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Kasprzak-Drozd K, Niziński P, Hawrył A, Gancarz M, Hawrył D, Oliwa W, Pałka M, Markowska J, Oniszczuk A. Potential of Curcumin in the Management of Skin Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3617. [PMID: 38612433 PMCID: PMC11012053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a polyphenolic molecule derived from the rhizoma of Curcuma longa L. This compound has been used for centuries due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. These make it ideal for preventing and treating skin inflammation, premature skin ageing, psoriasis, and acne. Additionally, it exhibits antiviral, antimutagenic, and antifungal effects. Curcumin provides protection against skin damage caused by prolonged exposure to UVB radiation. It reduces wound healing times and improves collagen deposition. Moreover, it increases fibroblast and vascular density in wounds. This review summarizes the available information on the therapeutic effect of curcumin in treating skin diseases. The results suggest that curcumin may be an inexpensive, well-tolerated, and effective agent for treating skin diseases. However, larger clinical trials are needed to confirm these observations due to limitations in its in vivo use, such as low bioavailability after oral administration and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Kasprzak-Drozd
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.-D.); (A.H.)
| | - Przemysław Niziński
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Anna Hawrył
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.-D.); (A.H.)
| | - Marek Gancarz
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland;
- Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 116B, 30-149 Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Weronika Oliwa
- Science Circle of the Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (W.O.); (M.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Magdalena Pałka
- Science Circle of the Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (W.O.); (M.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Julia Markowska
- Science Circle of the Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (W.O.); (M.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Anna Oniszczuk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.-D.); (A.H.)
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Islam MR, Rauf A, Akash S, Trisha SI, Nasim AH, Akter M, Dhar PS, Ogaly HA, Hemeg HA, Wilairatana P, Thiruvengadam M. Targeted therapies of curcumin focus on its therapeutic benefits in cancers and human health: Molecular signaling pathway-based approaches and future perspectives. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116034. [PMID: 38141282 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The curry powder spices turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), which contains curcumin (diferuloylmethane), an orange-yellow chemical. Polyphenols are the most commonly used sources of curcumin. It combats oxidative stress and inflammation in diseases, such as hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome, arthritis, and depression. Most of these benefits are due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Curcumin consumption leads to decreased bioavailability, resulting in limited absorption, quick metabolism, and quick excretion, which hinders health improvement. Numerous factors can increase its bioavailability. Piperine enhances bioavailability when combined with curcumin in a complex. When combined with other enhancing agents, curcumin has a wide spectrum of health benefits. This review evaluates the therapeutic potential of curcumin with a specific emphasis on its approach based on molecular signaling pathways. This study investigated its influence on the progression of cancer, inflammation, and many health-related mechanisms, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. Curcumin has a significant potential for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Curcumin modulates several biochemical pathways and targets involved in cancer growth. Despite its limited tissue accumulation and bioavailability when administered orally, curcumin has proven useful. This review provides an in-depth analysis of curcumin's therapeutic applications, its molecular signaling pathway-based approach, and its potential for precision medicine in cancer and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar 23561, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Shopnil Akash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Sadiya Islam Trisha
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Akram Hossain Nasim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Muniya Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Puja Sutro Dhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Hanan A Ogaly
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Hemeg
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Medinah Al-Monawara, Saudi Arabia
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India.
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Chamani S, Moossavi M, Naghizadeh A, Abbasifard M, Majeed M, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Immunomodulatory effects of curcumin in systemic autoimmune diseases. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1616-1632. [PMID: 35302258 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Systemic autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus represent various autoimmune conditions identified by immune system dysregulation. The activation of immune cells, auto-antigen outbreak, inflammation, and multi-organ impairment is observed in these disorders. The immune system is an essential complex network of cells and chemical mediators which defends the organism's integrity against foreign microorganisms, and its precise operation and stability are compulsory to avoid a wide range of medical complications. Curcumin is a phenolic ingredient extracted from turmeric and belongs to the Zingiberaceae, or ginger family. Curcumin has multiple functions, such as inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress, tumor cell proliferation, cell death, and infection. Nevertheless, the immunomodulatory influence of curcumin on immunological reactions/processes remains mostly unknown. In the present narrative review, we sought to provide current information concerning the preclinical and clinical uses of curcumin in systemic autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Chamani
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Maryam Moossavi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Ali Naghizadeh
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran
| | - Mitra Abbasifard
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Muhammed Majeed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Gunathilake TMSU, Ching YC, Uyama H, Hai ND, Chuah CH. Enhanced curcumin loaded nanocellulose: a possible inhalable nanotherapeutic to treat COVID-19. CELLULOSE (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 29:1821-1840. [PMID: 35002106 PMCID: PMC8725427 DOI: 10.1007/s10570-021-04391-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/curcumin (CNC/PVA/curcumin) nanoparticles with enhanced drug loading properties were developed by the dispersion of nanocellulose in curcumin/polyvinyl alcohol aqueous medium. Due to the physical and chemical nature of sulphuric acid hydrolyzed nanocellulose and the antiviral properties of curcumin, the possibility of using these nanoparticles as an inhalable nanotherapeutic for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is discussed. The adsorption of curcumin and PVA into nanocellulose, and the presence of anionic sulphate groups, which is important for the interaction with viral glycoproteins were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. FESEM images showed that the diameter of nanocellulose ranged from 50 to 100 nm, which is closer to the diameter (60-140 nm) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The solubility of poorly water-soluble curcumin was increased from 40.58 ± 1.42 to 313.61 ± 1.05 mg/L with increasing the PVA concentration from 0.05 to 0.8% (w/v) in aqueous medium. This is a significant increase in the solubility compared to curcumin's solubility in carboxymethyl cellulose medium in our previous study. The drug loading capacity increased by 22-fold with the addition of 0.8% PVA to the nanocellulose dispersed curcumin solution. The highest drug release increased from 1.25 ± 0.15 mg/L to 17.11 ± 0.22 mg/L with increasing the PVA concentration from 0 to 0.8% in the drug-loaded medium. Future studies of this material will be based on the antiviral efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 and cell cytotoxicity studies. Due to the particulate nature, morphology and size of SARS-CoV-2, nanoparticle-based strategies offer a strong approach to tackling this virus. Hence, we believe that the enhanced loading of curcumin in nanocellulose will provide a promising nano-based solution for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thennakoon M. Sampath U. Gunathilake
- Centre of Advanced Materials (CAM), Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yern Chee Ching
- Centre of Advanced Materials (CAM), Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hiroshi Uyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nguyen Dai Hai
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy Science and Technology, 01 TL29, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000 Vietnam
| | - Cheng Hock Chuah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Sohn SI, Priya A, Balasubramaniam B, Muthuramalingam P, Sivasankar C, Selvaraj A, Valliammai A, Jothi R, Pandian S. Biomedical Applications and Bioavailability of Curcumin-An Updated Overview. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2102. [PMID: 34959384 PMCID: PMC8703330 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, a yellow-colored molecule derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa, has been identified as the bioactive compound responsible for numerous pharmacological activities of turmeric, including anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, etc. Nevertheless, the clinical application of curcumin is inadequate due to its low solubility, poor absorption, rapid metabolism and elimination. Advancements in recent research have shown several components and techniques to increase the bioavailability of curcumin. Combining with adjuvants, encapsulating in carriers and formulating in nanoforms, in combination with other bioactive agents, synthetic derivatives and structural analogs of curcumin, have shown increased efficiency and bioavailability, thereby augmenting the range of applications of curcumin. The scope for incorporating biotechnology and nanotechnology in amending the current drawbacks would help in expanding the biomedical applications and clinical efficacy of curcumin. Therefore, in this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the plethora of therapeutic potentials of curcumin, their drawbacks in efficient clinical applications and the recent advancements in improving curcumin's bioavailability for effective use in various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-In Sohn
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Arumugam Priya
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, India; (A.P.); (P.M.); (R.J.)
| | | | - Pandiyan Muthuramalingam
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, India; (A.P.); (P.M.); (R.J.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore 641062, India
| | - Chandran Sivasankar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605014, India;
| | - Anthonymuthu Selvaraj
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Alaguvel Valliammai
- Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba 84990, Israel;
| | - Ravi Jothi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, India; (A.P.); (P.M.); (R.J.)
