic mechanisms underlie the differences in the development and physiology of human and mouse brains. Mouse models of primary ciliary dyskinesia reveal strain-specific differences in the appearance and severity of hydrocephalus, indicating the presence of genetic modifiers segregating in inbred strains. These models may provide valuable insight into the genetic mechanisms that regulate susceptibility to hydrocephalus under the conditions of ependymal ciliary dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance Lee
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research USD, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA.
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42
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Cheong KA, Kim NH, Noh M, Lee AY. Three new single nucleotide polymorphisms identified by a genome-wide association study in Korean patients with vitiligo. J Korean Med Sci 2013; 28:775-9. [PMID: 23678272 PMCID: PMC3653093 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2013.28.5.775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic susceptibility is involved in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Association studies with a whole genome-based approach instead of a single or a few candidate genes may be useful for discovering new susceptible genes. Although the etiology of non-segmental and segmental types is different, the association between gene polymorphisms and vitiligo has been reported, without defining types or in non-segmental type. Whole genome-based single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were examined in patients with non-segmental and segmental types of vitiligo using the Affymetrix GeneChip 500K mapping array, and 10 functional classes of significant SNPs were selected. Genotyping and data analysis of selected 10 SNPs was performed using real-time PCR. Genotype and allele frequencies were significantly different between both types of vitiligo and three of the target SNPs, DNAH5 (rs2277046), STRN3 (rs2273171), and KIAA1005 (rs3213758). A stronger association was suggested between the mutation in KIAA1005 (rs3213758) and the segmental type compared to the non-segmental type of vitiligo. DNAH5 (rs2277046), STRN3 (rs2273171), and KIAA1005 (rs3213758) may be new vitiligo-related SNPs in Korean patients, either non-segmental or segmental type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ah Cheong
- Department of Dermatology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Nan-Hyung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Minsoo Noh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ai-Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
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Mata M, Lluch-Estellés J, Armengot M, Sarrión I, Carda C, Cortijo J. New adenylate kinase 7 (AK7) mutation in primary ciliary dyskinesia. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2012; 26:260-4. [PMID: 22801010 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2012.26.3784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a congenital hereditary disease affecting 1/20,000-60,000 people that causes chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, sinus hypoplasia, secretory otitis media, and low fertility. The complexity and heterogeneity of the disease make diagnosis difficult. Although the genetic origin of PCD is clear, mutations in only five genes have been associated with the disease, and, to date, no disease-causing gene has been identified. Recently, low levels of AK7 gene expression have been linked to PCD. This study was designed to determine the mutational status of the AK7 gene in 31 PCD (17 PCD and 14 Kartagener syndrome diagnosed) patients compared with 40 healthy volunteers. We also determined the AK7 sequence in two families with members with PCD and investigated ciliary activity and ciliogenesis in one patient with a mutation in AK7. METHODS We analyzed nasal mucociliary transport and cilial ultrastructure by electron microscopy and studied nasal ciliary beat frequency and beat pattern using high-resolution digital high speed video (DHSV) imaging. Mutation analyses were performed by direct resequencing of the 18 exons of the AK7 gene. Air-liquid interface differentiated cultures were studied using DHSV imaging and histochemistry. AK7 gene expression was studied by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS We identified two mutations in the AK7 gene, the described single nucleotide polymorphism (rs2369679), and a new mutation (c.1214insT) that, to the best of our knowledge, has not been described previously. Family and functional studies indicated that c.1214insT could be related to PCD. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that AK7 may be involved in the development of PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Mata
- Research Foundation Of the University General Hospital of Valencia, Spain.