| | - Subramani Pandian
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea
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6
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Assar S, Khazaei H, Naseri M, El-Senduny F, Momtaz S, Farzaei MH, Echeverría J. Natural Formulations: Novel Viewpoint for Scleroderma Adjunct Treatment. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:9920416. [PMID: 34258301 PMCID: PMC8253639 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9920416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scleroderma is a complex disease involving autoimmune, vascular, and connective tissues, with unknown etiology that can progress through any organ systems. OBJECTIVE Yet, no cure is available; the thorough treatment of scleroderma and current treatments are based on controlling inflammation. Nowadays, medicinal plants/natural-based formulations are emerging as important regulators of many diseases, including autoimmune diseases. Here, we provided an overview of scleroderma, also focused on recent studies on medicinal plants/natural-based formulations that are beneficial in scleroderma treatment/prevention. METHODS This study is the result of a search in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library with "scleroderma", "systemic sclerosis", "plant", "herb", and "phytochemical" keywords. Finally, 22 articles were selected from a total of 1513 results entered in this study. RESULTS Natural products can modulate the inflammatory and/or oxidative mediators, regulate the production or function of the immune cells, and control the collagen synthesis, thereby attenuating the experimental and clinical manifestation of the disease. CONCLUSION Natural compounds can be considered an adjunct treatment for scleroderma to improve the quality of life of patients suffering from this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Assar
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hosna Khazaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Maryam Naseri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Fardous El-Senduny
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
- Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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The Potential Effects of Curcumin on Pulmonary Fibroblasts of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)-Approaching with Next-Generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225458. [PMID: 33233354 PMCID: PMC7700625 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive interstitial lung disease. Currently, therapeutic options are limited for this fatal disease. Curcumin, with its pleiotropic effects, has been studied for its potential therapeutic utilities in various diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis. However, the detailed mechanisms have not been studied comprehensively. We conducted a next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics study to investigate changes in the profiles of mRNA and microRNA after curcumin treatment in IPF fibroblasts. We identified 23 downregulated and 8 upregulated protein-coding genes in curcumin-treated IPF fibroblasts. Using STRING and IPA, we identified that suppression of cell cycle progression was the main cellular function associated with these differentially expressed genes. We also identified 13 downregulated and 57 upregulated microRNAs in curcumin-treated IPF fibroblasts. Further analysis identified a potential microRNA-mediated gene expression alteration in curcumin-treated IPF fibroblasts, namely, downregulated hsa-miR-6724-5p and upregulated KLF10. Therefore, curcumin might decrease the level of hsa-miR-6724-5p, leading to increased KLF10 expression, resulting in cell cycle arrest in curcumin-treated IPF fibroblasts. In conclusion, our findings might support the potential role of curcumin in the treatment of IPF, but further in-depth study is warranted to confirm our findings.
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Zahedipour F, Hosseini SA, Sathyapalan T, Majeed M, Jamialahmadi T, Al-Rasadi K, Banach M, Sahebkar A. Potential effects of curcumin in the treatment of COVID-19 infection. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2911-2920. [PMID: 32430996 PMCID: PMC7276879 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is an ongoing pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with considerable mortality worldwide. The main clinical manifestation of COVID-19 is the presence of respiratory symptoms, but some patients develop severe cardiovascular and renal complications. There is an urgency to understand the mechanism by which this virus causes complications so as to develop treatment options. Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound, could be a potential treatment option for patients with coronavirus disease. In this study, we review some of the potential effects of curcumin such as inhibiting the entry of virus to the cell, inhibiting encapsulation of the virus and viral protease, as well as modulating various cellular signaling pathways. This review provides a basis for further research and development of clinical applications of curcumin for the treatment of newly emerged SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Zahedipour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyede Atefe Hosseini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, HU3 2JZ, UK
| | | | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 9177948564, Iran.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalid Al-Rasadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland.,Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Ahmad R, Khan MA, Srivastava A, Gupta A, Srivastava A, Jafri TR, Siddiqui Z, Chaubey S, Khan T, Srivastava AK. Anticancer Potential of Dietary Natural Products: A Comprehensive Review. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:122-236. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666191015103712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nature is a rich source of natural drug-like compounds with minimal side effects. Phytochemicals
better known as “Natural Products” are found abundantly in a number of plants. Since time immemorial, spices
have been widely used in Indian cuisine as flavoring and coloring agents. Most of these spices and condiments
are derived from various biodiversity hotspots in India (which contribute 75% of global spice production) and
form the crux of India’s multidiverse and multicultural cuisine. Apart from their aroma, flavor and taste, these
spices and condiments are known to possess several medicinal properties also. Most of these spices are mentioned
in the Ayurveda, the indigenous system of medicine. The antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiproliferative,
antihypertensive and antidiabetic properties of several of these natural products are well documented in
Ayurveda. These phytoconstituemts are known to act as functional immunoboosters, immunomodulators as well
as anti-inflammatory agents. As anticancer agents, their mechanistic action involves cancer cell death via induction
of apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. The present review provides a comprehensive and collective update
on the potential of 66 commonly used spices as well as their bioactive constituents as anticancer agents. The
review also provides an in-depth update of all major in vitro, in vivo, clinical and pharmacological studies done
on these spices with special emphasis on the potential of these spices and their bioactive constituents as potential
functional foods for prevention, treatment and management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumana Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Mohsin A. Khan
- Chancellor, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Hardoi Road, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - A.N. Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Anamika Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Aditi Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Tanvir R. Jafri
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Zainab Siddiqui
- Department of Pathology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Sunaina Chaubey
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Tahmeena Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Integral University, Dasauli, P.O. Bas-ha, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, UP, India
| | - Arvind K. Srivastava
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
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10
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Wal P, Saraswat N, Pal RS, Wal A, Chaubey M. A Detailed Insight of the Anti-inflammatory Effects of Curcumin with the Assessment of Parameters, Sources of ROS and Associated Mechanisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874220301906010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background:Curcumin is an active constituent ofCurcuma longa,which belongs to Zingiberaceae family. It is derived from the Rhizome of a perennial plant having molecular formula C21H20O6and chemically it is (1, 7- bis (4- hydroxy - 3 methoxyphenyl) -1, 6 - heptadine - 3, 5 - diene), also known as diferuloylmethane. Curcumin has been extensively used as a herbal constituent for curing several diseases and is scientifically proven to show major effects as an anti-inflammatory agent.Objective:Inflammation is an important factor for numerous diseases including diabetes neuropathy, cancer, asthma, arthritis, and other diseases. Prophylaxis of inflammatory diseases through synthetic medications tends to have major toxicity and side effects on a large number of population. The foremost aim of this review paper is to assess the natural anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin, source, and mechanism of action, potential therapeutic effect and models associated. Additionally, this paper aims to scrutinize inflammation, sources of reactive oxygen species, and pathways of reactive oxygen species generation and potential side effects of curcumin.Methods:Selection of data has been done by studying the combination of research and review papers from different databases like PubMed, Medline and Web of science from the year 1985- 2018 by using search keywords like “curcumin”, “anti-inflammatory”, “ROS”, “Curcuma longa”, “medicinal uses of curcumin”, “assessing parameters”, “inflammation”, “anti-oxidant”Results:On the basis of our interpretation, we have concluded that curcumin has potential therapeutic effects in different inflammatory diseases, it inhibits the inflammatory mediators, oxidation processes, and oxidative stress and has no severe toxicity on animals and humans.Conclusion:Oxidative stress is a major cause of inflammation and curcumin has a good potential for blocking it. Curcumin is also easily accessible herbal source and should be consumed in the form of food, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory agents and further observation should be done on its therapeutic parameters, risk factors, and toxicity studies and oral viability.
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Jain R, Tiwari A. Synthetic curcumin: A biological monograph. JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH IN SCIENTIFIC MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jcrsm.jcrsm_19_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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12
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Ames PRJ, Bucci T, Merashli M, Amaral M, Arcaro A, Gentile F, Nourooz-Zadeh J, DelgadoAlves J. Oxidative/nitrative stress in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis: are antioxidants beneficial? Free Radic Res 2018; 52:1063-1082. [PMID: 30226391 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1525712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem autoimmune disease: characterised from the clinical side by progressive vasculopathy and fibrosis of the skin and different organs and from the biochemical side by fibroblast deregulation with excessive production of collagen and increased expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4). The latter contributes to an overproduction of reactive oxygen species that through an autocrine loop maintains NOX4 in a state of activation. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are implicated in the origin and perpetuation of several clinical manifestations of SSc having vascular damage in common; attempts to dampen oxidative and nitrative stress through different agents with antioxidant properties have not translated into a sustained clinical benefit. Objective of this narrative review is to describe the origin and clinical implications of oxidative and nitrative stress in SSc, with particular focus on the central role of NOX4 and its interactions, to re-evaluate the antioxidant approaches so far used to limit disease progression, to appraise the complexity of antioxidant treatment and to touch on novel pathways elements of which may represent specific treatment targets in the not so distant future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R J Ames
- a Immune Response and Vascular Disease Unit , CEDOC, Nova University , Lisboa , Portugal.,b Department of Haematology , Dumfries Royal Infirmary , Dumfries , UK
| | - Tommaso Bucci
- c Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Salerno , Baronissi , Italy
| | - Mira Merashli
- d Department of Rheumatology , American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Marta Amaral
- a Immune Response and Vascular Disease Unit , CEDOC, Nova University , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Alessia Arcaro
- e Department of Medicine & Health Sciences , Universita' del Molise , Campobasso , Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gentile
- e Department of Medicine & Health Sciences , Universita' del Molise , Campobasso , Italy
| | - Jaffar Nourooz-Zadeh
- f Nephrology & Kidney Transplantation Research Center , Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia , Iran
| | - Jose DelgadoAlves
- a Immune Response and Vascular Disease Unit , CEDOC, Nova University , Lisboa , Portugal.,g Immunomediated Systemic Diseases Unit, Medicine 4 , Hospital Fernando Fonseca , Amadora , Portugal
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Denton CP, Ong VH, Xu S, Chen-Harris H, Modrusan Z, Lafyatis R, Khanna D, Jahreis A, Siegel J, Sornasse T. Therapeutic interleukin-6 blockade reverses transforming growth factor-beta pathway activation in dermal fibroblasts: insights from the faSScinate clinical trial in systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2018; 77:1362-1371. [PMID: 29853453 PMCID: PMC6104680 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-213031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Skin fibrosis mediated by activated dermal fibroblasts is a hallmark of systemic sclerosis (SSc), especially in the subset of patients with diffuse disease. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are key candidate mediators in SSc. Our aim was to elucidate the specific effect of IL-6 pathway blockade on the biology of SSc fibroblasts in vivo by using samples from a unique clinical experiment—the faSScinate study—in which patients with SSc were treated for 24 weeks with tocilizumab (TCZ), an IL-6 receptor-α inhibitor. Methods We analysed the molecular, functional and genomic characteristics of explant fibroblasts cultured from matched skin biopsy samples collected at baseline and at week 24 from 12 patients receiving placebo (n=6) or TCZ (n=6) and compared these with matched healthy control fibroblast strains. Results The hallmark functional and molecular-activated phenotype was defined in SSc samples and was stable over 24 weeks in placebo-treated cases. RNA sequencing analysis robustly defined key dysregulated pathways likely to drive SSc fibroblast activation in vivo. Treatment with TCZ for 24 weeks profoundly altered the biological characteristics of explant dermal fibroblasts by normalising functional properties and reversing gene expression profiles dominated by TGFβ-regulated genes and molecular pathways. Conclusions We demonstrated the exceptional value of using explant dermal fibroblast cultures from a well-designed trial in SSc to provide a molecular framework linking IL-6 to key profibrotic pathways. The profound impact of IL-6R blockade on the activated fibroblast phenotype highlights the potential of IL-6 as a therapeutic target in SSc and other fibrotic diseases. Trial registration number NCT01532869; Post-results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Voon H Ong
- Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, UK
| | - Shiwen Xu
- Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Robert Lafyatis
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dinesh Khanna
- University of Michigan Scleroderma Program, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Palizgir MT, Akhtari M, Mahmoudi M, Mostafaei S, Rezaiemanesh A, Shahram F. Curcumin reduces the expression of interleukin 1β and the production of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha by M1 macrophages from patients with Behcet's disease. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2018; 40:297-302. [DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2018.1474921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Akhtari
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shayan Mostafaei
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Rezaiemanesh
- Department of Immunology School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farhad Shahram
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wang LY, Diao ZL, Zheng JF, Wu YR, Zhang QD, Liu WH. Apelin attenuates TGF-β1-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition via activation of PKC-ε in human renal tubular epithelial cells. Peptides 2017; 96:44-52. [PMID: 28847490 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process whereby fully differentiated epithelial cells transition to a mesenchymal phenotype, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. Apelin, a bioactive peptide, has recently been recognized to protect against renal profibrotic activity, but the underlying mechanism has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the regulation of EMT in the presence of apelin-13 in vitro. Expression of the mesenchymal marker alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and the epithelial marker E-cadherin was examined by immunofluorescence and western blotting in transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)-stimulated human proximal tubular epithelial cells. Expression of extracellular matrix, fibronectin and collagen-I was examined by quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA. F13A, an antagonist of the apelin receptor APJ, and small interfering RNA targeting protein kinase C epsilon (PKC-ε) were used to explore the relevant signaling pathways. Apelin attenuated TGF-β1-induced EMT, and inhibited the EMT-associated increase in α-SMA, loss of E-cadherin, and secretion of extracellular matrix. Moreover, apelin activated PKC-ε in tubular epithelial cells, which in turn decreased phospho-Smad2/3 levels and increased Smad-7 levels. APJ inhibition or PKC-ε deletion diminished apelin-induced modulation of Smad signaling and suppression of tubular EMT. Our findings identify a novel PKC-ε-dependent mechanism in which apelin suppresses TGF-β1-mediated activation of Smad signaling pathways and thereby inhibits tubular EMT. These results suggest that apelin may be a new agent that can suppress renal fibrosis and retard chronic kidney disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zong-Li Diao
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jun-Fang Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yi-Ru Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qi-Dong Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wen-Hu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