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Ciliary motility: the components and cytoplasmic preassembly mechanisms of the axonemal dyneins. Differentiation 2011; 83:S23-9. [PMID: 22154137 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Motile cilia and flagella are organelles, which function in cell motility and in the transport of fluids over the surface of cells. Motility defects often result in a rare human disease, primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). Cell motility depends on axonemal dynein, a molecular motor that drives the beating of cilia and flagella. The dyneins are composed of multiple subunits, which are thought to be preassembled in the cytoplasm before they are transported into cilia and flagella. Axonemal dyneins have been extensively studied in Chlamydomonas. In addition, analyses of human PCDs over the past decade, together with studies in other model animals, have identified the conserved components required for dynein assembly. Recently also, the first cytoplasmic component of dynein assembly, kintoun (ktu), was elucidated through the analysis of a medaka mutant in combination with human genetics and cell biology and biochemical studies of Chlamydomonas. The components of dynein and the proteins involved in its cytoplasmic assembly process are discussed.
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Marquis-Nicholson R, Aftimos S, Ashton F, Love JM, Stone P, McFarlane J, George AM, Love DR. Pseudotrisomy 13 syndrome: Use of homozygosity mapping to target candidate genes. Gene 2011; 486:37-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
'Ciliopathies' are an emerging class of genetic multisystemic human disorders that are caused by a multitude of largely unrelated genes that affect ciliary structure/function. They are unified by shared clinical features, such as mental retardation, cystic kidney, retinal defects and polydactyly, and by the common localization of the protein products of these genes at or near the primary cilium of cells. With the realization that many previously disparate conditions are a part of this spectrum of disorders, there has been tremendous interest in the function of cilia in developmental signaling and homeostasis. Ciliopathies are mostly inherited as simple recessive traits, but phenotypic expressivity is under the control of numerous genetic modifiers, putting these conditions at the interface of simple and complex genetics. In this review, we discuss the ever-expanding ciliopathy field, which has three interrelated goals: developing a comprehensive understanding of genes mutated in the ciliopathies and required for ciliogenesis; understanding how the encoded proteins work together in complexes and networks to modulate activity and structure-function relationships; and uncovering signaling pathways and modifier relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Lee
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego 92093-0691, USA.
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47
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Ziętkiewicz E, Nitka B, Voelkel K, Skrzypczak U, Bukowy Z, Rutkiewicz E, Humińska K, Przystałowska H, Pogorzelski A, Witt M. Population specificity of the DNAI1 gene mutation spectrum in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). Respir Res 2010; 11:174. [PMID: 21143860 PMCID: PMC3014902 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-11-174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in the DNAI1 gene, encoding a component of outer dynein arms of the ciliary apparatus, are the second most important genetic cause of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), the genetically heterogeneous recessive disorder with the prevalence of ~1/20,000. The estimates of the DNAI1 involvement in PCD pathogenesis differ among the reported studies, ranging from 4% to 10%. Methods The coding sequence of DNAI1 was screened (SSCP analysis and direct sequencing) in a group of PCD patients (157 families, 185 affected individuals), the first ever studied large cohort of PCD patients of Slavic origin (mostly Polish); multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) analysis was performed in a subset of ~80 families. Results Three previously reported mutations (IVS1+2-3insT, L513P and A538T) and two novel missense substitutions (C388Y and G515S) were identified in 12 families (i.e. ~8% of non-related Polish PCD patients). The structure of background SNP haplotypes indicated common origin of each of the two most frequent mutations, IVS1+2-3insT and A538T. MLPA analysis did not reveal any significant differences between patients and control samples. The Polish cohort was compared with all the previously studied PCD groups (a total of 487 families): IVS1+2-3insT remained the most prevalent pathogenetic change in DNAI1 (54% of the mutations identified worldwide), and the increased global prevalence of A538T (14%) was due to the contribution of the Polish cohort. Conclusions The worldwide involvement of DNAI1 mutations in PCD pathogenesis in families not preselected for ODA defects ranges from 7 to 10%; this global estimate as well as the mutation profile differs in specific populations. Analysis of the background SNP haplotypes suggests that the increased frequency of chromosomes carrying A538T mutations in Polish patients may reflects local (Polish or Slavic) founder effect. Results of the MLPA analysis indicate that no large exonic deletions are involved in PCD pathogenesis.