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Ooko E, Kadioglu O, Greten HJ, Efferth T. Pharmacogenomic Characterization and Isobologram Analysis of the Combination of Ascorbic Acid and Curcumin-Two Main Metabolites of Curcuma longa-in Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:38. [PMID: 28210221 PMCID: PMC5288649 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcuma longa has long been used in China and India as anti-inflammatory agent to treat a wide variety of conditions and also as a spice for varied curry preparations. The chemoprofile of the Curcuma species exhibits the presence of varied phytochemicals with curcumin being present in all three species but AA only being shown in C. longa. This study explored the effect of a curcumin/AA combination on human cancer cell lines. The curcumin/AA combination was assessed by isobologram analysis using the Loewe additivity drug interaction model. The drug combination showed additive cytotoxicity toward CCRF-CEM and CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cell lines and HCT116p53+/+ and HCT116p53−/− colon cancer cell line, while the glioblastoma cell lines U87MG and U87MG.ΔEGFR showed additive to supra-additive cytotoxicity. Gene expression profiles predicting sensitivity and resistance of tumor cells to induction by curcumin and AA were determined by microarray-based mRNA expressions, COMPARE, and hierarchical cluster analyses. Numerous genes involved in transcription (TFAM, TCERG1, RGS13, C11orf31), apoptosis-regulation (CRADD, CDK7, CDK19, CD81, TOM1) signal transduction (NR1D2, HMGN1, ABCA1, DE4ND4B, TRIM27) DNA repair (TOPBP1, RPA2), mRNA metabolism (RBBP4, HNRNPR, SRSF4, NR2F2, PDK1, TGM2), and transporter genes (ABCA1) correlated with cellular responsiveness to curcumin and ascorbic acid. In conclusion, this study shows the effect of the curcumin/AA combination and identifies several candidate genes that may regulate the response of varied cancer cells to curcumin and AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna Ooko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Onat Kadioglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Henry J Greten
- Heidelberg School of Chinese MedicineHeidelberg, Germany; Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of PortoPorto, Portugal
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
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17
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van Bon L, Cossu M, Scharstuhl A, Pennings BWC, Vonk MC, Vreman HJ, Lafyatis RL, van den Berg W, Wagener FADTG, Radstake TRDJ. Low heme oxygenase-1 levels in patients with systemic sclerosis are associated with an altered Toll-like receptor response: another role for CXCL4? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2016; 55:2066-2073. [PMID: 27411481 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE SSc is a disease characterized by inflammation and fibrosis. Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a haem-degrading enzyme that mediates resolution of inflammation and is induced upon mediators abundantly present in SSc. We aimed to assess whether HO-1 expression/function is disturbed in SSc patients and could therefore be contributing to the ongoing inflammation. METHODS In total, 92 SSc patients and 48 healthy controls were included. By measuring total bilirubin in plasma in vivo, HO-activity was assessed. HO-1 expression levels were determined with western blot in monocytes before and after induction of HO-1 with cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) with or without CXCL4. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) were stimulated with several Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands with or without pre-stimulation with CoPP for 24 h. Cytokine levels were measured in the supernatants using the Luminex Bead Array. RESULTS SSc patients have lower plasma levels of bilirubin, suggestive of an aberrant HO-1 function. We demonstrated low HO-1 expression in immune cells from SSc patients, whereas induction with CoPP was able to restore HO-1 levels in DCs from SSc patients, almost normalizing the increased TLR response observed in SSc. Co-exposure to CXCL4 completely abrogated CoPP-induced HO-1 expression, suggesting that the high CXCL4 levels present in SSc patients block the normal induction of HO-1 and its function. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that HO activity in SSc patients is decreased and show its functional consequences. Since CXCL4 blocks the induction of HO-1 expression, neutralization of CXCL4 in SSc patients could have clinical benefits by diminishing overactivation of immune cells and other anti-inflammatory effects of HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenny van Bon
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht.,Department of Rheumatology
| | - Marta Cossu
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht
| | - Alwin Scharstuhl
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bas W C Pennings
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hendrik J Vreman
- Neonatal and Developmental Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Robert L Lafyatis
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | | | - Frank A D T G Wagener
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy R D J Radstake
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht .,Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
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Curcumin and inflammatory bowel disease: potential and limits of innovative treatments. Molecules 2014; 19:21127-53. [PMID: 25521115 PMCID: PMC6271352 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191221127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin belongs to the family of natural compounds collectively called curcuminoids and it possesses remarkable beneficial anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and neuroprotective properties. Moreover it is commonly assumed that curcumin has also been suggested as a remedy for digestive diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), a chronic immune disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract and that can be divided in two major subgroups: Crohn’s disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC), depending mainly on the intestine tract affected by the inflammatory events. The chronic and intermittent nature of IBD imposes, where applicable, long-term treatments conducted in most of the cases combining different types of drugs. In more severe cases and where there has been no good response to the drugs, a surgery therapy is carried out. Currently, IBD-pharmacological treatments are generally not curative and often present serious side effects; for this reason, being known the relationship between nutrition and IBD, it is worthy of interesting the study and the development of new dietary strategy. The curcumin principal mechanism is the suppression of IBD inflammatory compounds (NF-κB) modulating immune response. This review summarizes literature data of curcumin as anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant in IBD, trying to understand the different effects in CD e UC.
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Curcumin: a potential candidate in prevention of cancer via modulation of molecular pathways. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:761608. [PMID: 25295272 PMCID: PMC4176907 DOI: 10.1155/2014/761608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the most dreadful disease worldwide in terms of morbidity and mortality. The exact cause of cancer development and progression is not fully known. But it is thought that cancer occurs due to the structural and functional changes in the genes. The current approach to cancer treatment based on allopathic is expensive, exhibits side effects; and may also alter the normal functioning of genes. Thus, a safe and effective mode of treatment is needed to control the cancer development and progression. Some medicinal plants provide a safe, effective and affordable remedy to control the progression of malignant cells. The importance of medicinal plants and their constituents has been documented in Ayurveda, Unani medicine, and various religious books. Curcumin, a vital constituent of the spice turmeric, is an alternative approach in the prevention of cancer. Earlier studies have shown the effect of curcumin as an antioxidant, antibacterial, antitumor and it also has a noteworthy role in the control of different diseases. In this review, we summarize the understanding of chemopreventive effects of curcumin in the prevention of cancer via the regulation of various cell signaling and genetic pathways.
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Howells LM, Mahale J, Sale S, McVeigh L, Steward WP, Thomas A, Brown K. Translating Curcumin to the Clinic for Lung Cancer Prevention: Evaluation of the Preclinical Evidence for Its Utility in Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Prevention Strategies. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 350:483-94. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.216333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Karavana VN, Gakiopoulou H, Lianos EA. Expression of Ser729 phosphorylated PKCepsilon in experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis: an immunohistochemical study. Eur J Histochem 2014; 58:2308. [PMID: 24998921 PMCID: PMC4083321 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2014.2308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PKCε, a DAG-dependent, Ca2+- independent kinase attenuates extent of fibrosis following tissue injury, suppresses apoptosis and promotes cell quiescence. In crescentic glomerulonephritis (CGN), glomerular epithelial cells (GEC) contribute to fibro-cellular crescent formation while they also transdifferentiate to a mesenchymal phenotype. The aim of this study was to assess PKCε expression in CGN. Using an antibody against PKC-ε phosphorylated at Ser729, we assessed its localization in rat model of immune-mediated rapidly progressive CGN. In glomeruli of control animals, pPKCε was undetectable. In animals with CGN, pPKCε was expressed exclusively in glomerular epithelial cells (GEC) and in GEC comprising fibrocellular crescents that had acquired a myofibroblast-type phenotype. In non-immune GEC injury induced by puromycin aminonucleoside and resulting in proteinuria of similar magnitude as in CGN, pPKCε expression was absent. There was constitutive pPKCε expression in distal convoluted tubules, collecting ducts and thick segments of Henley's loops in both control and experimental animals. We propose that pPKCε expression occurring in GEC and in fibrocellular crescentic lesions in CGN may facilitate PKCε dependent pathologic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V N Karavana
- 1st Intensive Care Clinic, "Evangelismos" Hospital.
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Avasarala S, Zhang F, Liu G, Wang R, London SD, London L. Curcumin modulates the inflammatory response and inhibits subsequent fibrosis in a mouse model of viral-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57285. [PMID: 23437361 PMCID: PMC3577717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a clinical syndrome characterized by diffuse alveolar damage usually secondary to an intense host inflammatory response of the lung to a pulmonary or extrapulmonary infectious or non-infectious insult often leading to the development of intra-alveolar and interstitial fibrosis. Curcumin, the principal curcumoid of the popular Indian spice turmeric, has been demonstrated as an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent in a broad spectrum of diseases. Using our well-established model of reovirus 1/L-induced acute viral pneumonia, which displays many of the characteristics of the human ALI/ARDS, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of curcumin. Female CBA/J mice were treated with curcumin (50 mg/kg) 5 days prior to intranasal inoculation with 10(7)pfu reovirus 1/L and daily, thereafter. Mice were evaluated for key features associated with ALI/ARDS. Administration of curcumin significantly modulated inflammation and fibrosis, as revealed by histological and biochemical analysis. The expression of IL-6, IL-10, IFNγ, and MCP-1, key chemokines/cytokines implicated in the development of ALI/ARDS, from both the inflammatory infiltrate and whole lung tissue were modulated by curcumin potentially through a reduction in the phosphorylated form of NFκB p65. While the expression of TGFß1 was not modulated by curcumin, TGFß Receptor II, which is required for TGFß signaling, was significantly reduced. In addition, curcumin also significantly inhibited the expression of α-smooth muscle actin and Tenascin-C, key markers of myofibroblast activation. This data strongly supports a role for curcumin in modulating the pathogenesis of viral-induced ALI/ARDS in a pre-clinical model potentially manifested through the alteration of inflammation and myofibroblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreedevi Avasarala
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Guangliang Liu
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Ruixue Wang
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Steven D. London
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Lucille London
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a yellow coloring agent extracted from turmeric is also used as a remedy for the treatment and prevention of inflammatory diseases. Acute and chronic inflammation is a major factor in the progression of obesity, type II diabetes, arthritis, pancreatitis, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases, as well as certain types of cancer. Turmeric has a long history of use in Ayurvedic medicine for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. Recent studies on the efficacy and therapeutic applicability of turmeric have suggested that the active ingredient of tumeric is curcumin. Further, compelling evidence has shown that curcumin has the ability to inhibit inflammatory cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis through multiple molecular targets and mechanisms of action. Curcumin is safe, non-toxic, and mediates its anti-inflammatory effects through the down-regulation of inflammatory transcription factors, cytokines, redox status, protein kinases, and enzymes that all promote inflammation. In addition, curcumin induces apoptosis through mitochondrial and receptor-mediated pathways, as well as activation of caspase cascades. In the current study, the anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin were evaluated relative to various chronic inflammatory diseases. Based on the available pharmacological data obtained from in vitro and in vivo research, as well as clinical trials, an opportunity exists to translate curcumin into clinics for the prevention of inflammatory diseases in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeeb Shehzad
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
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Effects of curcumin on bleomycin-induced apoptosis in human malignant testicular germ cells. J Physiol Biochem 2012; 69:289-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-012-0211-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Mohanty C, Das M, Sahoo SK. Emerging role of nanocarriers to increase the solubility and bioavailability of curcumin. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012; 9:1347-64. [PMID: 22971222 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2012.724676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Curcumin is a safe, affordable and natural bioactive molecule of turmeric (Curcuma longa). It has gained considerable attention in recent years for its multiple pharmacological activities. However, its optimum pharmaceutical potential has been limited by its lack of aqueous solubility and poor bioavailability. To mitigate the above limitations, recently various nanostructured water-soluble delivery systems were developed to increase the solubility and bioavailability of curcumin. AREAS COVERED Major reasons contributing to the low bioavailability of curcumin appear to be owing to its poor solubility, low absorption, rapid metabolism and rapid systemic elimination. The present review summarizes the strategies using curcumin in various nanocarrier delivery systems to overcome poor solubility and inconsistent bioavailability of curcumin and describes the current status and challenges for the future. EXPERT OPINION The development of various drug delivery systems to deliver curcumin will certainly provide a step up towards augmenting the therapeutic activity of curcumin thereby increasing the solubility and bioavailability of curcumin. However, the future of such delivery technology will be highly dependent on the development of safe, non-toxic and non-immunogenic nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandana Mohanty
- Institute of Life Sciences, Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, 751023, India
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Tamassia N, Bazzoni F, Le Moigne V, Calzetti F, Masala C, Grisendi G, Bussmeyer U, Scutera S, De Gironcoli M, Costantini C, Musso T, Cassatella MA. IFN-β expression is directly activated in human neutrophils transfected with plasmid DNA and is further increased via TLR-4-mediated signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:1500-9. [PMID: 22730532 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Upon LPS binding, TLR4 activates a MyD88-dependent pathway leading to the transcriptional activation of proinflammatory genes, as well as a MyD88-independent/TRIF-dependent pathway, responsible for the transcriptional induction of IFN-β. Previous findings delineated that human neutrophils are unable to induce the transcription of IFN-β in response to TLR4 stimulation. Because neutrophils do not express protein kinase C ε, a molecule recently reported as essential for initiating the MyD88-independent/TRIF-dependent pathway, we optimized an electroporation method to transfect PKCε into neutrophils with very high efficiency. By doing so, a significant IFN-β mRNA expression was induced, in the absence of LPS stimulation, not only in PKCε-overexpressing neutrophils but also in cells transfected with a series of empty DNA plasmids; however, LPS further upregulated the IFN-β transcript levels in plasmid-transfected neutrophils, regardless of PKCε overexpression. Phosphoimmunoblotting studies, as well as chromatin immunoprecipitation assays targeting the IFN-β promoter, revealed that IFN-β mRNA induction occurred through the cooperative action of IRF3, activated by transfected DNA, and NF-κB, activated by LPS. Additional immunoblotting and coimmunoprecipitation studies revealed that neutrophils constitutively express various cytosolic DNA sensors, including IFN-inducible protein 16, leucine-rich repeat (in Flightless I) interacting protein-1, and DDX41, as well as that IFN-inducible protein 16 is the intracellular receptor recognizing transfected DNA. Consistently, infection of neutrophils with intracellular pathogens, such as Bartonella henselae, Listeria monocytogenes, Legionella pneumophila, or adenovirus type 5, promoted a marked induction of IFN-β mRNA expression. Taken together, these data raise questions about the role of PKCε in driving the MyD88-independent/TRIF-dependent response and indicate that human neutrophils are able to recognize and respond to microbial cytosolic DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Tamassia
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
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Patra D, Barakat C, Tafech RM. Study on effect of lipophilic curcumin on sub-domain IIA site of human serum albumin during unfolded and refolded states: A synchronous fluorescence spectroscopic study. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 94:354-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Patra D, Barakat C. Time-resolved fluorescence study during denaturation and renaturation of curcumin–myoglobin complex. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 50:885-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Barakat C, Patra D. Combining time-resolved fluorescence with synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy to study bovine serum albumin-curcumin complex during unfolding and refolding processes. LUMINESCENCE 2012; 28:149-55. [PMID: 22311564 DOI: 10.1002/bio.2354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the complex interaction between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and curcumin by combining time-resolved fluorescence and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy. The interaction was significant and sensitive to fluorescence lifetime and synchronous fluorescence characteristics. Binding of curcumin significantly shortened the fluorescence lifetime of BSA with a bi-molecular quenching rate constant of k(q) = 3.17 × 10(12) M(-1) s(-1). Denaturation by urea unfolded the protein molecule by quenching the fluorescence lifetime of BSA. The tyrosine synchronous fluorescence spectra were blue shifted whereas the position of tryptophan synchronous fluorescence spectra was red shifted during the unfolding process. However, denaturation of urea had little effect on the synchronous fluorescence peak of tyrosine in curcumin-BSA complex except in the low concentration range; however, it shifted the peak to the red, indicating that curcumin shifted tryptophan moiety to a more polar environment in the unfolded state. Decreases in the time-resolved fluorescence lifetime and curcumin-BSA complex during unfolding were recovered during refolding of BSA by a dilution process, suggesting partial reversibility of the unfolding process for both BSA and curcumin-BSA complex.
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Patra D, El Khoury E, Ahmadieh D, Darwish S, Tafech RM. Effect of Curcumin on Liposome: Curcumin as a Molecular Probe for Monitoring Interaction of Ionic Liquids with 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine Liposome. Photochem Photobiol 2012; 88:317-27. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.01067.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Zhang D, Huang C, Yang C, Liu RJ, Wang J, Niu J, Brömme D. Antifibrotic effects of curcumin are associated with overexpression of cathepsins K and L in bleomycin treated mice and human fibroblasts. Respir Res 2011; 12:154. [PMID: 22126332 PMCID: PMC3260240 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-12-154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung fibrosis is characterized by fibroblast proliferation and the deposition of collagens. Curcumin, a polyphenol antioxidant from the spice tumeric, has been shown to effectively counteract fibroblast proliferation and reducing inflammation and fibrotic progression in animal models of bleomycin-induced lung injury. However, there is little mechanistic insight in the biological activity of curcumin. Here, we study the effects of curcumin on the expression and activity of cathepsins which have been implicated in the development of fibrotic lung diseases. Methods We investigated the effects of curcumin administration to bleomycin stimulated C57BL/6 mice and human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFL-1) on the expression of cathepsins K and L which have been implicated in matrix degradation, TGF-β1 modulation, and apoptosis. Lung tissues were evaluated for their contents of cathepsins K and L, collagen, and TGF-β1. HFL-1 cells were used to investigate the effects of curcumin and cathepsin inhibition on cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and the expression of cathepsins K and L and TGF-β1. Results Collagen deposition in lungs was decreased by 17-28% after curcumin treatment which was accompanied by increased expression levels of cathepsins L (25%-39%) and K (41%-76%) and a 30% decrease in TGF-β1 expression. Moreover, Tunel staining of lung tissue revealed a 33-41% increase in apoptotic cells after curcumin treatment. These in vivo data correlated well with data obtained from the human fibroblast line, HFL-1. Here, cathepsin K and L expression increased 190% and 240%, respectively, in the presence of curcumin and the expression of TGF-β1 decreased by 34%. Furthermore, curcumin significantly decreased cell proliferation and migration and increased the expression of surrogate markers of apoptosis. In contrast, these curcumin effects were partly reversed by a potent cathepsin inhibitor. Conclusion This study demonstrates that curcumin increases the expression of cathepsins K and L in lung which an effect on lung fibroblast cell behavior such as proliferation, migration and apoptosis rates and on the expression of TGF-β1 in mouse lung and HFL-1 cells. These results suggest that cathepsin-inducing drugs such as curcumin may be beneficial in the treatment of lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Zhang
- Department of Oral and Biological Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Apoptosis modulation as a promising target for treatment of systemic sclerosis. Int J Rheumatol 2011; 2011:495792. [PMID: 21912551 PMCID: PMC3170778 DOI: 10.1155/2011/495792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a fatal autoimmune disease characterized by an excessive ECM deposition inducing a loss of function of skin and internal organs. Apoptosis is a key mechanism involved in all the stages of the disease: vascular damage, immune dysfunction, and fibrosis. The purpose of this paper is to gather new findings in apoptosis related to SSc, to highlight relations between apoptosis and fibrosis, and to identify new therapeutic targets.