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McLachlan RI, O'Bryan MK. Clinical Review#: State of the art for genetic testing of infertile men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:1013-24. [PMID: 20089613 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-1925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) now provides fertility in many cases of severe idiopathic spermatogenic failure and obstructive azoospermia. Genetic causes must be sought by systematic evaluation of infertile men and affected couples informed about the implications of such diagnoses for assisted reproductive technology outcome and their potential offspring. This review discusses established and emerging genetic disorders related to fertility practice. Chromosomal anomalies are found in about 7% men with idiopathic spermatogenic failure, predominantly numerical/structural in azoospermic men and translocations/inversions in oligospermic men. Routine karyotyping of men with sperm densities less than 10 million/ml, even in the absence of other clinical presentations, is recommended because infertility is associated with higher rates of aneuploidy in ejaculated or testicular sperm and increased chromosomal defects in ICSI offspring. The long arm of the Y chromosome microdeletions are the most common recognized genetic cause of infertility and are found in about 4% men with sperm densities less than 5 million/ml. Routine testing using strict quality assurance procedures is recommended. Azoospermia factor (AZF)-c deletions, the most common form of the long arm of the Y chromosome microdeletions, are usually associated with low levels of sperm in the ejaculate or in testis biopsies, whereas men with AZFa or AZFb+c deletions usually produce no testicular sperm. When AZF-deleted sperm are available and used for ICSI, fertility defects in male offspring seem inevitable. Bilateral congenital absence of the vas is associated with heterozygosity for cystic fibrosis transmembrane receptor mutations making routine gene screening and genetic counseling of the couple essential. Testing for less common genetic associations/defects linked with different reproductive dysfunction may be applicable to specific patients but have not entered routine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert I McLachlan
- Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Box 5152, Clayton 3168, Australia.
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[Primary ciliary dyskinesia]. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2009; 121:601-3. [PMID: 19921125 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-009-1240-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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50
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Leigh MW, Pittman JE, Carson JL, Ferkol TW, Dell SD, Davis SD, Knowles MR, Zariwala MA. Clinical and genetic aspects of primary ciliary dyskinesia/Kartagener syndrome. Genet Med 2009; 11:473-87. [PMID: 19606528 PMCID: PMC3739704 DOI: 10.1097/gim.0b013e3181a53562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia is a genetically heterogeneous disorder of motile cilia. Most of the disease-causing mutations identified to date involve the heavy (dynein axonemal heavy chain 5) or intermediate(dynein axonemal intermediate chain 1) chain dynein genes in ciliary outer dynein arms, although a few mutations have been noted in other genes. Clinical molecular genetic testing for primary ciliary dyskinesia is available for the most common mutations. The respiratory manifestations of primary ciliary dyskinesia (chronic bronchitis leading to bronchiectasis, chronic rhino-sinusitis, and chronic otitis media)reflect impaired mucociliary clearance owing to defective axonemal structure. Ciliary ultrastructural analysis in most patients (>80%) reveals defective dynein arms, although defects in other axonemal components have also been observed. Approximately 50% of patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia have laterality defects (including situs inversus totalis and, less commonly, heterotaxy, and congenital heart disease),reflecting dysfunction of embryological nodal cilia. Male infertility is common and reflects defects in sperm tail axonemes. Most patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia have a history of neonatal respiratory distress, suggesting that motile cilia play a role in fluid clearance during the transition from a fetal to neonatal lung. Ciliopathies involving sensory cilia, including autosomal dominant or recessive polycystic kidney disease, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, and Alstrom syndrome, may have chronic respiratory symptoms and even bronchiectasis suggesting clinical overlap with primary ciliary dyskinesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret W. Leigh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jessica E. Pittman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Johnny L. Carson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thomas W. Ferkol
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sharon D. Dell
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie D. Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael R. Knowles
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Maimoona A. Zariwala
- Department of Pathology/Lab Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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