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Ma J, Phillips L, Wang Y, Dai T, LaPage J, Natarajan R, Adler SG. Curcumin activates the p38MPAK-HSP25 pathway in vitro but fails to attenuate diabetic nephropathy in DBA2J mice despite urinary clearance documented by HPLC. Altern Ther Health Med 2010; 10:67. [PMID: 21073732 PMCID: PMC2999583 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-10-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcumin has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-proliferative properties, and depending upon the experimental circumstances, may be pro- or anti-apoptotic. Many of these biological actions could ameliorate diabetic nephropathy. METHODS/DESIGN Mouse podocytes, cultured in basal or high glucose conditions, underwent acute exposure to curcumin. Western blots for p38-MAPK, COX-2 and cleaved caspase-3; isoelectric focusing for HSP25 phosphorylation; and DNase I assays for F- to G- actin cleavage were performed for in vitro analyses. In vivo studies examined the effects of dietary curcumin on the development of diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin (Stz)-induced diabetes in DBA2J mice. Urinary albumin to creatinine ratios were obtained, high performance liquid chromatography was performed for urinary curcuminoid measurements, and Western blots for p38-MAPK and total HSP25 were performed. RESULTS Curcumin enhanced the phosphorylation of both p38MAPK and downstream HSP25; inhibited COX-2; induced a trend towards attenuation of F- to G-actin cleavage; and dramatically inhibited the activation of caspase-3 in vitro. In curcumin-treated DBA2J mice with Stz-diabetes, HPLC measurements confirmed the presence of urinary curcuminoid. Nevertheless, dietary provision of curcumin either before or after the induction of diabetes failed to attenuate albuminuria. CONCLUSIONS Apart from species, strain, early differences in glycemic control, and/or dosing effects, the failure to modulate albuminuria may have been due to a decrement in renal HSP25 or stimulation of the 12/15 lipoxygenase pathway in DBA2J mice fed curcumin. In addition, these studies suggest that timed urine collections may be useful for monitoring curcumin dosing and renal pharmacodynamic effects.
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Zhang C, Li B, Zhang X, Hazarika P, Aggarwal BB, Duvic M. Curcumin Selectively Induces Apoptosis in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Cell Lines and Patients’ PBMCs: Potential Role for STAT-3 and NF-κB Signaling. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130:2110-9. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2010.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Rekowski MVW, Giannis A. Histone acetylation modulation by small molecules: a chemical approach. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2010; 1799:760-7. [PMID: 20493978 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2010.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) are enzymes able to acetylate lysine side chains of histones. They play essential roles in normal cell function as well as in pathogenesis of a broad set of diseases, including multiple cancers, HIV, diabetes mellitus, and neurodegenerative disorders. Moreover, several HATs are able to acetylate various non-histone protein substrates e.g. transcription factors, enzymes involved in glycolysis, fatty acid and glycogen metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid and urea cycles, suggesting that lysine acetylation represents an important regulatory mechanism similar to protein phosphorylation. Small molecule inhibitors of histone acetyltransferases have been developed in the last years and proved to be powerful tools to provide new insights into the mechanisms and the role of protein acetylation in gene regulation. This article highlights recent advances in the development of small molecule modulators of histone acetyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarete von Wantoch Rekowski
- Department of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Involvement of nucleophosmin/B23 in the cellular response to curcumin. J Nutr Biochem 2010; 22:46-52. [PMID: 20303727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2009] [Revised: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM/B23) is a nucleolar phosphoprotein involved in cellular response to many different stimuli. Herein, we studied the molecular mechanism of NPM/B23 induction by curcumin, a natural AP-1 inhibitor with antitumor properties. Exposure to 5-30 μM curcumin significantly and dose-dependently increased the level of NPM/B23 in non-transformed NIH 3T3 cells but not HeLa cells and F9 cells. Besides, the transformed F9 and HeLa cells are more sensitive to curcumin-induced cell death and growth inhibition than NIH 3T3 cells. Overexpression of c-Jun, but not c-Fos, decreased ∼40% of NPM/B23 and enhanced the sensitivity of NIH 3T3 cells to 30 μM curcumin. Furthermore, down-regulation of NPM/B23 by transfection with NPM/B23 antisense plasmid enhanced the sensitivity to curcumin-induced cell death and growth inhibition. These results indicated that NPM/B23 expression regulates cellular sensitivity to curcumin. Besides, NPM/B23 knockdown may facilitate as a novel strategy to promote the sensitivity of cancer cells to curcumin.
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Ravindran J, Prasad S, Aggarwal BB. Curcumin and cancer cells: how many ways can curry kill tumor cells selectively? AAPS J 2009; 11:495-510. [PMID: 19590964 PMCID: PMC2758121 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-009-9128-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 488] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a hyperproliferative disorder that is usually treated by chemotherapeutic agents that are toxic not only to tumor cells but also to normal cells, so these agents produce major side effects. In addition, these agents are highly expensive and thus not affordable for most. Moreover, such agents cannot be used for cancer prevention. Traditional medicines are generally free of the deleterious side effects and usually inexpensive. Curcumin, a component of turmeric (Curcuma longa), is one such agent that is safe, affordable, and efficacious. How curcumin kills tumor cells is the focus of this review. We show that curcumin modulates growth of tumor cells through regulation of multiple cell signaling pathways including cell proliferation pathway (cyclin D1, c-myc), cell survival pathway (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, cFLIP, XIAP, c-IAP1), caspase activation pathway (caspase-8, 3, 9), tumor suppressor pathway (p53, p21) death receptor pathway (DR4, DR5), mitochondrial pathways, and protein kinase pathway (JNK, Akt, and AMPK). How curcumin selectively kills tumor cells, and not normal cells, is also described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaraj Ravindran
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, BOX 143, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Sahdeo Prasad
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, BOX 143, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Bharat B. Aggarwal
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, BOX 143, Houston, TX 77030 USA
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Abstract
Aim To approach the effects of luteolin on proliferation of rat lung fibroblasts. Methods The lung fibroblasts were isolated from the lungs of Sprague-Dawley rats at postnatal day 3, and were then passaged to 96-well culture plates. All cells were divide into 6 groups including normal control group, positive control group, 4×10 time, the cytomorphology of LFb, drew growth curve, determined superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were observed. Results Luteolin at the concentration of 4×10−4, 4×10−5 mol·L−1 inhibited evidently the growth and proliferation of lung fibroblasts, and enhanced SOD activity. The density, interval and volume of lung fibroblasts became decrescent. The effects, dose-dependently, had obvious statistical significance compared with normal control group. Conclusion Luteolin can inhibit the proliferation of the lung fibroblasts in rat.
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Reddy SP. The antioxidant response element and oxidative stress modifiers in airway diseases. Curr Mol Med 2008; 8:376-83. [PMID: 18691064 DOI: 10.2174/156652408785160925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Redox balance is particularly important in the airways because they are the first points of contact with environmental pollutants such as ozone, particles, and cigarette smoke, as well as pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. However, an imbalance between toxicant-induced reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species and the antioxidant defense system leads to oxidative stress, which has been implicated in the development and/or perpetuation of airway diseases, including malignancy. Various antioxidant enzymes and proteins are critical to maintaining the reducing environment of the cell and preventing the damage to various biomolecules that is elicited by ROS/RNS. Emerging evidence indicates that transcriptional activation of the antioxidant response element (ARE) plays a crucial role in modulating oxidative stress and providing cytoprotection against prooxidant stimuli. This review focuses on the regulation and functional roles of key effectors that bind to the ARE and differentially (up- or down-) regulate gene expression in lung tissue/cell types in response to respiratory toxicants. It also provides a perspective on whether boosting ARE-mediated gene expression with dietary plants and synthetic plant products will offer a better therapeutic strategy for mitigating oxidative stress and respiratory pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sekhar P Reddy
- The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences/Division of Physiology, Rm. E7547, 615 N.Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Abstract
Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) is a disease of unknown origins that involves tissue ischemia and fibrosis in the skin and internal organs such as the lungs. The tissue ischemia is due to a lack of functional blood vessels and an inability to form new blood vessels. Bone marrow--derived circulating endothelial progenitor cells play a key role in blood vessel repair and neovascularization. Scleroderma patients appear to have defects in the number and function of circulating endothelial progenitor cells. Scleroderma patients also develop fibrotic lesions, possibly as the result of tissue ischemia. Fibroblast-like cells called fibrocytes that differentiate from a different pool of bone marrow-derived circulating progenitor cells seem to be involved in this process. Manipulating the production, function, and differentiation of circulating progenitor cells represents an exciting new possibility for treating scleroderma.
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Potential therapeutic effects of curcumin, the anti-inflammatory agent, against neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2008; 41:40-59. [PMID: 18662800 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2008.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1125] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Revised: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 06/23/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although safe in most cases, ancient treatments are ignored because neither their active component nor their molecular targets are well defined. This is not the case, however, with curcumin, a yellow-pigment substance and component of turmeric (Curcuma longa), which was identified more than a century ago. For centuries it has been known that turmeric exhibits anti-inflammatory activity, but extensive research performed within the past two decades has shown that this activity of turmeric is due to curcumin (diferuloylmethane). This agent has been shown to regulate numerous transcription factors, cytokines, protein kinases, adhesion molecules, redox status and enzymes that have been linked to inflammation. The process of inflammation has been shown to play a major role in most chronic illnesses, including neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases. In the current review, we provide evidence for the potential role of curcumin in the prevention and treatment of various proinflammatory chronic diseases. These features, combined with the pharmacological safety and negligible cost, render curcumin an attractive agent to explore further.
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Tourkina E, Richard M, Gööz P, Bonner M, Pannu J, Harley R, Bernatchez PN, Sessa WC, Silver RM, Hoffman S. Antifibrotic properties of caveolin-1 scaffolding domain in vitro and in vivo. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2008; 294:L843-61. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00295.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung fibrosis involves the overexpression of ECM proteins, primarily collagen, by α-smooth muscle actin (ASMA)-positive cells. Caveolin-1 is a master regulator of collagen expression by cultured lung fibroblasts and of lung fibrosis in vivo. A peptide equivalent to the caveolin-1 scaffolding domain (CSD peptide) inhibits collagen and tenascin-C expression by normal lung fibroblasts (NLF) and fibroblasts from the fibrotic lungs of scleroderma patients (SLF). CSD peptide inhibits ASMA expression in SLF but not NLF. Similar inhibition of collagen, tenascin-C, and ASMA expression was also observed when caveolin-1 expression was upregulated using adenovirus. These observations suggest that the low caveolin-1 levels in SLF cause their overexpression of collagen, tenascin-C, and ASMA. In mechanistic studies, MEK, ERK, JNK, and Akt were hyperactivated in SLF, and CSD peptide inhibited their activation and altered their subcellular localization. These studies and experiments using kinase inhibitors suggest many differences between NLF and SLF in signaling cascades. To validate these data, we determined that the alterations in signaling molecule activation observed in SLF also occur in fibrotic lung tissue from scleroderma patients and in mice with bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Finally, we demonstrated that systemic administration of CSD peptide to bleomycin-treated mice blocks epithelial cell apoptosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and changes in tissue morphology as well as signaling molecule activation and collagen, tenascin-C, and ASMA expression associated with lung fibrosis. CSD peptide may be a prototype for novel treatments for human lung fibrosis that act, in part, by inhibiting the expression of ASMA and ECM proteins.
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Scharstuhl A, Mutsaers HAM, Pennings SWC, Szarek WA, Russel FGM, Wagener FADTG. Curcumin-induced fibroblast apoptosis and in vitro wound contraction are regulated by antioxidants and heme oxygenase: implications for scar formation. J Cell Mol Med 2008; 13:712-25. [PMID: 18410527 PMCID: PMC3822878 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00339.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast apoptosis plays a crucial role in normal and pathological scar formation and therefore we studied whether the putative apoptosis-inducing factor curcumin affects fibroblast apoptosis and may function as a novel therapeutic. We show that 25-μM curcumin causes fibroblast apoptosis and that this could be inhibited by co-administration of antioxidants N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), biliverdin or bilirubin, suggesting that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved. This is supported by our observation that 25-μM curcumin caused the generation of ROS, which could be completely blocked by addition of NAC or bilirubin. Since biliverdin and bilirubin are downstream products of heme degradation by heme oxygenase (HO), it has been suggested that HO-activity protects against curcumin-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, exposure to curcumin maximally induced HO-1 protein and HO-activity at 10–15 μM, whereas, at a concentration of >20-μM curcumin HO-1-expression and HO-activity was negligible. NAC-mediated inhibition of 25-μM curcumin-induced apoptosis was demonstrated to act in part via restored HO-1-induction, since the rescuing effect of NAC could be reduced by inhibiting HO-activity. Moreover pre-induction of HO-1 using 5-μM curcumin protected fibroblasts against 25-μM curcumin-induced apoptosis. On a functional level, fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction, an in vitro wound contraction model, was completely prevented by 25-μM curcumin, while this could be reversed by co-incubation with NAC, an effect that was also partially HO-mediated. In conclusion, curcumin treatment in high doses (>25 μM) may provide a novel way to modulate pathological scar formation through the induction of fibroblast apoptosis, while antioxidants, HO-activity and its effector molecules act as a possible fine-tuning regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Scharstuhl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, The Netherlands
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Li H, van Berlo D, Shi T, Speit G, Knaapen AM, Borm PJA, Albrecht C, Schins RPF. Curcumin protects against cytotoxic and inflammatory effects of quartz particles but causes oxidative DNA damage in a rat lung epithelial cell line. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2007; 227:115-24. [PMID: 18001810 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2007.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2007] [Revised: 09/28/2007] [Accepted: 10/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inhalation of high concentrations of respirable quartz particles has been implicated in various lung diseases including lung fibrosis and cancer. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress is considered a major mechanism of quartz toxicity. Curcumin, a yellow pigment from Curcuma longa, has been considered as nutraceutical because of its strong anti-inflammatory, antitumour and antioxidant properties. The aim of our present study was to investigate whether curcumin can protect lung epithelial cells from the cytotoxic, genotoxic and inflammatory effects associated with quartz (DQ12) exposure. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements using the spin-trap DMPO demonstrated that curcumin reduces hydrogen peroxide-dependent hydroxyl-radical formation by quartz. Curcumin was also found to reduce quartz-induced cytotoxicity and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) mRNA expression in RLE-6TN rat lung epithelial cells (RLE). Curcumin also inhibited the release of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) from RLE cells as observed upon treatment with interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha). However, curcumin failed to protect the RLE cells from oxidative DNA damage induced by quartz, as shown by formamidopyrimidine glycosylase (FPG)-modified comet assay and by immunocytochemistry for 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine. In contrast, curcumin was found to be a strong inducer of oxidative DNA damage itself at non-cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory concentrations. In line with this, curcumin also enhanced the mRNA expression of the oxidative stress response gene heme oxygenase-1 (ho-1). Curcumin also caused oxidative DNA damage in NR8383 rat alveolar macrophages and A549 human lung epithelial cells. Taken together, these observations indicate that one should be cautious in considering the potential use of curcumin in the prevention or treatment of lung diseases associated with quartz exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Institut für umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF) at the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf gGmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Ehre C, Zhu Y, Abdullah LH, Olsen J, Nakayama KI, Nakayama K, Messing RO, Davis CW. nPKCepsilon, a P2Y2-R downstream effector in regulated mucin secretion from airway goblet cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2007; 293:C1445-54. [PMID: 17728398 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00051.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Airway goblet cell mucin secretion is controlled by agonist activation of P2Y(2) purinoceptors, acting through Gq/PLC, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)), diacylglycerol, Ca(2+) and protein kinase C (PKC). Previously, we showed that SPOC1 cells express cPKCalpha, nPKCdelta, nPKCepsilon, and nPKCeta; of these, only nPKCdelta translocated to the membrane in correlation with mucin secretion (Abdullah LH, Bundy JT, Ehre C, Davis CW. Am J Physiol Lung Physiol 285: L149-L160, 2003). We have verified these results and pursued the identity of the PKC effector isoform by testing the effects of altered PKC expression on regulated mucin release using SPOC1 cell and mouse models. SPOC1 cells overexpressing cPKCalpha, nPKCdelta, and nPKCeta had the same levels of ATPgammaS- and phorbol-1,2-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated mucin secretion as the levels in empty retroviral vector expressing cells. Secretagogue-induced mucin secretion was elevated only in cells overexpressing nPKCepsilon (14.6 and 23.5%, for ATPgammaS and PMA). Similarly, only SPOC1 cells infected with a kinase-deficient nPKCepsilon exhibited the expected diminution of stimulated mucin secretion, relative to wild-type (WT) isoform overexpression. ATPgammaS-stimulated mucin secretion from isolated, perfused mouse tracheas was diminished in P2Y(2)-R null mice by 82% relative to WT mice, demonstrating the utility of mouse models in studies of regulated mucin secretion. Littermate WT and nPKCdelta knockout (KO) mice had nearly identical levels of stimulated mucin secretion, whereas mucin release was nearly abolished in nPKCepsilon KO mice relative to its WT littermates. We conclude that nPKCepsilon is the effector isoform downstream of P2Y(2)-R activation in the goblet cell secretory response. The translocation of nPKCdelta observed in activated cells is likely not related to mucin secretion but to some other aspect of goblet cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Ehre
- CCystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7248, USA
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Thangapazham RL, Sharma A, Maheshwari RK. BENEFICIAL ROLE OF CURCUMIN IN SKIN DISEASES. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2007; 595:343-57. [PMID: 17569219 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-46401-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, considerable interest has been focused on curcumin a compound, isolated from turmeric. Curcumin is used as a coloring, flavoring agent and has been traditionally used in medicine and cuisine in India. The varied biological properties of curcumin and lack of toxicity even when administered at higher doses makes it attractive to explore its use in various disorders like tumors of skin, colon, duodenum, pancreas, breast and other skin diseases. This chapter reviews the data on the use of curcumin for the chemoprevention and treatment of various skin diseases like scleroderma, psoriasis and skin cancer. Curcumin protects skin by quenching free radicals and reducing inflammation through nuclear factor-KB inhibition. Curcumin treatment also reduced wound-healing time, improved collagen deposition and increased fibroblast and vascular density in wounds thereby enhancing both normal and impaired wound-healing. Curcumin has also been shown to have beneficial effect as a proangiogenic agent in wound-healing by inducing transforming growth factor-beta, which induces both angiogenesis and accumulation of extracellular matrix, which continues through the remodeling phase of wound repair. These studies suggest the beneficial effects of curcumin and the potential of this compound to be developed as a potent nontoxic agent for treating skin diseases.
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Surh YJ, Chun KS. CANCER CHEMOPREVENTIVE EFFECTS OF CURCUMIN. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2007; 595:149-72. [PMID: 17569209 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-46401-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chemoprevention, which is referred to as the use of nontoxic natural or synthetic chemicals to intervene in multistage carcinogenesis, has emerged as a promising and pragmatic medical approach to reduce the risk of cancer. Numerous components of edible plants, collectively termed "phytochemicals" have been reported to possess substantial chemopreventive properties. Curcumin, a yellow coloring ingredient derived from Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae), is one of the most extensively investigated and well-defined chemopreventive phytochemicals. Curcumin has been shown to protect against skin, oral, intestinal, and colon carcinogenesis and also to suppress angiogenesis and metastasis in a variety animal tumor models. It also inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells by arresting them in the various phases of the cell cycle and by inducing apoptosis. Moreover, curcumin has a capability to inhibit carcinogen bioactivation via suppression of specific cytochrome P450 isozymes, as well as to induce the activity or expression of phase II carcinogen detoxifying enzymes. Well-designed intervention studies are necessary to assess the chemopreventive efficacy of curcumin in normal individuals as well as high-risk groups. Sufficient data from pharmacodynamic as well as mechanistic studies are necessary to advocate clinical evaluation of curcumin for its chemopreventive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Joon Surh
- National Research Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, South Korea.
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Aggarwal BB, Sundaram C, Malani N, Ichikawa H. CURCUMIN: THE INDIAN SOLID GOLD. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2007; 595:1-75. [PMID: 17569205 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-46401-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 842] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Turmeric, derived from the plant Curcuma longa, is a gold-colored spice commonly used in the Indian subcontinent, not only for health care but also for the preservation of food and as a yellow dye for textiles. Curcumin, which gives the yellow color to turmeric, was first isolated almost two centuries ago, and its structure as diferuloylmethane was determined in 1910. Since the time of Ayurveda (1900 Bc) numerous therapeutic activities have been assigned to turmeric for a wide variety of diseases and conditions, including those of the skin, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal systems, aches, pains, wounds, sprains, and liver disorders. Extensive research within the last half century has proven that most of these activities, once associated with turmeric, are due to curcumin. Curcumin has been shown to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities and thus has a potential against various malignant diseases, diabetes, allergies, arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, and other chronic illnesses. These effects are mediated through the regulation of various transcription factors, growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, protein kinases, and other enzymes. Curcumin exhibits activities similar to recently discovered tumor necrosis factor blockers (e.g., HUMIRA, REMICADE, and ENBREL), a vascular endothelial cell growth factor blocker (e.g., AVASTIN), human epidermal growth factor receptor blockers (e.g., ERBITUX, ERLOTINIB, and GEFTINIB), and a HER2 blocker (e.g., HERCEPTIN). Considering the recent scientific bandwagon that multitargeted therapy is better than monotargeted therapy for most diseases, curcumin can be considered an ideal "Spice for Life".
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemistry
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use
- Antifungal Agents/chemistry
- Antifungal Agents/pharmacology
- Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use
- Antioxidants/chemistry
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Antioxidants/therapeutic use
- Antiviral Agents/chemistry
- Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
- Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy
- Curcuma/chemistry
- Curcumin/analogs & derivatives
- Curcumin/chemistry
- Curcumin/metabolism
- Curcumin/pharmacology
- Curcumin/therapeutic use
- Humans
- India
- Medicine, Ayurvedic
- Models, Biological
- Molecular Structure
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Phytotherapy
- Plants, Medicinal
- Spices
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat B Aggarwal
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Venkatesan N, Punithavathi D, Babu M. Protection from acute and chronic lung diseases by curcumin. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2007; 595:379-405. [PMID: 17569221 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-46401-5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review has been to describe the current state of the therapeutic potential of curcumin in acute and chronic lung injuries. Occupational and environmental exposures to mineral dusts, airborne pollutants, cigarette smoke, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy injure the lungs, resulting in acute and chronic inflammatory lung diseases. Despite major advances in treating lung diseases, until now disease-modifying efficacy has not been demonstrated for any of the existing drugs. Current medical therapy offers only marginal benefit; therefore, there is an essential need to develop new drugs that might be of effective benefit in clinical settings. Over the years, there has been increasing evidence that curcumin, a phytochemical present in turmeric (Curcuma longa), has a wide spectrum of therapeutic properties and a remarkable range of protective effects in various diseases. Several experimental animal models have tested curcumin on lung fibrosis and these studies demonstrate that curcumin attenuates lung injury and fibrosis caused by radiation, chemotherapeutic drugs, and toxicants. The growing amount of data from pharmacological and animal studies also supports the notion that curcumin plays a protective role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and allergic asthma, its therapeutic action being on the prevention or modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress. These findings give substance to the possibility of testing curcumin in patients with lung diseases.
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